your pan and the thumbe behind the scutchian 7 In presenting draw backe first your left leg to your right and withall stooping a little with your head to your pan being guarded blow off your coale 8 Lying on as in the 12 posture marching opening your pan fal backe with your right leg bring your right hand to the thumbe-hole of your musket presenting a faire body hold your musket hard and closse betweene your brest and your shoulder blade and pulling your tricker with your fore finger give fire 9 Having given fire bring up your right leg againe to your left as in the 7 figure and withall vn cock your match 10 Set forward your left leg againe to your first stand and returne your match betweene the two lesser fingers of your left hand and after that doe these postures following as in the figures marching viz Cleare your pan prime your pan and shut your pan as in the 17 18 and 19 posture marching 11 In taking up the rest hold your musket right up cast off your loose cornes and falling backe with your left leg somewhat stradling bring vp the pan even against your mouth 12 First blow off your loose dust or cornes with a stiffe blast and then cast about yout musket to your left side falling a little backe with your left leg. 13 Having forsaken your rest hold the musket fast in your left hand about the middle of the barrell so as the but end touch not the ground and bringing forward the muzile of your musket to charge your right hand being at liberty do these postures following namely Open your charge Charge with powder draw forth your scouring stick shorten charge with bullet put in stoping ramme home with draw your scovreing sticke shorten and returne as in the 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 and 30 figurs marching 14 Bring forward your musket with your left hand bearing it upright taking it into your right hand at the brich withall bring forward your left leg even with your right as in the 11 figure 15 Hold the musket bolt vpright in your right hand and having the rest in your left hand slip your right hād and your thumbe vpward to the forke as in the marching posture number foure Note by the way that from this poizing posture you may either joyn your rest to your musket es in the fift posture marching or rest your musket as in the first figure standing or else shoulder your musket as in the next figure following 16 Having your musket poized hold the rest a hand full under the forke then bring the musket before your body and your rest crosse over it behind your thumb-hole and so with both hands lay it gently on your shoulder having the rest a crosse your body drawing in your right leg to your left and then falling back againe with your right leg to your stand either stand or march away And thus much for the standing postures of the musket Briefe observations for a Muskettier VVHen a Muskettier is to be excercised in his squadron Company or devision all postures both marching and standing are readily done and reduced to these three words of command to wit Make ready Present Give Fire For first a good Muskettier which hath all his postures perfectly hearing his officer give the first terme of direction make ready will quickly run them over even from vnshouldring of his Musket to the guarding of his panne which is the sixth posture standing and the eleventh marching before he comes to present Secondly in presenting he wil be sure to blow his match well open his panne and fall backe with his right hand to the thumbe-hole of his musket having his fore-finger vpon the tricker setting forward his left legge will attend the next word of direction Thirdly lying on before he comes to give fire bending his left knee will fall back with his right legge bringing the butt end of his musker close betweene his brest and shoulder raising his musket fast and hard to his shoulder will keepe it fast from recoyling resting firme vpon his right legge will give fire Having given fire he takeeth up his musket and rest gracefully and bringing up his right legge againe falls away in his ranke returnes his match cleares his panne prims his panne doth quickly all his postures standing or marching as hath been taught and which shall bee showne more at large by figure when wee come to the excercising of muskettiers in grosse Practised in the warrs of the united Netherlandt NOw followes the true forme of exercising of a Foot Company of 40 pikes and 40 muskettiers besides officers represented by figure the words of Command and demonstration but before we come to the particular motions it is necessary for a yong souldier to know first what a File and a Ranke is Files number 1 The Leader of the right hand file 2 The leader of the left hand file 3 The middle file on the right hand 4 The middle file on the left hand 5 The second file next the right hand 6 The second file next the left hand 7 The third file from the right hand 8 The third file from the left hand The Demonstration Rankes Letter a The first Rank of Leaders b The last Rank of Bringers up c The Rāks of the Leaders of half files to the front d The Rank of the leaders of half files to the Reere e The second Rank next the front f The second Rank next the Reere g The fourth Rank from the front h The fourth Rank from the Reere i The third Rank from the front k The third Rank from the Reere THirdly to vnderstand well the three distances namely Open order order close order The Definition Open order then or the first distance is when the souldiers both in Ranke and File stand sixe foot removed one from an other as the scale and this figure following shewe Observations BEcause the measure of these distances cannot be taken so exactly by the eye we take the distance of sixe foote between File and File by commanding the souldiers as they stand to stretch foorth their armes and stand so remoued one from an other that their hands may meete And for the Rankes we make account we take the same distance of sixe foot when the butt end of the pikes doe almost reach their heeles that march before them THe second distance or your Order is when your men stand three foot remoued one from an other both in Ranke and File and this order is to be vsed when they are embattailled or march in the face of an Ennemy or when they come to stand or when you will wheele as this next figure represents Observations VVEe take the second order or distance betweene File and File by bidding the souldiers sett their armes a Kenbowe and put themselves so closse that their elbowes maye meete And wee reckon wee take the same distance betweene the Rankes when they come vp almust to the swords
point Note that when you march throw any countrie you most observe three foote onely from File to File and sixe from Ranke to Ranke The third distance or your close order is commanded by this word Close which is when there is one foote and a halfe from File to File and three from Ranke to Ranke as this Figure demonstrates OBserve that though this figure stands but at a foote and a halfe distance yet this is for the pikes onely and must never be used but when you will stand firme to receive the charge of an Ennemy The muskettiers must never be closer then the second distance of three foote in square because they are to have a free vse of their Armes THis figure represents the 40 pikes and 40 muskettiers standing in their order because the page will not beare the first foure motions in their open order Here begins the words of Command 1 Stand right in your Files 2 Stand right in your Rankes 3 Silence Here begins the first motion 5. To the right hand IT is to be noted when you are commanded to be As you were you are ever to turne to the contrary hand from whence you came As for example if you did turn to the right hand you are to return to the left hand and so in the rest As you were that is as you stand in your order in the figure aboue marked with the letter I. 9. To the right hand about 10. As you were 11. To the left hand about 12. As you were An Observation These turnings to the right or left hand or to either hand about serue for the given or receiving of a charge vpon the right or left Flank or in the Reere about As you were Because there is now roome enough this figure showes them standing in their open order of sixe foote distance one from an other both in rank and file from which standing they are to doe these motions following 13. Ranks to the right hand double The Demonstration The 2. 6 8 10 rancke from the front marked with the Letters b. d. f. h. k. moues all together and doubles into thier order on the right hand of the files numbred 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. making 5. rankes at thier double open order of 12. foot 16. men in each rancke as is seen in this figure aboue The Demonstration This motion differs not from the former but onely that the vtmost man of the second Ranke and subsequently al the other ranks which moued before comes now vp together to their order on the left hand of the files numbred 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 17. Files to the right hand double The Demonstration The 2. file next the right hand moues fals back betweene the right hand fiile the 4th file betweene the 3. The 6. betweene the 5. the 8. or left hand file betweene the 7 fiile all to thier order making foure fiiles 20. men deepe and 12 foote distance betwixt file and file as in this figure The Demonstration The files which moued before stand now still and the 2. file next the left hand file fals back betweene the left hand file the 5 file betweene the 6 the 3 betweene the 4 and the 1 or right hand file betweene the 2 file makeing 20 men deepe and 12 foote distance betwixt file and file as before 19. Half files to the right hand double your front The Demonstration The leader of the halfe file on the right hand noted f steps to his order beyond the right hand file number 1. and also all the rest of the files stepping to their order on their right hand comes vp together betweene the files numbred 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 6. 6. 7. 7. and 8. into the Rankes marked a. b. c. d. e. at their order of three foot distance in file and 6. in ranke as this figure aboue showes 20. Half files to the right hand double your front The Demonstration This motion differs not from the other but that the leader of the halfe-file on the left hand consequenitly al the rest of the files steps to their order on the left hand comes vp together betweene the files numbred 8. 7. 7. 6. 6. 5. 5. 4. 4. 3. 3. 2. 2. 1. into the rankes marked as before with the letters a. b. c. d. and e. The demonstration When you will Countermarch to the right hand the first Ranke of Leaders numbred 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. and 8. onely must advance one stepp forward with the right legg and then turne and all the other Rankes must march first up to the place from whence the first Ranke did countermarch before they turne where the Sariant stands marked with a starre This figure shewes that betweene the rankes a and d there are 8 rankes mett at their order and the Captaine countermarching to the Reere with the first Ranke of Leaders to the 6 ranke marked f. and the Lieutenant with the ranke of bringers up noted K. towards the front to the ranke noted e. which represents the Countermarch incompleate as is seene in this figure aboue This figure showes the Countermarch compleate when the Captaine or Officer is come with the first Ranke of Leaders to the place where the bringers up the Lieutenant stood and the Lieutenant with the bringers up to the Captaines place standing in their open order in ranke and file as this figure demonstrates Observe likewise if you will now Countermarch to the left hand the first ranke must stepp forwards one stepp with the left legge and then turne and all the other Rankes behinde must come up to that place before they turne where the Sariant with his Halbart stands as before 25. Rankes to the left hand countermarch Note that this figure as the first showes the Countermarch incompleate as before This figure showes that the Captaine is countermarcht up with the first ranke of leaders into that place where the front stood before and every ranke and file in their open order The like countermarch is performed either on the right or left flanke by giving first this word of command To the right or left hand omitting the naming either of Rankes or files in saying onely To the right or left hand countermarch which you lift Observations before yow wheele First Files to the right or left hand or to the middle Close to your Order To 3. foote betweene File and File If you would close your files to the right hand the outermost file on that hand stands still and the next on the right hand numbred 2 moues first to their order and then all the files ciphred 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. the left hand file closes in all to their order And if you would have them close to the left hand the outermost file also on that hand stands still and then the file next the left
hand numbred 7 moves first and afterward all the other files noted 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. or the right hand file close all to their order But if you desire to have your files close to the middle then the two middle most files numbred 4. 5. close first to their order of three foote and having their distance the other files numbred 2. 3. and 1. on the right hand and the files 8. 7. and 6. on the left hand closes both waies into their order Secondly Rankes to your Order Close that is To three foote betweene Ranke and Ranke Note that in this motion also the Rankes which stand in their open order on the other page marked with the Letters bc defghi and k moving all to gether in an even front comes up to their order or distance of three foote as this figure demonstrates where both files rankes stand in their order of 3 foote distance Observe that when you exercise a company single you double your front before you wheele in regard the body is smal but in a devision or a greater body you close both your rankes and files to your order as aboue omitting the doubling and then wheele but being a single company when you wheele to the right hand then double your front to the left hand for so the leader of the right hand file will keepe his place on that corner towards which you wheele This figure before you wheele shews your men to stand in their close order in file and their order in ranke as 〈◊〉 Againe when you wheele to the left hand double your front to the right hand and then the two leaderson the left hand doe but onely turne their bodies like the point of a Compasse to that hand whereto they wheele while the body comes about with a faster motion and an even front Note also that after you have wheeled to which hand you list and as often as you will you give in a single company this word of command Halfe files as you were that is as they stood in their order both in ranke and file before but in greater bodies where the doubling is omitted you first open your rankes by giving this terme of direction Rankes backward to your open order and then likewise your files by commanding Files open both waies to your open order of six footes as this figure both in ranke and file represents In opening of Rankes and Files you must make all the Files or Rankes saving the outermost on that hand from whence you meane to open which must stand to moue altogether till the second Ranke or File from that which standeth haue gotten its distance and consequently all the rest Having performed the former Motions you may afterward exercise your company of Pikes and Muskettiers together or if you pleafe each a part To beginne then with the Pikes you may commaund them to doe these motions standing to wit Advance your Pikes Order your Pikes Shoulder your Pikes Charge your Pikes Order your Pikes Traile your Pikes Checke your Pikes But these Motions are to be performed both standing and marching namely Charge your Pikes Shoulder your Pikes To the right hand Charge Shoulder your Pikes To the left hand Charge Shoulder your Pikes To the Reere Charge Shoulder your Pikes Stand Order your Pikes First note that in charging halfe the Rankes onely must charge their Pikes the other hindermost halfe of the Rankes doe but port their Pikes that is they cary them so couched over the Heads of the foremost as may giue them no offence either in charging or retyreing Besides this way the Pikes are not so subject to be broken by the shot of the Enemy as when they are advanced Secondly they must likewise obserue when they charge standing to fall back with the right legge and marching to steppe forwards with the left Standing Thirdly the exercising of your Muskettiers is likewise performed either or Marching That is either by Rankes or by Files after three manner of waies to wit first having an Enemy in your front Secondly in your Reere and thirdly vpon your right or left flanke as these figures following in exercising of 260 Pikes Muskettiers besides Officers will demonstrate whereof the first showes the manner of giving fire standing vpon an Enemy in your front by commanding these three termes or direction vnderneath This figure aboue shewes that the first and second rank of both the wings of Muskettiers having given fire are fallen away and are a doing their postures till they come in the vacant Rankes in the Reere noted i k while the third and fourth Rankes on both flankes make ready and advances up to the same ground where the first were even with the front of the Pikes Note also that the first Ranke falling backe with their right legges bending their left knee lies on and giues fire as hath bin taught and the first Ranke falling away the second Ranke in presenting having their pannes garded blowes their matches opens their pannes and steps forward with their left legs into the place of the first ranke lies on giues fire and fall away while the rest of the body of muskettiers mooues up to their place and so two rankes at a time making ready you may giue fire as often as you list You must observe likewise that the muskettiers in all these motions do turne to the right hand so to have a cingular care to carry the mouthes of their muskets aloft aswell when they are shouldred as in priming as also when they keepe their pannes garded and come vp to give fire Moreover if an Enemy should appeare on either your right or left flank and that you resolue to maintain your ground and would gaule him from either flank it is performed by giving first this word of command To the right or left hand which you please and then making an interval of 6 foot distance between the two middlemost leaders of the halfe files e for the halfe rank on the left hand marked a b c d and e do fall away between the files to the Reere before the pikes and the half rank on the right hand k i g h f on the right flank likewise you may giue fire from either or both flankes as you list Again if an Enemy should shew himself in your Reere the like is done by giving this term of derection To the right hand about and having given fire upon them fall away to the place where the front stood even in the same manner as you did before The manner of giving fire marching and advancing towards an Enemy is performed as this figure following represents In advancing towards an Enemy two Rankes must alwaies make ready together advance ten paces forwards before the bodies at which distance a Sarjant or when the body is great some other Officer must stand to whom the Musketteirs are to come up before present and giue fire First the first ranke and whilest the
first Ranke giues fire the second Ranke keeps their muskets close to their pannes guarded and assoone as the first are falne away the second presently presents giue fire and fall after them Now assoone as the two first rankes do moue from their places in the front the two rancks next it must unshoulder their muskets and make ready so as they may advance forward ten paces as before assoon as ever the first two rankes are fallen away and are to doe in all pointes as the fmorer So all the other rankes through the whole company or division must doe the same by two one after an other A way how to giue fire retreating from an enemy which is performed after this sort as this figure following shows As the troupe marcheth the hindermost rank of all keeping still with the troupe maketh ready and being ready the souldiers in that ranke turne altogether to the right hand and giue fire marching presently away a good round pace to the front their place themselves in a Ranke together iust before the front Assoone as the first Ranke turneth to giue fire the Ranke next makes ready and doth as the former and so all the rest Last of all the troupe or whole wing of Muskettiers makes ready altogether standing and the first Ranke without advancing giues fire in the place it standts in speedily as may be yet orderly falles away the Rankes doing the same successiuely one after another A manner how to giue fire either from the right or left hand flanke as these 6 files of 60 Muskettiers demonstrates To the right hand present giue fire Captaine to the left hand present giue fire The Demonstration The company or division marching the outermost file next the enemy are commanded to make ready keeping still along with the Bodie till such time as they be ready they turne all to the right or left hand according to the fight of their Enemy either upon their right or left flanke and giue fire all together when thy haue discharged they stirre not but keepe their ground and charge their peeces againe in the same place they stand Now assoone as the aforesaid file doth turne to give fire the outmost next it makes ready alwaies keepeing along with the troupe till the bringers vp be past a little beyond the Leader of that file that gave fire last and then the whole file must turne and giue fire an doe in all points as the first did and so all the rest one after another A Sarjant or if the troupe be great some better qualified Officer must stand at the head of the first file and assoone as the second file hath given fire and hath charged he is to lead forwards the first file vp to the second file and so to the rest one after an other till he hath gathered again the whole wing and then he is to ioyne them againe in equall front with the pikes A BRIEFE Index of the points postures and severall motions contained in this first part of the Principles of the Art Militarie THe first is the duties of a private Souldier a Gentleman of a Companie and of all the Officers belonging to a Companie of Infanterie or Foote pages 1. 1. 3. 2. The Armes belonging to a Pike-man a Muskettier represented by figure 4. 3. The directions and the Postures of a Pike-man pages 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 4. The directions postures of a Muskettier marching pages 10. 11. 12. 13. 5. The direction the Centinell postures standing pag. 14. 15. 6. Briefe observations for a Muskettier pag. 16. 7. The beginning of the exercising of a Companie of Foote consisting of 40. Pikes 40. Muskettiers and the definition what a File and a Ranke is with the Demonstration of the dignity of Files and Ranks pag. 17. 8. Of the three distances obserued in exercising of a Companie to wit Open-order Order Closse-order with the definition thereof observations there-vpon pag. 18. 19 9. Of conversions turnings with the words of Commaund pages 20. 20. 10. The standing in open order fit for the doubling of Ranks Files pag. 21. 11. The doubling of Rankes pages 21. 22. 23. 12. The doubling of Files pages 24. 25. 26. 27. 13. The doubling of the Front by half files pages 28. 29. 30. 31. 14. The Countermarchings either to the right or left hand pages 32. 33. 34. 35. 15. Observations before wheelings pag. 36. 16 The wheelings to the right or left hand or about pages 37. 38. 39. 17. The opening of Ranks and Files pag. 40. 18. The posture of the Pikes commaunded either marching or standing the several givings of fire pages 41. 42. 43. 44. For the Cavallrie 19. Secondly the duties of a private Horse a Gentleman the severall charges and Officers belonging to a troupe of Horse beginning with letter A. pages 1. 2. 3. 20. The Armes belonging to a Curassier a Harquebusier pag. 4. of the managing of his Horse and their Armes represented by figure pag. 5. 21. The directions postures of a Curassier a Harquebussier represented with their words of Commaund in two great plates pages 6. 7. 8. 22. The exercising of a Esquadron of Cavallrie according to his Highnesse the Prince of Orange by the way of figure the word of Commaund directions pag. 9. 10. 11 23. His Highnesse order for filing and marching of Horse pag. 12. Thirdly an Appendex of Marshall discipline enacted and statuated by the Lords the States Generall his Highnesse for the Militia of the Vnited Provinces beginning with letter A. B. C. D. THe Book-binder is to follow in this first part in binding it first the Tytle and Dedication sheete then letter A. B. C. D. E. E2 and the half sheete for turning pages 21. 21. because a half sheete comes in here E3 F. G. H. I. K. L. L2 and this half sheete which makes L3 and so ends this first part for the Printer according to the figures of the pages hath committed an errour in not figuring the pages right FINIS BRIEFE Instructions of the Duties of a Horseman and the severall Officers belonging to a Troupe of Horse practised in the service of the Lordes the States Generall of the united Provinces vnder the Commaund of his highnesse the Prince of Orange FIrst the Cavallrie or Horse are ordered into two Troupes namely either a Troupe of Curaissiers which are heavelie armed consisting of able and lustie men and the highest and strongest horses or a Companie of Harquebussiers or Carabines which are more lightly armed as shal be discribed in the States list following The Officers then of a Troupe of Horse and the dutie of a Horseman or a centinell through their severall degrees are these 1 A Horseman 2 A Good-Smith or Farrier 3 A Clark or Fourrier 4 Two Trumpetters 5 Three Corporals 6 A Quartermaster 7 A Cornet 8 A Lieutenant and 9 A Captaine
the head downeward 12. Holding the rammer head in his right hand as before he is to take the bullett out of his mouth or out of his bullett-bagg at the pistoll case with the thumb and fore finger putt it into the muzzle of the pistoll and the Rammer immediatly after it then rammes it home 13. He is to drawe forth his Rammer with the right hand turned and to returne it to its place 14 With the bridle-hand he is to bring the pistoll towards his right side and placing the butt end vpon his thigh pulls downe the Cock 15 He is to take the Pistoll into his right hand mounting the muzzle vpward 16. Having the Pistoll in his right-hand as in posture 15 with his forefinger vpon the tricker he is to incline the muzzle with a fixed eye towards his mark not suddenlie but by degrees quicker or slower according to the space he rideth and that not directly forward towards the horse head but towards the right turning his right hand so as the lock of the pistoll maye be vpward and having gotten his marke he is to draw the tricker and so give fire 17. He is to returne his pistoll into the Case and then drawes out his other pistoll as occasion maye serve and doeth as before and thus much for the postures of the fire lock pistoll Now concerming the Snap-hane pistoll or Snap-hane Carabine more vsual in England then in these Countries those postures wherein they differ from the fire-lock pistoll are these following which beginn with the 18 Figure 18. Holding the pistoll in the bridle-hand as before hath bin shewed in Figure 14. with the right-hand he is to bend the Cock 19. VVith the right hand he is to pull downe the back lock and to secure the cock from going of 20. With the right hand he is to draw downe the hammer vpon the pan 21. With the right thumbe he is to thrust back the back-lock and so to give the Cock libertie The 22. the 23. the 24. figures shew the marching postures of a Harquebussier or a Carabine The Postures for the Snap-hane Carabine vsed in England are some thing differing from the fire-lock pistols which Captaine Cruso hath sett downe in his 30 Chapter and Follio 43. are these 1. Order your Carabine 2. Sink your Carabine into your bridle hand 3. Bend your Cock 4. Guard your Cock 5. Prime 6. Shutt your pann 7. Cast about your Carabine 8. Take forth your Cartouch 9. Lade your Carabine 10. Draw your rammer 11. Shorten your Rammer 12. Lade your bullet ramm home 13. With draw your Rammer 14. Shorten your Rammer 15. Returne your Rammer 16. Recover your Carabine 17. Order your hammer 18. Free your Cock 19. Present 20. Give fire For the vse of his sword he is to demeane him self as the Cuirassier Observations for the makeing of Cartouches SEing that flasks are now growne out of use amonge our Horsemen for the gaining of time and the quicker giving of fire especially vpon a skirmish or in a battell it is needefull for to make Cartouches Now the Cartouch is to be made of white paper cutt out of a convenient breadth and length and rowled vpon a stick or the Rammer if it be not too litle fit according to the bore of the barrell to containe the due charge of powder and the bullett The proportion of powder vsually required is half the weight of the Bullett but being strong fine pistoll powder it is held too much in the opinion of some men Having moulded then the paper to fitt the Calibre or boore of your pistoll as is said the one end of it is to be turned in to keepe in the powder and the due charge of powder to be putt into it at the other end which powder is to be clossed in by tying a litle thred about the paper then the bullett is to be putt in and that also to be tyed in with a litle thred and when the Curassier or Harquebussier is to vse his Cartouch he must bite of the paper at the head of it at the powder and and so putt it into the barrell of his pistoll with the bullet vpward and then ramme it home for a readinesse vpon any peece of service Briefe observations touching the exercising of Cavallerie through their severall motions as it is commaunded amongst vs by the Prince of Orange and what a young Horseman ought to know before the exercising of his Esqadron or troupe begins FIrst as amonge the foot Companies so the Horse troupes are ranged into Files Ranks and their choisest men are made Leaders of files and bringers vp Secondlie Distance is also observed namely Closse Order and Open Order The Closse order is taken at three foot distance and the open order at six foote distance betweene rank and ranke and file file yea noe more then a Horse can wel turne about in the standing of sixe foote or open order in rank and file they are to doe their motions Thirdly it is necessarie that a Horsman vnderstand wel the severall motions vsed in the exercising of a troupe or Battaillon of Horse which are these three observed amongst vs 1. Facings 2. Countermarching 3. Wheelings 1. The vse of Facing either to the right or left hand or to the Reere is to make a Troupe or Battaillon of Horse perfect to be suddainly prepared for a charge on either Flank or in the Reere 2. Countermarches serve either to reduce the File-leaders into the place of the Bringers vp and so to have the best men readie to receive the charg of an Ennemie in the Reere or to bring one flank into the place of an other 3. Amonge the Horse Wheelings either to the right or left hand or to the Reere about is of excellent vse to bring the Front which consist of the ablest men to be readie to receiue a charge or to give a charge vpon an Ennemie on either Flank or in the Reere Note that doubling of Ranks doubling of files as also doubling of halfe files and halfe Ranks is ommitted amongst our Horse because according to his highnesse Commaund the files of the Horse are but fiue deepe in regard whereof there is alwaies an odd ranke The Demonstration of the figures on the other side answering to every Number of the words of Commaund videlizet 4 Showes the forme of a Squadron of Horse consisting of 30 men standing first in their close order at three foote distance one from another both in Rank and file 5 Showes that their rankes are opened backward to six foote distance or their open order in ranke and file 6 Showes that their files are also opened to six foote distance now stands in their open order both in rank and file Note that in opening of their files the two middlemost Files open first to their distance of 6 foote and the other files both to the right and left hand also till they are in their open order
THE FIRST PART OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE ART MILITARY Practised in the Warres of the United Netherlands vnder the Commaund of his Highnesse the PRINCE Of ORANGE our Captaine Generall For so much as concernes the duties of a Souldier and the Officers of a Companie of Foote as also of a troupe of Horse and the exercising of them through their severall Motions REPRESENTED BY FIGVRE THE WORD OF COMMAUND AND DEMONSTRATION Composed by Captaine HENRY HEXHAM Quartermaster to the Honourable Colonell GORING The Horse is prepared against the day of Battell But safety is of the Lord Prover 21. 31. The second Edition newly corrected and amended Printed at DELF in HOLLAND for the lovers of the noble ART MILITARY ANNO 1642. Cum Privilegio TO THE JLLUSTRIOUS WILLIAM By the grace of God borne Prince of Orange Earle of Nassau c. Marquis of Veere and Vlissing c. Baron of Breda AND Lord Generall of the Cavallrie in the service of the high and mighty Lords the STATES GENERAEL of the Vnited Provinces JLLVSTRIOVS AND NOBLE PRINCE AMong the manie Arts professed in the World the Art Military practised in our moderne Warres of these Vnited Provinces the Nurcerie of the Milita ought not to be accounted the least for what magnanimous braue vailliant Generalls Chieftaines Commandours Souldiers of all nations have bin bred and brought vp in this Academia and Sede belli is sufficiently knowne to the World and what honorable Actions and memorable services they have done and performed returning victorious out of the Feild I leaue to the testimonie of Historie Especially the Almighty God the Lord of Hoasts hath so blessed your generous House as namely your grand-father Prince William your vncle Prince Maurice both of immortall memorie and now your victorious Father Prince Fredrick Henry our Captaine Generall as instruments for the defence of his afflicted Church the true protestant Religion for the maintenance of the Privileges freedomes of the Land hath crowned them with an never-dying name against the violence plotts and subtill machinations of one of the mightiest Potentates of all Christendome What glorious actions the Almighty God hath wrought by them for the deliverance of his Church and people in this Land the Historigraphers of our times striue as with Trumpets to sound forth their fame For if wee cast our eyes backward to times past the beginnings of our Warres when this State consisted but in a handfull of people and a few Townes and were in great distresse and compare it with the State of the Land as it is now we must acknowledg how wonder-fully God hath blessed and protected these Countries against all the Tyrannie and treacherie of the Duke of Alva the Bishop Granvelle and diverse other Spanish Gouvernours that he by his out stretched Arme hath extenpsed the Limits bounds of these United Provinces even as it were from the Sunne-rysing to the Sunne setting and what hath all the Peruvian Gold and the Topazan Silver availed them wee maye therefore truely say with the Apostle If God be with vs who can be against vs Againe if wee consider what God hath done for this Land of later yeares it is a wonder in our eyes how remarkeably with what good successe he hath blessed the able Conduct and dessignes of his highnesse your Father for in the beginning of his Generallship did he not take in Groll Oldenzeel and that heauen-blessed Surprisall of Wesel even when the Ennemy was entred almost into the bowells of this Countrie iust at that time when his highnesse was engaged so deepely at the Seige of the Bosch and carryed that invincible towne against the expectation of all men The yeare after Rhyenbergh and then became master of the strong towne of Mastricht took it before the noses of two great armies which lay betweene vs and home then his and your owne citty of Breda within seauen weekes a day after wee putt spade into the Earth and brake ground towards it whereas Marquis Spinola lay almost a whole yeare before it And last of all the strong Castle Howse of Gennep which did so much annoy these Countries These victories and Lawrils I haue briesly related to refresh your highnesse memorie withall to the ende that wee may giue the glorie and praise vnto God for them As for my self J haue seene these things haue serued this Land two and fortie yeares and learned some experience in these Warres which made me take penn in hand to writ the Principles of the Art Militarie practised in these Warres first vnder the Conduct of your Uncle Prince Maurice of blessed memorie as now also vnder your victorious Father for the instruction of such English Gentlemen Souldiers who are willing to come into the States seruice for the informing of their Iudgments the better with a great deale of labour charg and paines haue represented this noble art by the waye of Figure the word of Commaund and demonstration hauing once showne one of my three parts to his highnesse your Father it pleased him in your presence to giue mee encouragement to turne my English bookes into Netherdutch In obedience whereof I translated my first part for the exercising of a foote Companie and a troupe of Horse and God willing intend to doe the other two parts in time dedicated it to your highnesse And now the warres of my native Countrie and Jreland which the Almighty compose calling for them againe as I dedicated my first part vnto your highnesse in Dutch so now I most humbly beseech your highnesse that vnder your gracious acceptance and patronage this second Edition maye come againe to the view of the World in my maternall tounge both in these Countries and in England and I shallbe bound not onely to pray vnto God for yow her highnesse Royall your dearest consort to blesse yow being our future Hopes next vnder God hereafter and a sprigg sprung from that noble howse of Nassaw to giue you the like successe and victorie over our Ennemies as he hath done to your predecessours but also to crowne you and her highnesse Royall with everlasting felicity hereafter resting Your highnesses humble and submissiue servant HENRY HEXHAM THE OFFICERS AND DVTIES BELONGING TO A FOOTE COMPAGNIE THROVGH ALL THEIR degrees from a private Souldier to a Captaine as followeth And first Of a Centinell or a private Souldier A Centinell or a private Souldier ought to uuderstand well his duty to come to his squadron or company at seasonable times at the drummes beating or otherwise or when they are to draw in armes and to set the paradoe To be very vigilent and carefull upon his centinell-ship to have as many eyes about him as Argus had suffring no man in the night to passe without crying Qui valá calling his Corporall to take the word un lesse he be cōmanded to come in silently He must also take delight in the
keeping from whence he taketh his name and is as much as if one shold say a Lieutenant is he which holdeth up and supplieth the place of his Captaine or Governour He is also called in the Germane tongue Lieutenampt which is as much to say as having the charge or office over men because that in the absence of his superiour or his captaine his office and quality importeth as much as if the Governour or captaine were present himselfe and therefore Lieutenant being a name rightly imposed upon him he is to take care order governe the company and ought to be honoured obeyed and respected as if the captaine himselfe were present Hence it is also that a King hath his Viceroy a Prince his Administratour a Potentate his Marshall or Chancellour a Lord his steward and a Coronell or Governour his Lieutenant Coronell or Lieutenant Governour A Lieutenant then must be an able and sufficient man capable of his charge and experienced in the warrs understanding the duty of a Captaine because he is to execute it in his absence and to be an ease unto him He is to receive all orders charges commissions from his captaine assuming no authority to himselfe unlesse in the absence of his captaine for it is certaine that every military charge ought to go by order and to bee received from his superiour Commander When it is required hee is to give his captaine wise counsell and to advise and consult with him for the good of the company especially in the time of action and in matters of importance He ought also by his command to appease quarrels between souldier and souldier not to be partiall or favour one man more then another for it is a point of iustice to compose a quarrell and to give satisfaction to the party interressed in so doing hee shall support his command and gaine himselfe reputation But in a matter of importance he ought to acquaint his captaine therewith that he may punish the offender by committing him eitheir to prison or causing him to give satisfaction to the gentleman or souldier wronged and that for the avoiding of blood-shed A Lieutenant also must know how farre his authority extends in the presence of his captaine and that his captaines honour and reputation ought to be as tender and as deare unto him as his owne In his captaines absence he is to governe the company wel to take care that it be duely exercised to command the inferiour officers as the sarjants and corporals to do their duties to make them teach the souldiers the perfect use of their armes that when they shall come to be excercised by his capt or himselfe they may be in a readinesse When his captaine excerciseth his company himselfe his place is then in the Reere of the company to see that the words of command which is given by his captaine in the Front be duely performed and executed by the souldiers in the reare likewise in marching his captaine being present he is to bring up the reere of the company and in his absence to lead it in the Front to the gards and paradoe and to see that every souldier do their duty upon their guards and thus much briefly for a Lieutenant Of a Captaine EVery company hath a Head to wit a Captaine who in the Allmaine tongue is rightly called a Haupiman a head man from the word Haupt which signifieth a Head and from the Latine word caput from whence the name of a Captaine is derived in French English and Dutch For as the Head is the principall member that governes and rules the body and unto which all the other membres are subordinate so likewise the officers souldiers of a company ought to governe and carry themselues according to the charge and command of their Captaine A Captaine then having so honourable a place as to be the chiefe of a company ought to be very capable of his charge and as he ought to carry himselfe with austerity and gravity in the point of his command that he may be obeyed feared and respected of his souldiers so should hee also carry himselfe towards them as a loving kind father seeing they must live and die together in paying them duely in helping and relieving them in their wants nesessities and sicknesses neither must he be giuen to coveteousnesse in keeping back from them that which is their due And as he is to love countenance and to make much of such souldiers of his company as carry themselves bravely and stoutly in the face of their enemy which deserve well seeking by all meanes to advance such it will give encouragement to others to do the like so ought he also to punish vice severely quarrellers and offenders for the good and example of others A Captaine should also be religious loyall to his Prince country that he serves just temperate liberall wise and discreet valliant in the field before the face of his enemy valliant in townes and forts besieged and for his honour never to give consent in yeelding up any place till it be past reliefe that there is no possibility to hold it out any longer A Captaine also ought to instruct informe his souldiers in the point of their duties to traine them up to exercise them well in the use of their armes aswell himselfe as the officers that are under him to see that they readily obey and execute his commands which is the life of warre and one of the principall things required both in a Captaine and a souldier The scale The arming of a pikeman 2 The arming if a muskettier NEXT Followes the Postures of the Pike and Musket represented by figure having the word of command under every of them with briefe observations on the first page answering to the number of every figure THe postures of the Pike may be done either standing or marching In marching as wel as in standing a pike-man may advance shoulder or charge his Pike either to the Front to the Reere to the right or left flanke according to the terme of direction given him by his officer The postures likewise of a muskettier are also done either marching or standing by himselfe or in his squadron company or division A good muskettier that is ready and well made by his officer will fall naturally and gracefully to the doing of his postures and will take delight in handling of his Musket avoyding antique and dancing postures which hertofore haue been taught by some officers but now is grown ridiculous not beseeming and becomming the grave comportment and carriage of a Souldier A Captaine then having a commission given him to raise a company ought to make choise of the taller and abler men for his pikes and of the shorter stronger and well set with good legges for his musketteires yea such as may be able to endure both hardship and labour And thus much as a short preamble by the way before we come to shew the figures