they_o must_v out_o of_o hand_n receive_v judgement_n for_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o these_o two_o word_n ampliari_fw-la &_o comperendinari_fw-la we_o must_v consider_v the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o ceremony_n use_v by_o the_o roman_n in_o handle_v their_o suit_n of_o law_n first_o there_o be_v in_o ius_fw-la vocatio_fw-la i_o a_o citation_n of_o one_o into_o the_o court_n second_o postulatio_fw-la i_o a_o request_n put_v up_o unto_o the_o praetour_n that_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o enter_v his_o action_n against_o the_o defendant_n whence_o postulare_fw-la aliquem_fw-la de_fw-la hoc_fw-la vel_fw-la illo_fw-la crimine_fw-la be_v to_o accuse_v one_o of_o this_o or_o that_o crime_n three_o nominis_fw-la delatio_fw-la i_o the_o take_n of_o the_o defendant_n name_n into_o the_o court-booke_n and_o this_o be_v term_v intendere_fw-la actionem_fw-la vel_fw-la litem_fw-la and_o diem_fw-la alicui_fw-la dicere_fw-la i_o to_o enter_v a_o action_n against_o one_o at_o which_o time_n the_o plaintiff_n do_v vadari_fw-la reum_fw-la i_o demand_v surety_n or_o bale_n from_o the_o defendant_n that_o he_o will_v appear_v upon_o the_o day_n appoint_v by_o the_o praetour_n which_o common_o be_v the_o three_o day_n follow_v called_z properly_z dies_fw-la perendinus_fw-la and_o sometime_o die_v tertius_fw-la simple_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o those_o capital_a letter_n i._o d._n t._n s._n p._n use_v to_o be_v write_v in_o their_o action_n which_o letter_n 27._o probus_n expound_v thus_o in_o diem_fw-la tertium_fw-la sive_fw-la perendinum_fw-la so_o that_o they_o proper_o lie_fw-la vel_fw-la reus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la comperendinari_fw-la when_o the_o give_v of_o sentence_n be_v differ_v till_o the_o three_o day_n moreover_o before_o the_o praetor_n will_v suffer_v the_o action_n to_o be_v enter_v he_o will_v swear_v the_o plaintiff_n that_o he_o do_v not_o accuse_v the_o defendant_n calumniandi_fw-la causâ_fw-la i_o false_o or_o malicious_o and_o this_o kind_n of_o swear_v be_v term_v calumniam_fw-la iurare_fw-la calumniam_fw-la deiurare_fw-la and_o in_o litem_fw-la iurare_fw-la now_o if_o either_o party_n be_v absent_a from_o the_o court_n upon_o the_o three_o day_n except_o he_o be_v sick_a he_o be_v cast_v in_o his_o suit_n and_o the_o praetor_n do_v grant_v a_o execution_n call_v edictum_fw-la peremptorium_fw-la whereby_o he_o give_v authority_n to_o his_o adversary_n to_o seize_v upon_o his_o good_n sometime_o there_o be_v two_o or_o three_o edict_n in_o manner_n of_o process_n or_o writ_n before_o the_o edictum_fw-la peremptorium_fw-la can_v be_v obtain_v some_o time_n it_o be_v grant_v at_o the_o first_o and_o then_o be_v it_o 28._o call_v unum_fw-la pro_fw-la omnibus_fw-la 21._o now_o if_o both_o party_n come_v into_o the_o court_n and_o do_v appear_v than_o be_v they_o say_v se_fw-la stitisse_fw-la so_o that_o this_o word_n sisto_fw-la among_o the_o lawyer_n do_v signify_v to_o show_v one_o self_n in_o the_o court_n upon_o the_o three_o day_n the_o praetor_n also_o with_o the_o whole_a bench_n of_o judge_n do_v meet_v and_o the_o judex_fw-la quaestionis_fw-la who_o rosinus_n make_v a_o distinct_a officer_n differ_v from_o the_o praetor_n do_v cause_v all_o the_o select_a judge_n to_o pull_v out_o certain_a lot_n out_o of_o a_o urn_n or_o pitcher_n bring_v thither_o for_o that_o purpose_n &_o those_o judge_n upon_o who_o the_o lot_n fall_v be_v to_o sit_v in_o judgement_n this_o be_v call_v sortitio_fw-la judicum_fw-la now_o if_o either_o the_o plaintiff_n or_o defendant_n do_v suspect_v any_o of_o those_o that_o they_o will_v be_v partial_a then_o may_v he_o except_v against_o they_o and_o that_o be_v call_v judicum_fw-la reiectio_fw-la then_o the_o judex_fw-la quaestionis_fw-la will_v in_o manner_n aforesaid_a choose_v other_o judge_n into_o their_o place_n and_o that_o be_v call_v subsortitio_fw-la which_o be_v end_v those_o judge_n which_o be_v thus_o choose_v receive_v every_o one_o of_o they_o from_o the_o praetor_n three_o table_n the_o one_o have_v this_o letter_n a_o write_v in_o it_o betoken_v absolution_n whence_o tully_n call_v it_o literam_fw-la salutarem_fw-la the_o other_o have_v this_o letter_n c_o write_v in_o it_o betoken_v condemnation_n the_o three_o have_v these_o two_o letter_n n._n l._n betoken_v non_n liquet_fw-la after_o the_o receipt_n of_o the_o table_n than_o do_v the_o praetor_n mittere_fw-la vel_fw-la dimittere_fw-la iudices_fw-la in_o consilium_fw-la i_o send_v they_o to_o cast_v their_o table_n into_o the_o urn_n there_o be_v three_o urn_n or_o little_a coffer_n purposely_o provide_v the_o one_o for_o those_o judge_n which_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o senator_n the_o other_o for_o those_o that_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o gentleman_n the_o three_o for_o those_o which_o be_v choose_v â—ut_v of_o the_o martial_a treasurer_n now_o if_o they_o do_v cast_v the_o first_o sort_n of_o table_n into_o the_o urn_n than_o the_o praetor_n pronounce_v the_o defendant_n absolve_v if_o the_o second_o than_o he_o pronounce_v he_o condemn_v if_o the_o third_o than_o he_o pronounce_v amplius_fw-la cognoscendum_fw-la that_o they_o must_v have_v long_a time_n to_o inquire_v and_o this_o be_v proper_o term_v ampliatio_fw-la a_o reprieve_n and_o in_o such_o manner_n it_o be_v say_v quod_fw-la lie_fw-la vel_fw-la reus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la ampliari_fw-la the_o proof_n for_o this_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o law_n may_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o rosinus_n lib._n antiq_n 9_o cap._n 19_o 20._o &_o 24._o and_o out_o of_o sigonius_n according_a to_o the_o marginal_a quotation_n lex_fw-la cornelia_n de_fw-la sicarijs_fw-la veneficio_fw-la &_o parricidio_fw-la cornelius_n sylla_n be_v dictator_n ordain_v a_o law_n cluen_n that_o the_o chief_a judge_n call_v judex_n quaestionis_fw-la with_o the_o whole_a bench_n of_o judge_n shall_v sit_v upon_o life_n and_o death_n on_o such_o as_o have_v kill_v a_o man_n on_o such_o as_o have_v with_o a_o evil_a intent_n set_v any_o place_n on_o fire_n on_o such_o as_o shall_v walk_v with_o any_o weapon_n either_o to_o kill_v or_o rob_v a_o man_n on_o such_o as_o have_v either_o make_v buy_v sell_v have_v or_o give_v any_o poison_n thereby_o to_o kill_v a_o man_n on_o any_o magistrate_n whosoever_o shall_v cause_v any_o conventicle_n or_o secret_a assembly_n or_o shall_v give_v their_o consent_n to_o the_o suborn_n of_o any_o man_n to_o accuse_v another_o false_o that_o thereby_o he_o be_v innocent_a may_v be_v oppress_v &_o conden_v by_o public_a judgement_n moreover_o de_fw-fr eius_fw-la capite_fw-la quaerito_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o let_v they_o sit_v upon_o life_n and_o death_n on_o that_o man_n which_o shall_v bear_v false_a witness_n that_o another_o may_v be_v condemn_v to_o death_n on_o that_o magistrate_n or_o chief_a judge_n which_o shall_v take_v a_o bribe_n to_o condemn_v another_o to_o death_n parricidium_fw-la this_o word_n do_v proper_o signify_v only_o a_o murder_n of_o one_o parent_n or_o kinsfolk_n but_o in_o numa_n pompilius_n his_o time_n it_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o homicidium_fw-la i_o any_o manslaughter_n whatsoever_o chap._n 20._o lex_fw-la 12._o tabularum_fw-la de_fw-la vindicijs_fw-la si_fw-it qui_fw-la in_fw-la jure_fw-la manum_fw-la conserunt_fw-la utreique_fw-la superstitibus_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la vindicias_fw-la sumunto_n si_fw-mi qui_fw-la in_o jure_fw-la here_o we_o must_v note_v that_o the_o custom_n among_o the_o roman_n in_o old_a time_n be_v that_o as_o often_o as_o any_o controversy_n do_v arise_v touch_v the_o possession_n of_o a_o house_n a_o field_n or_o any_o such_o like_a thing_n the_o praetor_n do_v go_v unto_o the_o house_n field_n or_o the_o thing_n question_v be_v accompany_v thither_o with_o the_o plainteiffe_n and_o the_o defendant_n together_o with_o other_o who_o the_o law_n require_v to_o be_v present_a as_o witness_n this_o place_n wheresoever_o it_o be_v though_o in_o the_o open_a field_n during_o the_o time_n that_o the_o praetor_n sit_v there_o to_o give_v judgement_n be_v term_v in_o latin_a ius_n in_o english_a a_o court_n where_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o praetor_n and_o the_o witness_n the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n do_v manum_fw-la conserere_fw-la that_o be_v as_o muraen_n camerarius_fw-la suppose_v argue_v and_o dispute_v the_o case_n pro_fw-la and_o con_v in_o a_o solemn_a form_n of_o word_n prescribe_v they_o by_o the_o law_n for_o this_o phrase_n be_v borrow_v by_o the_o lawyer_n from_o the_o art_n military_a where_o soldier_n be_v say_v manum_fw-la vel_fw-la manu_fw-la conserere_fw-la when_o they_o fight_v hand_n to_o hand_n vâ—reique_fw-la superstitibus_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la i_o let_v both_o party_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o witness_n so_o 29._o festus_n expound_v superstites_fw-la vindicias_fw-la sumunto_n i_o let_v they_o take_v a_o turf_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o so_o 21._o sigonius_n expound_v vindiciae_fw-la though_o proper_o as_o he_o observe_v it_o signify_v the_o possession_n of_o a_o thing_n rather_o than_o the_o thing_n possess_v this_o turf_n be_v take_v up_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o praetor_n
and_o judgement_n be_v give_v upon_o that_o as_o upon_o the_o whole_a i_o do_v presume_v that_o in_o other_o case_n as_o in_o take_v the_o possession_n of_o a_o house_n &c_n &c_n some_o other_o thing_n in_o manner_n of_o the_o turf_n be_v present_v unto_o the_o praetor_n upon_o which_o as_o upon_o the_o whole_a he_o give_v judgement_n in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o praetor_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o other_o employment_n not_o find_v convenient_a leisure_n to_o review_v every_o particular_a ground_n or_o house_n call_v in_o question_n 29._o it_o be_v ordain_v contrary_a to_o the_o twelve_o table_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o such_o case_n shall_v come_v into_o the_o court_n and_o challenge_v the_o defendant_n in_o this_o form_n of_o word_n exit_fw-la jure_fw-la manu_fw-la consertum_fw-la te_fw-la voco_fw-la i_o i_o challenge_v thou_o to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o court_n into_o the_o field_n to_o use_v one_o towards_o the_o other_o that_o solemn_a form_n of_o word_n which_o the_o law_n enjoin_v then_o do_v the_o defendant_n either_o yield_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o else_o he_o do_v reply_n under_o tume_n ex_fw-la jure_fw-la manu_fw-la consertum_fw-la vocasti_fw-la inde_fw-la ibâ—_n ego_fw-la te_fw-la revoco_fw-la then_o do_v they_o both_o take_v witness_n with_o they_o without_o the_o company_n of_o the_o praetor_n inire_fw-la viam_fw-la i_o go_v into_o the_o ground_n bring_v back_o a_o turf_n thereof_o upon_o the_o which_o as_o in_o manner_n show_v the_o praetor_n give_v judgement_n at_o their_o return_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o this_o that_o have_v be_v speak_v in_o the_o explanation_n of_o this_o law_n we_o must_v note_v that_o the_o action_n term_v vindicatio_fw-la be_v twofold_a either_o the_o suit_n for_o the_o possession_n of_o a_o thing_n or_o the_o suit_n for_o the_o lordship_n or_o right_n own_v thereof_o the_o possession_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v recover_v either_o by_o a_o true_a &_o real_a violence_n or_o by_o a_o seem_a violence_n this_o seem_a violence_n be_v twofold_a either_o it_o be_v manus_fw-la consertio_fw-la which_o be_v show_v immediate_o before_o or_o moribus_fw-la deductio_fw-la i_o a_o customary_a lead_v the_o unlawful_a possessor_n out_o of_o the_o ground_n thereby_o to_o enter_v possession_n vis_fw-fr simulata_fw-la altera_fw-la à _fw-la lege_fw-la altera_fw-la emanavit_fw-la à _fw-la moribus_fw-la say_v 21_o sigon_n the_o first_o of_o these_o do_v arise_v from_o the_o roman_a law_n the_o other_o from_o a_o custom_n among_o the_o roman_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o tully_n his_o oration_n pro_fw-la muraena_fw-la the_o other_o pro_fw-la caecinnâ_fw-la to_o these_o sigonius_n add_v a_o three_o kind_n of_o seem_a violence_n which_o how_o just_o he_o have_v term_v a_o violence_n i_o shall_v leave_v to_o the_o indifferent_a judgement_n of_o the_o unpartial_a reader_n the_o right_a of_o the_o lordship_n or_o own_v any_o thing_n be_v sue_v for_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o plainteiffe_n do_v question_n with_o the_o defendant_n thus_o first_o a_o auctor_fw-la esset_fw-la i_o whether_o he_o have_v not_o covert_o make_v away_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o thing_n thereby_o to_o frustrate_v the_o action_n second_o a_o sponderet_fw-la i_o whether_o he_o will_v put_v in_o a_o gage_n of_o money_n into_o the_o court_n which_o he_o will_v forfeit_v if_o he_o be_v cast_v which_o be_v do_v the_o plaineteiffe_n do_v also_o upon_o the_o demand_n of_o the_o defendant_n put_v in_o a_o gage_n of_o money_n to_o be_v forfeit_v if_o he_o prevail_v not_o in_o his_o suit_n this_o gage_n of_o money_n be_v term_v 21_o sacramentum_fw-la and_o in_o this_o sense_n tully_n pro_fw-la milone_n say_v iniustis_fw-la vindicijs_fw-la &_o sacramentis_fw-la alienos_fw-la fundos_fw-la petunt_fw-la that_o be_v they_o sue_v for_o other_o man_n ground_n with_o unjust_a action_n and_o gauge_n of_o money_n three_o a_o satisdaret_n that_o be_v whether_o he_o will_v put_v in_o surety_n that_o during_o the_o trial_n in_o law_n the_o ground_n or_o house_n call_v in_o question_n shall_v not_o be_v impair_v the_o solemn_a form_n of_o word_n use_v in_o the_o first_o demand_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v see_v in_o coecina_fw-la tully_n quando_fw-la in_o jure_fw-la te_fw-la conspicio_fw-la postulo_fw-la annâ—e_fw-la sie_fw-la auctor_fw-la if_o the_o defendant_n hold_v his_o peace_n than_o be_v he_o adjudge_v to_o pay_v all_o cost_n &_o damage_n if_o he_o profess_v himself_o the_o present_a possessor_n than_o do_v the_o plainteiffe_n proceed_v in_o manner_n as_o he_o shall_v for_o the_o possession_n thereof_o if_o he_o deny_v it_o than_o do_v the_o praetor_n say_v unto_o the_o plainteiffe_n quando_fw-la negat_fw-la sacramento_fw-la quaerito_fw-la thereupon_o say_v the_o plainteiffe_n to_o the_o defendant_n quando_fw-la negas_fw-la te_fw-la sacramento_fw-la quinquagenario_fw-la provoco_fw-la spondesne_fw-la te_fw-la soluturum_fw-la quinquaginta_fw-la ass_n si_fw-la auctor_fw-la sis_fw-la to_o who_o the_o defendant_n reply_v spondeo_fw-la quinquaginta_fw-la ass_n si_fw-la auctor_fw-la sim_fw-la tu_fw-la verò_fw-la spondesne_fw-la idem_fw-la ni_fw-fr sim_fw-la the_o plaineteiffe_n answer_v ego_fw-la quoque_fw-la spondeo_fw-la now_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o stipulation_n the_o plainteiffe_n be_v say_v sponsione_n &_o sacramento_fw-la pro_fw-la vocare_fw-la sacramento_fw-la rogare_fw-la quaerere_fw-la &_o stipulari_fw-la i_o to_o challenge_v one_o to_o pawn_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n for_o the_o trial_n of_o a_o suit_n in_o law_n the_o defendant_n be_v say_v contendere_fw-la ex_fw-la provocatione_n contendere_fw-la sacramento_fw-la &_o restipulari_fw-la i_o to_o be_v sue_v in_o such_o manner_n this_o money_n be_v term_v sacramentum_fw-la 21._o because_o when_o it_o be_v forfeit_v it_o be_v bestow_v in_o rebus_fw-la sacris_fw-la &_o divinis_fw-la touch_v the_o last_o interrogatory_n i_o read_v no_o set_a form_n of_o word_n but_o by_o the_o word_n satisdatio_fw-la the_o intelligent_a reader_n may_v conject_v that_o it_o do_v somewhat_o symbolize_v with_o our_o english_a custom_n of_o put_v in_o bale_n lib._n 4._o rite_n and_o custom_n observe_v by_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o war_n de_fw-fr militiâ_fw-la touch_v the_o art_n military_a use_v among_o the_o roman_n it_o will_v not_o be_v impertinent_a to_o consider_v first_o how_o war_n be_v proclaim_v and_o peace_n establish_v by_o they_o then_o to_o march_v on_o to_o the_o description_n of_o their_o band_n or_o company_n where_o we_o may_v first_o observe_v the_o office_n of_o their_o chief_a captain_n and_o their_o subordinate_a leader_n together_o with_o the_o several_a ward_n into_o which_o the_o universal_a army_n be_v divide_v after_o this_o we_o may_v descend_v unto_o the_o diversity_n of_o punishment_n use_v towards_o captive_n &_o likewise_o towards_o refractarious_a and_o disobedient_a soldier_n add_v as_o a_o corollary_n or_o period_n to_o our_o whole_a discourse_n the_o several_a reward_n which_o the_o l._n general_n with_o his_o soldier_n after_o the_o performance_n of_o certain_a noble_a achievement_n receive_v chap._n 1._o de_fw-fr ritu_fw-la quem_fw-la romani_fw-la obseruârunt_fw-la vel_fw-la foedus_fw-la ferientes_fw-la vel_fw-la bellum_fw-la inferentes_fw-la &_o de_fw-la triplici_fw-la ratione_fw-la consâ—ribendi_fw-la milites_fw-la we_o may_v remember_v that_o it_o have_v be_v already_o show_v that_o both_o the_o proclaim_n of_o war_n &_o peace_n belong_v long_v unto_o a_o certain_a order_n of_o roman_a priest_n call_v foeciale_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n i_o english_v herald_n at_o arm_n the_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n which_o they_o use_v when_o they_o proclaim_v peace_n be_v as_o follow_v uz._n one_o of_o those_o herald_n have_v his_o commission_n from_o the_o state_n after_o that_o both_o side_n have_v agree_v upon_o the_o truce_n &_o league_n now_o to_o be_v conclude_v take_v up_o a_o stone_n in_o his_o hand_n 2._o use_v this_o solemn_a form_n of_o word_n sirectè_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la hoc_fw-la foedus_fw-la atque_fw-la hoc_fw-la ius_fw-la iurandum_fw-la facere_fw-la dij_fw-la mihi_fw-la cuncta_fw-la felicia_fw-la praestent_fw-la sin_v aliter_fw-la aut_fw-la ago_o aut_fw-la cogito_fw-la caeteris_fw-la omnibus_fw-la saluis_fw-la in_fw-la proprijs_fw-la patrijs_fw-la in_fw-la proprijs_fw-la legibus_fw-la in_fw-la proprijs_fw-la laribus_fw-la in_fw-la proprijs_fw-la teplis_fw-la in_fw-la proprijs_fw-la sepulchris_fw-la solus_fw-la ego_fw-la peream_fw-la ut_fw-la hic_fw-la lapis_fw-la è_fw-la manibus_fw-la decidet_fw-la and_o therewithal_o he_o cast_v the_o stone_n out_o of_o his_o hand_n which_o manner_n of_o oath_n be_v term_v iâ—â—are_fw-la jupiter_fw-la lapidem_fw-la or_o per_fw-la jupiter_fw-la lapidem_fw-la i_o as_o it_o have_v be_v render_v by_o festus_n to_o swear_v by_o jupiter_n hold_v a_o stone_n in_o one_o hand_n 1._o many_o say_v that_o he_o do_v cast_v that_o stone_n at_o a_o hog_n or_o porker_n bring_v thither_o purposely_o add_v these_o word_n to_o the_o former_a si_fw-la prio_fw-la populus_fw-la romanus_n defexit_fw-la publico_fw-la consilio_fw-la tum_fw-la ille_fw-la diespiter_n populum_fw-la rom._n sic_fw-la ferito_fw-la ut_fw-la ego_fw-la hunc_fw-la porcum_fw-la
cic._n use_v this_o phrase_n lex_fw-la mancipij_fw-la to_o signify_v a_o clause_n or_o condition_n put_v in_o the_o sale_n all_o thing_n sell_v after_o this_o manner_n be_v term_v res_fw-la mancipi_fw-la mur._n the_o word_n mancipi_fw-la be_v a_o noun_n indeclinable_a as_o frugi_n cordi_fw-la huiusmodi_fw-la etc._n etc._n we_o may_v conject_v the_o reason_n of_o these_o balance_n why_o they_o shall_v be_v use_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o bargain_v to_o be_v because_o 15._o in_o old_a time_n they_o do_v not_o bargain_n by_o pay_v coin_a money_n which_o be_v call_v ae_z signatum_fw-la but_o by_o pay_v a_o certain_a weight_n of_o money_n whence_o such_o money_n be_v term_v ae_z grave_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o metaphorical_o we_o translate_v pendo_fw-la and_o rependo_fw-la to_o pay_v and_o repay_v chap._n 17._o de_fw-fr maiestate_fw-la lex_fw-la varia_n q._n varius_n trib._n pl._n make_v a_o law_n that_o the_o praetores_fw-la quaesitores_fw-la shall_v sit_v in_o judgement_n upon_o those_o cornel_n by_o who_o the_o ally_n or_o associate_n have_v be_v move_v to_o attempt_v war_n against_o the_o roman_a people_n julia_n lex_fw-la c._n jul._n caesar_n ordain_v that_o such_o as_o be_v condemn_v of_o treason_n 1._o or_o cause_v uproar_n in_o the_o common_a wealth_n shall_v be_v banish_v chap._n 18._o de_fw-fr ambitu_fw-la those_o law_n be_v term_v leges_fw-la de_fw-la ambitu_fw-la which_o be_v make_v against_o undirect_a or_o unlawful_a course_n use_v in_o canvas_n for_o office_n fabia_n de_fw-fr ambitu_fw-la this_o lex_fw-la fabia_n restrain_v the_o number_n of_o those_o poor_a man_n who_o because_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o follow_v up_o &_o down_o &_o all_o the_o day_n to_o attend_v such_o as_o do_v stand_v for_o office_n be_v thence_o call_v sectatores_fw-la acilia_n calpurnia_n m._n acilius_n glabrio_n mur._n and_o c._n calpurnius_n piso_n be_v consul_n make_v a_o law_n that_o such_o as_o be_v convince_v of_o sinister_a and_o undirect_a mean_n use_v in_o their_o canvas_n shall_v be_v fine_v at_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n set_v on_o their_o head_n &_o they_o shall_v be_v make_v both_o uncapable_a of_o bear_v office_n and_o uneligible_a into_o a_o senator_n place_n senatus-consultum_a de_fw-fr ambitu_fw-la m._n tullius_n cic._n and_o c._n antonius_n be_v consul_n a_o certain_a decree_n be_v make_v by_o the_o senate_n mur._n that_o if_o such_o as_o do_v either_o salute_n or_o attend_v upon_o those_o that_o stand_v for_o office_n be_v hire_v by_o any_o manner_n of_o reward_n or_o if_o any_o public_a prize_n be_v occasion_v to_o be_v play_v or_o any_o public_a feast_n make_v by_o they_o they_o shall_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o censure_n of_o calpurnius_n his_o law_n tullia_n lex_fw-la m._n tullius_n cic._n make_v a_o law_n that_o no_o man_n stand_v for_o a_o office_n shall_v cause_v any_o public_a prize_n to_o be_v play_v within_o two_o year_n that_o he_o either_o have_v stand_v or_o shall_v stand_v for_o a_o office_n unless_o the_o day_n have_v former_o be_v appoint_v by_o some_o will_n item_n he_o ordain_v that_o senator_n be_v find_v to_o have_v use_v unlawful_a mean_n for_o the_o attain_n of_o any_o office_n sext_n shall_v suffer_v ten_o year_n exilement_n and_o the_o commonalty_n offend_v in_o that_o point_n shall_v be_v punish_v with_o a_o heavy_a punishment_n than_o the_o law_n make_v by_o calpurnius_n laâ—ed_v on_o they_o a_o addition_n unto_o this_o be_v that_o if_o any_o be_v cite_v to_o his_o answer_n in_o the_o court_n for_o his_o undirect_a mean_n si_fw-la morbum_fw-la excusaret_fw-la i_o if_o he_o do_v urge_v his_o sickness_n for_o his_o not_o appearance_n then_o shall_v he_o undergo_v a_o penalty_n si_fw-mi morbum_fw-la excusaret_fw-la so_o that_o tully_n here_o seem_v to_o cut_v of_o that_o liberty_n which_o the_o twelve_o table_n permit_v in_o these_o word_n si_fw-la judex_n alteruè_fw-fr ex_fw-la litigatoribus_fw-la morbo_fw-la sontico_fw-la impediatur_fw-la iudicij_fw-la dies_fw-la diffisus_fw-la esto_fw-la i_o if_o either_o judge_n plaintiff_n or_o defendant_n be_v sick_a they_o shall_v diffindere_fw-la diem_fw-la i_o 28._o proffer_v &_o in_o aliud_fw-la tempus_fw-la reijcere_fw-la prorogue_v the_o time_n of_o judgement_n and_o unless_o some_o may_v think_v that_o by_o morbus_fw-la sonticus_fw-la be_v mean_v some_o strange_a disease_n sigonius_n infer_v that_o every_o disease_n be_v term_v sonticus_fw-la which_o hinder_v we_o in_o the_o performance_n of_o our_o business_n sontes_fw-la enim_fw-la nocentes_fw-la dicunt_fw-la licinia_n de_fw-fr sodalitijs_fw-la m._n licinius_n crassus_n be_v consul_n plancio_n persuade_v ut_fw-la in_o sodalitijs_fw-la judices_fw-la ab_fw-la accusatore_fw-la ex_fw-la tribubus_fw-la ederentur_fw-la sodalitia_fw-la in_o the_o late_a time_n the_o roman_n in_o their_o canvas_n will_v gather_v together_o a_o certain_a company_n of_o their_o side_n or_o faction_n to_o follow_v they_o term_v they_o sodales_fw-la &_o these_o sodales_fw-la will_v as_o it_o be_v by_o violence_n force_v the_o people_n to_o suffrage_n with_o they_o whence_o the_o violence_n offer_v by_o they_o be_v term_v sodalitia_fw-la sig._n de_fw-fr jud._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 30._o judices_fw-la ab_fw-la accusatore_fw-la ederentur_fw-la ex_fw-la tribubus_fw-la we_o may_v read_v of_o three_o sort_n of_o judge_n among_o the_o roman_n or_o rather_o of_o three_o divers_a kind_n of_o election_n of_o their_o judge_n for_o either_o they_o be_v lecti_fw-la sortitione_n of_o which_o more_o may_v be_v see_v in_o one_o of_o the_o law_n follow_v or_o editione_n by_o nomination_n or_o name_v they_o the_o manner_n thereof_o be_v thus_o that_o either_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v choose_v they_o all_o and_o then_o be_v they_o call_v judices_fw-la edititij_fw-la or_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v choose_v one_o half_a and_o the_o defendant_n the_o other_o and_o then_o be_v they_o call_v judices_fw-la alterni_fw-la melancthon_n in_o cic._n pro_fw-la muraen_n chap._n 19_o de_fw-fr pecunijs_fw-la repetundis_fw-la first_o touch_v the_o word_n repetundae_n sigonius_n say_v that_o such_o money_n be_v term_v pecuniae_fw-la repetundae_fw-la quae_fw-la possent_fw-la repeti_fw-la which_o may_v by_o the_o course_n of_o law_n be_v recover_v namely_o such_o money_n as_o any_o magistrate_n judge_n or_o public_a officer_n do_v either_o in_o the_o province_n or_o in_o the_o city_n receive_v as_o a_o bribe_n from_o the_o ally_n and_o associate_n or_o from_o the_o roman_a citizen_n for_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n or_o the_o execution_n of_o any_o public_a duty_n &_o this_o kind_n of_o bribe_n they_o term_v pecunias_fw-la repetundas_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la ablatam_fw-la captam_fw-la coactam_fw-la conciliatam_fw-la aversam_fw-la cic._n in_o verrinis_n but_o as_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a these_o law_n against_o bribery_n be_v first_o occasion_v for_o the_o ease_n and_o relief_n of_o the_o roman_a province_n and_o ally_n call_v in_o latin_a socij_fw-la who_o be_v much_o abuse_v in_o this_o kind_n by_o the_o prov._n consul_n praetour_n &_o quaestor_n etc._n etc._n whence_o tully_n call_v this_o law_n against_o bribery_n legem_fw-la socialem_fw-la junia_n lex_fw-la m._n junius_n pennus_n trib._n pleb_n prefer_v a_o law_n that_o such_o as_o be_v convince_v of_o bribery_n praeter_fw-la litis_fw-la aestimationem_fw-la exilium_fw-la etiam_fw-la damnato_fw-la esset_fw-la irrogatum_fw-la litis_fw-la aestimationem_fw-la here_o we_o will_v consider_v the_o difference_n of_o these_o three_o phrase_n litis_fw-la contestatio_fw-la litis_fw-la redemptio_fw-la and_o litis_fw-la aestimatio_fw-la 27._o the_o first_o signify_v the_o produce_v of_o witness_n when_o both_o side_n shall_v open_o in_o the_o court_n use_v this_o form_n of_o word_n testes_fw-la estote_fw-la which_o be_v not_o do_v antequam_fw-la satisdationes_fw-la factae_fw-la essent_fw-la before_o surety_n be_v put_v in_o by_o the_o one_o that_o he_o will_v judicatum_fw-la solvere_fw-la pay_v that_o which_o he_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o other_o that_o he_o will_v rem_fw-la ratam_fw-la habere_fw-la i_o stand_v to_o the_o verdict_n or_o sentence_n in_o the_o court_n the_o second_o phrase_n signify_v a_o composition_n or_o a_o argument_n agree_v upon_o by_o both_o side_n between_o themselves_o roscio_n redimere_fw-la light_n est_fw-la pactionem_fw-la facere_fw-la qui_fw-la enim_fw-la paciscitur_fw-la facit_fw-la ut_fw-la lie_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la the_o three_o be_v when_o the_o party_n which_o be_v cast_v in_o the_o suit_n be_v adjudge_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n or_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o good_n call_v in_o question_n together_o with_o the_o cost_n and_o damage_n in_o law_n unto_o his_o adversary_n cluentio_n litem_fw-la aestimare_fw-la est_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la de_fw-la qua_fw-la lie_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o propter_fw-la quam_fw-la condemnatus_fw-la est_fw-la reus_fw-la in_fw-la summam_fw-la redigere_fw-la quae_fw-la de_fw-la bonis_fw-la eius_fw-la redigatur_fw-la rabirio_n and_o aestimare_fw-la litem_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la vulgò_fw-la dicitur_fw-la taxare_fw-la litis_fw-la expensas_fw-la acilia_n lex_fw-la m._n acilius_n glabrio_n make_v a_o law_n that_o such_o as_o be_v accuse_v of_o bribery_n neque_fw-la ampliari_fw-la neque_fw-la comperendinari_fw-la possent_fw-la i_o
they_o do_v subscribe_v unto_o the_o accusation_n lex_fw-la servilia_n &_o sempronia_n whereas_o sempronius_n have_v prefer_v a_o law_n scauro_n whereby_o he_o take_v away_o the_o authority_n of_o sit_v in_o judgement_n from_o the_o senator_n and_o appropriate_v it_o to_o the_o roman_a gentleman_n q._n servilius_n caepio_n be_v consul_n do_v afterward_o prefer_v another_o law_n whereby_o the_o administration_n of_o judgement_n be_v divide_v between_o the_o senator_n and_o the_o gentleman_n rupilia_n lex_fw-la rupilia_n lex_fw-la vetabat_fw-la diebus_fw-la triginta_fw-la sortiri_fw-la dicam_fw-la verr._n here_o we_o must_v note_v with_o 5._o sigonius_n that_o this_o law_n be_v of_o force_n only_o in_o the_o province_n of_o sicilia_n also_o that_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n scribere_fw-la dicam_fw-la i_o to_o enter_v a_o action_n another_o sortiri_fw-la dicam_fw-la i_o by_o lot_n to_o choose_v the_o judge_n which_o be_v 30._o day_n after_o livia_n lex_fw-la though_o by_o virtue_n of_o servilius_n his_o law_n the_o senator_n be_v make_v capable_a of_o the_o office_n of_o a_o judge_n 3._o yet_o they_o be_v not_o thereby_o equal_o capable_a with_o the_o roman_a gentleman_n &_o therefore_o do_v m._n livius_n drusus_n ordain_v that_o the_o judge_n shall_v be_v elect_v equal_o out_o of_o both_o order_n namely_o three_o hundred_o out_o of_o the_o senate_n and_o three_o hundred_o out_o of_o the_o gentry_n plautia_n lex_fw-la m._n plautius_n sylvanus_n prefer_v a_o law_n cornel_n that_o the_o number_n of_o judge_n shall_v be_v choose_v not_o only_o out_o of_o the_o roman_a senator_n and_o gentleman_n but_o out_o of_o the_o populacy_n also_o namely_o out_o of_o every_o tribe_n fifteen_o judge_n aurelia_n lex_fw-la l._n aurelius_n cotta_n be_v praetor_n make_v a_o law_n saepe_fw-la that_o the_o judge_n shall_v be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o senator_n the_o gentleman_n and_o those_o martial_a treasurer_n or_o clerk_n of_o the_o band_n call_v tribuni_fw-la aerarij_fw-la pompeia_n lex_fw-la cn._n pompeius_n magnus_n be_v consul_n ordain_v pison_n that_o the_o judge_n shall_v be_v elect_v out_o of_o the_o wealthy_a century_n tie_v the_o election_n notwithstanding_o to_o those_o three_o degree_n of_o people_n namely_o senator_n gentleman_n &_o martial_a treasurer_n also_o he_o add_v that_o the_o number_n of_o judge_n to_o examine_v cause_n shall_v be_v seaventy_n and_o five_o julia_n lex_fw-la c._n julius_n caesar_n ordain_v 1._o that_o the_o election_n of_o judge_n shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o senator_n and_o gentleman_n only_o leave_v out_o the_o martial_a treasurer_n and_o this_o tully_n call_v legen_o judiciariam_fw-la caesaris_fw-la antonia_n lex_fw-la m._n antonius_n tulit_fw-la legem_fw-la 5._o ut_fw-la tertia_fw-la iudicum_fw-la decuria_fw-la è_fw-la centurionibus_fw-la antesignanis_fw-la alaudis_fw-la manipularibus_fw-la fieret_fw-la judicum_fw-la decuriae_fw-la when_o the_o l._n chief_a justice_n have_v take_v his_o oath_n he_o choose_v out_o some_o ex_fw-la certis_fw-la ordinibus_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la omni_fw-la populo_fw-la i_o out_n of_o such_o degree_n and_o place_n as_o the_o law_n require_v to_o sit_v in_o judgement_n in_o the_o trial_n of_o those_o case_n which_o be_v term_v causae_fw-la publicae_fw-la and_o these_o judge_n he_o afterward_o divide_v into_o lesser_a number_n call_v decuriae_fw-la vid._n sigon_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la rom._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 18._o e_o centurionibus_fw-la centuriones_n be_v captain_n over_o a_o hundred_o footman_n antesignanis_fw-la this_o word_n antesignanus_n have_v a_o double_a acception_n in_o the_o roman_a history_n sometime_o antesignani_fw-la do_v signify_v the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n for_o all_o those_o soldier_n that_o fight_v before_o the_o banner_n or_o ensign_n as_o they_o be_v call_v hastati_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o their_o weapon_n so_o be_v they_o call_v antesignani_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o their_o ensign_n before_o which_o they_o fight_v the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o army_n as_o they_o be_v call_v principes_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o their_o prowess_n and_o valour_n so_o be_v they_o call_v subsignani_fw-la as_o fight_v under_o the_o ensign_n the_o three_o part_n as_o they_o be_v call_v triarij_fw-la because_o they_o fight_v in_o the_o three_o or_o rearward_n so_o be_v they_o call_v postsignani_n as_o fight_v behind_o the_o ensign_n where_o we_o must_v not_o think_v that_o those_o which_o be_v call_v antesignani_fw-la &_o subsignani_fw-la be_v altogether_o destitute_a of_o ensign_n among_o themselves_o for_o every_o maniple_n have_v his_o ensign_n but_o the_o eagle_n and_o other_o chief_a ensign_n be_v carry_v by_o the_o subsignani_fw-la and_o in_o respect_n have_v to_o they_o they_o have_v their_o name_n and_o hence_o arise_v the_o second_o acception_n of_o this_o word_n namely_o that_o all_o those_o soldier_n of_o every_o maniple_n which_o stand_v in_o front_n before_o their_o ensign_n be_v call_v antesignani_fw-la &_o those_o be_v common_o the_o best_a soldier_n in_o the_o company_n see_v the_o several_a proof_n of_o this_o lip_n milit._n rom._n lib._n 4._o dial_n 3._o alaudis_fw-la jul._n caesar_n press_v a_o legion_n of_o soldier_n out_o of_o gallia_n transalpina_n all_o which_o afterward_o he_o make_v free_a of_o rome_n this_o legion_n he_o call_v legionem_fw-la alaudarum_fw-la from_o the_o form_n of_o their_o helmet_n which_o do_v resemble_v the_o head_n of_o the_o lark_n call_v in_o french_a alauda_fw-la barthol_n latomus_fw-la in_o philip_n 1._o manipularibus_fw-la those_o captain_n which_o govern_v a_o maniple_n of_o soldier_n be_v call_v manipulares_fw-la fr._n maturantius_n in_o phil._n 1._o cornelia_n lex_fw-la l._n cornelius_n sylla_n prefer_v a_o law_n that_o the_o chief_a judge_n of_o the_o bench_n call_v judex_n quaestionis_fw-la câ—entio_fw-la shall_v refer_v it_o unto_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o defendant_n whether_o he_o will_v have_v judgement_n pass_v on_o he_o clam_n a_o palam_fw-la i_o as_o silvius_n observe_v either_o by_o voice_n or_o by_o table_n memnonia_n lex_fw-la this_o law_n make_v by_o memnius_n provide_v that_o no_o action_n shall_v be_v enter_v against_o those_o vatin_n who_o be_v employ_v abroad_o in_o business_n for_o the_o common_a wealth_n a_o addition_n unto_o this_o law_n be_v that_o whosoever_o shall_v calumniari_fw-la i_o forge_v a_o accusation_n against_o another_o roscio_n a_o certain_a letter_n shall_v be_v burn_v in_o his_o forehead_n in_o token_n of_o infamy_n this_o law_n be_v sometime_o call_v lex_n rhemnia_n here_o we_o may_v with_o cluentio_n fr._n silvius_n observe_v the_o difference_n of_o these_o three_o phrase_n calumniari_fw-la praevaricari_fw-la and_o tergiversari_fw-la he_o which_o do_v in_o his_o accusation_n forge_v fault_n never_o commit_v be_v say_v calumniari_fw-la he_o which_o undertake_v one_o suit_n and_o either_o will_v not_o urge_v reason_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o his_o client_n or_o answer_v the_o objection_n of_o his_o adversary_n when_o he_o be_v able_a be_v say_v praevaricari_fw-la i_o to_o play_v the_o false_a proctor_n he_o which_o do_v desist_v in_o his_o accusation_n and_o let_v his_o suit_n fall_v be_v say_v tergiversari_fw-la lex_fw-la incerta_fw-la de_fw-la nexu_fw-la in_o ijs_fw-la rebus_fw-la quae_fw-la mancipi_fw-la sunt_fw-la mur._n be_v periculum_fw-la iudicij_fw-la praestare_fw-la debet_fw-la qui_fw-la se_fw-la nexu_fw-la obligavit_fw-la i_o if_o the_o buyer_n of_o any_o thing_n in_o that_o form_n of_o sale_n call_v nexus_fw-la be_v trouble_v in_o law_n the_o seller_n thereof_o must_v secure_v he_o and_o save_v he_o harmless_a mancipi_fw-la sunt_fw-la mur_n those_o thing_n be_v term_v res_fw-la mancipi_fw-la which_o be_v alienate_v from_o the_o seller_n nexu_fw-la i_o by_o such_o a_o form_n of_o sale_n as_o follow_v the_o form_n be_v thus_o at_o the_o least_o five_o witness_n all_o roman_a citizen_n and_o of_o full_a age_n beside_o one_o call_v libri-pen_n from_o hold_v of_o a_o pair_n of_o balance_n shall_v be_v present_a and_o the_o chapman_n or_o buyer_n shall_v come_v with_o a_o certain_a brass_n coin_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o say_v for_o example_n sake_n if_o it_o be_v a_o bondslave_n to_o be_v sell_v hunc_fw-la ego_fw-la hominem_fw-la ex_fw-la jure_fw-la quiritium_fw-la meum_fw-la esse_fw-la aio_fw-la iâ—que_fw-la mihi_fw-la emptus_fw-la est_fw-la hoc_fw-la aere_fw-la and_o forthwith_o strike_v the_o balance_n with_o the_o brass_n coin_n he_o give_v it_o to_o he_o that_o make_v the_o sale_n this_o kind_n of_o chaffer_v be_v term_v nexus_fw-la as_o we_o may_v suppose_v a_o nectendo_fw-la because_o it_o do_v bind_v the_o seller_n to_o make_v good_a the_o sale_n ibid._n sometime_o it_o be_v call_v per_fw-la aes_fw-la &_o libram_fw-la venditio_fw-la because_o of_o the_o ceremony_n use_v in_o it_o mur._n now_o it_o be_v common_o call_v mancipatio_fw-la muraen_n à _fw-la manus_fw-la capione_fw-la from_o take_v that_o which_o be_v sell_v into_o one_o hand_n or_o possession_n whence_o the_o word_n mancipatus_fw-la and_o mancipium_fw-la be_v use_v to_o signify_v a_o bondslave_n that_o be_v in_o this_o manner_n sell_v though_o sometime_o mancipium_fw-la do_v signify_v the_o sale_n itself_o whence_o