leo_fw-la the_o second_o change_v this_o symbol_n of_o reconciliation_n into_o a_o superstitious_a vanity_n institute_v that_o plate_n of_o silver_n or_o copper_n which_o after_o consecration_n be_v present_v to_o be_v kiss_v and_o in_o this_o very_a particular_a one_o may_v perceive_v how_o much_o the_o ancient_a ceremony_n have_v be_v either_o divert_v or_o pervert_v through_o successive_a alteration_n therein_o anno_fw-la 790._o but_o behold_v the_o idolatry_n which_o under_o the_o vail_n of_o darkness_n be_v propagate_v in_o the_o church_n even_o to_o the_o very_a sanctuary_n image_n be_v only_o as_o so_o many_o memorative_a object_n in_o church_n yet_o do_v the_o vulgar_a begin_v to_o exhibit_v honour_n to_o they_o whereupon_o dispute_n be_v commence_v in_o this_o difference_n reason_n of_o state_n offer_v themselves_o which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o history_n for_o upon_o other_o account_n be_v image_n pretend_v in_o subserviency_n to_o their_o interest_n the_o latin_n and_o the_o greek_n and_o afterward_o the_o greek_n among_o themselves_o take_v occasion_n from_o hence_o of_o much_o altercation_n one_o while_o demolish_n and_o break_v down_o the_o image_n another_o while_n re-erecting_a of_o they_o final_o irene_n empress_n of_o constantinople_n a_o pagan_a both_o by_o nation_n and_o religion_n a_o woman_n of_o many_o notorious_a enormity_n assemble_v a_o council_n at_o nice_a exclude_v from_o it_o the_o best_a doctor_n and_o employ_v menace_n violence_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o artifice_n whereby_o she_o may_v compass_v her_o design_n thus_o this_o conventicle_n mould_v and_o model_v according_a to_o her_o own_o mind_n produce_v instead_o of_o offer_n of_o reason_n nothing_o but_o impertinency_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o image_n conclude_v upon_o adoration_n contrary_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o solid_a antiquity_n and_o the_o opposition_n then_o general_o make_v to_o a_o piece_n of_o such_o palpable_a impiety_n for_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a convert_v a_o council_n at_o frankefort_n wherein_o that_o of_o nice_n be_v condemn_v be_v declare_v false_a and_o abusive_a and_o the_o decree_n touch_v image_n incassated_a and_o make_v null_n thus_o be_v their_o resolve_a adoration_n suppress_v but_o be_v that_o image_n be_v always_o continue_v in_o church_n this_o superstition_n whereunto_o the_o people_n be_v strong_o incline_v do_v at_o last_o recover_v itself_o and_o prevail_v this_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a be_v hold_v towards_o the_o year_n 790._o anno_fw-la 880._o pope_n adrian_n be_v the_o first_o that_o advise_v the_o canonization_n of_o saint_n imitate_v herein_o the_o apotheosis_n or_o consecration_n use_v among_o the_o roman_n under_o paganism_n a_o thing_n which_o till_o then_o be_v unheard_a of_o in_o the_o church_n the_o authority_n of_o canonise_a saint_n be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o decree_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n anno_fw-la 965._o pope_n john_n iv._o baptize_v the_o great_a bell_n of_o st._n john_n lateran_n in_o rome_n name_a it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n thence_o come_v the_o custom_n of_o baptise_v bell_n and_o give_v they_o name_n anno_fw-la 1000_o etc._n etc._n from_o the_o time_n above_o mention_v till_o about_o the_o year_n 1000_o those_o corruption_n be_v not_o only_o continue_v but_o likewise_o gradual_o multiply_v to_o the_o consecration_n of_o church_n they_o add_v sprinkle_v of_o holy_a water_n with_o a_o nosegay_n of_o hyssop_n pronounce_v these_o word_n of_o the_o psalmist_n attollite_fw-la portas_fw-la etc._n etc._n lift_v up_o your_o gate_n etc._n etc._n the_o bishop_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n rap_v at_o the_o gate_n with_o his_o pastoral-staff_n the_o mingle_n of_o the_o ash_n and_o water_n of_o the_o salt_n and_o the_o wine_n of_o exorcism_n of_o paint_a and_o grave_v character_n and_o certain_a confuse_a prayer_n final_o the_o anniversary_n feast_n of_o every_o church_n in_o memory_n of_o the_o day_n of_o its_o dedication_n and_o like_v as_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o eucharist_n be_v change_v into_o a_o sacrifice_n even_o so_o the_o priest_n which_o be_v call_v to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n be_v then_o ordain_v to_o sacrifice_n they_o begin_v to_o create_v they_o with_o these_o word_n accipe_fw-la potestatem_fw-la etc._n etc._n receive_v thou_o power_n to_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o god_n to_o celebrate_v mass_n as_o well_o for_o the_o live_n as_o for_o the_o dead_a anno_fw-la 1003._o pope_n john_n nineteeen_o institute_v the_o feast_n of_o all-soul_n appoint_v it_o to_o be_v celebrate_v upon_o the_o morrow_n after_o all-saint_n anno_fw-la 1050._o but_o behold_v the_o sum_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n that_o they_o may_v defend_v the_o sacrifice_n which_o they_o pretend_v to_o offer_v in_o the_o mass_n they_o behove_v to_o deny_v the_o whole_a essence_n of_o the_o sacrament_n and_o falsify_v and_o bely_v all_o that_o ever_o antiquity_n have_v believe_v in_o the_o case_n who_o sense_n and_o several_a judgement_n therein_o do_v here_o ensue_v s._n ignatius_n bishop_n of_o antioch_n and_o a_o disciple_n of_o the_o apostle_n in_o the_o 72_o d._n philadelph_n year_n of_o our_o lord_n express_v himself_o thus_o there_o be_v one_o only_a flesh_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n and_o one_o only_a blood_n which_o be_v shed_v for_o our_o sin_n one_o only_a bread_n also_o be_v break_v for_o we_o and_o one_o only_a cup_n be_v distribute_v to_o we_o can_v he_o possible_o make_v a_o more_o manifest_a opposition_n between_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n break_v upon_o the_o cross_n and_o the_o bread_n break_v in_o the_o supper_n justin_n martyr_n towards_o the_o year_n 130._o our_o christ_n have_v vouchsafe_v to_o make_v and_o use_v triph._n the_o sacramental_a bread_n in_o commemoration_n of_o his_o body_n form_v for_o such_o as_o believe_v in_o he_o for_o who_o sake_n he_o become_v passable_a the_o cup_n also_o he_o ordain_v to_o be_v make_v and_o use_v with_o thanksgiving_n in_o commemoration_n of_o his_o blood_n ireneus_fw-la bishop_n of_o lion_n in_o the_o year_n 160._o when_o once_o the_o chalice_n be_v fill_v 5._o and_o the_o bread_n be_v break_v have_v receive_v the_o benedictive_a word_n of_o god_n it_o become_v the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o body_n of_o christ_n whereby_o the_o substance_n of_o our_o flesh_n be_v augment_v and_o compound_v certain_o none_o can_v say_v that_o our_o flesh_n be_v augment_v nor_o compound_v of_o the_o real_a flesh_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n but_o only_o of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o bread_n which_o this_o father_n plain_o acknowledge_v to_o continue_v in_o the_o eucharist_n even_o after_o the_o consecration_n of_o the_o same_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n in_o the_o year_n 190._o christ_n take_v of_o the_o wine_n 2._o and_o bless_v the_o wine_n say_v take_v drink_v this_o be_v my_o blood_n the_o blood_n of_o the_o vine_n denominate_v by_o way_n of_o allegory_n the_o word_n which_o shed_v his_o blood_n for_o the_o remission_n of_o sin_n a_o sacred_a liquor_n of_o joy_n and_o gladness_n etc._n etc._n now_o that_o that_o which_o he_o bless_v be_v true_a wine_n he_o further_o show_v say_v to_o his_o disciple_n i_o will_v drink_v no_o more_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o vine_n etc._n etc._n this_o very_a same_o reason_n do_v we_o urge_v to_o prove_v that_o they_o drink_v wine_n at_o the_o supper_n brief_o it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o he_o dispute_v against_o the_o encratites_n who_o hold_v the_o drink_n of_o wine_n to_o be_v unlawful_a allege_v for_o their_o conviction_n the_o example_n of_o jesus_n christ_n who_o drink_v wine_n at_o the_o supper_n which_o be_v a_o ridiculous_a argument_n if_o so_o be_v wine_n have_v cease_v to_o be_v wine_n after_o that_o christ_n have_v drink_v thereof_o tertullian_n in_o the_o year_n 205._o do_v thâ—s_n explain_v the_o word_n of_o jesus_n christ_n 19_o this_o be_v my_o body_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o figure_n of_o my_o body_n moreover_o jesus_n christ_n call_v bread_n his_o body_n to_o the_o end_n that_o thou_o may_v thereby_o understand_v that_o he_o appoint_v bread_n to_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o his_o body_n cyril_n 5._o bishop_n of_o jerusalem_n in_o the_o year_n 320._o declare_v to_o we_o that_o the_o flesh_n be_v now_o absent_a and_o that_o that_o which_o we_o be_v command_v to_o taste_v of_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n eusebius_n bishop_n of_o caesarea_n 8._o say_v that_o our_o lord_n have_v teach_v we_o to_o serve_v he_o with_o bread_n as_o a_o sign_n of_o his_o body_n gregory_n bishop_n of_o nazianze_n in_o the_o year_n 350._o in_o his_o second_o oration_n concern_v easter_n speak_v thus_o of_o sacramental_a participation_n we_o partake_v indeed_o of_o the_o christian_n pass-ove_a in_o a_o figure_n albeit_o more_o clear_o than_o at_o the_o ancient_a pass-ove_a for_o the_o ancient_a pass-ove_a i_o dare_v say_v so_o be_v a_o more_o obscure_a figure_n of_o a_o figure_n macairus_n the_o
egyptian_a 27._o speak_v of_o those_o who_o live_v before_o jesus_n christ_n it_o never_o enter_v into_o their_o heart_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o baptism_n of_o fire_n and_o of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v offer_v in_o the_o church_n bread_n and_o wine_n as_o a_o figure_n of_o his_o flesh_n and_o of_o his_o blood_n and_o that_o those_o who_o partake_v of_o the_o bread_n which_o be_v visible_a shall_v feed_v spiritual_o upon_o the_o flesh_n of_o our_o lord_n ephraim_n of_o syria_n in_o the_o year_n 360._o in_o his_o treatise_n against_o the_o curious_a inquisitour_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o son_n of_o god_n observe_v heedful_o how_o that_o take_v the_o bread_n into_o his_o hand_n he_o bless_v and_o break_v it_o in_o figure_n of_o his_o immaculate_a body_n and_o bless_v the_o cup_n in_o figure_n of_o his_o precious_a blood_n ambrose_n 6._o or_o the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o sacrament_n see_v that_o this_o offering_n turn_v into_o a_o acceptable_a and_o reasonable_a account_n to_o we_o which_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n gaudentius_n bishop_n of_o bress_n in_o his_o second_o treatise_n upon_o exodus_fw-la the_o figure_n of_o christ_n body_n be_v receive_v in_o the_o bread_n moreover_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o lamb_n be_v fit_o represent_v under_o the_o species_n of_o wine_n chrysostome_n bishop_n of_o constantinople_n in_o the_o year_n 386._o in_o a_o epistle_n to_o cesarius_n the_o monk_n do_v thus_o unfold_v this_o great_a mystery_n before_o that_o the_o bread_n be_v sanctify_v we_o name_v it_o bread_n but_o it_o be_v once_o by_o divine_a grace_n sanctify_v it_o be_v certain_o free_v from_o the_o appellation_n of_o bread_n and_o be_v dignify_v with_o the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n body_n howheit_fw-ge the_o true_a nature_n of_o bread_n do_v still_o continue_v therein_o turrianus_n and_o gregory_n of_o valence_n both_o jesuit_n perceive_v themselves_o to_o be_v wonderful_o rack_v and_o puzzle_v with_o this_o passage_n do_v most_o groundless_o aver_v that_o it_o be_v none_o of_o chrysostome_n but_o of_o one_o john_n of_o constantinople_n which_o be_v confession_n sufficient_a since_o that_o it_o bear_v the_o mark_n of_o its_o antiquity_n this_o epistle_n have_v be_v see_v by_o many_o in_o a_o manuscript_n in_o the_o bibliotheque_fw-fr of_o florence_n by_o which_o if_o not_o stifle_v by_o our_o adversary_n the_o common_a fate_n of_o what_o ever_o be_v contrary_a to_o themselves_o it_o may_v be_v easy_o verify_v to_o be_v of_o a_o truth_n the_o genuine_a testimony_n of_o the_o great_a chrysostome_n but_o it_o be_v high_a time_n that_o we_o harken_v to_o holy_a augustine_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o year_n 410._o behold_v how_o he_o explain_v himself_o in_o his_o 12_o the_o chapter_n against_o adimantus_n the_o lord_n doubt_v not_o to_o say_v this_o be_v my_o body_n when_o as_o he_o give_v the_o sign_n of_o his_o body_n and_o upon_o the_o three_o psalm_n the_o lord_n admit_v judas_n to_o the_o banquet_n at_o which_o he_o recommend_v and_o give_v to_o his_o disciple_n the_o figure_n of_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n the_o same_o father_n upon_o the_o 98._o psalm_n wherein_o he_o expound_v these_o word_n of_o our_o lord_n if_o you_o eat_v not_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o son_n of_o man_n you_o shall_v not_o have_v life_n bring_v in_o our_o saviour_n speak_v thus_o understand_v spiritual_o that_o which_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o you_o shall_v not_o eat_v this_o body_n which_o you_o see_v neither_o shall_v you_o drink_v that_o blood_n which_o my_o crucifier_n shall_v shed_v i_o have_v recommend_v to_o you_o a_o sacred_a sign_n which_o be_v spiritual_o understand_v shall_v give_v you_o life_n and_o in_o the_o three_o book_n of_o christian_a doctrine_n chap._n 16._o when_o the_o lord_n say_v if_o you_o eat_v not_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o son_n of_o man_n and_o drink_v not_o his_o blood_n you_o shall_v have_v no_o life_n in_o yourselves_o he_o seem_v to_o command_v a_o impiety_n or_o great_a crimâ—â—_n this_o then_o be_v a_o figure_n whereby_o he_o enjoin_v we_o to_o communicate_v in_o the_o lord_n death_n and_o passion_n and_o delightful_o and_o profitable_o to_o remember_v that_o his_o flesh_n be_v crucify_v and_o bruise_v for_o we_o and_o in_o his_o first_o treatise_n upon_o the_o first_o of_o st._n john_n the_o lord_n comfort_v we_o who_o can_v no_o long_o feel_v he_o with_o the_o hand_n but_o only_o by_o the_o touch_n of_o faith_n and_o in_o the_o 53d_o sermon_n upon_o the_o word_n of_o our_o lord_n every_o one_o almost_o call_v that_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n which_o be_v a_o sacred_a sign_n thereof_o theodoret_n bishop_n of_o cyre_z in_o the_o year_n 420._o in_o his_o first_o dialogue_n entitle_v the_o immutable_a speak_v of_o these_o word_n this_o be_v my_o body_n say_v the_o lord_n have_v dignify_v the_o visible_a sign_n with_o the_o appellation_n of_o his_o own_o body_n and_o blood_n not_o change_v of_o their_o nature_n but_o add_v grace_n to_o nature_n a_o little_a before_o he_o have_v say_v the_o lord_n have_v confer_v upon_o the_o sign_n the_o name_n of_o his_o own_o body_n and_o in_o the_o second_o dialogue_n entitle_v the_o inconfused_a the_o divine_a mystery_n be_v sign_n of_o the_o true_a body_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o bring_v in_o a_o eutychian_a heretic_n maintain_v transubstantiation_n to_o who_o he_o answer_v in_o these_o word_n thou_o be_v catch_v in_o a_o net_n of_o thy_o own_o twist_v for_o even_o after_o consecration_n the_o mystical_a sign_n change_v not_o their_o nature_n but_o remain_v for_o substance_n form_n and_o figure_n the_o same_o as_o before_o cyril_n bishop_n of_o alexandria_n 29._o in_o the_o year_n 440._o christ_n give_v to_o his_o disciple_n morsel_n of_o bread_n say_v take_v eat_z this_o be_v my_o body_n he_o say_v also_o that_o the_o faithful_a believe_v that_o though_o he_o be_v absent_a from_o we_o in_o the_o body_n yet_o be_v all_o thing_n and_o even_o ourselves_o govern_v by_o he_o again_o though_o he_o be_v absent_a in_o the_o body_n appear_v before_o his_o father_n and_o sit_v at_o his_o right_a hand_n yet_o nevertheless_o he_o be_v present_a in_o his_o saint_n by_o his_o spirit_n the_o same_o father_n speak_v of_o nestorius_n 2._o have_v he_o not_o turn_v say_v he_o our_o mystery_n into_o a_o anthropophagy_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o manducation_n of_o man_n flesh_n through_o a_o irreligious_a entangle_v of_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o faithful_a through_o vain_a conceit_n and_o attempt_v to_o subject_a to_o humane_a ratiocination_n thing_n which_o surpass_v all_o manner_n of_o scrutiny_n save_v that_o of_o faith_n only_o gelasius_n himself_o bishop_n of_o rome_n about_o the_o year_n 590._o speak_v thus_o nester_n certain_o the_o sacrament_n which_o we_o receive_v of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n be_v a_o divine_a thing_n whence_o also_o we_o be_v by_o they_o make_v partaker_n of_o the_o divine_a nature_n yet_o nevertheless_o the_o substance_n or_o nature_n of_o the_o â—read_n and_o the_o wine_n do_v incessant_o continue_v such_o and_o the_o image_n and_o resemblance_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n be_v infallible_o celebrate_v in_o the_o exhibition_n of_o those_o mystery_n facundus_n a_o african_a bishop_n who_o in_o the_o 550th_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n write_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o three_o head_n or_o point_n of_o the_o council_n of_o chalcedon_n the_o sacrament_n of_o adoption_n to_o wit_n baptism_n may_v be_v call_v the_o adoption_n upon_o the_o very_a same_o account_n that_o we_o call_v the_o sacrament_n of_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o consecrate_a bread_n and_o cup_n his_o own_o body_n and_o own_o blood_n not_o that_o the_o bread_n be_v indeed_o his_o body_n and_o the_o cup_n his_o blood_n in_o proper_a speech_n but_o hecause_n that_o the_o mystery_n of_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n be_v contain_v therein_o dionysius_n false_o surname_v the_o areopagite_n a_o author_n of_o who_o we_o know_v not_o certain_o in_o what_o time_n he_o live_v howbeit_o to_o procure_v the_o great_a authority_n to_o his_o write_n he_o assume_v the_o name_n of_o dionysius_n the_o areopagite_n mention_v in_o the_o book_n of_o act_n chap._n 17._o vers_fw-la 34._o but_o divers_a reason_n move_v we_o to_o believe_v that_o he_o flourish_v about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o four_o age_n other_o make_v he_o more_o ancient_a whoever_o he_o be_v he_o do_v more_o than_o ten_o time_n in_o one_o chapter_n etc._n term_n that_o which_o be_v give_v to_o we_o in_o the_o supper_n image_n sign_n and_o symbol_n and_o say_v that_o the_o communion_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v a_o commemoration_n of_o that_o most_o divine_a supper_n at_o which_o the_o sign_n of_o thing_n therein_o celebrate_v be_v first_o of_o all_o institute_v
all_o the_o province_n under_o its_o command_n the_o western_a church_n have_v then_o the_o form_n of_o divine_a service_n in_o this_o language_n which_o be_v at_o that_o time_n understand_v by_o all_o but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n through_o the_o intercourse_n of_o barbarous_a nation_n disperse_v throughout_o the_o empire_n new_a tongue_n offer_v the_o latin_a become_v estrange_v yet_o notwithstanding_o they_o still_o retain_v the_o use_n thereof_o in_o church_n though_o the_o people_n have_v already_o lose_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o same_o and_o indeed_o not_o only_o be_v the_o mystery_n of_o religion_n in_o church_n but_o likewise_o matter_n of_o justice_n in_o palace_n and_o judicatory_n still_o manage_v in_o latin_a like_a as_o all_o contract_n and_o agreement_n be_v also_o write_v in_o the_o same_o language_n nor_o be_v it_o as_o yet_o a_o hundred_o year_n since_o this_o barbarism_n be_v expel_v france_n anno_fw-la 605._o hitherto_o be_v the_o church_n govern_v by_o divers_a patriarch_n each_o of_o who_o have_v his_o several_a jurisdiction_n apart_o every_o one_o of_o those_o within_o his_o respective_a patriarchy_n enact_v law_n and_o assemble_v council_n in_o which_o quality_n he_o of_o rome_n act_v but_o only_o as_o the_o rest_n to_o wit_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o own_o jurisdiction_n yet_o notwithstanding_o so_o it_o be_v that_o he_o frequent_o affect_v a_o universal_a preeminency_n over_o all_o the_o church_n sometime_o labour_v by_o might_n and_o main_a to_o transfer_v to_o himself_o the_o appeal_n of_o the_o other_o bishop_n sometime_o prevail_v upon_o the_o address_n of_o such_o as_o in_o hope_n of_o succour_n from_o he_o implore_v his_o assistance_n yea_o sometime_o allege_v forge_v and_o spurious_a act_n as_o at_o the_o six_o council_n of_o carthage_n which_o crush_v that_o attempt_n now_o in_o that_o of_o chalcedon_n hold_v about_o the_o year_n 450._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n and_o of_o constantinople_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a dignity_n nevertheless_o they_o procure_v the_o primacy_n the_o one_o in_o emulation_n of_o the_o other_o and_o many_o be_v the_o contest_v and_o controversy_n commence_v between_o they_o upon_o this_o occasion_n yea_o in_o the_o year_n 472._o the_o emperor_n leo_n determine_v in_o favour_n of_o he_o of_o constantinople_n confer_v upon_o he_o the_o precedency_n to_o all_o the_o other_o bishop_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o be_v style_v oecumenick_n but_o when_o once_o â—hocas_fw-es attain_v to_o the_o empire_n by_o murder_v of_o mauricius_n his_o predecessor_n this_o same_o parricide_n be_v on_o the_o one_o side_n offend_v with_o cyriacus_n bishop_n of_o constantinople_n who_o refuse_v to_o countenance_v his_o inhumanity_n on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o fear_v lest_o that_o the_o condign_a hatred_n of_o his_o action_n may_v occasion_v a_o revolt_n against_o himself_o in_o italy_n insomuch_o that_o boniface_n iii_o through_o offer_n make_v of_o his_o good_a service_n obtain_v of_o he_o that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n shall_v be_v the_o capital_a church_n and_o that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n shall_v be_v call_v the_o sovereign_n and_o universal_a bishop_n thus_o by_o a_o imperial_a edict_n and_o not_o by_o any_o divine_a right_n be_v there_o a_o universal_a bishop_n create_v in_o the_o church_n the_o quality_n which_o gregory_n himself_o decline_v 4._o none_o can_v possible_o affect_v but_o the_o forerunner_n of_o antichrist_n it_o be_v under_o colour_n of_o this_o specious_a title_n that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n have_v ever_o from_o thence_o forward_o exert_v and_o execute_v all_o the_o act_n of_o their_o pretend_a primacy_n boniface_n iu._n soon_o after_o open_v the_o pantheon_n at_o rome_n and_o erect_v therein_o the_o image_n of_o all_o the_o saint_n 4_o in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o pagan-god_n this_o be_v the_o temple_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n call_v st._n marry_o the_o round_a world_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n namely_o in_o the_o year_n 610._o that_o monster_n mahomet_n the_o scourge_n of_o christianity_n show_v himself_o anno_fw-la 690._o till_o about_o the_o year_n 690._o the_o church_n use_v only_o the_o figure_n ✚_o of_o the_o cross_n consist_v of_o two_o traverse_v piece_n of_o wood_n and_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o represent_v jesus_n christ_n under_o the_o form_n of_o a_o lamb_n which_o be_v only_o a_o symbolical_a picture_n but_o the_o four_o general_a council_n ordain_v that_o the_o image_n of_o christ_n in_o his_o humane_a shape_n shall_v be_v affix_v to_o the_o cross_n only_o to_o re-mind_n we_o say_v they_o of_o his_o conversation_n in_o the_o flesh_n his_o passion_n and_o death_n thus_o begin_v the_o use_n of_o the_o crucifix_n but_o without_o any_o kind_n of_o adoration_n anno_fw-la 700._o etc._n etc._n then_o also_o be_v private_a mass_n obtrude_v wherein_o the_o priest_n communicate_v all_o alone_a this_o corruption_n spring_v from_o the_o lukewarmness_n of_o the_o people_n heretofore_o when_o as_o zeal_n be_v as_o yet_o vigorous_a the_o whole_a assembly_n do_v communicate_v and_o that_o every_o day_n of_o the_o week_n but_o this_o devotion_n wax_v cold_a the_o communion_n be_v restrict_v to_o the_o sabbath_n and_o the_o more_o solemn_a day_n the_o clergy_n nevertheless_o still_o communicate_v every_o day_n but_o in_o fine_a the_o clergy_n likewise_o neglect_v the_o communion_n there_o be_v none_o but_o the_o priest_n alone_o that_o do_v communicate_v from_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o instead_o of_o one_o great_a bread_n which_o they_o be_v accustom_v to_o break_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o whole_a multitude_n they_o now_o consecrate_v only_a one_o small_a one_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o penny_n as_o be_v sufficient_a for_o one_o individual_a person_n likewise_o instead_o of_o the_o great_a vessel_n use_v for_o the_o sacramental_a wine_n they_o use_v viol_n in_o their_o mass-service_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o people_n have_v once_o abandon_v the_o communion_n do_v withal_o decline_v the_o present_n of_o any_o more_o offering_n that_o they_o may_v oblige_v they_o to_o a_o continuance_n 〈◊〉_d that_o liberality_n they_o give_v they_o to_o undeâ—â—stand_v that_o though_o they_o do_v not_o any_o moâ—_n communicate_v yet_o divine_a service_n shoulâ—_n not_o cease_v to_o be_v useful_a and_o available_a tâ—_n they_o provide_v they_o will_v continue_v the_o assistance_n of_o their_o customary_a offering_n and_o instead_o of_o the_o communion_n they_o give_v they_o bread_n over_o which_o they_o pray_v call_v hallow_v bread_n thus_o be_v private_a mass_n substitute_v in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o holy_a supper_n and_o yet_o nevertheless_o the_o priest_n when_o he_o communicate_v all_o alone_a by_o himself_o do_v still_o use_v the_o same_o term_n which_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o pronounce_v when_o there_o be_v many_o communicant_n for_o he_o pray_v that_o the_o sacrament_n may_v tend_v to_o the_o salvation_n of_o all_o the_o receiver_n even_o than_o i_o say_v when_o as_o himself_o be_v the_o sole_a and_o only_a partaker_n moreover_o from_o the_o relinquish_a of_o the_o eucharist_n another_o change_n proceed_v for_o when_o that_o this_o exercise_n be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o frequent_v the_o whole_a be_v pronounce_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n save_v that_o in_o the_o first_o antiquity_n after_o a_o exhortation_n make_v by_o the_o pastor_n every_o one_o present_v pray_v with_o a_o submissive_a voice_n to_o the_o end_n that_o god_n may_v vouchsafe_v to_o bless_v the_o work_n but_o the_o remain_a part_n thereof_o especial_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o supper_n be_v pronounce_v very_o loud_o so_o as_o that_o the_o whole_a assembly_n may_v hear_v afterward_o there_o be_v but_o a_o small_a appearance_n of_o person_n that_o offer_v themselves_o to_o the_o communion_n the_o priest_n begin_v to_o speak_v with_o a_o more_o low_a voice_n and_o final_o there_o be_v none_o present_a but_o the_o priest_n himself_o only_o who_o communicate_v he_o do_v at_o length_n utter_v the_o word_n of_o consecration_n so_o low_a as_o that_o none_o but_o himself_o can_v understand_v they_o this_o be_v call_v the_o secret_a of_o the_o mass_n spring_v from_o a_o misprision_n of_o the_o sacrament_n hold_v at_o this_o day_n for_o a_o mystery_n anno_fw-la 780._o it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n in_o the_o church_n pasch._n that_o christian_n before_o the_o communion_n do_v interchangeable_o give_v each_o other_o the_o kiss_n of_o peace_n in_o token_n of_o fraternal_a union_n and_o concord_n for_o the_o lord_n prayer_n end_v they_o say_v peace_n be_v with_o we_o and_o with_o that_o the_o christian_n do_v mutual_o salute_v one_o another_o but_o forasmuch_o as_o many_o acquit_v themselves_o herein_o more_o out_o of_o ceremony_n than_o true_a charity_n they_o check_v and_o severe_o rebuke_v those_o who_o kiss_v of_o peace_n be_v only_o matter_n of_o lip-labour_n now_o about_o the_o year_n 780._o
as_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n be_v through_o mean_n of_o their_o preach_a and_o doctrine_n reduce_v from_o obedience_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o romish_a church_n the_o council_n of_o constance_n require_v king_n wenceslaus_n to_o send_v the_o say_a huss_n thither_o to_o who_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n give_v very_o ample_a letter_n of_o safe-conduct_n to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v not_o scruple_n to_o surrender_v himself_o yet_o notwithstanding_o without_o any_o regard_n have_v thereunto_o he_o be_v within_o twenty_o six_o day_n after_o his_o arrival_n commit_v to_o prison_n and_o after_o a_o hard_a and_o tedious_a incarceration_n most_o unjust_o condemn_v to_o be_v burn_v alive_a as_o a_o heretic_n howbeit_o he_o have_v clear_o demonstrate_v to_o they_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o doctrine_n by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o the_o pregnant_a testimony_n of_o christian_a antiquity_n in_o pursuance_n whereof_o he_o maintain_v that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n have_v depart_v from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o apostle_n in_o pursuit_n of_o the_o riches_n and_o delight_n of_o the_o world_n hunt_v after_o dominion_n and_o primacy_n embezel_v church-goods_a which_o do_v of_o proper_a right_n belong_v tâ—_n the_o poor_a in_o pomp_n and_o filthy_a and_o infamous_a expense_n confound_v herewith_o the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n or_o at_o leastwise_o guilty_a of_o a_o voluntary_a and_o deliberate_a contempt_n of_o the_o same_o that_o the_o pope_n have_v no_o such_o authority_n as_o he_o challenge_v over_o the_o church_n and_o that_o indulgence_n be_v null_a that_o the_o bread_n and_o the_o wine_n remain_v untransubstantiate_v in_o the_o supper_n and_o that_o the_o communion_n shall_v be_v equal_o distribute_v to_o all_o under_o both_o kind_n that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o purgatory_n that_o saint_n depart_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v invoke_v nor_o image_n worship_v and_o that_o all_o those_o thing_n with_o their_o like_a appendant_o have_v no_o other_o foundation_n than_o that_o of_o the_o corruption_n and_o vanity_n of_o a_o humane_a spirit_n parit_fw-la but_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o truth_n do_v ever_o purchase_v hatred_n from_o the_o wicked_a as_o be_v natural_o averse_a and_o adverse_a thereunto_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o cruel_a usage_n which_o he_o meet_v withal_o from_o his_o enemy_n which_o he_o endure_v with_o a_o true_o christian-constancy_n rehearse_v as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o the_o place_n of_o execution_n or_o rather_o of_o triumph_n diverse_a verse_n of_o the_o psalm_n especial_o of_o the_o 31st_o and_o 51st_o and_o oftentimes_o these_o word_n take_v partly_o out_o of_o the_o 31st_o i_o recommend_v my_o spirit_n into_o thy_o hand_n for_o thou_o have_v redeem_v i_o lord_n jesus_n thou_o god_n of_o truth_n and_o as_o the_o executioner_n be_v set_v fire_n to_o the_o faggot_n he_o say_v three_o time_n with_o a_o strong_a and_o loud_a voice_n jesus_n christ_n thou_o son_n of_o the_o live_a god_n have_v mercy_n upon_o i_o thus_o do_v this_o holy_a martyr_n finish_v all_o his_o labour_n resign_v his_o soul_n to_o god_n upon_o the_o 6_o of_o july_n 1415._o that_o other_o faithful_a witness_n of_o the_o truth_n jerome_n of_o prague_n do_v likewise_o seal_v the_o same_o with_o his_o blood_n upon_o the_o 30_o of_o may_v 1416_o after_o many_o sharp_a conflict_n with_o his_o adversary_n who_o he_o confound_v and_o strike_v dumb_a with_o the_o same_o weapon_n namely_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o ancient_a doctor_n of_o the_o church_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o admirable_a eloquence_n and_o vigour_n of_o spirit_n aretin_n he_o encounter_v death_n with_o such_o a_o ecstasy_n of_o joy_n that_o when-as_a they_o begin_v to_o kindle_v the_o faggot_n he_o begin_v to_o sing_v divine_a praise_n with_o a_o holy_a hymn_n which_o by_o the_o very_a relation_n of_o aeneas_n silvius_n who_o be_v afterward_o pope_n call_v pius_n two_o and_o of_o pogius_n of_o florence_n who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o spectator_n he_o continue_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o flame_n till_o that_o his_o blissful_a soul_n take_v wing_n for_o heaven_n there_o to_o bear_v a_o part_n in_o the_o harmonious_a new_a song_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o its_o saviour_n and_o the_o company_n of_o angel_n and_o all_o the_o saint_n and_o faithful_a one_o who_o tear_n be_v all_o for_o ever_o wipe_v away_o in_o that_o beatisick_n sabbatism_n of_o glory_n and_o eternal_a bliss_n but_o what_o shall_v we_o say_v more_o for_o the_o time_n will_v fail_v we_o shall_v we_o instance_n in_o all_o who_o after_o those_o two_o saithful_a witness_n espouse_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o same_o truth_n which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v as_o they_o before_o they_o seal_v with_o their_o blood_n we_o behove_v to_o make_v mention_n of_o that_o great_a assembly_n of_o person_n at_o douai_n in_o the_o year_n 1421_o who_o hold_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o waldenses_n of_o who_o a_o great_a number_n as_o be_v report_v by_o monstrelet_n be_v sacrifice_v to_o the_o flame_n cent._n of_o william_n white_a and_o alexander_n fabrice_n englishman_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1429_o write_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o wickliff_n doctrine_n which_o reynauld_n peacock_n bishop_n of_o chichester_n in_o like_a manner_n maintain_v in_o the_o year_n 1457._o siles_n we_o behove_v likewise_o to_o show_v that_o george_n poggebrach_n king_n of_o bohemia_n together_o with_o his_o subject_n own_v to_o the_o day_n of_o his_o death_n the_o profession_n of_o the_o truth_n against_o the_o determination_n of_o rome_n and_o that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n stand_v incline_v to_o its_o defence_n likewise_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1480_o vsperg_n john_n of_o vessalia_n basil_n of_o groningue_n stephen_n bralfer_n and_o paul_n notary_n of_o tubinge_v doctor_n in_o divinity_n do_v in_o like_a manner_n in_o germany_n withstand_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o romish-church_n for_o control_v of_o who_o vanity_n and_o many_o corruption_n i_o savonarole_n be_v burn_v at_o florence_n in_o the_o year_n 1498_o notwithstanding_o which_o john_n francis_n picus_n count_n of_o mirandula_n fail_v not_o to_o write_v in_o his_o behalf_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n to_o reprehend_v the_o very_a same_o abuse_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1505_o paul_n scriptoris_fw-la do_v in_o his_o lecture_n in_o the_o university_n of_o tubinge_v public_o declaim_v against_o transubstantiation_n and_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1507_o thomas_n more_o of_o brockford_n a_o englishman_n be_v burn_v at_o norwich_n for_o preach_v against_o the_o then_o prevail_a superstition_n of_o the_o church_n we_o behove_v moreover_o to_o produce_v that_o goodly_a confession_n present_v in_o the_o year_n 1508_o to_o king_n vladislaus_n by_o the_o persecute_a waldenses_n in_o hungary_n which_o be_v exact_o conformable_a to_o that_o of_o the_o protestant_n and_o reform_a church_n and_o likewise_o observe_v all_o that_o be_v record_v by_o that_o great_a lawyer_n charles_n du_fw-fr moulin_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o french_a monarchy_n on_o purpose_n to_o give_v the_o world_n to_o understand_v what_o reception_n the_o doctrine_n and_o life_n of_o those_o of_o cabrieres_n and_o merindol_n find_v with_o king_n lewis_n xii_o which_o give_v such_o ample_a satisfaction_n to_o that_o great_a prince_n as_o that_o upon_o the_o report_n therein_o make_v to_o he_o of_o the_o same_o he_o swear_v that_o they_o have_v more_o goodness_n and_o worth_n in_o they_o than_o himself_o and_o all_o his_o subject_n beside_o final_o we_o behove_v in_o like_a manner_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o that_o incomparable_a monarch_n to_o add_v how_o that_o after_o the_o example_n of_o philip_n the_o fair_a one_o of_o his_o predecessor_n he_o quell_v the_o sauciness_n and_o petulancy_n of_o julius_n two_o who_o have_v excommunicate_v he_o have_v assemble_v a_o council_n at_o pisa_n in_o order_n to_o the_o reform_v of_o the_o church_n both_o in_o its_o head_n and_o member_n and_o cause_v batter_v the_o golden_a species_n with_o this_o inscription_n perdam_fw-la babylonis_fw-la nomen_fw-la c_o a_o d._n i_o will_v utter_o destroy_v the_o name_n of_o babylon_n and_o have_v not_o injurious_a death_n sudden_o snatch_v he_o away_o he_o have_v undoubted_o put_v a_o happy_a essay_n to_o a_o thorough_a reformation_n but_o enough_o of_o that_o we_o be_v now_o arrive_v at_o anno_fw-la 1517._o martin_n luther_n together_o with_o those_o his_o contemporary_n who_o god_n raise_v up_o for_o the_o same_o work_n do_v in_o this_o year_n strike_v that_o great_a blow_n which_o do_v so_o mighty_o shake_v the_o papal_a power_n and_o restore_v to_o sovereign_a prince_n who_o heretofore_o tremble_v under_o the_o censure_n of_o rome_n ruin_n that_o lawful_a though_o control_v authority_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o none_o but_o god_n himself_o and_o this_o be_v so_o marvellous_a that_o after_o that_o time_n the_o great_a part_n of_o germany_n the_o