part of a Noun as well as of Verb as Amans loving A Participle hath from a Noun gender case and declension from a Verb tens and signification from both these number and figure According to tens there bee four kindes of Participles 1. A Participle of the Present tens hath the signification of the Present tens and endeth in ans ens and iens as Amans docens legens audiens But iens of eo is seldom read in the Nominative case but euntis c. in the oblique cases But its compounds have the Nominative case in iens and the Genitive in euntis except Ambiens ambientis 2. A Participle of the Preter tens signifieth the time past and endeth in tus sus xus as Amatus loved visus seen nexus knit and one in uus as Mortuus dead 3. A Participle of the future in Rus hath the signification of the Future tens of its Infinitive mood Active as Amaturus to love Docturus about to teach 4. A Participle of the Future in Dus hath the signification of the Future tens of the Infinitive Passive as Amandus to bee loved hereafter The Participle of the Present tens is formed of the Preterimperfect tens by changing the last syllable into ns as of Amabam amans The Participle of the Preter tens is formed of the later Supine by putting to s as of Amatu amatus The participle of the Future in rus is formed of the later Supine by puting to rus as of Amatu amaturus The participle of the Future in dus is formed of the Genitive case of the participle of the present tens by changing t is into dus as of Amantis amandus These participles are derived of their verbs besides the common rule Pariturus about to bring forth nasciturus to bee born soniturus to sound arguiturus to reprove moriturus to die luiturus that shal pale or suffer punishment nosciturus to know osurus to hate futurus to bee oriturus to arise These bee like participles but are derived of Nouns Tunicatus coated togatus gowned personatus personated larvatus marked c. From Actives and Neuters which have the Supines com two Participles one of the present tens and the other of the Future in rus as of Amo amans amaturus of Curro currens cursurus But of som Neuters are found also Participles in dus as Dubitandus to bee doubted vigilandus to bee watched carendus to bee wanted dolendus to bee grieved And of these which make their preterperfect tens in manner of passives is made also a participle of the preter tens as gaudeo gavisus glad juro juratus sworn so likewise from Impersonals in tur as of Aratur aratus plowed Of Verbs Passives com two participles one of the preter tens the other of the Future in dus as of Amor cometh Amatus amandus Of Verbs Deponent com three participles viz. of the present tens preter tens and of the Future in rus as of Auxilior to aid cometh auxilians auxiliatus auxiliaturus To manie also belongeth a participle in dus especially to such as govern an Accusative case as of Loquor to speak cometh Loquens loquuturus loquutus loquendus Of Verbs Commune com four participles as of Largior to bestow or bee bestowed cometh Largiens largiturus largitus largiendus There bee no participles exstant from verbs Impersonals except Poenitens repenting decens becomming libens lubens willing pertaesus irking poenitendus to bee repented pudens shaming pudendus to bee ashamed pigendus to bee irked Participles are turned into nouns Participials 1. When they govern another case then their verb doth govern as Amans pecuniae loving of manie 2. When they are compounded with words which their verbs will not bee compounded withal as Infans an infant Indoctus unskilful 3. When they bee compared as Amans loving Amantior more loving Amantissimus verie loving 4. When they signifie no time as Sapiens wise Sponsa a bride Participles of the Present tens verie often becom Substantives somtimes of the Masculine gender as Oriens the East somtimes of the Feminine as Consonans a Consonant somtimes of the Neuter as Accidens an accident somtimes of the Common of three as Appetens greedie of Participles of the Present tens are declined with three Articles as Hic haec hoc Amans like Felix Participles of other tenses are declined with three terminations as Amatus ta tum Amaturus ra rum Amandus da dum like Bonus Chap. 40 Of an Adverb V. An Adverb explaineth a Verb. There bee 33 kindes of Adverbs AN ADVERB is a part of Speech added to other words but especially to the Verb to declare and perfect their sens and signification The Significations of Adverbs are manie whose varietie must bee gathered out of the Circumstances of the Verbs According to their signification som are called Adverbs of Place and signifie In a Place as Hic here Illic there To a Place as Huc hither Illuc thither From a Place as Hinc hence Illinc thence By a Place as Hac this waie Illac that waie Time as Nunc now tunc then hodie to date usque until or as far as is both of Time and Place Number as Semel once bis twice ter thrice iterum again Order as Indè after that denique lastly demū lastly Asking as Cur why quare wherefore unde whence Calling as Heus ho ô eho so ho. Affirming as Certè truly nae truly profectò scilicet yes Denying as Non not haud not minimè no. Swearing as Pol by Apollo aedipol by Apollo's temple hercle by Hercules Exhorting as Agè go to sodes if you dare sûltis if you will Granting as Licèt it may bee so estò bee it so sit sanè bee it indeed so Forbidding at Nè not non not Flattering as Amabò prethee Wishing as Vtinam would to God ô si O that Gathering together as Simul together unà in one pariter alike Parting as Seorsim severally gregatim by flocks bifariam two waies Choosing as Potiùs rather imò yea rather satiùs better Excluding as Tantùm onely modò onely solùm onely Including or denying onely as Non modò not onely non solùm not onely nedum much less Diversitie as Aliter otherwise secus otherwise Propinquitie or Nearness as Obvià m meeting praestò at hand Intending or Increasing as Valdè very nimis too funditus utterly omnino altogether Remitting or diminishing as Vix scarce aegrè hardly paulatim by little and little pedetentim foot by foot Restraining as Quatenus as for as quoad as much concerneth in-quantum in as much as Of a thing not finished as Penè almost ferme in a manner Explaining as Putà suppose utpote as nimirum to wit id est that is videlicet to wit quasi dicat as if one should saie Doubting as Forsan perhaps forsitan perhaps so fortassis if it bee so Chance as Fortè as it fall's out fortuitò by chance fortè-fortunâ by fortune Shewing as En lo
gon Calling as Eho how ho io so ho. Praising as Euge weldon eja aha Scorning as Hui whoo Exclaiming as Proh O. Cursing as Malùm a mischief vae malùm wo with a mischief Disliking as Phy out upon it Threatning as Vae wo. Laughing as Ha ha he Silence as Au ' st whisht Pax peace Somtimes Nouns Verbs and other words are put into a Speech in manner of Interjections as Infandùm not to bee spoken Amabò of all loves or as thou lovest mee Malùm a mischief mirabile dictu wonderful to bee said c. LIB III. OF SYNTAX Syntax teacheth the due joining of words By rules SYNTAX or Construction is the third part of Grammar which teacheth the due joining of words together And that is the due joining of words which the most approved among the antients have used both in writing and speaking There bee two parts of Syntax Concordance CHAP. 1 Government CHAP. 2. Chap. 1. Of Concordance 1. Of Concordance COncordance is the construction of words according to their agreement in som of the things that belong unto them There bee three Concords The first between the Nominative case and the Verb. § I. The second between the Substantive and the Adjective § II. The third between the Antecedent and the Relative § III. To which may bee added the Rules Of the case of the Relative § IV. Of the word that asketh and the word that answereth to the question § V. §. I. The Rule of the first Concord A Verb Personal agreeth with its Nominative case in Number and Person as The Master readeth and yee neglect Whil'st the cat sleepeth the mice dance 1. Obs The Nominative case of the first or second person is very seldom set down as Without God wee can do nothing 1. Exc. Unless it bee for differencing sake i. e. when wee signifie several emploinients as Thou plaiest I ply my book 2. Exc. Or for Emphasis sake i. e. when wee mean more then wee speak expresly as Thou art our Patron thou art our Father if thou forsakest us wee are undon 2. Obs The Verb Substantive is very often understood as There is no safetie in War Such a Master such a man 3. Obs Oft-times other Verbs also are understood as * To prick out the raven's eies The sow †will return to the mire §. II. The Rule of the second Concord THe Adjective agreeth with its Substantive in case gender and number as True faith is a rare bird in the earth and verie like to a black swan An hastie bitch bringeth forth blinde whelps 1. Obs An Adjective put like a Substantive doth supply the place of a Substantive as A learned poor man is better then an unlearned rich man All evil things are to bee avoided A good man is a common good §. III. The Rule of the third Concord 3. The third THe Relative qui agreeth with its Antecedent in gender number and person as The man is wise that speaketh few words The first hour that gave life took from it The burden is made light which is well born N. B. The Antecedent most commonly is a word that goeth before the Relative and is rehearsed again of the Relative The Nominative case the Substantive and the Antecedent bee called Supposites becaus in Concordance they bee as it were put under the Verb Adjective and Relative which also by som are called Apposites and bear them up hence 1. Obs In speeches which belong onely to men the Supposite is often understood as Thus men say commonly Good boies learn diligently A good woman com of good parents Hee that maketh too much hast dispatcheth too late Things which hurt us teach us 2. Obs Somtimes a whole claus a member of a sentence a Verb of the Infinitive mood an Adverb with a Genitive case or a word put for it self do supplie the place of Supposites as To-have-faithfully-learned-the-Liberal-Arts doth qualifie men's manners To-rise-early is verie wholsom Part of the ensigns are burnt I-came-in-season which is the chiefest of all things Farewel beeing often said I again spake manie words 3. Obs The Supposite somtimes agreeth with the Verb or Adjective or Relative in sens rather then words as A companie rush Both are deluded or mocked An armed Nation fight Where is that rogue that hath undon mee 4. Obs A Verb Adjective or Relative set between two Supposites of divers numbers or genders may agree with either of them as The falling out of lovers is the renewing of love Povertie seemed a great burden A living-creature full of reason whom wee call a man A bird which is called a sparrow The Citie Lutetia which wee call Paris 5. Obs Many Supposites Singular having a Conjunction Copulative between them wil have a Verb Adjective or Relative plural and these will agree with the more worthie supposite as I and thou who plie our books diligently are in safetie Thou and hee who sit so negligent take heed you bee not whipt N. B. The worthiness of a Supposite is considered according to its 1 Gender or 2 Person 1 The first Person is more worthie then the Second or third the second more worthie then the third 2. The Masculine Gender is more worthie then the Feminine or Neuter and the feminine is more worthie then the Neuter Excep But in things not apparent to have life the Neuter Gender is more worthie as The Bows and the Arrows are good Thy rod and thy staff these have comforted mee 6. Obs When the Verb or Adjective answereth to manie supposites it agreeth expressly with that which is nearest to it and with the rest by supplying it as Thou liest where I lie thou suppest when wee sup The husband and the wife is angrie Exc. Yet when there is a comparison or likeness the Verb or Adjective agreeth with the Supposite which is further from it as I write better then thou writest God's law is sweet as honie is sweet 7. Obs A Pronoun Primitive seem's to bee included or understood in a Possessive and therefore the Relative or Adjective do oft agree with such a Primitive as It concerneth not mee who am the eldest Seeing no bodie readeth my writings fearing to recite them publickly §. IV The Rule concerning the case of the Relative To which add 4. The case of the Re-lative WHen there cometh no Nominative case between the Relative and the Verb the Relative shall bee the Nominative case to the verb as Hee that bewareth not afore shall bee sorrie afterward That which is rare is dear Hee may easily finde a stick who desire 's to beat a dog But if there doth com a Nominative case between the Relative and the Verb the Relative shall bee governed of the Verb or of som other word in the same sentence as Oft-times thou maist conquer by patience whom thou canst not conquer by force If thou canst not do what thou wouldest will that which thou maiest do Whose shadow I reverence Like to whom I have not seen 1.
Obs As the Relative may bee the Nominative case to the Verb so it may bee the Substantive to an Adjective as Hee that rejoiceth at other men's evils is twice wretched Happie is hee whom other men's harms make warie 2. Obs Nouns Interrogatives and Indefinites do follow the rule of the Relative which evermore go before the Verb like as the Relative doth as What an one was hee Hee was such an one as I never saw §. V. The rule of the Question and Answer 5 Of the Question and Answer WHen a question is asked the answer must bee made by the same case and tens that the question is asked by as What do yee Wee plie our books Who is rich Hee that desireth nothing Who is poor The covetous man What is now adoing in England They consult about Religion 1. Obs This rule faileth when the divers nature of words requireth divers cases viz. 1. When a question is made by Cujus ja jum as Whose cattle are these Egon's 2. Or by a word that may govern divers cases as Is hee accused of theft or of murder Of both What cost it A pennie 3. When one may answer by a Possessive as Whose book is this Mine Whose hous is this My Father's Chap. 2. Of the Government of Nouns 2. Of Construction 1. Of Nouns GOvernment is the Construction of words according to which everie aforegoing word governeth a certain case or mood of the word which followeth it Government is Of Nouns Chap. 2. Of Pronouns Chap. 3. Of Verbs Chap. 4. Of Participles Chap. 5. Of Adverbs Chap. 6. Of Conjunctions Chap. 7. Of Prepositions Chap. 8. Of Interjections Chap. 9. For all parts of Speech govern cases except a Conjunction which yet will have certain moods and tenses Nouns govern four cases A Genitive § VI. A Dative § VII An Accusative § VIII An Ablative § IX §. VI. The rule of Nouns governing a Genitive case 6. With a Genitive case THese are they that govern a Genitive case I. Substantives For when two Substantives com together betokening divers things the later shall bee the Genitive case as The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom God's word remaineth for ever 1. Obs But if two or more Substantives belong to one thing they shall bee put in the same case as My father beeing a man loveth mee a childe Mark Tullie Cicero the Prince of Orators 2. Obs The Genitive case of the owner is often changed into an Adjective Possessive as My father's hous My master's son 3. Obs The former Substantive is somtimes understood by an Ellipsis or defect of a word as To * Church St Marie's I saw this man 's †Servant Byrrhia The third * Daie of the Kalends 4. An Adiective of the Neuter gender beeing put for a Substantive will have a Genitive case as As much monie as any man keep 's in his chest so much credit hee hath Wee do not see that end of the wallet which is on the back So also will others after the Greek fashion as Black wooll will take no die Sneaking dogs clap the tail under the bellie 5. Words importing anie qualitie to the prais or disprais of a thing coming after a Noun or Verb Substantive shall bee put in the Ablative or Genitive case as A childe of an ingenuous look and ingenuous blush Everie basest fellow is of a most lavish tongue 6. Opus and Vsus when they bee Latine for need will have an Ablative case as What need words Hee hath need of twentie pounds But Opus necessarie admit's of divers cases as A guide is necessarie for us Get such things as are necessarie for you II. Adjectives that signifie desire knowledg remembrance care fear or such like passion of the minde as The nature of man is eager of news The minde is foresighted of that which is to com Live mindeful of death Fearful of a storm Ignorant of learning III. Adjectives derived of Verbs that end in ax as Virtue is an abandoner of vices Time is a consumer of things IV. Nouns Partitives as Som of you Take whether of these thou wilt V. Nouns beeing put partitively viz. having after them this english of or among such as are 1. Certain Interrogatives as Which of the brethren Is there anie among men so miserable as I am 2. Certain nouns of Number viz. Cardinals and Ordinals as Four of the Judges It is not yet apparent who was the eighth of the wise men 3. Nouns of the Comparative and Superlative degree as Of the hands the right is the stronger The middle finger is the longest among the fingers 1. Obs Yet these in another sens will have an Ablative case as The first from Hercules The third from Aeneas 2. And in another sens a Dative as Second to none in godliness 3. They are used also with the Prepositions by which their Genitive case is explained as One of you is a god One alone of a great manie The chief amongst all VI. Besides a great companie of other Adjectives viz. Compos reus exsors particeps and the like which may better bee learned by frequent reading as Able to perform his vow Accused of theft Exempted from all fault Partaking of his counsel Touching which see LINACER'S or DISPAUTER'S Grammars §. VII The rule of Nouns governing a Dative case 7. A Dative THese govern a Dative case I. Adjectives that betoken 1. Profit or Disprofit as O bee good and favorable to thine own Fit for the Countrie profitable for the field A rout grievous to the peace and enemie to gentle rest 2. Likeness or Unlikeness as A Poët is verie near to an Orator Equal to Hector Disagreeing to the truth 3. Pleasure as Pleasant to all persons 4. Submitting as Beseeching his father 5. Belonging to anie thing as Idleness will bee troublesom to thee There is no waie unpassable for virtue 6. Hitherto are referred nouns compounded with Con as Cognatus mihi a kin to mee 1. Obs Yet som of these which signifie Likeness may have a Genitive case as Thou art like thy Master Hee was equal to this man Partaker of the roguerie 2. Obs Communis alienus immunis proprius conscius and superstes will have divers cases as Common to all living creatures Death is common to all men This is common betwixt mee and thee Vnmeet for the purpose Far from ambition Estranged from Scevola's studies Free from this evil Free to all Wee are free from those evils It 's proper to fools Proper to mee I am guiltie to my self of no fault Hee was privie to the prank Hee outlived his honor That surviveth other things 3. Obs Natus commodus incommodus utilis inutilis vehemens aptus ineptus par aequalis will have somtimes an Accusative case with a Preposition as Born to glorie Shoos fit for the feet A man good of no side Virtues are equal and even amongst themselvs II. Nouns Adjectives derived of Verbs and of the Passive signification in bilis
as Hee is dead beeing to bee lamented of all good men And more to bee lamented by none then thee §. VIII The Rule of Nouns that govern an Accusative case ADjectives govern an Accusative which signifie the measure of length bredth or thickness of anie thing as A foot high An hand broad Three fingers thick Seven foot long But they somtimes also govern A Genitive case as Borders ten foot broad An Ablative as A Well three foot wide §. IX The Rule of Nouns governing an Ablative case I. THese govern an Ablative case 1 Nouns and Adverbs of the Comparative degree having then by or in after them as Silver is baser then gold and gold then virtue No Theatre to truth is greater then Conscience Higher by a foot To excel in strength 1. Obs Tantò quantò multò paulò nimiò eò quò hoc aetate natu are joined to both degrees of comparison as Hee is far more skilful then the rest but not much better By how much one is less learned by so much hee is more impudent The greatest in age i. e. The eldest The less by birth i. e. The youngest II. These Adjectives dignus indignus praeditus captus contentus extorris fretus as Thou art worthie of hatred Vnbefitting the gravitie of a wiseman Endued with everie virtue Deprived of eies Get thee hence content with thy condition Banished from his own hous Trusting to thy clemencie 1. Obs But dignus and indignus will have somtimes a Genitive case as A warfare worth thy labor Not unworthie of his great Ancestors III. Nouns of Diversitie will have an Ablative case with a Preposition as Another thing from this Another man from him And somtimes a Dative as Different from this thing IV. Adjectives and Verbs that signifie plentie or want will have an Ablative and somtimes a Genitive case as Love is verie full both of honie and gall Love is a thing full of thoughtsom fear Thou aboundest in love Thou wantest virtue Rich in white cattle Rich in grounds Void of guile Blessed with grace Go on or increas in virtue Vpright in life 1 Obs Som of these will have also an Ablative case with a Preposition as Void of anger V. Anie Adjective or Verb wil have an Ablative case 1. Of the Instrument as Stout at the sword Better at Oars JESUS vanquished the Devil not with arms but with death 2. Of the Caus as Pale with anger Wors for too much libertie 3. Of the Circumstance or manner of doing of the thing as An envious man groweth lean at the prosperitie of another By name a Grammarian but indeed a Barbarian A Trojane by birth a Syrian by nation Crooked old age wil com by and by with a stil pace 1. Obs But somtimes the Ablative case of the caus or manner of doing will have a Preposition as Vnprovided of monie Hee used the man with a great deal of courtesie VI. Adjectives and Verbs of buying and selling will have an Ablative case of the price as Cheap at twentie pounds Dear at a farthing Not to bee sold for pearls or purple or gold That victorie cost much blood and manie wounds Hee taught for wages Wheat is sold at a low rate To hire for a pennie To let for a shilling Hee live's at ten pounds rent 1. Obs Yet these words when they are without Substantives are put after Verbs in the Genitive case viz. Tanti quanti pluris minoris as I sell not for more then others but for less Things are so much worth as they may be sold for N. B. A Noun or Pronoun Substantive joined with a Participle expressed or understood and having no other word whereof it may bee governed shall bee put in the Ablative case absolute as The King coming the enemies ran away i e. When the King com's I beeing Captain And it may bee resolved by whilst when if c. VII Adjectives and Verbs Passives and Neuters that signifie som propertie or passion will have an Accusative case or Ablative signifying the part or place wherein the propertie or passion is as Hee is diseased in his feet Hee is sick in minde rather then in bodie Hee hath red hair Red-haired 1. Obs But the part affected is somtimes put in the Genitive case as O thou that hast an happie wit Thou troublest thy self in minde 2. Obs These bee Greek phrases Merrie as concerning other things Like in other things Like him both in speech and color Chap. 3. Of the government of Pronouns 2. Of Pronouns THese Genitive cases of the Primitives Meî tuî suî nostrî and vestrî bee used when suffering or passion is signified but Meus tuus suus noster and vester bee used when action or possession is signified as Part of thee Thy part The image of us Our image The love of himself His own love i. e. of mee 1. Obs Possessives are somtimes put for Primitives as Hee did it for my sake 2. Obs Nostrûm and vestrûm bee used after distributives Partitives Comparatives and Superlatives as Som of you The bigger of you The eldest of us 3. Obs Meus tuus suus noster vester will have certain genitive cases after them viz. Ipsius solius unius duorum trium c. omnium plurium paucorum and the genitives of participles which are referred to the Primitive understood in the Possessive as Thou shalt guess out of thine own minde Thou hast seen the eies of mee weeping II. Ipse and idem may bee joined to all persons I my self will see Thou thy self go on to do it Plato himself said Hee himself did it Idem governeth somtimes a Dative case as Hee that saveth a man against his will doth the same as hee that kil 's him But more commonly an Ablative case with a Preposition as The same with it III. Ille noteth the eminencie or worth of a thing and Iste the baseness or contempt of it as That brave Alexander the great That mean fellow Hic is for the most part referred to the later Antecedent and the nearer to its self ille to the former and the further from it as The husbandman's aim is contrarie to the shepard's hee look's for profit from his land and hee from his stock of cattle Chap. 4. Of the government of Verbs VErbs go vern a Nominative Case § X. Genitive § XI Dative § XII Accusative § XIII Ablative § XIV To which also belong the Rules Of such as have a divers construction § XV. Of the Infinitive mood of the Gerunds and Supines § XVI Of time space and place § XVII Of Verbs Impersonals § XVIII §. X. The Rule of Verbs governing a Nominative Case 3. Of Verbs with 1. A Nominative VErbs Substantives certain passives and Verbs of gesture will have a Nominative case after them as well as before them as God is the chiefest good Faith is accounted the foundation of our Religion An evil sheapherd sleepeth void of care Hee will becom a learned man 1. Obs
Chap. 40. 6. Of a Conjunction Chap. 41. 7. Of a Preposition Chap. 42. 8. Of an Interjection Chap. 43. III. Syntaxe which teacheth the due joyning words together Lib. III. by way of 1. Concordance Cha. 1. conteining the Rule of the first Concord § 1. second Concord § 2. third Concord § 3. Case of the Relative § 4. Question and Answer § 5. 2. Of Government 1. Of Nouns Chap. 2. with a Gen. Case 6. Dat. Case 7. Acc. Case 8. Abl. Case 9. 2. Of Pronouns Chap. 3. 3. Of Verbs Chap. 4. with a Nom. Case 10. Gen. Case 11. Dat. Case 12. Acc. Case 13. Abl. Case 14. To which also belong the Rules of Verbs having divers Constructions § 15. the Infinitive Mood § 16. the Gerunds § 17. Supines § 18. Time § 19. Space § 20. Place § 21. Impersonals § 22. 4. Of Participles Chap. 5. 5. Of Adverbs Chap. 6. with Cases § 1. Moods § 2. 6. Of Conjunctions Chap. 7. which Couple Words § 1. Govern Moods § 2. 7. Of Prepositions Chap. 8. 8. Of Interjections Chap. 9. To Etymologie belong Figures Of a Word Chap. 10. Of Construction Chap. 11. To Syntaxis belong Figures Of a Word Chap. 10. Of Construction Chap. 11. IIII. Prosodie which teacheth the right Pronuntiation of Words Lib. IIII. by observing their Spirits and Tones Chap. 1. Quantitie of Syllables First Middle Chap. 2 Last Chap. 3. To Grammar after a manner perteineth that which is said concerning the Order of Words which is 1. Grammatical Cap. 1.  2. Rhetorical Cap. 2.  3. Poëtical Cap. 3. touching which wee consider the sorts of Feet Cap. 4. Verses Cap. 5. Pro Puerorum in Studi is pio progressu Precatio quotidiana DOmine Pater Coeli ac Terrae effector qui liberaliter tribuis sapientiam omnibus eam à te cum fiducia petentibus Exorna quaesumus ingeniorum nostrorum bonitatem quam cum caeteris naturae viribus nobis insudisti lumire divinae gratiae tuae ut non modò quae ad cognoscendum te Salvatorem nostrum Dum num Jesum valeant intelligamus sed etiam totâ mente voluntate persequamur indies benignitate tuâ tum doctrinâ tum pietate proficiamus ut qui efficis omnia in omnibus in nobis resplendescere dona tua facias ad gloriam sempiternam Majesta is tuae Amen PAter noster qui es in coelis Sanctificetur Nomen tuum Adveniat regnum tuum Fiat Voluntas tua sicut in coelo sic in terra Panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis quotidie Et dimitte nobisdebita nostra sicut nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris Et nè nos inducas in tentationem Sed libera nos à malo Quia tuum est Regnum Potentia Gloria in secula seculotum Amen D r Saunderson 's Approbation of this GRAMMAR I Have perused this present work which the Autor to his great Commendation hath contrived with so much care and judgment that I cannot but very well approve of it as being the shortest orderliest and plainest for the ease both of Master and Scholar and with the least variation from the COMMON-GRAMMAR of any Book that I have seen published in this kinde Robert Saunderson Ità testor Edvardus Silvester Imprimatur Dec. 18. 1648. JO. LANâ—LEY THE LATINE GRAMMAR FITTED FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS Wherein the words of Lilie's GRAMMAR are as much as might bee reteined many errors thereof amended many needless things left out many necessaries that were wanting supplied and all things ordered in a Method more agreeable to Children's Capacitie By Charls Hoole M r of Arts of Lincoln-Collegde in Oxford somtimes Schoolmaster of Rotherham in York-shire and now Teacher of a Private Grammar-School in Gold-smith's Alley not far from Aldersgate and Cripple-gate LONDON And that nothing might bee wanting to the purpose the English Translation is set down on the contrarie page for the benefit of Yong-learners FRANC. PATRI Grammar is the Foundation of all Disciplines LONDON Printed by William Du-Gard and are to bee sold by John Clark jun. at the lower end of Cheap-side entring into Mercers Chapel An. Dom. 1651. To the Lovers and Professors of Grammar-learning More especially To his most honored good friends the Schoolmasters of his acquaintance either in Citie or Countrie Gentlemen I Have lately published som Helps towards Grounding little ones in the Latine-tongue and finding them by my own and other's Practice to becom succesful I more willingly go on to prosecute my begun design viz. to contrive at vacant times such necessarie Subsidiaries for everie Classis in a Grammar-School as may much facilitate The good though with som tedious old waie of Teaching by Grammar Autors and Exercises And becaus our greatest cumber hitherto hath been Grammar I have first begun with it and endevored to bring the Rules of that Art to the reach of Children's apprehensions that in daily reading writing and speaking Latine they may clearly see and at once understand the Reason of what they do What I have don herein I most humbly submit to your candid judgments and if in your Opinions I but seem to effect anie thing which may make our School-labor less troublesom I have what I desire and therefore rest Your truly devoted friend and humble servant From my School in Gold-smith's Alley March 26. 1651. Charls Hoole THE LATINE GRAMMAR Of Grammar and its Parts The Latine Grammar conteineth Rules of right speaking Latine It hath four Parts GRammar is the Art of Writing and Speaking aright With the Latines in Latine There bee four Parts of Grammar 1 Orthographie Lib. I. 2 Etymologie Lib. II. 3 Syntaxis Lib. III. 4 Prosodia Lib. IV. Grammar hath its name from letters which the Greeks call grammaâ—d and implie's as much as literature as if you should call it the Letter-Art or Skill in letters for this Art begin's with letters of which syllables are made and of syllables words and of words a speech which is either Prose or Vers Orthographie is spent about Letters Prosodia about Syllables Etymologie about Words and Syntaxis about a Speech The natural order therefore require's that Prosodia should bee ranked in the second place But wee following the method of the Common-Grammar becaus indeed the quantitie of Syllables cannot so well bee perceived before Words bee understood thought good to set Prosodia in the last place Lib. I. Of Orthographie 1. Orthographie treateth ORthographie is the first part of Grammar which teacheth with what letters anie word is to bee spelled as lectio not lexio Orthographie treateth Of Letters Chap. 1. Of Syllables Chap. 2. Of Right Vtterance Chap. 3. Of Points of Sentences Chap. 4. Chap. 1. Of Letters 2. of Letters which are Vowells and Consonants Smal and Great which stand for A Word Or A Number A Letter is the least part of a Word There bee 23 Latine letters A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T V X Y Z. Three
in Sentences 4 Of Point in Sentences which are 1. Comma 2. Colon 3. Semicolon 4. Period 5. Parenthesis 6. Interrogation 7. Exclamation Hyphen A Point or Paus is a note of distinction signifying the space of breathing or how long one may staie his breath There bee eight of these especially to bee noted 1. A comma is an half circle which staieth a sentence a little by distinguishing its shorter parts as Grammaticus rhetor geometres pictor aliptes Graeculus esuriens in coelum jusseris ibit 2. A Colon is two pricks which suspend a sentence somwhat long by dividing it in the midst as Vtendum est aetate cito pede praeterit aetas 3. A Semicolon is a prick with a Comma under it staying a sentence longer then a Comma and not so long as a Colon as Tu quid divitiae possint consideras quid virtus non item 4. A Period is a full prick after a perfect sentence as Deum time Regem honora 5. A Parenthesis is two half Moons including a sentence which though it bee taken away the speech nevertheless will bee whole as Princeps quia bella minantur Hostes militibus urbes praemunit armis 6. An Interrogation mark 's a question with two pricks whereof the higher hath a tail upward as Quomodo vales 7. An Exclamation is marked with two pricks whereof the upper is a line coming down upon a point as O tempora O mores 8. Hyphen is a little stroke interposed in a word divided at the end of a line as Humanissime or in words that are united but not compounded as Res-publica a Common-wealth LIB II. Of Etymologie Etymologie treateth ETYMOLOGIE is the second part of Grammar which teacheth how to know the difference of words duly considering the properties or things belonging to everie one of them Now a word is a part or piece of a Speech which it self doth signifie somthing but cannot bee divided into parts that signifie as Pietas Godliness Chap. 1. Of the eight Parts of Speech and their general Accidents Of the eight Parts of Speech which are Declined or Undeclined To which belong Two Numbers Singular and Plural Three Persons The First The Second The Third THere bee eight sorts of Words 1. A Noun Chap. 2. 2. A Pronoun Chap. 23. 3. A Verb. Chap. 24. 4. A Participle Chap. 39. 5. An Adverb Chap. 40. 6. A Conjunction Chap. 41. 7. A Preposition Chap. 42. 8. An Interjection Chap. 43. And these bee commonly called Parts of Speech becaus of them everie speech is made The four first of these are Declined which change 's their endings later Vndeclined w ch change 's not their endings There belong to everie Part of Speech 1. Species or Kinde according to which a word is Primitive which is not derived of anie other word as Arbor Amo. Derivative which is derived from another word as Arbustum Amicus 2. Figure or Form Simple or single as Amicus Amo. Compound or mixt as Inimicus Redamo There belong to words Declined 1. Analogie when a word agree's with a Common Rule as Musa Amo. 2. Anomalie when a word swerv's from the Common Rule as Filia Fero. 3. Two Numbers whereof The Singular speaketh but of one as Lapis a Stone The Plural of more then one as Lapides Stones 4. Three Persons The first speaketh of himself as Ego nugans puer ludo I trifling boie do plaie The second is spoken to as Tu nugans puer ludis Thou trifling boie plaiest The third is spoken of as Ille nugans puer ludit Hee trifling boie plaieth Ego and Nos bee alwaies of the First Person Tu and vos and everie Vocative case of the Second All other Nouns Pronouns and Participles bee of the Third unless these bee exprest or understood Chap. 2. Of a Noun and its proper Accidents A Noun nameth a thing and is Substantive Or Adjective Proper Or Common It hath A Noun is a Part of Speech which nameth a thing without anie difference of Time or Person as Manus a Hand Domus a Hous And it is either Substantive which may stand by it self in a Speech and requireth nothing to bee added to declare its signification as Homo a Man Adjective which stand's in need of a Substantive to declare its signification as Bonus good A substantive sheweth what a thing is as Equus a hors An Adjective sheweth what alike the thing is as Albus White Both which are Proper which is spoken of som one thing onely as Carolus Charls Londinum London Thamisis Thames Anglus English Scotus Scotch Common which signifieth a thing common to manie as Homo a Man Vrbs a Citie Fliâ—vius a River Regio a Countrie Magnus Great There belong to a Noun Pronoun and a Participle Case Chap. 3. Gender Chap. 4. Declension Chap. 11. Comparison Chap. 17. Chap. 3. Of Case Six Cases The Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Ablative A Case is the special ending of a Noun Pronoun or Participle There bee Six cases in both numbers 1. The Nominative case is the first word whereby wee name anie thing and it goeth before the Verb and answereth to the question Who or What as Magister docet The Master teacheth 2. The Genitive case signifie's whose a thing is and answereth to this question Whose or Whereof as Doctrina Magistri The learning of the Master or The Master's learning 3. The Dative attribute's or give 's somthing to one and answereth to the question to whom or to what as Do librum Magistro I give a book to the Master 4. The Accusative case follow 's the Verb and signifie's whereunto the action of the Verb referreth and answereth to the question Whom or What as Amo Magistrum I love the Master 5. The Vocative case is used in calling or speaking to as O Magister O Master 6. The Ablative case is commonly joined with a Preposition that serveth thereunto and answereth to the question from whom or from what and the like as Accepi librum à Magistro I received a book from the Master The Nominative case is somtimes called the right or streight case and the rest oblique or thwart cases becaus their endings swerv from the Nominative Chap. 4. Of Gender even genders Masculine Feminine Neuter Common of two Common of three Doubtful Epicoeoe GEnder is the differencing of Sex in respect of Speech For it make's a difference betwixt Nouns that are used as Hees or Shee s thereby to know the agreement of the Substantive or Adjective Genders of Nouns bee seven whereof the three first may not unfitly bee termed Simple and the four last Compound Genders They are known by their Articles or notes which are borrowed of the Pronoun and bee thus declined Singulariter  Masc Foem Neut Pluraliter Masc Foem Neut Nom. Hic Haec Hoc Hi Hae Haec Gen. Hujus Hujus Hujus Horum Harum Horum Dat. Huic Huic Huiâ—c His His His Acc. Hunc Hanc Hoc Hos Has Haet Voc.   Â
AeneÌ„ia nutrix But the quantitie of Greek syllables is better to bee found from the Greeks 6. In forrain words the quantitie is doubtful as Michaël Abraham III. Everie Diphthong is long as AuÌ„rum Musae And syllables that are Contracted as CoÌ„go nil But prae before a vowel is often made short as Ver praÌ„it aesatem and but seldom long as Domino praÄ“iret Arion ae in Maeotis is doubtful IV. Derivatives have the same quantitie that their Primitives have as ămator of ämo. Yet there bee excepted 1. Som which are long and are derived from them that bee short viz. Vox voÌ„cis of VÅco Lex leÌ„gis LÄ•go Rex reÌ„gis RÄ•go SeÌ„des SÄ•deo Junior JÅvenis HuÌ„manus HÅmo JuÌ„cundus JÅvo VoÌ„mer VÅmo LaÌ„terna Lăteo TeÌ„gula TÄ•go MaÌ„cero Măcer PeÌ„nuria PÄ•nus 2. Som that are short and are derived of them that are long viz. Dux dÅcis of DuÌ„co DÄcax DiÌ„co FÄdes FiÌ„o. ărena ărista aÌ„reo. PÅsui PoÌ„no GÄ•nui GiÌ„gno Frăgor of FraÌ„ngo Frăgilis NÅto tas NoÌ„tu Năto tas NaÌ„tu DÄsertus DiÌ„ssero SÅpor SoÌ„pio And som others of both sorts V. Compound words have the quantitie of the Simple as PÅtens impÅtens SoÌ„lor consoÌ„lor 1. Except InnÅba of NuÌ„bo CognÄtum of NoÌ„tum PronÅba AgnÄtum DejÄ•ro of juÌ„ro RestÄturus of StaÌ„turus PejÄ•ro PerstÄturns 2. Also the Compounds of DiÌ„co that end in dÄcus as MaledÄcus 3. AmbÄtus the Noun hath i short AmbiÌ„tus the Participle hath i long 4. Idem in the Masculine gender hath i long in the Neuter i short 5. In words that are Compounded 1. With Verbs the former part ending in e is short as Valedico 2. With Particles bi tri tre du the same are short as BÄceps trÄceps trÄ•centi dÅcenti 3. With Nouns the former part ending in i y u is short as TardÄgradus Polydorus cornÅpeta Except quivis and som others 6. These words make long the last syllable of their simples which is common viz. ubîque ubiÌ„libet ibiÌ„dem quandoÌ„que quandoÌ„cunque but do in quandÅquidem is short VI. Of the Prepositions 1. A de è se prae and those that end in a are long except a vowel follow as Vnda dÄ•hiscens 2. Pro the Latine syllable is long except in these words PrÅcella prÅfugus prÅtervus prÅnepos proneptis prÅfanus prÅfiteor prÅfundus prÅficiscor prÅfari prÅparo prÅfugio prÅfectò prÅpello prÅpulso But 1. Propago gas and have pro doubtful Propago gÄnis 2. Pro the Greek syllable is short as PrÅpheta prÅlogus PrÅmetheus c. but in propino it is doubtful 3. Di is long except in DÄrimo and dÄsertus 4. The rest of the Prepositions bee short if position do not hinder for re in resert it is good cometh of res and is therefore long VII There bee two Rules 1. Of Preterperfect tenses and Supines of two syllables 2. Of Preterperfect tenses that double the first syllable 1. Every preterperfect tens supine of two syllabls hath the first syllable long as LeÌ„gi eÌ„mi moÌ„tum laÌ„tum Except 1. Six preterperfect tenses FÄdi bÄbi dÄ•di scÄdi tÅli stÄ•ti 2. Nine supines Dătum sătum cÄtum of cieo Ätum lÄtum quÄtum sÄtum rătum rÅtum 2. Preterperfect tenses that double the first syllable of their Present tens have their first syllable short as PeÌ„pendi mÅmordi spÅspondi VIII The quantitie of such syllables as com not under the rules aforegoing is to bee known by the Example and Autoritie of Poëts and this is the most certain and most general waie 1. Becaus everie rule resteth upon the autoritie of the Antient. 2. Becaus the quantitie of manie syllables is not known but by examples 1. These words have their first syllable common viz. Britannus Bithynus Cacus Cofyra Crathys Creticus Curetes Fidene Gradivus Hinulus Hymen Italus liquor liquidus Lycas Orion Pachinus palatium Pelion Pyrene rudâ— Sychaeus c. 2. And these their middle Batavus connubium ficedula malea Pharsalia Sidonius c. IX Middle syllables are partly known the same waie that the first and partly 1. by the increas of the Genitive case and 2. the Analogie of the Conjugation 1. The increas of the Genitive case is when a Noun hath more syllables in the Genitive case singular then it had in the Nominative and according to it the last syllable save one of Nouns increasing 1. Sharp is long 2. Flat is short 2. The Analogie of Conjugation is when Verbs follow their common Rule of Conjugating and according to this a the character or note of the First Conjugation is long e Second long e Third short i Fourth long But in Do and its Compounds when they are of this Conjugation a is short as in dămus circumdămus dăbis circundăbis dăre circundăre The Syllables rimus and ritis in the Preterperfect tens of the Subjunctive mood are short as AmaverÄmus amaverÄtis but long in the Future tens as AmaveriÌ„mus amaveriÌ„tis Latine Adjectives in inus make i long as ClandestiÌ„nus mediastiÌ„nus Except these following DiutÄnus crastÄnus pristÄnus perendÄnus hornotÄnus serotÄnus OleagÄnus fagÄnus cedrÄnus carbasÄnus and others that signifie matter or that are made of the mines of metals and end in inus as ChrystallÄnus myrrhÄnus c. which are derived of Greek Nouns Chap. 3. Of the quantitie of the last syllables And last Syllables THe last Syllables are reckoned according to the order of the letters with which words do end thus Words that end in A are long as AmaÌ„ contraÌ„ ergaÌ„  Except  1. Pută ită quiă ejă  2. Likewise all cases in a besides Vocatives in a of Greek Nouns in as as ô AeneaÌ„ and the Ablative case of the first Declension as Musâ  3. Numerals in ginta which have a common as Triginta quadraginta B are short as ăb  Except  1. Hebrew words as JacoÌ„b C are long as aÌ„c siÌ„c and hiÌ„c the Adverb  Except  1. Lăc nÄ•c donÄ•c which are short  2. Fac and the Pronoun hic are common as also its Neuter Gender hoc so that it bee not of the Ablative case D are short as ăd  1. Except Hebrew words as DaviÌ„d E are short as MarÄ• penÄ• legÄ• scribÄ•  Except  1. Nouns of the Fift Declension in e as FideÌ„ dieÌ„ reÌ„ with the Adverbs that com of them as HodieÌ„ quareÌ„  2. Fame now of the Third Declension heretofore of the Fifth  3. The second person singular of the Imperative mood of the Active voice of the second Conjugation as DoceÌ„ moveÌ„ maneÌ„  But e in Cave vide salve and vale is somtimes short  4. Monosyllables in e as MeÌ„ teÌ„ ceÌ„ except quÄ• nÄ• vÄ• the Inclinative Conjunctions  5. Adverbs in e derived of Adjectives as DocteÌ„ valdeÌ„ and fermeÌ„ fereÌ„ yet benÄ• and malÄ• are short  6. Words that in Greek are writ with an Eta or e long as AnchiseÌ„ ceteÌ„ tempeÌ„ I are long as Domini amaviÌ„  Except  1. Mihi
papáver veris poppie siser seris a parsnip siler leris an oster 4. Aequor oris the sea marmor oris a marble and ador doris wheat are neuters 5. And so is pecus cattle when it make's pecoris III. THese nouns are of the Doubtful gender cardo dinis the hinge of a door margo ginis a margent cinis neris ashes obex bicis a bolt pulvis veris dust adeps dipis fat forceps cipis a pair of tongs pumex micis a pumice-stone ramex micis burstness anas natis a duck imbrex bricis a gutter-tile culex licis a gnat natrix tricis a water-snake onyx nycis the nail of one's hand with its compounds and silex licis a flint though these bee rather used as masculines IV. THese nouns bee of the Common-two-gender vigil gilis a watchman pugil gilis a champion exsul sulis a banished man praesul sulis a superintendent Homo minis a man nemo want's the genitive case and in the dative make's nemini no bodie martyr tyris a martyr Ligur guris one of Liguria augur guris a foothsaier Arcas cadis an Arcadian Antistes stitis a President miles litis a souldier pedes ditis a footman interpres pretis an interpreter comes mitis a companion hospes spitis an host or ghest ales litis a bird of wing Praeses sidis a President Princeps cipis a Prince auceps cupis a fowler eques quitis an horsman obses sidis an hostage 2. And manie other nouns derived of verbs as conjux jugis an husband or a wife judex dicis a judg vindex dicis a revenger opifex ficis a workman and aruspex spicis a foothsaier Chap. 10. Of the genders of Adjectives General Rules of Adjectives 1. Of one termination 2. Of two terminations 3. Of three terminations 1. Exception of Adjectives like Substantives 2. Of Adjectives that are declined by is and er I. ADjectives of one termination are of all three genders as hic haec hoc felix licis happie hic haec hoc audax dacis bold II. Adjectives if they have two terminations the first is of the Common-of-two-gender the second is of the Neuter as hic haec omnis hoc omne all III. But if Adjectives do varie three terminations as Sacer sacra sacrum holie the first termination is Masculine the second is Feminine and the third is Neuter But som are by declining almost Substantives yet by nature and use rather Adjectives such are Pauper peris poor puber beris of ripe age degener generis one that goe's out of kinde uber beris plentiful dives vitis rich locuples plétis wealthie sospes spitis safe comes mitis a companion superstes stitis a surviver and som others which due reading will teach 2. These Nouns have a certain manner of declinig proper to themselvs Campester of the plain field volucer swift in flight celeber famous celer swift saluber wholsom To which add Pedester of a footman equester of an horsman acer sharp paluster of a fen alacer cheerful sylvester of a wood And these you shall decline thus Hic celer haec celeris hoc celere swift or Hic haec celeris hoc celere swift c. Chap. 11. Of the first Declension There bee five Declensions Nouns of the first bee declined like musa DEclension is the variation of a word by Cases There bee five declensions of nouns A Noun is known of what Declension it is by the ending of the Genitive case singular for the Genitive case of the 1 st 2 d 3 d 4 th 5 th end 's in ae i is ûs eï The Genitive case is formed of the Nominative which is the first word by changing the termination and other cases are formed of the Genitive The Vocative in the singular number is for the most part like the Nominative and in the plural alwaies Nouns of the neuter gender have the nominative the accusative and vocative cases alike in both numbers which three cases end in a in the plurà l The Dative and Ablative plural are alwaies alike The Genitive plural in manie words admit's a Syncope i. e. the loss of a middle letter or syllable The first Declension is of Latine nouns for the most part Feminines not encreasing ending in a which are declined like Musa a song The terminations of the first Declension are Singularly in the Nominative case a The example or type thereof is Musa Genitive ae Musae Dative ae Musae Accusative am Musam Vocative a Musa Ablative â Musâ Plurally in the Nominative case ae Musae Genitive arum Musarum Dative is Musis Accusaive as Musas Vocative ae Musae Ablative is Musis As is found in tht Genitive case singular in imitation of the Greeks as Pater-familias the good man of the hous The antients dissolved ae into āi as aulāi for aulae Filia nata dea equa with som few others make their Dative and Ablative plural in abus to distinguish them from their Masculines Filius natus Deus equus which follow the form of the second Declension This Declension is also of Greek Nouns viz. Masculines in as and es and Feminines in a and e. Nouns in as and as make their Accusative in am and an as Nom Gen Dat. Acc. Voc. Ablat Aeneas Aeneae Aeneae Aeneam an Aenea Aeneâ Maia Maiae Maiae Maiam an Maia Maiâ Greek words in the plural number are declined like Latine Es make 's in the Accusatixe case en in the Vocative and Ablative e or a. Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Voc. or Ablat Anchises Anchisae Anchisae Anchisen Anchise vel Anchisa E make 's the Genitive in es the Dative in e the Accusative in en the Vocative and Ablative in e as Nom Gen. Dat. Acc. Voc. Abl. Penelope Penelopes Penelope Penelopen Penelope Som add hereunto Hebrew words in am as Adam Adae which are better reduced to the second Declension by putting to us as Adamus Adami Adam Chap. 12. Of the second Declension Of the Second like Magister Dominus or Regnum THe second Declension is for the most part of Masculines in er as Magister a Master Or of Neuters in um as Regnum a Kingdom us Dominus a Lord. The terminations of this Declension are Singularly Nom. r us um The Examples or Types of it are Magister Dominus Regnum Gen. i. Magistri Domini Regni Dat. o. Magistro Domino Regno Acc. um Magistrum Dominum Regnum Voc. r e um Magister Domine Regnum Abl. o. Magistro Domino Regno Plurally Nom. i a. Magistri Domini Regna Gen. orum Magistrorum Dominorum Regnorum Dat. is Magistris Dominis Regnis Acc. os a. Magistros Dominos Regna Voc. i a. Magistri Domini Regna Abl. is Magistris Dominis Regnis When the Nominative endeth in us the vocative endeth in e but Deus God maketh ô Deus and Filius a son maketh ô fili Proper names of Men in ius make their Vocative in i as Nom. Georgius George voc Georgi Agnus a
lamb lucus a grove chorus a quire fluvius a river do make their Vocative case in e and in us Wee read in the plural number Dii Deorum Diis Deos Dii Diis gods Dei Deûm Greek nouns of this Declension have three terminations eus of the Masculine os of the Masculine and Feminine and on of the neuter gender Eus make's the genitive case ' n erÌ„ or eo the dative in eiÌ„ the Accusative in ëa the Vocative in eu the Ablative in eo Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Voc. Abl. Orphena pheï pheos Orpheï Orphea pheu pheo Ös make 's the Accusative case in on as Nom. Delos Gen. Deli Dat. Delo Acc. Delon Voc. Dele Ablat Delo But Attick nouns in os make the Genitive in o as Androgeos Androgeo c. And nouns contracted in us make their Vocative in u as Oedipus Oedipu On is declined like other Neuters as Nom. Ilion Gen. Ilii Dat. Ilio Acc. Ilion Voc. Ilion Abl. Ilio Chap. 13. Of the third Declension Of the Third like Lapis or Caput What nouns make the Acc. in im Ext im The Abl. in i. Nom-plural in ia Es eis Gen. in ium Unm Orum ium Abl. in ù bus THe third Declension is very divers for it contein's all Genders and at the least eleven terminations in the Nominative case singular in a c e i l n o r s t x. The terminations of this Declension are Singularly Nom. divers The Examples or Types of it are Lapis Caput Gen. is Lapidis Capitis Dat. i Lapidi Capiti Acc. em Lapidem Caput Voc. divers Lapis Caput Abl. e Lapide Capite Plurally Nom. es Lapides Capita Gen. um Lapidum Capitum Dat. ibus Lapidibus Capitibus Acc. es Lapides Capita Voc. es Lapides Capita Abl. ibus Lapidibus Capitibus The Accusative cases of som words are declined onely in im as vis strength ravis hoarsness sitis thirst tussis a cough maguderis the stalk of the herh Benjamin Charybdis a gulf and amussis a Carpenter's line to which wee may add the names of Rivers as Araris the Soan in France Tybris Cybris by Rome Som make their Accusative in em and im indifferently as Pelvis a basin turris a tower buris a plow-stilt puppis a poop of a ship torquis a chain to wear about one's neck securis an ax restis a rope febris an Agne clavis a keie bipennis a twibil aqualis a water-pot navis a ship Their Ablative end 's in i onely whose Accusative end 's onely in im as tussim Abl. tussi Names of Months in is and er do make their Ablative in i onely as September Abl bri Aprilis Abl. li. Neuters ending in al ar and e for the most part make their Ablative in i as Vectigal Abl. li toll For Rete in the Ablative is of Retis Calcar Abl. ri a spur Rete Abl. ti a net Yet these Nouns in ar and e keep e in their Ablative case as Far bread-corn hepar the liber jubar the sun-beam nectar sweet wine gausape a frize praesepe a stall Soracte a hill in Italie Praeneste the citie Palestrina Reate the citie Reati in Italie Adjectives having the Nominative common in is or er and the Neuter in e make their Ablative in i onely as fortis ti strong Acer or Acris cri sharp Nouns which take on them the nature of Adjectives make their Ablative case for the most part in i as Sodalis li. Except Proper names as Clemens t is Clement Nouns whose Accusative cases end in em or im make their Ablative in e and i as Puppis Acc. pem vel pim Abl. pe vel pi Par also with its compounds make both e and i. Also nouns of the Comparative degree as melior better and the rest of the Adjectives except those above-mentioned in er or is But Pauper poor degener out of kinde uber plentiful sospes safe and hospes an host make their Ablative in e onely Som Substantives as Ignis fire amnis a river anguis a snake supellex houshold-stuff vectis a door-bar unguis a nail or hoof Gentiles as Arpinâs one of Arpinum and Verbals in trix as Victrix a Conqueress make their Ablative in e and i. Neuters whose Ablative end 's in i or in e and i make their Nominative plural in ia as Fortis tia strong felix licia happie Except Comparatives as fortiora stronger but Plus make 's plura and pluria more Som Nouns make their Nominative and Accusative plural in es or eis the diphthong as Omnes or omneis all and eis is somtimes contracted into is as Sardis Of Ablatives in i onely or in e or i the Genitive case plural end 's in ium as utili utilium profitable puppi vel pe puppium Except Comparatives as meliorum And Supplicum of Supplex a suppliant Complicum Complex a partner Strigilum Strigil an hors-comb Artificum Artifex an artifice Veterum Vetus old Vigilum Vigil a watchman Memorum Memor mindeful Inopum Inops poor Pagilum Pugil a champion But plus make's plurium When the Nominative cases singular end with two Consonants the Genitive plural end in ium as Pars partium Except Hyemum of Hyems winter Principum Princeps a Prince Forcipum Forceps a pair of tongs Municipum Municeps a free-men Inopum Inops poor Coelibum Coelebs a single-man Clientum Cliens a Client Participum Particeps a Partner When like syllables are found in the Nominative and Genitive cases singular the Genitive case plural end 's in ium as Collis a hill make's Collium To which add Virium of Vis strength Salium Sal salt Ditium Dis rich Manium of Manes spirits Penatium Penates houshold-gods Litium Lis controversie Yet except Vatum of Vates a Poët Juvenum Juvenis a youth Canum Canis a dog Opum of Opes wealth Apum Apes a Bee Panum Panis bread As a pound make 's assium mas a male marium vas-vadis a suretie vadium nox night noctium nix snow nivium os a bone ossium faux a jaw faucium mus a mous murium caro flesh carnium cor a heart cordium Ales a bird make 's alituum and coelites the heavenlie inhabitants coeliâ—num by taking to them u. Boum of bos bovis an ox is an irregular word as also bobus and bubus for bovibus The names of Feasts which are onely plural make their Genitive case somtimes in orum as Agonalia liorum somtimes in ium as Floralia lium and somtimes both in orum and ium as Saturnalia liorum and lium Neuters singular in a make the Dative and Ablative plural in is or ibus as Problema t is vel matibus So also Quinquatria triis vel tribus Words derived from the Greek when they are declined after their own manner imitate these examples Sing Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Voc. Abl. Som of these make the Genitive plural in ων and ium Titan an in os ani ana an ane Arcas as
ados adi ada as ade Pâ—illis is idos idi ida i iae Genesis is is eos i im in i i Opus us untos unti unta u unte Tethys ys yos yt yn y y Dido o ûs o o o o Achilles es eos eï ea e e Chap. 14. Of the fourth Declension THe fourth Declension hath onely two terminations in the Nominative case singular us Masculine and Feminine as Manus u Neuter Cornu The terminations of this Declension are Singularly Nom. us u. The Examples or Types of it are Manus Cornu Gen. ûs u Manûs Cornu Dat. ui u. Manui Cornu Acc. um u. Manum Cornu Voc. us u. Manus Cornu Abl. u u. Manu Cornu Plurally Nom. us ua Manus Cornua Gen. uum Manuum Cornuum Dat. ibus Manibus Cornibus Acc. us ua Manus Cornua Voc. us ua Manus Cornua Abl. ibus Manibus Cornibus Antiently the Genitive singular ended in i and üis thence the Antients said fructi for fructûs and anüis for anûs The most holie name Jesus make's Jesum in the Accusative and in other cases Jesu The Dative case hath somtimes u as Fructu for fructui These words make their Dative and Ablative plural in ubus viz. Artus a joint arcus a bow tribus a stock acus a needle ficus a fig specus a hole quercus an oak lacus a lake partus young veru a spit genu a knee All other nouns make ibus Chap. 15. Of the fift Declension Of the Fift like Facies THe fift Delension hath one onely termination in es as Facies a face All nouns of this Declension are Feminines except Dies a daie and Meridies noon-daie Nom. es Facies The Genitive singular once ended in es ii and e the Dative somtimes in e. Gen. ei Faciei Dat. ei Faciei Acc. em Faciem Som nouns of the third Declension were declined after this as plebs plebei Voc. es Facies Abl. e Facie Nom. es Facies No nouns of this Declension have the Gen. Dat. and Ablative plural except Res a thing species a kinde facies a face acies an edg dies a daie meridies mid-date or noon Gen. erum Facierum Dat. ebus Faciebus Acc. es Facies Voc. es Facies Abl. ebus Faciebus Chap. 16. Of the declining of Adjectives Adjectives of three Terminations are declined like Bonus Of three Articles like Felix or Tristis ADjectives are declined with three Terminations or three Articles Adjectives of three Terminations are varied after the first and second Declension viz. The termination r like Magister us like Dominus a like Musa um like Regnum Their example or type is Singulariter Nom. Bonus Bona Bonum Gen. Boni Bonae Boni Dat. Bono Bonae Bono Acc. Bonum Bonam Bonum Voc. Bone Bona Bonum Abl. Bono Bona Bono Pluraliter Nom. Boni Bonae Bona Gen. Bonorum Bonarum Bonorum Dat. Bonis Bonis Bonis Acc. Bonos Bonas Bona Voc. Boni Bonae Bona Abl. Bonis Bonis Bonis Vnus one totus whole solus alone ullus unie alter another uter whether and their compounds make their Genitive in ïus and the Dative in i. So also doth alius alia aliud Gen. alius Dat. alii c. Ambo both duo two are irregular and make their neuter gender in o and bee thus declined Pluraliter Nom. Ambo Ambae Ambo Gen. Amborum Ambarum Amborum Dat. Ambobus Ambabus Ambobus Acc. Ambos Ambas Ambo Voc. Ambo Ambae Ambo Abl Ambobus Ambabus Ambobus Adjectives of one or two Terminations follow the rule of the third Declension and are declined with three Articles Their Examples or Types bee Singularly Nom. Hic haec hoc Felix Singularly Nom. Hic haec Tristis hoc Triste Gen. Hujus Felicis Gen. Hujus Tristis Dat. Huic Felici Dat. Huic Tristi Acc. Hunc hanc Felicem hoc Felix Acc. Hunc hanc Tristem hoc Triste Voc. Felix Voc. Tâ—ristis Triste Abl. Hoc hac hoc Felice vel Felici Abl. Tristi Plurally Nom. Hi hae Felices haec Felicia Plurally Nom. Hi hae Tristes baec Tristia Gen. Horum harum horum Felicium Gen. Horum harum horum Tristium Dat. His Felicibus Dat. His Tristibus Acc. Hos has Felices haec Felicia Acc. Hos has Tristes haec Tristia Voc. Felices Felicia Voc. Tristes Tristia Abl. His Felicibus Abl. Tristibus Nouns compounded of a Substantive and Adjective are declined in both as Res-publica Reipublicae Jus-jurandum juris-jurandi But such as are compounded of two Substantives are declined onely in the former as Pater-familiâs Patris-familiâs Chap. 17. Of Comparison There bee three degrees of Comparison The Positive The Comparative The Superlative But the comparison of som words is â—â—egular 〈◊〉 Defective Improper NOuns whose signification may encreas or bee diminished do form Comparison Comparison is the varying of a word by Degree There bee three Degrees of Comparison The Positive The Comparative The Superlative The Positive Degree is the first word signifying a thing Simply and without Excess as Tristis sad durus hard The Comparative somwhat exceed's the signification of his Positive by more as Tristior sadder or more sad durior harder or more hard The Superlative exceedeth far above the Positive by verie or most as Tristissimus verie sad durissimus most hard The Comparative is formed of the first case of the Positive that endeth in i by putting thereto or and us as of Tristi is made tristior and tristius of Duri durior and durius The Superlative ssimus as of Tristi is made tristissimus of Duri durissimus Positives in r make their Superlative by putting to rimus as Pulcer fair plucerrimus But dexter on the right hand dexterior more on the right hand dextimus most on the right hand and sinister on the left hand sinisterior more on the left hand sinistimus most on the left hand as the Antients formed them are excepted These six ending in lis do make the Superlative by changing lis into limus viz. Docilis docillimus docible agilis agillimus nimble gracilis gracillimus slender humilis humillimus humble similis simillimus like facilis facillimus easie Such as are derived of dico loquor volo facio are compared as of Positives in enâ— as Maledicus maledicentior maledicentissimus cursing magniloquus magniloquentior magniloquentissimus brag benevolus benevolentior benevo'entissimus kinde magnificus magnificentior magnificentissimus statelie If a Vowel com before us in the end the Comparative degree is made by magis and the Superlative by maximè as Pius godlie magis pius more godlie maximè pins most godly These also are excepted from the General Rule aforegoing Bonus good melior better eptimus the best Malus bad pejor wors pessimus the worst Magnus great major greater maximus the greatest Parvus little minor less minimus the least Multus much plus more plurimus the
most Vetus old veterior older veterrimus oldest Maturus ripe maturior riper maturimus maturissimus verie ripe Nequam naught nequior naughtier nequissimus the noughtiest And manie such like whose Positives are derived of Adverbs and Prepositions as Citer hitherly citerior citimus of citra on this side Exterus outerlie exterior extimus of extra without extremus Inferus netherlie inferior infimus of infra beneath Posterus afterlie posterior postremus of post after Superus overlie superior supremus of supra above summus To which are wont to bee added Vltra beyond ulterior further ultimus the furthest Propè near propior nearer proximus the next Pridem long afore prior former primus the first and Diu long diutior longer diutissimus verie long These words are seldom met withal in reading Autors and therefore seldom to bee used viz. Assiduior more dailie Strenuior more stout Egregiissimus verie excellent Mirificissimus verie wonderful Pientissimus vel piissimus verie godlie ipsisssmus the verie hee perpetuissimus most perpetual tuissimus most yours exiguissimus the least that may bee multissimus the most proximior nearer then the nearest Som want the Positive Ocyor swifter ocyssimus verie swift potior better able potissimus the best able deterior wors deterrimus the worst penitior innex penitissimus most innerlie Som want the Comparative Novus new novissimus the newest inclytus famous inclytissimus most famous invitus unwilling invitissimus most unwilling meritus deserved meritissimus most deserved sacer holie sacerrimus most holie falsus fals falsissimus verie fals fidus trustie fidissimus most trustie nuper nuperus late nuperrimus verie late diversus divers diversissimus verie divers Som want the Superlative as Opimus wealthie opimior more wealthie juvenis young junior younger senex old senior older declivis down-hill declivior more down-hill longinquus afar off longinquior further off salutáris wholesom salutarior more wholesom supinus careless supinior more careless adolescens youthful adolescentior more youthful ingens huge ingentior more huge satur full saturior fuller antè before anterior more before infinitus infinite infinitior more infinite taciturnus silent taciturnior more silent communis common communior more common Licentior more licentious is onely the Comparative Sometimes also Comparison is made of Substantives but abusively as Nero Neronior more cruel then Nero Poenus Poenior more persidious then a Carthaginian Quae Genus OR ROB. ROBINSON'S Rules of Nouns Heteroclits or Irregular Chap. 18. Of varying Heteroclits Heteroclits are 1 Variant NOuns which 1. varie or change their Gender or Declining 2. Those which want of anie new fashion 3. And those which have too much are Heteroclits These nouns change their gender and declining which are 1. Feminines in the singular number and neuters in the plural as 1. Pergamus mi the town Pergamus make's Pergama morum Supellex lectilis houshold-stuff make's supellectilia unless it want the plural 2. Neuters in the singular and masculines and neuters in the plural as Rastrum stri a rake make's rastri rastra strorum fraenum ni a bridle make's fraeni fraena norum filum li a thred make's fili fila lorum Capistrum stri an halter make's capistri stra strorum 3. Neuters in the singular and masculines onely in the plutal Argos gi the citie Argos make's Argi gorum coelum li heaven make's coeli lorum 4. Neuters in the singular and feminine in the plural as Nundinum ni a fair make's nundinae narum epulum li a banquet make's epulae larum balneum nei a bath make's balneae nearum though JUVENAL hath balnea in the plural number 5. Masculines in the singular and neuters in the plural as Maenalus li a hill in Arcadia make's Maenala lorum Dindymus mi the top of Ida make's Dindyma morum Ismarus ri a hill in Thrace make's Ismara rorum Tartarus ri Hell make's Tartara rorum Taygetus ti a hill in Lacedemonia make's Taygeta torum Taenarus ri a hill in Laconia make's Taenera rorum Massicus ci a hill in Italie make's Massica corum Gargarus ri a top of Ida make's Gargara rorum 6. Masculines singular and masculine and neuters in the plural Sibilus li an hissing make's sibili sibila lorum jocus ci a jest make's joci joca corum locus ci a place make's loci loca corum Avernus ni a lake in Campania make's Averni Averna norum Chap. 19. Of Heteroclits that want Case 2. Defective in Case 2. THose Heteroclits which follow are defective in Case or Number 1. Aptotes are such as varie no case as Fas right nîl nothing nihil nothing instar like such as end in u and i as cornu a horn genu a kâ—â—e gummi gum frugi thristie Likewise Tempe a pleasant field tot so manie quot how manie and all nouns of number from three to an hundred 2. A Monoptote is a noun of one onely case as Noctu by night natu by birth jussu by bidding injussu without bidding astu by craft promtu in readiness permissu by sufferance but wee read astus in the Accusative case plural and inficias a venial which vvord is onely found 3. Those are Diptotes vvhich have tvvo cases onely as Nom. fo rs Abl. forte hap Gen. spontis Abl. sponte of one's own accord Nom. plus Gen. pluris more Gen. repetundarum of briberie Abl. repetundis Gen. jugeris of an acre Abl. jugere Gen. verberis of a stroke Abl. verbere Nom. suppetiae ard Acc. suppetias Nom. tantundem so much Gen. tantidem Gen. impetis violence Abl. impete Acc. vicem a turn Abl. vice vvhereof verberis vicem plus and jugeris have all their cases in the plural number 4. Those are Triptotes vvhich have three cases onely as Gen. precis Acc. precem Abl. prece praier Gen. opis Acc. opem Abl. ope help vis force vvanteth no case except the Dative And these have all their cases in the plural number 5. Relatives as qui which Interrogatives as ecquis who Distributives as nullus none neuter neither and omnis all Indefinites as quilibet anie one alter another want the Vocative case and all Pronouns except Noster ours nostras on our side meus mine tu thou Chap. 20. Of Heteroclits that want Number Defective in the singular number And Plural 1. ALl Proper Names having a restreining nature do want the plural number as Mars t is Mars Cato tonis Cato Gallia liae France Roma mae Rome Ida dae an hill near Troie Tagus gi the river Taio in Spain Laelaps pis a dog's name Parnassus si a hill in Phocis Bucephalus li Alexander's hors Add to these the names of Corn as Triticum wheat Things sold by Weight as Lana wooll Of Herbs as salvia sage Of Liquors as Cervisia beer Of Metals as aurum gold wherein observ the opinion of Autors for somtimes they keep somtimes they reject the plural number 2. Hordeam dei barlie far ris bread-corn mel lis honie mulsum si wine
mingled with honie defrutum ti wine bosted to the half and thus thuris frankincens have onely the three like cases in the plural number 3. These Masculines want the plural number Hesperus ri the evening star vesper ris the evening pontus ti the sea limus mi mud fimus mi dung penus ni vel ûs victuals sanguis guinis blood aether ris the skie and nemo no bodie but nemo want's the Genitive and Vocative singular as well as the plural number 4. These Feminines have seldom the plural number Pubes bis ripeness of age salus lútis health talio ónis like for like indoles lis towardliness tussis sis the cough pix cis pitch humus mi the ground lues is the murrain sitis t is thirst fuga gae flight quies étis rest cholera rae choler fames mis hunger bilis lis choler senecta ctae old age juventus tútis youth But soboles lis an offspring labes bis a spot and all nouns of the fifth Declension will have three like cases in the plural number except res rei a thing species ciéi a kinde facies ciéi a face acies ciéi an edg and dies diëi a daie which words are whole in the plural number To these they are wont to add manie Feminines as Stultitia tiae foolishness invidia diae envie sapientia tiae wisdom desidia diae floth and a manie vvords of like sort vvhich reading afford's and these somtimes but very seldom have the plural number 5. These Neuters have not the plural number Delicium cii one's delight senium nii old age lethum thi death coenum ni dirt salum li the salt sea barathrum thri hell virus poison vitrum tri glass viscum sci bird-lime penum ni provision justitium tii vacation time nihilum li nothing ver veris the spring lac ctis milk gluten tinis giue halec lécis an herring gelu frost solium lii a throne jubar baris the sun-beam Here also you may put manie such like vvhich you shall meet vvith as you read 6 These masculines have onely the plural number Manes nium spirits majores rum Ancestors cancelli lorum a lattice liberi rorum children antes tium the first rank of vines menses sium women's flowers lemures rum hobgoblins fasti storum a Register-book minores rum posteritie natales lium one's stock penates tium houshold gods and names of places as Gabii biorum Locri erorum and vvhatsoëver the like you read any vvhere 7. These are of the Feminine gender and plural Number Exuviae arum an Adder's slough phalerae rarum hors-trappings Nom. grates Acc. grates thanks manubiae arum spoil Idus duum the Ides of months antiae arum fore-locks induciae arum truce insidiae arum lying in wait minae arum threatnings excubiae arum watch and ward Nonae arum the Nones of a month nugae garum trifles tricae carum gewgaws Calendae arum the first daie of the month quisquiliae arum sweepings thermae marum hot bathes cunae narum a tradle dirae rarum cursing exequiae arum rites at funerals inseriae arum sacrifices to the infernal spirits feriae arum holidaies primitiae arum the first fruits plagae arum hunter's nets valvae varum double or two-leav'd doors divitiae arum riches nuptiae arum a wedding lactes ctium the smal guts To these may bee added Thebae barum Thebes Athenae narum Athens in Greece of vvhich sort you may finde manie names of places 8. These Neuters have seldom the singular number Moenia ium iorum the walls of a Town tesqua squorum rough places praecordia orum the midriff lustra strorum dens of wilde-beasts arma morum weapons mapalia liorum cottages bellaria riorum juneates munia niorum an office castra orum tents justa storum Rites at funerals sponsalia liorum betrothing rostra strorum a pulpit crepundia orum a rattle cunabula lorum a cradle exta torum the entrafls of beasts effata torum a Soothsayer's mutterings To these may bee added the Heathenish Festival names as Bacchanalia liorum a Feast to Bacchus and if you shall read more you may put them under this Rule Chap. 21. Of redundant or abounding Heteroclits 3. Redundant 1. THese nouns as it vvere have too much following divers forms for they varie both their gender and termination viz. Tonitrus tonitru thunder clypeus pei clypeum pei a buckler baculus li baculum li bacillum li a staff sensus sùs a sens sensum si a conceit or meaning tignus ni tigmim ni a rafter tapétum ti tapéte t is tapes pétis tapestrie punctus cti punctum cti a point sinápi sinápis pis mustard sinus ni sinum ni a milk-vessel menda dae mendum di a fault viscus sci viscum sci bird-lime cornu cornum ni an horn and cornus nûs the wing of an Armie as Lucane saith eventus tûs eventum ti an hap and a thousand such vvhich reading vvill afford thee 2. Som Greek vvords do make a nevv Latine vvord in their Accusative case as Panther théris make's Panthéra rae a Panther crater téris make 's cratéra rae a goblet cassis sidis make's cassida dae an helmet aether theris make's aethera rae the skie 3. In these nouns the Nominative cafe is divers but the sens and gender are all one viz. Gibbus bi gibber bÄ•ris a bunth or swelling cucumis mis cucumer mÄ•ris a cucumber stipis pis stips pis wages cinis nÄ•ris ciner nÄ•ris ashes vomis mÄ•ris vomer mÄ•ris a plowshare scobis bis scobs bis saw-dust pulvis vÄ•ris pulver vÄ•ris dust pubes bis puber bÄ•ris ripeness of age Add hereunto nouns ending in or and os as Honor nôris honor nôris honor labor bóris labos bóris labor arbor bÅris arbos bÅris a tree odor dóris odos dóris savor Also apes pis apis pis a bee plebs bis plebis bis the common people There bee also manie nouns coming from the Greeks having this double manner as Delphin phinis Delphinus phini a Dolphin Elephas phantis Elephantus ti an Elephant Congrus gri Conger gri a Conger Eel Meleagrus gri Meleager gri Teucrus cri Teucer cri And hitherto you shall refer all such as these which your reading affordeth 2. These nouns are both of the second and fourth Declension viz. Laurus ri rûs a Baie tree quercus ci cûs an Oak pinus ni nûs a Pine tree ficus ci cûs a fig or a fig-tree colus li lûs a disstaff penus ni nûs provision cernus ni nûs a dog-tree lacus ci cûs a lake and domus mi mûs an hous or home Though these bee not thus found in everie case you shall read also more then these which you may well leav to old Autors When you
si as Vrgeo ursi to urge mulgeo mulsi mulxi to milk frigeo frixi to bee cold lugeo luxi to lament augeo auxi to encreas 4. Fleo fles to weep make's flevi leo les to besmear levi and its compound delco make's delevi to blot out pleo ples to fill make's plevi 5. Neo nes to spin nevi maneo to tarrie make's mansi 6. Torqueo to wrest torsi 7. And haereo to stick haesi 8. Veo is made vi as Ferveo fervi to bee hot but niveo to wink and its compound conniveo to close and open the eies make's nivi nixi cieo to trouble make's civi and vieo to binde vievi III. THe third Conjugation will form the Preterperfect tens as is plain here Bo is made bi as Lambo lambi to lick Except 1. Scribo scripsi to write nubo nupsi to bee married to a man and cumbo cubui to lie down Co is made ci as Vinco vici to overcom But 1. Parco make's peperci parsi to spare dico dixi to saie and duco duxi to lead Do is made di as mando mandi to eat but scindo to cut make's scidi findo fidi to cleav fundo sudi to powr out tundo tutudi to knock pendo pependi to weigh tendo tetendi to stretch pedo pepédi to fart cado cecÄdi to fall caedo cecidi to beat cedo cessi to give place vado to go away rado to shave laedo to hurt ludo to plaie divido to divide trudo to thrust claudo to shut plaudo to clap hands rodo to gnaw change alwaies do into si Go is made xi as jungo to join junxi but r before go make's si as spargo sparsi to sprinkle lego to read make's legi and ago to do egi tango tetigi to touch pungo to prick make's punxi pupugi frango fregi to break pango pepigi to make a bargain pango pegi to join pango panxi to sing Ho is made xi as Traho traxi to draw and veho vexi to carrie Lo is made ui as Colo colui to till but Psallo to sing and sallo to salt make salli vello to pluck up make's velli and vulsi falle to deceiv make's fefelli cello to break ceculi and pello to drive away pepuli Mo is made ui as Vomo vomui to vomit but emo make's eini to buie como compsi to comb promo prompsi to draw demo dempsi to take away sumÌ„o sumpsi to take premo pressi to press No is made vi as sino sivi to suffer Except Temno tempsi to despise sterno stravi to strew sperno sprevi to despise lino levi lini livi to dawb cerno crevi to discern Gigno make's genui to beget pono posui to put cano cecini to sing Po is made psi as scalpo scalpsi to scratch rumpo rupi to break strepo strepui to make a nois crepo crepui to track Quo is made qui as linquo liqui to leav Except coquo coxi to boil Ro is made vi as sero to plant or sow make's sevi which changing the signification rather maketh serui verro to brush verri versi uro ussi to burn gero gessi to act or beat quaero quaesivi to seek tero trivi to weat curro cucurri to run So will make sivi as accerso to go to call arcesso to go to call incesso to revile and lacesso sivi to provoke Except capesso to offer to take which make's capessi capessivi facesso to go about to do and viso to visit make's visi but pinso to bake will have pinsui Sco is made vi as pasco pavi to feed but posco will have poposci to require Disco didici to learn and quinisco quexi to nod with the head To is made ti as verto verti to turn Sisto stiti to make to stand but mitto make's misi to send peto will form petivi to ask sterto stertui to snort meto messui to mow Ecto is made exi as flecto flexi to bend but pecto to comb make's pexi and pexui and necto to knit nexi and nexui Vo is made vi as volvo volvi to roll over Except vivo vixi to live Nexo make's nexui to knit and texo texui to weav Cio is made ci as facio feci to make jacio jeci to cast but lacio to allure make's lexi and specio to behold spexi Dio is made di as fodio to dig make's fodi Gio is made gi as fugio fugi to avoid Pio is made pi as capio cepi to take Except cupio cupivi to desire and rapio rapui to snatch and sapio sapui or sapivi to bee wise Rio is made ri as pario peperi to bring forth Tio is made ssi as quatio quassi to shake which Preterperfect tens is seldom used Vo is made ui as statuo statui to appoint but pluo to rain make's pluvi and plui struo struxi to build fluo fluxi to flow IV. THe fourth Conjugation make's is in the present tens and ivi in the preterperfect tens as scio scis scivi to know Except venio veni to com cambio campsi to exchange raucio rausi to bee hoars farcio farsi to stuff sarcio sarsi to patch sepio sepsi to hedg sentio sensi to perceiv fulcio fulsi to underprop haurio hausi to draw sancio sanxi to establish vincio vinxi to binde saiiâ— salui to leap and amicio amicui to cloath Wee seldom use Cambivi haurivi amicivi c. Chap. 32. Of the Preterperfect tenses of Compound Verbs The Simpl and Compound verbs have the same Preterperfect tens Except 1. Words that double the first syllabl 2. Plico 3. Oleo 4. Pungo 5. Do Sto. 6. Verbs chaÌ„ging the first vowel into e. 6. Verbs change the first vowel into e. 7. Pasco 8. Verbs that change the first vowel into a. 9. Placeo 10. Pango 11. Maneo 12 Scalpo calco salto 13. Claudo quatio lavo 14. Verbs that change the first vowel of the Present tens into i but not of the Preter tens 15. Facio 16. Lego THe Simple and the Compound Verb have the same Preterperfect tens as Docui I have taught edocui I have fully taught but 1. The syllable which the Simple verb doubleth is not alwaies doubled in the Compound except in these three praecurro to run before excurro to run out and repungo to prick again and in the Compounds of Do to give disco to learn sto to stand and posco to require 2. Plico compounded with sub or a Noun will have plicavi as supplico to supplie multiplico to multiplie but applico to applie complico to fold up replico to replie will end in ui or avi 3. Though Oleo to smell make's olui yet its compounds make rather olevi but Redoleo to smel strong and suboleo to
luci by day vesperi at even as Wee must rise betime Wee must go to bed at even Wee must take pains by daie 4. An Accusative case of the Preposition they bee com of as Nearer the citie Next to Spain N. B. Plùs minùs ampliùs will have a Nominative a Genitive a Dative and an Ablative case as Above three hundred waggons Above 50 men Above half a mile More then that §. II. Of Adverbs which govern moods With a Mood UBi when post quam after that cùm when do govern an Indicative as When I shall sacrifice an heifer for my fruits com thou Or Subjunctive as When I sung of Kings and wars Apollo snatcht mee by the ear Donec until govern's an Indicative as Vntil hee bad to fold the sheep and count them Or Subjunctive as Vntil that water which thou hast put in bee boiled Donec as long as an Indicative as As long as I was safe Dum whilst or as long as govern's an Indicative as Whil'st the maid is making readie As long as thou doest what befitteth thee Dum so that or until doth govern a Subjunctive as So that I may profit thee Vntil the third Summer shall see him reigning in Italie Quoad as long as govern's an Indicative as As long as thou exspectest thy Chamber-fellow Or Subjunctive as As long as I could Quoad until doth govern a Subjunctive as I will keep all things safe till the Armie bee sent hither Simulac simulatque as soon as do govern an Indicative as As soon as hee was able to abide war Or a Subjunctive as As soon as his age waxed ripe Quemadmodum as ut as utcunque as sicut as do govern an Indicative as As thou salutest so shalt thou bee saluted again Or a Subjunctive as As thou shalt sow so shalt thou reap Vt after that doth govern an Indicative as After that they came into the citie Quasi as ceu as tanquam as Perinde acsi like as Haud secus acsi no otherwise then as do govern a Subjunctive as As though wee knew not our selvs among our selvs And these also couple like cases as I knew the man even as thy self Hee smileth on mee as on a friend Nè not an Adverb of Forbidding doth govern an Imperative as Bee not so wroth Or a Subjunctive as This is a great knave do not fear him Chap. 7. Of the Government of Conjunctions Of Conjunctions which do couple §. I. Of Conjunctions which do couple Words COnjunctions Copulatives disjunctives and these four quà m nisi praeterquam an do couple like cases and most commonly like moods and tenses as The night and love and wine do perswade no moderate thing Hee is younger then thou art Hee pleaseth no bodie but himself Peter and John did praie and preach in the Temple 1. Obs But oftentimes som particular reason of words require divers cases moods and tenses as I bought a book for an hundred asses and more I lived at Rome and at Venice I gave them thanks and will do so whil'st I live 2. Obs Cùm and tum and tum beeing doubled will couple like cases as Hee embraceth all learned men but especially Marcellus Hee hateth both learning and virtue §. I. Of Conjunctions which govern moods Govern Moods ETsi although tametsi although etiamsi although quanquam although in the beginning of a Speech govern an Indicative as Though no news was brought But in the middle of a Speech a Subjunctive as Thou blamestimee though thou hast don it thy self Quamvis although licèt although commonly do govern a Subjunctive as Though thou comest thy self Ni except nisi unless si if siquidem if so bee quòd that quia becaus quà m then postquam after posteaquam after that ubi for postquam nunquam never priusquam before that do govern An Indicative or as I am glad that thou Subjunctive art returned safe Si if doth govern an Indicative as If thou beest well it is well Or a Subjunctive as If thou shalt denie thou shalt bee whipt Si used for quamvis though a Subjunctive as No not though shee intreat Quando seeing that quandoquidem seeing that quoniam becaus do govern an Indicative as Saie on seeing that wee sit together on the soft grass Quippe becaus doth govern an Indicative as Becaus hee is sick Qüippe qui as hee that doth govern an Indicative or Subjunctive as As hee hath twise forsworn himself Qui when quippe is understood signifying a Caus a Subjunctive as Thou art a fool to believ this fellow i. e. becaus you believ Cùm for quamvis although quandoquidem seeing that quoniam becaus govern a Subjunctive as Seeing thou art fit Nè an num whether of Asking will have an Indicative as Whether is hee alive or no Of Doubting a Subjunctive as See whether hee bee returned Vt to the end that for nè non lest not for quanquam although and utpote becaus govern's a Subjunctive as To the end that hee might bee with you I am affraid hee cannot withstand it Though all things fall out as I would Becaus thou hast deceived mee so oft Vt for postquam after that quemadmodum even as sicut as or used in asking will have an Indicative as After that I went from the citie Go on to do as thou dost Like as is his madness How doth hee Chap. 8. Of the government of Prepositions 8. Of Prepositions I. THirtie Prepositions govern an Accusative case viz. 1. To the Church 2. At the market 3. Before death 4. Against two 5. Towards thee 6. On this side Thames 7. On this side the River 8. About the town 9. About the hill 10. About two thousand 11. Against the prick 12. Towards the people 13. Without the hous 14. Betwixt the cup and the lip 15. Within the hous 16. Below all men 17. By the well 18. For a reward 19. In his power 20. Through the plain fields 21. Behind the back 22. After death 23. Besides the cottage 24. For my Neighbor 25. According to Aristotle 26. By the water courses 27. Above his capacitie 28. Beyond the Alps. 29. Towards London 30. Beyond the Indians II. And twelv govern an Ablative case 1. From God 2. From an enemie 3. Of any bodie 4. Without monie 5. Before the master 6. With loss 7. Concerning trifles 8. Out of a well 9. From an high rock 10. Before all things 11. Without bread 12. For the poor III. Five govern an Accusative and an Ablative case 1. Privie to his father 2 Into the hous In the hous 3. A little before night In the night 4. Vpon a stone 5. Vnder the earth To which you may add tenùs up to as Vp to the privie parts Vp to the breast Vp to the ears 1. Obs A Preposition is often understood as I exspect to daie or at the furthest to morrow Hee appeared in the shape of a man 2. Obs And oftimes it is more then needs as Abstein from vices I will call my
friend to this matter 3. Obs A Preposition in composition doth somtimes govern the same case which it governed beeing without composition as I pass by thee unsaluted I leav my office 4. Obs These seem to bee singular expressions as To go out of the doors To prevent the windes in running Chap. 9. Of the government of Interjections 9. Interjections CErtain Interjections govern cases viz. 1. O of Exclamation a Nominative Accusative and vocative as O gladsom daie O happie husbandmen O prettie boie But of calling a Vocative only as Com hither ô Galatéa 2. Heus and ohe a Vocative as O Syrus Ho little book 3. Pro and proh ah and vah an Accusative and Vocative as O the faith of God and man O holy Jupiter Ah mee poor man Ah the inconstancie Alas unhappie maid Oh you villain 4. Heu a Nominative Dative and Accusative as Alas the godliness O the hated stock Alas for mee poor man 5. Hem and apage an Accusative as Fie upon craft See Davus for you Away with such complements 6. Hei and vae a Dative as Wo is mee Wo bee to thee 1. Obs Interjections are often put without a case as Alas I am affraid What madnes with a mischief 2. Obs And they are often understood as O mee poor wretch O the base prank I think you wonder Sirs Chap. 10. Of the Figures of a word OF Figures 1. Of a Word FIgure is a kinde of speaking on som new fashion or the altering of a word or speech from the usual manner of speaking and that also by autoritie of good writers Figure is of two sorts 1. Of a Word which belong's to Etymologie 2. Of Construction Syntaxis A Figure of a Word is that which anie waie changeth the form of a word and these bee its chief kindes 1 Prosthesis is the putting a letter or syllable to the beginning of a word as Gnatus for natus tetuli for tuli 2. Aphaeresis is the taking a letter or syllable from the beginning of a word as Ruit for Eruit temnere for contemnere 3. Epenthesis is the putting of a letter or syllable into the middle of a word as Relligio for religio Induperator for Imperator 4. Syncope is the taking a letter or syllable from the middle of a word as Abiît for abivit dîxti for dixisti 5. Paragoge is the putting of a letter or syllable to the end of a word as Dicier for dici emorier for emori 6. Apocope is the taking of a letter or syllable from the end of a word as Ingenî for ingenii 7. Diaeresis is the dividing of one syllable into two as Auläi for aulae evolüisse for evolvisse 8. Synaeresis is the contracting of two vowels into one syllable which belong to two divers syllables as Thesei for Thesei vêmens for vehemens 9. Metathesis is the mis-placing of a letter or syllable as pistris for pristis a long ship 10. Antithesis or Antistoechon is the putting of a letter for a letter as Olli for illi 11. Tmesis is the parting of a compound word betwixt the parts whereof another is put as Quae mihi cunque placent What things soever pleas mee 12. Enallage is the putting of the Parts of Speech or their Accidents one for another as The people beeing as King i. e. ruling all abroad Agnus trepidare for trepidabat The Lamb did tremble 13. Archaismus is an old fashion of speaking which is now out of use as Valdè tonit for tonuit It thundred exceedingly Tam nulli consilii So void of counsel Operam abuti To bestow his labor to a wrong end 14. Metaplasinus is anie change at all in a word as Agreste for agresti Chap 11. Of the Figures of Construction 2. Of Construction A Figure of construction is that which anie waie changeth the frame of a Speech Its kindes are 1. Apposition is the putting together of two or more Substantives in the same case as The river Rhine The citie Athens M T. C. And it is either to 1. Restrain generalitie as A living creature an hors 2. Take away Equivocation as The dog-star 3. To attribute a propertie to one as Erasmus a man of most exact judgment 2. Syilepsis is the comprehending of the more unworthie gender or person under the more worthie as I and my brother are white Mars and Venus both beeing naked lie tied fast together in the snares 3. Prolepsis is a brief expression of things as Two Eagles flew this from the East that from the West The people live som in want som in delights Bear yee one another's burdens Let both of us take an equal share 4. Zeugma is the bringing back of one Verb or Adjective to divers Supposites to one expresly and to the other by supplying it as John was a Fisher and Peter The husband and the wife is angrie 5. Synthesis is a Speech which agreeth in sens though not in words as Wee are both hurt A brood goos Two thousand slain 6. Antiptôsis is the putting one case for another as All kinde of elegancie Are yee autors of it 7. Synecdoche is when that which belong's to a part is spoken of the whole as A Blackmoor having white teeth Wounded in the forehead Flowers that have the names of Kings written on them 8. Elleipsis is the want of a word in a Speech as I thought presently with my self I remember that I saw 9. Pleonasmus is the abounding of a word in a Speech beyond anie necessitie of it as I saw it with these eies I slaughtered him with his own sword 10. Asyndeton is the want of Conjunctions in a Speech as It shall bee don will thou nill thou Eat drink plaie 11. Polysyndeten is an over-plus of Conjunctions in a Speech as Sleep and wine and good chear and whores and haths do weaken men's bodies and mindes 12. Anastrophe is when a Preposition is set before its case as The command is in thy power 13. Synchysis is a confused order of words as For 1 it is bad 2 for such as have 3 blear'd-eies and 4 raw 5 stomacks to 6 plaie at ball 7. 14. Hypallage is a placing of words contrariwise as To commit the South-windes to the ships 15. Hellenifmus is a going from the Latine use to imitate the Greeks as Do not fight against two The rest which belong rather to the handsoming then the making of a Speech are to bee sought for among the Rhetoricians LIB IV. OF PROSODIE IV. Prosodie treateth of PROSODIE is the fourth part of Grammar which teacheth the right pronuntiation of words A right pronuntiation is that which observeth in everie word the Spirit Tone and Time of the Syllables Prosodia therefore treateth 1. Of the Spirits Chap. 1. 2. Of the Tones or Accents 3. Of the Time or Quantitie of Syllables Chap. 2. 3.  Chap. 1. Of Spirits and Tones or Accents 1. Spirits 2. Tones 1. A Spirit is the manner of uttering a syllable with a breath And it is Sharp
with which a syllable is sharply uttered as Hamus homo Gentle or flat with which a syllable is gently pronounced as Amo omnis 2. A Tone or Accent is the manner of pronouncing a syllable by lifting it up or letting it down as Probitátem vituperáre There bee three sorts of Accents 1. An Acute which sharpneth or lifteth up a syllable and is marked with a thwart stroke ascending towards the right hand ' 2. A Grave which flattteth or letteth down a syllable and is marked with a thwart stroke descending towards the right hand ` 3. A Circumflect which uttereth a syllable with a longer staie lifting it up as the Acute and letting it down as the Grave Accent and it is marked with a figure made of an acute and grave There bee three Rules of Tones or Accents 1. A word of one syllable beeing short or long by Position hath an Acute Accent as Mél párs but if it bee long by Nature it is Circumflected as Spês flôs 2. In a word of two syllables if the first bee long by Nature and the later short the first is Circumflected as Lûna mûsa but otherwise it hath an Acute as Bónus Déus sólers 3. A word of manie syllables having the last syllable save one long when a long syllable followeth it hath an acute in the last syllable save one as Libértas but when a short syllable followeth it hath a Circumflect in the last syllable save one as Amâre Românus But if it have the last syllable save one short the syllable before the last save one will have an acute accent as Dóminus Póntifex The rest of the syllables in words of manie syllables have grave accents though not marked as Celebérrimus 1 Obs The Compounds of Facio have an acute in the last syllable save one as Benefácis malefácis 2 Obs The Compounds of Fis fit have an acute in the last syllable as Calefit benefit 3 Obs Grammarians do often confound a Circumflect with an acute becaus it is scarce differenced from it in pronuntiation There bee five things which alter the rules of the Accents I. Difference for which sake 1. Som words are Circumflected in the last syllable as the Ablative case of the first Declension Musâ whereby it may differ from the Nominative and Vocative Musa Thus ergô for caussâ differ's from ergò the Conjunction 2. Som have an acute accent in the last syllable as manie Adverbs to difference them from other parts of Speech viz. Vnà aliquà putà ponè c. which in the end of a sentence have an acute accent but in the beginning or middle thereof a grave accent 3. Som have an acute in the syllable before the last syllable save one as Déinde déorsum quinimo intereáloci nihilóminus quátenus c. when they are not several words as are Intérea loci nihilo minus púbe ténus c. N. B. An accent is now seldom marked except for difference sake for then it is noted not onely in the last syllable but also in the last syllable save one and in that which is before the last save one as óccido occido II. Transposition or mis-placing words For when Prepositions bee set after their cases they have a grave accent as Transtra pèr remos Te penès imperium III. Attraction when the last syllable of the word going before doth draw unto it the accent of the Inclinative Conjunction as Lumináque laurúsque Dei But when there is an apparent Composition the accent is not altered as itaque úndique hiccine IV. Concision when words are cut off by Syncope or Apocope for then they keep the accent of the whole word as Virgili for Virgilii Arpinâs for Arpinâtis So also hûc illûc for hûcce illûcce and the Compounds of dic duc fac as benedic reduc benefac V. The Idiome or the proprietie of the language For Greek words if they com whole to the Latines i. e. if they bee expressed with the very same letters they keep their own accent as Metamórphosis Orthographia But if they becom altogether Latine they keep the Latine accent as Geórgica Philosóphia Idólum N. B. If the proper accent of a strange word bee unknown it will bee most safe to pronounce it according to the Latine accent 2. Those syllables which are common are pronounced short in Prose i. e. where a mute and a liquid do follow a short vowel as Célebris Cáthedra otherwise they are pronounced long as Vnius illius ubique 3. An Interrogation doth alter the accent as Siccine aïs Parmenó Chap. 2. Of the Quantitie of the First and Middle Syllables 3. Time or quantitie Of the first Middle TIme or Quantitie is the measure of pronouncing a Syllable or the space of tuning a Vowel whereby wee measure how long it is in pronouncing According to time or quantie a syllable is said to bee Short which hath one time or which is quickly pronounced as pÄÅs whose time is thus marked ˘ Long which hath two times or which hath the space of two short times as AÅ«diÌ„re whose long time is thus marked ¯ According to the order w ch they have in words Syllables are nam'd First which have the first place in a word Middle middle Last last The quantitie of the first syllables is known eight manner of waies by I. Position II. A Vowel before a vowel III. A Diphthong IV. Derivation V. Composition VI. Preposition VII Rule VIII Example or Autoritie But the Middle Syllables have besides these a particular waie of beeing known which you maysee IX I. According to Position 1. A Vowel set before two Consonants or a double consonant in the same word is long as VeÌ„ntus aÌ„xis patriÌ„zo But the Compounds of jugum make i short as BÄjugus 2. And if a Consonant doth close the foregoing word and the word following beginneth with a consonant the vowel foregoing shall bee long as MajoÌ„r suÌ„m quaÌ„m cui poÌ„ssiÌ„t foÌ„rtuna nocere 3. A short vowel in the end of a word when the word following beginneth with two consonants somtimes but seldom is made long as OccultaÌ„ spolia plures de pace triumphos 4. A short vowel before a mute with a liquid following is common i. e. long or short as Et primo volÅcri similis mox vera voluÌ„cris But a long vowel is not changed as AraÌ„trum SimulaÌ„crum II. A Vowel before another in the same word is short as DÄ•us nÄhil But 1. Genitive cases in ius make the last syllable save one common as Vnius illius Except that i in alterÄus is alwaies short and in aliÌ„us alwaies long 2. In the fifth Declension e betwixt a double i is long as FacieÌ„i 3. Fi in Fio is everie where long but where e and r follow it both together as Omnia jam fient fÄeri quae posse negabas 4. Ohe hath the first syllable doubtful eÌ„heu alwaies long 5. A Vowel before another in Greek words is long as Dicite PiÌ„erides and in Possessives as
tibi sibi ubi ibi uti for ut and cui a word of two syllables which are common  2. NisÄ and quasÄ which are short as are also the Vocative cases of Greek Nouns whose Genitive singular endeth in os as PalladÄ DaphnÄ L are short as Animăl mÄ•l  Except  1. SaÌ„l and SoÌ„l  2. Hebrew words which are writ in Greek with a long vowel as MichaeÌ„l N are long as PaeaÌ„n HymeÌ„n noÌ„n  Except  1. Forsăn forsităn ăn tamÄ•n attamÄ•n veruntamÄ•n  2. Words cut off by an Apocope as Mén ' vidén '  3. In with its Compounds as ExÄn subÄn c.  4. Nouns ending in en whose Genitive case singular hath Änis short as GarmÄ•n pectÄ•n tibicÄ•n  5. Greek Nouns in on by little o as IliÅn PeliÅn CaucasÅn  6. Greek Nouns in in yn and an whose Nominative case is short as AlexÄn Ity̆n Maiăn O are common as Amo porrò docende  Except  1. Oblique cases in o which are alwaies made long as DominoÌ„ servoÌ„  2. Adverbs derived of Adjectives as TantoÌ„ falsoÌ„ c. But Sedulò crebrè and mutuò are common rather to bee made long  3. Monosyllables in o are long as doÌ„ stÅ and ergoÌ„ for caussâ  4. Ambo duo ego homo citò modò with its compounds are seldom read long  5. Greek words in o are long as Sappho unless they com of Nominative cases in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from which n is taken away as Leo Plato which for the most part are short R are short as Caesăr torcúlăr pÄ•r diciÄ•r  Except  1. FaÌ„r laÌ„r naÌ„r veÌ„r fuÌ„r cuÌ„r and paÌ„r with its compounds Cor is once read long in Ovid.  2. Greek words that end in er with e long as AeÌ„r crateÌ„r except patÄ•r matÄ•r S have termination answerable to the number of vowels as are long as AmaÌ„s musaÌ„s  Except  1. Greek nouns whose Genitive case singular endeth in dos as Archăs Pallăs  2. The Acusatives plural of Nouns encreasing as Heroăs Phillidäs es are long as AnchiseÌ„s sedeÌ„s doceÌ„s  Except  1. Nouns in es of the Third Declension that encreas short as MilÄ•s divÄ•s But of these CereÌ„s abieÌ„s arieÌ„s parieÌ„s and peÌ„s with its Compounds are long  2. Es of sum with its Compounds potÄ•s adÄ•s prodÄ•s obÄ•s and penÄ•s the Preposition are short  3 Neuters singular and Nominatives plural of Greek Nouns that end in es not eis as CacoéthÄ•s CyclopÄ•s is are short as ParÄs panÄs tristiÌ„s  Except  1. Oblique cases plural in is as MusiÌ„s dominiÌ„s and queÌ„iÌ„s for quibus  2. Words that make long the last syllable save one of the Genitive case increasing as SamniÌ„s nitis  3. Which are made in is of the Diphthong eis as OmniÌ„s SimoiÌ„s  4. All Monosyllables as Vis liÌ„s besides Äs bÄs and quÄs  5. VeliÌ„s with its Compounds maliÌ„s noliÌ„s and ausiÌ„s faxiÌ„s  6. The second persons singular of the Indicative mood present tens of the fourth Conjugation as AudiÌ„s dormiÌ„s  7. The second persons of the Future tens of the Subjunctive mood which are common as dederis amaveris os are long as HeroÌ„s honoÌ„s dominoÌ„s  Except  1. CompÅs impÅs and Ås ossis  2. Greek Nouns with little o as DelÅs PalladÅs us are short as FamulÅs tempÅs  Except  1. The Nominative cases of Nouns that increas long as VirtuÌ„s saluÌ„s  2. The Genitive cases singular the Nominatives the Vocatives and Accusatives plural of the fourth Declension as hujus manuÌ„s hae manuÌ„s has manuÌ„s ô manuÌ„s  3. Monosyllables in us as puÌ„s cruÌ„s  4. Words which are writ in Greek with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as PanthuÌ„s CliuÌ„s  And the name JesuÌ„s to bee reverenced of of all good men u are long as ManuÌ„ genuÌ„ y and ys are short as Moly̆ Tiphy̆s  The last syllable in everie Vers is common i. e it may bee either long or short A TABLE of the Heads of the Latine-Grammar Chap.   Pag.  OF Grammar and its Parts 2  LIB I. Of Orthographie 2 1 Of Letters 4 2 Of Syllables 10 3 Of Right Vtterance 12 4 Of Points in Sentences 14  LIB II. Of Etymologie 17 1 Of the eight Parts of Speech and their general Accidents 16 2 Of a Noun and its propér Accidents 20 3 Of Case 22 4 Of Gender 24 5 Of the general Rules of Proper Names 26 6 Of the general Rules of Common Names 28 7 Of the first Special Rule 30 8 Of the second Special Rule 34 9 Of the third Special Rule 38 10 Of the Genders of Adjectives 42 11 Of the first Declension 46 12 Of the second Declension 50 13 Of the third Declension 52 14 Of the fourth Declension 60 15 Of the fift Declension 62 16 Of the Declining of Adjectives 64 17 Of Comparison 68 18 Of varying Heteroclits 74 19 Of Heteroc that want Case 78 20 Of Heteroclits that want Number 80 21 Of Redundant Heteroclits 86 22 Of the Kindes of Nouns 90 23 Of a Pronoun 95 24 Of a Verb and its Accidents 106 27 Of the form of the first Conjugation 112 28 Of the form of the second Conjugation 116 29 Of the form of the third Conjugation 120 30 Of the form of the fourth Conjugation 124 31 Of the Preterperfect tenses of Verbs Simple 128 32 Of the Preterperfect tenses of Compound Verbs 136 33 Of the Supines of Simple Verbs 142 34 Of the Supines of Compound Verbs and of the Preterperfect tens of Verbs in or  35 Of certain Verbs Irregular 148 36 Of Verbs that want certain Moods and Tenses 154 37 Of forming the Verb Sum. 160 38 Of Verbs impersonals and Derivatives 162 39 Of a Participle 166 40 Of an Adverb 172 41 Of a Conjunction 178 42 Of a Preposition 182 43 Of an Interjection 184  LIB III. Of Syntax 188 1 Of Concordance 188 2 Of the Government of Nouns 200 3 Pronouns 214 4 Verbs 219 5 Participles 246 6 Adverbs 248 7 Conjunctions 252 8 Prepositions 256 9 Interjections 260 10 Of the Figures of a word 262 11 Of the Figures of Construction 264  LIB IV. Of Prosodie 270 1 Of Spirits Tones or Accents 270 2 Of the Quantitie of the first and middle Syllables 276 3 Of the Quantitie of the last Syllables 188  Appendix Grammatices 198 1 De Ordine Vocum GraÌ„matico 298 2 Oratorio 299 3 Poëtico 301 4 De Pede ejus generibus 302 5 De Versuum variis generibus 304 A PRAIER to bee used everie daie for Children's good proceeding at their BOOKS O Almighty Lord and merciful Father maker of Heaven and Earth which of thy free liberality givest wisedom abundantly to all that with faith and full assurance ask it of thee Beautifie by the light of thy heavenly grace the towardness of our wits the which with all powers of nature thou hast powred into us that wee may not onely vnderstand those things which may effectually bring us to the knowledg of thee and the Lord Iesus our Saviour but also with our whole heart and will constantly follow the same and receiv daslie encreas through thy bountiful goodness towards us as well in good life as learning so that thou which workest all things in all creatures maiest make thy gracious benefits shine in vs to the endless glorie and honour of thine immortal Maiestie Amen OUr Father which art in heaven Hallowed bee thy Name Thy Kingdom come Thy will bee done in Earth as it is in Heaven Give us this daie our dailie bread And forgive vs our trespasses as wee forgive them that trespass against us And lead vs not into temptation But deliver us from evil For thine is the Kingdom the Power and the Glorie for ever and ever Amen FINIS