and also by standing up at the profession of the Creed which contains the several Articles that I and all true Christians profess and believe and also by my standing up at giving Glory to the Father the Son and to the Holy Ghost and confessing them to be Three Persous and but one God And secondly I go to Church to praise my God for my Creation and Redemption and for his many deliverances of me from the many dangers of my Body and more especially of my Soul in sending me Redemption by the death of his Son my Saviour and for the constant assistance of his Holy Spirit a part of which Praise I perform frequently in the Psalms which are daily read in the Publick Congregation And thirdly I go to Church publickly to confess and bewail my sins and to beg pardon for them for his merits who died to reconcile me and all Mankind unto God who is both his and my Father and as for the Words in which I beg this mercy they be the Letany and Collects of the Church composed by those learned and devout men whom you and I have trusted to tell us which is and which is not the written Word of God and trusted also to translate those Scriptures into English And in these Collects you may note that I pray absolutely for pardon of sin and for grace to believe and serve God But I pray for health and peace and plenty conditionally even so far as they may tend to his Glory and the good of my Soul and not further And this confessing my sins and begging mercy and pardon for them I do in my adoring my God and by the humble posture of kneeling on my knees before Him And in this manner and by reverend sitting to hear some chosen parts of Gods Word read in the Publick Assembly I spend one hour of the Lords day every Forenoon and half so much time every Evening And since this uniform and devout custom of joyning together in Publick Confession and Praise and Prayer and Adoration of God and in one manner hath been neglected the power of Christianity and humble Piety is so much decayed that it ought not to be thought on but with sorrow and lamentation And I think especially by the Non-conformists And lastly for I am tedious beyond my intention whereas you and your Party would have the Bishops and Cathedral-Church Lands sold to supply the present necessities of the Nation I say first God prevent the Nation from such necessities as shall make them guilty of so many Curses as have been by the Doners of those Lands intailed with those Lands intailed with those Lands upon those men that alienate them to any other use than for the use of those that shall serve at God's Altar to which end the Priests Portion was kept with Care and Conscience till the days of King Henry the Eighth who is noted to make the first breach of those Oaths that were always taken and kept by his Predecessors and taken by himself too to preserve the Church-Lands and it is noted that he was the first Violator of those many Laws made also to preserve them out of which Lands he took at the dissolution of the Abbies a part for himself exchanged a part with others that thirsted to thrive by the dissolution and gave the rest to be shar'd amongst the Complying Nobility and other Families that then were in greatest power and favour with him concerning which if you desire a further information I refer you to a little Treatise written by the Learned Sir Henry Spelman called De non temerandis Ecclesiis and especially to the Presace before it in which you may find many sad Observations of the said King and find there also that more of the Nobility and those other Families and their Children that then shared the Church-Lands came to die by the Sword of Justice and other eminent misfortunes in twenty years than had suffered in four hundred years before the dissolution and for a proof of which he refers you to the Parliament Rolls of the twenty-seventh of that King And to me it seems fit that the Observations of the ruine and misfortune of the other Families that were sharers of the Church-Lands made by that pious and learned Knight since the said twenty years which he left written are not also made publick but possibly they may pare too near the quick and are therefore yet forborn I will say nothing of Queen Elizabeth but for King James I will say he did neither follow King Henry's nor her President and his Childrens Children sit this day upon his Throne And for his Son Charles the First who is justly called the Martyr for the Church He had also well considered the Oaths taken by all his Ancestors and by Himself too at his Coronation to preserve the Lands and Rights of the Church and therefore in his Book of Penitential Meditations and Vows made in his sad Solitude and Imprisonment at Holmby you may in that Chapter of the Covenant there find that at that time when he apprehended Himself in danger of death yet that this was then his Resolution The principal end of some men in this Covenant is the abasing of Episcopacy into Presbytery and of robbing the Church of its Lands and Revenues But I thank God as no man lay more open to the sacrilegious temptation of usurping them which issuing chiefly from the Crown are held of it and can legally revert only to the Crown with my consent so I have always had such a perfect abhorrence of it in my Soul that I never found the least inclination to such sacrilegious reformings and yet no man hath a greater desire to have hishops and all Church-men so reformed that they may best deserve and use not only what the pious munificence of my Predecessors have given to God and the Church but all other additions of Christian bounty But no necessity shall ever I hope drive me or mine to invade or sell the Priests Lands which Pharaoh ' s Divinity and Joseph ' s true Piety abhorred to do I had rather live as my Predecessor Henry the Third sometimes did on the Churches Alms than violently to take the Bread out of the Bishops and Ministers mouths There are ways enough to repair the breaches of the state without the ruins of the Church as I would be a restorer of the one so I would not be an Oppressor of the other under the pretence of publick debts the occasions of contracting them were bad enough but such a discharging of them would be much worse I pray God neither I nor mine may be accessary of either Sir I have been longer than I intended for which I crave your pardon and beg of God that you may at last see and well consider the many errors that your indiscreet zeal hath led you into and that you and your Party may see also the many miseries it hath helpt to bring upon others and that for
you unquestionable confirmation of it at our next meeting It has been longer than I intended and I beg your pardon and beg you also to consider with what inconsiderable zeal you and your Party rush into Schism and give just cause of Scandal by opposing Government and affronting that Church in which you were born and baptized and I hope confirmed by a Bishop I think the doing so requires your sad and serious consideration For if there be such sins as Schism and Scandal and if there were not they could not have names in Scripture then give me leave to tell you I cannot but wonder that you and the scruple-mongers of your Party should rush into them without any tenderness or scruple of Conscience And here let me tell you the Church of England which you oppose enjoyns nothing contrary to Gods Word and hath summed up in her Creeds and Catechism what is necessary for every Christian to know and to do And can you that are a Shop-keeper or private man think that you are fit to teach and judge the Church or the Church fit to teach and judge you Or can you think the safety or peace of the State or Church in which you live should depend upon the scruples and mistakes of a party of the Common People whose indiscreet and active zeal makes them like the restless Scribes and Pharisees Mat. 13. 15. who compass Sea and Land to get Parties to be of their opinions and by that means beget confusion in both No doubtless Common reason will not allow of this belief for a liberty to preach and persuade to your dangerous Principles would enflame the too hot and furious zeal of so many of your Party and beget so many more restless and dangerous contentions that there could be neither quiet or safety in a Nation but by keeping a standing Army * Witness the late murther of the Scotch Bishop which I know you detest and from the cause of which God deliver us I have told you often that Samuel says 1 Sam. 15. 23. Rebellion is like the sin of Witchcraft and I cannot tell you too often that Schism is too like that mysterious sin for when the fire of Schism and Rebellion is kindled no man knows where it will end Consider this and remember that St. Jude accounts them that make Sects to be fleshly and not to have the Spirit of God which too many of your Fraternity pretend to And now after so long seriousness give me liberty to be so pleasant as to tell you a Tale by which I intend not to provoke you but to explain my meaning There was a North-Country man that came young and poor to London to seek that which he call'd his fortune and it proved to be an Hostler in an Inn of good note in that City in which condition he continued some years and by diligence and frugality got and saved so much money that in time he became the Master of that Inn. And not long after his arrival to that happiness he sent for three of his Necces one to serve him in his Kitchin and the other two did serve for some years in a like condition in other houses 'till mine Host their Unkle died who at his death left to each of them a hundred pound to buy each of them a North-Country Husband and also to each of them ten pound to buy new Cloaths and bear their charges into the North to see their Mother The three Sisters resolved to go together and the day being appointed two of them bought very fantastical Cloaths and as gaudy Ribbands intending thereby to be noted and admired but the third was of a more frugal humour yet aimed at admiration too and said she would save her money wear her old Cloaths and yet be noted and get reputation at a cheaper rate For she would hold some singular new fantastical opinion in Religion and thereby get admirers and as many as they should and it proved so And doubtless this is the Ambition of many Women Shop-keepers and other of the Common People of very mean parts who would not be admired or noted if they did not trouble themselves and others by holding some odd impertinent singular opinions And tell me freely do not you think that silence would become our Cosin Mrs. B than to talk so much and so boldly against those Clergy-men and others that bow at the Altar she says to the Altar and use other like reverence in Churches where she and her Party are so familiar with God as to use none And concerning which let me tell you my thoughts and then leave you to judge Almighty God in the Second Commandment says he would have none to bow down or worship a graven Image Intimating as I suppose a Jealousie lest that reverence or worship which belongs only to him be ascribed or given to an Idol or Image But that reverence and worship does belong to him and was always paid to him is to me manifest by what the Prophet David says Psal 5. I will in thy fear worship towards thy holy Temple And again I will praise thy name and worship towards thy holy Temple And again Psal 132. 138. O let us worship and fall down and kneel before the Lord. These and many more might be urged out of the Old Testament And in the New you may see it is a duty to worship God First St. Paul says Heb. 13. 10. We have an Altar And you may note Rev. 22. 9. where the Angel that had shewed St. John a Vision forbad him to fall down to him but bad him fall down and worship God And again Chap. 14. 7. Worship him that made heaven and earth I omit more Testimonies which might be multiplied and shall tell you next that Churches are sacred and not to be used prophanely For you may note that our Saviour did with a divine indignation whip the money-changers out of the Temple for polluting it and said His house should be called the house of Prayer And let me tell you that in the Primitive times many of those humble and devout Christians whose sudden Journeys or businesses of present necessity were such as not to allow them time to attend the publick Worship and Prayers of the Church would yet express their devotion by going into a Church or Oratory and there bow at the Altar then kneel and beg of God to pardon their sins past and to be their director and protector that day and having again bowed toward the East at the Altar begin their Journey or business and they thought God well pleased with so short a Prayer and such a Sacrifice Much more might be said for bowing at the Altar and bowing toward the East But I forbear And now let me ask you seriously Do you think this which I think to be a duty ought to be forborn because our Cosin and her Party are scandalized at it Or do you think when I in a late discourse told her
the remainder of your days you and they may redeem the time past by repenting your indiscreet zeal and study to be quiet and to do your own business to this I shall encourage you and that done to live as unoffensively to others and as strictly to your self as you do intend and by God's grace added to your endeavours he shall make you able and I humbly beseech Almighty God that you and I may daily practise an humble and a peaceable piety so humble and peaceable a piety as may stop the mouths of all gain-sayers for it is certain such holy and quiet living will bring peace at the last And in this the Almighty God give me grace to be like you Study to be quiet and to do your own business 1 Thes 4. 11. February the 18. 1667. Your Affectionate Friend and Cosin R. W. THE SECOND LETTER Dear Cousin I Return you my unseigned thanks for your Letter of the 15. instant which I received three days past it was mixt with love and anger but I shall in this my answer observe what you so earnestly desire namely not to justifie the Errors or Irregularities of those that you call my Party or my Clergy And for some testimony that I will do what I profess I will begin with a Confession that I think as you say That when a Clergy-man appears in a long curled trim Periwig a large Tippet and a silk Cossock or the like vain and costly Cloathing If he preaches against Pride and for Mortification his Hearers are neither like to believe him or practise what he preaches either then or at other times though what he says be an undoubted truth Because Example is of greater power to incline men to Vice than Precepts have to persuade to Virtue And I wish as heartily as you do that all such Clergy-mens Wives as have silk Cloaths be-daubed with Lace and their heads hanged about with painted Ribands were enjoyned Penance for their pride And their Husbands punisht for being so tame or so lovingly-simple as to suffer them for by such Cloaths they proclaim their own Ambition and their Husbands folly And I say the like concerning their striving for Precedency and for the highest places in Church-Pews And I wish as heartily as you do that double Benefices were not dispensed with to such an inconvenience as is now too visible And that no Dispensations might be granted for any man to be Prebend or Canon-Residentiary of two Churches Such as Westminster and Durham or Windsor and Wells Because Residence and the other duties required in those places is not consistent with their distance from each other nor with the Donors intention And also because such a single Prebend is a fair support for an humble Clergy-man and if he be proud or covetous he deserves not so much And I confess also what you say of a Clergy-mans bidding to fast on the Eves of Holy-days in Lent and the Ember Weeks And I wish those biddings were forborn or better practised by themselves for it is too visible they do not what the Church for good reasons enjoyns them and they others in the Churches name And I wish as heartily as you can that they would not only read but pray the Common Prayer and not huddle it up so fast as too many do by getting into a middle of a second Collect before a devout Hearer can say Amen to the first But you ought to consider that there be Ten thousand Clergy-men in this Nation for there are Nine thousand Parish Churches in it besides Colledges and Chappels and the number of them that be thus faulty are not many when compared with those that be grave and regular And I could name many of the Episcopal Clergy whose lives are so Charitable Humble and Innocent that they might say to their Parishioners as St. Paul of himself to his Philippians Walk so as you have me for an Example But I must confess there are too many that do not live so and with whom I am as much offended as you express your self to be And now having unbowelled my very soul thus freely to you and I protest as sincerely and truly as I can express my self My hope is that I shall in what follows appear to be so uninterested in any Party that where I speak evident truth and reason you will assent unto it in which hope I will endeavour to lay before you in my plain way the many inconveniences that would I think follow if that liberty were granted which you and your Party have so long and do still so earnestly strive for the effects of which liberty would be Schism Heresie Rebellion and Misery from which God prevent us I did in a Letter writ now some years past endeavour to unbeguile your Brother And though it did not at that present wholly do what I designed yet it abated so much of that furious zeal that had prepossest him that he declared on his death-bed The remembrance of those hours spent in devotion and acts of Charity were then his comfort and those spent in disputes and opposition to Government were now a Corrosive or as Solomon says of ill-gotten riches like gravel in his teeth And my dear Cozen in hope of the like good success I shall in the following part of my Letter commend the same or like Arguments to your consideration in order to the undeceiving you And I shall not be so curious for words or method as diligent to speak reason and truth plainly and without provocation And first I will consider our happiness that were born baptized and do now live in the Church of England which is believed by the most learned of all Foreign Churches to be the most Orthodox and Apostolical both for Doctrine and Discipline of all those very many that have reformed from the corruptions of the Church of Rome And I think it is worthy your noting that those Bishops and Martyrs that assisted in this Reformation did not as Sir Henry Wotton said wisely think the farther they went from the Church of Rome the nearer they got to heaven for they might go too far but they did with prudent and deliberate consideration retain what was consistent with Gods Word and the practice of the most Apostolical Primitive and purest times as may appear by the many unanswerable reasons that have been given against both the Non-Conformists and Papists that have excepted against our Reformation The first for retaining too much and the latter for not enough For you ought to note that neither of them have ever writ against the Doctrine or Discipline of this Church but they have received answers to their damage And this being considered you ought to lay to heart the disturbance that many of you that pretend to tenderness of Conscience have formerly made and do still make in this Church and State even at this present time And you ought to consider that if this Church were overthrown the Church of Rome would make
to blind them and then he makes them to say Our power is the Law of righteousness And such was the Power and Law of these Tryers and such was their cruel usage of that Power as was too sadly testified by the great suffering of the Conformable Clergy Many whose great poverty and other sufferings were such and undergone with so much patience and so calm a sortitude for many had Wives and many Children that I protest I heard a very considerable Papist say in those times That if their Clergy would have suffered half so much in the days of King Edward the Sixth the Religion of the Protestants had never prevailed in England Which saying seemed to me very considerable And I think this to be considerable also That those Tryers and their Brethren of the several Committees came by degrees to distinguish themselves from others by calling themselves The Godly Party And by degrees came to such a confidence that they only were so that they made God to be as cruel and ill natured a God as they were men Not allowing him to save any but themselves and their Party But I will urge this no farther lest the truth I write seem too bitter But I return to what may seem more considerable and probably less provoking I do observe that your Party that scruple many small things scruple not at the great sin of Schism I think they do scarce consider or think there is such a sin And this is the more to be wondred at because in all the Reformed Churches in Foreign Nations they think otherwise and punish it And they think the Doctrine and Discipline and Publick Worship of God in our Church to be most Apostolical and most agreeable to the Word of God And many of them wish theirs were like to ours And for a testimony of this I refer you to a view of their several approbations of it as they be collected and summed up and lately published by Dr. Durell sometimes Preacher of the Resormed French Church in the Savoy in London And for one testimony that the sin of Schism ought to be better considered and carefully avoided by all people I shall in what follows give you a relation that may prove I am not singular in this opinion Wishing most affectionately that it may proveas useful as-it is true and as I intend it In the late persecution of the Conformable Clergy there was Dr. Eleazer Duncon a Prebend I think of Ely or Durham a man of singular learning and of an unblemisht life but sequestred he was and you may guess why This good man being sequestred and so made useless as to the service of Gods Church publickly And being independent of the world as to Wife and Children and weary of beholding the ruine of so many sacred Structures the cruel usage contempt and poverty of the Conformable Clergy for many of them had Wives and Children resolved to spend some part of the remaining part of his life in travel And thereby to inform himself by conference and observation what the belief and publick Worship of God was both in the Greek and all the Latine Churches not only those that depend but those that be independent on the Church of Rome and he did so to his great satisfaction And after some years so spent in his return homeward which was in the year 1648. he took Venice in his way To which place he came indisposed as to his health and immediately fell into a dangerous Fever This good man was in his long Travel so noted for his learning and the sanctity of his life that the day after his arrival in Venice he was sent to by Father Fulgentio who had been the Pupil and was now the Successor to Father Paul in his Colledge of the Service Father Paul and Fulgentio are both so known and valued by all the learned of Italy and all other Christian Nations that they neither need my Character or Commendations to enquire his health and an offer of advice to procure it And in order to both he would wait on him next day if he pleased to allow it The last of which being thankfully accepted the Father did the next day at a seasonable hour make him a charitable visit And after a loving and quiet Conference the Father having treated him with words of Christian compassion offered him a supply of money if he needed and being ready to take his leave told the Doctor He and his Colledge should pray for him both day and night Which good office the Doctor most humbly accepted of and after giving thanks added this Father your Charity is the more perfect in that you will do this Christian office for one that your Church accounts an Heretick To which the Father's reply was But I do not I look upon you as a true Catholick yea as a Confessor forced out of your Native Country for the profession of the most true Religion for I look upon the Church of England as I know it by your Liturgy Articles and Canons I know not your practice to be the most Apostolical Church in the whole World and the Church of Rome to be at this time the most impure After which ingenuous profession the Father observing the Doctor to grow saint and uneasie left him for that time but after the Doctors recovery and during his stay in Venice the Father and he had many free and friendly discourses of the same subject in one of which the Doctor said Father your Confession of the impurity of the Roman Church and the 18. of your own Objections lately shew'd to me against it require an Apology for your continuing in that Communion To which the Fathers reply was A man may live in an infected City and not have the Plague My Judgment and publick Practice in Religion are both so well known here and at Rome and both to my danger and damage that I may continue in it with more safety than others And separation may be a sin in me who Judge the unity of the Church in which I was baptized and confirmed and the peace of the State in which I was born to be preferred before my private opinion interest or satisfaction and I think to commit a Schism and separate from that Church would make me guilty of the sin of a Scandal justly given and therefore live in it and die in it I must though it be the impurest of Christian Churches But let him that now is not of it never be of that Church which is so far departed from the Primitive purity and now maintained only by splendour and the maxims and practice of polity If you doubt the truth * The truth needs not be doubted by any that shall first know that Father Paul writ the History of the Council of Trent And then reads his Life as it is truly writ by his Disciple and Successour this Father Fulgentio and now Printed before the said History of this relation I will give