to the next page where he conclusively sets down the literary Grammer as a Deficient Thereby manifesting his former division meant respectu status perfectionis as a child is distinguishable from a man And so I conceive his divided expression receptible as if he had continuately said There is a sort of Grammer such as Lilie's c. compos'd on the meer score of Authority no way prying into the reasons those Authors had for their so speaking As Caesar in his Books De Analogiâ did and our self thereby admonish'd have conceived and comprehended in our mind how to do Which conception or intendment is my security that neither those writings of Caesar nor of any else * The hereafter so often quoted Tract of Sealiger De causis Lingua Latinae mainly interpreting the Philosophy of that language more particularly as it floweth from the Greek precisely on this Subject are extant Being confident that if any since had writ thereon it had been of publick use as so tending to a recovery of the lost rationality of Latine Syntax now taught by meer observation concluding an expression congruous only because it s so read in Cicero Terence Virgil or Ovid. As if the knowledge of things by accidents were equally certain to that which cometh by their causes and that notions entring through the doore of the understanding come no better prepared for retention then do such as like meer sounds are only thrust in at the ear-windores His Lordships design in his propos'd Treatise of the divers properties of Languages That should shew in what point every particular language did excel and in what point it was deficient that tongues might be inrich'd and perfected by mutual entertraffique one with another so that a pattern might be drawn for the true expression of the inward sense of the mind from every part which is excellent in every language insomuch that observable conjectures might be taken touching the natural dispositions of People and Nations even from their Languages I pretend to no such perfection in language as to engage therein further then as the diversity of Idioms shall invite me to their examination in pursuance only of my first declar'd intendment Wherein so worthy a pattern would have fortified the sedulity of my imitation had his Lordship been pleas'd to declare what course either his Excellency took or himself designed for the stating of that Analogie which at this largeness the reasons * Viz. in my address to the University hereafter manifested invite me to select from Aristotle with hope only that in an age wherein the wildest conceipts even of the transcendent entity do find acceptance I need not despair of pardon If by reducing the received parts of Speech to BEING MOTION and QVALITY as their principles analogical to his * Arist 1. Phys c. 6. text 42. MATTER FORM and PRIVATION I do my Countryman but so much service as in his passage through the English and Latine Grammers the easing of his memory from the trouble of retaining more than hath been first digested by his reason These Books following are to be sold by Thâ— Basset in St. Dunstans-Church-yard in Fleetstreet THe General Practice of Physick Orbis Miraculum or the Temple of Solomon pourtrayed by Scripture-light c. by Samuel Lee Minister at Bishopsgate London Thirty Sermons preached at Milkstreet London by Anthony Farindon B. D. Baxters Treatise of Conversion Reformed Pastor Hooles Grammer Parnassi Puerperium or some well-wishes to Ingenuity in the Translation of Owen Martial and Sir Tho. Mores Epigrams by Tho. Peck of the Inner Temple Gent. The Life and Reign of King Charles from his Birth to his Burial by Peter Heylin A Physical Discourse touching the Nature and Effects of the Couragious passions written in French by Le chambre and translated into English by a Person of Quality A Discourse of the Principles of Chiromancy written in French by Le chambre and translated by a Person of Quality A Survey of the Law containing Directions how to prosecute and defend personal actions usually brought at Common Law with the Judges opinions in several cases by â—illiam Glisson and Anthony Gulston Esqs and Baristers at Law The Exact Law-giver containing the Chiefest grounds of the Laws of England The Principles of Christian Religion by James Usher Archbishop of Armagh ERRATA PAge 11. line ult for being in a sort read being a sort p. 12 l. 19. after the word right stop thus p. 21. l. 20. blot out the first my p. 40. l. 25. for as r. at p. 44. l. 20. for i conceive p. 54. l. 7. for whtch r. which p. 58. l. ult at the word action stop thus p. 59. l. 1. blot out that p. 65. l. 1. for quantites r. quantities p. 66. l. 6. l. 30. for proposition r. preposition Ibid. l. 9. for minis r. nimis p. 67. l. 4. for my score r. my own score p. 68. l. ult for fo r. for p. 71. l. 25. for n r. In Ibid. in marg for argumenti r. argumentis p. 93. l. 24. for quam read quum p. 87. l. 4. blot out s. Herm'aelogium The first PART CHAP. 1. Treating of the said words in their several respective analogies And first of the word of Being or noune substantive in its analogie to matter IN the first place I offer those words which serve to express the Essence or Existence of the Universe whether in its innumerable parts or whole bulk actions or passions as properly called words of Being In regard they are both the denominators of entity and also the basis of motion even as Matter is of Form And as we cannot conceive Form without presupposing Matter no more may we sententiously express a motion without its precedent Being all motion necessarily proceeding ab aliquo quiescente Also as matter doth appetere catch at or invade form in order to forms formed So Being directeth Motion towards another Being * Quies privatio est simul perfectioâ—ei See Com. Magyr l. r. c. 6. qualified for the complement of a Sentence The first being the material and the last the formal or final cause of the motion Wherefore also as in the one place it is terminus à quo active and therefore governing It followeth that in the tother it be terminus ad quem fit motus and consequently sensu receptitiae perfectionis passive and so governed The same is hinted at by our LILLIE under the questions WHO or WHAT and WHOM or WHAT The first as the nominative case to and the second as the casual word of the Verb which last I hereafter distinguish by name of a word of Sense in regard that by its sensuality it compleateth this Phylosophie of a sentence To which neither the Verb impersonal its Latine succedaneum the Gerund with the Verb of Being nor the Infinitive Mood can be an exception While the word or words mediately following the first and immedately the second are in sense as their nominative case
In that they are their material cause or basis and the third signifieth no other then the essence * Part 3. cap 1. ot indefinit Being of a Motion Which the Greeks and English observe while they denominate their Verbs by the Infinitve mood as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 To love c. Wherefore our Author teacheth that when two Verbs meet together the latter shall be the Infinitve Mood That Mood so placed bearing the same signification with an essential word of sense as when placed before the Verb it doth of a word of Being and serves either to govern or be Governed by the Verb accordingly And because it often doth this accompanyed not only by words of the same sort by way of apposition but by the Infinitive Mood and a word of Being so answering both the questions WHOM and WHAT Our Author adds that Aliquando ratio est verbo nominativus Which aliquando I suppose he would have understood as a conditional semper As if he had said Whenever you meet with any number of words without a Verb in a Mood other then the infinitive know that they all can amount to no compleat sentence but only to such a Ratio as may serve for a nominative case to the Verb. And the reason therefore is that they signifie no more then one word of Being as is evident even by the example he there instanceth out of Ovid Ingenuas didicisse fideliter artes Emollit mores All which but for the emphasis and verse which are but as the second intentions of language might have been as fully expressed by one word of Being as if he had said Literatura emollit mores CHAP. 2. Of the word of Motion or Verb in its analogie to Form PRoceeding secondly to motion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 according to its passage I observe it twofold viz. either going from or else coming towards the first sententiously expressed Being as I love or I am loved Yet transpositis terminis this duplicity will appear to be but so many gradual expressions of one and the same motion As when I say JOHN LOVETH JOAN I thereby but only express the action of love as barely proceeding from John towards Joan and so a Cat may look upon a King But if I say JOAN IS LOVED BY JOHN I then not only express as much but also manifest the energie of Johns love-motion to be such as that Joan is therein passionately concern'd And hence with submission to my more learned Readers I conceive the antients came todistinguish the one by name of a Verb passive from that other of an active And particularly the Latins with whom this voice is most Idiomatical to form the passive from the active by the only addition of the letter R And that Magyrus also in his * lib. 1. c. 4. Physiologie comes to declare that Motus in duobus consistit he doth not say duo motus in agente scil Patiente Thereby however excluding our Authors Neuter-passives Common and Deponents as products of a vain attempt of reconciling the Latine and English Idioms not considering how the first denominate their Verbs à causâ causae and the last à causâ causati Which once observed it will be evident that the Romans were never * To multiply divisions to their lowest particularity is an errour in Science L. Vetu◠ibid. guilty of troubling us with any such subdivision As for instance Vapulo and Exulo must with them needs be Verbs active It being their Philosophie that Nemo laeditur nisi à scipso And so must Precor and Meditor be passives since it was as well their Theologie that Timor primos fecit in orbe Deos. Loquor likewise and Argumentor strictly understood being when we speak or argue the sense of others Besides that admitting of a gradation it were not Scholastick to multiply its comparative Arithmetick beyond a third a where I state the Verb impersonal as in the following Chapter is expressed CHAP. 3. Of the word of Quality or Noun-Adjective in its analogie to Privation c. OUR Author telling us that the coherence of the former word with its nominative case is in respect of number and person I reserve it s said superlative gradation as more properly explainable among those and the variations of the whole three The last whereof I now offer as the daughter of Privation or in corporeal naturalities Proportion both being here understood in order to perfection By which as we attain to the distinction of great and little as a quantity so of good and evil as a quality and by it come we to the useful knowledge of quantitative qualities to make them also adjectible to Beings For although naturally they admit not of comparison the least drop being logically as much water as is the whole Sea Yet being coacervated as they take up the rooms of great and little two being more then one and three then two c. they become convertible with good and evil the biggest as we use to say caeteris paribus being alwayes the best And sithence we find dilatation and good to be euqally appetible by all Beings the conversion cannot be improper As is partly demonstrable by a Cyphon Wherefore we call a great house a good house and so do we complement My very good Lord c. Which nevertheless to wrest too much to a Political sense were to make contentment no other than a lazie patience Ot if to a Theological to be forced with that otherwise thrice learned * Campanella in Atheismo triumphato Dominican sometimes of my acquaintance in PARIS to defend covetousness to be no sin and consequently with some Philosophers of the Neotericks be seduced practically to confound Honestum with Utile Wherefore its observable that both quantity and quality become distinguishers of good and evil only mediately The one by coacervation as aforesaid and the other by separation Unum verum bonum ens quatenus ens being alwaies the same But if we apply an Entity or Being to a praeternatural use Amygdalae amarae noxiae vulpibus I. Mart. Met. sect 6. then shall we find as was retorted by the Hollander that English Ale is no better to thatch housen then is Dutch butter to stop Ovens Or otherwise if we contemplate several beings of the same kind or sort by the privation of some particle of perfection in the one we learn to value the excellency of the other And in case there be two beings herein compatible there the senses immediately summon a Court of Survey where opinion sitting as Judge decides the controversie by the line or measure of comparison Which subjects all qualities under so variable a construction it being impossible that all Beings should be affected to one and the same Quality more than all Qualities may be rationally adjectible to one Being Or to instance that Elementary Being which is permanent in its affection towards a single Quality or Being so qualified Since
distinguish them from dead Being As for our Authors Common of three I observe that as proper only for the declension of Adjectives it being impossible a Being should be living and dead at the same instant Vegetives in regard their multiplication is at a distance are when their termination invites it content to be articulated neutrally as * Mas semina Absynthium Otherwise for the most part we read them promiscuously specified aswell by the masculine as feminine gender The distinguishment of their sex being a knowledge peculiar only to Physitians So that I dare not induce a reason for our Authors strict muliebrity of Alnus quia alatur amne While I find amnis both masculine and femininely declin'd Neither can his first special Rule oblige me to it whiles Pinus coming also within that verge I find masculinely and by Mr. Hollyoak's observation aswell feminiely declin'd Wherefore where our Author saith that Appellativa arborum erunt muliebria ut Alnus I understand him as only telling me he never read it otherwise But since it s my present undertaking to endeavour to reach the reason of the Ancients for what our Author delivers on the meer account of observation The use the Ancients made of that Tree being mainly for shipping as appeareth not only by the authority of Pliny but also that the Brittains do at this day call the Shipmast although consisting of other timber by name of that * Gỽernen y Llong tree therefore were I not thereby necessitated to heteroclite it I should after Plinie's example take the Tree for the Ship that is thereof built or at least wise that by it is perfected and so make it a tropical feminine as Domus And who knoweth but that in the infant refinement of the language it was so taken and declined while Mr. Hollyoake derives it from the same root with Quercus Since as * In Epist dedicat Dr. Taylor well observes Voces familiaris sermo suas habent vicissitudines magis convenit inter linguas Gallicam Italorum quâm Latinitati sequioris aevi cum Ennianâ CHAP. II. Of the Cases THe second variation of this word is according to the respective conditions it may serve in whether Genitive Dative Accusative or Ablative The service it doth Vocatively being barely Salutatorie and Nominatively either as apposited to a word of its own sort or subjected only to its own motion And therefore do I rather adventure on this my own fancyed conditional definition of the Cases then comply with the learned Scaligers à Cadendo 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as he * Ibid. p. 183. renders it that extraction too much entrenching on the state of this Case whose said imployment can be adjudged no more cadent than for one hand to serve another The services it performs in its other conditions are first as it is governed by another word of Being And so it serves the English man commonly Genitively The house of his father and the use of his friend sounding to him alike But with the Roman the first bearing the sense of a possession and the second of an instrument therefore that shall be govern'd Genitively and this Ablatively and that for reasons in its motional governance speciâ—ed As for its Dative service I observe that either to Substantives compounded with such Prepositions as our Author notes to bring the Verb so governing as Mihi praefectus advocatus contu c. or else to a Being qua qualitative as urbi pater i. e. Patronus The English to the Adjective subjecting it all one way and in as many conditions as do the Latins which is in all the four As Novitatis avida Sis bonus tuis Dives Nummis Gnomon septem pedes longus Greedy of news Be good to thy own Rich in money A line seven foot loog Which last only soars up to the Latine rationality the rest carrying their signs before them and so in my opinion may excuse the English man from the trouble of conning our Authors dilatations on this Rule Sithence as we must necessarily know before we can compose so doth the English inform what condition to place the goverened word in the Latine And its observable that where the English elevates it self above the pitch of vulgarity the Latine as in disdain of that pride endeavours to soar higher witness that Authority cited by our Author out of Columella Fons latus pedibus tribus altus triginta Where the lateral measure governeth Ablatively and the direct Accusatively by the same tacit reason as doth the Verb. In which Philosophical Concordancie consists the main subtilty of the Roman language viz. In subjecting this word in order to the conclusion of a sentence according to the respective inclinations of the motion As First Genitively And that to Verbs signifying Possession Mercy Memory Enjoyments or most things that belong to tryals or Barre-affairs And the reason therefore will be obvious if we but continue our observation of their forecited method as of dâ—nominating so of governing secundum causam causae and not cousati as do the English A custom which I suppose first grounded on a Metaphysical consideration The Metaphysicks accounting the first as the more worthy and therefore fittest for denomination and government See jacob Martin in part Metaphysic Sect. 7. Quest 4. But to come to our Authors instances Miserere mei Have mercy of or as the English by their prepositionally noted idiome more properly render it upon me We shall by the said observation find it the same as to say Let my miser move your mercy to incline towards me For by those words we may observe my misery to be the Causa causae your mercy the Causa causati and your inclining of it towards me to be the Causatum And so shall we discern How miserâ—re mei carries the same rationality of expression as Patris or Paterna domus For my misery being come the cause of your mercy makes your mercy to be mine I could illustrate this further not only by the imitation of other languages as of the French Pittie du moi c. but also by the â—oman denomination of this motion or verb of Mercy from Misery Misereo quasi miseriâ afflcior and Misericâ—rdia quasi aegritudo cordis ex miseriâ alterius But I rather choose yet to explain it by another of our Authors examples Furti absolutus est Where I also find Furti governed Genitively In regard that if the Prisoner had not first given some cause of suspition neither Jury nor Judge should have sate on him Wherefore as the absolution is the Causati and so the prisoners own suspicious demeanure is the Causa Causae which proving but a suspition doth lead the Judge to the absolution as of due belonging to the suspected And so doth Absolve govern Furti Genitively because the suspected having deserved no other hath entituled himself to the absolution as his own And by the like reason be all
terminating the sentence And the governance is lateral in regard the Verb mâ—veth not as attracted by it but as a mode of pleasing the Master See Part. 2. c. 2. Yet that what hath been said may be made more supplemental to our Author I shall further partize his Example after the usual Pedagogick manner supposing my self a Pupil questioned by my Tutor what part of Speech is supplyed by the word Cupis Answ The Verbial part Quest How know you it to be a Verb A. In that it is a word of motion that is moving between the desiring and the desired Being Q. What kind of Verb is it A. In that it moveth from the said understood Pronoun which is its material cause simply towards its formal It is a Verb Active But that I offend not my more curious Grammarian I must also call it a Verb Neuter in regard forsooth we do not read Cupior Although the English love as well to be desired Q. After what Conjugation do you decline it A. The fourth And the reason therefore see in Part. 3. c. 2. Q. What part of speech is Magistro A. A Noun Substantive Q. How know you it to be a Noun Substantive A. In that it manifests a Being see Part. 1. c. 1. Q. How do you articulate it A. In the Masculine Gender Q. Why so A. In regard it denotes Rule which necessarily implyeth Action See Part. 2. c. 1. Q. Aster which of our Authors rules is it declined A. The second Q. Why so A. Because that whether I take the word from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which jumps with the French Idiome thrice more or from magis and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. greater in station It followeth that it be declined after the most honourable way incident to its termination Q. Would you hence infer that such words terminating in er as carry the more honourableâ— signification should be declin'd after this second Rule and the less worthy after the third A. I thought you had been thereof already so satisfied in Part. 2. c. 4. that to urge me here to reaffirm it were impertinent Q. But how comes it then to pass that Puer is declined after this and Pater after that sithence it 's pass'd question but the last is more honourable A. I confess it quoad hominem but not quoad naturam For Propagation being the eternizor of nature Naturalists do deservedly state it as the chief of mans life Therefore doth love follow the off-spring and are the steps from the womb to the wedding more honorable than those between it and the reduction of the Creature and that by so much as life is more desirable then death Whence I conclude that such Masculines terminating in er as on the wheel of life be placed between the state and the end are naturally declinable rather after the third rule I will not say alwayes declined for that as one notes Sermo Inter agrestiaing ma primum ortus doctiorum legibus aliquandâ— refragatur Q. What case conceive you Magistro there to stand in A. The Dative Q. Why so A. Because it stands governed by the acquisitively posited Verb Placere See part 2. c. 2. Q. How cometh Magistro to be goverâ—â—d by the Infinitive Mood placere it to me seeming but us only joyned with it by way of apposition to make up the word of sense This answering the whom as the other doth the what A. Our Author doth not tell us that the casual word must answer the questions whom and what but whom or what and that the word that cometh next the Verb as answering to either of those is saving his exceptions the casual which therefore is here due to Placere as so answering the question Desire what To please To please whom The Master So that Magistro comes hither not by apposition but as a word governed of placere The Infinitive Mood when so serving no way quitting its governing prerogative more than doth a Participle or Gerund I say so serving for that as To please by answering the question whom becomes as a casual word and a word of sense as it denotes a perfection wanted by the placitor * Part. 2. c. 4. THOV COVETEST TO PLEASE so making up a compleat sentence Even so when I thus particularlize this pleasing doth the sense amount to a Reason as hath been fore-proved by our Authors Ovidian Authority cited Part. 1. c. 1. where the first and third words add nothing to the Reason only encomiate the quality of Arts and express a necessity of fixation in the learner So that it were the same if I said Placere magistro requirit diligentiam Q. Suppose you were to express placere by an essâ—ntial word of Sense as to say If thou covet the pleasure or delight of the Master How would you latinize it A. Si cupis delectamentum Magistri Q. In what case woud you conceive the word Delectamentum so placed to stand in A. The Accusative Q. And why A. As governed by the Verb Transitive Cupis Q. How know you Cupis to be a Verb Transitive A. Because it answereth all the expectations of that Verb manifested Part. 2. c. 2. It being none of those motions of design but a down right natural one as Amo whether we take the word from Capâ—o or à cupidine amoris as Mr. Holyoake Q. Admit you were to define this supposition by one word as of the Reason hath been fore-noted in Part. 1. c. 1. How would you express your self A. Obsequens utitur or to continue the first hortative mode of speech Tu obsequens utere diligentiâ Q. By name of what part of speech would you call Obsequens so placed A. Properly by neither of our Authors eight It there being only a participial voice or as Mr. Hoole would have it Noun 〈◊〉 A Participle signifying no time and therefore governing no otherwise than as a Noun Adjective As in Part 3. c. 4. hath been foreshewed Q. Proâ—eeding with our Authors example where he adds Nec sis tantus cessator ut calcaribus indigeas I would in the first place know wâ—at part of speech is Nec A. A Conjunction coupling the foregoing and following clauses Q. What part of speech is Cessator A. A Noun Substantive or word of Being Q. How is it declined A. Masculinely aster our Authors third rule Q. Why Masculinely A. In regard the very being Slugge denotes action as we use to say It s better be idle then do nothing See Part. 2. c 1. Q. Why is it declined after the third rule A. By reason of its termination as hath been shewed Part. 2. c. 3. Q. what condition or case doth it here stand in A. The Nominative Q. Doth it so govern the Verb Sis or is it governed by it A. It is governed by it and yet cannot properly be called a word of Sense in regard of its foregoing Conjunction Q. From what being then doth Sis move towards Cessator A. From the Pronoun Tu which
is understood as couched under the personality of the Verb. See Part. 2. c. 3. and Part. 3. c. 1. Q. If Cessator stands here as a word governed why doth it not decline its Nominative condition or case A. By reason that the motion governing is a Verb of Being See Part. 4. c. 2. Q. What part of speech is Tantus A. A Noun Adjective or word of Quality Q. How cometh it to be understood as a Quality siâ—hence it denotes Magnitude and not Bonitude A. The identity of quantity and quality hath been already shewed Part. 1. c. 3 But for your further satisfaction know that the slothful being concluded vitious its quantitative signification implyeth so much of evil as to say Tantum or tam magnum vitium Q. Whnt Case Gender and Number doth it stand in A The Nominative Case Masculine Gender and singular Number Q. How so A. In that it is here adjected to Cessator which is a word of Being at present so affected See Part. 1. c. 3. Q. What part of speech it ut A. A Conjunction causal joyning Calcaribus indigeas to the subjunctive declaration foregoing Q. Why call you it not a Sentence A. Because the presence of the Conjunction renders it subordinate to another less clogged Clause or Sentence as to say ut calcaribus indigeas utere diligentiâ Whence if I take off ut and so deliver my self definitively the first will be a compleat sentence as well as the last As to say Ego sum cessator or Ego calcaribus indigeo tu uteris or utere diligentiâ Q. Might not these be joyned by Quòd aswell as Ut It also being a Conjunction causal and giving the same English sound A. The design of avoiding a multiplicity of these Attendants hath been throughout this Tract so canvassed that to find them retained by any recommendation below a precise necessity or being retain'd to be mistaken Dick for Robin were to espie a contradiction inconsistent with the Roman ingenuity Which induceth me to observe that Sentences thus joyned necessarily implying one of the formal differences of time mentioned Part. 3. c. 3. do require their Conjunction by notes most sutable to that time And therefore to joyn a futurity by a note sounding so neer the Relative as Quod were such a piece of vulgarity as would render the expression to be scarce Latine sense A Relation being ever understood of things or actions pass'd the present being no sooner mentioned than passed And that therefore the Latines by Quòd do joyn such sentences only as imply a past or present tense as they do those that speak a futurity by ut it sounding so near the wishing Adverb Utinam As in this particular Ut calcaribus indigeas where the Verb potentially moded manifesteth a future need by voyce of the present Tense See Part. 3. c. 3. All which our Author teacheth showing that the reduction of the Infinitive Mood by Quòd and Ut must be precisely in hunc modum viz. Quòd tu redâ—â—sti incolumis gaudeo ut tu fabulam agas volo Where I break up School wishing some throughly enabled linguist would so fabulam agere that mankind might as no longer speak as Parats So not want the fruition of those other advantages in the altitude of such a Venus * Verulam ibid. p. 261. of Apelles supposed legible by the noble Origin of this Essay which therefore I Corollarily prostrate envelloped by the following Embleme The Representors are 1 Caelus or Perfection 2 Saturn or Beings 3 Cupid in Mercuries disguise 4 Venus Popularis 5 Venus hortensis 6 Venator 7 Venus Terrestris 8 Venus Caelestis The Huntsman Speaks AS I was winding of my morning Call Whether I strain'd beyond my usual Force I not well remember Such a fright Invaded me when I me saw poor wight Associated and compass'd as you see That stun'd I stood till viewing Mercury Thus placed in the round I to him said Son of great Jove my Guide to whom are paid My constant vows and to whose flying fame Be Sacrific'd the a Tongues of all the Game That ever yet in forest wild I slew Vouchsafe the meaning of this enterveiw To thy astonish'd Suppliant Which Prayer The son of Main B hovering in the Air Thus answered Courage Woodman for this shall Create thee no more trouble than thy call The Scheme C erected being by the Art Of thy King Saturn's D Son who make'st his part Thus to detect what the ensuing fate Shall be ' o th' Roman Tongue as well as E State a The Tongues of all Sacrifices the Ancients offered to Mercury as God not only of Speech but also of Reason and Prudence And therefore doth the Woodman on this occasion choose him for his chief rather then Diana See Nat. Com. Mytholog l. 5. B Maia the Daughter of Atlas and Pleion A Nymph on whom Jupiter begat Mercurie See Virgil Aeneid 8. C Or Hieroglyphick Schaema i. e. Orationis externa pars dignitas H. O. D Picus most skilfull in Augurie and therefore fain'd transformed to a Wood-pecker Ovid. Met. 14. Although by the word Augurium the Romans understood not only the divination particularly taken from the chattering of birds but also from all other observable causes or Ostents whatsoever appearing in Heaven Air or Earth as affirmeth Dionysius and out of him Gasper Peucerus in l. de Auguriis pag. 374. E That is how the state of Rome shall degenerate from its golden condition in the succession of Provincial Potentates Who seeking after their particular more then the publick wellfare shall subject it to want whose very apprehension as it ushers all kinds of selfishness so shall be multiplyed the Mode and Cases of the language The first being Originally but one as hath been already shewed part 2. c. 4. And the second but two viz. The Nominative and the Accusative that is The condition of a substantial Being whence the motion taketh its rise and of the qualified Being towards which it formally tendeth The Vocative being comprehensible under the Nominative as only distinguishable by our position of the person in the arrear of the Verb and the rise of our voyce in the close of the period Or else of this Additional note of the Writer and the oblique cases answering the respective indirect motions of the Verb since invented as by the division of Venus is here represented Wherefore bright F CAELUS over Saturns face Having the curtain drawn resumes his place To shew Perfection beneath the skie Henceforth to seek shall be a vanitie Save what weak loves by their descent retain On self-design which therefore Poets fain From th' loins of CAELUS in the G third degree At which in them to aim this Dietie In SATURNS bosom leaves the purblind H spark Opinionately roving at his mark F By others call'd CAELIUS son of the Skie and Day for his excelling and permanent beauty styled Perfection Bonum and Pulchrum being convertible as hath been fore shewed And that these
those fore-hinted Verbs so fortified And as possession doth presuppose acquisition so doth our Author in the next place subject it Datively and that by such Verbs as are acquisitively posited which I mention by his his own word in regard he hath thereby said all the whole Regiment he after musters up being rationally comprehensible under acquisition And that likewise by the fore-taught observance of the remoter cause For so it comprehendeth loss aswell as profit sithence as there is no WHY without a WHEREFORE so no man damnifieth another but in order to his own advantage more then it is possible one should give what he hath not received As for Verbs moving in order to payments promises Negotiations commands and obsequies their end is sufficiently expressed by the old Rithme So ne do go and some do runne But 't is for money when all is done And its observable that this acquisitive inclination of the Verb doth so badge its governed case that not only Verbs compounded with the notes usually preposited to the governance of other cases do then require this But also that we intelligibly can express the word compleating their sense by no other case without the addition of a Preposition which his fore-cited Lordship of Verulam notes for a * Ibid fol. 262. loose he might have said pernicous way of delivery It s unlimited use as by our Author instanced rendring both this and the Genitive cases of the Noun useless Sithence the sense of this case becomes so expressible by Prepositions serving to the Accusative as of the other by the Ablative Excepting only when the Preposition tenus noteth possession without desired acquisition as Aurium tenus it also handing a singular Ablative as Pube tenus The misfortune as we say in English being not all a case However that it doth not regulate when the casual word is to be expressed by a Preposition and when according to the inclination or line of the Verb I thought requisite to note for a serious defect in Grammer and such as could scarce be supply'd without a preliminary examination How the infancy state and declination of the language did respectively use it The first having no books by me that inform I must guess at from Mr. Robinsons to our Author annexed defective Heteroclites which leaving the redundant as enough for his Sors and Authorum placita I suppose designedly so pass'd by the refiners as a monument to posterity what the language formerly had been that so their pains might be the more thank worthy For did we not know that Carnu was once under that singlâ— termination declined throughout our Authors six Cases excepting the Vocative which no dead Being can stand in because uncapable of salute and so no otherwise distinguishable than by Epithets and preposited notes Lucan's Cornus tibi cura sinistri Had been no elegant expression at all no more were our Authors Patris or Paterna domus a refined Latin phrase but for dumo or as the modern have it Casa del Padre of the degenerate Italian This evinceth that as much of the art of Latine Grammer was plac'd in the variation of the Nounes Termination according to though seldom as manifold as its cases and of them after the four inclinations or lines of the Verb so the end in both was to heighten the language above the laid preposited vulgar way of speaking How far then the design fell short in the projection becomes hence considerable Wherein ere I proceed I must remind my Reader how in the front of this tract I only promised an Essay at the â—ationality of Speech If happily some more literate and ingenious might vouchsafe its fostering to a perfect grandeur And on that account shall I here expose such reasons as at present to me occur dehortative to this intended banishment The rather being thereto encouraged by the fore-cited Noble Lord * In motives to his 〈◊〉 p. 1. where he saith It is better to give a beginning to a thing that may once come to an end than with an eternal contention and study to be enwrapp'd in those mazes which are endless First then I observe that as the Euphonie of the Southern Languages consists in a smoothness of delivery See the Preface f. l. 2. so must the multiplicity of concurrrent Vowels aswell as Consonants be by them baulk'd as equally disrellishing Hence comes it that the French do often pronounce a fansied Consonant between as when insteed of Este il disner hath he dined they say Ete til dine and that the Roman Idiome doth interpose a Preposition mine hoast with our Author so answering that Summâ cum humanitate tractavit hominem Secondly That the said lines are but Influxus Causae and consequently indicating rational rather than material governances Wherefore I say Amo Virginem but vado ad eam And on this account do I suppose that Scaliger calls the Preposition by name of * Motum ad locum Scapul 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 It being convenient that some expressed note should hand a corporal motion faculty or posture both in its * Being or Essence Essentia est principium motus saith I. Mart. beginning end and space between the word of Being and word of Sence As when I say Lateo in sepe So denoting rest in the Being Curro è sepe Shewing the motions progress from it Or Propero ad Sepem Indicating its advance towards it as its formal cause or word of sence Cum omne corpus saith he aut movetur aut quiescit opus fuit aliquâ notâ quae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 significaret Ibid. c. 157. sive esset inter duo extrema inter quae motus fit sive in altero extremorum in quibus fit quies But with due reverence to the memory of so renowned a Philosopher the most absolute need of the Preposition I find to be when I am to mention the whole three joyntly as saying Salio trans sepem so at once both supposing a rest whence I take my leap naming the hedge and tending towards a third place as the end of my motion For these lines in their said influx being no other than as imaginary Hierogliphicks cannot possibly indicate several ways at once Else as one Case is prefer'd to another in governance so shall we find the unusher'd cases to the Prepositionally noted ones wherever a material motion may be reduc'd to a lineal sense As when I say Dego Lutetiae rejecting Apud Lutetiam as barre I will not say barbarous Latine And yet I say Apud forum speaking of some Market even in Paris For it 's possible I may be at the market and yet possess'd of nothing there saleable therefore do I hand the condition of that Noune by the Preposition But since I cannot properly be said to be at the City without my implying my pro tempore possession of a Being there I condition thar rather after the circular line of the Verb as when respecting the
Inhabitants I do it after the oblique my being there so aswell supposing a benefit were it but to the Tavern and Taylor Or if my condition be mean that I must have some way of acquisition to subsist my said being amongst them Wherefore I then say Parisiis As when I would intimate both the place and Inhabitants joyntly I express my self Genitively saying Lutetiae Parisiorum that of the two being the most worthy casual Position Dr. Taylor hath a Rule that baulking the absurdity of teaching the Latine by the English Idiome which in this very particular confounds compleat with imperfect narratives depends much on the same Phylosophy See his Grammar p. 76. Saith he of after a Verb transitive is alwayes expressed by the Preposition de as Loquor de Monarchia The reason is that the relation of the Monarchy being not absolute it falleth short of a transitive and therefore being comprehensible by none other of the said lines the casual word must be usher'd by a Preposition And so our Authors Mereor cum adverbiis the desert not reaching the whole man the Adverb is used circumstantially to express how well or ill much or little which at most amounting but to a part leaves the casual word under the same condemnation Where its further observable that motions tending towards fixt Beings have the circumstance of their failing more elegantly exprest by a note supplying the sense both of Adverb and Preposition as Propè Templum procul urbe c. Thirdly I finde the Preposition to be of use when ever the Causa propter quam of a motion is expressible Prepter dotem as to say John loveth Joan for her dowrie The line of the Verb's governance reaching but a termino in terminum And Fourthly when the formal cause of a motion is also essicient the said lines as they indicate rational rather than material governances so do they the formality not materiality or essence of the word of Sense And therefore saith our Author Baccharis prae ebrietate and Terence è Davo hoc aâ—divi as if he had said Davus told it me And the same 't is when the Active voyce of a Verb becomes Passive where instead of John loveth Joan I say Joan is loved by John he so becoming an efficient cause of her passion as in the second chapter of the first part of this discourse hath been already shewed These as exceptions premis'd I suppose our Author might safely proceed teaching that all Verbs admit an Ablative Case of the Instrument Cause or manaer of an action As 1 Naturam expellas furcá licet usâ— recurret 2 Invidus alterius rebns macrescit opimis 3 Jam veniet tacito curva senecta pede As if he had said The condition of those and the like Ablatives are rationally obvious without a preposited sign although the first doth sound alike with the Nominative as do the other two like the Dative For whatever moveth from its material cause not attracted by the formal doth it weakly and consequently in order to assistance laterally As is demonstrable either by a Spider or Cyphon See the Embleme Else why cannot the Spider mount directly upwards more than the wine can continue its ascending motion through a plain instrument aswell as a lateral we such as the Embleme notifies Semblâ—bly in those examples the motion having no attraction from the word of Sense nature attracting its expulsion no more than another mans prosperity can naturally my leanness must make use of a lateral help to reach it Aud this the first of the said examples doth instance in lenminis the Categorical word of sense in the two last Being umbrated by the Verb Macreâ—cit quasi macrum se râ—ddit So Senecta veâ—ict as if he had said Nos assequetur seu depreheâ—det And in like manner do I apprehend the word of Price Teruncio non emeriâ— Something being necessarily understood that is so bought Lastly Whereas our Author noteth certain untransformed passives by him called Verbs deponent that govern and Ablative barely without Preposition or Categorical word either express or understood as Fungor Fruor Vtor I can no way understand this governance as peculiar to their said voyces while they are also read both with preposited Ablative notes and lineally casual Accusatives as of utor Mr. Hollyoake observeth out of Gel. l. 15. c. 13. And therefore do I conceive it proper for these and the like Verbs only when their final cause is incomprehensible by the formal the casual word so serving as an Instrument Cause or Mode though commonly of a motion other than that it immediately depends on as in the Ciceronian example there produc'd Qui adipisci veram gloriam volunt Justitiae fungantur officiis where the motion tendeth finally towards glory the office being us'd but as a lateral help to reach it As for those genitives he noteth as led away from this rule the offence cannot be impardonable while their Verbs move in order to possession as Hujus indigeo patris c Saving of his excepted Tanti quanti c. which I submit if I may not aswell understand adverbially Sithence I can finde no reason why Quanticunque may not bâ— so taken aswell as Quantumennque both and the rest there cited being equally circumstantial and circumstances often duly prefer'd to demonstrations as is Reason to Sense Whence although the Commentator scruples it I conceive the expression was no way below Petronius while on the fall * Whence probably our Gallants took up their toss glass fashion of TRIMALIO'S Cup he thus sung Heu heu nos miseros quam totus homuncio nil est Sic erimus cuncti postquam nos auferet Orcus Ergo Vivamus dum licet esse bene Neither do I find the like liberty less Emphatically taken by the English Witness that of Dr. Dunne's Both good and well should in our actions meet The wicked is not worse than th' indiscreet Conclusively 4. Whether the Introduction be our Authors I question not since I finde the whole entituled by his name our Author in his Introduction tels us That Verbs transitives are all such as have after them an Accusative case He might have added only sithence its that governance that makes a verb transitive Other Verbs as well governing it accompany'd as Aest mo te bujus Do litcras tibi Impertiâ— Parmenonem salute Whereas the transitive motion both directly tendeth towards and centereth in its formal cause except when it runs as it were through it by governing two accusatives Posce deum veniam so manifesting a confidence of obtaining Whereas we say Veniam Petimus ab ipso Quia poscimus imperiose at Petimus submisse As for the word transitive I do not remember to have read it elsewhere save only in Scapula as Latenizing 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The large signification of whose praeposited part affordeth much of reason for the reception of this rule as general Or if I derive it from
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and then either in imitation of the Peripatetick Phylosophie or the historical consideration of the great City in its various respective conditions between the sheep-hook and the Crozier but form a circle of Cases I shall find the Accusative according to its name just opposite categorical or adverse to the Nominative As when I say John loveth Joan there understanding the action of love directly transfer'd from John to Joan and consequently teaching to place Joan accusatively Or thirdly if I look upon this case as it is the center of the variations of the Noune because placed in the midst of five our Authors six cases making but five variations and then observe the natural intendment of all motion towards the center as its final cause or perfection I must thence conclude this governance as natural as that John should love Joan and consequently understand our Author as telling me That naturally all Verbs do expect the word of sence should serve Accusatively But sithence that there be also motions of design such as the circular See the Emblem oblique and lateral and that accordingly some Verbs move in order to possession others to acquisition and others to occasional action Therefore this rule is to be so understood as that the three other forecited may be received by way of Exception CHAP. 3. Of the Declansions of the Word of Being or Noune Substantive THe third variation of this word of Being is according to its respective Declensions An accident by which the Latines mainly excell in their fore-noted * See the preface fol. 2. magnum in parvo of speech So intelligibly couching the Article under the condition of the Noune as they do the person or pronoune under the termination of the Verb which compells them so to vary the terminations of both declining the first respectively after the five rules mentioned by our Author as followeth 1. Words Masculine and Feminine terminating in a they decline after the first rule as Poeta Musa c. But the neutrals in a they decline after the third as Dogma And the observance hereof is of use to the more ready manifestation of the gender the Neuter otherwise not so soon occurring in regard of their admittance of such dead Beings as contain the living among the Feminines as in the first Chapter of the second part hath been foreshewed 2. Words Identically Masculine and Feminine ending in us or ius they decline after the second rule as Cibus Fluvius Humus but words Feminine of quality they decline after the third as Salus And so do they their identical Neuters as Foedus But tropical neuters so terminatinâ— they decline after the second rule Whence ouâ— Author notes them among the non-crescents as Virus Pelagus c. Whereof the first is neutrally decline only in regard its operation so taken tendeth towards death Virus yet after this rule To manifest that its killing energie is identical to the nature of the thing no otherwise than in respect of the Dos and manner of its use there being otherwise among the three natural bodies no greater Cordials than such as are prepar'd of Opium Viper and Mercuric Thâ— Naturality of the second 's declension I can not well unrevel without some elongation of discourse Pelagus It being a word besides which the Latine hath more appellations for the Sea then any other language I know Whereof four be most significant names viz. Fretum Mare Pontus and Aequor The first properly signifying Creeks or Ferries which at ebbing water be rough current and troublous Whence Fretum quasi fervidum saith Mr. Hollyoake The second signifying all Seas in general Maria ac terras caelumque Profundum Quippe ferant rapidi Aen. 1. Saith Virgil of the winds Mr. Hollyoake derives the word from Marath of the Hebrews which I understand not quoad gustum as he there insinuates but quoad transitum Placataque venti dant Maria Aen. 3. Saith the same Author The third denominating vast Seas and so elegantly formed ab absentiâ Pâ—ntis Coelum undique undique Pontus Saith the Maronian in his fore quoted book And the fourth even or calm Seas ab aequâ— As he elsewhere notes by Aequora tuta silent The rest being rather Epithites than names as Salum i. e. Salsum Caerulum i. e. Caeruleum Hadria i. e. Hadriaticum So Oceanus i. e. Oceanum mare Which Epithites and names so amply denoting the Sea in all respects I know not what should induce them to borrow the only name that the Greek had for it * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pelagus save for a more strict note of that Greek side or arm of the Mediterranean which over against Galatia and upwards themselves also called Mare mortuum whether for its mourning colour or the deadly fewd betwixt them and the bordering Greeks Or else from môr marỽ of the Brittains said to have since planted with Brennius their Captain on that Greek side môr in that language signifying a Sea and marỽ still or dead that being the stillest or according to the Brittish idiome deadlyest Sea my Countrey-men had e're before crossed It was rational this new word of their should be declined neutrally Yet with like caution as hath been fore-noted of Virus the substance thereof speaking it no more neuter than Pontus So Vulgus as it represents a number of living men must be Masculine saving when their joynt stupidity is mentioned with scorn by the more ingenuous And that Catachrestically beyond the bounds-foot of Dutch Boore by so much as a living dog can be supposed better than a dead Lion I have dwel't longer on this particular in regard I know not but there may be more words thus varyed or at leastwise variable according to the Poet or Orator's occasion For The Gender being but an affection of the Noune becomes alterable not only according to the use of the thing specified but also to the present passion or passionate reception of the same Accede ad ignem hanc saith Terence in Eunuchus But I return to our declensions where the mediate Masculines and tropical Feminines in us I observe declinable after the fourth rule as Potus Domus Ignorami socius c. Whereupon if the Question of Pedantius in the Play should be renewed viz. Cur non Potus facit Poti sicut cibus cibi in genitivo The answer would be That the first is supposed to be either water or the juice of vegetives but the other properly living creatures as is observed by the English while they call nothing meat but flesh Or if it should he ask'd Why morbus is declin'd after the second rule and salus after the third The answer were That the second is but a meer qualitative Being but the first a substantial one For as the learned Capivaccius * In cap. de Pâ—hisi hath it Omnis morbus est vel vapor vel minera Thereby excluding all the pretended diseases ab
And Tylyrus lying under the shade supinely Yet he remains dissatisfied with the Quare of the word slighting Theodors 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as too mean Uâ— Latinis auribus satisfiat those are his words My sense is that a higher reason for it is not to be found below the Moon 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying carelesly or securely as well as with the face upwards And that posture naturally following security as the effect doth the cause Wherefore the muscle moving the eye upwards Anatomists do read Superbus and that in the sense of Noble or Excellent and but deservedly as is easily demonstrable by a Land-skip I mean when we view any place with our head between our legs or otherwise inverted For so shall we find the appearance of the same object excelling even to admiration Hence comes it that when men have once fortified themselves with a settled fortune of wealth they naturally look upwards A Gentleman of the first head except while the Spaniard swell's in being the son of his own right hand seldom known to refuse the Herauld more then the Nobles of Rome could Virgil after he had so solemnly sung their extraction from * Aenâ—id 6. Elyztum And Caesar's from the Gods Deus nobis haec otia secit Eclog. 1. Most acceptably compounding the delinquency of that Antonian And thus as security banisheth care doth it admit fansies restinguible in no lower a sphere A Naturalism well known to the Aegyptian his reprehension of the Hebrews importing They were Idle Proud Secure and Careless Exod. 5.8 therefore they said Let us go Sacrifice So much for the name and nature of the Supine which I confess doth not satisfie our Author's last which follow Adjectives and he would have understood passively Neither know I well how the end of a motion may be so rendred It being analogical to a Physical Ret. And say the Metaphysicks Finis efficiâ—ns entitativè ejusdem sunt perfectionis The only difference being that Essentia est quod dat esse rei est primum principinm motus So Jac. Mart. in part Met. Sect. 13. Shall we then with the fore-quoted Phylosopher â—cal ibid. l. 7. c 144. exclude those as being nominals rather then verbial Supines Vocatu Drusi saith he in the same place i. e. Vocatione facile expugnatu i. e. expugnatione Or may we not rather take them at the rebound i. e. with such motions as in their end meet with resistance and so become passive For then the difference will not be great whether we deduce them from the Noune or the Infinitive Mood of the Verb. The Supine being to the Verb much as is the Adverb to the Noune Sithence as from Homo we have Humanus Humaniter and thence Humanitas So from voco or rather vocare we have vocand vocando vocandum vocatum vocatu Where the motion end 's unless we begin again with vocatio So vocatu in its passive reception standing between vocatio and vocari that voice admitting of no Gerund by reason of the impossibility that I should have more than a guess at the cause of motions than proceed from another towards me Why may not the motion as well be fansied to rebound so far especially our Author noting it facile factu or facile fieri Which being but a nicity like the mincing of Cummin attributed of old to Antonius Pius and of small use even by the Latines themselves Dion in Ant. pium other than to have gradual waies to express the same sense by I so pass Herm'aelogium The fourth PART CHAP. I. Being a transient disquisition of the state of our Author 's four undeclined parts of Speech with their Concomitant Mutes and lastly of the Bronoune OUr Author 's other four parts of Speech being of the same consideration as is before expressed of his Shapes and Figures Part 2. c. 5. I conceive it scarce modest for a person of my small reading to the sedulous collections and observations of the forecited Gentlemen hereon toattempt a Supplement Yet least it be objected that I might by the same reason have passed the Adjective It although declineable of it self signifying as little and therefore as unworthy to bear a part much less a Principle in speech I must add That notwithstanding it may justly be said of iâ— as Virgil sung of his usurped verses Sic vos non vobis Yet that it is of an intrinsecal consideration as being analogical to Privation which is such a Principle in nature without which as MATTER cannot receive form So * Privatio maâ—eriaâ—dem sunt Re Ratione See Com. Magyr l. 1. c. 2. Being cannot so subsist Therefore that QUALITY so considered is no way inferiour to BEING But together with it as the same * I say together as finding the separation I mean the decision of what it is in it self and what to us to have puzled as able though I must confess I affirm it much as a blind man judging of colours a * Sir Walter Raleigh in his Sceptic Penman as that Age had in England But these be only extrinsecal appendants to the first mentioned parts or principles of Speech as meer notes either of their connection temperament or circumstance And this our Author seems to inform us of by his calling of them UNDECLINED Declension and Rise in condition belonging properly to the Lord See his Grammer p. 261. c. and not the Lacquey Which servilety of theirs is further probable in that the governing power Mr. Hoole attributes them is not of themselves but of the Being Motion or Quality they so personate or usher As is exemplary First by the Adverb which suppose invented in order to this threefold use viz. 1. The abbreviation of Sentences 2. The gradation of incompatible quantites and qualities And 3. A prescripion to the innumerable circumstances of Action Time and Place 1. In the first employment I observe its note to be sometimes rude and sometimes conformed Whereof the first do notifie things present a and that commonly with the assistance of some exterior sign or gesture and do govern by vertue of the Noune or Verb they so obumbrate as En quatuor aras That is Vide nunc Behowld saith the Englishman But in case there be two several Verbs couched under this note and that the Verb in the following sentence expressed be of the same sort with the last understood then doth the Adverb govern as by that expressed Verb is requireable For example En Priamus sunt hìc etiam sua praemia laudi As if he had said Vide nunc Priamus hìc est sunt hìc etiam sua praemia laudi Whereas if the Verb sunt had been absent the expression must have been En Priamum suaque praemia laudi The word of motion vide in the person of the Adverb there governing as in the tother the governance proceeds from the Verb of Being Which manifests the Adverb to be but a
Herm'aelogium OR AN ESSAY At the rationality of the Art of SPEAKING As a Supplement to Lillie's Grammer PHILOSOPHICALLY MYTHOLOGICALLY EMBLEMATICALLY Offered by B. J. In rational knowledges to depart from the received partitions is no disallowing of the same L. Verulam in his Advancement of Learning p. 330. London Printed by R. W. for T. Passet in St. Dunstans-Church-yard in Fleet-street 1659. The Contents THE Book analogizing words with things particularly with Aristotle's intrinsecal principles of things is divided into four parts Whereof The first under three Heads or Chapters specifieth the analogie Of The word of Being or Noune Substantive The word of Motionor Verb The word of Quality or Adjective with Matter Form Privation to fol. 10 The second part subdivided into five Chapters sheweth the variations and affections of the said word of Being both in its denominative Entity and casual qualification to fol. 39 The third under the same number of Chapters sheweth the variations and affections of the word of Motion to fol. 63 The fourth transiently examineth the state of the four undeclined Parts of Speech with their concomitant Mutes And lastly of the Pronoune with the Arts therefrom proceedings to fol. 73 Whereunto be added the Philosophical and Pedagogical uses of the whole with Emblems of the same Mythologiz'd The Preface to the Reader AS some moneths sithence Reader I was among my select companions engaged in a discourse relating to the Grammatical part of THE ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING penn'd by the renouned Vicecount of St. Albans I casually fell upon this fansie Which I profess to have published out of no design to disgrace but a desire to advance the professory way now in use in some degree towards that more prosperous State mentioned * In Preface to the Instauration fol. 5. by his said Lordship wherein the mind may practice her own power upon the nature of things And therefore have I entituled it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Taking the sighing Adverb for an actuated wish and the God of Speech for the Art of Speaking I say Art as observing the Creatures to be so far verbigerant as is requisite both to the preservation and promulgation of their kind and the paucity of words in use not only among the Indians but even that Nation whose language is recorded to us as most venerable to evince that Man at first did not herein excell otherwise than as a distinction between specifical sound rude * Part 4. c. 1. and conformed may easily inform us But to what this conformity might be most naturally fansied how a why and when graduated to that * Part 2. c 5. part 4. c. 2. septuple excellency we now find it in I thought worthy of enquiry Since that the Hebrew should be either to all speeches confounded or that language whence the rest should be derived saving the implicit belief I respectfully owe to the Assertors I find not so much as the reason either of discord or Symphonie As for instance Admit I granted that the Latine Cauis were derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Greeks what were this to the Dog of England or Houndt of Almayne or either to KELEB of the Hebrew 's Moreover I find that besides the impossibility of reconciling the * Part. 3. c. 4. Idioms even in the respective refinement of the languages not only the Northern and Southern people have run a contray course the one multiplying Consonants as learnedly as the other endeavour to baulk them But even the neighbour Greeks and Romans the one expressing the Case of the Noun both by Article and Termination and the other usually couching the Article under the Termination It being their design aswell to express much matter with little vocality as to have several vocalities for the same matter or sense And I find lastly that the Orthoaepia of that very language is not in all Countries the same the Scio folo genus c. of the German being by the English rejected the two first as a Plateasmus and the last as sounding too much of asperity the English choosing to pronounce the G so placed like an I consonant which again the French and Italian do reject pronouncing it rather like an Sb the I consonant sounding with them and the Germans much as with the Greeks so that they account the English vocal sound thereof as a Jotacisme But as the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 REASON is one so is it observable that the expression thereof in and by man is in all Countries quae Reason the same In that the Nations differing in vocality according to the temperament of the respective climes they live under do nevertheless in point of Syntaxe agree as one thereby also manifesting the product of words to be more from nature as of Sentences from Reason distinguish'd nevertheless but as so many gradual emanations of the same * See the wisdom of Solomon ch 7. v. 15. 16. NATVRING NATVRE by the first understanding those secret emanations of rude Nature which the Philosophers of old called Chance and by the second that cultivated nature in its several uses through the * See Alsted Arche◠log l. 1. Scholastick state of mans life known by name of Discipline Science or Art and now going under the general term of Philosophy or to speak strictly The Philosophic of Grammer for so by Mr. Watts do I find his said Lordship interpreted We will saith he * In advancement of learning l. 6. p. 260. divide Grammer into two sorts whereof the one is literary the other Philosophical the one is meerly applyed to languages that they may be the more speedily learned or more correctedly and purely spoken the other in a sort doth minister and is subservient to Philosophie In this latter part which is Philosophical we find that Caesar writ Books D◠Analogia Suet. in Jul. and it s a question whether those books handled this Philosophical Grammer whereof we speak Our opinion is that there was not any high and subtile matter in them but only that they deliver'd precepts of a pure and perfect speech not depraved by popular custom nor corrupted and polluted by over-curious affection in which kind Caesar excell'd Notwithstanding admonished by such a work we have conceived and comprehended in our mind a kind of Grammer that may diligently enquire not the Analogie of words one with another but the analogie between words and things or reason On which words to quibble by questioning how an analogie can be understood otherwise than as subordinate to its Pattern And whether it doth not follow that Caesars design also was to Analogize words with things or reason I should think almost as great a piece of incivility as is recorded of * See H. L. his reign of K. Charles p. 62. that Doctor who was not ashamed so to disport himself with the brain-pan And therefore shall silently trace his Lordship
as the temperament alters so must the Judgement and Affection being to Judgement as the Cause to the Effect hence necessarily proceed both the * I meddle not with the supernal allyance of the stars Only as my Vernacular Idiome renders it Kyfanian a Gâ—rthanian Sympathy and Antipathy of the Universe This we may read most handsomly exemplified in the observations left us by * Hist Belgic Strada on the results of the Council held at Madrid before the Expedition which the Duke of Alva thereupon undertook for the Netherlands To which he adds That every man while he votes for the publike votes for himself And the vote saith he in Sir Philip Stapleton's language which nature exâ—orts we thinK we give to the cause when indeed we do it to our own humor Nevertheless we find this wise Nature in order to the preservation of it self in its respective Individuals to have stamped certain characters of general reception on Good and Evil even as by a number of mysterious lines on the face the features are promoted in order to beauty as we may be more at large satisfied concerning the one by the Mathematicks as of the other among the Ethicks My present part being only by this difficulty to instance how expedite it was that the degrees of comparison should be carv'd exactly answerable to the Hermetical Phylosophie of Vertue which is To be multiplyed in the second and compleated in the third That number being worthily magnified by the Antients as most perfect in regard it is uncapable of an equal division a and so remains of Infinitness the nearest representative imaginable And this the French idiome confirms by its expression of most by thrice as Grand Plus grand trois grand Great Greater Greatest Mâ—gnus Major Maximus The rest in the Latine having for the most part their superlative in issimus as faelix faelicissimus Excepting such as are called Anomola or irregular or whose rise is mentioned affectedly as Mâ—lior for Mollior or Maximus for Maximè optatus To compare by magis and maximè being proper only to words ending with a yowel before us In regard besides that the too much overture of concurrent vowels is in some sort abhorred by all languages the regular comparison renders such scarce comprehensible by any Latine verse except the Lyric And therefore do the Romans compare them by their Adverbs much as the English more and most But to conclude As Privation became known by contemplation of want the high way to nothing So Quality can Grammatically signifie nothing until it be adjected to that Being whereof it shew's the quality as to say A fair woman a large hawk c. and therefore is the Adjective in what degree soever plac'd to agree with its Substantive in Gender Case and Number as affections which by it are occasionally varyed as followeth Herm'aelogium The Second Part. CHAP. I. Shewing the Rational Variations or Affections of the Noun Substantive whether in its Entitative denomination or sensual casuality And first of its Articulation TO this word do belong first its articles He She or It. The word Genus being here as I with the same submission conceive understood by the Latines in a mixt sense For if we look upon it Logically it will appear to be rather Species generis than Genus And if meerly Physically à generando Then must we take it only as an article manifesting the property of a Being in point of generation that is Whether it be male female or neither The English understanding it no further whiles until they be of years to propagate they articulate the noblest of Creatures by this neither or neuter gender as when they say It 's a pretty Girl or Boy Whereas the Latins use it not only to distinguish the Sex but also the active and passive qualities of Beings in point of use as Hic liber haec Pila The book being look'd upon as an agent by which we are instructed and the Ball as a patient by the tossing whereof we are recreated Which yet I find to hold most in the articulation of such words as be radically Latine such as derive from the Greek being articulated commonly as most consonant with their terminations So Hic lapis Haec petra Which I rather take with * De caus ling. lat l. 4. Scaliger from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 than with the Antients from pedem laedendo and quià teratur pedibus or from any experiment of their growth found out by the Neoterics Yet its observable that such Greek words as be Latiniz'd only quoad sonum do sometimetimes herein outstretch our use of the Being by a * Enallage generis trope which the Latines declare themselves not a little enamour'd with whiles not only the repesentatives of sometimes living personages as Statua but such dead being as be either actually or potentially but the containers as the place and placed of the living are by them numbred among the feminines as Manus Domus Civitas c. So they articulate the names of all Cities excepting such as so strictly follow the names of their Founders that their termination cannot properly be advanc'd to the feminin gender And only these being in a sort of more remote tropical feminines do they articulate rather according to their termination which may be a reason why Londinum may not be declin'd feminiely aswell as Glycerium Derivative Beings whose names proceed from primitive Latine words they decline according to the nature of that word whence the derivation proceedeth and in case the derivative proceeds from more then one they take the denomination à fortiori whether that be a word of Being or a word of Motion For example Fluvius if it had its denomination from the water or the fish it is suppos'd to contain must have been articulated femininly But sithence it is neither the water nor the fish but the fierce flowing that makes the Fluvius of the Latines for they have their Rivi and Rivuli besides there it is known by the masculine gender And the denomination is right in regard that as every Spring doth not make a River no more doth every River contain fish As the River Dulais of Neath ultra in Glamorganshire which until of late years some Trouts were cast into it contained no fish but Eels whose univocal generation being uncertain are therefore articulated doubtfully Supposing always that I latinize them by the old name of Anguis Snakes and Adders being numbred among the Oviparia and not Anguilla for then I make it an Epicaen The same rule standeth for Hermaphroditical creatures And not unlike is that way of articulation they call common as Hic Haec Canis The main end we keep Dogs for being in order to our pleasure of hunting them according to their respective kinds to which since we do not find that distinction of sex doth add any thing they are properly articulated with caution only that we
worthily magnifies the Roman Ingenuity in framing their rules so that thereby words as well as things should bear their witness Of which hereafter CHAP. 5. Of number with the Arts thereout emaning THis accident might deservedly have challenged the first place in respect the others could not be discussed without it the Genders Cases and Declensions of the Noune being all distinguishable by vertue of number Yet because of its small use in Grammer Syntax I thought fit to marshal it here in the arrear of the declension of the Adjective its multiplication so taken amounting to little more than the Adjective's Even and Odd. For as even and odd cannot stand together in one number so may not the same number be both singular and plurally accounted the least addition to the singular rendring it plural and the most doing no moâ—â— Therefore are we glad to ascertain the unities by the addition of a quantitative quality As to say two three four five and so to the end of Arithmetick By the Antients compil'd to an Art according to their four rules of ADDITION SUBSTRACTION MULTIPLICATION and DIVISION Which last they extended even to the division of an unity and so produced two arts more whereof the one they called Geometrie and the other Astronomie the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying both number order and harmonie The last whereof originally to proceed from the motion of the spheres and consequently its knowledge as an Art from the spherical part of Astronomie I conceive to need no better proof than what Cicero hath left us in his transcendent tract de * Legitur inter fragmenta Ciceronis Somnio Scipionis Other notes on this accident observeable find I none Save that custom doth herein oversway both order nature and reason As to say nothing of the * It is known to every one to what case the royal bloods of Portugal is driven Los Sangues So Don Emanuel in Reasons for his conversion p. 8. received civil difference between personages in point of extraction when mentioning the smoak of an hundred Chimneys exhaling perhaps from as many respective combustible materials Or Latinizing all the sands between Callis and Gravellin I must express my self singularly Whereas traveling but a little further Eastward I shall finde the damp'd mudd whereon those Towns stand call'd by name of THE UNITED PROVINCES OF THE NETHERLANDS An Alleotheta of such particular ornament as I have but small encouragement to endeavour the disswasion of the English Grandees from owning for good genuine sense by any addition of success my experience found the contrary reasoning of their Scaliger to have gained on his Houghen Moughens there his words on the place being these Terrae divisionem auspicati sunt à familiaribus occupationibus Et jus ipsam injuriam apellarunt Neque enim mâ—lius terra dâ—buit alii atque alii tribui quam aer Ibid. p. 176. I aque natura vindicat sese mortuos Tyrannos non majore tegit tumulo quam unum ex opressis sese omnibus aequalem ostendens matrem Yet for certain plurally recorded festivals since on their daies there were also kept Fairs Revellings c. to mention them accordingly was but rational As the old Romans did their Floralia Bacchanalia c. No more is it to name the coacervation of many into one singularly as populus pars c. The Species or Shapes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Specus uns de species and Figures which are our Author 's other accidents of a Noune finding them of a meer external consideration I pass as not competent to the intrinsecal design of this discourse Herm'aelogium The third PART CHAP. 1. Shewing the variations and affections of the word of Motion And first of its distinguishment by number and person Also of the Verb impersonal IT descends first from its * Anherbhynedig bhôd Themate primario So Dr. Das vis p. 83. Infinitive Essence in order to an affectionate concordancie with the Being whence it proceeds in number and person I THOU or HE WE YE or THEY under whom be comprehended and by which are personated the Basis of all motion whatsoever All Verbs whereby on speaks to a Being of whatever Gender being naturally personable after the second And all by which mention is made of a thing or things except of ones self or of things joyned to himself being after the third Wherefore the Latines not only decline the note of the third person as a Pronoune Adjective but also manifest the esteem and singularity of the Being it under that * And sometimes also the others as Ego â—ste â—u ipse c. person represents by their triplicit distinction of Ille Ipse and Iste much as the English Thon and You so much cavil'd at by our zealous Tremblers Since then every motion necessarily proceedeth from a Being as comprehensible by these pronominal persons some or one of them It follows that there can be no such thing as a Verb impersonal strictly taken more then that there may be Gold without weight and fixation Wherefore our Author in his Institutions declareth his acceptation of that name in a larger sense by telling us not of a Verb that distinguisheth none but that doth not vary in point of personality Being declined throughout all Moods and Tences in the voice of the third person singular only What might induce the Ancients to the invention of such a Verb I only guess as by comparing exterior organick motions with the mental The perfection of the first being in its end and therefore thitherward followed by the eye of the Spectator with avidity more or less as the motion tendeth towards acquisition that in respect of its grandizing faculty being appetible equally with Good as the contrary is avoydable like hurt or Evill Hence comes it not only that young fencers commonly shut their eyes at the strokes of their 〈◊〉 and that we enjoy those pleasures which end in loss with more freedom of delight in the dark but also do account it a fortitude not to contract and guard our eyes if a Hawk should but offer to sowce at our face although we behold her flight at a fowl with comparative delight The like might be instanced by a Shaft or Bowl c. The same 't is with the Eye of the understanding And therefore when the material cause of the motion is most worthy our observation the Ancients might rationally marshal it in the arrear of the formal as saying Oportet mendacem esse memorem where the two last words are the Basis or material cause of oportet which were they plac'd in the from of the sentence would render the Verb Personal for we also read oporteo and so the attention would be attracted towards mendacem as the formal cause of a transitive motion which were divers from the intent of the sentence The memnonic Art being of such necessary use to a Lyar that without it he could never hope
to thrive by his faculty Thus as the Passive voyce rendreth the procedure of its motion comparatively excelling the Active by meer addition of the letter R and transposition of its extreams as hath been * Part. 1. c. 2. foreshewed doth the fixation of a Verb in this third person with a retirement of its material cause to the arrear of the formal declare a vehemency no less then superlatively notable Which leadeth me to the observation of two like Ceremonies usual in humanity whereof the one is our incitation of importunity or more earnest solicitation by a Maiden refusal of what in covert we ambiently affect like the Bishops * Mes erat apud Anglos ut Archiepiscopo promoventi Episcopaâ—â—rus ter vel ob modestiam responderet Nolo Nolo or that coy dame of whom Virgil sings Et fugit ad salices se cupit ante videri Ecl. 3. The other is our manifestation of respect towards our Confabulant by so personating him according to his attributes Dominatio vestra being the article of salute beyond the Seas even between single Gentlemen which in England is in fashion only among the greater Nobility Except while a Paisant to shew his respective distance affordeth the attribute of WORSHIP to the lesser And to the same end also is the first Person so convertible as when for I am we say Your Servant is The dignity of this number being celebrated even by our natural unpolished gestures In that the first and second persons of the Verb be aswell digitally as vocally notified but this third person never digitally saving in order to contempt so that it was not without reason that the old English usurped it for the heightning of perswasion As Sir Geoffery Chaucer when representing the Cheating Alchymist Thus said he in his game The Chanons yeomans tale Stoopeth a down in faith you be to blame Delpeth me now as I did you wylere Put in your hond looketh what is there There is another sort of Verb which Mr. Hoole in his * Page 147. Grammar calleth Verbs of an exempt power as Fulgurat Tonitruit c. These saith he though he is pleas'd to declare the nature of neither come near the nature of impersonals The neerness I find to consist meerly in their fixation in this Superlative singularity of the person and that only by vertue of a reciprocality è contrario These last until their causes were known being apprehended with a kind of timorous admiration and therefore imitating the foresaid shutting of the eyes I heard thy voice in the Garden said Adam in the Text and I was afraid and did my self Gen. 3. From all which I conclude that however I read the third person singular of a Verb Active usurp'd I am thereby to understand a vehemency yet not equal with our Authors impersonals unless also the Basis be post-posited as aforesaid The Verb Impersonal of the Passive Voice I observe to vary from the sense of its personality only while it fixeth our observance to it self just as the fore-quoted noble Chaucer doth by a personal Active where * In Assembly of fowls he thus singeth As from awd ground MENSAITH cometh Corn fro yeer to year So from aâ—â—d Books by my faith commen all new Science that men lere The Spoke though singular being so render'd more considerable than the plurality of the speakers CHAP. II. Of the Conjugations of the Latine Verb. THe main end of this and the following variations as Roman being * In Preface fol. 2. already manifested It remains that their respective both natural and vocal inclinations be now examined The first whereof useless in vulgar tongues which for the most part express the Mood and Tense by preposited notes The Latines doing it by their various shaping of the Terminations were therefore forc'd as for the declining of their Noun so of their Verb to invent Rules varying by alike reason according to the sound and nature of the word which rules they were pleasd to make known by name of CONJUGATIONS Whether by a Metaphor à Con ugio in regard that without these the conjugated Pronoun cannot be made a femme covert as our law renders it Iscruple not Only observe that as all Active Latine Verbs do terminate either in o co or io the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the language noteth no more Conjuga ions i thence conclude our Authors third Conjugation to be even as the * Part. 2. c. 4. B forementioned two last Declensions of the Noun added meerly for a distinguisher of such Verbs as by the same or like sorâ—d convey a different signification whereof the significator of the most worthy action terminating in o shall be of the first and the less worthy shall be of the third Conjugation As for instance That word * Lego by which our Author exemplifieth this Conjugation we also read declinable after the first But sithence To set a house in order or to perform an Embassie be actions so far transcending Reading Stealing or gathering of hearbs although the language presents all alike yet it s no small demonstration of its curiosity that the word is diversly conjugated And as Verbs declinable after this Conjugation do on this and such like an account descend to the third so do others of the fourth ascend to it How genuinely then some Authors do confound the Infinitive of both I submit As for example They properly decline Cupio after the fourth in regard it denotes want but Capio because it expresseth the recovery or enjoyment of a thing fore-wanted although it also ends in io they strictly decline after the third which moreover I observe so placed because Facile est descensus Averni Sed revocare gradum bic labor Notwithstanding I find that some Verbs derivative from Nounes tetminating in io stick not in their ascent even to the first Conjugation as Somnio from Somnium c. And on that score have we also some Verâ—s terminating in eo so conjugated as Calceo from Calceus c. Contrarily Eo queo veneo do descend to the fourth So by their Conjugation as well as Form proclaiming their Heteroclity though not defect as aio Cedo Salve c. CHAP. III. Of the Moods and Tenses THe Conjugations lead me thirdly to the Moods which are modes shapes or faces of the Verb carved according to the inclination of the minde for the stating of a motion under a certain time Of whose nature or product finding so full an account rendred by the learned * Ibid c. 114 Scaliger I shall not shew my self so much a Plagiary as to insert it otherwise than as the sense of his more able pen which summarily is That all things which act must needs be qualified with an appetible energie or power to desire that being the cause of motion as PRIVATION is of It and whatever it be that desireth doth it either inconsiderately by a certain natural
excellent and precise use As If I were to say When I had spoken I sate down It were as if I had said Did fit But in case the expression of the Action were to antecede the Subjunctive declaration then HAVE would be as proper As to say He spoke as he had been an Oracle i. e. Did speak or hath spoken And if I were to begin with the supposition Then were I to express the following action Perfectively as to say Had he been au Oracle he could not have more truly spoken Which sense in the Latine must sound Preter-perfectively As Si adesset Apollo rectius loqui non potuisset Where its observable that in that language the anteceding supposition is expressible by the Preterimperfect as well as the Pluperfect tense but never by the Perfect adfuerit in that place sounding more like the Future tense So that the conveniencie of these and such like connections advise us here to understand Plus not as it comes from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Plenius but from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 multus And so may we admit of this Preterpluperfect tense as being a Tense besides or rather by the side of the Perfect expressing something more that is somewhat else suffered or done before CHAP. IV. Of the Participial Variation of the Verb. THe Participle I take for a sort of Motus per accidens or a moving Quality The Verb so coming adjectible to a Being for manifestation of its qualities in order to Action or Passion and that in point of time either present or to come I say ADJECTIBLE in regard it must then adhere to the Substantive in all respects like the Adjective after whose Termination it is declined I say IN ORDER TO ACTION OR PASSION To distinguish it from a Noun Adjective whose part is to express the quality of the Being in order to perfection under which I comprehend Good and Evil as all other qualities under them I say IN POINT OF TIME To distinguish it not only from the Verbial Adjective as Tempus edax rerum which if I convert to a Participial expression must be Edens res But also from Participial voyces and Nouns That is Not the Gerunds so called by our Author But Participles that be so only Vocally As when I say A Loving man The word Loving is a plain Vocal * The same is Caredig Caradỽu in the Brittish Participle there being no such Adjective in the Language Or when in Latine I say Legendis veteribus legendis being Vocally a passive Participle of the Future tense Yet in regard thus posited those noâ—ifie no time they are in sense no more then Adjectives Wherefore our Author teacheth That a Participle taketh part of a Verb as Tense and Signification As if he had said The Vocality cannot make a compleat Participle unless also it hath relation to a Tense Which lastly I have here confin'd to either PRESENT or FUTURE to manifest that all Qualities must be understood of Beings either Actual or Potential Sithence a third distinction of Being is not to be found in Nature And contingencies whether complex'd or incomplex'd being but Vel praesentia vel futura So Jacob. Martin in part Met. Sect. 10. Thereby clearly excluding our Authors Praeter-tense Passive And in my conceit justly For in confirmation of Martins said Philosophy I observe that this Preter-participle doth not answer our Authors definition First in respect that in single sentences it doth not take but is part of a Verb. Although the Verb or Verbial part of the word be not alwayes expressed As in that example by our Author produced out of Virgil. Nunc oblita mihi tot â—armina As if he had said Oblita sunt fuerunt vel fuere Secondly That in multilocutorie or compound expressions the time is not noted by it but by the following Verb. As when I say Lustratus urbem rus ibam or ibo The latter being the same in sense as if I said Postquam urbem lustratus fuero rus tho doth manifest that the time in the former is not specified by Lustratus but by the Verb tham Wherefore I submit to my more judicious Reader whether I may not here close with the Rythme I think it be Sir William Davenants Think no more on what is past Since time in motion makes such hast It hath no leisure to descry The Errors which it passeth by Thus also becometh the Participle of so covert a cognizance but most to the Latine liberty of position whereas the Northern languages having the least radical dependance on the Roman do mainly so manifest it * Viz. By ranging their words according to their peculiar signification yet after the respectively different Idioms following The English always placeth the Adjective in the van of the Substantive and the Participle in the arrear either of the Substantive or Verb as when they say A good man loving vertue liveth uprightly The word Loving is sufficiently known to be a Participle meerly because placed after the Substantive man and not before it as the Adjective Good And rationally A main use of the Partiple being by the Omission of a Conjunction to bring two motions that accidentally proceed from one Being expressible also by one sentence As for further instance To read and to write are different actions Yet its possible they may at once proceed from the same Agent At which time insteed of I write and I read I may so more concinly say that I write reading So a good man may be a bad Citizen But when both capacities well qualified do meet in one person whereas verbially I must have said That good man loveth vertue and liveth uprightly I may participially express all by one sentence saying That good man loving vertue liveth c. The same position have all the languages coming from the Schlavonic and High-dutch which I have heard sundry Gentlemen of those Countries maintain to be originally but one Those that were otherwise minded ever disputing the antiquity of tother language Contrarily the Brittish being a language of more reality then complement as it alwayes placeth the Substantive in the front it being non-sense to them to prefer accidents to their substances so when the casual word is regular without a preposited note doth their participial sense follow the Adjective like a middle gerund of the Latine Gỽr da yn caru rhinỽedh c. I. e. Vir bonus in amando virtutem En aimant saith the Frenchman An Idiome fully ratified in the sense of the fore-quoted flower of Leyden where he saith Iul. Seal ib. l. 1. c. 143. Medium gerundiorum servat vires participii Sed tanto aptiore modo quanto superabantur à participiis verba But we must with * In prafat ad Ethic. Dr. Case confess that Ruina Bangoriensi gloria Walliae nebulata fuit Ah! Sceler oedh y * Saxon Schelum Scholan O'r Tỽr daflu'r Llyfrau'r tán The like position have the languages deriving from the
Brittish as Jaith Gerniỽ and Jaith Ludaỽ i. e. The Cornish and the Armoric commonly called Little Brittaine which as Mr. Cambden affirms was the ancient name of Ireland Where saith * In descrip Hyberniae he the Brittsh language was spoken until they were over-run by the Spaniard A verity which at my being in that Isle I could discern more by the names of some places there then any thing in the language excepting only this position The said sentence being by them thus rendred For mach yn gra du Sâ—elki i gamacht gy direcht i. e. Vir bonus ex amore virtutis expres è seu sine dolo se gerit The Substantive GRA so placed being their Succedaneum both of Participle and Gerund CHAP. V. Of the variation of the Verb into Gerund and Supine THe Gerund I find with our Author going under a twofold cognizance viz. In his Introduction by name of a voyce belonging to the Infinitive Mood and in his Institutions by name of participial voyces My apprehension is that by his first appellation he chiefly meaneth the third Gerund as by his second he notes the other two but more precisely the middle its sense being clearly participial excelling only in that it relates to the action rather than the person acting whereas the first substantially expresseth the essence of a motion in a middle way between a participle and a Substantive being fortified in its governance according to the rules of the Genitive of a Substantive after Adjectives or Substantives as a verbial action proceeding from a Being either qua Being or qua so qualified as Amor habendi certuo eundi i. e. Aeneas certus eundi As for our Author's design in converting this Gerund to an adjectible signification by his Virgilian Authority of Generandi gloria mellis I must submit whether that seeming Gerund be other than as one of the participial voices forementioned For were it a Gerund then should it be govern'd as the action of Gloria and must also govern mellis accusatively Our Author 's own rules teaching that Participles Gerunds and Supines do govern by such cases as do the Verbs that they come of A domination beyond the verge of those participial voices in regard they denote no time as aforesaid Which I instance to ease may readers memory from the trouble of conning those many substantives our Author in his Introduction observes to require this Gerund instead of the infinitive mood That rule amounting to no more than as if he had said When ever the essence of an action proceedeth as out of the possession of a Being it is more emphatically express'd by this Gerund than either by its Verb or Substantive Amor habendi Cecropias apes sounding with more vehemency than either apes possidere or possessionis apum So also do we say Otium scribcndi literas rather than Scribere literarum scripturae or Scriptionis although the English seldom express this otherwise than by the sound of the Infinitive Mood Yet sithence sometimes as well as to write they manifest their leisure of writing Dr. Taylor * Pag. 9â— to an English translator gives an excellent note to this particular viz. that The English of the Infinitive Mood or the Participle of the present Tense without a Substantive coming after an Adjective or Substantive which govern a Genitive with the sign of is put in the Gerund in di And saith he again The English of the Participle of the present Tence coming without a Substantive and following an Adjective Verb or Participle with the sign of or any sign of the Ablative Case is made in the Gerund in do with or without a Preposition To which for I pretend not to much reading and therefore in rules taken from observation do wholly submit to more literate heads I only add That preposited signs being badges of the vulgarity of a language and therefore industriously avoided by the Latine Part 2. c. 2. as hath been fore-shewed may be suspected to have crept in hither with the familiarity of common converse The original Latine design by these and the following variation of the Verb so meerly tending to the heightening of their Idiome not probably admitting of such allaies And this our Author tacitly observes while for their governance he picketh out Authorities free from those clogs as Efferor studio videndi parenâ—es Defessus sum ambulando Utendum est aetate Scitatum oracula Phaebi Mittimus Where the Poet to avoid the said vulgarity chooseth the voice of a Supine for his expression of a Gerundian sense This third Gerund only transcending the Infinitive Mood by stating the cause along with the action which our Author confirms teaching that The English of the Infinitive Mood coming after a reason and shewing the cause of a reason is put in the Gerund in Dum. Yet Scaliger takes liberty to extend that faculty to the whole three Saying Ibid. Quoniam causam gerundia statuunt idcirco plus indicant quam verba aut participia His end thereby probably being their Pass under the same rationality of appellation Gerundia quia rerum gerendarum causam unà indicant In order whereunto this compleating the number what in special belong'd to it I conceive he might lawfully attribute to the whole three by a Synechdoche à retrò Whatever may excuse me for this reduction of our Author's parts of speech Besides my ignorance why a Gerund should not be accounted a part of speech as well as a Participle It being confessed to indicate more and as well known to decline into and * Declinatio est Tractio dictionis per casuum sedes So Dr. Davis p. 60. caroch among its prescribed Conditions or Cases Unless that finding both Participle Gerund and Supine to be but so many variations of the word of motion I may be adjudged pardonable while I so comprehend them Conclusively noting that as this Gerund doth out-do the Infinitive Mood by stating the cause along with the action So doth the Supine transcend it First in point of Confidence and secondly of security Confidence In that it expresseth future actions as if they were already come to pass As when I say Venio ad pagnandum I thereby manifest a future Tence But when I express my self by Pugnatum the futurity appeareth so certain as pâ—â—sent Dictum puta saith Socia in Terence And rationally in regard all natural motions the nearer they approach their end or center move more swiftly and consequently more vigorously The apprehension of which strength must necessarily introduce confidence and that security as the end or perfection of the motion So that as the first Supine intimates the said motion in viâ the other doth it in fine Venio Pugnatu expressing the business so done that for the future I may rest securely Wherefore Scaliger observes how that the Poet describes Melibaeus as a person strugling with Fortune Ibid. Virgil. Eclog 1. and managing his affâ—irs with more courage than good luck
meer substitute besides that sic and such other Adverbs as have no representative power either of Noune or Verb dare not aspire to that eminence 2. The conformed Adverbs of this use are numberless in regard of the nearness of this notes relation to the word of Being But the governance is ever on the same account as Pridie Calendarum i. e. Priori die Calendarum being there genitively governed as the latter of two Substantives Or if I say Pridie calendas It will be the same as Dics prae or antc calendas i. e. the day just or directly before And therefore is Calendas governed accusatively the straightness of the motion in the space between its extreams being so noted by the proposition 2. The second sort of Adverbs are alwaies expressed along with the Qualities they so explicate as Valde bonus minis longus egregie impudens c. and therefore do they not govern at all the command of the Officer being so excluded by the presence of the Lord. 3. The other speciously governing Adverbs are generally a sort of dethroned Adjectives so officiating in order to their like manifestation of the accidents of the Verb as while Adjectives they did of the Substantive And therefore do we say Similis cantus but similiter c. nit and doth our Author note that canit similiter buic quia saith he Dativum admâ—tunt nominum unde deducta sunt And so of the rest according to the respective casual governance of the Noune or Verb whence they proceed Their pretended governance of Verbs our Author mentions with so many Interdum's as evinceth its subjection to the reason of the delivery neither can I understand his conjunction of similaty and dissimilary Cases Moods and Tenses otherwise The Proposition I confess our Author himself somewhat seemeth to promote to a governing state while he teacheth that Praepositioni accidit casuum regimen but he adds Sâ—ve constructio As it he had said Earum regimen si vis constructionem 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. orationis structuram appelles That being the end of their position before other parts as hath been fore-shewed Part 2. c. 2. And that I may not seem either to expound our Author or contradict such as positively affirm the said governance altogether on my score I find tacitly ratified by my fore-quoted Countrey-man Joannes Davidas Rhaesus known in England by name of Doctor Davies and in Italy by a Tract he there writ in the Florentine Idiome de structuâ—á Latini Sermonis who in his Institutiones Cymâ—aecae or Latine Welsh-Grammer where he mentions these governances hath no such word as Regunt but nectuntur uâ—ctunt serviunt respectively discoursing of the Adverb Conjunction and Preposition The same I also find in Dr. Taylor 's viz. The first joyned the second joyning and the third serving As for the Interjection To ascribe it a regular governance were to confound it with a Parenthesis And therefore doth our Author note it ad Placitum O fostus dies O fortunaâ—os nimium O formose puer c It rather governing its concomitant Mute and so from an imperfect scarce worded voice becoming the most absolute ornament of Speech As those who have received their education from the sedulous Lectures of Academick Professors can amply witness And recommend as worthy of ingenious consideration and publick Were not these gestures in most Countries singular and therefore best attainable by observation of their attractive effect on the attention of respective Auditories As I remember once merrily hinted at by a no less grave than ingenions Preachet in Leyden who to satisfie the importunity of a young Divine of his acquaintance having lent him an elaborate and in that very place often approved Sermon to be delivered by this Candidate In order to his admission into the Pastorship but not taking had no shift to disabuse my new Levite other than by perswading him That the fault lay in his own forgetfulness that he had not borrowed his Bow as well as his Fidle Both indeed proceeding from the same root As may be instanced by a Bowler Whom we shall ever see shouldering puffing stamping or drawing back as the condition of his cast seems devious But if he finds it equally running its right measured ground Then he either directly followeth or stedfastly look's on as in his posture of confidence That these Gestures though accompany'd with or proceeding from never so strong incinations of an unfascinating mind can either take from add to or otherwise direct the motion once passed the Gamesters hand I shall not suspect Yet having often laugh'd at them in others and endeavour'd to forbear them my self but with more iâ—ksomness than success I cannot but think them natural Especially while I observe the same comparably to hold with the Orator And that according to the perfection of his language Which as it doth least multiply its attendants with these notes or that I may not causlesly vary from our Authors language parts of Speech so requireth is fewer outward signs for its ornament For example The Latine Adverbial note Olim signifying a rassed as well as future time The note cum used both fo an Adverb Conjunction and Preposition As it serves either to declare the signification of a Verb to joyn sentences or else as a preposited badge to the Ablative case of a word of Being Whereas in vulgar languages its sense is expressed by notes severally differing according to the said respective imployments And hence probably comes it that the Spanish Reel or French Shrugge be not yet fashonable among the Italians whose discourses they render no less magnetick by the interjection of certain nodds stops and change of countenance which the word Blush being too young I want expression for The Flavour is still the Flavour Other than as we say of the Flavour of Wine that they are becoming the gravity of an Italian Whether there be any Books writ on this subject I am not certain But observe that before the use of Bandstrings this gravity hath been emulated by the English The noble Chaucer as he encomiat's the deportment of the Arabian Envoy in the Tartarian presence thus singing Accordant to his woords was his chere The Squier Tale As teacheth art of speech hem that it lere CHAP. 2. Of the Pronoune with the Arts from it proceeding I Conclude with the note of the Nodd the Pronoune which our Author calls A part of Speech much like to and indeed is the same with a Noune although it differeth from his Noune Adjective in that it denotes a personal Being and from his Substantive first in respect that this personality is neither proper nor appellative and secondly in that it imply's number I THOU and H E. Under which be comprehended the other twelve and to whom is added the officious Relative as the Gentleman Ipocrifat in Herauldrie Wherefore our Author adds that it is used in shewing or rehearsing viz. The Pronoune in shewing as
qualities were in him perfect is manifest in that from him the Heavens were called Caeli He was father to SATURN who was God of Plenty whence his Age might be called Golden His name also coming a Saturando aswell as from the Hebrew SATAR i. e. To hide or shut up both typifying the witnessed in the Philosophical use of this Tract forementioned See more of his golden age in Fulgentius his Mythologie as of his veil and succession in Sir Walter Raleigh's Historic of the World l. 2. c. 24. G VENUS being daughter to JUPITER son of SATURN H CUPID suppo'â—d originally blinded with Saturns veil and therefore shooting rovingly as his fansie shall occasionally incite him towards either VENVS He shoots Saturns arrows as personating the word of motion conveying the indigent desires of the word of Being towards its formal cause or word of sense here represented by VENVS Wherefore also he stands in MERCVRIES's disguise SATVRN MERCVRY and VENVS now figuring the remnant of that wisdom which before the veyling was specified by Celius Saturn and Mercurie As averreth Trismegistus Neither could Mercurie represent these several motions in his own person he being no Archer If any then be so critical as to question how I dare add arrows to Saturn I wish he would conceive them to be those which erst Mercurie having stoln from Apollo hid here under Saturns veryl for the present use of Cupid and so pass my application with the same face that HORACE observes PHAEBVS to have done the theft Te boves olìm nisi redidisses Per dolum amotos Puerum minaci Voce dum terret viduus Pharetrâ Risit Apollo l. 1. Od 10. Which also shews there shall in SATURNS state Provincial Kings succeed whose love and hate Both politick and corporal shall be Guided alone by self-conveniencie Then may you hear Romes Counsl'ar I Orator Perswading these four Venus's to ' adore Which I forbear to blazon since Sans doubt When by such means your state is come about Through various fortunes from the Sheephook to The Crozier they will be so known that so The world shall speak their language what to make Yet of this tail devouring heast the Snake Other then as it the vicissitude Of time and things denotes I not conclude Though when the Crozier is outwor'n of all Its idolized fukes Canonical Some think things shall again turn Saturnine But that conceipt I pass to my Divine I Cicero who in his third book Dâ— Naturâ Deorum mentioneth four Venus's Three whereof I find sitnamed by Nat. Comes Mytholog l. 4. viz. Caelestis Hortensis and Popularis The first of which typifying the word of sense answering the direct natural motion of the Verb I have here plac'd as the Accusative case of the Noun The second as figuring possession and consequently answering the circular motion I have marshall'd Genitively The third as carrying an analogie with Romes Political confederacy I have seated Ablatively And lastly Cicero's fourth which I conceive to be Venus terrestris and so the end of Acquisition I have ranked Datively For which reasons I further distinguish the first by its natural amorous aspect no way diverted by imployment The second by the Spindle The third by the Silkworms and the fourth by the Cyphon That so they might distinctly represent the four respective motions of the Verb in the second Chapter of the second Part of this Discourse already mentioned As for the Vocative Condition of the Noun Its incapacity of receiving any shot of Cupid's invited me to represent it by a Huntsman Whom a sight so resembling the * See Mr. Sands Emblem before Ovid Met. 30 Gargaphian might terrifie to a religious compellation of his Genius thus to explicate And Reader now though Caelus be ascended If thou but fain our Venus's contracted And Cupid's seat to Mercurie resigned The Analogie will soon appear compleated Matter Beinge Saturne forme Motion Mercuriâ— Priuation or Proportion Quality Venus The Antients as when distinguishing between spiritual and corporeal nature they likened the one to a Trine and the other to a square So did they typifie the whole by water Finding it as in its orbicular form to be the Trine of a square So in its substance or entity to contain the Fire Love or Life of all Beings like as the Mathematicians Center doth his Lines This fire c. The Greek Philosophers called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. The mind or rather mental motion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. mente agito And the Hebrew Divines ELOHIM which our vulgar translation englisheth God Gen. 1.2 Vpon the face of the waters saith Moses moved the Spirit of God To whom alone in his trin-unity wonderful be the glory for ever Rectori magnifico Professoribus in almâ matre inclytâ Frisiorum Academiâ quae est Franequerae S. TRactatulum hunc relegenti confiderantia mihi occurrit de communi librorum fato Censurâ Quae quanquam ut cerebri anfractus variegata sit interim tamen dum Vota nihil definiant necessario quoad hoc reducibilis videbam in quid unum Num scil Philosopho an cum ratione insanienti potius quadret Quapropter quum judicium omne plenam supponit judicandi cognitionem exseminariò rem dissecandam censui Alstedio tradente modum In omni disciplinâ inquit * In ency clopaed Philosoph l. 4. ill oportet spectare primò Cur secundo Quomodo sit discenda i. e. Finis modus ad finem tendens Finis hujus ex libri epigraphe patet ut sit Sermonis rationalitas Conamen quod dum incomparatum restat duo imprimis consideranda praebet Optabilitatem scil Possibilitatem rei Prior ex Aristotele câ—nfirmari est ubi docet In rebus eligendis quà m detrahere oportet eligendorum excellentiam Topic. l. 3. Tract 2. c. â— Quia si honore dignius est optabilius etiam id quod honore est dignum est optabile Sic enim si per causas scire praestat quà m per accidentia quod ex Scientiae definitione patet etiam rationalis Grammatices authoritativae ut praestet necesse est per consequens quod optabile quid talis sit Quia quin ars Grammaticalis est honore digna Credo neminem inficias ire vel exinde quo inter hominem belluam distinguit Ratificatam invenio Posteriorem per Praenobilem Franciscum de Verulam Heroen in omni Philosophiae genere eâ—imiè agnitum Tom. 6. cap. 1. Qui in magnâ sua Scientiarum Instauratione libro per Europam usque adeò celebrato ut vestrâ quin in Bibliothecâ locum tenet nil moror non solum asserit Artem Grammaticalem posse reddi Philosophicam sed ipsummet Grammaticen quandam mente sibi tenuisse conceptam quae non verborum cum verbis sed cum rebus analogian monstraret Hocque Excellentissimi viri lucubratiunculic hisce mâ—is ortum dedit Id enim
I love and the Relative in rehearsing as I who love Ille ego qui quondam Which also is the office of its Verb And that either in order to its own being or Passions as I am or I am called upon or else in order to its personal posture as I sit or sleep All which must have the casual word nominatively placed because the motion terminates in it self And so remain's a monument of the primitive unity I THOU and HE living as one until they came to distinguish MINE THINE and HIS These introduc'd Trade and that the multiplicity of clinshing words and tropical sentences in order to perswasion Insomuch that such is the present excellency of that Art as it might be taken for no Paradox saving the gravity of a * Qui ratio naliterutitur argumentis ad persuadendum Oratoris nomen meruit etiamsi non persuaserit Quint. Qu ntilianist from the young Oâ—ator while he maintained the moneys he had promised his Tutor for teaching him the whole Art of Rhetorick were not due until he could by that Art perswade him to part with the summe he neither yet had nor intended for him when he had it And that he must expect would create a dispute Mercurie not recovering his altitude until he doth Iater duos loquentes media currere ut Logicè reciprocetur oratio * N. Comes An Art whose Circumstantials the experience of my short step of travel could not observe so long dâ—elt upon beyond the Seas as in the English Universities is usual And therefore cannot sufficiently applaud the Epitome given it by my most worthily honoured friend Sir Kâ—nelme Digbie * In Treat of Bodies part 2. c. 3. â—n argument saith he The assumed Term unto which the other two are enterchangeably joyn'd is either said of them or they are said of it And from hence do spring three different kinds of Syllogism For either the assumed or middle term is said of both the other two or both they are said of it or it is said of one of them and the other is said of it And this is the mysteric of the three Figures our Clerks so much talk of Which having elsewhere occasionally cleared the Mathematical Spring of Aâ—â— I here mention to manifest how that those seven that the civilized part of the world do honour with the Epithite of Gent or Liberal be no other than Grammer expanded And so proceed to the use of this its present Reduction The Use of the whole TREATISE THe Text saith There are three that bear witness in heaven The Father the Word Joh. Ep. I. 5.7 and the Holy Ghost and these three are one There are three that bear witness in earth the Spirit the Water and the Blood and these three agree in one As I am no quarreller at Scripture so am I not certain whether the Original sounds 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 However both coming from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Spiro had the more strict present occasion of the Evangelist permitted the Translators to have expressed the Blood by name of Winde they had thereby saved me the use of faith sithence I should then have understood the assertion Philosophically as knowing the water wind and Spirit to be one viz. Submisâ—â— Religioni Philosophâ—â— clavibus sonâ— sus legitimâ— utamini Verul ad Acad. Cantabrig The wind a rarified water and the Spirit a rarified wind And consequently the wind to be a coagulated spirit and the water a coagulated winde So bearing their witness of the infiniteness of the opening and the shutting Mens agitans molem coeco se corpore miscens As the Maronian in the fourth of his Georgicks hath it See the last Embleme probably out of Thales Milesius whose sense Cicero in his books De Natnrâ Deorum so much depends on and we find abundantly confirmed in the twelfth chapter of that admirable Book of Job and elsewhere throughout the Text. My intent hence is not with * In Relig. med Dr. Brown to maintain a multiplicity of worlds But to induce first how Aristotles principles of the world do bear the same witness Form being no other then a vivified matter as proportionated Beings be the auâ—optic gallantry of that Form formed and wherein the respective decay of heat is the recess of the life towards its abscondity So secondly the excellency of the microcosme consisting in its discursive faculty Plato in Timan. as the manifested expansion of the unity of mans soul to its trine How it must also in its Philosophie bear a like testimony The word of motion being a word of Being actuated as amare is a word essentially declaring the action of Amor and modable according to the temporal inclination of the lover towards whatever Being he therein can fansie perfection Whence the Ancients fained Cupid in as many shapes as they do Venus See the Embleme or as Pausanias latinized hath it Tot amores quot Veneres Yet they comprized all under Greatness and Goodness which as saith the same Author are but one Quia identidem appetitum alliciunt And its observable that the perfection towards which a motion is thus directed or attracted is often invisible even as is the fire in water yet known to be there by reason of its flowing For when the ambient cold sorceth the fire to its center the water as it ceaseth its flowing is no more water but ice until the fire be invited to its pristine expansion by exterior warmth Even so in what ever whether visible or invisible quality of a Being my opinion fanfieth perfection this perfection but so thence vanishing the motion of my love immediately retires to its first essentiality And thus as John loveth or not loveth Joan be the cogitations of man expressible by the said * Intelligete movere generare essentialiter idem sunt See D. Davison in Currie Chymic part 2. TRINE-U NE words occasionally varyed and attended as in this Treatise I have assayed to manifest So that I can at present think of no remaining intricacie saving when in order to a more copious or concise delivery I am induced to compound the termini of a sentence some or one of them which conjoyned branches although they contain a Verb respectively in themselves do yet amount to no more than either a Supposition Declaration Relation or Reason 1. Whereof the first is known by its preposited note of doubt as when with our Author I say Si cupis placere magistro utere diligentiâ 2. The second by its subjoyning office as to say ut placeas 3. The third by the Relative as Qui cupis placere 4. And the fourth by the absence of a Verb otherwise than infinitively posited As if I were to say Cupiens placere magistro utere diligentiâ In all which the understood Noun Personal or Pronoun Tu must be the Being whence the Verb utere moveth towards diligentia as the word