leo_fw-la the_o second_o change_v this_o symbol_n of_o reconciliation_n into_o a_o superstitious_a vanity_n institute_v that_o plate_n of_o silver_n or_o copper_n which_o after_o consecration_n be_v present_v to_o be_v kiss_v and_o in_o this_o very_a particular_a one_o may_v perceive_v how_o much_o the_o ancient_a ceremony_n have_v be_v either_o divert_v or_o pervert_v through_o successive_a alteration_n therein_o anno_fw-la 790._o but_o behold_v the_o idolatry_n which_o under_o the_o vail_n of_o darkness_n be_v propagate_v in_o the_o church_n even_o to_o the_o very_a sanctuary_n image_n be_v only_o as_o so_o many_o memorative_a object_n in_o church_n yet_o do_v the_o vulgar_a begin_v to_o exhibit_v honour_n to_o they_o whereupon_o dispute_n be_v commence_v in_o this_o difference_n reason_n of_o state_n offer_v themselves_o which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o history_n for_o upon_o other_o account_n be_v image_n pretend_v in_o subserviency_n to_o their_o interest_n the_o latin_n and_o the_o greek_n and_o afterward_o the_o greek_n among_o themselves_o take_v occasion_n from_o hence_o of_o much_o altercation_n one_o while_o demolish_n and_o break_v down_o the_o image_n another_o while_n re-erecting_a of_o they_o final_o irene_n empress_n of_o constantinople_n a_o pagan_a both_o by_o nation_n and_o religion_n a_o woman_n of_o many_o notorious_a enormity_n assemble_v a_o council_n at_o nice_a exclude_v from_o it_o the_o best_a doctor_n and_o employ_v menace_n violence_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o artifice_n whereby_o she_o may_v compass_v her_o design_n thus_o this_o conventicle_n mould_v and_o model_v according_a to_o her_o own_o mind_n produce_v instead_o of_o offer_n of_o reason_n nothing_o but_o impertinency_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o image_n conclude_v upon_o adoration_n contrary_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o solid_a antiquity_n and_o the_o opposition_n then_o general_o make_v to_o a_o piece_n of_o such_o palpable_a impiety_n for_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a convert_v a_o council_n at_o frankefort_n wherein_o that_o of_o nice_n be_v condemn_v be_v declare_v false_a and_o abusive_a and_o the_o decree_n touch_v image_n incassated_a and_o make_v null_n thus_o be_v their_o resolve_a adoration_n suppress_v but_o be_v that_o image_n be_v always_o continue_v in_o church_n this_o superstition_n whereunto_o the_o people_n be_v strong_o incline_v do_v at_o last_o recover_v itself_o and_o prevail_v this_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a be_v hold_v towards_o the_o year_n 790._o anno_fw-la 880._o pope_n adrian_n be_v the_o first_o that_o advise_v the_o canonization_n of_o saint_n imitate_v herein_o the_o apotheosis_n or_o consecration_n use_v among_o the_o roman_n under_o paganism_n a_o thing_n which_o till_o then_o be_v unheard_a of_o in_o the_o church_n the_o authority_n of_o canonise_a saint_n be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o decree_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n anno_fw-la 965._o pope_n john_n iv._o baptize_v the_o great_a bell_n of_o st._n john_n lateran_n in_o rome_n name_a it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n thence_o come_v the_o custom_n of_o baptise_v bell_n and_o give_v they_o name_n anno_fw-la 1000_o etc._n etc._n from_o the_o time_n above_o mention_v till_o about_o the_o year_n 1000_o those_o corruption_n be_v not_o only_o continue_v but_o likewise_o gradual_o multiply_v to_o the_o consecration_n of_o church_n they_o add_v sprinkle_v of_o holy_a water_n with_o a_o nosegay_n of_o hyssop_n pronounce_v these_o word_n of_o the_o psalmist_n attollite_fw-la portas_fw-la etc._n etc._n lift_v up_o your_o gate_n etc._n etc._n the_o bishop_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n rap_v at_o the_o gate_n with_o his_o pastoral-staff_n the_o mingle_n of_o the_o ash_n and_o water_n of_o the_o salt_n and_o the_o wine_n of_o exorcism_n of_o paint_a and_o grave_v character_n and_o certain_a confuse_a prayer_n final_o the_o anniversary_n feast_n of_o every_o church_n in_o memory_n of_o the_o day_n of_o its_o dedication_n and_o like_v as_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o eucharist_n be_v change_v into_o a_o sacrifice_n even_o so_o the_o priest_n which_o be_v call_v to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n be_v then_o ordain_v to_o sacrifice_n they_o begin_v to_o create_v they_o with_o these_o word_n accipe_fw-la potestatem_fw-la etc._n etc._n receive_v thou_o power_n to_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o god_n to_o celebrate_v mass_n as_o well_o for_o the_o live_n as_o for_o the_o dead_a anno_fw-la 1003._o pope_n john_n nineteeen_o institute_v the_o feast_n of_o all-soul_n appoint_v it_o to_o be_v celebrate_v upon_o the_o morrow_n after_o all-saint_n anno_fw-la 1050._o but_o behold_v the_o sum_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n that_o they_o may_v defend_v the_o sacrifice_n which_o they_o pretend_v to_o offer_v in_o the_o mass_n they_o behove_v to_o deny_v the_o whole_a essence_n of_o the_o sacrament_n and_o falsify_v and_o bely_v all_o that_o ever_o antiquity_n have_v believe_v in_o the_o case_n who_o sense_n and_o several_a judgement_n therein_o do_v here_o ensue_v s._n ignatius_n bishop_n of_o antioch_n and_o a_o disciple_n of_o the_o apostle_n in_o the_o 72_o d._n philadelph_n year_n of_o our_o lord_n express_v himself_o thus_o there_o be_v one_o only_a flesh_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n and_o one_o only_a blood_n which_o be_v shed_v for_o our_o sin_n one_o only_a bread_n also_o be_v break_v for_o we_o and_o one_o only_a cup_n be_v distribute_v to_o we_o can_v he_o possible_o make_v a_o more_o manifest_a opposition_n between_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n break_v upon_o the_o cross_n and_o the_o bread_n break_v in_o the_o supper_n justin_n martyr_n towards_o the_o year_n 130._o our_o christ_n have_v vouchsafe_v to_o make_v and_o use_v triph._n the_o sacramental_a bread_n in_o commemoration_n of_o his_o body_n form_v for_o such_o as_o believe_v in_o he_o for_o who_o sake_n he_o become_v passable_a the_o cup_n also_o he_o ordain_v to_o be_v make_v and_o use_v with_o thanksgiving_n in_o commemoration_n of_o his_o blood_n ireneus_fw-la bishop_n of_o lion_n in_o the_o year_n 160._o when_o once_o the_o chalice_n be_v fill_v 5._o and_o the_o bread_n be_v break_v have_v receive_v the_o benedictive_a word_n of_o god_n it_o become_v the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o body_n of_o christ_n whereby_o the_o substance_n of_o our_o flesh_n be_v augment_v and_o compound_v certain_o none_o can_v say_v that_o our_o flesh_n be_v augment_v nor_o compound_v of_o the_o real_a flesh_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n but_o only_o of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o bread_n which_o this_o father_n plain_o acknowledge_v to_o continue_v in_o the_o eucharist_n even_o after_o the_o consecration_n of_o the_o same_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n in_o the_o year_n 190._o christ_n take_v of_o the_o wine_n 2._o and_o bless_v the_o wine_n say_v take_v drink_v this_o be_v my_o blood_n the_o blood_n of_o the_o vine_n denominate_v by_o way_n of_o allegory_n the_o word_n which_o shed_v his_o blood_n for_o the_o remission_n of_o sin_n a_o sacred_a liquor_n of_o joy_n and_o gladness_n etc._n etc._n now_o that_o that_o which_o he_o bless_v be_v true_a wine_n he_o further_o show_v say_v to_o his_o disciple_n i_o will_v drink_v no_o more_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o vine_n etc._n etc._n this_o very_a same_o reason_n do_v we_o urge_v to_o prove_v that_o they_o drink_v wine_n at_o the_o supper_n brief_o it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o he_o dispute_v against_o the_o encratites_n who_o hold_v the_o drink_n of_o wine_n to_o be_v unlawful_a allege_v for_o their_o conviction_n the_o example_n of_o jesus_n christ_n who_o drink_v wine_n at_o the_o supper_n which_o be_v a_o ridiculous_a argument_n if_o so_o be_v wine_n have_v cease_v to_o be_v wine_n after_o that_o christ_n have_v drink_v thereof_o tertullian_n in_o the_o year_n 205._o do_v thâ—s_n explain_v the_o word_n of_o jesus_n christ_n 19_o this_o be_v my_o body_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o figure_n of_o my_o body_n moreover_o jesus_n christ_n call_v bread_n his_o body_n to_o the_o end_n that_o thou_o may_v thereby_o understand_v that_o he_o appoint_v bread_n to_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o his_o body_n cyril_n 5._o bishop_n of_o jerusalem_n in_o the_o year_n 320._o declare_v to_o we_o that_o the_o flesh_n be_v now_o absent_a and_o that_o that_o which_o we_o be_v command_v to_o taste_v of_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n eusebius_n bishop_n of_o caesarea_n 8._o say_v that_o our_o lord_n have_v teach_v we_o to_o serve_v he_o with_o bread_n as_o a_o sign_n of_o his_o body_n gregory_n bishop_n of_o nazianze_n in_o the_o year_n 350._o in_o his_o second_o oration_n concern_v easter_n speak_v thus_o of_o sacramental_a participation_n we_o partake_v indeed_o of_o the_o christian_n pass-ove_a in_o a_o figure_n albeit_o more_o clear_o than_o at_o the_o ancient_a pass-ove_a for_o the_o ancient_a pass-ove_a i_o dare_v say_v so_o be_v a_o more_o obscure_a figure_n of_o a_o figure_n macairus_n the_o
supper_n nor_o of_o image_n in_o temple_n nor_o of_o a_o universal_a bishop_n in_o the_o church_n nor_o of_o soul_n in_o purgatory_n nor_o of_o a_o queen_n in_o heaven_n then_o the_o spouse_n of_o christ_n in_o all_o her_o more_o glorious_a apparel_n have_v no_o great_a ornament_n then_o that_o she_o be_v without_o ornament_n and_o the_o mystical_a jerusalem_n instead_o 21._o of_o glitter_v with_o pompous_a ceremony_n shine_v with_o purity_n of_o doctrine_n and_o sanctity_n of_o life_n but_o when_o once_o god_n have_v receive_v up_o into_o a_o high_a orb_n of_o glory_n those_o great_a luminary_n which_o do_v illustrate_v and_o besparkle_v the_o firmament_n of_o his_o church_n 29._o the_o sacred_a band_n of_o the_o apostle_n once_o remove_v out_o of_o this_o low_a world_n and_o the_o generation_n which_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v the_o eternal_a wisdom_n immediate_a ear-witness_n dislodge_v of_o their_o secular_a mansion_n then_o be_v there_o a_o door_n open_v to_o humane_a invention_n for_o those_o who_o succeed_v they_o in_o that_o work_n though_o they_o retain_v the_o same_o foundation_n yet_o do_v iren._n in_o stead_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o precious_a stone_n build_v with_o wood_n hay_o and_o stubble_n howbeit_o the_o disease_n grow_v not_o so_o soon_o to_o that_o extremity_n which_o it_o afterward_o acquire_v this_o so_o universal_a and_o prodigious_a a_o alteration_n be_v not_o bring_v to_o pass_v in_o a_o instant_n nor_o yet_o by_o one_o only_a instrument_n the_o current_n of_o many_o age_n the_o introduction_n of_o new_a term_n the_o pomp_n of_o paganism_n the_o weakness_n of_o opponent_n the_o ignoranee_n of_o the_o people_n the_o connivance_n of_o their_o teacher_n the_o suppression_n of_o religious_a book_n worldly_a prudence_n and_o superstitious_a zeal_n do_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o emulation_n contribute_v hereunto_o erect_v by_o little_a and_o little_a that_o tower_n of_o babel_n even_o to_o the_o very_a pinnacle_n of_o iniquity_n and_o like_o as_o in_o nebuchadnezar_n statue_n the_o head_n be_v of_o gold_n the_o arm_n and_o breast_n of_o silver_n the_o thigh_n of_o brass_n and_o the_o leg_n and_o foot_n of_o iron_n and_o earth_n even_o so_o when_o we_o reflect_v upon_o the_o visage_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v altogether_o pure_a as_o gold_n but_o according_a as_o we_o descend_v to_o subsequent_a age_n we_o may_v perceive_v therein_o a_o plain_a palpable_a declension_n and_o degeneracy_n until_o at_o last_o we_o arrive_v at_o a_o age_n of_o iron_n and_o stuff_n quite_o different_a from_o the_o first_o this_o innovation_n be_v commence_v from_o thing_n which_o may_v have_v be_v judge_v in_o and_o of_o themselves_o matter_n pure_o indifferent_a have_v not_o the_o sequel_n prove_v fatal_a and_o pernicious_a they_o have_v be_v advance_v from_o a_o indifferency_n to_o superstition_n for_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n useful_a observance_n for_o the_o time_n then_o be_v but_o in_o after_o time_n ill_o explain_v and_o worse_o apply_v they_o make_v their_o first_o entrance_n into_o the_o church_n in_o the_o second_o century_n or_o age_n thereof_o that_o be_v to_o say_v about_o the_o hundred_o and_o ten_o year_n of_o our_o redemption_n those_o of_o they_o who_o be_v the_o most_o remarkable_a do_v here_o ensue_v all_o relate_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o time_n respective_o wherein_o they_o have_v their_o rise_n anno_fw-la 110._o etc._n etc._n it_o be_v customary_a with_o the_o jew_n when_o ever_o they_o make_v their_o solemn_a appearance_n before_o god_n always_o to_o carry_v along_o with_o they_o some_o present_a or_o other_o in_o their_o hand_n especial_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o token_n of_o homage_n &_o acknowledgement_n the_o ancient_a christian_n whereof_o a_o great_a part_n be_v descend_v of_o the_o jew_n follow_v that_o example_n insomuch_o that_o at_o their_o public_a assembly_n every_o one_o bring_v along_o with_o he_o a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n 32._o or_o of_o the_o first_o fruit_n thereof_o in_o corn_n grain_n or_o grape_n which_o be_v sanctify_v and_o consecrate_v to_o god_n by_o prayer_n afterward_o of_o this_o same_o bread_n and_o wine_n they_o apportion_v one_o part_n for_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o holy_a supper_n another_o be_v eat_v in_o common_a for_o the_o agape_n or_o love-feast_n be_v continue_v after_o the_o day_n of_o the_o apostle_n and_o the_o surplusage_n be_v either_o distribute_v among_o the_o poor_a or_o else_o do_v of_o proper_a right_n appertain_v to_o ecclesiastic_a person_n those_o present_v testify_v the_o devotion_n of_o the_o giver_n eleemos_n insomuch_o that_o this_o charity_n begin_v by_o degree_n to_o wax_v cold_a the_o doctor_n exclaim_v and_o severe_o inveigh_v against_o the_o rich_a in_o that_o though_o themselves_o bring_v nothing_o with_o they_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o eat_v their_o share_n of_o what_o be_v contribute_v by_o the_o poor_a sort_n now_o the_o gift_n thus_o present_v by_o the_o people_n be_v call_v offering_n from_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o the_o eucharist_n be_v sometime_o call_v a_o sacrifice_n or_o a_o oblation_n not_o expiatory_a but_o gratulatory_a only_o for_o the_o father_n of_o that_o age_n say_v 32._o that_o they_o offer_v to_o god_n the_o first_o fruit_n of_o his_o creature_n which_o word_n can_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o body_n of_o jesus_n christ_n howbeit_o they_o serve_v for_o a_o pretence_n afterward_o for_o change_v of_o the_o supper_n into_o a_o real_a sacrifice_n among_o the_o other_o innovation_n of_o those_o time_n antonin_n we_o shall_v likewise_o recount_v the_o mixture_n of_o water_n with_o wine_n in_o the_o eucharist_n a_o practice_n which_o be_v never_o authorize_v either_o by_o the_o sacramental_a institution_n nor_o yet_o by_o apostolic_a ordinance_n it_o may_v nevertheless_o have_v be_v tolerate_v as_o a_o matter_n of_o indifferency_n but_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v reckon_v among_o thing_n necessary_a 26._o there_o be_v another_o custom_n foist_v in_o at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o they_o judge_v it_o advisable_v to_o carry_v the_o eucharist_n to_o such_o as_o be_v not_o present_a in_o the_o assembly_n more_o especial_o to_o the_o sick_a likewise_o in_o case_n any_o bishop_n or_o any_o other_o person_n of_o quality_n be_v a_o stranger_n have_v arrive_v at_o their_o city_n they_o present_v they_o with_o some_o of_o the_o sacramental_a bread_n and_o wine_n congratulate_v they_o by_o that_o symbol_n of_o fraternal_a communion_n oratione_fw-la it_o be_v also_o a_o usual_a thing_n with_o they_o when_o public_a prayer_n be_v end_v to_o kiss_v one_o another_o interchangeable_o with_o a_o holy_a kiss_n in_o token_n of_o peace_n and_o brotherhood_n after_o that_o they_o proceed_v to_o levy_v censure_n against_o those_o who_o prayer_n end_v do_v frustrate_v themselves_o of_o this_o same_o kiss_n of_o peace_n which_o be_v among_o they_o a_o signal_n of_o reconciliation_n but_o be_v at_o this_o day_n change_v into_o a_o ridiculous_a ceremony_n there_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n divers_a fast_n introduce_v not_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o any_o ordinance_n or_o necessary_a observance_n nor_o yet_o by_o way_n of_o distinction_n of_o meat_n blood_n except_v and_o thing_n strangle_v 24._o the_o use_n oâ—_n which_o be_v prohibit_v for_o a_o time_n but_o oâ—â—_n of_o custom_n only_o and_o that_o proceed_n noâ—_n from_o the_o public_a authority_n of_o the_o church_n but_o from_o the_o simplicity_n of_o private_a person_n for_o in_o case_n any_o have_v make_v distinction_n oâ—_n meat_n for_o conscience-sake_n forbear_v thâ—_n use_v of_o flesh_n and_o wine_n and_o thus_o prejudice_v their_o health_n by_o immoderate_a fast_n or_o will_v have_v have_v the_o church_n tie_v to_o particular_a law_n vctor_n and_o prescription_n of_o the_o time_n duration_n and_o form_n of_o fast_v antiquity_n without_o all_o peradventure_o will_v have_v suppress_v such_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o instance_n of_o that_o arch-heretick_n montanus_n who_o it_o condemn_v for_o attempt_v in_o like_a manner_n to_o stifle_v and_o infringe_v christian_a liberty_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o most_o church_n at_o that_o time_n to_o hold_v their_o assembly_n upon_o wednesday_n &_o friday_n 5._o in_o order_n to_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n and_o public_a prayer_n and_o that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o better_o prepare_v for_o due_a attendance_n thereupon_o they_o give_v themselves_o to_o fast_v upon_o those_o day_n this_o they_o do_v not_o that_o they_o believe_v fast_v to_o be_v essential_a to_o holiness_n for_o they_o reject_v the_o fast_a of_o the_o sabbath-day_n which_o yet_o be_v the_o prime_a day_n of_o their_o religious_a exercise_n but_o there_o be_v a_o anniversary_n fast_o which_o they_o celebrate_v before_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n whence_o the_o quadragetimal_a time_n proceed_v and_o it_o be_v of_o importance_n to_o know_v what_o
egyptian_a 27._o speak_v of_o those_o who_o live_v before_o jesus_n christ_n it_o never_o enter_v into_o their_o heart_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o baptism_n of_o fire_n and_o of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v offer_v in_o the_o church_n bread_n and_o wine_n as_o a_o figure_n of_o his_o flesh_n and_o of_o his_o blood_n and_o that_o those_o who_o partake_v of_o the_o bread_n which_o be_v visible_a shall_v feed_v spiritual_o upon_o the_o flesh_n of_o our_o lord_n ephraim_n of_o syria_n in_o the_o year_n 360._o in_o his_o treatise_n against_o the_o curious_a inquisitour_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o son_n of_o god_n observe_v heedful_o how_o that_o take_v the_o bread_n into_o his_o hand_n he_o bless_v and_o break_v it_o in_o figure_n of_o his_o immaculate_a body_n and_o bless_v the_o cup_n in_o figure_n of_o his_o precious_a blood_n ambrose_n 6._o or_o the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o sacrament_n see_v that_o this_o offering_n turn_v into_o a_o 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