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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
word_n	case_n	govern_v	verb_n	2,785	5	13.0027	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A41547	Tyrocinium linguæ latinæ, or, The Latine apprentice made free-man wherein are discussed the difficulties which do incumber those who have to translate the English particles, moods, and tenses, according to the Latine idiome, or to make the reduction of verbs, and participles, from actives to passives, from personals to impersonals, from finits to infinits, or contrariwise : to these are subjoyn'd the differences and proprieties of Latine particles, such as, suiis, sui, ipse, quidam, quispiam, &c. and an alphabetical catalogue of verbs, which under one signification will have diverse regiments and constructions : in the last place followeth (as an epiphonema) most usefull and methodical rules of composing / published for the instruction of youth, by Alex. Gordon ...	Gordon, Alexander, Sir, 1650-1726.	1664 (1664)	Wing G1276; ESTC R256	95,295	274

your Duty Videtur te esse immemorem tui officii But in these wayes of speaking videri must be made a personal and say Videris mihi immemor esse tui officii These English Impersonals are kept Impersonally in the latine to wit it Raineth Snoweth Haileth Thundreth Lightneth Pluit Ningit Grandinat Tonat Fulgurat yet according to the opinion of some that will have Deus or Natura to be the Nominatives to these Verbs they may be called personals CHAP. IX When and how you should reduce an Active to a Passive or contrarily THis Reduction is sometimes voluntary and without necessity safe only for variety but at other times it is so needfull that it cannot be omitted as may be seen in the ensuing discourse If your English Verb be of the passive voice and must be expressed in the Latine by a Neuter or Deponent then you must change it into an Active As the Grecians and the Romans are admired by all other Nations id est all other Nations do admire the Grecians and the Romans Mirantur Graecos Romanos aliae Nationes Cicero should be followed by all Orators id est all Orators ought to follow Cicero Ciceronem caeteri Oratores imitari debent Innocent men are favoured by good men id est good men do favour Innocent men Boni favent Innocuis The reason is because Neuter Verbs taken personally have no passive neither can we use Deponents in this Voice otherwise we could say Graeci Romani mirantur á caeteris nationibus Innocentes faventur à bonis Yet you may use the Future of the participle in dus of Deponent Verbs and that passively with the Dative in place of the Ablative As Cicero imitandus est Caeteris Oratoribus When the Action of an Active Verb doth fall upon some Animate or living thing then it is most commonly kept in its Voice As I accuse you of Pride Accuso te Arrogantiae But if it falleth upon an Inanimate thing then it is changed into the Passive Voice and this thing is put in the Ablative without a Preposition the which reduction is not so much for necessity's cause as variety Seeing it may in this case be kept Actively in makeing the Inanimate thing the Nominative and puting in the Accusative which was in the Nominative of your English As I am very angry at your Pride Here Pride is the Inanimate thing Offendor tuâ Superbiâ vel tua Superbia me offendit I am not moved at your threats Minis tuis non moveor vel minae tuae non me movent And as you see done with these two Active Verbs Offendo and Moveo so do in this case with others You must change the Active into the Passive so often as there is danger of makeing an Amphibologie or doubtsome speech As I think that Peter exceedeth Paul Petrum à Paulo superari Puto And if you would say by the Active Patrum superare Paulum puto It is uncertain whether it be Peter or Paul that doth exceed because the Latine construction can suffer any of these senses Peter doth exceed Paul or Paul exceedeth Peter which Pyrrhus King of the Epyrods knew to be true to his woful experience in the Response that he had from the Oracle Aio te Aeacida Romanos vincere posse I say Pyrrhus Son to Aeacus that you according to his explication can overcome the Romans When the true Interpretation was I say that the Romans can overcome you for so it did fall out into which mistake Pyrrhus had never fallen if the Devil had spoken to him by the Passive Voice and said Aio te vinici posse á Romanis But he desired not to be understood wherefore he made choice of this doubtsome way by using the Active Voice If you be to reduce an Active which governeth the thing in the Accusative and the person in the Dative to the Passive Voice As If you had this example Tabellarius mihi reddidit Epistolam the thing to wit Epistolam is put in the Nominative and that which was the Nominative to the Active Verb is put in the Ablative with á or ab and so you say á Tabellario mihi reddita fuit epistola And when you would reduce a Verb to the Passive Voice which had not the thing in the Accusative then the person is made the Nominative to it in the Passive Voice and the thing in the Case that it was in before As In this example Interdico tibi domo meâ I forbid you coming to my house you say Interdiceris á me domo mea here domo mea which is the thing is kept in the Ablative as it was before but the Person tibi is here made the Nominative To make this reduction of the Active to the Passive in these Verbs Celo Rogo Doceo which taken Actively govern two Accusatives one of the Person and another of the Thing you must make the Person the Nominative and the Thing is yet kept in the Accusative As Celasti me consilium tuum You kept up your Counsel from me you reduce it thus Celatus sum á te consilium tuum Praeceptor docet Scholasticos Rhetoricam The Master teacheth his Scholers Rethorick Scholastici docentur Rhetoricam á Praeceptore If an Active Verb follow after Jubeo praecipio mando and their Synonimes it is put by the Passive voice As The King did command to build a Church Rex Templum aedificari Jussit He commanded to levie Forces Copias conscribi jussit Yet you may use the Infinitive of the Active if there go an Accusative before it As The King commanded the Architector to build a Church Rex jussit Architectorem Templum aedificare or if there go any other case before it besides the Accusative As The King gave order to the Officers to levie new Troups Mandavit Rex Ducibus novas copias contrahere CHAP. X. What must be done when you joyn two Verbs of a Diverse Construction with one word IT is a very ordinary thing in our young Schollers to joyn with one word two or more Verbs which are of a diverse Regiment because it is usual in the English phrase Wherefore I have set a Chapter a part for preventing of this fault When you find in your English Verbs of diverse Regiments put with one word you may put them one of two wayes either by changing them into their Synonimes untill they both be of one nature and consequently of one Regiment or Government or by rendring to each Verb the Case that it requireth which is done by doubling the word Governed as for example A Flatterer praiseth and Flattereth every body if you would put it so Adulator laudat blanditur omnibus or blanditur Laudat omnes you would defraud one of these Verbs of its case but in applying any of the wayes above mentioned you will satisfie both of them First Then change Blanditur into a Synonime of the Active signification that it may have the same case that Laudat

hath which is Colo and then say Adulator colit Laudat omnes or you may change your Active If it be easier to be done then by altering the other into a Synonime of the same nature that the other Verb is of Secondly You may repeat the word Governed Omnes and put it after each Verb in their proper Cases As Adulator omnibus blanditur omnes laudat if you finde it not expedient to repeat the governed word then after the last Verb put is or ille in the case convenient and say Adulator omnibus blanditur eosque Laudat Remember to leave out the Conjunction if the governed word be repeated oftner then twice As Adulator omnes Laudat omnibus blanditur omnium captat benevolentiam by the figure Polyptoton or Metagoge Perhaps you may say that in satisfying one Verb explicitly you do not defraud the other since the Case that it governeth is understood As Adulator laudat omnes blanditur supp omnibus yet this is rather to be remarked then followed wheresoever you find it and most usually these wayes of speaking are put by one of the wayes above and use in matters of this kinde is equivalent to a positive Rule or Law CHAP. XI Concerning the marke of an Active Verb and the Regiment of Passive Verbs and Verbs of Receiving IT is hard if not impossible to make known perfectly by precepts which is known by practise so stands the Case now with me who is to give the mark of an Active Verb which by practise and long experience is certainly know For let a young Scholer consider the definition of the Active Verb left to him by the Grammarians and he will find it in appearance agree to a Neuter Verb for they say that an Active ends in o and signifieth to do some Action which by adding the letter r becometh a Passive but one that is little acquainted with an Active Verb may imagine all these marks to agree to the Verb Noceo which is a Neuter and so he is little surer by this definition then without it But though it were harder then it is yet I would not refuse to contribute somthing herein for the benefit and ease of young beginners who are often deceived in this point notwithstanding the definition of an Active Verb. Neither do I promise to bring you such a definition that it can put you out of all doubts but one that will bring you easier and more sure to the general knowledg of an Active Verb. A Verb is most commonly either an Active or of the Active signification thse words comprehend the Deponents of the Active signification if it ends in o or being a Deponent in or and if it can be joyned with these two words Some thing in a right and pertinent sense As I Read this Verb which is lego ends in o and you may say in good sense I Read Some thing but Sedeo Gaudeo Valeo are not Actives albeit they end in o because you cannot add to them in a right sense these two words Some thing for we say not I fit some thing but upon some thing neither I rejoyce some thing but at some thing c. So the words must have an immediate dependence upon the Active Verb. Thus having given you a general kind of knowledge on this subject I come to the general exceptions You must except these kinde of Verbs following from this definition who though they end in o and may have after them in right sense some thing yet are they not to be used as Actives these are they Verbs of Studying Placing Displacing Favouring Obeying Envying with Noceo Interdico Egeo Careo Fido. Except of Deponents these Blandior Adversor Medeor Medicor which have the Dative with Vescor Vtor Abutor Fungor Fruor which have the Ablative Misereor and Miseresco which have the Genitive Though you will find many more both Actives and Deponents to be excepted when you give your self to reading yet these that I have made mention of are the most general and obvious and are capable with the preceeding definition to give you a general Idea and knowledg of an Active Verb. The mark of a Passive Verb is that it ends in or and signifieth to suffer id est signifieth the reception of some action As Amor I am Loved then I receive the Love of another The Syntax saith that the Passive hath after it the Ablative with the Preposition à or ab but this should be so understood when the word that is put in the Ablative is a Person or any living Thing As Amor à Deo I am loved by God otherwise if that which is in the Ablative be not a living or animate thing you must leave out the Preposition As I am overcharged with grief Obruor dolore He is troubled with a heavy sicknesse Gravissimo conflictatur morbo According to what hath been said of the Passive in Living and Animate things so must you do with the Verbs of Receiving for if the word which is put in the Ablative after these Verbs be a Person or living thing Then is put before it à or ab As I received Letters from my Father Accepi Literas à Patre meo And if this word be inanimate or without life then it hath going before it é or ex As I received great contentment from your Letters Incredibilem ex Epistolis tuis cepi voluptatem or é venatione In hunting é Musicâ in Musick Ex Agriculturâ In husbandrie Albeit you will finde Cicero in these wayes of speaking make use of the Genitive As Capere fructum Laboris Vigiliarum Industriae To reap Fruits of his Labour Vigilancie and Industry By the way I remarke that the Compound accipio is used most with Persons or Animate Things and the Simple Capio with Inanimate or not Living Things or else some of its Synonimes As Haurio duco peto traho The Grammer saith that the Participle governeth the Case of its Verb neverthelesse the Participle of the Passive is put with the Dative although the Verb from whom this Future descendeth governeth the Ablatve as we must suffer in this Life Multa nobis ferenda sunt in hâc vità I must write a Letter Scribenda est mihi Epistola And thus farr of English Particles Moods and Tenses c To this I add a most usefull Treatise of Latine Particles and of Verbs which have a Particular Regiment CHAP. I. Concerning the Relative Particles Qui Quae Quod. THese Pronouns Qui Quae Quod being put after a Negation hath the Verb whereof it is the Nominative in the Subjunctive Mood As There is no Phylosopher of Epicur his opinion Nullus est Philosophorum qui cum Epicuro sentiat vel Epicuro assentiatur You have said nothing that is approved by Learned men nihil dixisti quod probetur eruditis there is none but accuseth you of negligence Nemo est qui te negligentiae non accuset I finde nothing here

ludum propensum esse But if the Verb requires That to be changed in ut then you put the Verb following ut in the Conjunctive As I request you one thing that you would lend me money unum te rogo nempé vel quippé ut pecuniam mihi des mutuam for rogo is one of the Verbs after which That is changed into ut as I have already shewn That after idem is expressed by ac atque ut cum as I am of the opinion that Peter is of or I am of the same mind that Peter is of Idem sentio ac Petrus atque Petrus ut Petrus cum Petro I have the same right that my Brother hath Idem mihi jus est ac Fratri vel cum fratre That is some times put by an Adverb as in those two Examples It is not the first time that he hath done this Non nunc primùm hoc fecit The time will come that I can repay your Favour erit ubi parem tibi gratiam referam That being put between two Comparatives in the English is changed into quò which hath hòc or eò before the last Comparative as the more that a man is modest the more he is to be loved quò quis modestior eò vel hoc amabilior or it is put by ut quisque with the Superlative going after it and hath ità with the Superlative after it where the last Comparative of the English is as ut quisque modestissimus ità amabilissimus Another Example The more that a man is worthy of honour the lesser he coveteth it Quò quis gloriâ dignior eò minus gloriae cupidus or by the second way ut quisque gloriae dignissimus est ità gloriae minimè cupidus But if in these wayes of speaking the Particle That is found between two Verbs which have before them the mark of the Comparative degree to wit the more the lesser or between a Verb and an Adjective which is compared by magis for the Comparative and maximé for the Superlative Then because neither a Verb nor this sort of Adjectives can be compared according to the General Rule you must use quó magis for the first Comparative and eò magis or hoc magis for the second Or if you will make use of the Superlative according to the second way you must make use of ut maximé all is clear in the following Examples The more one drinks that hath the Dropsie the more he thirsts Quó magis bibit qui intercute laborat eó magis sitit or by the second way ut quisque maximé bibit qui intercute laborat itá maximé sitit the lesser that one studies he is the lesse capable of Learning Quó minus aliquis studet eó minus est ad discendum idoneus vel ut quisque minimé studet itá ad ediscendum minimè idoneus Some times the Particles that accompany the Superlative are left out As the gooder a man is he dyeth the more chearful Optimus quisque aequissimo animo moritur That In these following wayes of speaking is put by quod or tamèn as not that I hate you non quod te oderim vel te tamèn non odi if there be two negations it is put by quin As not that I am not for you Non quìn tuâ causâ cupiàm That Is put by quod or ut with the Subjunctive indifferently specially when it followeth the word strange or admirable in the English As it seemeth strange to a Country Clown that a cloath is laid for him at Dinner Mirum novum vel insolitum videtur Rustico quod vel ut sibi prandienti mantile apponatur The People of Rome thought strange that the Consul his Son should be put to death Populo Romano mirum videbatur ut Consulis Filius vel quod Consulis Filius ad supplicium raperetur At other times That is expressed by quidèm as it is true that you have done me great service but yet you have disobliged me Multa quidèm meâ causâ fecisti verum tamèn mihi displicuisti When That followeth the English Particles so far it is expounded by ut nè with the Subjunctive or nedùm with the same Mood As Lucan is so far from surpassing Virgil that he comes far short to him Tantùm ab est ut Lucanus Virgilium superet ut ne assequatur quidèm vel nè assequitur quidèm Virgilium Lucanus nedùm superet vel adeò non superat ut nec assequatur Another affirmative Example I am so far from dispising you that I preferre you to all my School-fellows Tantùm abest ut te contemnam ut te caeteris meis anteponam Condiscipulis In these Interrogations to wit is it so that shall it be said that you must make use of the Conjunctions ita nè verò siccine verò as is it so that you mock me itanè verò mihi illudis shall it be said that you will gain-stand a man who hath so much obliged you Siccinè v●rum tàm benè de te meritum oppugnas That In these wayes of speaking were it not that if it were not c. is put by nisi quod or tamèn As I would in this compare the with Children were it not that or if it were not that you seem to me more Imprudent then they In hoc te cum pueris conferrem nisi quod mihi etiam videris iis imprudentior vel videris tamèn illis Imprudentior That After Interest or Refert is changed into ut with the Subjunctive As it is good for the Common-Wealth that evil men be punished Interest vel Refert Reipub ut Improbi coerceantur Or you may say by the Infinitive Interest Reipub. Improbos coerceri The Particle That in these wayes of speaking there is no appearance that it is not likely that is put two wayes according to the two expositions which the above mentioned words admit for if there is no appearance that is the same in sense with I cannot believe that then the Verb following That is put in the Infinitive without exception As there is no appearance that a wise man hath done so filthy an Action id est I cannot believe that c. Non mihi fit verisimile virum prudentem ità turpitèr errasse But if there is no appearance that is the same that it is not just or reasonable that then That is put by ut with the Conjunctive As there is no appearance that a Schooler will despise his Master id est it is not just or it is not reasonable that c. Aequum non est ut Discipulus Magistrum vituperet That In these wayes of speaking suppose that I have spoken so I will that I have said so is put all these wayes volo dixerim ut dixerim fac dixerim dixerim sané or by the Infinitive fac me dixisse volo me dixisse That In these wayes of speaking The thing that troubleth me most is that c the

Aliquid tibi excidit To rise from a low Degree to a high Dignitie Ab infimo Gradu ad summam Dignitatem evehi vel ascendere A man risen from nothing Ex vili obscuro illustris From a child I was ever so minded Eo fui animo á puero From my youth I have ever been so brought up A juventute ità fui educatus After many presents sent from both hands post multa hìnc indè vel ultrò citròque collata munera CHAP. XXIX Of the Verb to Make or Cause IF this Verb Make be the same thing in signification with these words was the cause then it is expressed by Facio Efficio Perficio Impello Adduco and others of the like signification with the Verb following in the Subjunctive after the Conjunction ut As your Civility made me implore your assistance id est was the cause that I implored your assistance Fecit humanitas tua ut tuam opem implorarem Your request made me undertake a thing so hard and so far contrary to my profession Effecit postulatio tua ut rem tàm arduam tàmque ab instituto alienam susciperem His great learning made me desirous of his acquaintance Summa hujus v●ri eruditio me impulit ut in ejus familiaritatem venirem The Masters too great vigour and severity made me forsake my Studies Magistri nimia severitas fecit vel in causà fuit ut discendi voluntatem abjicerem It was anger made him do this ill action Ad hoc tàm atrox facinus patrandum ipsum ira impulit All which wayes may be put by the Ablative in changing the Verbs into the Passive voice As Humanitate tuâ adductus sum ut opem tuam implorarem irâ impulsus tàm atrox facinus patravit You may make use of propter or ob when made is the same with was the cause As the singular Courtesie of Pompey made him be loved by all men Effecit singularis humanitas Pompeii ut ab omnibus amaretur vel propter singularem humanitatem Pompeius amabatur ab omnibus Sometimes made or cause is put by Jubeo with the Verb following in the Infinitive of the Passive or by Curo with the future of the Participle of the Passive As the King did make build a stately Church Rex Aedem magnificentissimam construi Jussit vel construendam curavit The King caused levie new Forces Rex novas copias contrahi jussit vel contrahendas curavit Cogo Adduco Compello are the Verbs whereinto make or cause are changed when they are the same in signification with to force As necessity makes a man do many things id est forceth a man to do many things Multa facere hominem cogit necessitas Cicero made Catiline go out of Rome Compulit Cicero Catilinam Vrbe cedere But if make or cause do not signifie to do any thing through compulsion but perswasively and without using violence then it is put by suadeo persuadeo As he caused me by his wise Counsel or admonitions leave off sensensual pleasures Sapientissimis suis admonitionibus mihi persuasit ut voluptatibus nuntium remitterem I could never make him forsake ill company Nunquàm illi suadere potui vel precibus meis ab illo nunquàm impetrare potui ut improborum congressus fugeret In these wayes following Make is expressed by one Verb in the Latine though it hath two in the English As a good Prince makes himself beloved by the People Bonus Princeps sibi Populi benevol entiam conciliat vel allicit sibi benevolentiam populi A Tyrant makes himself be hated by all men Omnium in se invidiam concitat Tyrannus Thus having reduced to some general heads all the wayes of speaking on this Particle that are capable of any general Observation I come now according to my ordinary Method to speak of the particular wayes of speaking on those Particles To make himself be admired by all men Omnibus movere admirationem omnes in admirationem traducere vel rapere To make others be admired In aliis admirationem efficere To make ones peace with the Prince Benignum aliquem reddere Principi in Principis gratiam aliquem reducere To cause an untimely birth or abortion Partum abigere To Cause abolish a Law Legem abrogare To make his house larger Aedibus accessionem adjungere To cause pull down the Walls of a Town Vrbis Maenia diruere To cause augment any thing Alicui rei incrementum dare To make a man change his way of living Hominem ad aliam viam aliosque mores traducere hominis naturam Ingeniumque mutare bominem de statu vitae dejicere To make one fear Alicui metum incutere torrorem alicui injicere aliquem in terrorem adjicere in metum adducere To make himself be feared by his Subjects Auctoritatem tenere in suos To make ones hat fly off De capite pileum decutere To make a branch or fruit fall from a Tree Ramum vel fructum de arbore decutere To make one confesse the Truth Alicui veritatem extorquere To make a thing unknown to appear Rem occultam aperire To make one angry Aliquem ad indignationem vel iracundiam adducere alicui bilem aut stomachum movere aliquem ad iram impellere aut provocare To make one comprehend or understand any thing Aliquèm ad Intelligendum aliquid adducere vel ad rei alicujus intelligentiam aut notitiam perducere To make one condescend to our will Aliquem ad voluntatem nostram adducere To make id est force or constrain one to consent Alicui consensum extorquere vel exprimere To make one desirous of any thing Alicui rei alicujus cupiditatem adferre vel injicere To make one dispair Desperationem alicui afferre spem cuipiam addimere ad desperationem adducere adigere compellere é spe aliquem deturbare alicui spem praecidere To make one fall from his Dignity De Honoris loco vel gradu aliquem dejicere To make mad angry any body Aliquem uvere ad furorem adigere There is an Herb that makes men drunk Est Herba quae temulentos facit quae temulentiam facit To make man look for great things of himself Magnam sui expectationem apud omnes concitare To make his mind known Alicui mentem suam aperire To make one proud Alicui animos facere aut inflare To make ones escape Alicui fugam patefacere vel viam ad fugam aperire To make himself be heard Sibi audientiam facere To make the Master have an aversion from the Servant Herum á servo abalienare Servum apud Herum in invidiam vocare To make one do any mischief Aliquem ad nefas adducere vel impellere To make one erre Aliquem in errorem inducere To make room in a throng Turbam sum movere To make one sigh Alicui gemitus exprimere aut elicere To make himself be laughed at by all men Omnibus

inconsulto peregrinationem suscepit But take heed in using this way that the Nominative of the Verb which is expressed by an Adjective in the Ablative be not the same thing with the Nominative of the following or preceding Verb in which case you must not use this Ablative unlesse you can diversifie or distinguish them without altering the sense As he did undertake this Voyage without asking my advise Here the Nominative to asking and undertake is one thing to wit he So that you cannot here use the Ablative if you put it into Latine according as it is in the English but if you will diversifie them so He undertook this Voyage I not being consulted you may say then Me inconsulto peregrinationem hanc suscepit But if it cannot be diversified then you must have recourse to some of the wayes above-mentioned As he was condemned without being heard here the Nominative to condemned is the same thing that goeth to the Participle being heard neither can it be diversified wherefore you do not here use the Ablative but Priusquàm Antequàm c. Priùs damnatus est quàm auditus fuerit Or if it be a Participle of the Passive Voice which is known by its ending in ed or by the Particle being going before a Verb then if it cannot be diversified or made independent of the Verb preceding or following it is put in the Preterit of the Participle and agreeth with the Nominative of the Personal Verb in Gender Number and Case As he did escape his Enemies hands without being hurt Illaesus hostium manus evasit He did this undesired Id fecit non rogatus Sometimes you may expresse these wayes of speaking by the Substantives descending from the Participles As without declaring his will Sine significatione suae voluntatis Without doubting Procul omni dubio These wayes of speaking having Loved having Taught in the Active Voice or having been Taught having been Loved in the Passive Voice are diversly expressed in the Latine according to the diverse nature and sorts of Verbs which you shall have to do with for if your English Participle be in the Active Voice and the Verb that you must render it by be either a Deponent or Common Verb then it is put in the Preterit Tense of the Participle and made agree with the Nominative of the Finite Verb as with its Substantive As having spoken many things to good purpose he went away Multa Commodè locutus abiit The Father having comforted his Children dyed Pater consolatus Filios obiit Observe further that having going before a Verb maketh it of the Participle of the Active But if been go between it and the Verb then the Verb is in the Participle of the passive Just so if a Verb ending in ed follow the particle after it is in the participle of the Active but if the word been go between after and the Verb the Verb is in the Participle of the Passive neither in this do I contradict my self in what I have said in the beginning of this Chapter concerning the mark of the Participles because I speak of Participles taken absolutely id est without having any thing going before them as Loving in the Active Loved in the Passive therefore if you find in the English after instead of having what I have said of the one may be applyed to the other As After that the Father had comforted his Children he dyed Consolatus filios suos Pater obiit But if your English Participle be to be rendred by an Active or Neuter Verb then you must make use of postquàm or cùm with the Indicative or Subjunctive and not of the Preterit of the Participle because they have none As The Father having admonished his Children departed this Life Postquàm monuisset suos Libros Pater é vivis excessit The Schollers having Studied do play Cum Studuissent Scholastici Ludo vacant But know that the Active hath this priviledge which the Neuter Verb cannot have to wit that it may be put Absolutely in the Ablative when it is changed into the Passive Voice the which the Neuter wants As The Scholler goeth home having said his Lesson Dictâ Lectione Scholasticus domum repet●t If the Relative is and ille follow your Participle of the Active you cannot use the Independent or Absolute Ablative but you must either make it agree in Gender Number and Case if you will change it from the Active to a Participle of the Passive with its Antecedent or by Postquàm or cùm with the subjunctive Mood if you will keep it in the Active Voice As The Master did send away his Schollers having told them of what they had to doe Dimisit Discipulos suos Magister de officio suo monitos vel postquàm eos de officio movisset And in this case the Neuter Verbs are put by cùm or postquàm because they have no Preterit Participle of the Passive voice to be put the other way In these wayes of speaking following the Preterit participle of the Passive voice in the English is kept so in the Latine if you have to doe with an Active Verb As the Scholler becometh more diligent being chided by his Master diligentior evadit Discipulus objurgatus á Praeceptore This doth also comprehend common Verbs As the sick man dyed having been comforted by his Pastor Aeger à Pastore consolatus obiit But if the Verb be a deponent you must not put it so by reason that it hath no Passive and for evading of this fault so common among Schollers change the Verb which was in the Passive in the English into an Active in the Latine As The Captain escaped without being followed by his Enemies Dux evasit Hostibus eum minimè sequentibus Or if this way seemeth not good to be used strive to find a Synonime to this deponent which may be put Passively Sometimes the English Participle is put in the Conjunctive by quamvìs and this so often as there followeth it in the English the word Nevertheless As Themistocles having done great service to his Country was nevertheless or notwithstanding put away by his fellow-Citizens Quamvìs Themistocles fortitèr praeclarè pro patriâ gessisset à Civibus tamèn suis ejectus fuit CHAP. VI. Of the Participles of the Future Tense THere be two Participles of the Future Tense that of the Active which ends in rus and the other of the Passive which ends in dus The Future of the Indicative the Imperfect and Plusquamperfect of the Subjunctive are exprest in the Latine by the Future in rus so often as there goeth before these Tenses any of these Latine Particles tàm ut adeò ut ità ut eatenùs ut and such like As He hath so great power with the King that he will obtain easily of him what he listeth Tantùm valet apud Regem ut ab eo facilè quidlibet Impetraturus sit He is so merciful and meek that he would pardon his Enemies Adeò

as you have to do with a Relative and an Antecedent if the Relative sentence be as a Parenthesis that is a sentence having so little a dependence or Connection with what goes before it or after it that both these parts can make a perfect sentence without it As Caesar when he came to Rubicon doubted whether he should pass over the River here when he came to Rubicon hath so little a connection with what goes before it to wit Caesar and the words that go after it that they can make a perfect sentence without it thus Caesar doubted whether he should passe over the River The Relative sentence is as a Parenthesis so often as the words going before it cannot make a perfect sense but leaves the minde in suspence and expectation of something to come after As If I should begin to speak to one and say Caesar and stop here would not he expect somthing to follow and lie in suspence till I should compleat the sentence Thus having made clear what Verbs goes to the Relative and what Verbs to the Antecedent it 's easie according to what hath been said to know into what Case to put them There remains now I should speak of a Participle seeing of a Noun Pronoun and a Verb I have spoken sufficiently and because I have treated of it at large in some preceding Chapters I shall only hint at these two things now first that so often as it is to be put in the Future of the Passive you put the Dative after it in stead of an Ablative As Amandus est mihi probus and not á me Secondly That you look if it hath any dependence upon any Verb Following or Preceding or not if it hath put the Participle of your English by the Subjunctive Mood with Cum if it hath not a Dependence put it by the Absolute Ablative This Dependence is known if your English Participle agreeth with the Nominative of any Verb of the sentence as knowing that you was come I came to see you Here I the Nominative to came agreeth with knowing and consequently it depends upon the Nominative for so you may say I knowing that you was come did come to see you Cum noverim te venisse veni huc te visum And if there is no agreement betwixt the Participle and the Verb then you put it by the Absolute Ablative As The Souldiers being killed the Captains did flie Here you cannot say as in the former example The Captains being killed they did flie wherfore there is no Dependence and so you may put it by the Ablative Occisis militibus aufugerunt duces If you finde an Adverb set it plainly down unlesse it be of Quantity Time or Place and then you ought to give it a Genitive of Place there is four sorts The first is Adverbs to a Place which are Huc to this Place isthuc illuc and them you use after Verbs of Motion to a Place The second is Adverbs from a Place As Hinc from hence isthinc illinc c. and they are put after Verbs signifying a motion from a Place As Abeo Recedo Venio The third sort is Adverbs by a Place As Hàc By this Place isthàc illàc and they are put after Verbs signifying a Motion by a Place As Transeo praetereo c. The last is Adverbs of Rest As Hìc here isthìc illìc and they follow Verbs of Rest As Quiesco Sedeo As concerning a Preposition Interjection and Conjunction there can be said nothing more of them then is said in the Grammers ERRATA'S PAge 2. l. 3 4. Polliccor p. 3. l. 3. r. come p. 20. l. 18. r. Intuitus p. 22. l. 14. r. se p. 31. l. 16. r. amicius p. 35. l. 9. r. negligentiae p. 36. l. 24. r. morem p. 43. l. 25. r. alicujus p. 46. l. 29. r. terrae p. 48. l. 17. r quinquaginta p. 49. l. 25. r. take p. 53. l. 12. r. redintegrant p. 59. l. 13. r. your p. 62. l. 2. r. duram p. 63. l. 19. r. nititur p. 67. l. 1. r. vini and l. 20. r. partitive p. 82. l. 17. r. alienabis p. 83. l. 18. r. nihil p. 85. l. 24. r. then p. 90. l. 1● r. si●t p. 105. l. 3. r. singulos p. 116. l. 28. r. th●se l. 30. same p. a p. 166. l. 21. r. send p. 167. l. 23. r. ill p. 186. l. 1. r. Sympathy p. 202. l. 25. r. scelere The Index CHap. 1. Of the Particle That p. 1 Chap. 2. Of the Particle What. p. 16 Chap. 3. Of the Particle Then p. 18 Chap. 4. Of the Particle To. p. 21 Chap. 5. Of the Particle After p. 30 Chap. 6. Of the Particle Because p. 33 Chap. 7. Of the Adverb Otherwise p. 34 Chap. 8 Of the Particle Against p. 35 Chap. 9. Of Not only or Onely alone p. 38 Chap. 10. Of the Particle By and Through p. 40 Chap. 11. Of the Particle For. p. 44 Chap. 12. Of the double Particle Without p. 50 Chap. 13. Of the Particle According p 57 Chap. 14. Of the Particle Upon p. 61 Chap. 15. Concerning the Particle Of. p. 66 Chap. 16. Of the Particle In p. 71 Chap. 17. Of the Particle If. p. 80 Chap. 18. Of the Particle When. p. 84 Chap. 19. Of the Particle Since p. 87 Chap. 20. Of the Particle Whether p. 89 Chap. 21. Of the Particle But. p. 91 Chap. 22. Of the Particle Ar. p. 92 Chap. 23. Of the Particle Out p. 94 Chap 24. Of the Particles Whiles or Till p. 96 Chap. 25. Of the Particle Above p. 97 Chap. 26. Of the Particle As. p 99 Chap. 27. Of the Particle Would p. 102 Chap. 28 Of the Particle From p. 103 Chap. 29. Of the Verb To Make or Cause p. 106 CHap. 1. How the Finite Mood and all their Tenses may be changed according to the Latine when they are not to be reduced to the Infinitive Mood p. 115 Chap. 2. How to put a Verb of the Finite Mood into the Infinitive Mood in the Tenses suitable to your Speech p. 110 Chap. 3. Of the Difficulties upon the Infinitive Mood p. 125 Chap. 4. Of the Gerunds p. 130 Chap 5. Of Participles of the Present and Preterit Tense p. 135 Chap. 6. Of the Participles of the Future Tense p. 141 Chap. 7. How to reduce a Participle to the Finite Moods of its Verbs p. 145 Chap. 8. How and when the Impersonal Verb should be reduced to a Personal p. 148 Chap. 9. When and how you should reduce an Active to a Passive or contrarily p. 154 Chap. 10. What must be done when you joyn two Verbs of a diverse construction with one word p. 159 Chap. 11. Concerning the mark of an Active Verb and the Regiment of Passive Verbs and Verbs of Receiving p. 161 CHapter 1. Concerning the Relative Particles Qui Quae Quod. p. 166 Chap. 2. Of the Particles Quis Quantus Qualis Cùm Postquàm Tame●si Etiamsi Quamvis Quando p. 174 Chap. 3. How to distinguish Quidam with Aliquis or Quispiam and concerning the proprieties of Quispiam and Ullus p. 177. Chap. 4. Of the Pronoun Quisque p. 180 Chap. 5. Of the Pronouns Alius and Alter and wherein they differ p. 182 Chap. 6. Of the Pronouns Sui and Suus p. 188 Chap. 7. Of the Negative Particles Non Hand Nemo Nunquàm Nullus Nihil Nèc Neque c. p. 192 CHap 8. Of the words Patria and Gens p. 194 CHap. 9. Of Persuadeo and Moneo p. 195 Chap. 10. Of the Verbs Consentio Dissentio and their Synonimies p. 198 A Catalogue of Verbs which have diverse Regiments and Constructions under one signification p. 200 Verbs that in changing their Syntax change their signification p. 233 Most easie and usefull Rules which ought to be Learned and Practised by all those who are Inexpert in matter of Exercise or Composition p. 235 FINIS