seem to me to arise from one or other of these four Heads It is either thought to be no necessary part of a Christians Duty at least not so necessary as others are or else the Meaning Use and Benefit of it is not understood or men are loth to be at the pains of disposing themselves to be worthy Communicants or lastly having sometimes Communicated they found no good by it and so left it of It is the design therefore of this small Treatise which a desire to quicken and promote Christian Piety hath brought forth to shew as briefly and plainly as I can devise First that all those who are called by the name of our Lord have a strong tye upon them to address themselves to his Holy Table and Secondly that the ends and purposes for which it is prepared are such as both invite and ingage them to come thither Thirdly to direct the Readers to an easy and familiar way of disposing themselves to do this duty with Profit and Pleasure and Lastly to furnish them with some Meditations and Devotions sutable to the Action for want of which I conceive many reap so little good from it These are the Four parts of the insuing Discourse PART I. Of the Obligations we have to Communicate For the First of these to make you sensible of the necessity and weight of this Duty there are these Six things to be considered THAT we have an express Command for it from our Lord and Master to whose service we were solemnly devoted when we were Baptized And lest there should be any room for shifting and excuses this Command is so ordered that it hath respect both to the Officers and Ministers in his Church and also to the People under their Care to the former that they might prepare this Holy Table to the other that they might come to pertake of it First he requires his Apostles Luke 22.19 to do this in remembrance of him Which words it is plain refer to what our Saviour then did who took Bread and gave thanks and brake it and gave it unto them saying this is my body which is given for you thiâ— do in remembrance of me And therefore it is as much as if he had said Do you take bread give thanks break it and give it to all my family hereafter Now if they were bound to give it then all Christians no doubt must be bound though there had been nothing more said to receive and eat it But the more to inforce the Duty they are requirâ—d so to do according as S. Paul hath declared the mind and intention of our Lord in this business and he is the only person beside S. Luke who makes mention of these words Do this in remembrance of me though two other Evangelists mention the Institution of this Sacrament He tells us 1 Cor. 11.24 that when our Lord had given thanks he brake the Bread and said take eat this is my body which is broken for you Do this in remembrance of me Here these words DO THIS immediately refer to take eat which are not in S. Luke And therefore DO THIS in his Gospel immediately refers as I said to taking bread giving thanks breaking it and giving it to them In that the Apostles and their Successors were more peculiarly concerned and none can Do this i. e. take bread give thanks break it and give it but they But in the other taking eating and drinking all Christians are concerned and are bound to do this as long as the world lasts Which appears sufficiently from the whole discourse of S. Paul to the Corinthians who were as he tells them v. 26. to shew forth the Lords death as often as they did eat that bread and drink of that Cup which the Ministers of our Lord gave to them As they were not to neglect their duty in making ready this holy food inviting the Lords people to pertake of it offering it and giving it to them so it behoved them who were called to be careful not to neglect theirs but to come and eat and drink at the Table of the Lord that by the whole action performed by both the Lords death might be declared and solemnly commemorated with Thanksgiving and Praise And to make this Command appear more weighty let me cast in two or three considerations more before I proceed any further 1. That our Lord not only gave it to the Twelve Apostles but to S. Paul also after he was added to the number From which we may clearly gather his intention of having this duty every where performed not only by the Jews but all others For when he appeared to this person and revealed his whole mind to him that he might be an Apostle and preach to the Heathen world he left not out this precept but gave him particular instructions about it For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you that the Lord Jesus the night in which he was betrayed took bread c. v. 23. 1 Cor. 11. He had not this from the Apostles nor was taught it by man but Christ himself delivered it to him as he had done to the rest of his Apostles that he might teach men to do this if they had any regard to the express Command of their dearest Lord. And it is very hard if they have not a great reverence to it considering 2. That it is the very last Commandment which he gave before his Death When he was parting with his Disciples and taking his farewel of them till he should see them again after his resurrection he left this charge with them that they should do as they had seen him do just before he went away Read the verses going before those now mentioned out of S. Luke ch 22. v. 16 17 18 c. and you will find the sense of our Saviours whole discourse to be this This is the last Supper we shall eat together in this world I shall keep no more Feasts with you till we meet in Heaven But I would have you meet often and Feast together upon my broken Body and my Blood shed for you according to the pattern which now I set before you As you see me take bread give thanks break it and give it to you so do ye This is my Will and Testament if you have any respect to the words of a dying Master and Saviour if you love me and bear me in mind when I am gone from you Do not forget to do this in remembrance of me And what he said to them we are to take as said to us for 3. S. Paul saith this is to be done till his coming again 1 Cor. 11.26 It is not a Temporary Command like those given to Moses but layes a perpetual obligation upon us till Christ who appeared to put away sin by this Sacrifice of himself which we commemorate shall appear the second time without sin unto Salvation From whence it necessarily follows that not only the
he gives us the Wine of joy and gladness when the same Cup is put into our hand which our blessed Saviour drank of This is the very height of Christianity to which noble pitch we should earnestly strive by all means to arrive Every drop of our blood should be ready to be poured out for that Religion which Christ sealed with his own And indeed what better use can we make of our life than to give it for him from whom we received it and who gave his life for us And how much better is it not to live at all than to live with the mark and brand of cowards and fugitives from the Prince of life and the Lord of glory Let us say therefore when we come to the Table of the Lord O how much do we owe thee most blessed Redeemer How great is the price which thou hast paid for the ransom of us miserable sinners Tongue cannot express it nor thought conceive it What shall I render unto thee for the incomprehensible benefits thou hast bestowed upon me I can give thee no less than my self which here I resign intirely into thy hands Do thou dispose of me according to thy pleasure It is but reasonable I should follow thee whithersoever thou leadest me Though it be to thy Cross I refuse not to obey thy orders Though I should die with thee I hope I shall not in any wise deny thee For there is no better use I can make of my life than to spend it for thee I esteem all things but loss for the excellence of thy knowledg I account not my life dear unto my self Act. 20.24 so that I may finish my course with joy It is Christ that died yea rather that is risen again who is even at the right hand of God who also makes intercession for us Rom. 8.34 35 c. Who shall separate me from the love of Christ Shall tribulation or distress or persecution or famine or nakedness or peril or sword as it is written for thy sake we are killed all the day long we are accounted as sheep for the slaughter Psal 44.17 18. Though all this should come upon me yet will I not forget thee nor will I deal falsly in thy Covenant My heart shall not be turned back neither shall my steps decline from thy way Nay in all these things I shall be more than a Conqueror through him that loved me For I am perswaded that neither death nor life nor Angels nor Principalities nor powers nor things present nor things to come Nor height nor depth nor any other creature shall be able to separate me from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord. And great reason there is that we should cleave to him to the very death if we consider the inestimable benefits which he by his death hath purchased for us and by this Commemoration of it confirms unto us Especially that of remission of sins through his blood which he for his part covenants to grant us if we for our part be faithful to the death For We are not to consider this Action merely as a Feast or only as a Feast upon a Sacrifice but as a Feast upon a Sacrifice for Sin Wherein we agreeing as I said to be his constant Disciples profess our belief that God hath set him forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood and he gives us a part in that propitiation and promises to be merciful to our unrighteousness and to remember our sins and iniquities no more It was not permitted to the Jews you know no not to the Priests themselves to taste of the blood of any Beast that was slain in their Sacrifices to God but it was to be poured out at the foot of the Altar after some part of it had been sprinkled thereon And as for the flesh of the Sacrifice if it was an offering for sin that was to be wholly burnt also and they were not allowed the least portion of it at any of their Feasts This is a priviledg belonging to Christians alone at the Table of the Lord where they not only eat of the Bread which represents the body or flesh of Christ but drink of the Cup which represents his Blood We have an Altar i. e. a Sacrifice whereof they had no right to eat that served the Tabernacle that is Heb. 13.10 which the Jewish Priests themselves who ministred at the Altar could not pertake of We are admitted to the injoyment of more singular priviledges than they were invested withal As we are pertakers of a better Sacrifice which is of greater efficacy and vertue than any of theirs were so God receives us into a nearer familiarity with himself and by setting before us not only the body of that Sacrifice which was offered to him but the blood also which was his own proper food plainly tells us that he intends to make us pertakers of the highest blessings even of his own joy and happiness Of which he gives us strong assurance in that he lets us pertake not only of the blood of the Sacrifice in this figure and representation but of the blood of that Sacrifice which was offered for the sins of the world This bids us rest assured of his abundant grace and not doubt of our acceptance with him to a participation of his highest favour There is nothing now to hinder it nor to make us call in question his merciful kindness toward us For we have such a token and pledg of forgiveness of our sins by this Sacrifice as the ancient people of God had not of the forgivness of their offences by the blood that was offered at Gods Altar They were not admitted to taste of that blood as we are of the blood of Jesus and so could not have that boldness and access with confidence to God which we have through the faith of him Luk. 22.20 1 Cor. 11.25 compared with Mat. 26.28 This seems to be one great secret of this Sacrament as appears from the words of S. Luke and S. Paul who tell us that this Cup which we drink of is the New Covenant in Christs blood which was shed for the remission of sins We are received by doing this into that gracious Covenant which assures us of forgiveness through his blood He gives us a right to those benefits of which that is the first which he obtained by his obedience to the death Which is the import also of the word Communion used by S. Paul to express the effect of this Sacrament 1 Cor. 10.16 The Cup of blessing which we bless is it not the Communion of the blood of Christ The bread which we break is it not the Communion of the body of Christ In its full signification that phrase denotes not merely our being made of his Society but our having a Communication of his body and his blood unto us * So the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is rendred in other
this is sufficient to shew what the Sacrifice is which we make when we do this and that our Church now doth that which the Ancient did By feasting upon this Sacrifice we not only commemorate that oblation of himself with the Sacrifice of Praise and Thanksgiving but likewise offer up our selves to him to be intirely his As will appear more fully in the next consideration which is this By this Action we make a solemn Profession of the Christian Religion and declare our selves to be the Disciples and followers of Jesus to whom we joyn our selves in fellowship So much is the rational consequence of what hath been said For by eating of the Sacrifices offered at the Altar both Jews and Gentiles professed themselves to be the Worshippers and Servants of that God to whom the oblation was made And secondly it may be rationally drawn from that discourse of our Saviours with the Jews in the Sixth of S. Johns Gospel Where eating his flesh and drinking his blood v. 51 53 54 c. signify nothing else but believing * See v. 29 35.47 the word and keeping the Precepts which Christ published in our flesh and sealed with his Blood This is honestly acknowledged by a Learned Person in the Church of Rome who gives the sense of those verses in these two lines They are nourished with the flesh of Christ to eternal life who keep the sayings of Christ incarnate ‖ Carne Christi nutriuntur in vitam aeternam qui Sermones Christi incarnati servant Rigaltius in Cypr. Epist 1. Which he expresses more largely in another place The words of eternal life which Peter acknowledged our Saviour had are the Commands saith he which he gave when he was in Flesh among men For therefore he was made Flesh that in the Flesh or Body of man he might procure their Salvation and form them to eternal life Therefore the words which Christ spake in flesh the Gospel of Christ is the flesh of Christ These words this flesh this meat Christ would have us eat ruminate and digest that being nourished thereby we may profit to eternal life * Idem in Epist 55. Annot. a. Thus S. Peter understood our Lord when he answered at the end of that discourse to his Question will ye go away To whom should we go thou hast the words of eternal life v. 68. And thus Christ explains himself v. 63. where he saith his discourse was not to be understood so grosly as the Jews apprehended it but in a more spiritual and divine manner His meaning was to be conceived as if he had said unless you really receive me notwithstanding my being crucified as God speaking to you in flesh and so conform your selves to my Doctrine you cannot be saved And indeed this eating and drinking which now he call'd them unto could be nothing else but receiving him and his Doctrine for the Sacrament of his Body and Blood was not yet instituted But when it was then I make account they who did eat of this Bread and drink of this Cup in Commemoration of Christ were to look upon it as a devout Profession of that Faith in him and Obedience to him without which we cannot inherit eternal life We declare by this Action the intire assent of our minds to the Truth of all that he preached when he was in our flesh and the unfeigned consent of our Wills to be ordered and governed according to it Hence perhaps it was that this Action came to be called the Sacrament which was the ancient name for our whole Religion * As may be seen in S. Cyprian Lactanâ—ius c. in innumerable places because here we make the most solemn Profession of the Christian Religion as the Jews did of the Mosaical when they did eat before God of the Sacrifices offered on his Altar Thus much I am sure of in the third place that the whole discourse of S. Paul is to this sense when he calls the Cup of blessing which we bless the Communion of the Blood of Christ and the Bread which we break the Communion of the body of Christ 1 Cor. 10.16 That is an Holy Action whereby we declare our Society and fellowship with Christ and that we are of his Religion in opposition to all others Which we shall easily discern to be the Apostles meaning if we take but the pains to consider what it is that he goes about to prove in those eight verses from v. 14. to 22. It is nothing but this That if they did Communicate with Christ in the Cup of Blessing and Breaking of Bread then they must flee from all Idolatrous Services and not pertake in them The consequence saith he is manifest to any understanding person as I take you to be For to Communicate with him in that manner is as much as to acknowledg Jesus only to be the Lord to honour and worship him to profess that you belong to him and to joyn your selves in fellowship with him Which he proves first from the intention of the Feasts upon the Jewish Sacrifices of which whosoever did eat he thereby became of that Religion and professed to worship that God at whose Altar which Malachi calls his Table Mal. 1.7 that meat was offered in honour of him And secondly from the Religious Feasts among the Gentiles whose Sacrifices being offered to Daemons whosoever did eat of them thereby he made an acknowledgment of their Deity and that he was one of their Servants and Worshippers Which instances carry in them this general reason that the eating continually of any ones meat signifies us to be of his Family or his Friends and familiar acquaintance and so this Religious eating at their Tables and of their meat was a token and a declaration of Friendship and Society with God or with Daemons and by consequence this must be the meaning of our pertaking of the Table of the Lord. From which premisses the Apostle concluds with the greatest force of reason that all those who made this profession of being Members of Christs Body and belonging to the Christian Society or Corporation v. 17. by pertaking of Christs Table and eating of his Meat must have nothing to do with the Tables of Daemons For this would be to jumble the most contrary and inconsistent things together to worship God and Baal too to be the servants of Christ and the servants of the Devil Whereas in truth by honouring them in eating of their Sacrifices they did in effect renounce Christ And by Communicating with Christ at his Table they did re-renounce them For he came to destroy the works of the devil 1 Joh. 3.8 and Idolatry in the first place wherein that worship and service was paid to the devil which was due to God alone You must address your selves then to the Table of the Lord as the friends of Jesus Christ on purpose to profess that you believe on him and are of his Religion and mean to cleave unto him and
so we offer I told you and present our selves our Souls and Bodies to God to be a lively holy and acceptable Sacrifice unto him Now the very life of the Beast which was offered in Sacrifice was given to God its Blood being shed at the Altar And therefore the compleat meaning of this phrase and of this action of offering our selves to be Sacrifices to God is this that we part with our selves so intirely and are so absolutely devoted to him that it shall not be in our power afterward to recal this gift no not though we die for it As the beast that was offered to God was no longer the owners and the Blood which is the life saith he himself became appropriated wholly to his uses so the grant we make of our selves to God at his Altar is irrevocable we are no longer our own but his and cannot resume our selves any more into our own disposal but if he will have our very life it must be at his service This was one reason I make no doubt of receiving the Sacrament so oft in the beginning of our Religion that they might fortifie their holy resolution of following Christ to his Cross and dying for the testimony of his Truth to which they expected continually to be called I have the authority of an holy Martyr S. Cyprian for it who tells us in his Book upon the Lords Prayer that in his Church they Communicated every day which custom remained till S. Hieromes time at Rome and in Spain One great end of it was that they might be well appointed against the assaults of their enemies and have courage as good Souldiers of Christ Jesus to march after him even unto the death For the same person giving an account in one of his letters * Epist 54. Cornelio why he would receive to the peace of the Church certain persons that had faln away in time of persecution but now bewailed their fault and resolved to be more constant hereafter saith that he saw a new storm arising and was assured by divine admonitions and tokens that a more furious conflict would be renewed And therefore it was necessary to receive them into Communion again whom he exhorts to fight valiantly and play the men that so they might not be left naked and unarmed but be strengthned by the protection of Christs Body and Blood For since the Eucharist is designed for that end that it may be a defence or safeguard to them that receive it we arm those with the Ammunition of the Lords fulness ‖ Munimento Dominicae Saturitatis whom we would have to be safe from the adversary For how can we teach and provoke those to pour out their blood in the confession of his name to whom we deny the blood of Christ when they are about to fight Or how can we make them fit for the Cup of Martyrdom if we do not first admit them by a right of Communication to drink the Cup of the Lord in the Church He cannot be fit for Martyrdom who is not armed by the Church for the war That heart will fail which by receiving the Eucharist is not lifted up and inflamed By which last words it is clear that the minds of believers were raised up by the Eucharist and had a holy zeal inkindled in them to follow Christ in sufferings The Priests who celebrated the Sacrifices of God every day as he speaks in the same Epistle prepared Sacrifices and Victimes to be offered to God For remembring the blood of Jesus and being touched with a sense of his love to them they went full of heat and courage as those who had made a sworn agreement to suffer death valiantly which Christ underwent for their Salvation And in his next Epistle but one which is an exhortation to Martyrdom he calls upon the people of Thibaris to arm their right hand with the spiritual sword speaking according to the manner in those days when they received the Eucharist into their hand as we do now and not into their mouth as the fashion is in the present Church of Rome that they might never stretch it forth to Idolatrous sacrifices but being mindful of the Eucharist that hand which received the body of the Lord might embrace him and hold him fast and receive hereafter the reward of coelestial Crowns The like we read in his Book concerning those that fell away in a time of suffering when other mens mouths sanctified with the coelestial meat after the body and blood of the Lord refused to taste the profane infections and reliques of Idols I shall add no more but the words of another Writer * de Cardinal operibus Christ Cap. de Coena Dom. under his name which are very significant When we celebrate the Sacrament saith he we are admonished to ruminate and chew over and over again the example of our Lord that his passion may be alway in memory and the punishments of death may not terrifie the Heirs of the Crucified but they may feed and refresh themselves with the joyful solemnities of a timely resurrection O how excellent is this Cup How religious is the excess of this Drink by which we are divinely out of our selves and forgetting the things that are behind reach forward to those that are before And losing the sense of this world and contemning the delights of the purpled rich man we cleave to the Cross and suck the blood and lay our tongues in the wounds of our Redeemer They were transported he means by the thoughts of Christs death beyond themselves and thought of nothing but dying for him if he called them to it preferring his Cross which they carried always in their mind before the greatest riches and glory in the World And with the same affections should we be inspired when we make the same Commemoration of him professing we had rather die than dishonour him and his religion by denying them Vowing our very life to be expended upon his account if there be occasion for it This being a Feast as I told you upon a Sacrifice we ingage by doing this that we will become a bloody Sacrifice to him if his will be that we should be offered up for his service It being a Communion participation or fellowship with him if he will have us to pertake and have fellowship with him in his sufferings we here express our selves to be well contented We Vnite and joyn our selves to the Crucified Jesus and so profess that if he will have us bear his Cross we will not deny him Nay we declare that we will glory in nothing so much as in the Cross of Christ that we will rejoyce in tribulation and think it is given to us as an honour to suffer with him For a feast is a joyful meeting and therefore our eating and drinking at this feast shews that we will not think he feeds us with gall and wormwood when we induce any thing for his names sake but that
places Gal. 6.6 Phil. 4.15 of which we pertake by eating this bread and drinking this Cup in remembrance of his death for the remission of sin And so we beseech our merciful Father in the Prayer of Consecration which our Church prescribes that we receiving these his Creatures of bread and wine according to his Son our Saviours holy institution in remembrance of his death and Passion may be pertakers of his most blessed body and blood For after the bread and wine are deputed by holy prayer to God to be used for a Commemoration of Christs death though they do not cease to be what they were before yet they begin to be something which they were not before this Consecration That is they become now to us visible signs of an inward and spiritual grace and do not merely figure to us the breaking of Christs body and the shedding of his blood but are a pledg of that inward and spiritual grace which they represent What that grace is we are taught in our Catechism when it tells us that it is the body and blood of Christ which are verily and indeed received of the faithful in the Lords Supper That is they have a real part and portion given them in the death and sufferings of the Lord Jesus whose body was broken and blood shed for remission of sins They truly and indeed pertake of the vertue of his bloody Sacrifice whereby he hath obtained an eternal redemption for us This is the meaning sure of pertaking of his body and blood which are here communicated Because this bread and wine do not become his body and blood by ceasing to be bread and wine but by tendring them to us as a spiritual grace Their efficacy therefore and vertue by the divine favour is made ours All the effects and benefits of his passion are imparted to us In short there is nothing which the body and blood of Christ can be to the spirits of men but by these tokens he exhibits it to us and gives us an interest in it This is spiritually to eat his flesh and drink his blood as both our Church and the ancient speak Our souls intertain and feast themselves upon his Sacrifice being really made pertakers of whatsoever his body and blood can do for them Which S. Gregory Nazianzen meant I should think when he saith that these oblations are the Communication of the Incarnation of God and of the sufferings of God * in his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Tom. 2. Jamb 15. How doth he communicate to us his Incarnation but by giving us the fruits and benefits of it and so he communicates to us his broken body and his blood that was shed We pertake of both in the same manner We are admitted to participate of the secret of the sufferings of Christ as he speaks in another place ‡ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Orat. 40. and by means of this Sacrament are vested in the merit of them And thus indeed the bread and wine are changed not by abolishing their substance but by turning them to this divine use to which they are deputed by prayer according to Christs institution to tender to us the spiritual grace of the body and blood of our Saviour The principal part of which grace is remission of sin For sin being done away death the fruit of sin is abolished he graciously restores us to the priviledg of immortality which we had lost and in order to it assures us he will not fail to communicate the grace of his holy spirit to assist and further us in our way to everlasting bliss We may be satisfied that he will send a living vertue into our spirits to quicken excite and strengthen us to do according to our Vows and ingagements that so we may continue in his love as he continued in his Fathers love by keeping his Commandments For this is the nature and office of all Sacramental pledges to assure us of the good will of God and of his truth in fulfilling his gracious promises He ingages to be faithful to us by giving them as we ingage our selves to be faithful to him by receiving them God bids us believe that we shall be accepted in his beloved nay he puts us in possession of all that which the Gospel promises and the Sacrifice of Christ on the Cross obtained to us mercy grace and peace remission of sin the power of the Holy Ghost and eternal life Thus the prayer of Consecration runs in the ancient Liturgies into which though many things are foisted sutable to the conceits of later times yet they contain sundry expressions of Christian devotion worthy of those who are called the Authors of them Bless this Bread and this wine saith that ascribed to S. Chrysostom make it to be the body and blood of thy Son c. that it may be to all that pertake of it for the washing of the Soul the forgiveness of sin the communication of the Holy Spirit c. And a little after Make us worthy to pertake of thy heavenly and dreadful mysteries of this holy and spiritual Table with a pure Conscience for the remission of sin the pardon of our offences the communication of the Holy Spirit the inheriting the Kingdom of Heaven and confidence before thee not for judgment or condemnation In that also which goes under the name of S. James to mention no more we find these words Be merciful to us O God according to thy great mercy and send upon us and upon these gifts thy Holy Spirit that it may sanctifie and make this bread the holy body of thy Christ and this Cup the pretious blood of thy Christ that they may be to all those who receive them for the remission of sin and for eternal life the sanctification of body and soul the bringing forth the fruit of good works and the establishing of thy holy Catholick and Apostolick Church which thou hast founded upon the ROCK OF FAITH that the gates of hell may not prevail against it c. The meaning of which words make this Bread the Body of thy Christ c. are so well expounded in the Service of the Roman Church by the addition only of these two words TO VS as if their forefathers had studied to prevent that gross conceit which now they have entertained * Our Writers have shewn often enough that the fancy of transubstantiation is not countenanced by the service of that Church which teaches it For the Prayer there concerning the Bread and wine is that they may become to us the body and blood of thy wel-beloved Son our Lord Jesus Christ God doth not make them so in themselves by changing their substance but unto us by their change from the common to this Spiritual use Nor doth the prayer now mentioned for the Holy Spirit to come and sanctifie them and make them his body to us c. suggest any such thing as a change of their substance For the ancient writers
clearly discern that I may touch on this by the way that he did not believe the Wine in this Sacrament was turned in substance into the blood of Christ but only in representation and use For it begun to be his blood when it was offered to God just as the water begun to be the people and flock of Christ He uses the same words of both And therefore if we say he thought the wine was changed from its own nature into the very substance of Christs blood we may as well say he believed the water to be changed from being water and to be made the very substance of his Church or people In the like manner we may discourse concerning the bread which in his opinion is so made Christs body that it is also the body of the Church For that is represented he saith together with Christ by the flour and water made into one Bread But not to trouble our selves any further with disputes let us therefore when we pertake of the Table of the Lord think that as thereby we are made one with Christ so we are joyned in the closest Union one with another And let us remember when we are making our selves ready for this heavenly Feast that as we are going to commemorate the dearest love of our Lord and to profess our love to him so to engage our selves to the heartiest love towards all the members of the same body to enter into a Covenant one with another as well as with him by eating of the same bread and drinking of the same Cup that we will never fall out any more much less hate maligne or do despite and injuries one to another but live for ever in the peace of God in unity and godly love O that this holy use of this Sacrament were more seriously regarded and laid to heart It would make a marvellous change in the face of Christs Church if all that pertake of his Table did cordially embrace as loving friends and resolve to remain in an inseparable affection For Love or Brotherly charity is the fulfilling of the Law and would certainly secure all thoses duties which we owe to our Neighbour as S. Paul shews Rom. 13.8 9 10. If our hearts were filled with it we should not only be preserved from doing of him harm but it would make us do him good By giving and communicating to his necessities * Which is joyned with breakinâ— br◠〈…〉 us â—ship and by forgiving him and passing by his injuries trespasses and offences under which two heads are comprehended all the offices of brotherly charity We have our Saviours word for it that if this heavenly vertue were but planted in our breasts all other Christian vertues would presently shine in us and adorn our souls For he compares this loving and kind disposition free from all base selfishness and covetous desires which look only at their own particular profit to the eye in our head which when it is clear and pure the whole body is full of light Matth. 6.22 And therefore the oftner we come to the Lords Table with this end among other in our aim the better Christians we shall grow We shall preserve this light that is in us from growing dim and renewing our friendship at this feast to which the Lord invites both high and low rich and poor we shall neither despise nor envy nor bear ill will nor be hard hearted one to another any more Nay our light will so shine before men that they seeing our good works will glorify our Father which is in Heaven It is a maxim I observe among Politicians that a great person or Governor should Feast or entertain but seldom upon some special occasions because it is uncertain whether he shall procure by it favour or envy Some may think themselves neglected and others think themselves disparaged who are not able to give the same entertainment But our Lord upon the quite contrary reasons invites us frequently to his house and Table because he invites all and makes no difference upon account of mens outward estates and expects nothing at all again but that all his Guests would love one another with a sincere heart and unfeigned affection The great he would ingage not to scorn the meaner sort and the meaner sort not to envy the great He would oblige the rich to be merciful and liberal and the poor to be thankful and contented The weak in knowledge not to judg the strong and the strong not to despise the weak but all to live together as loving Brethren and members of the same body That so they may have the same care one for another And whether one member suffer all the members may suffer with it or one member rejoyce all the rest may rejoyce with it And whatsoever differences may arise he conjures them by all that is sacred and dear to them that they fall not out nor make any quarrels much less divide and separate themselves one from another or do any thing that may spoil the harmony and consent of their affections together with the comfort of their lives and the beauty of his Church O how good Psal 133.1 4. how pleasant it is should every one say when he is at this feast for Brethren to dwell together in Vnity Heaven and Earth are pleased with this happy agreement and sweet accord Here the Lord commandeth a blessing even life for evermore Never will I make any jars in this heavenly consort Nothing but love nothing but Love shall possess that heart in which thou O Lord of love art pleased to inhabit I willingly enter into these holy bonds of friendship and peace I ty my self here inseparably to all my Brethren I embrace them all in every place with an open and inlarged heart I will ever endeavour to keep the Vnity of the Spirit in the bond of peace and will love not in word nor tongue but in deed and in truth And O that we could see that holy Spirit which gathered so many Nations and tongues and people of sundry sorts into one body of the Church descending once more to joyn together all Christian hearts Come holy Ghost and draw us all to unity concord and peace That as there is one Lord and one spirit and one Baptism Ephes 4.3.4 5. Act. 4.32 and one hope of our calling so the multitude of believers may be of one heart and of one soul O blessed Jesus who when thou ascendedst up on high gavest gifts to men yea to the rebellious also renew thy ancient bounty to thine Universal Church Visit our minds and inspire us with heavenly grace that we may be like minded Phil. 2.2 having the same love being of one accord and one mind That so at last there may be but one voice also that we may all speak the same thing 1 Cor. 1.20 and that there be no divisions among us but that we be perfectly joyned together in the same mind and in
grateful mention of all the benefits he hath bestowed on us and intends unto us and to all our Christian Brethren whose concernments should be very dear unto us as well as our own And truly the ancient Church were so much in love with this duty that they gave thanks to God for all good things the benefits we enjoy by all his creatures as well as for our redemption by his Son Jesus Because this feast accompanied that of Charity in which their bodies were fed as in this their Souls and because of the offerings they then made of some of the fruits of the Earth as we do now of money in lieu of them for an acknowledgment to God that he was the Author of all the blessings which they enjoyed But this alwayes made the principal part of their acknowledgments that God had sent his Son into the world to save sinners And therefore as our Church teaches us in the exhortation just before the Communion above all things we must give most humble and hearty thanks to God the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost for the redemption of the world by the death and Passion of our Saviour Christ both God and man who did humble himself even to the death upon the Cross for us miserable sinners who lay in darkness and the shadow of death that he might make us the children of God and exalt us to everlasting life Without which thanksgiving to speak the truth we do not do that which Christ commanded and so cannot hope for the blessing he hath promised Hear S. Chrysostom in stead of all that treat of this matter who excellently declares the manner and reason of this Thanksgiving Homil. 25. in Matth. p. 178. Edit sav in a Sermon of his upon Eighth chapter of S. Matthew A perpetual memory saith he and thanksgiving for a good turn is the best way that can be found to secure and preserve it to us And therefore the dreadful mysteries and full of Salvation which we celebrate in every assembly are called the Eucharist because they are a commemoration of many benefits and shew forth the principal piece of divine Providence and dispose us always to give him thanks For if to be born of a virgin was a great wonder what was it to be crucified to shed his blood for us and to give himself to us for a Feast and a Spiritual banquet what shall we call this where shall we place it we can do no less than give him thanks perpetually Let this precede both our words and works and let us give him thanks not only for our own good things but for those of others For by this means we shall destroy envy and bind charity faster and make it more genuine and of a kindly nature For a man will not be able to envy them any more for whom he gives thanks unto his Master And therefore the Priest when this Sacrifice is in hand bids us thank God for the whole world for what is past and what is present and for those things that are to come This sets us free from the Earth and translates us to Heaven and of men makes us Angels For they making a Quire gave thanks to God for the good things he bestowed on us saying Glory be to God in the highest on earth peace good will towards men Thou wilt say perhaps what are they to us they live not upon the earth nor are men like unto our selves It is all one for that this signifies very much to us For we are taught hereby to love our fellow servants so as to account their happiness to be our own Let us do so then giving thanks perpetually for our own blessings for others for little for great or rather there are none little that come from God And that I may pass by other things which are more than the sand for multitude what is there comparable to this dispensation For that only begotten son of his who was more pretious to him than all things besides hath he given for us enemies And not only given him but after that gift set him before us for our Table doing all things himself for us both to give and then to make us thankful for his gifts For mankind being generally ungrateful he undertakes throughout and doth all things for us himself And what he did for the Jews putting them in mind of his benefits from PLACES and TIMES and FEASTS that he hath done here from a kind of Sacrifice casting us into a perpetual remembrance of the good he hath wrought for us None labours so much that we should be approved and great and ingenuous as God who made us And therefore he doth us good oftimes even against our will and gives us many good things which we know not of It is but reason then that whatsoever we do in word or deed we should do all in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ giving thanks to God and the Father by him Coloss 3.17 which Theodoret refers to this business There being those saith he that required them to worship Angels the Apostle enjoyns the contrary that they should adorn their words and deeds with the memory of our Master Christ and send up thanksgivings to God the Father by him and not by Angels To him we should address all our Services in a grateful remembrance of his love in Jesus and as our Communion Book excellently expresses it we should give him as we are most bounden continual thanks submitting our selves wholly to his holy will and pleasure and studying to serve him in true holiness and righteousness all the days of our life But especially when we go to this holy Communion we should enter into his gates with thanksgiving and into his courts with praise we should be thankful unto him and bless his name Saying Great is the Lord and greatly to be praised Psal 145.3 his greatness is unsearchable Great and marvellous are thy works Rev. 15.3 O Lord God Almighty just and true are thy ways thou king of Saints Psal 106.2 Who can utter the mighty acts of the Lord who can shew forth all his praise 100.3 He made us and not we our selves 116.8 we are his people and the sheep of his pasture He holdeth our souls in life and keepeth our eyes from tears and our feet from falling 66.9 36.6 Thou Lord preservest man and beast 145.15 16 Thou givest food to all flesh The eyes of all wait on thee and thou givest them their meat in due season Thou openest thy hand and satisfiest the desire of every living thing 34.3 O magnify the Lord with me and let us exalt his name together O give thanks unto the Lord for he is good and his mercy endureth for ever Psa 136.1 2 23 24. O give thanks unto the God of Gods for his mercy endureth for ever 138.1.149.6 Who remembred us in our low estate for his mercy endureth for
you and all that I desire of you is that you would continue in my love If you keep my Commandments you shall abide in my love Joh. 15.9 10 14. even as I have kept my Fathers Commandment and abide in his love This is the token I would have of your kindness to me Ye are my friends if you do whatsoever I command you Nothing else do I request of you but that you would not hurt your selves by sinning against my love that you would henceforth live unto me who dyed for you Come I beseech you now and assure me that you love me Renew your covenant of friendship with me By taking eating and drinking this that I give you plight me your faith that you will be ever true unto me And then I will be your security against the curse and the condemnation which you dread I will undertake for you that all your sins shall be pardoned Nay I will present you fair and beautiful before my Father as if you had been always innocent Take my word for it that I will deliver you from the wrath to come and give you the blessing of eternal life If you doubt at all of it come hither take this bread and drink this cup as sure as you now receive these your sins shall be blotted out and never remembred in the great day of judgment By these tokens I give you an interest in my death and sufferings I oblige my self by these sensible signs to perform all my promises I seal to you that gracious Covenant which was made in my blood As certainly as I dyed I assure you that you shall live for ever Only as I said do not deny me your hearty love Grant me this small request to correspond with me in sincere affection And by eating and drinking here at my Table tye your selves to be my faithful servants Then I allow you to begin now the joys of Heaven Nay I require you to rejoyce in my salvation to comfort your selves in my promises to solace your souls in the hope of my glory and to sing the Song of Angels which shall end and be completed in eternal Hallelujahs Praise ye the Lord. It is no dream and mere imagination I assure you Christian Readers no vain fancy that you entertain your selves withal if you conceive our Lord thus discoursing to you at his Table For all this is in effect pronounced by the Bread and wine which represent his pretious body and blood When they are broken and poured out before your eyes and offered to you to eat and drink in commemoration of of his death they report unto you his great love and declare the agonies and pains which he indured and give you assurance by authority from him that he will never cease to bless you and do you good And therefore you cannot better affect your hearts and raise your devotion to him in my opinion than by expounding their meaning to your selves and thinking you hear him uttering by them such words unto you as I have now mentioned And will it be possible then that you should be altogether silent and answer never a word unto him Can you find nothing to return to so kind and gracious a declaration of the bowels of his mercy towards you Or will it be hard to tell him your heart who hath so freely opened his unto you No man sure can be mute unless he be astonisht and struck dumb at the power and mightiness of his incomprehensible charity This may indeed justly strike us all with the greatest admiration and hold us a while in wondring thoughts that we should be thus beloved of God It will well become us to be amazed and lost in our thoughts to be unable to do any thing at the first hearing of all these things but only marvel that he should be so kind to such wretched sinners We cannot begin this action better than in a soul-full of thoughts not to be expressed In a silent admiration that the God of Heaven should thus graciously visit us manifesting himself in our flesh giving his Son to die for us and inventing so many ways to make us rest assured of his love towards us But when you have recovered your selves out of this passion how many other shall you feel strugling in your souls which shall first present themselves unto him Do but stay and pause a while upon every part of the foregoing words and you will find all sorts of resentments in your heart which you may cast into this order and thus address your reply unto him You may be very much ashamed that you should give him so great trouble and put him to such pains First to die and then to find out so many ways to remember you of his death and perswade you of his never dying love You may say to him in your heart O my Lord I blush to see my soul so foul that nothing less than thy pretious blood would serve to wash and cleanse it I am confounded to see thee in such a case for us who cared not how vile and base and miserable we were What have we done that we should bring thee to a Cross O what wretches were we that we should understand the love of God no better than to stand in need of such an instance of it with what confidence can we behold thee thus battered and bruised thus wounded and bloody thus full of pain and anguish as thou representest thy self unto us I am asham'd to think that we have exposed thee to such ignominy and shame I am grieved at the heart that we have made thee a man of sorrows And our infidelity O how great is it that after thou wast pleased to indure all this for us we should stand in need of such frequent remonstrances of it and be in danger to forget thee or distrust thee unless thou didst continually thus present thy self unto us and assure us of thy good will towards us O my Lord how shall I present my self before thee who am one of those that have occasioned all this care and pain this agony and passion this sweat and this blood I sigh to remember the many groans which we have made thy heart ake withal It wounds my ears to hear those words My God my God why hast thou forsaken me I am ready to ask thy pardon even that thou art come at such a rate to pardon us It is too much too much but that thou art love it self to spend all this love and kindness upon such insensible and ungrateful sinners Thus having begun to make your addresses to him you may proceed in the second place Humbly to acknowledg your unworthiness to be guests to so great a person as he is Though we cannot if we understand the nature of this feast but come with as thirsty a desire to it as the chafed Hart to the streams of water with as hungry an appetite as a poor man to a full Table or a covetous
keep my body inâ—eâ—perance soberness and chastity Not to coâ—â— nor desire other mens goods but to learn aâ—â— labour truly to get mine own living and to 〈◊〉 my duty in that state of life unto which it shâ—â— please God to call me I desire also the good of all mankind that they may partake of the knowledge of the Lord and enjoy the fruits of his Death and Resurrection especially that all Christian people may walk worthy of the Lord who hath called them to his Heavenly Kingdom And particularly all Kings Princes and Governours may be as careful to observe his Laws as they are desirous others should observe theirs That they may remember the honour thou cast done them in exalting them so â—igh to the end they may imitate thee 〈◊〉 doing good to all below them Purge out of thy Church every thing â—hat dishonours the Religion of our Lord and endangers Souls Unite â—ll the members of it in the profession of the true Faith and in sincere Charity that the poor may be relieved the sick comforted the fatherless and widows visited in their affliction sinners â—eclaimed the obstinate softned and all that are in unbelief brought into the â—â—ock of Jesus Christ And grant unto us all that havâ— Communicated together this day thaâ— peace which passeth all understanding humility meekness obedience fortâ—tude contentedness patience longinâ— desires after Heaven and willingneâ—â— to die that we may rest in an hoâ—â— Hope and have a blessed Resurrectioâ— with the just Amen December The Meditation before the Sacrament NEed I be told after a whole years service at least of my blessed Master Jesus what that duty is I am now going to perform unto him Am I not preparing my self according to his command to make a solemn commemoration before God Angels and Men of his unheard of love in dying for us To make a profession of my sincere love and affection to him To engage to him my fidelity To renew the Covenant that is between us To open my heart to him and to confirm to him the most absolute possession of my Soul and Body To wait on him for his continued grace and that I may feel the â—ower of his Death and Resurrection To â—â—ow him my willingness even to take up â—is Cross and to be his Disciple and follower to the very death To testifie the â—ove I bear unto and the Communion I desire to hold with all the Christians that â—re throughout the world To exalt the â—ame of the Lord and to speak his praises who would give his Son for us and who hath condescended to a treaty of peace with us and upon such easie terms to become friends with us yea reward us and do great things for us O how sweet is the remembrance of these blessings How happy am I that he will not let me forget them But with a continued kindness invites me again to this delightful employment I will go and give him thanks for all his benefits and for this among the rest that he hath made me so often partaker of his blessed Body and Bloud and now gives me a new opportunity to celebrate in this manner the memory of his love And O that my heart were lifted higher than ever after so long acquaintance with him in admiration of his grace in faith in love in joy in praise and thanksgiving in strong and vehement desires and in cordial resolutions to be his devout and faithful Disciple O that the hearts of all men else who shall approach his Table may be disposed to the like zeal and fervent affection to his service and so many Souls as there are then present so many living Sacrifices there may be to God so many wills resigned into his hands with ardent love That so those holy Spirits which the Apostle tells us were present in their Christian assemblies may be invited to come into ours And beholding nothing but what is reverend serious pure and full of true devotion they may be excited to rejoyce and praise God together with us for our sincere affection to his Religion And they may make report among their Heavenly company above that Christian piety is still remaining in the world and that we have made a great increase in growth in it this year by our frequent remembrance of the Lord Jesus which may stir them up all to bless the great and glorious name of our God which is exalted above all blessing and praise The Lord hath prepared his Throne in the Heavens and his Kingdom ruleth over all Psal 103. Bless the Lord ye Angels of his Bless him all his hosts Bless him all ye works of his in all places of his dominion Bless the Lord O my Soul Stir up thy self to bless the name of God our Saviour who hath not cast us out of his sight when we threw off our obedience to him but sent his Son to gather us again to him to invite us by precious promises to endear himself to us by shedding his heart bloud for us to open the gate of Paradise again and restore us to immortality to make us equal with the Angels and rank us among the eldest sons of glory Let us go and if it be possible excite a greater love in our heart toward him than ever we felt before Let us offer up our selves to him with a stronger flame of devotion which may always burn and rise up higher and higher till it touch heaven and lift us up thither where our Saviour is in the high and holy place God blessed for ever Amen The Prayer before ETernal God whose omnipotent word brought me and this whole world of creatures into being Out of the fulness of whose goodness we are all fed and maintained and by whose rich and abundant grace it is that our souls are not in a desperate and forsaken condition but may approach with some confidence to thee our Maker who in thy Son hast revealed thy self unto us a most merciful Father I fall down before thee in an humble reverence to perform that Religious duty which I owe thee as thy creature and much more as thy redeemed one through the purchase thou hast made of us by the blood of Jesus I admire adore and love all that I know of thee I extol and praise thy wisdom thy bounty thy holiness and truth which endureth for ever I acknowledg my self beholden to thee beyond all my words or conceptions either I reproach my self for my base ingratitude and all the wrongs I have done thee I confess the justice of thy proceedings shouldst thou strip me of all those good things thou hast bestowed on me I give thee the glory of thy ineffable and never enough to be valued love in thy Son Christ I disclaim all opposition to thy will as base unjust and unaccountable I vow to thee my intire service and obedience and approve all thy Commandments as righteous wise and good I lay new bonds upon my self to keep and
hast done such great things for me bear still mercifully with me exercise more of thy patience and show thy self exceeding great in forbearance and long suffering towards me Thou who hast given thy Son unto me vouchsafe to send thy Holy Spirit to over-shadow my Soul and form Christ Jesus within me That conceiving him in my heart by a lively faith and belief of his Gospel I may be made partaker of a Divine nature and express him in his holiness meekness humility patience charity contentedness and simplicity in perfect innocence in doing good and entire satisfaction in thy fatherly love O that the new life to which I am born by the incorruptible seed of thy Word which liveth and abideth for ever 1 P t. 1.23 and for the nourishment of which thou hast provided this holy Feast of which I have now partaked may encrease unto a perfect age to the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ that so at last I may be begotten again from the dead and be a child of the resurrection to live for ever with the Lord. And for that end dispose my heart as a new born babe to desire the sincere milk of thy Word that I may grow thereby That since thou hast caused thy Holy Scriptures to be written for our learning I may in such wise hear them read mark learn and inwardly digest them that I may obey from the heart that form of Doctrine Rom. 6.17 whereunto I have been delivered and by patience and comfort of thy Word embrace and ever hold fast the blessed hope of everlasting life which thou hast given us in our Saviour Jesus Christ Vouchsafe good Lord so to direct and govern me that I may never profane this Body which thou hast so sanctified honoured and exalted by intemperance or any impurity nor this Soul which is so dear to thee by pride or envy hatred or malice wrath or revenge covetousness or discontent But I may repose a perfect trust and confidence in thee for what I want seeing thou hast not with-held thy Son thine only Son from us and be thankful for what I enjoy and live in the love of thee my God and of all my Brethren and possess my body in sanctification and in honour that I may humbly wait for thy mercy in Christ Jesus to eternal life Help me this very day to begin to use all bodily good things with holy fear with thanksgiving with pity to the poor and needy with a sense of spiritual delights and hungerings after righteousness and with most earnest longings after that feast of joy and gladness which we hope to keep with thee in the Heavens O that all the world may hear the glad tidings of a Saviour that there may be great joy among all people Let all the people praise thee O God let all the people praise thee Let them lift up their hands unto thee in his name and bow their knees unto him and let every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord to the glory of God the Father And O that all they who do confess him may have their conversation as becomes the Gospel and be continually offering up the Sacrifices of praise and thanksgiving and be communicating and doing good Kings of the Earth and all People Psal 148.11 12 13. Princes and all Judges of the Earth Both young men and maidens old men and children Let them praise the Name of the Lord that God in all things may be glorified through Christ Jesus to whom be praise and dominion 1 Pâ—t 4.11 for ever and ever Amen On Newyears-day if there be a Communion may be added this short Meditation LEt us consider my Soul before we go to the Holy Table for what ends we go thither and with what hearts we ought to go Is it not to admire the greatness of Gods love in giving his Son to us and the greatness of Christs love in giving himself for us Is it not to render our highest thanks and praise to the Father and the Son for this inestimable love in giving his bloud a ransom for us and then to offer up our selves wholly to his love Is it not to renew our Baptismal Covenant wherein we promised to forsake all his enemies and to lead a mortified life in all obedience to his will To represent to God what his Son hath done for us and humbly to hope in him for all the benefits of his passion To receive encrease of power to overcome the world and further testimonies of his love and stronger desires after the consummation of it in Heavenly bliss To unite our heart in Brotherly affection to all the faithful servants of Jesus and to rejoyce in the holy Communion of Christ and his Saints O blessed Jesus who can have hearts disposed to do all this without thee I come to thee therefore that thou wilt represent thy self most lively to me If I could have seen thee hanging on the Cross or if thou wouldest appear to me as thou didst to Saul if the Heavens were opened and I could behold thee as did St. Steven what strange passions what holy affections would it raise up in my heart Open thine eyes my Soul heartily and strongly believe and thy joy shall be full He will be in the midst of us when we are assembled together in his Name according as he promised He presents himself before us in these Signs of his Body and Bloud Behold how the Word was made flesh how he was Circumcised and fulfilled the Law under which he was born that he might be a pure and unspotted offering to God See how he was whipt and scourged for thy sake See how he suffered upon the Cross how his Body was broken and his heart-Bloud poured out to reconcile us unto God And then thou canst not but come with a thankful heart and with an humble reverent and devout affection present thy self unto him bitterly bewailing thy offences chearfully resigning thy self to his will and joyfully hoping for his mercy When he saith by his Minister Take eat drink this what is the meaning but as if he should say I am thy Salvation And when thou stretchest out thy hand and dost this what is it but to say My Lord and my God Joh. 20.28 And happy are they who not only call him Lord but do the things that he saith Blessed are they that do his Commandments that they may have right to the Tree of Life Rev. 22.14.12.20 and enter into the City of God Behold he cometh and his reward is with him and he will give to every man according as his work shall be Rev. 21 7. And he that overcometh saith he shall inherit all things I will be his God and he shall be my Son Amen Even so come Lord Jesus And this short Prayer O Lord of heaven and earth who knowest my down-sitting and my up-rising Psal 139.2 3. c. and understandest my thoughts a far