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which_o be_v give_v in_o the_o text_n be_v not_o of_o double_a proportion_n but_o of_o treble_a and_o more_o ten_o comprehend_v three_o three_o time_n and_o more_o of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n chap._n xxxviii_o 1_o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la for_o it_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o have_v two_o front_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o battle_n that_o be_v set_v and_o advance_v against_o the_o enemy_n be_v call_v a_o front_n see_v then_o in_o this_o form_n the_o middlemost_a be_v order_v back_o to_o back_n and_o those_o in_o the_o front_n and_o rear_v make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n the_o one_o be_v commander_n in_o front_n the_o other_o in_o rear_n therefore_o it_o be_v call_v amphistomus_fw-la it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n against_o a_o enemy_n strong_a in_o horse_n and_o able_a to_o give_v a_o hot_a and_o dangerous_a charge_n and_o principal_o practise_v against_o cap._n 38_o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la those_o barbarian_n that_o inhabit_v about_o the_o river_n ister_n who_o they_o also_o call_v amphippi_n because_o they_o change_v their_o horse_n in_o fight_n the_o horse_n battle_n to_o encounter_v this_o form_n have_v a_o tetragonall_a shape_n be_v for_o the_o purpose_n divide_v into_o two_o broad_a square_n they_o be_v call_v broad_a square_n that_o have_v the_o front_n twice_o as_o much_o as_o the_o depth_n and_o those_o square_n be_v oppose_v several_o against_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o foot-battaile_n note_n 1_o there_o be_v many_o kind_n of_o battle_n which_o be_v useful_a for_o a_o march_n be_v describe_v partly_o in_o the_o former_a two_o chapter_n partly_o in_o this_o and_o in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v whereof_o some_o be_v for_o ease_v of_o the_o march_n as_o the_o induction_n some_o for_o fight_n those_o which_o be_v for_o fight_v be_v either_o offensive_a or_o else_o defensive_a of_o the_o offensive_a kind_n be_v the_o caelembolos_fw-la before_o mention_v of_o the_o defensive_a the_o triphalange_n to_o be_v oppose_v 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these_o word_n in_o aelian_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d they_o in_o the_o beginning_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d charge_v the_o enemy_n which_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o have_v not_o read_v apply_v to_o the_o flank_n and_o therefore_o take_v it_o for_o front_n and_o rear_v because_o the_o one_o namely_o the_o front_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o other_o viz._n the_o rear_n be_v the_o end_n in_o which_o sense_n if_o you_o take_v the_o word_n the_o description_n must_v needs_o agree_v with_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la which_o the_o enemy_n charge_v both_o front_n and_o rear_v with_o the_o fileleader_n and_o their_o half_a file_n as_o they_o stand_v receive_v those_o that_o charge_v the_o front_n with_o the_o brnigers-up_a and_o the_o other_o half_a file_n face_v about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n those_o which_o
darter_n run_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a army_n according_a to_o their_o custom_n throw_v many_o and_o forcible_a dart_n at_o the_o celte_n the_o celte_n of_o the_o rear_n find_v good_a use_n of_o their_o coat_n and_o breech_n but_o those_o that_o fight_v naked_a in_o the_o front_n this_o accident_n happen_v contrary_a to_o their_o expectation_n be_v trouble_v out_o of_o measure_n and_o wonderful_o perplex_v for_o the_o gaulish_a target_n be_v not_o of_o sufficiency_n to_o cover_v a_o man_n body_n the_o great_a and_o naked_a their_o body_n be_v the_o more_o be_v they_o subject_a to_o wound_n and_o the_o less_o the_o weapon_n miss_v the_o mark_n at_o the_o last_o be_v not_o able_a to_o save_v themselves_o from_o the_o lightarmed_n who_o ply_v they_o a_o far_o off_o nor_o from_o the_o multitude_n of_o dart_n that_o fall_v among_o they_o and_o be_v trouble_v and_o confuse_a with_o their_o present_a state_n some_o of_o they_o out_o of_o a_o rage_n and_o brutishness_n run_v vain_o upon_o 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use_v in_o the_o whole_a entire_a motion_n battle_n or_o in_o the_o part_n thereof_o aelian_n give_v word_n of_o direction_n for_o the_o whole_a battle_n only_o and_o they_o be_v these_o wheel_v the_o body_n to_o the_o pike_n or_o to_o the_o target_n when_o the_o battle_n be_v to_o wheel_n to_o the_o pike_n or_o right_a hand_n the_o right_a hand_n corner_n file-leader_n be_v only_o to_o turn_v his_o body_n by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o the_o right_a hand_n face_v even_o with_o the_o rank_n of_o fileleader_n till_o such_o time_n as_o he_o have_v gain_v the_o right_a hand_n aspect_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o move_v about_o he_o make_v he_o the_o center_n as_o it_o be_v of_o their_o circle_a motion_n if_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o left_a hand_n corner_n file_v leader_n be_v to_o do_v the_o like_a the_o same_o order_n be_v of_o wheelin_n the_o battle_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n aelian_n as_o i_o â—aiâ—_n give_v here_o no_o other_o word_n of_o command_n then_o for_o the_o wheel_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n yet_o be_v the_o wheeling_n of_o the_o part_n of_o great_a use_n for_o either_o the_o flank_n be_v wheel_v into_o the_o front_n or_o the_o front_n into_o the_o flank_n the_o front_n be_v wheel_v into_o the_o flank_n when_o we_o desire_v to_o form_v the_o antistomus_n phalange_n to_o resist_v the_o enemy_n give_v on_o both_o flank_n and_o then_o the_o two_o middlemost_a bringer_n up_o be_v to_o stand_v and_o the_o middle_a fileleader_n to_o divine_v themselves_o and_o to_o move_v half_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o right_n half_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n make_v those_o two_o bringer_n up_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o motion_n in_o this_o the_o word_n be_v wheel_v the_o front_n into_o flank_n by_o division_n if_o the_o flank_n be_v to_o be_v wheel_v into_o the_o front_n the_o two_o middle_a fileleader_n be_v to_o stand_v still_o and_o the_o two_o half_a body_n to_o move_v about_o they_o one_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o other_o to_o the_o left_a till_o the_o two_o flank_n be_v in_o the_o front_n and_o the_o front_n in_o the_o midst_n this_o kind_n be_v practise_v when_o we_o will_v frame_v the_o diphalange_n antistomus_n the_o word_n be_v wheel_v the_o flank_n into_o the_o front_n it_o be_v to_o be_v remember_v that_o after_o every_o motion_n a_o restitution_n to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v to_o be_v command_v in_o these_o word_n as_o you_o be_v in_o face_v you_o be_v to_o return_v to_o the_o contrary_a hand_n as_o if_o the_o command_n be_v to_o face_n to_o the_o right_n in_o return_v you_o come_v to_o the_o left_a in_o double_v you_o must_v do_v the_o like_a in_o countermarch_n likewise_o whether_o you_o countermarch_n the_o whole_a body_n or_o the_o parcel_n thereof_o you_o be_v to_o return_v by_o the_o contrary_a hand_n after_o
from_o who_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o enomoty_n have_v it_o this_o be_v then_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o grecian_n how_o the_o roman_n do_v deliver_v ouâ—_n their_o word_n you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o six_o book_n of_o 5._o polybius_n but_o because_o it_o pertain_v not_o to_o aelian_n who_o intreat_v of_o the_o grecian_a discipline_n alone_o i_o remit_v the_o reader_n to_o my_o marginal_a quotation_n the_o sign_n be_v then_o deliver_v from_o the_o superior_a officer_n to_o the_o inferior_a and_o from_o they_o to_o the_o soldier_n the_o kind_n of_o sign_n that_o be_v deliver_v be_v reckon_v up_o in_o this_o chapter_n be_v in_o number_n two_o for_o they_o be_v present_v either_o to_o the_o ear_n or_o to_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o ear_n as_o all_o sound_n whether_o man_n voice_n or_o trumpet_n or_o other_o instrument_n of_o war_n which_o be_v present_v for_o direction_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o army_n to_o the_o eye_n as_o all_o mute_a sign_n so_o they_o be_v call_v which_o have_v no_o sound_n which_o be_v set_v up_o to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o soldier_n for_o direction_n likewise_o both_o of_o these_o kind_n be_v either_o ordinary_a or_o extraordinary_a ordinary_a which_o have_v daily_o use_v in_o the_o army_n as_o the_o trumpet_n ensign_n and_o such_o like_a as_o serve_v for_o ordinary_a direction_n extraordinary_a which_o be_v bring_v in_o as_o occasion_n be_v offer_v of_o muta_fw-la new_a command_n beside_o some_o be_v deliver_v open_o as_o the_o vocal_a semivocall_a and_o mute_a sign_n which_o by_o proclamation_n sound_v of_o instrument_n or_o representation_n be_v set_v forth_o to_o the_o whole_a army_n at_o once_o some_o privy_o as_o the_o word_n and_o such_o like_a which_o pass_v secret_o from_o one_o to_o another_o and_o be_v receive_v private_o in_o the_o ear_n this_o variety_n be_v invent_v that_o in_o case_n one_o kind_n fail_v or_o will_v not_o serve_v another_o might_n as_o i_o have_v note_v before_o out_o of_o suidas_n upon_o the_o nine_o chapter_n and_o as_o aelian_n teach_v in_o this_o chapter_n the_o end_n of_o sign_n be_v two_o one_o to_o order_n and_o direct_v our_o own_o force_n the_o other_o to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o enemy_n because_o i_o have_v before_o speak_v of_o the_o diversity_n of_o vocal_a and_o mute_a sign_n it_o vocalia_fw-la shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o here_o to_o show_v the_o use_n of_o they_o both_o by_o example_n and_o this_o be_v first_o to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o grecian_n in_o govern_v their_o troop_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v retain_v the_o use_n of_o the_o voice_n in_o public_a direction_n they_o use_v the_o voice_n of_o the_o crier_n i_o have_v before_o note_v it_o upon_o the_o 9_o chapt._n if_o the_o command_n require_v secrecy_n the_o general_n give_v it_o to_o his_o chief_a commander_n secret_o by_o word_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v the_o sign_n deliver_v to_o discern_v enemy_n from_o his_o own_o soldier_n in_o a_o battle_n to_o be_v fight_v â—_o xenophon_n write_v that_o at_o such_o time_n as_o cyrus_n the_o young_a and_o artaxerxes_n be_v to_o join_v battle_n cyrus_n sit_v on_o horseback_n a_o pretty_a distance_n from_o the_o grecian_a troop_n hear_v a_o murmur_a noise_n run_v along_o through_o their_o whole_a battle_n and_o ask_v xenophon_n who_o be_v then_o present_a with_o he_o what_o noise_n it_o may_v be_v and_o what_o it_o mean_v xenophon_n tell_v he_o that_o the_o word_n be_v now_o give_v the_o second_o time_n he_o wonder_v who_o have_v reveal_v the_o word_n to_o the_o enemy_n desire_v to_o know_v what_o the_o new_a word_n be_v xenophon_n answer_v it_o be_v jupiter_n the_o saviour_n and_o victory_n which_o cyrus_n hear_v i_o accept_v it_o say_v he_o and_o let_v it_o be_v so_o the_o murmur_n here_o mention_v arise_v out_o of_o the_o deliver_v of_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o battle_n which_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o inferior_a officer_n by_o clearchus_n the_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o grecian_n and_o the_o officer_n communicate_v it_o to_o the_o soldier_n and_o the_o soldier_n one_o to_o another_o go_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o phalange_n with_o a_o soft_a and_o still_a noise_n of_o they_o that_o whisper_v it_o in_o the_o ear_n of_o their_o companion_n xenophon_n have_v here_o set_v down_o that_o the_o word_n be_v jupiter_n the_o saviour_n and_o victory_n in_o â—_o another_o place_n he_o have_v jupiter_n the_o saviour_n and_o hercules_n the_o guide_n for_o the_o sign_n to_o know_v who_o be_v a_o enemy_n who_o a_o friend_n the_o soldier_n meet_v one_o another_o demand_v the_o sign_n if_o they_o deliver_v the_o word_n give_v by_o the_o general_n they_o hold_v they_o for_o friend_n if_o otherwise_o for_o enemy_n â—_o polyen_n tell_v of_o one_o acue_v a_o arcadian_a general_n who_o command_v his_o soldier_n to_o kill_v he_o whosoever_o he_o be_v that_o shall_v ask_v the_o word_n so_o that_o he_o make_v the_o voice_n of_o the_o enemy_n serve_v for_o the_o word_n to_o his_o own_o soldier_n this_o sign_n be_v change_v in_o every_o battle_n lest_o if_o still_o the_o same_o sign_n be_v use_v the_o enemy_n may_v happy_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o and_o so_o be_v take_v for_o friend_n under_o colour_n whereof_o much_o treason_n may_v be_v wrought_v not_o much_o unlike_o the_o sign_n give_v in_o a_o battle_n to_o be_v fight_v be_v the_o watchword_n by_o night_n which_o be_v usual_o deliver_v to_o the_o first_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n and_o by_o they_o derive_v to_o the_o rest_n and_o so_o bring_v down_o to_o the_o soldier_n and_o be_v no_o less_o observe_v in_o a_o city_n then_o in_o the_o camp_n in_o both_o which_o the_o same_o form_n of_o watch_v be_v hold_v save_o that_o in_o a_o camp_n there_o be_v sentinel_n per_fw-mi due_a as_o we_o term_v they_o at_o this_o day_n the_o grecian_n call_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d who_o stand_v and_o watch_v without_o the_o trench_n of_o the_o camp_n whereas_o the_o city_n for_o the_o most_o part_n have_v sentinel_n watch_v only_o upon_o the_o wall_n or_o marketplace_n or_o other_o piece_n of_o strength_n give_v to_o and_o receive_v the_o word_n from_o the_o rounder_n and_o as_o the_o sign_n of_o battle_n vary_v upon_o occasion_n as_o the_o last_o example_n spesify_v so_o the_o watchword_n be_v often_o change_v for_o fear_v they_o may_v come_v to_o the_o notice_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o the_o enemy_n have_v the_o watchword_n may_v nourish_v spy_n in_o our_o camp_n or_o city_n and_o have_v certain_a intelligence_n of_o all_o that_o pass_v there_o as_o be_v take_v for_o friend_n because_o they_o carry_v the_o mark_n and_o token_n of_o friend_n and_o they_o be_v change_v not_o only_o at_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o watch_n which_o time_n be_v the_o usual_a moment_n of_o vary_v the_o word_n but_o oftentimes_o after_o the_o same_o night_n for_o fear_v that_o a_o sentinel_n may_v be_v snatch_v up_o without_o the_o camp_n by_o a_o enemy_n or_o else_o because_o of_o treason_n within_o in_o reveal_v the_o word_n to_o the_o enemy_n oftentimes_o also_o they_o give_v a_o 〈◊〉_d double_a word_n one_o to_o the_o sentinel_n another_o to_o the_o round_a and_o 5â—6_n sometime_o add_v a_o 25._o mute_a sign_n to_o the_o word_n which_o kind_n they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o it_o be_v a_o by-signe_n and_o these_o be_v all_o the_o secret_a sign_n by_o word_n which_o i_o find_v in_o the_o grecian_a practice_n for_o the_o other_o word_n as_o the_o exhortation_n of_o the_o general_n to_o the_o army_n and_o the_o word_n of_o train_v deliver_v by_o the_o crier_n to_o the_o soldier_n for_o every_o company_n have_v a_o crier_n because_o his_o voice_n be_v strong_a and_o loud_a than_o the_o captain_n they_o neither_o be_v secret_a and_o seem_v rather_o to_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o command_n than_o sign_n the_o single_a word_n of_o battle_n and_o watch_n i_o find_v to_o be_v call_v by_o no_o other_o name_n then_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d if_o it_o be_v a_o double_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d if_o a_o mute_a sign_n be_v join_v to_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o voice_n then_o of_o a_o man_n be_v use_v for_o a_o sign_n either_o when_o secrecy_n be_v require_v or_o else_o where_o the_o crier_n may_v be_v hear_v in_o discharge_v his_o duty_n by_o proclamation_n because_o it_o be_v weak_a and_o can_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o hear_n of_o this_o whole_a army_n and_o many_o thing_n require_v for_o public_a and_o quick_a direction_n instrument_n of_o sound_n be_v bring_v in_o vegetius_n say_v very_o well_o because_o a_o semivocalia_n multitude_n can_v be_v govern_v by_o voice_n alone_o in_o the_o tumult_n of_o fight_n and_o because_o many_o thing_n be_v to_o
charge_v the_o rear_n but_o since_o upon_o better_a consideration_n i_o think_v there_o be_v a_o fault_n in_o the_o text_n and_o where_o it_o be_v write_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o shall_v be_v correct_v and_o write_v as_o i_o take_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n 10._o julius_n pollux_n testify_v in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o forepart_n of_o those_o that_o fight_n be_v call_v the_o front_n the_o rank_n and_o the_o face_n the_o outward_a part_n on_o each_o side_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o flank_n the_o wing_n the_o right_a and_o the_o left_a the_o midst_n the_o navel_n f._n the_o depth_n the_o parget_n or_o wall_n the_o like_a do_v 89._o leo_n in_o many_o place_n and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o plural_a number_n be_v general_o take_v for_o the_o flank_n albeit_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o singular_a number_n i_o deny_v not_o to_o be_v use_v for_o the_o rear_n sometime_o as_o in_o 〈◊〉_d xenophon_n who_o describe_v a_o fight_n betwixt_o the_o corcyreians_n and_o lacedaemonian_n have_v thus_o mnasippus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a general_n embattail_v his_o army_n put_v the_o enemy_n that_o be_v near_o the_o gate_n to_o flight_n and_o follow_v the_o chaâ—â—_n they_o be_v come_v near_o the_o wall_n turn_v again_o and_o throw_v and_o cast_v dart_n from_o the_o mountain_n other_o run_v out_o of_o the_o other_o gate_n in_o good_a number_n fall_v upon_o the_o 〈◊〉_d rear_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o be_v order_v but_o 〈◊〉_d 8_o deep_a and_o think_v the_o 〈◊〉_d rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n to_o be_v but_o weak_a endeavour_v to_o retire_v and_o fall_v off_o the_o enemy_n no_o soon_o see_v they_o give_v ground_n but_o present_o fall_v on_o more_o eager_o imagine_v they_o flee_v neither_o do_v they_o turn_v their_o face_n any_o more_o and_o they_o who_o stand_v next_o unto_o they_o soughe_n with_o all_o speed_n to_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n mnasippus_n can_v give_v no_o aid_n to_o his_o distress_a soldier_n by_o reason_n he_o be_v hardly_o lay_v to_o by_o the_o corcireans_n that_o come_v to_o hand_n with_o he_o and_o his_o number_n by_o little_a and_o little_o decrease_v at_o last_o the_o enemy_n in_o great_a number_n press_v they_o sore_o that_o stand_v about_o mnasippus_n who_o be_v now_o reduce_v to_o a_o very_a few_o and_o the_o arm_a foot_n of_o the_o city_n see_v what_o be_v do_v abroad_o issue_v out_o and_o after_o they_o have_v slay_v mnasippus_n they_o follow_v the_o chase_n all_o of_o they_o together_o thus_o 693._o xenophon_n and_o thus_o you_o may_v see_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o singular_a number_n take_v for_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n howsover_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o plural_a signify_v the_o flank_n the_o antistomus_n phalange_n therefore_o differ_v from_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la in_o this_o only_a because_o the_o last_o maintain_v fight_v in_o front_n and_o rear_v the_o first_o in_o both_o flank_n and_o aelian_a in_o this_o chapter_n describe_v the_o battle_n which_o maintain_v the_o fight_n 7._o in_o the_o flank_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o inscription_n ought_v to_o be_v of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n and_o that_o the_o text_n ought_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v after_o a_o sort_n appear_v by_o aelian_n himself_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n where_o make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o battle_n he_o say_v plain_o that_o the_o antistomus_n fight_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d read_v then_o in_o the_o text_n those_o in_o the_o flank_n make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n in_o stead_n of_o these_o word_n those_o in_o front_n and_o rear_v and_o all_o the_o rest_n will_v agree_v to_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n 3._o it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n the_o use_n of_o this_o battle_n be_v 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caelembolos_fw-la reserve_v the_o three_o for_o all_o accident_n so_o this_o square_n divide_v itself_o into_o two_o phalanges_fw-la but_o have_v no_o third_n set_v the_o one_o against_o the_o right-hand_a battle_n of_o the_o peristomus_fw-la the_o other_o against_o the_o left_a for_o by_o this_o opposition_n they_o inhibit_v the_o enemy_n from_o attach_n their_o flank_n of_o this_o form_n i_o find_v not_o many_o precedent_n in_o the_o greek_a history_n i_o will_v receit_n only_o 609._o one_o out_o of_o arrian_n concern_v alexander_n which_o if_o it_o hit_v not_o this_o form_n in_o every_o point_n yet_o it_o have_v full_o the_o effect_n of_o that_o which_o be_v intend_v by_o aelian_n alexander_n be_v to_o deliver_v battle_n to_o porus_n a_o king_n of_o part_n of_o india_n lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n hydaspes_n find_v his_o enemy_n army_n to_o be_v thus_o embattle_v he_o have_v place_v his_o elephant_n in_o the_o front_n 100_o foot_n distant_a one_o from_o 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it_o be_v therefore_o call_v homoiostomus_n because_o they_o that_o follow_v follow_v in_o a_o like_a figure_n 3_o this_o kind_n be_v oppose_v against_o the_o plinthium_fw-la 4_o plinthium_fw-la be_v a_o form_n of_o battle_n that_o have_v the_o side_n equal_a both_o in_o figure_n and_o number_n in_o figure_n because_o the_o distance_n be_v every_o where_o equal_a in_o number_n because_o there_o be_v as_o many_o man_n in_o length_n as_o in_o depth_n 5_o in_o this_o fouresided_n battle_n be_v none_o in_o the_o four_o side_n but_o arm_v without_o archer_n or_o slinger_n to_o help_v when_o therefore_o two_o phalanges_fw-la march_n together_o and_o both_o have_v their_o leader_n in_o a_o right-hand_a or_o left-handed_a deduction_n it_o be_v call_v a_o diphalange_n homoiostomus_n note_n 1_o homoiostomus_fw-la be_v a_o diphalange_n the_o battle_n whereof_o have_v like_o front_n to_o this_o form_n be_v incident_a first_o that_o it_o be_v march_v then_o that_o it_o march_v in_o deduction_n last_o that_o the_o deduction_n be_v upon_o one_o and_o the_o self_n and_o not_o upon_o contrary_a side_n viz._n that_o the_o fileleader_n of_o the_o phalanges_fw-la be_v all_o of_o they_o either_o upon_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o upon_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o their_o phalanges_fw-la and_o therefore_o suidas_n define_v it_o to_o be_v a_o diphalange_n which_o have_v the_o leader_n of_o either_o phalange_n order_v in_o the_o same_o side_n of_o the_o march_n where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o leader_n be_v order_v on_o the_o same_o side_n in_o both_o phalanges_fw-la which_o word_n be_v likewise_o in_o aelian_a in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chapter_n we_o must_v understand_v noâ—_n the_o leader_n of_o the_o march_n but_o the_o fileleader_n who_o be_v also_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o leader_n 〈◊〉_d for_o as_o aelian_n say_v elsewhere_o the_o march_n in_o a_o deduction_n proceed_v in_o wing_n not_o by_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n so_o that_o the_o fileleader_n be_v in_o the_o 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to_o charge_v he_o in_o front_n and_o on_o both_o flank_n at_o one_o time_n but_o the_o convexe_n half_a moon_n avoid_v that_o danger_n meet_v the_o enemy_n with_o the_o bear_n out_o of_o the_o half_a circle_n and_o give_v the_o two_o wing_n of_o the_o epicampios_fw-la enough_o to_o do_v be_v not_o to_o be_v annoy_v with_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o hollowness_n which_o remain_v a_o pretty_a distance_n more_o backward_o than_o the_o point_n of_o the_o wing_n so_o that_o this_o form_n be_v fit_a to_o be_v oppose_v against_o the_o epicampios_fw-la and_o lose_v no_o advantage_n of_o embattail_v and_o it_o avoid_v the_o peril_n of_o the_o hollow_a front_n by_o not_o enter_v and_o yet_o maintain_v the_o fight_n against_o the_o two_o wing_n that_o be_v thruâ—_n out_o to_o encompass_v be_v of_o sufficient_a strength_n to_o encounter_v the_o epicampios_fw-la either_o of_o they_o not_o dissolve_v their_o form_n or_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o epicampios_fw-la retire_v as_o 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be_v wont_a to_o offend_v in_o that_o kind_n i_o have_v before_o entreat_v of_o sign_n and_o show_v that_o in_o the_o observe_n of_o direction_n consist_v the_o great_a help_n of_o victory_n in_o neglect_v they_o the_o chief_a mean_n to_o take_v a_o overthrow_n and_o be_v defeat_v for_o as_o direction_n be_v execute_v give_v life_n unto_o warlike_a action_n to_o effect_v that_o which_o the_o commander_n desire_v so_o whatsoever_o hinder_v the_o receive_n of_o direction_n must_v needs_o cross_v the_o design_n of_o the_o commander_n and_o by_o consequence_n frustrate_a and_o disannul_v that_o which_o be_v think_v by_o he_o most_o fit_a to_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n either_o for_o the_o good_a order_n or_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o army_n or_o else_o for_o the_o gain_v of_o victory_n a_o man_n that_o be_v not_o attentive_a can_v mark_v the_o command_n deliver_v nor_o can_v he_o be_v attentive_a that_o while_o it_o be_v deliver_v busy_v his_o head_n with_o other_o thought_n or_o else_o entertain_v his_o next_o stander_n by_o with_o talk_n a_o mean_n to_o divert_v aswell_o the_o speaker_n as_o the_o hearer_n from_o that_o heed_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v give_v to_o direction_n in_o asmuch_o as_o no_o man_n have_v the_o ability_n to_o hear_v another_o man_n speech_n and_o himself_o take_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n or_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o discern_v two_o man_n several_a speech_n which_o be_v deliver_v together_o all_o general_n have_v hold_v silence_n a_o principal_a point_n of_o warlike_a discipline_n and_o therefore_o in_o command_n they_o make_v it_o the_o first_o leos_n precept_n be_v this_o when_o the_o troop_n be_v draw_v together_o and_o order_v for_o exercise_n let_v the_o crier_n â—â—â—_o for_o every_o company_n have_v then_o a_o crier_n give_v these_o
direction_n do_v what_o you_o be_v command_v with_o silence_n keep_v your_o place_n every_o man_n follow_v your_o colour_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o write_v thus_o when_o your_o army_n go_v out_o to_o join_v with_o the_o enemy_n 63._o there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o deep_a silence_n for_o that_o both_o preserve_v the_o army_n from_o disorder_n and_o also_o make_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o commander_n to_o be_v hear_v with_o more_o attention_n and_o again_o thus_o there_o aught_o to_o be_v as_o much_o silence_n as_o may_v be_v in_o the_o army_n and_o if_o 79._o the_o bringer_n up_o of_o any_o file_n hear_v but_o a_o whisper_n of_o their_o fellow_n in_o the_o file_n they_o be_v to_o prick_v the_o party_n with_o the_o point_n of_o their_o pike_n and_o so_o to_o redress_v the_o fault_n d._n alexander_n when_o he_o be_v return_v from_o the_o country_n of_o the_o taulantian_o into_o which_o he_o have_v make_v a_o inroad_n find_v his_o way_n beset_v with_o enemy_n and_o be_v to_o cast_v his_o army_n into_o a_o form_n of_o battle_n to_o fight_v he_o first_o command_v â—_o a_o absolute_a silence_n and_o then_o proceed_v to_o other_o direction_n and_o for_o the_o effect_n of_o silence_n our_o own_o story_n have_v a_o memorable_a example_n of_o the_o army_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o in_o barnet_n field_n as_o for_o the_o silence_n here_o prescribe_v by_o aelian_n it_o extend_v not_o only_o to_o exercise_v and_o fight_v but_o oftentimes_o to_o the_o march_v of_o a_o army_n and_o to_o the_o camp_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o last_o example_n and_o by_o leos_n precept_n in_o his_o eleven_o 2d_o chapter_n and_o yet_o this_o precept_n of_o silence_n be_v not_o inviolable_o to_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o army_n at_o all_o time_n for_o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o the_o soldier_n ought_v to_o give_v a_o general_a shout_n and_o cry_v through_o the_o whole_a army_n to_o the_o end_n to_o terrify_v the_o adverse_a battle_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o that_o time_n have_v always_o be_v choose_v and_o by_o all_o nation_n observe_v when_o the_o fight_n be_v present_o to_o be_v undergo_v i_o need_v not_o bring_v instance_n thereof_o every_o man_n know_v it_o that_o be_v although_o but_o mean_o acquaint_v with_o history_n it_o be_v term_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o latin_a clamour_n in_o english_a a_o shout_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n the_o which_o be_v perform_v silence_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v in_o as_o strict_a manner_n a_o before_o and_o thus_o much_o of_o silence_n now_o follow_v the_o word_n of_o direction_n in_o aelians_n last_o chapter_n of_o the_o word_n of_o direction_n chap._n liiii_o thus_o then_o be_v we_o to_o command_v 1_o to_o your_o arm_n 2_o carriage_n away_o from_o the_o battle_n 3_o be_v silent_a and_o mark_v your_o direction_n 4_o take_v up_o your_o arm_n 5_o separate_a yourselves_o 6_o advance_v your_o pike_n 7_o file_n yourselves_o 8_o rank_n yourselves_o 9_o look_v to_o your_o leader_n 10_o reare-commander_n strengthen_v your_o file_n 11_o keep_v your_o first_o distance_n 12_o face_n to_o the_o pike_n move_v a_o little_a further_o stand_v so_o 13_o as_o you_o be_v 14_o face_n to_o the_o target_n move_v a_o little_a further_o stand_v so_o 15_o as_o you_o be_v 16_o face_n about_o to_o the_o pike_n 17_o as_o you_o be_v 18_o double_v your_o depth_n 19_o to_o your_o first_o posture_n 20_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v 21_o to_o your_o first_o posture_n 22_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v 23_o to_o your_o first_o posture_n 24_o the_o choraean_a countermarch_v 25_o to_o your_o first_o posture_n the_o precept_n of_o the_o art_n tactic_n have_v i_o deliver_v unto_o you_o most_o invincible_a caesar_n which_o i_o make_v no_o doubt_n will_v bring_v to_o the_o practice_n safety_n and_o victory_n over_o his_o enemy_n note_n these_o word_n of_o direction_n here_o set_v down_o be_v rather_o to_o show_v the_o manner_n of_o command_n then_o to_o express_v the_o just_a number_n of_o direction_n 88_o use_v in_o exercise_n yet_o do_v leo_n the_o emperor_n transcribe_v some_o of_o they_o albeit_o not_o all_o out_o of_o aelian_n and_o the_o last_o in_o leo_n have_v a_o mixture_n of_o two_o motion_n in_o one_o direction_n be_v deliver_v in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v in_o latin_a translate_v by_o sir_n john_n check_v laconicum_n ad_fw-la hasta_fw-la 〈…〉_z trivolue_v and_o may_v be_v thus_o english_v wheel_n thrice_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n wherein_o there_o be_v both_o wheel_a and_o the_o lace_n emonian_n countermarch_v command_v at_o once_o a_o thing_n impossible_a to_o be_v perform_v for_o as_o in_o wheel_v the_o whole_a battle_n remain_v entire_a and_o move_v circlewise_o about_o the_o right_a ot_fw-mi left_a corner_n fileleader_n as_o about_o a_o centre_n so_o in_o a_o countermarch_v lacedaemonian_a it_o be_v break_v and_o begin_v to_o move_v by_o several_a rank_n and_o continue_v the_o motion_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n from_o the_o front_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o not_o in_o a_o circle_n but_o for_o the_o precept_n of_o aelian_n i_o purpose_v to_o explain_v only_o such_o as_o be_v use_v by_o the_o soldier_n and_o commander_n of_o our_o time_n and_o after_o take_v of_o arm_n i_o hold_v this_o to_o be_v the_o first_o at_o lest_o when_o we_o begin_v to_o move_v 6_o advance_v your_o pike_n pike_n in_o order_v of_o a_o battle_n must_v be_v first_o advance_v before_o any_o motion_n can_v be_v perform_v in_o as_o much_o as_o all_o other_o posture_n of_o the_o pike_n do_v hinder_v or_o else_o be_v unfit_a for_o transmutation_n and_o variety_n of_o change_n and_o from_o advane_v the_o rest_n of_o pike-posture_n do_v spring_n order_v of_o the_o pike_n be_v devise_v to_o ease_v the_o soldier_n stand_v still_o shoulder_v to_o ease_v he_o in_o match_v advance_v to_o give_v facility_n to_o the_o other_o posture_n and_o to_o finish_v they_o because_o they_o both_o begin_v and_o end_v in_o it_o 7_o &_o 8._o file_n and_o rank_n yourselves_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o note_v that_o no_o battle_n can_v be_v without_o file_v and_o rank_v this_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o captain_n be_v to_o see_v whether_o the_o soldier_n be_v file_v and_o rank_v but_o the_o action_n itself_o pertain_v to_o the_o soldier_n who_o know_v their_o file_n and_o rank_n be_v every_o man_n to_o take_v their_o place_n according_o for_o so_o ought_v it_o to_o be_v in_o true_a discipline_n of_o war_n 9_o look_v to_o your_o leader_n the_o file-leader_n be_v the_o life_n and_o giver_n of_o form_n unto_o the_o file_n he_o be_v the_o life_n in_o that_o he_o move_v first_o and_o draw_v the_o rest_n unto_o the_o same_o motion_n he_o give_v the_o form_n unto_o it_o because_o it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o right_a line_n his_o stand_n be_v the_o first_o point_n direct_v the_o rest_n to_o follow_v lineal_o one_o after_o another_o in_o this_o precept_n therefore_o look_v to_o your_o leader_n two_o thing_n be_v command_v one_o that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o file_n shall_v observe_v to_o move_v and_o stand_v still_o as_o he_o do_v the_o other_o that_o they_o shall_v maintain_v a_o straightness_n and_o rightnesse_n in_o length_n which_o be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o file_n 10_o reare-commander_n order_v your_o file_n 2d_o in_o the_o greek_a edition_n of_o aelian_n be_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v file-leader_n but_o in_o a_o manuscript_n which_o i_o have_v see_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o bringer_n up_o or_o reare-commander_n and_o so_o be_v it_o read_v in_o leos_n tactic_n and_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o true_a read_n 88_o this_o command_n rather_o appertain_v to_o the_o reare-commander_n then_o to_o the_o file-leader_n for_o the_o file-leader_n be_v the_o foremost_a of_o the_o file_n and_o bear_v his_o face_n out_o of_o the_o front_n how_o can_v he_o see_v whether_o the_o file_n that_o be_v behind_o he_o be_v in_o right_a order_n or_o not_o the_o bringer-up_a have_v his_o face_n towards_o the_o whole_a file_n as_o it_o stand_v out_o before_o he_o and_o therefore_o may_v easy_o discern_v if_o any_o man_n be_v in_o disorder_n and_o reform_v they_o that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o disorder_n in_o which_o respect_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o he_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o command_n than_o the_o file-leader_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o i_o have_v translate_v the_o word_n of_o direction_n as_o before_o reare-commander_n order_n your_o file_n 11_o keep_v your_o first_o distance_n that_o be_v stand_v in_o your_o open_a order_n for_o in_o that_o distance_n be_v the_o exercise_n first_o legunne_v it_o be_v a_o seemly_a thing_n to_o see_v a_o even_a proportion_n observe_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o
wheel_v there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o face_n to_o the_o same_o hand_n first_o before_o you_o return_v and_o then_o a_o return_v the_o contrary_a way_n about_o the_o same_o corner_n file-leader_n about_o who_o the_o motion_n be_v first_o make_v this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o wheel_v the_o whole_a body_n in_o wheel_v the_o front_n into_o the_o flank_n after_o wheel_v perform_v the_o body_n before_o return_v be_v to_o face_n to_o the_o commander_n then_o to_o return_v about_o the_o same_o bringer_n up_o till_o all_o come_v to_o be_v as_o they_o be_v in_o wheel_v the_o flank_n into_o the_o front_n after_o the_o wheel_a be_v make_v the_o body_n be_v to_o face_n likewise_o to_o the_o commander_n then_o face_v about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n to_o return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n about_o the_o two_o middle_a fileleader_n as_o about_o their_o centre_n hic_fw-la cestus_fw-la artemque_fw-la repone_fw-la finis_fw-la the_o content_n of_o the_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n the_o deep_a phalange_n or_o hearse_n and_o the_o un-even_a fronted-phalange_a chapter_n 30_o parembole_n protaxis_fw-la epitaxis_fw-la prostaxis_fw-la entaxis_fw-la and_o hypotaxis_fw-la chap._n 31_o the_o use_n and_o advantage_n of_o these_o exercise_n of_o arm_n chap._n 34_o of_o the_o sign_n of_o direction_n which_o be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o army_n and_o of_o their_o several_a kind_n chap._n 35_o of_o march_v and_o of_o the_o diverse_a kind_n of_o battle_n fit_a for_o a_o march_n and_o first_o of_o the_o right_a induction_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la and_o of_o the_o triphalange_n to_o be_v oppose_v against_o it_o chap._n 36_o of_o the_o paragoge_n or_o deduction_n chap._n 37_o of_o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la chap._n 38_o of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n chap._n 39_o of_o the_o diphalange_n antistomus_n chap._n 40_o of_o the_o peristomus_fw-la diphalange_n chap._n 41_o of_o the_o diphalange_n homoiostomus_fw-la and_o of_o the_o plinthium_fw-la chap._n 42_o of_o the_o diphalange_n heterostomus_fw-la chap._n 43_o of_o the_o horse_n rhombe_n and_o of_o the_o foot-halfe-moone_n to_o encounter_v it_o chap._n 44_o of_o the_o horsebattaile_n heteromeke_v and_o the_o plagiophalange_n to_o be_v oppose_v against_o it_o chap._n 45_o of_o another_o kind_n of_o rhombe_n for_o horseman_n and_o of_o the_o foot-battaile_n call_v epicampios_fw-la emprosthia_n to_o encounter_v it_o chap._n 46_o of_o the_o foot-battaile_n call_v cyrte_n which_o be_v to_o be_v set_v against_o the_o epicampios_fw-la chap._n 47_o of_o the_o tetragonall_a horsebattaile_n and_o of_o the_o wedge_n of_o foot_n to_o be_v oppose_v against_o it_o chap._n 48_o of_o the_o foot-battaile_n call_v plesium_n and_o of_o the_o wind_v or_o saw-fronted_n battle_n to_o encounter_v it_o chap._n 49_o of_o the_o hyperphalangesis_n and_o hyperkerasis_n and_o of_o attenuation_n chap._n 50_o of_o convey_v the_o carriage_n of_o the_o army_n chap._n 51_o of_o the_o word_n of_o command_n and_o certain_a observation_n about_o they_o chap._n 52_o of_o the_o word_n of_o direction_n chap._n 54_o finis_fw-la finis_fw-la battle_n battle_n cap._n 1â—_n arr._n l._n â—_o 4._o c._n â—_o 9_o §_o 72_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o §_o 77._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 4._o phalange_n macedonian_a consist_v of_o 1634._o pikeman_n phalangarch_n be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o phalange_n 4._o pentecosiarchy_n have_v in_o it_o 512_o man_n the_o ordinary_a depth_n be_v 16._o 16._o aelian_n c._n 36._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d leo_fw-la c._n 9_o §_o 77._o aelian_n c._n 9_o 9_o a_o body_n of_o four_o file_n file_n a_o body_n of_o â—_o file_n file_n a_o body_n of_o 16_o file_n file_n diodor._fw-la sic._n l._n 20._o 20._o arr._n l._n 1._o 3_o c._n c._n xenoph._n hist_o grac._n l._n 6._o 558._o a._n a._n arr._n l._n 1._o 14._o c._n c._n xenoph._n hist_o grac._n l._n 6._o 558._o a._n a._n arr._n l._n 1._o 14._o f._n f._n arr._n l._n 1._o 14._o c._n c._n arr._n l._n 1._o 14._o b._n b._n leo_n c_o 17._o §._o 26._o 26._o leo_fw-la ibid._n ibid._n arr._n l._n 1._o 14._o 14._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d leo_fw-la c._n 17._o §._o 26._o 26._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d x_o â—n_n a_o horse_n horse_n euclyd_n l._n 1._o definit_a 30._o 30._o aelia_n c._n 18._o 38._o 46._o aelian_n have_v afterward_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈…〉_z l._n a._n 32._o d._n â—â—â—_o â—_o â—_o polyen_n l._n â—_o 549._o â—_o â—_o tâ—â—_n use_v of_o the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n and_o of_o the_o hearse_n hearse_n leo_fw-la c._n 14._o §._o 10â—_o 10â—_o arr_fw-mi l._n 1._o 14._o 14._o xenoph_n cyrop_n l._n 6._o 167._o b._n b._n arr._n l._n 1._o 36._o c._n c._n liu._n l._n 46._o 112._o a._n a._n liu._n l._n 38._o 215._o c._n c._n ael_n c._n 45._o 45._o arr._n l._n 1._o 2._o b._n b._n xenoph_n hist_o 〈…〉_z 6_o â—oâ—_n d._n d._n polyen_n l._n 5._o â—â—3_n §._o 1._o 1._o xenoph._n cyrop_n l._n â—_o 71_o d_o d_o xenoph._n d'exp_n l._n â—_o 3â—0_n d._n d._n xenoph._n d'exp_n l._n â—_o 324._o e._n e._n arr._n l._n 4._o 95._o â—_o d_o xenoph._n d'exp_n l_o 5._o 3â—3_n a._n a._n xenoph._n d'expâ—d_n l._n 4._o 340._o 340._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 8000_o arm_v 1800_o lightarmed_n lightarmed_n a_o song_n or_o hymn_n to_o apollo_n use_v by_o the_o grecian_n when_o they_o join_v with_o the_o enemy_n jul_a pol._n l._n â—_o c._n 1._o §._o 33._o but_o the_o scholiastes_n of_o thucydides_n say_v there_o be_v two_o paean_n one_o to_o mars_n before_o victory_n the_o other_o to_o apollo_n after_o victory_n â—_o 1._o 1._o xenoph._n cyrop_n l._n â—_o 55._o a._n &_o l._n 5._o 130._o d._n d._n thucyd._n l._n 2._o 155._o â—_o â—_o polyb._n l._n 1._o 27._o â—_o c._n d._n d._n a_o broad-fronted_n battle_n battle_n appian_n in_o lyâ—â—cis_n 22._o 22._o poly._n l._n 15._o â—â—â—_o â—_o â—_o orâ—â—_n orâ—â—_n appianin_n syracis_n 97._o c._n c._n hearse_n transformation_n of_o one_o into_o another_o double_v of_o file_n file_n see_v aelian_n c_o 7._o in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o 11_o chapt_n chapt_n a_o body_n of_o four_o file_n file_n xenoph._n cyrep_n l._n 2._o 55._o a._n a._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d here_o signify_v a_o file_n in_o the_o ascent_n of_o cyrus_n and_o in_o the_o greek_a history_n it_o signify_v a_o company_n of_o 100_o man_n the_o file-leader_n command_v the_o whole_a file_n of_o 24._o the_o decadarch_n the_o half_n rearefile_v the_o two_o pempedarch_n 5_o man_n a_o piece_n one_o the_o 5_o that_o follow_v after_o the_o first_o 6_o in_o front_n the_o other_o the_o 5_o that_o be_v next_o the_o reaâ—e_n the_o bringer_n up_o be_v the_o last_o of_o all_o all_o xenoph._n de_fw-fr exp_n l._n 4._o 334._o a._n a._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d arr._n l._n 2._o 3â—_n c._n d._n d._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d polyb_a l._n 1â—_n 632._o b._n b._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d arr._n â—_o 1._o 14._o â—_o â—_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d polyen_n l._n §_o 16._o 16._o diod._n sic._n l._n 1â—_n 486._o c._n the_o lacedaemonian_n have_v by_o lycurgus_n law_n two_o king_n at_o once_o once_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o baeotianâ—_n be_v 50_o deep_a the_o lacedaemonian_n 1â—_n xenoph._n bist_fw-ge grâ—â—_n l._n 6_o 596._o â—_o â—_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d diod._n l._n 17_o 592_o e_o e_o diod._n l._n 19_o 686._o 686._o diod_n sic._n l._n 19_o 716._o 716._o double_v the_o front_n by_o middle_a man_n man_n adjoin_v adjoin_v forefront_v forefront_v place_v after_o after_o place_v between_o between_o place_v on_o the_o wing_n wing_n diod._n sic._n l._n 19_o 717._o â—_o â—_o against_o the_o front_n front_n double_v of_o rank_n rank_n against_o the_o rear_n rear_n countermarch_v countermarch_v wheeling_n wheeling_n facing_n facing_n veget._n l._n 3._o c._n 5._o 5._o polyb._n l._n 9_o 555._o â—_o â—_o caesar_n de_fw-fr bell_n gall._n l._n 7._o 156._o 156._o three_o be_v 60_o centurion_n in_o a_o roman_a legion_n legion_n â—lin_n natural_a â—ist_v l._n 7._o c._n â—_o 7._o 7._o onosander_n â—_o 25_o 25_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d leo_fw-la â—_o 20._o §._o â—â—6_n â—â—6_n onosand_n c._n 25._o polemarche_n lochagi_n pentecoâ—â—ers_n enomotarchs_n xenoph._n cyrop_n l._n 8._o 203._o â—_o â—_o polyb._n l._n 6._o 479_o &_o lipsius_n add_v â—olyb_a â—_o 5._o dial_n 9_o veget._n l._n 3._o â—_o 5._o
march_v on_o and_o that_o the_o rest_n about_o that_o time_n shall_v lay_v hand_n upon_o the_o polemarche_n that_o use_v to_o guard_v the_o gate_n while_o they_o repose_v themselves_o and_o sleep_v and_o that_o this_o do_v the_o achean_o shall_v with_o all_o speed_n hasten_v to_o the_o gate_n out_o of_o their_o ambush_n these_o thing_n conclude_v and_o the_o time_n approach_v aratus_n come_v according_o and_o hide_v himself_o by_o the_o river_n await_v the_o signal_n about_o the_o five_o hour_n one_o of_o the_o city_n a_o owner_n of_o sheep_n that_o bear_v extraordinary_a fine_a wool_n &_o be_v usual_o feed_v about_o the_o city_n come_v out_o of_o the_o city_n gate_n in_o a_o cloak_n desirous_a to_o speak_v with_o the_o shepherd_n about_o some_o private_a business_n of_o his_o own_o and_o stand_v upon_o the_o same_o hill_n look_v round_o about_o for_o the_o shepherd_n aratus_n and_o his_o folk_n imagine_v this_o to_o be_v the_o expect_a signal_n run_v in_o all_o haste_n towards_o the_o city_n but_o because_o nothing_o be_v ready_a within_o the_o gate_n be_v quick_o shut_v and_o not_o only_a aratus_n miss_v of_o his_o purpose_n but_o the_o citizen_n also_o that_o conspire_v with_o he_o fall_v into_o great_a misfortune_n be_v take_v with_o the_o manner_n and_o present_o bring_v forth_o and_o put_v to_o death_n this_o may_v be_v a_o example_n of_o error_n and_o misprision_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o neglect_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o like_a error_n and_o misprision_n there_o be_v a_o notable_a example_n in_o 156._o caesar_n commentary_n in_o the_o siege_n of_o alexia_n where_o caesar_n have_v win_v the_o enemy_n camp_n lie_v upon_o a_o hill_n near_o the_o town_n sound_v a_o retreat_n to_o his_o army_n that_o be_v in_o fight_n the_o ensign_n of_o the_o ten_o legion_n make_v a_o stand_n but_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o other_o legion_n not_o hear_v the_o sound_n of_o the_o trumpet_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o valley_n beyond_o which_o they_o be_v be_v yet_o hold_v back_o by_o the_o tribune_n and_o legate_n as_o caesar_n have_v give_v direction_n notwithstanding_o be_v puff_v up_o with_o the_o hope_n of_o a_o speedy_a victory_n and_o with_o the_o fight_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o their_o happy_a battle_n of_o former_a time_n think_v nothing_o so_o hard_a that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v achieve_v by_o their_o valour_n they_o make_v no_o end_n of_o their_o chase_n till_o they_o come_v near_o to_o the_o wall_n and_o gate_n of_o the_o town_n and_o some_o of_o they_o enter_v at_o a_o gate_n othersome_a climb_v up_o the_o wall_n imagine_v they_o have_v get_v possession_n of_o the_o town_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o enemy_n force_n who_o be_v busy_a in_o fortify_v without_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o town_n be_v acquaint_v herewith_o by_o message_n send_v their_o horse_n before_o and_o follow_v after_o themselves_o and_o in_o great_a number_n charge_v the_o roman_n the_o fight_n be_v hard_a the_o enemy_n trust_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n and_o to_o their_o number_n the_o roman_n to_o their_o valour_n when_o on_o the_o sudden_a be_v see_v on_o the_o open_a side_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o heduan_n horse_n who_o serve_v in_o caesar_n army_n and_o be_v by_o he_o send_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n to_o get_v up_o the_o hill_n another_o way_n they_o by_o likeness_n of_o their_o armour_n put_v caesar_n soldier_n in_o a_o great_a fear_n and_o although_o it_o may_v easy_o â—e_v discern_v that_o their_o left_a shoulder_n be_v unarm_v which_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o such_o as_o be_v friend_n yet_o the_o roman_n conceive_v they_o to_o be_v enemy_n and_o to_o use_v that_o device_n only_o to_o overreach_v and_o entrap_v they_o be_v oppress_v on_o all_o hand_n and_o 46_o legion_n centurion_n slay_v they_o be_v beat_v from_o their_o ground_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o few_o less_o than_o 700_o man_n caesar_n soldier_n here_o offend_v in_o both_o kind_n in_o the_o neglect_n of_o their_o general_n command_n which_o he_o give_v by_o sign_n and_o in_o mistake_v the_o sign_n which_o be_v usual_a for_o the_o heduan_o to_o be_v know_v by_o caesar_n judgement_n of_o these_o two_o fault_n appear_v in_o his_o speech_n which_o he_o make_v to_o his_o army_n present_o upon_o the_o loss_n in_o which_o he_o reprehend_v their_o rashness_n in_o that_o they_o will_v needs_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o judge_v how_o far_o they_o be_v to_o proceed_v and_o neither_o be_v hold_v in_o with_o the_o sign_n of_o retreat_n that_o be_v give_v â—or_a yet_o be_v command_v by_o the_o tribune_n and_o legate_n he_o show_v of_o what_o force_n the_o disadvantage_n of_o ground_n be_v and_o what_o his_o opinion_n be_v before_o this_o time_n at_o auaricum_n where_o surprise_v the_o enemy_n without_o a_o general_n and_o horse_n he_o let_v a_o assure_a victory_n slip_v out_o of_o his_o hand_n because_o he_o will_v not_o hazard_v no_o not_o a_o small_a loss_n in_o fight_n upon_o inequality_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o as_o he_o admire_v their_o brave_a mind_n and_o resolution_n who_o neither_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o enemy_n camp_n nor_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n nor_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n can_v hold_v back_o so_o much_o he_o reprehend_v their_o presumption_n and_o arrogancy_n in_o that_o about_o the_o victory_n and_o issue_n of_o thing_n they_o prefer_v their_o own_o conceit_n before_o the_o opinion_n of_o their_o general_n for_o his_o part_n he_o require_v aswell_o modesty_n and_o continency_n in_o a_o soldier_n as_o valour_n and_o magnanimity_n so_o caesar_n insinuate_v that_o obedience_n and_o heedfulness_n be_v two_o principal_a virtue_n in_o a_o soldier_n by_o the_o one_o to_o be_v ready_a at_o all_o command_n by_o the_o other_o to_o execute_v with_o discretion_n what_o be_v command_v by_o want_n of_o heedfulness_n they_o perceive_v not_o the_o sign_n of_o retreat_n which_o be_v propose_v unto_o they_o and_o mistake_v the_o mark_n of_o the_o heduan_o who_o they_o esteem_v for_o their_o 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appear_v in_o 25_o onosander_n i_o will_v recite_v his_o word_n let_v all_o sign_n quoth_v he_o he_o mean_v by_o voice_n and_o 〈◊〉_d by-signe_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n in_o asmuch_o as_o for_o a_o general_n to_o go_v up_o and_o down_o and_o proclaim_v the_o sign_n to_o all_o be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o unwise_a and_o unexperienced_a man_n and_o both_o time_n be_v lose_v in_o denounce_v it_o and_o it_o be_v often_o a_o cause_n of_o tumult_n while_o every_o man_n ask_v what_o the_o sign_n be_v beside_o one_o add_v something_o to_o the_o general_n word_n another_o diminishâ—th_v they_o through_o ignorance_n â—â—6_n leo_n have_v almost_o the_o same_o word_n at_o least_o the_o same_o sense_n and_o as_o i_o take_v it_o he_o borrow_v they_o from_o onosander_n 25._o onosander_n add_v it_o behove_v he_o to_o give_v the_o word_n to_o his_o high_a commander_n who_o be_v to_o deliver_v it_o over_o to_o the_o next_o to_o themselves_o and_o they_o to_o their_o next_o 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