Church of England THere remains one and that a great matter of exception against us and the same the fountain well nigh of all our calamitie to wit that we seem evill-affected towards the church of England and so averse from the same as that we do no lesse then make a plain secession and separation from it I answer First that our fayth is not negative as Papists use to object to the Euangelicall churches nor which consists in the condemning of others and wipeing their names out of the bead-â—oul of churches but in the edifying of our selvs neither require we of anie of ours in the confession of their fayth that they either renounce or in one word contest with the church of England whatsoever the world clamours of us this way Our faith is founded upon the writings of the prophets and Apostles in which â—o mention of the church of England is made We deem it our dutie what is found in them to beleev with the heart to righteousnes and to confesse with the tongue to salvation Secondly we accord as far as the Belgick and other Reformed churches with the Church of England in the Articles of faith and heads of Christian religion published in the name of that church and to be found in the Harmonie of the Confessions of fayth Thirdly if by the Church be understood the Catholick Church dispersed upon the face of the whole earth we do willingly acknowledg that a singular part thereof and the same visible and conspicuous is to be found in the land and with it do professe and practise what in us layes communion in all things in themselvs lawfull and done in right order But and if by the word Church be understood a spirituall politick body such as was in her time the Church of Israell and in hers the church of Rome Corinth the seven churches of Asia and others with them partaking of the same Apostolicall constitution and as unto which do apperteyn the Oracles of God Sacraments Censures Government and ministerie ecclesiasticall with other sacred institutions of Christ I cannot but confesse and professe though with great greif that it is to us matter of scruple which we cannot overcome to give that honour unto it which is due from the servants of Christ to the Church of Christ rightly collected and constituted And that there may be place left in the eyes of the prudent Reader for our defence in this case so far forth as equitie and reason will permit he must once and again be intreated by me seriously to weigh with himself and in his heart this one advertizement following That a man may do a thing truely pleasing and acceptable to God it sufficeth not that both the door in his person be accepted of God the thing done commaunded by God and that he do it with good and holy affection before God except withall and first he be possessed of that state condition of life which may affoard him a lawfull calling to that work That a man though never so good with never so good a minde should exercise the office or do though the best works of a Magistrate father of famillie housband steward citizen or messenger except he were first lawfully called and preferred to the state of a Magistrate maister of samâ—lie housband or the like so far were he from deserving anie praise for so doing as on the contrarie he most justly incurâ—ed the censure of great rashnes and violation of all order in familie and common wealth as taking unto himself that honour unto which he was not called of God The same houldeth and that specially in course of Religion which is the specially state of mans life so as if anie either as a Pastour dispence the holy things of the ministeriall Church without a lawfull pastorall calling going before or participate in the same out of a just and lawfull Church-state neither that dispensation nor this participation can be warranted but both the one and other are usurpations and in which is seen not the use but abuse of holy things and confusion of order And as it behoveth everie person first to beleev and know that he is truly a Christian and partaker of the grace of Christ before he can hope to please God in the performance of this or that particular Christian work so doth it also concern everie Christian to provide that he be first possessed of a just and lawfull Church-order before he so much as touch with his least finger the holy things of the Church thereunto proper and peculiar Proper I say peculiar amongst which I do not simplâ—e reckon the hearing of the word which both lawfullie may and necessarily ought to be done not onely of Christians though members of no particular church but even of Infidels prophane persons excommunicates and any others as being that in which no communion spirituall passeth either ecclesiasticall or personall between the teacher heater but according to some union ecclesiasticall or personall going before seeing that Christian saith comes by hearing the gospell by faith union from union communion This thus prem sed I will speak a few things of the Church of England not by way of accusation of it but for our own purgation in the eyes of the godly and equall Reader of the imputed câ—ime of Schism so far as truth and equitie will bear And first seeing that the people of God is materially as they speak the church of God it is required to the constitution of a holy Church of God that the people be holy or saints and sanctified iâ— Christ Iesus truely and internally in regard of God and their own consciences externally and in appearance in respect of others whom it concerns to discern and judg of them according to the word of God and rule of charitie And considering that our question is about the Church externall and visible as it is called we are not so fond or raithaâ— frantâ—ck as to require in respect of others other holynes in the members thereof then that which is visible and externall Now how marvaylous a thing is it and lamentable withall that amongst Christians anie should be found so far at ods with Christian holines as to think that others then apparently holy at the least deserved admittance into the fellowship of Christs church and therewith of Christ Do or can the gratâ—ous promises of God made to the Church the heavenly blessings due to the Church the seales of divine grace given to the Church apperteyn to others then such Are others to be admitted into the familie of God the kingdom of Christ and as it were the suburbs of heaven The Church of God is by him called and destinated to advance his glorie in the holynes of their lives and conversations what then have those to do with it or it with those who as Calvin saith live not but with Gods dishonour For they as the same author both truly and holily affirmeth
expounded by our adversaries themselvs do willingly condiscend that by it alone judgment be given in this matter Our Saviour Christ doth plainly teach that this feild was sown with good seed alone that after whilst men slept the enemie the divel came sowed â—ares amongst the wheat But on the contrarie in the sowing the English fâ—â—ld whether we respect the natâ—onall or parochiall churches together with the wheat the tares that exceeding the other infinitely were at first yet are sown that of purpose under most severe penaltâ—â—s And hence is the first princâ—pall prâ—judice to our English harvest froÌ„ which I conceav all the rest to come For unto this Ch. thus clapped clouted together of all persons of all sorts spirits without difference no man equally prudently weighing things can denie but that the pompous imperious Hierarchicall government together with all its accessories doth right well accorde To the things objected from the parable of the mariage Luke 14. Mat. 22. I onely answer that those servants were the Prophets and Apostles the son Christ himself the compulsion to be made no otherwise then by the preaching of the word by which as Calvin hath it God doth importunately sollicit our sloâ—thfulnes not onely pricking us with exhortations but coÌ„pelling us with threatnings to come unto him which word of God as it is by some wholly contemned so doth it extort from others onely an externall hypocritical obedience but by manie is receaved through the blessing of God with al holy devout affection Now unto these paâ—ables of Christ manie are wont and that very busily to annex one of their own A heap say they of wheat although it have much chaf mixed with it the 〈◊〉 more in quantitie then the wheat is 〈◊〉 notwithstanding truly is rightly termed a heap of wheat according to the Phyloâ—ophers rule The denâ—mination to not of the greater but better part I answer first that this axiom is not simply true for if in the church or any other convention popular or in which things passe by voyces the greater part hap to exceed the better the denominat on of that passage or decree and so the whole processe of the matter is according to the greater though the worser part 2. The chaf in that wheat is either of the same wheat or of other brought from els where if of that same then it makes nothing to the present purpose since wicked men appeâ—â—ein not to the persons of the godly noâ— are their chaf if of other from els where it may easily be added in that quantitie proportion as that neither it may deserv the name of an heap of wheat but of chaf nor he that sels it for wheat of an honest merchant but of a deceiptfull impostour 4. The things objected from the Apostolicall Churches are altogether personall accidentall from which that the churches gathered of men and by men governed should be exempted is â—aither to be desired then hoped for But for us the things which most afflict us in the Ch. of England presse us in the respect fore-mentioned to a secession from the same do concern the verie materiall formall constitution of the ministeriall church together with the essentiall administration of the Church-policie And how different these things are who seeth not Lastly it is objected that in the Ch. of England lively faith true pietie are both begotten and nourished in the hearts of many by the preaching of the gospell there God forbid that we should not acknowledg that withall that infinite thanks for the same are due to Gods great power goodnes both in respect of our selvs and others Who notwithstanding the great confusion both of persons and things there to be found vouchsafeth to his elect so plentifull grace covering under the vayl of his superaboundant goodnes mercy by their â—â—ncere fayth in Christ Iesus their sins aberrations whether of ignorance or infirmitie What then must be done should we continue in sin that grace might abound or shall we against knowledg go on to walk inordinately because in our ignorance God hath vouchsafed us of his grace in that disordered state of things without the ministerial church of which we speak the preaching of the gospell both may useth to be had by it sayth to be ingenerated except christian churches be to be gathered of infidels unbeleevers Besides what Minos or Rhaâ—amant will deny that even in the bosom of the Romish church some faâ—thfull persons may be found how much more in that of England in which the main truths of the gospell the most greatest errours of poperie being banished are taught by so manie godly learned men with such zeal and earnestnes Now what of these things Is it therefore lawfull for a Christian eyther to content himself with himself without joyning to any christian congregation or to continue still in the bosom of the church of Rome as a member under the Pope thâ— head I therefore conclude out of M. Brightman whose words I had raither use then mine own speaking of the government ministerie of the Church of England The fruit to wit of the word preached doth no more exempt from blame our corruptions then a true child doth adulterie And here thou hast Christian Reader the whole order of our conversation in the work of Christian religion set down both as breifly and plainly as I could If in anie thing weâ—er advertise us brotherly with desire of our information not as our countrimens manner for the most part is with a minde of reproaching us or grat fying of others and whom thou findest in errour thou shalt not leave in obstinacie nor as having a minde prone to schism Eâ—re we may alasse too easily but heretiques by the grace of God we will not be But if the things which we do seem â—ight in thine eyes as to us certainly they do I do earnestly by the Lord Iesus admonish and exhort thy godly minde that thou wilst neither withould thy due obedience froÌ„ his truth noâ— just succour from thy distressed brethren Neither do thou indure that either the smalnes of the number or meannes of the â—ondition of those that professe it should prejudice with thee the proâ—ssion of the truth but have in minde that of Teâ—tullian Do we measure mens faith by their persons or their persons by their faith as also that of Austin Let matter weigh with matter and cause with cause and reaâ—â—â— with reason but especially that of the Apostle My brethren have 〈◊〉 the faith of our glorious Lord Iesus Christ in respect of persons But now it so come to passe which God forbid that the most being eyther forestalled by prejudice or by prosperitie made secure there be few found especially men of learning who will so far vouchsafe to stoop as to look upon so despised
wall as sayth the proverb This balad-maker comparing the receaved religion in the Dutch churches to a tree the Sectaries in the countrie of which he nameth not a few to certayn beasts endeavouring this trees ruine and overthrow likens the Brownists to a litle worme gnawing at the root thereof and not having lesse will but lesse power to hurte then the residue Wee are indeed wormes and not men the reproach of men and despised of the people whom high and low and all that will may without daunger tread and trample under foot But to giue thee satisfaction Christian and indifferent Reader whosoever thou art that chusest rather to take knowledg of mens innocencie then to condemn the same unknown and that it may appear unto thee how alike unhonest our adversaries are in their accusations though of unlike condition in themselus We do professe before God and men that such is our accord in the case of religion with the Duch reformed churches as that we are ready to subscribe to all and everie article of faith in the same church as they are layd down in the Harmonie of Confessions of fayth published in their name one onely particle and the same not of the greatest weight in the sixth Article touching the Scriptures being conveniently interpreted and conformably to it self the generall judgment of the learned amongst them The scope of the Article is as appears in the margent to distinguish between the books Canonicall and Apocriphall as they are called Touching which Apocryphall notwithstanding it is judged and affirmed that they may be read in the Church Which if it be meant of their private reading by the members of the church we willingly assent if of publique pastorall and ecclesiasticall reading we are indeed otherwise mynded neither admit we any other books to that dignitie in the church then such as were penned by the Holy men of God moved by the Holy Ghost 2 Pet. 1 21. And as the Apostle Iames testified of the Iewes that they had Moses read in the Synagogue everie Sabbath day so we think it sufficient for the Christian assemblyes that with Moses Christ that is the books of the new testament be joyned with the old and they alone be read Neither need we seek further or for other Arguments to confirme our opinion then the Article it self affoardeth us The words thereof are these Moreover we put a difference between the Holy writings and those which they call Apocryphal to wit so as the Apocryphall may indeed 〈◊〉 read in the church that it may be lawfull to take instructions from â—hem so far sorth as they agree with the canonicall books but such 〈…〉 hand is their authoritie or firmnes that upon their testimonie any doctrine of faith and Christian Religion may be founded much lesse that they haue force to infringe or weaken the others authoritie And first if the Apocriphall books be publiquely read in the Church as well as the Canonicall the difference which in word is professed seems indeed by this so reading them to be taken away since the selfe same religious act viz. publique reading is performed about the one and other although not altogether to the same end And if publique reading of the Canonicall Scriptures be commanded of God in his worship either the reading of these Apocripha books is a parte of Gods worship also which the Belgick Churches do not beleiv or els they must be unlawfull to be read publiquely in the Church especially comming together for that onely end of worshipping God Publiquely I say for the private reading of them as of other books comes not under the respect of worship properly but of an act and exercise preparatiâ—â— unto worship as both Lawâ—ers and Divines speak Secondly in this verie Article the Canonicall bookes as opposed to the Apocriphall are called holy writeings The Apocriphall then are not holy as not being hallowed to this end that is not commaunded of God in the holy writeings of the Prophets and Apostles Now what haue the holy assemblies to do especially convening and meeting together for the solemn worship of God and exercising themselus in the same with books not holy that is not hallowed or injoyned of God for his most holy serviceâ— Thirdly seeing these books are Apocriphall that is hidden and concealed their verie name may put them in minde of their duetie in concealing themselvs within the vaile of privacie And surely no small immodestie it is in them which ought to conteyn themselus in private use and interteynment thus bouldly to presse into publique assemblie They must therefore change either their names or their manners as women by their sex so they by their name well expressing their nature are inhibited all libertie of speaking in the church Iâ—d and conclude out of our countrie-man M. Broughton that those Apocriphall books are so stuffed with trifles fables lyes and superstitions of all sorts that the midle place between the ould and new Testament as ill becomes them as it would do a Turkish slaue and leaper between two the noblest Princes of all Europe But to return whence I digâ—essed Seing that as appears in the preface the intention of the Belgick Churches was as in divulging their Confession to render a reason of the hope which is in them and plainly to make known their perswasion in the matter of fayth so also in publishing the Harmony of Confessions to giue all men to understand and take knowledg of that most near conjunction which they haue with the sacred and truely Catholique church of God and all the holy and sound members thereof by what tight or rather injurie could we be excluded from the followship of the same churches who do 〈◊〉 better accorde and have greater congruitie with them in the matter of fayth religion then the greatest part of those whose confessions they do publiâ—â— to the veiw of all men as the congnissance and badges of their Christian consociation And with what conscience of a Christian or rather licentiousnes of a Rhymer could that adversarie traduce us to the world as endeavoring the ruine of the reformed churches But perhaps that which may be is suspected to be by some which also the false accuser doth insinuate in his libell against us and that what in word we professe we denye in deed and what we would seem to build with our tongues we do as it were with our hands pull down If so it be and that in deed we be found to be such I doe freely confesse that no censure upon us can be too severe no hatred more greivous then we do deserv Now the guilt of this evill must cleav unto our fingers if at all one of these two waâ—es either in regard of our selvs or of the reformed Churches For our selvs and our course of life for necessitie compelleth as it were foolishly to bable out that wherein modestie perswadeth silence and how we converse with God and men whether
or Sea diveâ—sly called according to the divers regions by whose shores it passeth and that therefore this matter is not worth labour spending about it I answer First that the Catholick church neither is nor can be called visible since onely things singular are visible and discerned by sence whereas universals or things catholick are either onely in the understanding as some are of minde or as others think better are made such to wit universals by the understanding abstracting from them all circumstanstiall accidents considering that the kindes intelligible have their existence in nature that is in the Individuals 2. The Catholick church with due reverence unto learned ned men be it spoken is verie unskilfully said to be one as the sea is one For first it is expressedly said Gen. 1 9 10. that the waters which were under the heauens were gathered into one place or conceptacle which God called Sea or seas But the Catholick church which is said to comprehend al particular congregations in her bosom is not gathered together into one place nor ever shall be before the glorious coming of Christ. 2. The Ocean is a body so continued as that all and everie part thereof is continually fluent so as the self same waters which in their flux do make one sea do in their reflux by contrarie windes make another and so contrariewise But thus to affirm of particular churches and their materiall constitutive cause were most absurd 3. If some one particular sea were drawn drie or should fail his course a disturbance of all the rest would necessarily follow But and if the sea should in divers places at once happen to be exhausted or drawn drie there would then be a fayling of the Ocean neither were the waters now gathered into one place neither made they one sea and body of water either continued or conjoyned But now on the other side upon the defection or dissipation of this or that particular church no such impediment should come in the way but that the rest might hould their full course as before Yea I adde moreover if all and everie particular assembly in the world should languish and fall away one onely excepted that onely one did still remain the true entire Church of Christ without any either subordination or coordination or dependencie spirituall save unto Christ alone The reason is plain because this singular and sole assembly may under Christ the head use and enjoy everie one of his institutions the communion of Saints combyned together in solemn and sacred covenant the word of God Sacraments Censures and ministrations whatsoever by Christ appointed and therewith the same Christs most gratious presence And upon this ground it is that the Apostle Paul doth intitle the particular congregation which was at Corinth and which properly and immediately he did instruct and admonish to the body of Christ the temple of God and one virgin espoused to one housband Christ. We may not therefore under pretence of antiquitie unitie humain prudence or any colour whatsoever remove the auncient bounds of the visible and ministeriall church which our right fathers to wit the Apostles have set in comparâ—son of whom the most ancient of those which are so called are but infants and beardlesse as one truely and wittily sayth There is indeed one church and as the Apostle speaketh one bodie as one spirit one hope of our calling one sayth one baptism that is of one kinde and nature not one in number as one Ocean Neither was the church at Rome in the Apostles dayes more one with the Church of Corinth then was the baptism of Peter one with Pauls baptism or then Peter and Paul were one Neither was Peter or Paul more one whole intire and perfit man consisting of their parts essentiall and integrall without relation unto other men then is a particular congregation rightly instituted and ordered a whole intire and perfit Church immediately and independently in respect of other Churches under Christ. To conclude since the Pastor is not a minister of some part of a Church but of the whole particular Church Act. 20 28. Attend to the whole Flock or Church whereof the holy Ghost hath made you Bishops c. if the ministers office be to be confined within the circle of a particular congregation then also the ministeriall church it self Now the Pastors office is either circumscribed within these bounds or els the Angell of the Church of Ephesus was also the Angell of the Church of Sâ—â—rna and so the Pastour of this Church is also the Pastour of that and by consequence of all that is everie Pastour is an universall Bishop or Pope by office if not for exeqâ—ution yet for power according to which power we are to judg of the office What then will some man say Is it not lawfull for a Pastour to exequute his pastorall office but in the congregation over which he is set I answer with the Apostle No man taketh this honour unto himself but he thatâ— is called of God as Aaron Hebr. 5 3 4. It is not lawfull for thee reverend brother to do the work of a Pastour where thou art no Pastour lest thou arrogate to thy self that honour which apperteyns not unto thee Thou art called that is elected and ordeyned a Pastour of some particular Church and not of all churches It is not onely lawfull but requisite that the Pastour of one Church or â—aither he that is the Pastour and so any other member imparte the gift either spirituall or bodily which he hath receaved to other churches out of the common bond of charitie in which he is obliged not so to exequute a publique office over them by the prerogative of authoritie which he hath not but onely over his owne We will illustrate this by a similitude Any citizen of Leydâ—n may enjoy certain priveledges in the cittie of Delph by vertue of the politick combination of the united provinces and cittie under the supream heads thereof the States generall which he is bound also to help and assist with all his power if necessitie require but that the ordinarie magistrate of Leyden should presume to exequute his publique office in the cittie of Delph were an insolent and unheard of usurpation The verie same and not otherwise is to be said of Pastors and particular Churches in respect of that spirituall combination mutuall under their chief and sole Lord Iesus Christ. CHAP. II. Of the administration of Baptism THE Dutch Reformed Churches as is evident by their practise compared with then profession are neither so true unto their own grounds as they ought neither do they so well provide for the dignitie of the thing whilst they administer the Sacrament of Baptism to the infants of such as are not within the Covenant nor have either parent a member of any Church because 1. Baptism now as circumcision of ould is the seal of the covenant of God with the faythfull and their seed
I will be thy God and the God of thy seed Genes 17 9. and the seal of the righteousnes of fayth Rom. 4 11. and is one as there is one sayth and one baptism Ephes. 4 4 5. and therefore ought not to be administred to others then those within the compasse of the same covenant nor but upon fayth coming between either of the partie to be baptized or of one parent at the least If any shall answer that this gratious promise of God is not to be restreined to the next immediate children but is extended euen to those who follow a faâ—r off I grant it except infidelitie or other sin come between by which the parents with themselvs break off their seed externally actually from the coÌ„munion of the church holy things thereof And if we be not to insist in the next and immediate parent why in the grand-father or great-grand-father and so for the rest till we climbe up as high as to Noâ—h himself Whereupon it should follow that not the Infants of Iewes nor of Turks no nor of Gentiles neither should have baptism denyed them Surely the grace of Christ must needs be universall and wherein all have interest if the seal thereof apperteyn unto all Neither should the Church amongst whose sacred furniture Baptism is by this rule be any more the house of God peculiar to his children and servants but more like a common In whose doore stands wide open to all that passe by the high way 2. The Apostle 1 Corinth 7 14. upon this ground that the one parent is a beleever avoweth the childe holy which otherwise he pronounceth impure in respect of the Covenant and holynes thereof leaving unto God his secret judgments Now what have the impure and unhallowed to do with the holy things of God And what hath the Pastour and sheepheard in holy things to do with them who are no portion of the Lords flock What have I to doe sayth the Apostle to judg them that are without Do not ye judg them that are within So reverend brethren what have you to do to baptize them that are without do you not baptize them that are within and them alone In the number of whom yet you reckon not those infants though baptized by you nor belonging to your charge Whence also God knoweth it cometh to passe for the most part that they who are thus by you baptized into the name of the Lord are by their godlesse parents education made the servants of Sathan 3. The Baptism of Infants in all soundnes of judgment serveth and that immediately for the comfort of their godly parents whose hearts it filleth with no small joy whilst they behould the gratious promise of God made to them and their seed ratified and confirmed by this seal even as of ould the circumcision of Isaak was granted and injoyned by God unto Abraham his and our father first and immediately for the confirmation of his fayth Whence I conclude that the seal of the righteousnes of faith which baptism is doth no more belong to the seed of godlesse parents then doth the comfort flowing from the righteousnes of fayth unto the parents themselvs Whom as it would effectually move to more serious and sad thoughts of their own estate with God if they beheld their infants so dear unto them excluded thorough their default from the comfortable â—eal of Gods Covenant so can they not but by the undue administration of the same take occasion of hardening themselvs in their accustomed perversnes I conclude then with Tertullian speaking as Iunius interprets him of the children of such as were strangers from the covenant of God Let them come when they are grown to yearâ—s let them when they have learned and are taught wherefore they come let them then be made Christians when they can know Christ. CHAP. III. Of written Leyturgies VVE cannot but mislike that custome in use by which the Pastour is wont to repeat and read out of a prayer-book certayn formes for his and the Churches prayers and that for these reasons 1. Because this externall mean and manner of worshiping God in prayer is no where found in the written word by the prescript whereof alone he is to be worshipped whatsoever either the Iewes fable of the Leyturgie of Ezra or the Papists of S. Peters or S. Iames Leyturgies Yea contrariwise I add for overplusse that it did not seem good to the Apostles the last penmen of the 〈◊〉 ghost that any such prescript form for such end should come in use in the churches And this seemeth unto me verie clear from the former Epistle of Paul to Timothy chap. 2 1 2. The kings of the earth in those dayes and such as were in authoritie under them being as it were so many sworn enemies of the name of Christ this conceipt might easily and it seems did creepe into the mindes of divers Christians that these kindes of men were raither to be prayed against then for by the servants of Christ. And now what was the medicine prescribed by the Apostle for this maladâ—e in that Epistle written to Timothy for that verie end that he might know how to converse in the church of God Did he now either send Timothy to any Leyturgie formerly let forth for his own and others daâ—â—tion Or did he himself frame any for the purpose whose bâ—â—ten troad the Churches following afterwards should not erre Nothing lesse although a more â—it and full occasion for that busines scarce be offered which without doubt Paul would â—o more have lâ—t slip thâ—n did the other Apostles thâ—t which was more light for the introduction of Deacons if â—t had seemed good to thâ— H. Ghost by whose singeâ— he was guided in the ordering of the Churches that any such book-prayer should have come into use Three things especially are objected which must here be cleared The first is that David and other Prophets penned the book of Psalmes for the mother Church of Israell The second that Christ himself delivered to his disciples a certain form of prayer commonly called The Lords prayer The third that Moses from the Lord Numb 6. gave direction to Aaâ—on and his sonnes in what form of words they should blesse the children of Israel I answer first generally that the consequence followeth not from the authoritie of Christ and of Moses and of the Apostles in ordeyning these and these forms of divine worship for the like authoritie in ordinance Bishops and Pastours to ordeyn other and divers forms for the same end What can be spoken more insolently Christ the Lord Moses the Prophets and Apostles being immediately and infallibly guided by the spirit of Christ have prescribed certain set formes of Gods worship therefore others though not immediately and infallibly guided by the same spirit may also prescribe them Why may they not by this argumentation as well frame us a new Canon of holy Scriptures considering that even thâ—se verie
formes wherewith also they equalize their own are parts and portions of the same Scriptures More particularly And first for Psalms I deny that there is thâ— same reason of a prayer and of a Psalm or whereupon the difference hangeth that singing and praying are all one For the question is not which I desire the Reader once for all to beaâ—â—â—n minde eyther of the internall affection of him which singeth or prayeth or of the subject matter of the song or prayer but of the externall act and exercise of praying and singing Now these two exercises both the holy Scriptures and common sence in everie man that pleaseth but to open his eyes and look upon them do plainly difference For first if to sing be to pray then whosoever singeth prayeth but how far from truth this is the Psalmes of David 1 2 and many others in which not the least parcell of prayer is to be found do plainly evince 2. Is any man sad amongst you sayth the Apostle let him pray is he merry let him sing To pray then and to sing are not the same nor which do agree to wit primarily with the same constitution of the minde 3. In prayer the Pastours voyce is onely heard unto which the people as the Apostle teacheth are to add their Ameâ— but in singing all the multitude have as well their part for tunable voice as the pastour himself Neyther can divers possibly sing together without confusion but by a certain and set form both of words and syllables which yet may be done in church prayer and is everie where 4. We have the same Apostle els where teaching us thus Speaking to your selvs in Psalms Hymnes and spiritual songs c. And again Let the word of Christ dwell in you plenteously with all wisdom teaching and admonishing yourselvs mutually in Psalms Hymns c. In singing then we doe speak to our selvs or one to another mutually but in praying neither to our selvs nor to our brethren but unto God alone And the reason hereof is evident When as we read or sing the Psalms of David for what other thing is it to sing out of a book then to read with a loud and harmonious voice of which Harmonie singing is a kinde these self same Psalms in this verie use do still remain and so are read or sung as a part of the word of God in the holy Scriptures and in which God speaketh unto us whereas on the other side we do speak unto God in all our prayers whether mentall onely or vocall withall 5. Even these verie Psalmes whose matter is prayer and thanksgiving were framed and composed by the prophets into Psalms and spirituall songs for this verie end that the men of God might in them teach us as in the written word of God whereof they are parts both what petitions they in their distresses put up to the Lord and also what thanksgiving they returned upon their deliverance that so we in reading singing them might instruct and admonish ourselvs both publiquely privatly whether by way of doctrine or admonition or consolation for the promoteing of the glorie of God in our hearts Lastly that I may discend unto them who are onely taught by experience If any going out of the temple whâ—lst the Church were singing a Psalm either before or after sermon being asked of one that met him what the church were then doing should answer that it were at prayer would he not be judged by all men to tell a ly But altogether without cause if to sing be to pray as many imagine Touching the Lords prayer We deny it to be the meaning of Christ teaching his dise ples when they pray to say Our father c. to binde them and the Holy Ghost in them by which they ought to pray to a certain form of words sillables which they should repeat by heart or which is our question read out of a book Because 1. the two Euangelists Matthew and Luke of whom both the one and other did aright both understand and expresse the meaning of Christ do not precisely keep the same words 2. By these words when you pray is meant whensoever you pray whereupon it should follow that we were tyed to this stint of words alone and alwaies and so might lawfully use none other except it be lawfull for us sometimes to pray raither by the levell of our own devâ—se then of Christs prescript The words therefore of Cyprian are good in a good sence To pray otherwise then Christ hath taught is not onely ignorance but guilt seeing he himself hath sayd you reject the precept of God that you may observ your own tradition 3. Amongst the manie and manifould prayers of the Apostles to be seen in the holy scriptures this form of words is not found and yet can it not be denyed but they alwaies prayed as they were taught in this place by their Master Christ whose meaning therefore it could not be to tye them necessarily to anie such certain of words 4. It appears by the context that the purpose of Christ is to speak of private or raither secret prayer and such as everie Christian apart from others and in his closet with the doore shut unto him should pour out unto the Lord. Now that one alone and by himself should say Our father seems not verie congtuous Lastly seeing of the like there is the like consideration If the Apostle Iames in these words Go to now ye that say to day or to morrow we will goe into such a cittie c. and vers 15. For that ye ought to say if the Lord will we shall live and doe this or that do neither simplie fault with the form of words nor prescribe necessarily anie other but onely to use Calvins words wakens them from their dream who without respect of the divine providence will make themselvs maysters of a whole yeare when there is not a moment in their power so neither are we to conceav that our Saviour Christ Math. 6. and Luke 11 doth injoin unto his anie set words to pray in but onely shewes whither all our prayers and vowes ought to be referred as with all other orthodox writers about this matter the said Author speaketh howsoever divers unsâ—kilfull men cease not still to sing unto us euen to loathsomnes the song when you pray say as the Papists do theirs This is my bodie as though the controversie were about the words and not raither about the meaning of them But for that we are verie odiously traduced by divers as abhorring from this form and that we will not as they use to speak say the Lords prayer I will in few and plain terms set down what our judgment is about it 1. And seeing that as the Poet hath it the names do commonly suit with the things we may see and sorrow withall in the phrases in common use about this most Christian
duetie of prayer what it is with the unhallowed multitude of Christians to pray namely to say prayer to read prayer to hear prayer and raither any thing then indeed to pray that is then to pour out the conceptions of a godly and devout minde unto God from faith and feeling of our wants by the holy Ghost 2. We do affirm that this form of words is unproperly how commonly soever called the Lords prayer as neither being a prayer as it is the Lords nor the Lords as it is a prayer As it is of the Lord Christ and so the Lords whether by himself uttered in words or committed to writing by his Euangelâ—sts it hath the consideration and respect of a sermon and of Euangelicall doctrine in which Christ taught his disciples and not of a prayer put up to his Father as on the contrarie it neither was nor could be used prayer wise by Christ in so manie words with whose most persit sanctimonie it did not agree for him to say forgive us our trespasses 3. We do firmly beleiv that all and everie both Church and person is bound alwayes to pray as Christ hath there taught whether we respect the matter there propounded or the affections there injoyned or the commodious and compendâ—ous simplicitie which Christ our Saviour and onely mayster there opposeth both to the vain bablings and oft repetitions of the heathens and that in these things and them alone the commandement of Christ doth consist we both firmly beleiv and confidently avow 4. And lastly we doubt not but that this verie form of words may be and is rightly used in prayer unto God provided there be neither opinion of necessitie by which superstitious persons think themselvs stinted by the Lord to words and sillables nor of perfection by which many are of minde that they have then at the last and not before prayed perâ—itly when they have repeated this form of words And it is well if some spot of this myre cleav not to the fingers of many ministers which make it a matter of great conscience not to conclude their and the churches prayers applyed specially to the present state of things with this number and measure of words Which custom as it is used verie commonly so in my judgment with no great reason for these two causes First it seems to crosse all good order and method by which men should dâ—scend from the more generall unto that which is more speciall and not go the clean contrarie way as in this they do Secondly Since the rule according to Phylosophie and good reason is alwaies before the thing ruled and that this form is by Christ instâ—tuted for this purpose that it might be the rule and squire of all our prayers and as Tertullian saith is premised as the foundation of all our accessorie dâ—sâ—â—es me thinks the same should raither be used in the first place upon which as the same author hath it everie one should build the circumstances of his occasioned requests It remayneth that in a few words I answer that which is by some objected touching those solemn blessings at the first imparted by the Patriarks to their first born and after by the Preists to Israel the first born of God And to let passe 1. that the composers and imposers of the Leyturgâ—es now in use have not equall authoritie with Moses the man of God not are thâ—â— writings any way comparable with his 2. That Moses did not prescribe unto the Priests a stâ—nt of words for blessing much lesse to be read out of a book but the substance of the thing which by manie Arguments save that I studie for brevitie might be proved 3. If that were Moses his minde and the Lords by him the minister were bound to the same form of blessing upon the Israell of God now which the church is since there is nothing in it not morall and perpetuall or not concerning the church now as then I do answer this one thing the same in Calvins words viz. that these blessings were not ordinarie prayers but a lawfull authorâ—tie divinely interposed to testifie the grace of election which 〈◊〉 also confirms by divers reasons Neither can anie man who considers the words of the text make question but that the Priests in blessing Israel not God do direct their speach unto Israel by way of promise and not unto God by way of prayer So blesse you saith Moses the children of Israel saying unto them The Lord blesse thee c. The same is to be judged of the salutations of the Apostles in their Epistles whereof they are a part and so a part of the holy Scriptures albeit yet they in them as the Preists in their blessings desired to have their truly loving affection taken knowledg of by them to whom they wrote and what good things they both desired at the hands of the Lord for them and also promised them in his name 2. We dislike all reading of prayer in the act of praying as inconvenient yea directly contrarie unto that act In prayer we do pour out matter to wit the holy conceptions of the minde from within to without that is from the heart to God on the contrarie in reading we do receav and admit matter from without to within that is from the book into the heart Let him that prayeth do that which he doth not another thing not a divers thing Let the whole man and all that he is both in soul and bodie be bâ—nt upon God with whom he converseth The eyes of the minde are lifted to God in prayer and why not the eyes of the bodie also both which â—e that prayeth by intending them upon a book both depresseth averteth from God The Apostle exhorteth that the men pray lifting up pure hands to God in everie place In like manner besides the reason of the thing we have the Patriarks Prophets Christ himself with his Apostles and disciples for insample of lifting up the eyes to heaven in prayer Not this gesture of body is simply necessarie but most convenient save in some great temptation and depression of minde both to expresse and further the intention of a godly heart Let devout and learned men if they please commit to writing their holy meditations and secret conferences with God as did Austin and others amongst the ancients and many of later timeâ— which may be read and that with no small benefit both by Pastour and people but privately and for better preparation unto prayer Now the preparation unto prayer is verie unseasonable at the self-same time of the solemn performance thereof and unreasonable in and by the self same act 3. Seeing that publique prayer as Bucanus saith is a second part of the ministrie as also that amongst the gifts of the holie Ghost wherewith the Pastor is indued from above that is not small not to be despised by which he is able conveniently both for matter and form to conceav
a prayer according to the churches present occasion and necessities by the reading of this prescript form that truly excellent gift giuen of God for this end is made void and of none use and the spirit contrarie to that which ought to be extinguished The manifestation of the spirit saith the Apostle is given to everie one especially to everie Pastour to profit withall But he who reads a form of prayer conceaved and consigned by another doth not manifest the pastorall gift for of the internall affection our question is not of the spirit given to him to profit withall but to that other by whom the form of prayer was indâ—ted 4. If to read such a form of prayer be to pray aright and pastour like no probable reason can be rendred wherefore to read a sermon or homilie is not as well to preach aright and as is required of the Pastour of the Church Which so being small reason had the Apostle treating of the ecclesiasticall ministerie which principally consists in these two exercises to crie out as he did who is sufficient for these things For who is not sufficient even of the vulgar sort who can not read a Leiturgie and an Homilie 5. The spirit saith the same Apostle speaking of all Christians helpeth our infirmities for we know not what to pray as we ought Yes Paul with your lâ—av right well for we have in our prayer-book what we ought to pray word for word whether the spirit be present or not What then is to be done in this busines That which Tertullian saith the Christians of his time did We pray saith he without any to prompt us because we pray from the heart But he who reads his prayers or rather the prayers of him that pâ—nned them and his lesson out of a book hath one that prompts him and that diligently both what and how much and after what manner and with what words and sillables he ought to pray Lastly if it would be just matter of shame to any earthly Father that his childe who desired of him bread fish or an egge should need to read out of a book or paper Father pray you give me bread fish or egge how much more contumelâ—ous is it to our heauenly father and his holy spirit wherewith he furnisheth all his children specially his ministers according to their place that an help so unworthie and more then babeâ—sh and indeed the instrument of a foolish sheepheard namely a bare reader with which kinde of vermin Rome and England are pestered should be used by such godly learned pastors as wherewith the reformed churches are furnished CHAP. IIII. Of the Ecclesiasticall Presbyterie VVE do so acknowledg and approve of as divinely instituted the Presbyteâ—â—es of the particular churches as with all we judg them sundrie waiâ—es defective As first we require that all receaved into the colledg and company of Elders even those which are called governers should be apt to teach and able to exhorte with sound doctrine and convince gâ—â—nsayers and that not onely privately or in the consistorie but in the publick assemblie also as the nature of their publique office requireth I am not ignorant what that learned man Gersom Bucer in his late treatise hath published about this matter neither do I unwillingly assent thereunto provided onely that what he requires in those Elders that they be able to performe publiquely and in the church assembly if not exactly yet competently A second defect which we wish supplyed is that of annuall oâ— tryennuall or temporarie they might be perpetuall and for lâ—fe except by some casualtie or occurrence they be disabled as the pastours themselvs This terme of years for the Elders administration in the Reformed Churches the forenamed author in the same place doth not so much defend as excuse but it seemeth raitheâ— needfull to have it reformed which is also the desire of the said learned man and that for these reasons 1. The Apostle Paul calling unto him the Elders of the church of Ephesus to Mâ—letum doth pronounce of them all as well the governers as those that laboured in the word that they were made Bishops or overseers of the same Church by the holy Ghost Now the authoritie of that the appoâ—nter ought to work in the appointed great conscience not lightly to relinquish that charge which by the disposition of the holy Ghost they had taken upon them 2. The same Apostle doth in the same place admonish and exhort the same Elders that they should take heed unto themselvs and to all the flâ—â—k lest the same after his departure should unhappily be damnified either by wolves entering in among them or such as should rise up from themselvs speaking perverse things Now if the date of their Eldership charge were shortly to be out they might well think with themselvs that the Apostles admonition for after times did not much concern them whose term of office should so shortly be expired and were perhaps to follow the Apostles departure at the heeles 3. It was sacriledg for the Levites being consecrated to the Lord for the service of the Tabernacle and Temple to retire from the office undertaken by them although age growing upon them they were exempted from some the more laboâ—â—ous works of that ministration How then is it lawfull for the Elders or Deacons being now no more at their own disposing but as the Levites of ould the Lords sacred and consecrated ones to withdraw so lightly from his speciall service No man under the Law might change a beast if clean no not a better for a worse if once hallowed to the Lord. How much lesse may the church then discharge her officers or they themselvs ministering faythfully and as they ought Lastly the Apostle Paul instructing the Church in Timothy to keep the commandement of Christ unrebukeable untill that his glorious appearing doth not permit no not to the widowes Dâ—aconesses to â—elinquish the office once taken upon them unto whom for that verie cause he forbids mariage it self otherwise permitted to all and to some injoyned How much lesse lawfull is it for the Elders or Deacons of the church whose both condition and ministerie is far more excellent for far lighter causes to look back and relinquish their vocation wherein Christ hath in such sort placed them A third thing there is and that of most moment viz. that the Elders do not administer their publique office publiquely as they should but onely in their private consistorie And first the administrat on of everie office doth â—n right follow the nature of the same whether domesticall in the familie or civill in the common wealth or spirituall in the Church the Elders office then being publique requires answerable and publique administrat on Not that it is unlawfull for the Elders to convene and meet apart from the bodie and to deliberate of such things as concerns the same and
so to do sundrie things by vertue of their office but because that is not sufficient neither do they indeed fulfill their publique and church office office which in the Lord they have receaved except as privately and and in their consistorie so also and that specially publiquely and in the face of the congregation they exequute the same 2. The Apostle beseecheth them of Thessalonica that they would in love highly esteem for their works sake not onely them which laboured among them to wit in doctrine but them also which were over them in the Lord and admonished them But of the work of their Elders which govern the Reformed churches must needs be ignorant neither doe or can they know whether they be good or bad Their pastours they do prosequute with due love honour out of their own certain knowledg of them and their work but their Elders onely by hearsay Lastly the same Apostle warneth the Elders of â—phesus that they attend take heed to the whole flock in which they were made Bishops But it cannot be that he should ministerially as he ought feed the whole church whose voice the greatest part thereof never so much as once heareth To lead or receav a sheâ—p now and then into the sheepfould to confirm one that is weak or correct one that strayeth and that apart from the flock is in no wise to feed the whole flock as the Apostle requireth And that this point may be made the more plain let us discend unto some such particulars as in which the Elders office seemeth specially to consist And they are the admitting of members into the church upon profession of faith made and the reproving and censuring of obstinate offenders whether sinning publiquely or privately with scandall As we willingly leave the exequut on and administration of these things to the Elders alone in the setled and well ordered state of the church so do we deny plainly that they are or can be rightly and orderly done but with the peoples privatâ—e and consent For the first Christ the Lord gave in charge to his Apostles to preach in his name remission of sins and therewith life eternall and that such Iewes or Gentiles as should beleiv and repent viz. professe holily faith and repentance for to judg of the heart is Gods prerogative they should receav into the fellowship of the Church and baptize And that these all and everie of them were publiquely and in the face of the congregation to be administred the Acts of the Apostles do plentâ—ously make known And if Baptism the consequent of the confession of faith in them baptized and the badg of our consociation with Christ and his Church be to be celebrated publiquely why is not the profession of saith proportionably although by the formerly baptized through a kinde of unorderly anticipation to be made publiquely also and therewithall the consociation ecclesiasticall as the former The covenant privately made and the sâ—al publiquely annexed are disproportionate I further add that since persons admitted into the Church are by the whole bodie if not of enemies at least of strangers become and are to be reputed bâ—ethren â—n Christ most nearly joyned and they with whom they are to call upon one common Father publiquely to participate of one holy bread and with whom they are to have all things even bodily goods after a sort common as everie one hath need it seemeth most equall that not onely the Presbyters the churches servants under Christ but the whole commonaltie also should take knowledg in their persons both of their holy profession of faith and voluntarie submission made as unto Christ himself so to his most holy institutions in his Church To come to the second head And 1. those who sin that is with publique scandall rebuke publiquely sayth the Apostle that others also may fear And if the Elders themselvs of whom he speaketh for whose credit the greatest care is to be taken much more any other as Beza rightly observeth And that not for this cause alone that when the punishment comes to one the fear might reach unto many which yet wise men in all publique exequutions would haue carefully provided for but also that both he that so sinneth may be the more ashamed and others both within and without may withall take knowledg how litle indulgent the Church is to her own dearest ones in their enormous sins 2. With this also it well conforteth that Christ the onely Doctour of his Church would haue not onely sins scandalous committed in publique publiquely reproved and before the multitude but even those which are private obstinately persisted in when he saith Tell the Church c. I am not ignorant how diversly divers men do interpret these words whilst some by the Church do understand the civill come of the Magistrate others the Hierarchicall Bishop with his officials others the senate of Elders excluding the people And thus whilst these strive for the power and name withall of the church amongst themselvs the church indeed and which Christ the Lord meaneth is well nigh stripped both of power and name The first of these three interpretations I will not trouble my self with as being almost of all and that worthily expleded and rejected and aboundantly refuted by divers learned men the two latter are to be aslauâ—tâ—d with almost the same weapons The former of these two though it be in it self the more different from Christs meaning yet comes it in this circumstance now in consideration the nearer the truth in our judgment considered in its exequution since neither the Bishops nor their officials Chauncelours Commisaries or other Court-keepers do exclude the people from their consistories and courts but to offer themselvs in their publique judgments and censures to the veâ—w of all who please to be present thereat And I think 〈…〉 of either amongst Gentiles or Iewes or Christians be it spoken without offence before this last age that publique judgments and other acts of publique nature as these are should be privately exercised and without the peoples privitie It was not so in Israel of ould where by Gods appointment the Elders were to sit and judg in the gates of the cittie nor in the synagogues themselvs from which manie are of minde how truly I will not say that the Christian Eldership was derived after the Roman tyrannie had confined into them the Iewes civill conventions and judgments nor in the primative church no not in some ages after the Apostles as might easily be proved out of Tertullian Cyptian and others if I would trie the matter in that court but it is much more safe as Austin saith to walke by the divine Scriptures And first the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 church originally Greek answering to the Hebrew 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 doth primarily and properly signifie a convention of citizens called from their houses by the publâ—que câ—yer either to hear some publique
sentence or charge given but translated to religious use denoteth an assemblie of persons called out of the state of corrupt nature into that of supernaturall grace by the publishing of the gospell Now the Elders or presbyters as such are and so are said to be called to wit to their office of Eldership but called out they are not being themselvs to call out the church and unto it to perform the cryers office Neither do I think that the name Ecclesia Church hath been used by any Greek author before the Apostles times or in their daies or in the age after them for the assemblie of sole governers in the act of their government or indeed before the same governers had seazed into their own onely hands the churches both name and power But you will say as learned men use to do that these Elders susteyn the person of the whole multitude and supplie their room for the avoiding of confusion and so are â—ightly as commonly called The church representative I answer First no godly no nor reasonable man will affirm that this representation is to be extended to all the acts of religion or indeed to others then these which are exercised in the governing of the Church What is it then The Elders in ruling and governing the Church must represent the people and ocupie their place It should seem then that it appeâ—teyns unto the people unto the people primarily and originally under Christ to rule and govern the church that is themselvs But who will so say of a government not personall but publique and instituted as the churches is 2. If the Elders in their consistorie represent the church then whatsoever they either decree or do agreeing to the word of God whether respecting faith or manners that also the church decreeth and doth though absent though ignorant both what the thing is which is done and upon what grounds it is done by the Elders this being the nature of representations that what the representing doth within the bounds of his commission that the represented doth primarily and much more as but using the other for his instrument Now how dissonant this is to true faith and pietie how consonant unto the Papists implicit faith no man can be ignorant and I had raither wise men should consider then I aggravate 3. The constant and universall practise of the Apostles Apostolick churches do quite crosse this consistorian course The Apostle Paul well acquainted with the meaning of Christ doth 1 Cor. 5. so reduce into practise the rule and prescript of his maister Matth. 18. or to use the words of the Bishop of Chester There commaunds to bring into practise this power In the name of Christ with his spirit as he seems to leav no place for doubting to him who with diligence and without prejudice will compare together these two places what the Lord meaneth when he saith Tell the Church This our Apostle doth in that place reprove not the Elders or governers alone but with them also the whole commonaltie and bodie for tolerating the incestuous person amongst them Which therefore accordingly as his authoritie Apostolicall and care for all the churches dâ—d require he admonisheth and directeth that as mindefull both of the sinners repentance and salvation and therewith of their own puritie they would exclude by due order that wicked man from their holy fellowship And that by these words when ye are come together the whole church is to be understood manie but heavie freinds to the peoples libertie Iesuites Pâ—clatists and others do graunt But we will annex certain reasons for the further clearing of the thing 1. They among whom the fornicatour was who were puffed up when they should have sorrowed and out of the middest of whom he was to be put who had done that thing they were to be gathered together in one and to judg and excommunicate that incestuous person But the fornicatour was not amongst the Elders alone neither were they alone puffed up when they should have sorrowed neither was that wicked man to be taken out of the midst of them and still left in the midst of the people and therefore not to be judged by them alone but by the church with them though governed by them 2. It did not of ould apperteyn onely to the Levites and Elders in Israel to purge out of their houses the materiall leven but to everie father of familie also so by proportion to the whole church now to purge out the leven spirituall there spoken of which also could not leven the whole lump or church in the Apostles meaning except it had concerned the whole church to purge it out 3. The Apostle wrote not to the Elders onely but with them to the whole bodie not to be commingled with fornicators covetâ—us persons or the like called brethren he therefore admonisheth them as the other to cast their stone at the incestuous man for the taking him away from the Lords people Manie more Arguments and the same verie clear might be drawn to this end out of the text it self but for brevitie sake I will omit them and annex this onely one which followeth from the second chapter of the second Epistle The same Apostle writing to these same Corinthians about the same incestuous person but now penitent as before delinquent seriously exhorts them that look what severitie they had formerly shewed in censuring him for his sin the like compassion they would now shew in â—eceaving him again upon his repentance therein plainly insinuateing that this busines was not in the hands of the Elders alone except we will say that they alone were made sad by the Apostles reproof that they alone by their studie defence indignation zeal c. testified that they were pure in the thing and except it belonged to them alone to pardon and comfort the repentant sinner and to confirm their love unto him And whereas some would inclose this whole power within the Apostles circuit as if he alone Bishop-like had passed sentence judiciaâ—ie upon the offender and onely committed the declaration and publication of it in the church to some his substitute I deem it not lost labour breifly to â—hew how erroneous this opinion is of externall monarchicall government yea power also which is more in the church of Christ. And first one alone how great soever cannot suffice to make the Church or a congregation which Christ hath furnished with power of binding and loosing Math. 18 17 18. both reason and scripture teaching that for an assembly and congregation at least two or three are required ver 19. The Church which name signifies a multitude designeing by a new trope one alone singular person as saith D. Whitakers against Stapleton going about to prove that the name of the church belongs to the Pastours or Byshops or Pope alone 2. It is expresly affirmed 2 Cor. 2 6. that the incestuous person was censured by many which
many or more the Apostle opposeth to himself alone as appeareth by the context and not to all as some erroneously think 3. The Apostle plainly and sharply reproveth the Corinthians for that before his writing they had not voyded that sinfull man their holy fellowship and so prevented the reporte by which such a crime and the same unpunished came to his ears This their power then the man of God doth not seaze into his own hands as forfeyt by their default in not using it but vehemently and as became a faithfull minister exhorts and admonistâ—es them to use it as they ought in the judging purging out and taking from among themselvs that wicked man and so any other within or called a brother sinning in the like manner 4. If the Apostle Paul being absent from Corinth had excommunicated this sinner then had he judicially condemned and judged a man unaccused unconvicted and unreproved at least face to face and before his judg then which what more unjust can be imagined of or ascribed unto the holy Apostle I conclude therefore with Peter Martyr The Apostle as great as he was doth not so far usurp to himself power as that he one and alone by himself should excommunicate which yet the Pope and maâ—y Bishops both Romish and English dare do Injudging he goes before others as it is meet the cheif in the Church should do that so the lesse skilfull multitude might be directed in judging by their voting before them Thus much of this place The next followeth which is Acts 1 When another was to succeed in the room of Iudas the traytour not Peter alone or the Apostles with him but that the ordination might be just and lawfull being made with the knowledg of the people assistent and examined by the verdit and judgment of all the multitude of the disciples together did substitute two whom they deemed most excellent that of them the Lord who knew the hearts of all men might take unto himself the man which he knew most fit That which belonged unto God namely to designe an Apostle immediately was left unto him the disciples also in this work reteâ—â—ing what might be their libertie which Calvin notes upon this place to have been a kinde of middle temper The third place followeth which is Act. 6. handling the choice of Deacons and that by the same Church in Ierusalem not now small as before but which I wish may be marked to stop the passage which some think lyes open for escape through smaller assemblies now become great and populous In this busines the Apostles informe the church what kinde of men they ought to chuse the multitude chuseth whom they judg fit and meet accordingly and the same present to the Apostles upon whom so chosen by the people the said Apostles impose hands as a solemn symbole of their consecration joyning therewith common prayer Now if the Deacons onely betrusted with the churches monie were not to be made but by the peoples suffrage and election much lesse Pastors Elders unto whose fidelitie under Christ the same Church doth commit the incomparable treasure of their souls To the same purpose in regarde of the matter in hand serveth that which we read Act. 14 23. where Paul and Barnabas do ordeyn Elders in everie Church by suffrages not their own as some fancie unto whom to lift up to lay on hands is all one but the peoples or by the lifting up of hands by which signe the Grecians as appears in Demosthenes and others the peoples vote or voyce-giving in their popular assemblies was wonte to be made I ad which is especially to be observed that the Apostles in doing their part in the ordination of Elders did what they did as it were by the way staying onely most like two or three daies in a place so as they could not possibly by their own experience take sufficient knowledg what persons in the church were apt to teach or govern who able to exhort with sound doctrine to convince the gainsayers how unblamable they were how watchfull given to hospitalitie temperate c. and with these how mannered wives and children they had These things onely the bretheren which conversed with them publiquely and privately could sufficiently take knowledg and experience of Vpon their electing them did the ordination conferred by the Apostles as the hands of the Church depend By election the persons elected have right to their offices into the actuall possession whereof they are solemnly admitted by ordination This troup of proofes that known and notable place Act. 15. shall shut up in which we have the peoples libertie in the churches both of Antioch and Ierusalem plentifully confirmed and commended by Apostolick practise to ensueing churches and times And first it is evident that in the church of Antioch together with the Elders which it appears then it had Act. 14 21 23. the brethren were admitted into the fellowship of the busines and disquisition made about circumcision Paul Barnabas with the rest of the delegates then sent being brought on their journey by the church ver 3. the letters also being written back from Ierusalem to the brethren which were at Antioch ver 23. and which is specially to be noted then and not before delivered when the multitude were come together vers 30. So in the church at Ierusalem the messengers from Antioch were receaved not onely of the Apostles and Elders but of the Church with them vers 4. And as the question was propounded so was it discussed before the whole church by the Apostles Elders comming together to look unto that busines ver 6. yet not so as the brethren were wholly bound to silence seeing that ver 11. the whole multitude is said to have held their peace that is to have yeilded to Peters speach and reasons Lastly as Silas and Iudas were sent with Paul and Barnabas by the Apostles and Elders with the whole Church unto Antioch vers 22. so were the letters written back in the name of them all to the brethren at Antioch ver 23. And although the decrees to be observed by the churches of the Gentiles whereof no one excepting Antioch had any delegates present which were also part of the word of God and holy Canon could come from none other then the Apostles immediately inspired by the H. Ghost they notwithstanding in the publishing of the same did not disdam the consenting suffrage of the brethren of that particular church of Ierusalem where the assembly was And surely if it ever did or could apperteyn to any church officers or governers whatsoever to represent the church-assemblies in elections censures and other Ecclesiasticall judgments and occurrences then without doubt unto the Apostles in an eminent and peculiar manner especially living in that rude and childish state of the church considering both how superlative their office was and how admirable their gifts
and endowments of the holy Ghost together with their incomparable both pietie prudence by which they were both most able and willing to promote the Christian faith in holynes And although this constant and uniform both practise and institution of the Apostles unto divers politick persons swelling with pride of fleshly reason dispising Apostolicall simplicitie and who as â—â—eneus speaks would be rectifiers of the Apostles seem worthie of light regard yet to us who beleiv with Theodoret that we ought to rest in the Apostolicall and propheticall demonstrations and who with Tertullian do adore the fulnes of the Scriptures they seem of singular weight and moment And whilst I consider with my self in the fear of God how it was the Apostles duetie to teach the disciples of Christ to observ whatsoever he commanded them and how the Apostle Paul testifieth that even the things which he wrote touching order and comlynes to be observed in the church-exercises were the commandements of the Lord as also how the same Apostle clearly professeth that he and his fellow officers were onely to be reputed as ministers and ambassadours of Christ to whom therefore in the exequution of their office it was not permitted to do or speak the least thing which they had not in charge from him it is unto me a matter of great scruple and conscience to depart one hair-breadth extraordinarie accidents ever excepted from their practise institution in any thing truely ecclesiasticall though never so small in it self whatsoever by whomsoever and with what colour soever is invented and imposed touching the government of the church which is the house and tabernacle of the living God And a partner in this faith I do hope to live and die and to appear before Iesus Christ with bouldnes in that great and fearfull day of his coming I add that seeing the Christian congregation as the spouse of Christ free and ingenuous hath the church officers whosoever as Christ Iesus her housbands so also her servants for Iesus sake whom under Christ she trusteth with her eternall salvation and unto whom for their labour shee oweth wages for releif and maintenance Considering also how much it makes both to whet on the diligence of the ministers and to inforce the diligence of the people whilst these on the one side consider with themselvs how they have them set over them whom above others themselvs have liked and made choice of and they on the other side that they are set over those by whom they before others were made choice of and elected that which Cyprian hath seemeth most equall and of institution morall and unchangeable that the commonaltie fearing God keeping his commaundements should have the speciall hand either in chusing of worthie Preists or ministers or of rejecting the unworthie which also saith he we see to be founded upon divine authoritie The same is to be held of excommunication Seeing that it behooveth the Christian multitude to avoide the fellowship of the excommunicated not onely in the course of religion but even in common and familiar conversation the rights of nature familie and common wealth ever kept inviolated and that whom yesterday I was to repute a brother near and dear in Christ to morrow I must hould as an Heathen and Publican and as for the destruction of the flesh delivered to Sathan who is so unequall a judg as not to think it a most equall thing that the multitude should clearly and undoubtedly take knowledg both of the heynousnes of the crime and incorrigeable contumacie of the person after the use of all means and remedies for reclayming him This if it be not done then doth not the church herein live by her own but by her officers faith neither are her governers to be reputed as servants but Lords unto her neither do they exercise their office popularâ—lie in the church as they ought but tyrannicallie as they ought not by Chrisostoms verdit His words are these He who bears himself upon an externall and worldly power because he rules legally and that men must of necessitie obey him doth oft times and that not without cause exercise authoritie against the will and wel-liking of his subiects But on the other side he who will be over those who voluntarily submit unto him and can him thank and yet will presume to do things as himself liketh as if he were to give account to none other thereof that man raither exerciseth his authorâ—tie tyrannically then popularly The Lord God put it into the hearts of those who bear greatest sway in the reformed churches to indeavour the furnishing of the same with such Elders as may both fully and constantly and popularly discharge their place for the peace of their own conscâ—ences before God the edification of the Churches over which they are set as also for the abateing if not abolishing of that contempt in which Prelatâ—sts and supercilious persons use to hould these lay-Elders as they call them But now lest any should take occasion either by the things here spoken by us or els where of us to conceave that we either exercise amongst our selvs or would thrust upon others any popular or democraticall Church-government may it please the Christian Reader to make estimate of both our judgment and practise in this point according to these three declarations following First we beleev that the externall Church-government under Christ the onely mediatour and monarch thereof is plainly aristocraticall and to be administred by some certain choice men although the state which manie unskilfully confound with the government be after a sort popular and democraticall By this it apperteyns to the people freely to vote in elections and judgments of the church in respect of the other we make account it behoves the Elders to govern the people even in their voting in just libertie given by Christ whatsoever Let the Elders publiquely propound and order all things in the church so give their sentence on them let them reprove them that sin convince the gain-sayers comfort the repentant and so administer all things according to the prescript of Gods word Let the people of faith give their assent to their Elders holy and lawfull administration that so the ecclesiasticall elections and censures may be ratified and put into solemn exequution by the Elders eyther in the ordination of officers after election or excommunication of offenders after obstinacie in sin 2. We doubt not but that the Elders both lawfully may and necessarily ought and that by vertue of their office to meet apart at times from the bodie of the Church to deliberate of such things as concern her welfare as for the preventing of things unnecessarie so for the preparing according to just order of things necessarie so as publiquely and before the people they may be prosequuted with most conveniencie and least trouble that may be 3. By the people whose libertie and right in voteing
Christ Math. 24 20. Pray that your flight be not in winter nor on the Sabboth I am not ignorant how the most divines both ancient and later do understand this sermon as Chrisostom saith as made of the Iewes seeing that as the same authour hath it neither the Apostles did observ the Sabboth day neither yet were they in Iudea when these things were done of the Romans many of them having departed this life and the rest if anie survived having bestowed themselvs in other places But with due reverence to them all be it spoken it seemeth by the text to be otherwise For 1. Christ made not this sermon to the Iewes as Iewes but to his disciples and those alone and the same comming unto him secretly to be taught by him whom he forewarned in the same place how that first at the hands of the Iewes in Iudea and after of the Gentiles every where they should be evill intreated for his names sake v. 3 4 9. 25 26. with Luke 21. 12. Secondly our Saviour in saying Pray ye makes it plain that that he speaks of them and their associates unto whom he speakes to wit Christians Lastly how could it be that Christ who by his death now drawing so neare as that there was but a step unto it was to abrogate and abolish all Iewish ceremonies and shadowes should to carefully provide for the so religious observation of a shadowish and ceremoniall sabboth and that not for a day or two but for so many yeares after the same his death Could anie thing more weightie be spoken by Christ or which could more deeply imprint in the hearts of men a religious regard of the Sabboth then that it behooved them to obteâ—n by prayer at Gods hands that they might not be constâ—eined unto that thing although permitted them of God in case of urgent necessitie which might violate and interrupt the publique and solemn sanctification thereof It is true then which Chrisostome saith that the Apostles did not observ the Sabboth to wit Iewish but the Christian Sabboth oâ— Lords day they did undoubtedly celebrate The fift and last Reason may be fetcht from the verie Gentiles themselvs who directed by the glimps of the light of nature how darkly soever shineing in them had their holy daies and some of the same such as in which not so much as the pleading and determining of suites were admitted It seemeth naturall that some day and morall that some day certain and distinct be sacred unto God and the same as Iunius saith every seaventh day in which men forbearing all servile works may consecrate and give themselvs to God in the duties of pietie and of charitie to men Which with what hinderance unto the one and other is everie where neglected can scarse either be uttered or conceaved For what traâ—vaâ—l if upon the overslipping of the most seasonable seed-time a slender harvest follow or that the market day being neglected penuâ—ie of provision should be found in the family We christ anâ— have the Lords day by the Lord Christ assigned us for the exercises of pietie and mercie in which he offers and exhibits hâ—rself in the fruits of his gracious presence in a singular manner to be seen and injoyed of his religiously observing the same Let us at no hand as alike unmindfull of Gods ordinance and mans infirmitie suffer the fruit of such a benefit to dy in our hands but let us accordingly acknowledg the same in thought word and work to his honour and our own good CHAP. VIII Of the exercise of Prophecie THere are they whose names I forbear for their credits sake who have not spared and that in their publique writings to lay to our charge that we will needs have all and everie member of the Church a Prophet and to prophesie publiquely With what mindes they let loose their tongues to utter these and manie mo most false and absurde vituperies against us we leav it to God to judg who knoweth with what conscience and desert of credit therein unto thee Christian Reader into whose hands this our Apologie shall come We learn from the Apostle Paul 1 Cor. 14 3. that he who prophesieth speaketh unto men to edification exhortation comfort which to perform conveniently and as becomes the church-assemblie we make account comes within the compasse but of a few of the multitude happily two or three in each of our churches considering their weak and depressed estate Touching prophesie then we think the verie same that the Synode held at Embden 1571 hath decreed in these words 1. In all churches whether but springing up or grown to sâ—me ripenes let the order of prophesie be observed according to Pauls institution 2. Into the fellowship of this work are to be admitted not onely the ministers but the teachers too as also of the Elders and Deacons yea even of the multitude which are willing to confir their gift receaved of God to the common utilitie of the Church but so as they first be allowed by the judgment of the ministers And as the Apostle sometâ—mes said We beleev and therefore we speak so because we beleev with the Belgick churches that this exercise is to be observed in all congregations therefore we also observ it in ours Of this our both faith practise we have these amongst other speciall foundations The first we fetch from the examples in the Iewish church where libertie both for teaching and disputing publiquely both in temple and synagogue was freely given to all gifted accordingly without respect had to any office If any object that the examples of Christ and the Apostles in this case are incompetent seeing that Christ was furnished with his own and the Apostles with his authoritie he alledgeth that which is true in it self but to small purpose considering we lay not our foundation in this that Christ and his Apostles so dâ—d but in that libertie so to do was alwaies and in all places graunted sometimes offered them This libertie they obteyned not by the authoritie of Christ which the Rulers of the Synagogues Temple no more acknowledged then they did Christ himself but by the order then receaved and still continued to this day amongst the Iewes that they whom with the Scriptures they call wise men without all regard of publique office having any word of exhortation to the people should say on as we have it written Act. 13 23. Whereunto â—ad that divers of them in whom we instance were furnished with no such authoritie specially from Christ. The second we take from the Apostle Paul 1 Cor. 14 where to the full he informeth the church at Corinth of the order of that exercise which they had formerly violated Which whole order according to Bezaj is apparently taken from the receaved custom in the Iewish Synagogues Which custom saith Peter Martyr seeing it was of â—uld both good and laudable in the synagogues of the
who are called and accounted the people of God do bear as it were in their forheads the name of God whereupon it cannot but come to passe that before men even God himself after a sort should be steyned with their filth And this I deem the raither to be observed seeing that there are to be found and these not a few who would thrust upon the churches of our thrice holy Lord a verie stage-like holynes stoutly striveving to make it good that to constitute a true and lawfull member of the visible church no more is required then that a man with his mouth confesse Christ although in his works he plainly declare himself to be of the synagogue of Sathan But what saith the holy spirit of these impure spirits They professe they know God saith the Apostle but in their works they deny him being abhominable and rebellious and to everie good work reprobate Are abhominable persons to be brought into the temple of God rebellious persons into the kingdom of God such as are reprobate unto everie good work into the familie of God which is as it were the Storehouse of all good works If anie one that is called a brother be a fornicatour or covetous or idolatour or rayler or drunkard or extortioner or anie waie a wicked one such a one by the Apostles direction is to be expelled and driven out of the churches confines And seeing that as one truly saith It is a matter of greater contumelie to thrust out then to keep out a guest with what conscience can such plagues be receaved into the church to the purgeing out wherof the same church furnished for that end with the power of Christ stands in conscience bound or by what authoritie I pray can such persons be compelled into the bosom of the spouse of Christ as for the expelling of whom far from her fellowship imbraceing all authoritie ought to conspire He that saith he hath fellowship with God and walks in darknes is a lyer and doth not truly Profession of Christ therefore with the mouth in those that work the works of darknes and so by consequence that by which a man is raither branded for a naturall child of the divell then marked for a true member of the Church Lastly David that holy man of God and tipe of Christ doth holily professe that he who works deceipt shall not continue in his house And shall the workers of decept and of all wickednes not onely be admitted but even constreyned into the house of the living God which the church is O Iehovah holynes becometh thine house to length of dayes Which notwithstanding a sicknes desperate of all remedie that so it stands with the Church of England no man to whom England is known can be ignorant seeing that all the natives there and subjects of the kingdom although never such strangers from all shew of true pietie and goodnes and fraught never so full with manie most heynous impieties and vices of which ranck whether there be not an infinite and far the greater number I would to God it could with anie reason be doubted are without difference compelled and inforced by most seveere lawes civill ecclesiasticall into the bodie of that church And of this confused heap a few compared with the rest godly persons mingled among is that nationall church commonly called the Church of England collected and framed And such is the materiall constitution of that church But if now you demaund of me how it is formally constituted whether upon profession of fayth and repentance in word at least made by them of years any combynation and consociation of the members into particular congregations which consociation doth formally constitute the ministeriall Church and members thereof as both the Scriptures and reason manifest either is or hath been made since the universall and Antichristian apostasie and defection in poperie Nothing lesse but onely by their parrish perambulation as they call it and standing of the houses in which they dwell Everie subject of the kingdom dwelling in this or that parrish whether in cittie or countrie whether in his own or other mans house is thereby ipso facto made legally a member of the same parrish in which that house is situated and bound will he nill he fit or unfit as with iron bonds and all his with him to participate in all holy things some unholy also in that same parrish church If any object that yet the minister of the parish may suspend from the supper of the Lord flagitious persons and so by complaint made to M. Chancelour or M. Officiall procure their excommunication to let passe that this is meerly a matter of form for the most part and a remedie as ill as the disease I do answer that even by this is proved undeniablie that which I intend viz. that all these parrishioners before mentioned are not without but within and members of the Church and the same as before constituted whom she judgeth There is besides these a third evill in the way and the same as predominant and overtopping all other things in that church as was Saul higher then all the rest of the people and with whose Rehoboam-like â—inger we miserable men are pressed and oppressed and that is the Hierarchicall church government in the hands of the Lord Bishops and their substitutes the verie same with that of Rome the Pope the head onely cut off upon whose shoulders also many though not without notable injurie would place the supreme Magistrate and administred by the self same Canon law Now this vast and unsatiable Hierarchicall gulfe swallowing up and devouring the whole order and use of the presbyterie and therewith the peoples libertie and withall by M. Parkers testimonie with whom a Bishop in England is the Pastour of the whole diocesse and the Priests or ministers onely his delegates and helpers the verie office of the Pastours themselvs as did the seaven lean and evill favoured kine the seaven fat and the seaven wizened ears the seaven full that went before them and so by consequence not being of Christ the Lord but of him rayther who opposeth and advanceth himself against whatsoever is called God or is worshiped so as he sits in the Temple of God as God for unto God alone dwelling in his Temple it apperteyns to appoint the offices of the ministers to prescribe the peoples bonds our hands are bound by that supreme and sole authoritie of Iesus Christ in his Churches upon which both the order of Presbyterie and libertie of people and office of Pastour are founded and from whom as the one onely Lord all ecclesiasticall power floweth and by whom all ministeries are instituted from giving any the least honour or obedience to the same hieâ—archicall exaltation in it self or its subordinates which as phylosophiâ— teacheth are one with it Wherein yet I would not so be understood as if we were