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A42479 A discourse concerning publick oaths, and the lawfulness of swearing in judicial proceedings written by Dr. Gauden ..., in order to answer the scruples of the Quakers. Gauden, John, 1605-1662. 1662 (1662) Wing G352; ESTC R542 50,247 68

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not your Garments Joel 2. 13. Who hath required these things at your hands Isa 1. 11 12 13. viz. in this hypocritical fashion These seeming Negatives are not absolutely but comparatively spoken to such a degree of love or care or fear reverence and duty as are due to Gods great Commands and chief Designs which must be the main biass of mens affections and obediential actions as most intent to moralitie and not to content themselves with emptie formalities So in Ironical assentings or seeming concessions which are the sharpest prohibitions and reproches as Fill ye up then the measure of your Fathers He that is filthy let him be filthy still and he that is unjust be unjust still These are not spoken in a flat and plain way but in such a dialect and emphasis of familiar Oratory as the times and country did well understand to signifie other then the words sounded either more or less And it had been a very ridiculous childishness to have urged the Letter in its syllabical appearance and against its rational meaning which as S. Austin long ago observed must never be so put upon the biass of the bare words as to sway or swerve them contrary to that Divine Verity Morality and Sanctity which shines most clearly in other places and whose light must be brought to enlighten those that are more involved and obscured by reason of some proper phrase or idiotisme of expressing things after the manner of men in those times Else many things spoken even of God and by God himself and holy men after the manner of men as seeing hearing smelling being injured angry and repenting c. will be as blasphemies and irreconcilable as both Jewish Rabbins and Christian Doctors observe to his essential Attributes and immutable Perfections Here the words look to the appearance as when Angels are called young men Mark 16. 5. Joh. 20. 12. Luk. 24. 4. but the sense must look to the essence and reality Men will make as mad work of Scripture as Hogs will do with Gardens and Fields when in stead of orderly plowing and sowing that we may reap a fair and fruitful Harvest we inordinately and rashly root up all things by a confused rudeness which ends either in barrenness or in briars and thorns endless janglings and perplexities What long and sad contentions have the Papists made in the Western Churches the last 300. years by rigidly urging those words of Consecration in the Lords Supper to a literal severity making the Bread after Consecration so much Christs Body substantially and not sacramentally which all good Christians believe that there remains no more natural substance of the Bread but only under the accidents of Bread the sole and entire substance of Christs Body the same which is at once in Heaven and in every place where this Sacrament is celebrated yea in every crum of it By which Superseraphick opinion Faith must not only forsake the senses and look above them but flatly deny and contradict them in every verdict which they give of their proper objects according to experience and right Reason which are a part of the Creators light to mankind And all this by a magisterial novel and seraphick severity beyond the judgement of the ancient Churches is imposed by pressing the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 rigid Letter of the words in that part of the blessed Sacrament and allowing no Metonymy or Symbolical speaking which is so frequent in Scripture-Mysteries and sacred correspondencies between the signs and things signified as the Lamb is called the Passeover and Christ our Passeover and the Rock Vine Dove c. While yet in the other part of the same Sacrament they are forced to subdue and soften the words to their due sense by such Metonymues and Tropes as must make the Cup to signifie or mean the Wine and the Cup or Wine to signifie the New Testament in Christs Blood Certainly as in such expressions which Christ there useth and which we read in other Scriptures of parallel sense to set forth Divine Mysteries by their adapted Signs and Symbols or Emblems and Seals there must be believed something more sublime in them then the narrowness of the words or perhaps the hearts of men in this world can fully comprehend so to be sure nothing is by Scripture imposed upon us to be believed which is flatly contradictive to right Reason and the suffrages of all our senses and to the Analogy of Faith in the Scriptures But here the meaning of the words must be measured by semblable places and like expressions which are not wanting in the Scriptures and yet are not so wrested by any Christians that are Masters of Sense Reason and true Religion who do not cease by believing to be rational Creatures or to be men by being Christians If the Quakers will fairly admit such Cautions and limitations as they do to other places in the interpreting these Scriptures which they chiefly alledge to justifie their denial of all Swearing whatever I shall not doubt to reconcile them to my sense of them nor shall I grudge to give them this second commendation for their due regard to Scripture as the sure and sufficient rule of a Christians actions for the main and substance of them But these Scriptures must be duly examined exactly weighed and aptly reduced to that standard of Truth which is most constant and clear in both Morals Fiducials Thirdly Yea I shall adde a third Commendation of these Quakers who shall rise in judgement at the last day against many of those that speak much against them for this That they seem to have so great a fear of an Oath that out of a jealousie of Swearing amiss they will not swear at all Although they are superstitious in the degree of their fear which I shall prove to be not justly grounded on the words they alledge yet no good man can blame them to have as God commands a just abhorrence of the sin of profane easie trivial familiar false and inconsiderate Swearing for which the Land mourneth Jer. 23. 10. which so disposeth men as Saint Austin sayes to false Swearing and gross Perjury which are sins of the first magnitude Nor can indeed much credit be given any more then to a Lyar to any man that swears never so solemnly and in Judicature who is a common Swearer and hath no reverence either of the Majesty of God or the sacredness of an Oath I formerly observed the great dread and just horror of all Swearing even that which the Laws required wherewith the poor Quakers might easily be scared and possessed in those barbarous times of their first breeding when so many lawful Oaths were despised and impudently violated nay when Perjury and Rebellion were adopted to the Family of Religion and voted for Reformation when men were grown so preposterously zealous for God that they would both lye and forswear to advance his Interest