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and_o this_o learning_n well_o observe_v will_v avoid_v multitude_n of_o suit_n and_o contention_n which_o daily_o arise_v through_o the_o defect_n of_o arbitrement_n by_o jo._n march_v of_o grays-inn_n barister_n london_n print_v by_o f._n l._n for_o m._n walbank_n and_o r._n best_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o grayes-inne-gate_n 1647._o action_n for_o slander_n or_o a_o methodical_a collection_n under_o certain_a ground_n and_o head_n of_o what_o word_n be_v actionable_a in_o the_o law_n and_o what_o not_o the_o first_o part_n of_o my_o labour_n be_v to_o show_v what_o word_n be_v actionable_a in_o the_o law_n and_o what_o not_o in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o which_o it_o be_v not_o my_o purpose_n to_o run_v over_o all_o the_o case_n that_o have_v be_v adjudge_v neither_o can_v i_o if_o i_o will_v my_o intent_n be_v only_o to_o lay_v down_o a_o certain_a rule_n or_o ground_n upon_o which_o to_o go_v which_o will_v indeed_o be_v as_o a_o light_n to_o all_o case_n of_o this_o nature_n and_o have_v do_v so_o to_o follow_v every_o particular_a thereof_o with_o the_o most_o pertinent_a case_n that_o i_o find_v adjudge_v in_o the_o law_n which_o do_v there_o will_v be_v very_o few_o case_n of_o consequence_n hitherto_o adjudge_v omit_v but_o before_o i_o enter_v upon_o this_o part_n of_o my_o labour_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o premise_v this_o that_o i_o do_v not_o undertake_v this_o work_n with_o a_o intent_n â—o_o encourage_v man_n in_o give_v â—ll_o and_o unworthy_a language_n or_o to_o teacâ—â—_n they_o a_o lawless_a dyalect_n but_o as_o my_o lord_n cook_n speak_v to_o direct_v and_o instruct_v they_o right_o to_o manage_v that_o b._n which_o though_o but_o a_o little_a member_n prove_v often_o the_o great_a good_a or_o the_o great_a evil_n to_o most_o man_n and_o withal_o to_o deter_v man_n from_o word_n which_o be_v but_o wind_n as_o he_o further_o speak_v which_o subject_a man_n to_o action_n in_o which_o damage_n and_o cost_n be_v to_o be_v recover_v which_o usual_o trench_v to_o the_o great_a hindrance_n and_o impoverishment_n of_o the_o speaker_n and_o in_o truth_n that_o which_o cause_v i_o to_o enter_v upon_o this_o labour_n be_v the_o frequency_n of_o these_o action_n for_o i_o may_v with_o confidence_n affirm_v that_o they_o do_v at_o this_o day_n bring_v as_o much_o gryse_v to_o the_o mill_n if_o not_o more_o than_o any_o one_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n whatsoever_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v and_o certain_o never_o in_o a_o better_a time_n than_o now_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v suppress_v that_o word_n only_o of_o brangle_n heat_n and_o choler_n may_v not_o he_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v in_o those_o high_a and_o honourable_a court_n of_o justice_n for_o i_o profess_v for_o my_o part_n i_o judge_v of_o they_o as_o a_o great_a dishonour_n to_o the_o law_n and_o the_o professor_n thereof_o especial_o when_o i_o consider_v that_o they_o be_v use_v only_o as_o instrument_n to_o promote_v the_o malice_n and_o vent_v the_o spleen_n of_o private_a jar_n and_o discontent_n among_o man_n the_o apostle_n call_v in_o question_n the_o wisdom_n of_o man_n 5._o for_o go_v to_o law_n one_o with_o another_o be_v not_o to_o be_v intend_v as_o the_o learned_a observe_v upon_o that_o place_n general_o to_o condemn_v all_o legal_a prosecution_n be_v ause_fw-la a_o man_n may_v without_o question_n maintain_v his_o just_a right_n &_o privilege_n bâ—_n law_n but_o only_o to_o reprehend_v the_o folly_n of_o such_o who_o upon_o every_o slight_a and_o triviail_n occasion_n like_o many_o in_o these_o contention_n time_n care_v not_o to_o intayle_v a_o suit_n upon_o they_o and_o their_o posterity_n though_o in_o fine_a they_o dock_n their_o own_o intayle_n without_o recovery_n and_o just_o may_v action_n for_o word_n come_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o apostle_n exprobration_n i_o do_v not_o condemn_v all_o action_n for_o word_n neither_o for_o it_o be_v but_o equal_a that_o where_o a_o man_n life_n liveliehood_n or_o reputation_n which_o be_v dear_a to_o he_o then_o the_o former_a be_v much_o endanger_v by_o scandalous_a word_n that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o offender_n shall_v be_v enforce_v by_o action_n to_o make_v compensation_n but_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v flee_v to_o the_o law_n out_o of_o malice_n and_o make_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n maintainer_n of_o every_o small_a and_o vain_a brabble_n this_o seem_v to_o i_o utter_o unlawful_a and_o intolerable_a among_o christian_n i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o which_o wray_n chief_a justice_n b._n say_v in_o cook_n four_o book_n that_o though_o slander_v and_o false_a imputation_n be_v to_o be_v repress_v because_o that_o oftentimes_o a_o verbis_fw-la ad_fw-la verbera_fw-la perventum_fw-la est_fw-la which_o â—confes_v tend_v much_o to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o common_a peace_n and_o therefore_o by_o all_o mean_v possible_a to_o be_v prevent_v yet_o he_o say_v that_o the_o judge_n have_v resolve_v that_o action_n for_o scandal_n shall_v not_o be_v maintain_v by_o any_o strain_a construction_n or_o argument_n nor_o any_o favour_n extend_v for_o supportation_n of_o they_o and_o he_o add_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o because_o they_o do_v abound_v more_o in_o these_o day_n then_o in_o time_n past_a and_o the_o intemperance_n and_o malice_n of_o man_n increase_v et_fw-la malitijs_fw-la hominum_fw-la est_fw-la obviandum_fw-la and_o further_o add_v that_o in_o our_o old_a book_n action_n for_o scandal_n be_v very_o rare_a and_o such_o as_o be_v bring_v be_v for_o word_n of_o eminent_a slander_n and_o of_o great_a importance_n i_o be_v true_a that_o the_o law_n do_v in_o some_o case_n discountenance_v these_o action_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v a_o rule_n that_o word_n if_o they_o admit_v of_o a_o double_a construction_n shall_v always_o be_v take_v in_o the_o best_a sense_n for_o he_o that_o speak_v they_o as_o i_o shall_v make_v evident_a hereafter_o because_o usual_o they_o be_v speak_v in_o chollar_n and_o passion_n this_o i_o say_v the_o law_n do_v where_o the_o word_n be_v amphibolus_fw-la but_o if_o the_o word_n be_v clear_o actionable_a in_o such_o case_n the_o law_n will_v never_o aid_v a_o man_n though_o they_o be_v speak_v in_o the_o distemper_n of_o passion_n which_o seem_v very_o hard_a and_o unreasonable_a nay_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o extreme_a if_o counsel_n shall_v but_o inform_v the_o jury_n of_o the_o quality_n and_o reputation_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o also_o make_v they_o understand_v if_o they_o be_v capable_a the_o true_a sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n and_o the_o heinousness_n of_o they_o such_o word_n against_o such_o a_o person_n this_o enforce_a and_o press_v on_o by_o eminent_a council_n shall_v make_v a_o jury_n give_v a_o hundred_o pound_n damage_n whereas_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o they_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n by_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n be_v prejudice_v one_o farthing_n a_o case_n of_o very_o great_a extremity_n and_o worthy_a of_o relief_n and_o can_v any_o man_n deny_v but_o that_o this_o be_v a_o countenance_v of_o these_o frivolous_a action_n but_o give_v i_o leave_v reader_n and_o i_o will_v in_o a_o word_n inform_v you_o how_o this_o may_v be_v remedy_v and_o though_o the_o malice_n of_o man_n can_v be_v stop_v yet_o their_o action_n may_v let_v no_o word_n be_v actionable_a which_o do_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v speak_v in_o chollar_n and_o passion_n or_o if_o actionable_a yet_o let_v the_o plaintiff_n recover_v no_o more_o in_o damage_n than_o he_o can_v upon_o oath_n make_v appear_v that_o he_o be_v actual_o damnify_v by_o the_o speak_n of_o they_o and_o if_o this_o be_v provide_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n our_o new_a book_n will_v be_v as_o little_a infest_a with_o these_o frivolous_a action_n as_o the_o old_a one_o be_v
but_o i_o can_v thus_o balk_v that_o observation_n of_o that_o learned_a chief_a justice_n whoâ—ses_v that_o in_o our_o old_a book_n action_n for_o scandal_n be_v very_o rare_a and_o such_o as_o be_v bring_v be_v for_o word_n of_o eminent_a slander_n and_o of_o great_a importance_n this_o must_v needs_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v a_o most_o exact_a and_o true_a observation_n for_o in_o search_v of_o the_o book_n i_o can_v find_v that_o any_o action_n for_o scandalous_a word_n be_v bring_v before_o e._n 3._o time_n and_o so_o rare_a then_o that_o i_o find_v but_o one_o in_o 50._o year_n of_o e._n 3._o and_o that_o be_v sir_n thomas_n seton_n case_n of_o justice_n 19_o for_o call_v of_o he_o traitor_n felon_n and_o robber_n no_o frivolous_a cause_n of_o action_n and_o i_o find_v but_o three_o action_n for_o word_n bring_v in_o 22._o year_n of_o e._n 4._o and_o those_o for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o word_n 3._o for_o publish_v one_o to_o be_v the_o pilleine_fw-fr of_o i._n s._n a_o slander_n of_o no_o small_a importance_n neither_o for_o so_o long_o as_o that_o base_a and_o slavish_a tenure_n of_o pilleinage_n hold_v he_o that_o be_v a_o pilleine_fw-fr be_v subject_a both_o in_o person_n and_o estate_n to_o the_o will_n of_o his_o lord_n so_o that_o he_o may_v seize_v all_o his_o estate_n real_a and_o personal_a and_o vassalize_v his_o person_n at_o his_o pleasure_n so_o that_o he_o do_v not_o kill_v or_o maim_n he_o in_o all_o the_o 21._o year_n of_o h._n 7._o there_o be_v not_o one_o action_n that_o i_o can_v find_v bring_v for_o scandalous_a word_n and_o in_o 38._o year_n of_o h._n 8._o our_o book_n tell_v we_o but_o of_o five_o action_n bring_v for_o scandalous_a word_n 1st_a two_o whereof_o be_v in_o 27._o h._n 8._o so_o that_o i_o find_v none_o before_o that_o time_n neither_o the_o other_o be_v in_o 30._o h._n 8._o and_o 28._o h._n dyer_n and_o these_o for_o no_o trifle_a word_n for_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o one_o of_o they_o be_v for_o call_v a_o man_n heretic_n another_o for_o say_v a_o man_n be_v perjure_v and_o the_o other_o three_o for_o call_v of_o one_o thief_n all_o of_o which_o be_v high_a scandal_n to_o a_o man_n reputation_n and_o most_o of_o they_o tend_v to_o the_o loss_n of_o life_n and_o fortune_n so_o that_o it_o be_v very_o true_a that_o that_o reverend_n chief_a justice_n observe_v that_o these_o action_n be_v very_o rare_a in_o our_o old_a book_n and_o such_o as_o be_v bring_v be_v for_o word_n of_o eminent_a slander_n and_o of_o great_a importance_n but_o these_o few_o have_v now_o get_v such_o a_o numerous_a progeny_n that_o i_o fear_v we_o can_v turn_v over_o many_o leaf_n in_o our_o new_a book_n but_o we_o shall_v find_v one_o of_o these_o action_n they_o begin_v thus_o to_o multiply_v in_o the_o queen_n time_n as_o we_o find_v in_o my_o lord_n cock_n 4._o book_n where_o there_o be_v no_o less_o than_o 17._o adjudge_v case_n together_o upon_o these_o action_n and_o you_o may_v easy_o judge_v they_o do_v not_o abate_v in_o king_n jamses_n his_o time_n for_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o there_o be_v no_o less_o than_o two_o and_o twenty_o adjudge_v case_n upon_o these_o action_n in_o my_o lord_n hobart_n book_n and_o i_o be_o certain_a they_o be_v not_o fall_v in_o his_o majesty_n reign_n that_o now_o be_v for_o i_o myself_o have_v report_v no_o less_o than_o three_o and_o twenty_o judgement_n upon_o these_o action_n but_o from_o easter_n term_n in_o the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o the_o king_n to_o trinity_n term_n in_o the_o eighteen_o well_o therefore_o may_v wray_n chief_a justice_n say_v that_o the_o malice_n of_o man_n do_v more_o increase_n in_o these_o time_n then_o in_o time_n past_a and_o as_o he_o say_v the_o malice_n of_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v with_o stand_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v which_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o too_o frequent_a tollerate_n of_o action_n of_o this_o nature_n will_v not_o effect_v 2._o no_o more_o than_o fire_n can_v be_v extinguish_v by_o add_v fuel_n unto_o it_o you_o have_v hear_v my_o advice_n and_o direction_n before_o therefore_o i_o will_v here_o close_v this_o with_o one_o word_n though_o the_o tongue_n of_o man_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n i_o know_v no_o reason_n wherefore_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v use_v as_o bellows_n to_o bow_v the_o coal_n it_o be_v the_o say_n of_o the_o prophet_n david_n i_o will_v take_v heed_n to_o my_o way_n that_o i_o offend_v not_o with_o my_o tongue_n i_o will_v keep_v my_o mouth_n as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o bridle_n it_o be_v happy_a for_o all_o man_n if_o they_o can_v make_v the_o like_a resolution_n and_o keep_v it_o but_o see_v that_o we_o be_v but_o man_n while_o we_o carry_v this_o lump_n of_o flesh_n and_o mass_n of_o corruption_n about_o we_o we_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o like_a passion_n and_o affection_n that_o oâ—â—erâ—_n have_v be_v before_o we_o and_o the_o flesh_n will_v rebel_v against_o the_o spirit_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v provide_v this_o treatise_n upon_o action_n of_o slander_n as_o a_o bridle_n for_o all_o rash_a and_o inconsiderate_a â—ongues_n that_o see_v the_o mischief_n they_o may_v the_o better_a know_v how_o to_o avoid_v it_o and_o here_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o this_o as_o a_o general_a rule_n which_o i_o shall_v by_o the_o way_n as_o i_o go_v make_v good_a in_o every_o particular_a that_o all_o scandalous_a word_n which_o touch_n or_o concern_v a_o man_n in_o his_o life_n liberty_n or_o member_n or_o any_o corporal_a punishment_n or_o which_o scandal_n a_o man_n in_o his_o office_n or_o place_n of_o trust_n or_o in_o his_o call_v or_o function_n by_o which_o he_o gain_v his_o live_n or_o which_o tend_v to_o the_o slander_v of_o his_o title_n or_o his_o disinheritance_n or_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o advance_n i_o it_o or_o preferment_n or_o any_o other_o particular_a damage_n or_o last_o which_o charge_v a_o man_n to_o have_v any_o dangerous_a infectious_a disease_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o he_o ought_v to_o separate_v himself_o or_o to_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o law_n from_o the_o society_n of_o man_n all_o such_o word_n be_v actionable_a and_o first_o for_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o rule_n viz._n scandalous_a word_n which_o touch_n or_o concern_v a_o man_n in_o his_o life_n such_o word_n be_v actionable_a if_o a_o man_n call_v another_o traitor_n 22._o felon_n thief_n or_o murderer_n a_o action_n lie_v for_o these_o word_n because_o they_o call_v a_o man_n life_n in_o question_n 16._o so_o it_o be_v all_o one_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o kill_v or_o murder_v i._o s._n 196._o or_o that_o he_o steal_v his_o goodâ—_n or_o that_o he_o poison_v he_o if_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v witting_o do_v or_o the_o like_a these_o word_n likewise_o be_v actionable_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o book_n in_o the_o margin_n so_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v of_o another_o he_o have_v burn_v my_o bâ—â—ne_n with_o corn_n 20._o which_o be_v felony_n this_o likewise_o will_v bear_v a_o action_n i_o have_v a_o report_n of_o a_o case_n which_o be_v thus_o a_o servant_n of_o one_o mr._n roger_n brook_n say_v of_o one_o mis._n margaret_n passey_n that_o she_o send_v a_o letter_n to_o his_o master_n and_o in_o the_o say_a letter_n will_v his_o master_n to_o poison_v his_o wife_n bridget_n brooke_n and_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v say_v that_o upon_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n bring_v in_o the_o cnequer_n chamber_n it_o be_v resolve_v b._n the_o word_n be_v actionnable_a and_o the_o judgement_n affirm_v which_o case_n i_o confess_v i_o much_o doubt_n because_o here_o be_v but_o bare_a advice_n and_o nothing_o appear_v to_o be_v do_v like_o eaton_n case_n in_o cook_n 4_o book_n where_o the_o defendant_n say_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n that_o he_o give_v his_o champion_n council_n to_o make_v a_o dâ—ed_v of_o gift_n of_o his_o good_n to_o kill_v he_o etc._n etc._n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o that_o the_o purpose_n or_o intent_n of_o a_o man_n without_o act_n be_v not_o punishable_a by_o the_o law_n and_o i_o conceive_v it_o will_v not_o be_v like_o the_o case_n bench._n put_v by_o tanfiâ—ld_n iust._n in_o harris_n and_o hixons_n case_n where_o he_o say_v that_o to_o say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o lie_v in_o wait_n to_o rob_v or_o to_o murder_v i._o s._n will_v bear_v a_o action_n because_o that_o he_o accuse_v he_o of_o a_o act_n viz._n the_o preparation_n and_o lie_v in_o wait_n which_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o law_n but_o in_o the_o former_a case_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o bare_a advice_n 8._o which_o be_v not_o punishable_a by_o the_o law_n holy_a
bring_v a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n against_o sydnam_n for_o these_o word_n hâ—_n be_v infect_v of_o the_o robery_n and_o murder_n lately-committed_n and_o smell_n of_o the_o murder_n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o word_n infect_v one_o say_v of_o another_o thou_o do_v kill_v a_o woman_n great_a with_o child_n bench._n innuendo_fw-la jocosam_fw-la vxocem_fw-la cuiusdam_fw-la r._n s._n defunct_a and_o rule_v by_o the_o court_n that_o the_o action_n will_v lie_v though_o that_o the_o woman_n be_v utter_o incertain_a because_o that_o the_o offence_n and_o the_o party_n intend_v to_o commit_v it_o be_v certain_a and_o it_o be_v not_o like_o the_o case_n where_o one_o say_v that_o there_o be_v one_o in_o this_o company_n who_o have_v commit_v a_o murder_n there_o it_o be_v incertain_a of_o who_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v and_o can_v possible_o be_v aid_v by_o a_o innuendo_fw-la but_o here_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a without_o a_o innuendo_fw-la but_o quaere_fw-la whether_o the_o action_n will_v lie_v or_o no_o because_o there_o be_v no_o express_a averrement_n that_o the_o woman_n be_v dead_a for_o the_o innuendo_fw-la will_v not_o be_v suffitient_a 107._o hassellwood_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o garrâ—t_n for_o these_o word_n among_o other_o agree_v not_o to_o be_v actionable_a whosoever_o be_v he_o that_o be_v false_a thief_n and_o strong_a in_o the_o county_n of_o salop_n whatsoever_o he_o have_v steal_v or_o whatsoever_o he_o have_v do_v averment_n thomas_n hasselwood_n be_v false_a than_o he_o resolve_v that_o these_o word_n be_v actionable_a with_o a_o averrement_n that_o there_o be_v felon_n within_o the_o county_n of_o salop_n but_o for_o defanâ—t_v of_o such_o averrement_n the_o judgement_n be_v give_v in_o the_o common_a plea_n be_v reveâ—ed_v in_o this_o court_n bench._n stoner_n bring_v a_o action_n for_o word_n against_o gambell_n and_o declare_v that_o the_o deâ—endant_fw-fr dixit_fw-la deprefato_fw-la the_o plaintiff_n thau_fw-fr innuendo_fw-la etc._n etc._n have_v steal_v my_o good_n and_o upon_o not_o guilty_a plead_v the_o jury_n find_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o count_n be_v nought_o for_o the_o word_n be_v in_o the_o second_o person_n actionable_a and_o it_o be_v not_o all_o adge_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v present_a at_o the_o speak_n of_o they_o et_fw-la tota_n curia_fw-la contra_fw-la for_o dixit_fw-la deprefato_fw-la be_v as_o much_o as_o dixit_fw-la ad_fw-la prefatum_fw-la for_o can_v he_o say_v thou_o have_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n except_o that_o it_o be_v speak_v to_o he_o and_o rule_n be_v give_v for_o judgement_n b_o one_o â—â—â—mans_v say_v of_o hext_n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v but_o within_o two_o day_n to_o arrest_v hextâ—or_a â—or_z suspicion_n of_o felony_n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a because_o that_o for_o suspicion_n of_o felony_n he_o shall_v be_v imprison_v and_o his_o life_n draw_v in_o question_n hill_n 20._o jac._n in_o the_o king_n bench_n winch_n come_v to_o the_o bar_n and_o show_v a_o libel_n against_o another_o in_o court_n christian_n for_o these_o word_n thou_o be_v a_o witch_n and_o deal_v with_o witchery_n and_o do_v procure_v mother_n bale_n to_o witch_n the_o cattle_n of_o i._n s._n and_o upon_o this_o pray_v a_o prohibition_n because_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v remedy_n at_o law_n and_o by_o fenner_n and_o gawdy_n justice_n the_o other_o absent_a and_o prohibition_n lie_v because_o she_o have_v remedy_n at_o law_n so_o that_o their_o opinion_n be_v that_o a_o action_n will_v lie_v at_o the_o common_a law_n for_o call_v of_o one_o witch_n and_o in_o one_o edwards_n his_o case_n hill_n 40_o jac_n bench_n it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v three_o 〈◊〉_d adjudge_v that_o to_o call_v one_o witch_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n and_o also_o that_o a_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o call_v â—_o one_o hagge_n but_o i_o doubt_v of_o the_o latter_a because_o i_o take_v hag_n to_o be_v a_o doubtful_a word_n but_o why_o witch_n shall_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n i_o know_v no_o reason_n 155._o be_v tâ—e_v life_n may_v be_v thereby_o draw_v in_o question_n though_o i_o know_v it_o have_v be_v doubt_v martial_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o steward_n for_o say_v the_o devil_n appear_v to_o thou_o every_o night_n in_o the_o likeness_n of_o a_o black_a man_n ride_v upon_o a_o black_a horse_n and_o thou_o conferre_v with_o he_o and_o whatsoever_o thou_o do_v ask_v he_o give_v it_o thou_o and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n thou_o have_v so_o much_o money_n adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v actionable_a note_v reader_n that_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 10_o of_o king_n james_n cap._n 12._o conjuration_n or_o consultation_n with_o the_o devil_n be_v felony_n in_o the_o case_n of_o hawes_n mich._n 17._o of_o the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v 17_o this_o case_n be_v put_v and_o agree_v by_o the_o judge_n bench._n one_o say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o have_v receive_v a_o 〈◊〉_d priest_n adjudge_v actionable_a because_o it_o be_v felony_n he_o may_v receive_v a_o romish_a priest_n and_o yet_o not_o know_v he_o to_o be_v so_o like_o the_o case_n i_o have_v put_v you_o afterward_o therefore_o quere_z sir_n john_n sydenham_n against_o timothy_n man_n clark_n i_o think_v in_o my_o conscience_n that_o if_o sir_n john_n sydenham_n may_v have_v his_o will_n 15â—_n he_o will_v kill_v all_o the_o subject_n in_o england_n and_o the_o king_n too_o and_o he_o be_v a_o maintainer_n of_o papistry_n and_o rebellious_a person_n these_o word_n upon_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n be_v adjudge_v actionable_a it_o seem_v somewhat_o hard_o to_o i_o reader_n that_o word_n of_o thought_n or_o opinion_n only_o shall_v bear_v a_o action_n as_o here_o in_o the_o former_a word_n b._n and_o for_o the_o latter_a word_n that_o he_o be_v a_o maintainer_n of_o rebellious_a person_n they_o be_v adjective_n only_o b._n and_o do_v not_o import_v any_o act_n of_o rebellion_n in_o those_o person_n but_o only_o a_o inclination_n to_o it_o but_o of_o this_o more_o hereafter_o if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o do_v like_a or_o approve_v of_o those_o that_o maintain_v sedition_n against_o the_o king_n 13_o i_o conceive_v that_o these_o word_n be_v actionable_a and_o sedition_n be_v a_o violent_a and_o public_a thing_n of_o which_o he_o can_v but_o have_v notice_n this_o rule_n be_v agree_v by_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o debate_n of_o a_o case_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n bench._n that_o many_o word_n though_o of_o themselves_o they_o be_v not_o actionable_a yet_o be_v equivolent_a to_o word_n that_o be_v actionable_a will_v bear_v on_o action_n and_o it_o be_v say_v by_o jones_n justice_n that_o in_o yorkshire_n strain_v of_o a_o mare_n be_v all_o one_o with_o bugger_v of_o a_o mare_n and_o therefore_o he_o say_v that_o a_o action_n will_v sie_v for_o these_o word_n with_o a_o averrement_n that_o they_o tantamount_n to_o bugger_v of_o a_o mare_n note_v by_o his_o opinion_n in_o such_o case_n there_o must_v be_v a_o averrement_n of_o the_o mâ—â—â—ning_n or_o importance_n of_o the_o word_n averrement_n yet_o my_o lord_n hobart_n have_v several_a case_n adjudge_v where_o a_o man_n bring_v a_o action_n for_o welsh_a word_n case_n and_o do_v not_o aver_v what_o the_o word_n do_v import_v in_o english_a and_o yet_o judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o the_o court_n take_v information_n upon_o oath_n by_o welshman_n what_o the_o word_n mean_v in_o english_a averrement_n and_o in_o one_o of_o the_o case_n sergeant_n john_n moor_n then_o inform_v tâ—â—_n court_v that_o judgement_n have_v be_v give_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o the_o case_n of_o tuâ—h_n upon_o these_o word_n bench._n thou_o be_v a_o healer_n of_o felon_n without_o any_o averâ—ement_n how_o the_o word_n be_v take_v because_o the_o court_n be_v inform_v and_o take_v knowledge_n that_o in_o some_o county_n it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o smotherer_n of_o felon_n the_o caâ—_n intend_v by_o sergeant_n moor_n be_v i_o conceive_v the_o case_n of_o pridham_n and_o tucker_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n bench._n where_o the_o word_n be_v adjudge_v actionable_a without_o a_o averrement_n and_o in_o this_o case_n â—t_z be_v agree_v that_o word_n may_v be_v slanderon_n in_o one_o county_n and_o not_o in_o another_o for_o in_o norfolk_n they_o know_v not_o what_o healer_n signify_v another_o but_o this_o be_v in_o deâ—â—nshire_n where_o this_o word_n be_v use_v for_o concealer_n of_o thief_n will_v be_v actionable_a and_o i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v general_o true_a that_o in_o all_o case_n where_o a_o man_n life_n may_v beâ—_n draw_v in_o question_n by_o scandalous_a word_n that_o such_o word_n be_v actionable_a and_o now_o i_o shall_v cite_v a_o case_n or_o two_o where_o
that_o he_o have_v commit_v felony_n and_o so_o it_o have_v be_v often_o adjudge_v i_o will_v only_o cite_v one_o case_n in_o the_o point_n hasselwood_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o garret_n for_o these_o word_n 107._o i_o can_v find_v in_o this_o parish_n a_o false_a knave_n than_o briscoe_n be_v the_o which_o briscoe_n be_v indict_v of_o felony_n &_o burglary_n and_o be_v go_v to_o stafford_n goal_n and_o that_o false_a knâ—ve_n be_v thomas_n hasselwood_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o these_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o that_o briscoe_n may_v be_v indict_v and_o yet_o be_v a_o honest_a man_n thou_o have_v layeâ—_n in_o fuller_n tub_n case_n in_o which_o none_o come_v but_o those_o that_o have_v the_o pox_n adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v nor_o actionable_a because_o this_o be_v no_o direct_a affirmation_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v the_o pox._n poland_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o mason_n 381._o for_o say_v i_o charge_v he_o mean_v the_o plaintiff_n with_o felony_n etc._n etc._n adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o that_o he_o do_v not_o affirm_v that_o he_o be_v a_o felon_n but_o do_v only_o say_v that_o he_o do_v charge_v he_o with_o felony_n which_o he_o may_v do_v in_o some_o case_n though_o he_o do_v not_o the_o fact_n as_o if_o a_o felony_n be_v do_v and_o the_o common_a fame_n be_v that_o he_o do_v it_o any_o one_o that_o suspect_v he_o may_v charge_v he_o with_o it_o henâ—y_o bring_v a_o action_n against_o fitâ—h_n for_o these_o word_n 286._o i_o arrest_v you_o for_o felony_n agree_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_v for_o this_o be_v no_o positive_a charge_n that_o he_o be_v a_o felon_n and_o this_o may_v be_v lawful_o do_v upon_o a_o common_a fame_n as_o be_v say_v before_o thus_o you_o see_v that_o word_n that_o be_v not_o direct_o affirmative_a will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n yet_o you_o may_v see_v before_o fol._n 7._o where_o word_n which_o imply_v a_o affirmative_a only_o shall_v be_v actionable_a as_o to_o say_v that_o i_o will_v prove_v that_o you_o steal_v my_o book_n or_o the_o like_a but_o of_o this_o sufficient_a second_o â—_o word_n that_o be_v of_o a_o double_a or_o indifferent_a meaning_n the_o law_n will_v take_v in_o the_o best_a sense_n for_o the_o speaker_n and_o sâ—_n adjudge_v they_o actionable_a for_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o that_o verba_fw-la accipienda_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o mitiori_fw-la sensu_fw-la yeoman_n and_o hext_n case_v cite_v before_o b._n for_o my_o land_n in_o allerton_n hext_n seek_v my_o life_n etc._n etc._n adjudge_v these_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o he_o may_v seek_v his_o life_n lawful_o upon_o just_a cause_n and_o his_o land_n may_v be_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o so_o in_o mitiori_fw-la sâ—nsu_fw-la barham_n bring_v a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n against_o nethersall_n â—_o and_o the_o word_n be_v master_n bâ—rham_n do_v burn_v my_o barn_n innuendo_fw-la a_o barue_v with_o corn_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o none_o but_o he_o and_o after_o verdict_n it_o be_v move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a for_o it_o be_v not_o felony_n to_o burn_v a_o barn_n if_o it_o be_v not_o parcel_n of_o a_o mansion_n house_n nor_o full_a of_o corn_n and_o in_o such_o case_n agitur_fw-la civiliter_fw-la and_o not_o criminaliter_fw-la and_o word_n must_v be_v take_v in_o mitiori_fw-la sensu_fw-la and_o the_o innuendo_fw-la will_v not_o serve_v when_o the_o word_n themselves_o be_v not_o slanderous_a jeam_n his_o case_n 17._o hang_v he_o he_o be_v full_a of_o the_o pox_n i_o marvel_v that_o you_o will_v eat_v or_o drink_v with_o he_o etc._n etc._n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n werâ—_n noâ—_n actionable_a because_o they_o shall_v be_v take_v in_o mitiori_fw-la sensu_fw-la for_o the_o small_a pox_n and_o not_o the_o french_a pox._n but_o noâ—e_v that_o in_o hawtry_n and_o miles_n case_n cite_v afterward_o it_o be_v say_v by_o fenner_n just_o bench._n that_o to_o say_v that_o a_o man_n be_v lay_v of_o the_o pox_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n because_o that_o be_v the_o phrase_n for_o the_o french_a pox._n adrian_n coote_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o adrian_n gilbert_n for_o these_o word_n 97._o thou_o be_v a_o thief_n and_o have_v steal_v a_o tree_n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a and_o agree_v that_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o and_o thou_o have_v steal_v and_o for_o thou_o have_v steal_v for_o in_o common_a acceptation_n and_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v but_o a_o verify_n and_o make_v good_a of_o the_o general_a word_n thief_n and_o then_o a_o tree_n shall_v be_v understand_v rather_o of_o a_o tree_n stand_v then_o fell_v which_o can_v be_v no_o felony_n or_o theft_n for_o that_o a_o man_n can_v steal_v a_o man_n inheritance_n so_o clarke_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o gilbert_n for_o these_o word_n 406._o thou_o be_v a_o thief_n and_o have_v steal_v twenty_o load_n of_o my_o furz_n adjudge_v that_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v for_o the_o reason_n give_v in_o the_o former_a case_n the_o like_a law_n be_v â—_o if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o have_v steal_v his_o apple_n or_o his_o corn_n or_o rob_v his_o hoppe_n ground_n or_o the_o like_a the_o law_n in_o these_o case_n will_v adjudge_v they_o rather_o grow_v then_o gather_v or_o cut_v down_o and_o so_o the_o word_n not_o actionable_a thus_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o where_o the_o word_n may_v be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a or_o a_o indifferent_a meaning_n that_o the_o law_n will_v ever_o take_v they_o best_o for_o the_o speaker_n i_o shall_v only_o put_v one_o case_n more_o upon_o this_o ground_n and_o so_o pass_v it_o over_o pawlin_fw-ge bring_v a_fw-mi action_n against_o ford_n for_o these_o word_n bâ—nch_n thou_o be_v a_o thievish_a rogue_n and_o have_v steal_v my_o wood._n it_o be_v in_o this_o case_n say_v at_o bar_n the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o it_o shall_v be_v construe_v rather_o to_o be_v wood_n stand_v then_o cut_v down_o like_o those_o case_n put_v before_o but_o bramston_n chief_a justice_n seem_v to_o incline_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a because_o that_o wood_n can_v be_v otherwise_o intend_v then_o of_o wood_n cut_v down_o according_a to_o the_o old_a verse_n arbour_n duâ—_n crescit_fw-la lignum_fw-la dum_fw-la crescere_fw-la nescu_fw-la and_o so_o it_o be_v adjourn_v without_o more_o say_n note_v reader_n 1366._o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o bramston_n chief_a justice_n betwixt_o litchfield_n and_o saunders_n for_o the_o same_o word_n he_o have_v steal_v my_o wood_n to_o which_o the_o defendant_n demur_v it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o tanfield_n justice_n say_v that_o the_o word_n shall_v be_v intend_v according_a to_o the_o most_o usual_a sense_n intent_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v lignum_fw-la and_o not_o arbour_n as_o if_o one_o say_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v commit_v a_o murder_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v intend_v that_o he_o have_v murder_v a_o hare_n but_o a_o man_n you_o may_v here_o observe_v reader_n that_o though_o word_n of_o a_o double_a or_o indifferent_a meaning_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o best_a intendment_n for_o the_o speaker_n as_o i_o have_v sufficient_o clear_v it_o unto_o you_o yet_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v take_v contrary_a to_o common_a intendment_n for_o as_o you_o shall_v not_o strain_v word_n to_o a_o intent_n not_o apparent_a to_o make_v they_o actionable_a so_o you_o must_v not_o wrâ—st_v they_o contrary_a to_o common_a intent_n to_o make_v they_o noâ—_n actionable_a this_o be_v apparent_a by_o sanders_n his_o case_n immediate_o before_o where_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o to_o say_v of_o another_o you_o have_v steal_v my_o wood_n shalâ—_n be_v intend_v to_o be_v lignum_fw-la and_o not_o arbour_n and_o so_o actionable_a so_o to_o say_v of_o a_o man_n that_o he_o have_v commit_v a_o murder_n shall_v 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plaintiff_n it_o be_v move_v by_o hobart_n attorney_n general_n that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a for_o this_o reason_n among_o other_o all_o rule_v against_o he_o â—_o because_o that_o the_o word_n have_v the_o use_n of_o her_o body_n be_v incertain_a and_o of_o a_o double_a intendment_n and_o therefore_o shall_v be_v take_v in_o the_o best_a sense_n to_o have_v the_o use_n of_o her_o body_n as_o a_o tailor_n in_o measure_v or_o a_o physician_n in_o give_v physic_n or_o the_o like_a and_o not_o in_o any_o worse_a â—ence_n but_o by_o popham_n chief_a justice_n the_o word_n be_v actionable_a intent_n when_o word_n be_v speak_v that_o may_v have_v a_o double_a intent_n or_o meaning_n they_o shall_v be_v expound_v according_a to_o common_a intent_n for_o otherwise_o he_o which_o intend_v to_o slander_v another_o may_v speak_v slanderous_a word_n which_o by_o common_a intendment_n shaâ—l_v be_v expound_v a_o slander_n and_o yet_o no_o action_n lie_v and_o here_o the_o word_n 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in_o the_o chequer_n chamber_n it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n that_o it_o be_v do_v witting_o 236._o gibs_n and_o jenkins_n case_n to_o say_v of_o a_o man_n that_o he_o boar_n away_o money_n or_o the_o like_a will_v not_o be_v actionable_a a._n say_v of_o b._n that_o he_o take_v away_o money_n from_o he_o with_o a_o strong_a hand_n bench._n for_o which_o b._n bring_v a_o action_n adjudge_v that_o it_o will_v not_o lie_v bramstan_n chiefâ—_n justice_n in_o the_o argue_n of_o hawes_n case_n mich._n 1â—_n of_o this_o king_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n remember_v this_o case_n he_o do_v assault_v i_o and_o take_v away_o my_o purse_n from_o i_o and_o he_o say_v that_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a plâ—as_n the_o reason_n of_o these_o case_n be_v because_o that_o for_o aught_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n which_o be_v of_o themselves_o uncertain_a these_o may_v be_v trespass_n only_o and_o no_o felony_n again_o where_o the_o person_n scandalize_v be_v uncertain_a no_o action_n will_v lie_v if_o one_o say_v without_o any_o precedent_a communication_n of_o any_o person_n incertain_a that_o one_o of_o the_o servant_n of_o b._n he_o have_v divers_a be_v a_o notorious_a felon_n or_o traitor_n b._n etc._n etc._n here_o before_o the_o incertainety_n of_o the_o person_n no_o action_n lie_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v make_v good_a by_o a_o innuendo_fw-la so_o ibi_fw-la if_o one_o say_v general_o i_o know_v one_o near_a about_o b._n that_o be_v a_o notorious_a thief_n or_o the_o like_a no_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n so_o as_o it_o be_v in_o fleetwoods_n case_n in_o hobart_n report_v 351._o if_o a_o man_n say_v look_v upon_o three_o person_n one_o of_o these_o murder_v a_o man_n no_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o these_o word_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o incertainety_n of_o the_o person_n neither_o can_v a_o innuendo_fw-la help_v the_o incertainety_n and_o note_v reader_n that_o these_o case_n be_v not_o like_o wiseman_n case_n wiseman_n of_o grays-inn_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o wiseman_n of_o lincollins-inne_n his_o brother_n for_o these_o word_n bench._n my_o brother_n mean_v the_o plaintiff_n be_v perjure_v and_o i_o will_v justify_v it_o upon_o not_o guilty_a plead_v it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o it_o be_v move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o certain_a enough_o to_o ground_v a_o action_n upon_o because_o the_o plaintiff_n may_v have_v more_o brother_n and_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v of_o which_o of_o they_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v but_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o action_n will_v well_o lie_v because_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o they_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o the_o jury_n have_v find_v according_o and_o here_o tanfield_n justice_n take_v this_o difference_n where_o the_o word_n themselves_o be_v incertain_a as_o to_o say_v one_o of_o my_o brother_n be_v perjure_v there_o they_o can_v never_o be_v make_v good_a by_o any_o averrement_n but_o where_o the_o word_n be_v certain_a in_o themselves_o so_o that_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o speaker_n intend_v a_o person_n certain_a there_o they_o may_v be_v make_v certain_a by_o such_o a_o declaration_n and_o the_o find_n of_o the_o jury._n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v divers_a brother_n the_o defendant_n shall_v have_v plead_v it_o and_o then_o issue_n shall_v have_v be_v take_v whether_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n or_o no._n nor_o be_v the_o former_a case_n like_o a_o case_n which_o i_o cite_v before_o mich._n 2._o jac._n where_o a_o action_n be_v bring_v for_o these_o word_n bench._n thou_o do_v kill_v a_o woman_n great_a with_o child_n innuend_a jocosam_fw-la vxorem_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la r._n s._n defunct_a where_o it_o be_v rule_v that_o though_o the_o woman_n be_v utter_o incertain_a yet_o because_o the_o offence_n 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they_o be_v as_o sufficient_o lay_v to_o entitle_v every_o of_o the_o defendant_n to_o a_o several_a action_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v special_o name_v here_o you_o see_v the_o word_n may_v be_v sufficient_o certain_a by_o relation_n five_o where_o former_a word_n actionable_a be_v qualify_v with_o subsequent_a word_n not_o actionable_a there_o though_o the_o former_a word_n speak_v general_o and_o by_o themselves_o will_v have_v maintain_v a_o action_n yet_o now_o take_v altogether_o they_o will_v not_o be_v actionable_a thou_o be_v a_o thief_n for_o thou_o have_v steal_v my_o apple_n out_o of_o my_o orchard_n or_o for_o thou_o have_v rob_v my_o hopground_n or_o for_o thou_o have_v steal_v a_o tree_n or_o for_o thou_o have_v steal_v my_o furze_n as_o i_o have_v put_v you_o the_o case_n before_o or_o thou_o be_v a_o thief_n and_o thou_o have_v steal_v my_o apple_n out_o of_o my_o orchard_n or_o and_o thou_o have_v rob_v my_o hop_v ground_n etc._n etc._n and_o and_o for_o have_v both_o one_o and_o the_o same_o signification_n in_o these_o case_n as_o i_o have_v clear_v it_o to_o you_o before_o to_o be_v adjudge_v and_o in_o all_o these_o case_n no_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o the_o latter_a word_n do_v qualify_v the_o former_a for_o the_o former_a word_n say_v he_o to_o be_v a_o thief_n but_o the_o latter_a prove_v he_o to_o be_v noâ—e_n i_o have_v give_v the_o reason_n before_o because_o that_o in_o all_o these_o case_n the_o law_n which_o will_v always_o construe_v word_n the_o best_a for_o the_o speaker_n will_v take_v the_o apple_n hope_n &c._n &c._n to_o be_v grow_v and_o then_o it_o be_v trespass_n only_o and_o not_o felony_n to_o take_v they_o away_o because_o felony_n as_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o before_o can_v be_v commit_v of_o that_o which_o be_v parce_fw-fr of_o a_o man_n inheritance_n as_o these_o be_v whilst_o they_o be_v grow_v britteridge_n bring_v a_o action_n for_o these_o word_n b._n britteridge_n be_v a_o perjure_a old_a knave_n and_o that_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o a_o stake_n part_v the_o land_n of_o h._n martin_n and_o m._n wright_n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o though_o the_o former_a word_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n the_o latter_a do_v so_o qualify_v and_o extenuate_v they_o that_o take_v altogether_o they_o be_v not_o actionable_a for_o the_o latter_a word_n do_v explain_v his_o intent_n that_o he_o do_v not_o intend_v any_o judicial_a perjury_n also_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o stake_n can_v prove_v he_o perjure_v and_o therefore_o for_o the_o impossibility_n and_o insensibility_n of_o the_o word_n the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v six_o where_o the_o word_n do_v not_o import_v a_o act_n but_o a_o intent_n only_o or_o a_o inclination_n to_o it_o there_o such_o word_n except_o where_o they_o sâ—and_v all_o a_o man_n in_o his_o function_n or_o profession_n will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o be_v a_o seditious_a knave_n b._n or_o a_o thievish_a knave_n or_o a_o traitorous_a knave_n these_o word_n will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n because_o that_o the_o word_n do_v not_o import_v that_o he_o have_v do_v or_o be_v guilty_a of_o sedition_n felony_n or_o treason_n but_o be_v adjective_n word_n which_o import_v a_o inclination_n to_o it_o only_o but_o if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o be_v a_o parjured_a knave_n a_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o these_o word_n because_o that_o the_o adjective_n perjure_a presume_v a_o act_n commit_v or_o otherwise_o he_o can_v be_v perjure_v beside_o ibi_fw-la adjective_n word_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n when_o they_o scandal_n a_o man_n in_o his_o office_n function_n or_o trade_n by_o which_o he_o do_v acquire_v his_o live_n though_o they_o do_v not_o import_v a_o act_n do_v my_o lord_n cook_n cite_v this_o case_n adjudge_v 24._o eliz._n between_o philip_n parson_n of_o d._n and_o badby_n in_o a_o action_n bring_v for_o these_o word_n thou_o have_v a_o seditious_a sermon_n and_o move_v the_o people_n to_o sedition_n this_o day_n resolve_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a notwithstanding_o that_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o word_n be_v utter_a adjective_n and_o the_o last_o word_n be_v but_o a_o motive_n to_o sedition_n and_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o any_o thing_n ensue_v yet_o because_o that_o they_o scandal_n the_o plaintiff_n in_o his_o function_n they_o be_v adjudge_v actionable_a so_o 72._o if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o a_o merchant_n that_o he_o be_v a_o bankrupt_o knave_n or_o a_o bankrupt_a knave_n these_o word_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n though_o that_o the_o bankrupt_a be_v adjective_n or_o if_o one_o say_v of_o a_o merchant_n that_o he_o will_v be_v bankrupt_a within_o two_o day_n which_o import_v but_o a_o inclination_n â—yâ—t_v a_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o these_o scandal_n reach_v to_o the_o profession_n so_o if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o a_o officer_n or_o judge_n a_o that_o he_o be_v a_o corrupt_a officer_n or_o judge_n though_o the_o word_n be_v adjective_n yet_o a_o action_n lie_v for_o both_o cause_n first_o because_o the_o word_n touch_v he_o in_o his_o office_n and_o then_o because_o they_o do_v import_v a_o act_n do_v hob._n keep_v pag._n 12._o pl._n 17._o yard_o and_o ellillâ—_n case_n to_o say_v of_o a_o atorney_n that_o he_o be_v a_o bribe_a knave_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n though_o the_o word_n be_v adjective_n word_n likewise_o that_o import_n a_o intent_n only_o will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n the_o defendant_n say_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o he_o be_v a_o brable_a &_o a_o quarrel_n he_o give_v his_o champion_n counsel_n to_o make_v a_o deed_n of_o gift_n of_o his_o good_n to_o kill_v i_o etc._n etc._n but_o god_n preserve_v i_o case_n the_o book_n say_v that_o it_o be_v strong_o urge_v that_o the_o action_n shall_v be_v maintainable_a and_o divers_a case_n cite_v which_o i_o will_v remember_v unto_o you_o my_o lady_n cockein_n case_n for_o these_o word_n bench._n my_o lady_n cockein_n offer_v to_o give_v poison_n to_o one_o to_o kill_v the_o child_n in_o her_o body_n another_o betwixt_o tibet_n and_o heyne_n in_o gloucester_n for_o these_o word_n tibot_n and_o another_o do_v agree_v to_o hire_v one_o to_o kill_v b._n also_o cardinal_n case_n for_o these_o word_n if_o i_o have_v consent_v to_o master_n cardinal_n t._n h._n have_v not_o be_v alive_a and_o the_o lord_n lumlye_v case_n my_o lord_n lumley_n have_v go_v about_o to_o take_v away_o my_o life_n against_o all_o christian_a deal_v but_o notwithstanding_o these_o case_n the_o book_n say_v that_o upon_o great_a deliberation_n and_o advisement_n it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o in_o the_o principal_a case_n the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o that_o the_o purpose_n or_o intent_n of_o a_o man_n without_o act_n be_v not_o punishable_a by_o the_o law_n my_o l._n cook_n in_o the_o close_a of_o this_o case_n say_v note_v well_o this_o case_n and_o the_o cause_v and_o 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britteridge_n be_v a_o perjure_a old_a knave_n and_o that_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o a_o stake_n part_v the_o land_n of_o h._n martin_n and_o m._n wright_n adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o stake_n can_v prove_v he_o perjure_v last_o where_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n can_v be_v no_o damage_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n there_o likewise_o no_o action_n will_v lie_v the_o plaintiff_n show_v in_o his_o count_n a_o that_o the_o defendant_n have_v a_o wife_n yet_o in_o life_n and_o that_o the_o defendant_n say_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n thou_o have_v kill_v my_o wife_n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o that_o it_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o plaintiff_n declaration_n that_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o defendant_n be_v in_o life_n so_o that_o by_o these_o word_n the_o plaintiff_n can_v not_o be_v in_o any_o jeopardy_n nor_o scandal_v or_o damnify_v by_o they_o the_o like_a case_n be_v put_v in_o 〈◊〉_d thomas_n hâ—lt_n and_o tailor_n case_n pasch._n bench._n 5._o of_o king_n james_n if_o one_o say_v of_o a_o woman_n that_o she_o have_v murder_v her_o husband_n and_o she_o and_o her_o husband_n bring_v the_o action_n it_o will_v not_o lie_v because_o it_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o record_n that_o the_o slander_n be_v not_o prejuditiall_a and_o as_o when_o it_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o record_n that_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n can_v be_v no_o damage_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n no_o action_n will_v lie_v so_o where_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n may_v be_v a_o damage_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n yet_o if_o the_o ground_n of_o tâ—at_a damnification_n do_v not_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v a_o brâ—ught_v a_o action_n against_o b._n for_o say_v that_o he_o keep_v false_a wait_v by_o which_o he_o do_v cousin_n a._n etc._n etc._n and_o declare_v that_o he_o gain_v his_o live_n by_o buy_v and_o selâ—ing_v but_o do_v not_o show_v of_o what_o profession_n he_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o it_o can_v appear_v without_o show_v of_o his_o profession_n that_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n can_v be_v any_o damage_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n a._n bring_v a_o action_n against_o b._n for_o these_o word_n pleas._n thou_o have_v kill_v my_o brother_n innuendo_fw-la g._n etc._n etc._n fratrem_fw-la etc._n etc._n nuper_fw-la mortuum_fw-la adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v not_o aver_v that_o he_o be_v dead_a at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v and_o if_o he_o be_v live_v than_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n can_v be_v no_o slander_n or_o damage_n to_o the_o plaintif_a so_o where_o a_o man_n bring_v a_o action_n for_o welsh_a word_n or_o the_o like_o which_o be_v scandelous_a 236._o and_o do_v not_o aver_v or_o set_v forth_o that_o they_o be_v speak_v to_o one_o who_o understand_v the_o meaning_n of_o they_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n that_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n can_v be_v any_o damage_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o if_o they_o be_v speak_v to_o one_o that_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o meaning_n of_o they_o no_o action_n will_v lie_v because_o they_o can_v be_v no_o scandal_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v add_v to_o the_o rest_n only_o this_o one_o ground_n where_o word_n shall_v not_o be_v actionable_a and_o that_o be_v in_o this_o case_n when_o a_o man_n be_v charge_v with_o a_o crime_n or_o offence_n by_o scandalous_a word_n where_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n that_o he_o have_v notice_n or_o knowledge_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o occasion_n of_o the_o crime_n or_o offence_n in_o such_o case_n no_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o such_o word_n bridge_n bring_v a_o action_n for_o those_o word_n he_o prefat_n bridges_n innuendo_fw-la be_v a_o maintainer_n of_o t'heeve_n and_o he_o keep_v none_o but_o thief_n in_o his_o â—ouse_n and_o i_o will_v prove_v it_o upon_o a_o write_v of_o error_n in_o the_o chequer_n chamber_n it_o be_v hold_v the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o he_o may_v maintain_v thief_n without_o notice_n and_o therefore_o the_o first_o judgement_n be_v reverse_v like_o the_o case_n in_o my_o lord_n hobart_n book_n where_o a_o action_n be_v bring_v against_o another_o for_o say_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n keep_v man_n which_o do_v rob_v upon_o the_o highway_n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n because_o that_o he_o may_v keep_v they_o and_o not_o know_v they_o to_o be_v such_o person_n in_o the_o case_n of_o reade_n and_o saul_n which_o be_v mich._n 40._o eâ—_n 41._o of_o the_o queen_n plea_n this_o case_n be_v remember_v by_o walmesley_n justice_n a_o man_n bring_v a_o action_n in_o that_o court_n for_o these_o word_n he_o mean_v the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o receiver_n of_o thief_n and_o he_o say_v that_o in_o this_o 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appear_v that_o he_o do_v it_o witting_o stanhop_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o blithe_n for_o these_o word_n 25._o mr._n stanhop_n have_v but_o one_o manor_n and_o that_o he_o have_v get_v by_o swear_v and_o forswear_v resolve_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a for_o this_o reason_n among_o other_o for_o that_o he_o may_v recover_v or_o obtain_v a_o manor_n by_o swear_v and_o forsware_v and_o yet_o he_o not_o procure_v or_o assent_v to_o it_o and_o now_o i_o be_o come_v to_o the_o second_o part_n or_o clause_n of_o that_o general_a rule_n lay_v down_o before_o where_o i_o be_o to_o show_v you_o that_o scandalous_a word_n which_o touch_n or_o concern_v a_o man_n in_o his_o liberty_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n by_o the_o book_n in_o the_o margin_n the_o law_n be_v plain_a a._n that_o if_o i_o publish_v and_o claim_v b._n to_o be_v my_o villain_fw-fr that_o in_o such_o case_n no_o action_n will_v lie_v because_o i_o myself_o claim_v a_o interest_n in_o he_o and_o the_o law_n will_v not_o in_o such_o case_n punish_v a_o man_n for_o than_o no_o man_n dare_v claim_v his_o own_o for_o fear_v of_o a_o action_n but_o upon_o these_o book_n i_o conceive_v the_o law_n be_v evident_a that_o if_o a_o man_n have_v publish_v another_o to_o be_v the_o villain_n of_o i._o n._n that_o in_o such_o case_n a_o action_n will_v have_v lie_v because_o these_o word_n tend_v to_o the_o enslave_v of_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n and_o to_o the_o utter_a deprivation_n of_o his_o liberty_n which_o the_o law_n so_o much_o favour_n for_o as_o it_o be_v well_o know_v he_o that_o be_v a_o villain_n he_o be_v subject_a both_o in_o person_n and_o estate_n to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n soâ—_n that_o he_o may_v seize_v all_o his_o estate_n real_a and_o personal_a and_o vassalise_v his_o person_n at_o pleasure_n so_o that_o he_o do_v not_o kill_v or_o maim_v he_o but_o i_o conceive_v that_o at_o this_o day_n a_o action_n in_o such_o case_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o that_o time_n 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perjure_v and_o therefore_o not_o actionable_a thomas_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o axworth_n for_o these_o word_n 4_o this_o be_v john_n thomas_n his_o writing_n he_o have_v forge_v this_o warrant_n adjudge_v the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v harvy_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o duckin_n pl._n for_o say_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v forge_v a_o write_n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a the_o reason_n of_o these_o case_n be_v because_o of_o the_o incertainty_n of_o the_o word_n warrant_n and_o write_n and_o as_o i_o have_v give_v you_o the_o rule_n before_o the_o scandal_n must_v be_v certain_a and_o apparent_a in_o the_o word_n themselves_o otherwise_o they_o will_v not_o be_v actionable_a by_o tanfield_n justice_n in_o wiseman_n case_n cite_v before_o if_o a_o man_n say_v that_o one_o of_o his_o brother_n be_v perjure_v no_o action_n will_v lie_v because_o of_o the_o incertainty_n in_o the_o case_n which_o i_o put_v you_o before_o move_v by_o williams_n 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adjudge_v not_o actionable_a 9_o jac._n in_o the_o king_n bench_n bench._n the_o overseer_n of_o the_o poor_a have_v cozen_v the_o poor_a of_o all_o their_o bread_n this_o be_v likewise_o say_v to_o be_v adjudge_v not_o actionable_a but_o i_o do_v some_o what_o doubt_v of_o this_o case_n because_o the_o word_n do_v scandal_n the_o plaintiff_n in_o his_o office_n of_o overseer_n but_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o this_o be_v a_o office_n of_o burden_n and_o trouble_v and_o not_o of_o profit_n 26._o of_o the_o queen_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n kerby_n and_o welter_n case_n bench._n thou_o be_v a_o false_a knave_n and_o have_v cozen_v my_o two_o kinsman_n adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a 18._o of_o the_o queen_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n bench._n sergeant_n fenner_n have_v cozen_v i_o and_o all_o my_o kindred_n adjudge_v the_o word_n will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n out_o of_o which_o case_n we_o may_v by_o the_o way_n observe_v this_o for_o law_n a._n that_o 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declare_v that_o where_o he_o have_v be_v bayly_n to_o sir_n william_n m._n kt._n for_o three_o year_n last_o pass_v of_o his_o land_n in_o c._n and_o have_v the_o sell_v of_o his_o corn_n and_o graine_n 93._o the_o defendant_n say_v these_o word_n unto_o he_o thou_o be_v a_o cozen_a knave_n and_o thou_o have_v cozen_v i_o in_o sell_v false_a measure_n in_o my_o barley_n and_o the_o country_n be_v bind_v to_o curse_v thou_o for_o sell_v with_o false_a measure_n and_o i_o will_v prove_v it_o etc._n etc._n adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a for_o every_o falsehood_n charge_v upon_o a_o man_n in_o his_o private_a deal_n will_v not_o be_v actionable_a and_o in_o this_o case_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o these_o word_n be_v speak_v of_o any_o sale_n of_o corn_n while_o he_o be_v in_o his_o office_n of_o bailiff_n before_o nor_o of_o his_o master_n corn_n nor_o to_o the_o damage_n of_o his_o master_n but_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o this_o case_n that_o if_o he_o have_v be_v a_o 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word_n mr._n deceiver_n have_v deceive_v and_o cozen_v the_o king_n and_o deal_v falsâ—y_n with_o he_o adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v actionable_a the_o like_a case_n where_o one_o say_v of_o a_o auditor_n that_o he_o be_v a_o frauditor_n be_v adjudge_v actionable_a a_o action_n be_v â—rought_v for_o call_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n false_a justice_n of_o peace_n will_v his_o similia_fw-la 112â—_n i_o do_v conceve_v that_o theseword_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o though_o they_o do_v reâ—â—ect_v upon_o his_o office_n yet_o they_o be_v too_o general_a but_o the_o book_n say_v that_o these_o word_n his_o similia_fw-la be_v order_v to_o be_v expunge_v or_o draw_v ouâ—_n of_o the_o book_n for_o the_o incertainty_n and_o well_o they_o may_v indeed_o for_o certain_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v bring_v a_o action_n against_o another_o and_o shall_v declare_v that_o the_o defendant_n say_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n that_o he_o be_v a_o rogue_n and_o a_o these_o or_o word_n like_o these_o or_o to_o 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actionable_a and_o therefore_o those_o rule_n ought_v especial_o to_o be_v observe_v the_o four_o part_n of_o that_o general_a rule_n which_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o before_o and_o which_o in_o course_n i_o must_v now_o speak_v of_o be_v this_o that_o word_n speak_v of_o a_o man_n which_o scandal_n he_o in_o his_o profession_n or_o function_n by_o which_o he_o gain_v his_o live_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n yardleys_n case_n 17._o there_o be_v a_o communication_n or_o discourse_n of_o he_o in_o his_o profession_n of_o attorney_n one_o say_v that_o he_o be_v a_o bribe_a knave_n box_n case_n 145._o one_o say_v of_o he_o be_v a_o attorney_n that_o he_o be_v a_o champertor_n byrchlyes_n case_n a_o attorney_n a._n there_o be_v speech_n of_o his_o deal_n in_o his_o profession_n one_o say_v to_o he_o you_o be_v well_o know_v to_o be_v a_o corrupt_a man_n and_o to_o deal_v corrupt_o adjudge_v in_o all_o these_o case_n that_o the_o word_n because_o they_o scandal_n a_o man_n in_o his_o 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hold_v considerable_a in_o this_o case_n be_v these_o the_o defendant_n say_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n take_v fee_n of_o both_o hand_n and_o whether_o this_o will_v amount_v to_o as_o much_o as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o ambidext_a be_v the_o question_n popham_n and_o yeluerton_n justice_n that_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o that_o the_o word_n in_o this_o case_n may_v have_v a_o double_a intendment_n for_o it_o may_v be_v intend_v that_o he_o take_v fee_n with_o both_o hand_n lawful_o but_o if_o he_o have_v say_v that_o he_o be_v a_o ambidext_a a_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o this_o be_v vox_fw-la artis_fw-la and_o can_v be_v otherwise_o intend_v fenner_n and_o williams_n justice_n that_o the_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o that_o the_o word_n amount_v to_o as_o much_o as_o ambidext_a and_o be_v the_o english_a of_o it_o &_o a_o direct_a affirmation_n and_o no_o metaphor_n if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o have_v the_o pox_n no_o 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not_o be_v actionable_a the_o reason_n may_v be_v because_o that_o a_o lawyer_n can_v be_v a_o bankrupt_a for_o that_o he_o do_v not_o acquire_v his_o live_n by_o buy_v and_o sell_v as_o the_o statute_n speak_v jones_n jestice_n in_o the_o former_a case_n put_v this_o case_n there_o be_v a_o communication_n of_o sergeant_n heale_n in_o his_o profession_n one_o say_v of_o he_o these_o word_n case_n he_o have_v undo_v many_o adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a because_o they_o touch_v he_o in_o his_o profession_n a._n shoemaker_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o one_o for_o call_v of_o he_o bankrupt_a adjudge_v upon_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n in_o the_o chequer_n chamber_n that_o the_o action_n will_v lie_v beech._n axe_n a_o dyer_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o mood_n for_o these_o word_n thou_o be_v not_o worth_a a_o groat_n and_o aver_v that_o in_o such_o a_o place_n where_o they_o be_v speak_v they_o have_v the_o common_a acceptation_n and_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o 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naughty_a beer_n which_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o court_n because_o that_o he_o be_v presentable_a in_o a_o leete_n for_o it_o and_o likewise_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v say_v by_o bartley_n justice_n that_o where_o one_o say_v of_o a_o lawyer_n that_o he_o have_v as_o much_o law_n as_o a_o monkey_n that_o these_o word_n be_v adjudge_v not_o actionable_a because_o that_o he_o have_v as_o much_o law_n &_o more_o also_o then_o the_o monkey_n have_v but_o if_o he_o have_v say_v that_o he_o have_v more_o law_n than_o a_o monkey_n these_o word_n will_v be_v actionable_a one_o say_v of_o a_o counsellor_n at_o law_n that_o he_o be_v a_o concealer_n of_o the_o law_n adjudge_v actionable_a sanderson_n and_o rudds_n case_n the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o lawyer_n and_o
stand_v for_o the_o stuardship_n of_o a_o corporation_n pleas._n the_o defendant_n say_v of_o he_o that_o he_o be_v a_o ignorant_a man_n the_o court_n in_o this_o case_n incline_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a snag_fw-mi a_o counsellor_n at_o law_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o peter_n grace_n for_o these_o word_n b._n go_v you_o to_o he_o to_o be_v of_o your_o counsel_n he_o will_v deceive_v you_o he_o be_v of_o counsel_n with_o i_o and_o reveal_v the_o secret_n of_o my_o cause_n adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v actionable_a because_o that_o this_o can_v be_v intend_v of_o a_o lawful_a reveal_n to_o the_o judge_n by_o way_n of_o motion_n before_o who_o it_o be_v try_v for_o this_o be_v a_o commendation_n for_o he_o but_o the_o word_n be_v to_o be_v take_v as_o they_o be_v speak_v that_o be_v conjunctim_fw-la and_o uno_fw-la halitu_fw-la and_o then_o his_o intention_n appear_v contrary_a for_o he_o say_v before_o he_o will_v deceive_v you_o etc._n etc._n also_o the_o plaintiff_n declare_v that_o they_o be_v speak_v malitiose_fw-la and_o these_o word_n reveal_v the_o secret_n etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v intend_v reveal_v to_o those_o from_o who_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v conceal_v and_o every_o man_n be_v to_o make_v the_o best_a of_o his_o cause_n and_o therefore_o secreta_fw-la sua_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la revelanda_fw-la and_o also_o the_o word_n touch_v the_o plaintiff_n in_o his_o art_n and_o science_n which_o require_v man_n of_o great_a trust_n &_o confidence_n and_o so_o the_o word_n before_o be_v speak_v in_o derogation_n of_o the_o confidence_n and_o fidelity_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o great_a slander_n to_o he_o for_o these_o cause_n judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n upon_o this_o case_n i_o do_v conceive_v that_o to_o say_v of_o a_o lawyer_n general_o that_o he_o reveal_v the_o secret_n of_o his_o client_n cause_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n one_o say_v of_o a_o doctor_n of_o physic_n that_o he_o be_v a_o monntebanke_n a_o empiric_n bench._n and_o a_o base_a fellow_n adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v actionable_a pleas._n pain_n bring_v a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n for_o word_n and_o show_v how_o that_o he_o be_v a_o farmer_n and_o use_v to_o sow_v his_o land_n and_o to_o tell_v the_o corn_n upon_o it_o and_o by_o this_o per_fw-la majorem_fw-la partem_fw-la he_o maintain_v his_o family_n and_o that_o the_o defendant_n say_v these_o word_n of_o he_o he_o keep_v a_o false_a bushel_n by_o which_o he_o do_v cheat_v and_o cozen_v the_o poor_a and_o aver_v the_o loss_n of_o his_o custom_n by_o the_o speak_n of_o these_o word_n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v move_v by_o gotbolt_n sergeant_n in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n keep_v a_o false_a bushel_n sâ—ienter_n know_v it_o to_o be_v false_a but_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a for_o as_o this_o case_n be_v it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v take_v that_o he_o keep_v a_o false_a bushel_n know_v it_o to_o be_v false_a for_o otherwise_o it_o can_v be_v no_o coâ—senedge_v and_o this_o case_n plain_o differ_v from_o the_o case_n where_o a_o action_n be_v bring_v for_o say_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n keep_v false_a wait_n general_o without_o further_a say_n in_o this_o case_n the_o word_n be_v adjudge_v not_o actionable_a 35._o because_o that_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o he_o use_v they_o or_o know_v they_o to_o be_v false_a the_o fifte_a part_n of_o that_o general_n rule_n which_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o before_o and_o which_o now_o i_o be_o in_o course_n to_o speak_v of_o be_v this_o that_o word_n speak_v in_o scandal_n of_o a_o man_n title_n or_o which_o tend_v to_o a_o man_n disinheritance_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n henry_n mildmay_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o roger_n standish_n for_o say_v and_o publish_v that_o certain_a land_n be_v lawful_o assure_v to_o one_o john_n talbot_n &_o olive_n his_o wife_n for_o a_o 1000_o year_n and_o that_o they_o of_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o term_n be_v lawful_o possess_v whereas_o in_o truth_n there_o be_v no_o such_o matter_n and_o so_o for_o slander_v of_o the_o estate_n and_o title_n convey_v to_o his_o wife_n by_o certain_a indenture_n and_o show_v all_o in_o certain_a and_o how_o he_o be_v prejudice_v by_o the_o say_a word_n he_o bring_v the_o say_a action_n the_o defendant_n plead_v a_o proviso_n in_o the_o same_o indenture_n and_o the_o say_a limitation_n for_o 1000_o year_n according_a to_o the_o say_a proviso_n as_o he_o pretend_v whereas_o in_o truth_n the_o say_a limitation_n be_v void_a in_o law_n by_o force_n of_o which_o he_o say_v that_o the_o say_a olive_n have_v a_o interest_n for_o a_o 1000_o year_n and_o so_o justify_v the_o word_n upon_o which_o the_o plaintiff_n demur_v adjudge_v that_o the_o action_n will_v well_o lie_v though_o that_o the_o say_v john_n talbot_n and_o olive_n his_o wife_n have_v such_o a_o limitation_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la for_o a_o 1000_o year_n which_o occasion_v the_o defendant_n be_v unlearned_a in_o the_o law_n so_o to_o publish_v it_o yet_o for_o that_o he_o have_v take_v upon_o himself_o notice_n of_o the_o law_n and_o meddle_v in_o that_o which_o do_v not_o concern_v he_o and_o have_v affirm_v and_o publish_v that_o olive_n have_v a_o good_a estate_n for_o a_o 1000_o year_n in_o slander_n of_o the_o title_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o to_o his_o prejudice_n for_o this_o cause_n judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n sir_n thomas_n gresham_n knight_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o robert_n gunsley_n clark_n and_o show_v how_o his_o father_n be_v seize_v of_o divers_a manor_n and_o land_n a._n and_o among_o they_o of_o the_o manor_n of_o tittesey_n which_o he_o do_v by_o his_o will_n among_o other_o land_n devise_v to_o beatrice_n his_o wife_n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o the_o heir_n male_n of_o his_o body_n beget_v and_o have_v issue_n william_n grâ—sham_n his_o elder_a son_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n the_o young_a and_o die_v and_o that_o william_n after_o this_o death_n confirm_v to_o thomas_n his_o estate_n and_o that_o beatrice_n die_v and_o the_o plaintiff_n enter_v into_o the_o say_a manor_n of_o tittesey_n and_o further_a show_n that_o william_n have_v issue_n elizabeth_n his_o heir_n apparent_a and_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v a_o wife_n and_o son_n and_o daughter_n and_o that_o he_o have_v a_o intent_n to_o conveye_v some_o of_o his_o land_n to_o his_o wife_n for_o her_o jointure_n and_o some_o to_o his_o son_n and_o daughter_n for_o their_o advancement_n and_o to_o exchange_v parcel_n with_o other_o and_o to_o make_v a_o lease_n of_o another_o part_n but_o do_v not_o show_v to_o who_o and_o that_o the_o defendant_n premissorum_fw-la non_fw-la ignarus_fw-la in_o derogation_n of_o the_o title_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n say_v these_o word_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n as_o i_o before_o say_v to_o your_o wife_n i_o say_v now_o that_o your_o brother_n be_v afoole_n and_o never_o bear_v to_o do_v himself_o any_o good_a for_o that_o he_o can_v not_o hold_v his_o hand_n from_o ratefy_v and_o subscribe_v to_o his_o father_n will_n but_o yet_o notwithstanding_o i_o have_v that_o to_o show_v in_o my_o house_n that_o if_o his_o heir_n do_v not_o any_o such_o act_n as_o he_o have_v do_v it_o shall_v bring_v she_o to_o inherit_v tittesey_n by_o which_o word_n he_o say_v that_o he_o be_v hinder_v in_o the_o conveyance_n aforesaid_a in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v first_o because_o that_o the_o word_n themselves_o be_v not_o scandalous_a to_o the_o title_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n the_o word_n considerable_a be_v only_o these_o that_o he_o have_v that_o in_o his_o house_n etc._n etc._n that_o shall_v bring_v her_o that_o be_v the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o william_n to_o inherit_v tittesey_n which_o be_v apparent_o feasible_a for_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v donee_n in_o tail_n of_o the_o gift_n of_o his_o father_n the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n be_v inheritable_a to_o the_o reversion_n in_o fee_n and_o so_o no_o prejudice_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o say_v he_o have_v that_o which_o shall_v bring_v she_o to_o inherit_v beside_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o that_o he_o do_v not_o show_v any_o special_a damnification_n by_o the_o speake_n of_o these_o word_n as_o that_o he_o be_v upon_o a_o sale_n of_o these_o land_n to_o i._o s._n who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o speak_n of_o these_o word_n refuse_v to_o buy_v they_o or_o the_o like_a and_o in_o this_o case_n here_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o purpose_n or_o intent_n of_o convey_v some_o of_o these_o land_n
and_o popham_n justice_n say_v that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n when_o a_o man_n declare_v his_o opinion_n of_o the_o title_n of_o another_o to_o land_v this_o be_v nothing_o and_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v punish_v for_o it_o but_o if_o he_o do_v so_o publish_v it_o that_o it_o come_v to_o the_o hear_n of_o any_o one_o that_o intend_v to_o buy_v the_o land_n in_o such_o case_n a_o action_n lie_v but_o he_o must_v show_v special_o in_o his_o count_n in_o what_o he_o be_v damnify_v otherwise_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v banister_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o banister_n for_o that_o the_o defendant_n say_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v son_n and_o heir_n to_o his_o father_n that_o he_o be_v a_o bastard_n bench._n resolve_v that_o the_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o this_o tend_v to_o his_o disinherision_n of_o the_o land_n which_o descend_v to_o he_o from_o his_o father_n but_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v resolve_v that_o if_o the_o defendant_n pretend_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o bastard_n and_o that_o he_o himself_o be_v next_o heir_n there_o no_o action_n lie_v so_o if_o a_o man_n say_v that_o another_o have_v no_o right_a to_o land_n a_o action_n lie_v but_o if_o a_o counsellor_n say_v that_o his_o client_n have_v the_o better_a right_n this_o will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n mich._n 3._o jac._n in_o the_o king_n bench_n per_fw-la curiam_fw-la if_o one_o say_v to_o i_o that_o i_o be_o a_o bastard_n if_o i_o have_v land_n by_o descent_n i_o shall_v have_v a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n and_o think_v that_o i_o have_v land_n by_o descent_n and_o this_o tend_v to_o my_o disinheritance_n if_o i_o sue_v in_o court_n christian_n for_o it_o a_o prohibition_n lie_v because_o that_o the_o trial_n there_o may_v be_v to_o my_o disinheritance_n and_o if_o one_o say_v to_o another_o that_o he_o be_v base_a bear_v a_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v for_o the_o word_n shall_v be_v take_v in_o meliori_fw-la sensu_fw-la and_o if_o one_o say_v to_o his_o son_n that_o he_o be_v a_o bastard_n or_o a_o leper_n he_o shall_v not_o have_v a_o action_n neither_o in_o court_n christian_n nor_o at_o common_a law_n sir_n gilbert_n gerrard_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o mary_n dickinson_n 18._o and_o declare_v how_o that_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o certain_a land_n in_o fee_n and_o that_o he_o be_v in_o communication_n to_o demise_n they_o to_o ralph_n egerton_n fot_o 22._o year_n for_o 200._o l._n fine_a and_o a_o 100_o l._n rent_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o that_o the_o defendant_n premissorum_fw-la non_fw-la ignara_fw-la say_fw-la i_o have_v a_o lease_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o castle_n of_o h._n which_o be_v the_o same_o land_n for_o ninety_o year_n and_o show_v and_o publish_v it_o etc._n etc._n by_o reason_n of_o which_o word_n he_o say_v the_o say_a ralph_n egerton_n do_v not_o proceed_v to_o accept_v the_o lease_n etc._n etc._n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v resolve_v that_o no_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o the_o say_a word_n though_o they_o be_v false_a because_o that_o the_o defendant_n pretend_v a_o interest_n in_o the_o say_a land_n so_o if_o the_o defendant_n have_v affirm_v and_o publish_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v not_o any_o right_n to_o the_o say_a land_n but_o that_o she_o herself_o have_v right_a to_o it_o in_o this_o case_n because_o that_o the_o defendant_n pretend_v title_n to_o it_o though_o that_o in_o truth_n she_o have_v not_o any_o yet_o no_o action_n lie_v for_o if_o in_o such_o case_n a_o action_n shall_v lie_v how_o can_v any_o one_o make_v claim_n or_o title_n to_o any_o land_n or_o commence_v any_o suit_n or_o seek_v advise_v and_o counsel_n but_o he_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o a_o action_n which_o will_v be_v very_o inconvenient_a agree_v with_o these_o case_n 32_o in_o 2._o e._n 4._o and_o 15._o e._n 4._o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o no_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n lie_v against_o one_o for_o publish_v another_o to_o be_v his_o villain_fw-fr the_o six_o part_n of_o that_o general_a rule_n which_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o before_o and_o be_o now_o to_o speak_v of_o be_v this_o that_o scandalous_a word_n which_o tend_v to_o the_o hindrance_n or_o loss_n of_o a_o man_n advancement_n or_o preferment_n or_o which_o cause_n any_o particular_a damage_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n anne_n davies_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o gardiner_n for_o these_o word_n b._n speak_v to_o one_o b._n a_o suitor_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o with_o who_o a_o marriage_n wss_v almost_o '_o conclude_v i_o know_v davies_n daughter_n well_o she_o do_v dwell_v in_o cheap_a side_n and_o a_o grocer_n do_v get_v she_o with_o child_n etc._n etc._n and_o she_o say_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o speak_n of_o these_o word_n the_o say_v b._n utter_o refuse_v to_o take_v she_o to_o wife_n so_o that_o thereby_o she_o lose_v her_o advancement_n etc._n etc._n adjudge_v that_o the_o action_n will_v lie_v because_o that_o if_o she_o have_v a_o bastard_n she_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o statute_n of_o 18._o of_o the_o queen_n cap._n 3._o but_o it_o be_v in_o this_o case_n further_o resolve_v that_o if_o the_o defendant_n have_v charge_v the_o plaintiff_n with_o bare_a incontinency_n only_o yet_o the_o action_n will_v have_v lie_v by_o reason_n that_o by_o the_o say_a slander_n she_o be_v defeat_v of_o her_o advancement_n in_o marriage_n and_o it_o be_v in_o this_o case_n likewise_o resolve_v that_o if_o a_o divine_a be_v to_o be_v present_v to_o a_o benefice_n and_o one_o to_o defeat_v he_o of_o it_o say_v to_o the_o patron_n that_o he_o be_v a_o heretic_n or_o a_o bastard_n or_o that_o he_o be_v excommunicate_v by_o which_o the_o patron_n refuse_v to_o present_v he_o as_o he_o well_o may_v if_o those_o imputation_n be_v true_a and_o he_o lose_v his_o preferment_n that_o in_o this_o case_n a_o action_n will_v lie_v bench._n dame_n morrison_n widow_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o william_n cade_n esquire_n and_o decâ—ares_n that_o she_o be_v of_o good_a fame_n 53_o etc._n etc._n and_o that_o henry_n earl_n of_o kent_n be_v in_o speech_n and_o communication_n with_o she_o for_o marriage_n the_o defendant_n premissorum_fw-la non_fw-la ignarus_fw-la say_v these_o word_n arscot_n have_v report_v that_o he_o have_v the_o use_n of_o the_o lady_n morrisons_n body_n at_o his_o pleasure_n ubi_fw-la reverâ—_n aâ—scot_n never_o report_v it_o and_o allege_v that_o the_o earl_n of_o kent_n upon_o the_o hear_n of_o the_o word_n surcease_v his_o suit_n by_o which_o she_o lose_v her_o advancement_n etc._n etc._n upon_o not_o guilty_a plead_v it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n &_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v resolve_v that_o though_o the_o word_n charge_v the_o plaintiff_n with_o bare_a incontinency_n only_o which_o be_v a_o offence_n ecclesiastical_a and_o not_o civil_a nor_o punishable_a by_o our_o law_n yet_o because_o of_o the_o temporal_a damage_n viz._n the_o loss_n of_o her_o advancement_n in_o marriage_n the_o action_n will_v well_o lie_v which_o agree_v with_o the_o judgement_n in_o a_o davies_n case_n sanderson_n and_o rudds_n case_n cite_v before_o pleas._n the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o lawyer_n stand_v for_o the_o stewâ—râ—â—ship_n of_o a_o corporation_n and_o the_o corporation_n be_v assemble_v to_o elect_v a_o steward_n the_o plaintiff_n be_v motion_v to_o they_o whereupon_o the_o defendant_n be_v one_o of_o the_o corporation_n 〈◊〉_d to_o his_o brother_n he_o be_v a_o ignorant_a 〈◊〉_d and_o not_o fit_a for_o the_o place_n and_o 〈…〉_z that_o by_o reason_n of_o these_o word_n they_o do_v refuse_v to_o elect_v he_o stâ—ward_o so_o that_o he_o thereby_o lose_v his_o preferment_n etc._n etc._n the_o court_n in_o this_o case_n incline_v that_o the_o action_n will_v lie_v and_o now_o i_o be_o falâ—en_v upon_o a_o question_n very_o necessary_a to_o be_v resolve_v and_o that_o be_v what_o word_n be_v actionable_a of_o themselves_o only_o and_o what_o be_v not_o actionable_a without_o alledgeing_n of_o a_o particular_a damage_n i_o take_v this_o for_o a_o rule_n that_o scandalous_a word_n which_o touch_n or_o concern_v a_o man_n in_o life_n liberty_n or_o member_n or_o any_o corporal_a punishment_n or_o which_o scandal_n a_o man_n in_o his_o office_n or_o place_n of_o trust_n or_o in_o his_o call_n or_o function_n by_o which_o he_o gain_v his_o live_n or_o which_o charge_v he_o with_o any_o great_a infectious_a disease_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o he_o ought_v to_o separate_v himself_o or_o to_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o law_n from_o the_o society_n of_o man_n all_o such_o word_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n without_o aver_v or_o allege_v of_o any_o particular_a damage_n by_o the_o speak_n of_o they_o yet_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o it_o be_v best_o to_o allege_v a_o particular_a damage_n if_o the_o
case_n will_v beat_v it_o and_o it_o be_v usual_a so_o to_o do_v in_o these_o case_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o damage_n bramston_n chief_a justice_n in_o the_o argue_v of_o hawes_n case_n which_o i_o remember_v before_o take_v this_o for_o a_o rule_n bench._n that_o if_o word_n do_v import_v a_o scandal_n of_o themselves_o by_o which_o damage_n may_v accrue_v in_o such_o case_n the_o word_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n without_o alledgeing_n of_o a_o particular_a damage_n but_o now_o on_o the_o other_o side_n word_n which_o do_v not_o touch_v or_o concern_v a_o man_n in_o any_o of_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n without_o alledgeing_n of_o a_o particular_a damage_n word_n speak_v in_o scandal_n of_o a_o man_n title_n will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n without_o aver_v of_o a_o particular_a damage_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o case_n before_o cite_v upon_o that_o ground_n there_o be_v many_o word_n b_o which_o be_v word_n of_o passion_n and_o choler_n only_o as_o to_o say_v of_o a_o man_n that_o he_o be_v forswear_v general_o or_o that_o he_o be_v a_o villain_n or_o a_o rogue_n or_o a_o varlet_n averrement_n or_o the_o like_a these_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a of_o themselves_o yet_o i_o do_v conceive_v that_o in_o these_o case_n a_o action_n will_v lie_v with_o a_o averrement_n of_o a_o particular_a damage_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o speak_n of_o they_o there_o be_v other_o word_n which_o concern_v matter_n mere_o spiritual_a 54._o and_o determinable_a in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n only_o as_o for_o call_v of_o a_o man_n a_o bastard_n a_o heretic_n a_o scismatique_a a_o advoâ—uterer_n a_o fornicator_n or_o for_o call_v of_o a_o woman_n a_o whore_n or_o charge_v her_o witâ—_n any_o particular_a act_n of_o incontinency_n or_o the_o like_a yet_o in_o these_o case_n with_o a_o averrement_n of_o a_o particular_a damage_n a_o action_n will_v lie_v at_o the_o common_a law_n as_o it_o be_v adjudge_v in_o anne_n davies_n case_n cite_v before_o by_o popham_n chief_a justice_n if_o one_o say_v of_o a_o woman_n that_o be_v a_o inholder_n â—_o that_o she_o have_v a_o great_a infectious_a disease_n by_o which_o she_o lose_v her_o guest_n a_o action_n will_v lie_v this_o must_v be_v take_v with_o a_o averrement_n of_o that_o particular_a damage_n otherwise_o a_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v unless_o the_o disease_n be_v such_o for_o which_o she_o ought_v to_o separate_v herself_o or_o to_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o law_n from_o common_a society_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o hereafter_o axe_n and_o mood_n case_v cite_v before_o bench._n the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o dyer_n bring_v a_o action_n for_o these_o word_n thou_o be_v not_o worth_a a_o groat_n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a because_o that_o many_o man_n in_o his_o beginning_n be_v not_o worth_a a_o groat_n 〈…〉_z and_o yet_o have_v good_a credit_n with_o the_o world_n but_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v aver_v special_o that_o he_o be_v thereby_o damnify_v and_o have_v lose_v his_o credit_n so_o that_o none_o will_v trust_v he_o with_o such_o a_o averrement_n the_o action_n will_v have_v lie_v bench._n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o foreman_n of_o a_o shoemaker_n shop_n cite_v before_o for_o these_o word_n it_o be_v no_o matter_n who_o have_v he_o for_o he_o will_v cut_v he_o out_o of_o door_n the_o plaintiff_n aver_v that_o the_o common_a acceptation_n of_o these_o word_n inter_fw-la calâ—eareos_n be_v that_o he_o will_v beggar_v his_o master_n and_o make_v he_o run_v away_o and_o show_v a_o special_a damage_n by_o the_o speak_n of_o these_o word_n and_o it_o be_v adjuge_v that_o the_o action_n will_v â—ie_v which_o i_o conceive_v be_v only_o for_o the_o particular_a damage_n for_o to_o say_v of_o a_o servant_n that_o he_o do_v cheer_n cousin_n or_o defraud_n or_o that_o he_o will_v beggar_v his_o master_n or_o the_o like_a will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n without_o a_o averrement_n of_o a_o particular_a damage_n and_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v say_v by_o the_o court_n that_o for_o some_o word_n a_o action_n will_v lie_v without_o a_o averrement_n of_o any_o particular_a damage_n as_o for_o call_v of_o a_o man_n thief_n traitor_n or_o the_o like_a and_o some_o word_n will_v noâ—_n bear_v a_o action_n without_o a_o averrement_n of_o a_o particular_a damage_n as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o keep_v his_o wife_n base_o and_o starve_v she_o these_o word_n of_o themselves_o will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n but_o if_o the_o party_n of_o who_o they_o be_v speak_v be_v to_o be_v marry_v to_o another_o and_o by_o these_o word_n be_v hinder_v in_o such_o case_n with_o a_o averrement_n of_o the_o particular_a damage_n a_o action_n will_v lie_v so_o likewise_o in_o the_o case_n of_o dickes_n and_o fenne_n which_o i_o also_o cite_v before_o bench._n where_o one_o say_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o brewer_n that_o he_o will_v give_v a_o peck_n of_o malt_n to_o his_o mare_n and_o â—ead_a she_o to_o the_o water_n to_o drink_v and_o she_o shall_v piss_v as_o good_a beer_n as_o the_o plaintiff_n brew_v it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o word_n themselves_o be_v not_o actionable_a because_o of_o the_o impossibility_n of_o they_o but_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o court_n that_o if_o there_o have_v be_v a_o special_a damage_n allege_v as_o loss_n of_o custom_n or_o the_o like_a the_o action_n will_v have_v lie_v haw_n case_v cite_v likewise_o before_o bench._n one_o say_v of_o he_o that_o he_o have_v speak_v against_o the_o book_n of_o common_a prayer_n and_o say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v read_v in_o the_o church_n for_o which_o he_o bring_v his_o action_n and_o show_v how_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o speak_n of_o these_o word_n by_o the_o defendant_n he_o be_v cite_v in_o to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o have_v pay_v and_o expend_v several_a sum_n etc._n etc._n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n themselves_o be_v not_o actionable_a because_o if_o they_o have_v be_v true_a they_o charge_v he_o only_o with_o a_o offence_n against_o a_o penal_a law_n which_o do_v not_o inflict_v corporal_a punishment_n but_o for_o non_fw-fr payment_n of_o the_o penalty_n but_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o for_o the_o particular_a damage_n the_o action_n will_v lie_v and_o of_o this_o opinion_n be_v heath_n and_o mallet_n justice_n but_o bramston_n chief_a justice_n the_o other_o justice_n be_v absent_a be_v of_o a_o contrary_a judgement_n and_o he_o take_v this_o for_o a_o rule_n that_o if_o the_o word_n do_v not_o import_v a_o scandal_n in_o themselves_o as_o he_o conceive_v they_o do_v not_o in_o this_o case_n in_o such_o case_n the_o averrement_n of_o a_o particular_a damage_n shall_v not_o make_v they_o actionable_a but_o with_o all_o due_a respect_n to_o the_o judgement_n of_o this_o learned_a judge_n i_o do_v conceive_v that_o the_o word_n be_v in_o themselves_o scandalous_a because_o that_o they_o do_v charge_v a_o man_n with_o faction_n and_o opposition_n to_o establish_a law_n and_o settle_a government_n but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o in_o themselves_o scandalous_a yet_o i_o conceive_v according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o those_o reverend_a judge_n that_o for_o the_o damage_n only_o the_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o otherwise_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v suffer_v through_o the_o default_n of_o the_o defendant_n and_o be_v without_o remedy_n which_o i_o conceive_v the_o law_n will_v not_o permit_v but_o i_o submit_v this_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o learned_a reader_n last_o word_n which_o charge_v a_o man_n with_o any_o dangerous_a infectious_a diseasâ—_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o he_o ought_v to_o separate_v himself_o or_o to_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o law_n from_o the_o society_n of_o man_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n if_o a_o man_n say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o have_v the_o french_a pox_n 17._o a_o action_n will_v lie_v taylor_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o packins_o for_o these_o word_n thou_o be_v not_o worthy_a to_o come_v into_o any_o honest_a man_n company_n bench._n thou_o be_v a_o leprous_a knave_n and_o a_o leper_n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a because_o that_o it_o be_v cause_n of_o separation_n by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man._n so_o by_o tanfield_n justice_n to_o say_v that_o one_o be_v infect_v with_o the_o french_a pox_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n but_o to_o say_v that_o one_o hâ—th_v the_o fall_a sickness_n be_v not_o actionable_a except_o that_o it_o disable_v he_o in_o his_o profession_n as_o to_o say_v that_o a_o lawyer_n have_v the_o fall_a sickness_n a_o action_n lie_v because_o that_o it_o disable_v he_o for_o his_o business_n upon_o this_o ground_n i_o conceive_v to_o
say_v of_o a_o man_n that_o he_o be_v infect_v with_o the_o plague_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n because_o this_o also_o be_v a_o dangerous_a infectious_a disease_n and_o a_o cause_n of_o separation_n i_o have_v now_o finish_v my_o task_n of_o show_v you_o what_o word_n be_v actionable_a in_o the_o law_n and_o what_o not_o and_o yet_o reader_n i_o shall_v not_o end_v this_o treatise_n here_o for_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n not_o worthy_a the_o know_v which_o i_o can_v not_o apt_o introduce_v before_o and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v omit_v there_o be_v two_o thing_n or_o ground_n very_o remarkable_a in_o all_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n for_o word_n first_o causa_fw-la dicendi_fw-la the_o ground_n or_o occasion_n of_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n and_o that_o must_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n or_o communication_n concern_v the_o plaintiff_n or_o else_o out_o of_o the_o relation_n that_o the_o word_n themselves_o have_v to_o the_o defendant_n or_o otherwise_o as_o the_o case_n shall_v fall_v out_o to_o be_v the_o next_o thing_n be_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o speaker_n that_o be_v to_o say_v whether_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v exit_fw-la malitia_fw-la or_o not_o first_o for_o the_o first_o causa_fw-la dicendi_fw-la the_o ground_n or_o occasion_n of_o speak_v of_o the_o word_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o this_o as_o a_o ground_n that_o scandalous_a word_n which_o of_o themselves_o single_o will_v bear_v a_o action_n yet_o be_v join_v to_o other_o word_n or_o discourse_n and_o so_o causa_fw-la dicendi_fw-la or_o the_o subject_a matter_n be_v consider_v they_o will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n for_o sensus_fw-la verborum_fw-la ex_fw-la causa_fw-la dicendi_fw-la accipiendus_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o word_n must_v ever_o be_v construe_v according_a to_o the_o subject_a matter_n b_o henry_n lord_n cromwell_n bring_v a_o action_n de_fw-fr scandalis_n magnatum_fw-la against_o edmund_n denny_n supra_fw-la vicar_n of_o n._n in_o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n etc._n etc._n for_o these_o word_n it_o be_v no_o marvill_a that_o you_o like_v not_o of_o i_o for_o you_o like_v of_o those_o that_o maintain_v sedition_n against_o the_o queen_n proceed_n the_o defendant_n plead_v a_o special_a justification_n in_o effect_n thus_o that_o the_o defendant_n be_v vicar_n of_o n._n the_o plaintiff_n procure_v i._n t._n and_o i._n p._n to_o preach_v there_o who_o in_o their_o sermon_n envey_v against_o the_o book_n of_o common_a prayer_n and_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v superstitious_a wherefore_o the_o defendant_n inhibit_v they_o for_o they_o have_v no_o licence_n nor_o authority_n to_o preach_v yet_o they_o proceed_v through_o the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n say_v to_o the_o defendant_n thou_o be_v a_o false_a varleâ—_n i_o like_v not_o of_o thou_o to_o who_o the_o defendant_n say_v it_o be_v no_o marvill_a though_o you_o like_v not_o of_o i_o for_o you_o like_v of_o those_o mean_v the_o aforesaid_a i._n t._n and_o i._o d._n that_o maintain_v sedition_n mean_v that_o seditious_a doctrine_n against_o the_o queen_n proceed_n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o justification_n be_v good_a for_o though_o that_o in_o this_o case_n take_v the_o word_n single_o of_o themselves_o as_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v declare_v they_o may_v have_v be_v actionable_a because_o that_o then_o they_o can_v not_o be_v construe_v otherwise_o then_o of_o a_o public_a and_o violent_a sedition_n as_o the_o word_n itself_o do_v import_v yet_o now_o the_o ground_n and_o occasion_n of_o the_o word_n appear_v by_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o defendant_n do_v not_o intend_v any_o public_a or_o violent_a sedition_n but_o only_o that_o sedition_n doctrine_n against_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o queen_n viz._n the_o statute_n de_fw-fr anno_fw-la primo_fw-la by_o which_o the_o common_a prayer_n be_v establish_v and_o god_n forbid_v say_v the_o book_n that_o word_n by_o a_o strict_a and_o grammatical_a construction_n shall_v be_v take_v contrary_a to_o the_o manifest_a intent_n of_o the_o speaker_n therefore_o it_o be_v rule_v upon_o the_o coherence_n of_o all_o the_o word_n that_o the_o justification_n be_v good_a and_o so_o the_o word_n not_o actionable_a and_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v rule_v that_o if_o a_o man_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o another_o for_o call_v of_o he_o murderer_n and_o the_o defendant_n will_v say_v that_o he_o be_v speak_v with_o the_o plaintiff_n of_o unlawful_a hunt_n and_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n confess_v that_o he_o have_v kill_v divers_a hare_n with_o certain_a engine_n to_o who_o the_o defendant_n answer_v and_o say_v thou_o be_v a_o murderer_n mean_v the_o kill_n of_o the_o say_a hare_n that_o this_o be_v a_o good_a justification_n and_o so_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n the_o word_n not_o actionable_a byrchley_n a_o attorney_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o one_o for_o these_o word_n 1._o you_o be_v well_o know_v to_o be_v a_o corrupt_a man_n and_o to_o deal_v corrupt_o resolve_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a but_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v rule_v that_o if_o the_o precedent_a speech_n have_v be_v that_o byrchley_n be_v a_o usurer_n or_o that_o he_o be_v executor_n of_o another_o and_o will_v not_o perform_v the_o testament_n and_o upon_o this_o the_o defendant_n have_v say_v these_o word_n upon_o a_o special_a justificatioâ—â—_n as_o aforesaid_a they_o will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n banister_n and_o banister_n case_v resolve_v that_o if_o i_o call_v a_o heir_n a_o bastard_n a._n a_o action_n will_v lie_v but_o if_o the_o defendant_n pretend_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o bastard_n and_o that_o he_o be_v next_o heir_n there_o no_o action_n will_v lie_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v plain_a because_o causa_fw-la dicendi_fw-la or_o the_o occasion_n of_o speak_v of_o these_o word_n be_v not_o to_o defame_v the_o title_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n but_o only_o to_o justify_v the_o title_n of_o defendant_n and_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o one_o to_o speak_v in_o justification_n of_o his_o own_o title_n though_o he_o do_v thereby_o seem_v to_o slander_v the_o title_n of_o another_o man_n agree_v with_o this_o case_n be_v gilbert_n gerrard_n case_n cite_v before_o molton_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o clapham_n and_o declare_v how_o that_o there_o be_v a_o cause_n pend_v in_o this_o court_n betwixt_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n bench._n upon_o read_v of_o certain_a affidavid_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o court_n the_o defendant_n say_v open_o in_o presentâ—â—_n &_o auditu_fw-la justiciariorum_n &_o juris_fw-la peritorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v not_o a_o word_n true_a in_o the_o affidavid_n which_o i_o will_v prove_v by_o forty_o witness_n and_o allege_v that_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v malitiose_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o court_n that_o they_o be_v not_o actionable_a because_o as_o they_o be_v usual_a word_n upon_o the_o like_a occasion_n so_o they_o be_v speak_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o defendant_n cause_n and_o this_o case_n be_v liken_v to_o the_o case_n of_o the_o bastard_n immediate_o before_o and_o bartley_n justice_n say_v that_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n main_o considerable_a in_o word_n the_o word_n themselves_o and_o causa_fw-la dicendi_fw-la and_o therefore_o sometime_o though_o the_o word_n themselves_o will_v bear_v a_o action_n yet_o causa_fw-la dicendi_fw-la be_v consider_v they_o will_v not_o be_v actionable_a as_o in_o this_o case_n now_o as_o my_o lord_n cook_n say_v in_o cromwel_n case_n before_o remember_v a._n so_o i_o say_v to_o you_o in_o these_o case_n reader_n you_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o excellent_a point_n of_o learning_n in_o action_n for_o slander_n to_o observe_v the_o cause_n and_o occasion_n of_o speak_v of_o they_o and_o how_o this_o may_v be_v plead_v in_o excuse_n of_o the_o defendant_n but_o before_o i_o pass_v this_o a_o reader_n i_o shall_v observe_v unto_o you_o that_o the_o defendant_n in_o these_o case_n may_v take_v the_o general_a issue_n if_o he_o will_v viz._n that_o he_o be_v not_o guilty_a modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la as_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v allege_v and_o so_o give_v in_o evidence_n the_o coherence_n and_o connection_n of_o the_o word_n and_o the_o occasion_n of_o speak_v of_o they_o and_o have_v they_o special_o find_v if_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v necessary_a or_o the_o defendant_n may_v as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v justify_v the_o speak_n of_o other_o word_n and_o traverse_v the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n in_o question_n and_o so_o likewise_o upon_o the_o evidence_n have_v the_o word_n special_o find_v and_o hereupon_o where_o the_o special_a find_n of_o the_o jury_n will_v warrant_v the_o declaration_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o maintain_v the_o action_n and_o where_o not_o may_v be_v very_o questionable_a and_o worthy_a
the_o know_v the_o defendant_n plea_n be_v that_o which_o must_v guide_v we_o in_o these_o case_n if_o he_o plead_v not_o guilty_a the_o word_n be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la as_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v allege_v and_o if_o the_o justify_v the_o speak_n of_o other_o word_n and_o traverse_v the_o word_n in_o question_n he_o do_v it_o thus_o absque_fw-la hoc_fw-la that_o he_o speak_v the_o word_n in_o the_o declaration_n modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la as_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v allege_v now_o where_o the_o word_n that_o be_v find_v by_o the_o jury_n shall_v be_v say_v to_o agree_v modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la with_o the_o word_n in_o the_o declaration_n this_o be_v the_o question_n here_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o this_o as_o a_o ground_n that_o where_o the_o word_n that_o be_v find_v do_v not_o agree_v with_o the_o declaration_n in_o the_o substantial_a and_o essential_a form_n that_o in_o such_o case_n they_o do_v not_o warrant_v the_o declaration_n but_o if_o they_o do_v agree_v in_o the_o substantial_a and_o essential_a formâ—_n though_o they_o agree_v not_o in_o every_o word_n yet_o they_o do_v well_o warrant_v the_o declaration_n and_o by_o consequence_n maintain_v the_o action_n sydenham_n against_o man_n for_o these_o word_n 213._o if_o sir_n john_n sydenham_n may_v have_v his_o will_n he_o will_v kill_v all_o the_o true_a subject_n in_o england_n and_o the_o king_n too_o and_o he_o be_v a_o maintainer_n of_o papistry_n and_o rebellious_a person_n the_o defendant_n plead_v other_o word_n and_o traverse_v the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o jury_n find_v that_o he_o speak_v these_o word_n viz._n i_o think_v in_o my_o conscience_n that_o if_o sir_n john_n sydenham_n may_v have_v his_o will_n he_o will_v kill_v etc._n etc._n and_o find_v all_o the_o subsequent_a word_n before_o allege_v and_o whether_o the_o defendant_n be_v guilty_a of_o speak_v of_o the_o word_n in_o the_o manner_n and_o form_n as_o they_o be_v allege_v by_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o his_o declaration_n be_v the_o question_n resolve_v against_o the_o defendant_n and_o upon_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n in_o the_o chequer_n chamber_n the_o court_n also_o incline_v against_o the_o defendant_n for_o the_o matter_n be_v in_o effect_v the_o same_o and_o the_o form_n must_v be_v understand_v the_o essential_a form_n not_o according_a to_o every_o word_n here_o you_o have_v the_o ground_n lay_v down_o before_o yet_o the_o book_n say_v that_o pasch._n 16._o though_o the_o court_n incline_v that_o either_o of_o the_o word_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n yet_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o find_v so_o absolute_a as_o the_o declaration_n neither_o move_v credit_n in_o the_o ear_n so_o full_o which_o be_v the_o force_n of_o a_o slander_n and_o then_o they_o be_v not_o the_o same_o word_n in_o force_n and_o effect_n as_o if_o the_o word_n be_v lay_v i_o know_v he_o to_o be_v a_o thief_n and_o it_o be_v find_v i_o think_v he_o to_o be_v a_o thief_n for_o my_o part_n reader_n i_o doubt_v in_o this_o case_n whether_o the_o find_n of_o the_o jury_n do_v warrant_v the_o declaration_n because_o they_o be_v not_o the_o same_o word_n in_o force_n and_o effect_n as_o be_v say_v before_o and_o i_o conceive_v they_o be_v not_o the_o same_o in_o the_o essential_a form_n of_o they_o for_o i_o question_n â—as_v i_o have_v do_v before_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v of_o another_o that_o he_o do_v think_v if_o he_o may_v have_v his_o will_n he_o will_v kill_v all_o the_o king_n true_a subject_n and_o the_o king_n too_o or_o that_o he_o do_v think_v such_o a_o one_o to_o be_v a_o thief_n whether_o these_o word_n be_v actionable_a or_o no_o because_o the_o word_n be_v no_o positive_a charge_n out_o only_o the_o thought_n or_o opinion_n of_o the_o defendant_n but_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o if_o such_o word_n as_o these_o shall_v not_o be_v actionable_a this_o will_v open_v a_o gap_n for_o scandalous_a tongue_n to_o slander_v a_o man_n at_o pleasure_n and_o yet_o no_o action_n lie_v which_o be_v very_o mischievous_a therefore_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o reader_n fenner_n against_o mutton_n in_o a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n for_o word_n bench._n which_o be_v thus_o nicholas_n fenner_n procure_v 8._o or_o 10._o of_o his_o neighbour_n to_o perjure_v themselves_o the_o defendant_n plead_v not_o guilty_a and_o the_o jury_n find_v that_o the_o defendant_n say_v that_o nicholas_n fenner_n have_v cause_v 8._o or_o 10._o of_o his_o neighbour_n to_o prejure_v themselves_o and_o if_o this_o verdict_n be_v find_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n or_o the_o defendant_n be_v the_o question_n and_o the_o doubt_n be_v whether_o this_o word_n cause_n amount_v to_o as_o much_o as_o procure_v tanfield_n justice_n seem_v that_o it_o do_v not_o for_o he_o may_v be_v a_o remote_a cause_n as_o causa_fw-la sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la and_o yet_o no_o procurer_n as_o if_o a_o notary_n write_v a_o writing_n and_o put_v to_o this_o a_o seal_n and_o another_o take_v it_o and_o forge_n and_o publish_v it_o the_o writer_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o this_o be_v forge_v and_o yet_o no_o procurer_n of_o it_o i_o find_v no_o judgement_n in_o this_o case_n therefore_o quaere_fw-la of_o it_o chipsam_fw-la against_o jeeke_n for_o these_o word_n chipsam_fw-la be_v a_o thief_n bench._n for_o he_o have_v steal_v a_o lamb_n from_o a._n and_o goose_n from_o b._n and_o kill_v they_o in_o my_o ground_n issue_n be_v join_v whether_o the_o defendant_n speak_v the_o word_n modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o jury_n find_v that_o the_o defendant_n say_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o thief_n for_o he_o have_v steal_v a_o lamb_n from_o a._n and_o kill_v it_o in_o my_o ground_n but_o they_o find_v that_o he_o speak_v nothing_o of_o the_o goose_n yet_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o find_n of_o the_o jury_n do_v well_o warrant_v the_o declaration_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n because_o that_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o word_n be_v that_o he_o be_v a_o thief_n and_o thou_o for_o he_o have_v etc._n etc._n only_a a_o demonstration_n in_o what_o he_o be_v a_o thief_n which_o be_v as_o well_o in_o steal_v of_o the_o lamb_n as_o of_o the_o goose_n and_o than_o if_o it_o be_v find_v that_o he_o say_v any_o of_o they_o it_o suffice_v and_o judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n norman_a and_o symons_n case_n bench._n the_o plaintiff_n bring_v a_o action_n for_o word_n and_o declare_v that_o they_o be_v speak_v false_a &_o malitiose_fw-la the_o jury_n find_v the_o word_n speak_v falso_fw-la &_o injuriose_fw-la and_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o the_o find_n of_o the_o jury_n do_v not_o warrant_v the_o declaration_n in_o the_o substantial_a form_n of_o it_o for_o if_o the_o word_n be_v not_o speak_v out_o of_o malice_n they_o will_v not_o be_v actionable_a as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o hereafter_o brugis_n bring_v in_o action_n for_o these_o word_n 21._o brugis_n be_v a_o maintainer_n of_o thief_n and_o a_o strong_a thief_n himself_o issue_n be_v join_v whether_o the_o defendant_n speak_v the_o word_n modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la and_o the_o jury_n find_v all_o the_o word_n except_o the_o word_n strong_a and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o plaintiff_n have_v judgement_n here_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o though_o every_o word_n allege_v in_o the_o declaration_n be_v not_o find_v yet_o the_o essential_a and_o substantial_a form_n of_o the_o word_n be_v find_v that_o be_v sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o declaration_n this_o i_o say_v you_o may_v observe_v not_o only_o by_o this_o case_n but_o the_o case_n also_o before_o put_v barbar_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o hawley_n for_o these_o word_n john_n barbar_n and_o his_o child_n be_v false_a thief_n man_n can_v have_v their_o cattle_n go_v upon_o the_o common_a but_o they_o will_v kill_v they_o and_o eat_v they_o etc._n etc._n issue_n be_v join_v whether_o the_o defendant_n speak_v the_o word_n modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la and_o the_o jury_n fonnd_v that_o he_o speak_v these_o word_n viz._n man_n can_v have_v their_o cattle_n go_v upon_o the_o common_a but_o john_n barbar_n and_o his_o child_n will_v kill_v they_o with_o barber_n dog_n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v adjudge_v for_o the_o defendant_n the_o reason_n be_v plain_a because_o the_o word_n find_v by_o the_o jury_n do_v vary_v in_o the_o essential_a and_o substantial_a form_n from_o the_o word_n in_o the_o declaration_n for_o the_o word_n in_o the_o declaration_n do_v charge_v the_o plaintiff_n with_o tneft_n for_o which_o a_o action_n will_v lie_v but_o the_o word_n find_v by_o the_o jury_n charge_n he_o only_o with_o trespass_n for_o
which_o no_o action_n will_v lie_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o ground_n lay_v down_o before_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o second_o thing_n which_o i_o have_v touch_v before_o very_o considerable_a in_o all_o action_n for_o word_n and_o that_o be_v quo_fw-la animo_fw-la with_o what_o affection_n the_o word_n be_v speak_v whether_o ex_fw-la malitia_fw-la or_o not_o for_o if_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o they_o be_v not_o speak_v out_o of_o malice_n they_o will_v not_o be_v actionable_a ralph_n brook_n bench_n york_z herald_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o henry_n montague_n knight_n recorder_n of_o london_n for_o say_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n that_o he_o have_v commit_v felony_n the_o defendant_n plead_v how_o that_o he_o be_v a_o counsellor_n and_o earn_v in_o the_o law_n and_o that_o he_o be_v retain_v of_o counsel_n against_o the_o plaintiff_n at_o such_o a_o trial_n and_o set_v forth_o all_o the_o matter_n in_o certain_a and_o that_o he_o in_o give_v evidence_n to_o the_o jury_n speak_v the_o word_n in_o the_o count_n which_o word_n be_v pertinent_a to_o the_o matter_n in_o issue_n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o speak_v out_o of_o malice_n for_o that_o they_o be_v speak_v to_o the_o purpose_n and_o be_v to_o the_o purpose_n though_o the_o word_n be_v false_a no_o action_n will_v lie_v against_o the_o defendant_n as_o in_o a_o appeal_v of_o murder_n if_o the_o counsel_n with_o the_o plaintiff_n say_v that_o the_o defendant_n commit_v the_o murder_n though_o it_o be_v not_o true_a yet_o he_o shall_v not_o he_o punish_v for_o it_o because_o that_o what_o he_o say_v be_v pertinent_a so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v take_v to_o be_v speak_v out_o of_o malice_n but_o only_o as_o of_o counsel_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n but_o if_o that_o which_o he_o say_v be_v impertinent_a in_o scandal_n of_o he_o against_o who_o he_o speak_v it_o as_o in_o trespass_n of_o battery_n to_o say_v that_o the_o defendant_n be_v a_o felon_n there_o a_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o that_o they_o can_v be_v otherwise_o take_v but_o to_o be_v speak_v out_o of_o malice_n and_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v further_o say_v that_o if_o a_o counsellor_n be_v inform_v of_o any_o matter_n of_o slander_n apt_a to_o be_v give_v in_o evidence_n and_o he_o speak_v it_o at_o other_o place_n and_o at_o another_o time_n then_o in_o evidence_n a_o action_n lie_v for_o it_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a case_n there_o be_v this_o case_n put_v and_o agree_v for_o law_n which_o be_v the_o case_n of_o parson_n prit_fw-fr in_o suffolk_n the_o case_n be_v thus_o in_o the_o act_n and_o monument_n of_o mr._n fox_n there_o be_v a_o relation_n of_o one_o greenwood_n of_o suffolk_n who_o be_v there_o report_v to_o have_v perjure_v himself_o before_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n in_o the_o testify_a against_o a_o martyr_n in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n mary_n and_o that_o afterward_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o god_n as_o a_o exemplary_a punishment_n for_o his_o great_a offence_n his_o bowel_n rot_v out_o of_o his_o belly_n and_o the_o say_a parson_n prit_fw-fr being_n new_o come_v to_o his_o benefice_n in_o suffolk_n and_o not_o well_o know_v his_o parishioner_n preach_v against_o perjury_n cite_v this_o story_n for_o a_o example_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o god_n and_o it_o chance_v that_o the_o same_o greenwood_n of_o who_o the_o story_n be_v write_v be_v in_o life_n and_o in_o the_o church_n at_o that_o time_n and_o after_o for_o this_o slander_n bring_v a_o action_n to_o which_o the_o defendant_n plead_v not_o guilty_a etc._n etc._n and_o upon_o evidence_n all_o the_o matter_n appear_v and_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o anderson_n justice_n of_o assize_n he_o be_v acquit_v because_o it_o do_v appear_v the_o defendant_n speak_v the_o word_n without_o malice_n and_o this_o rule_n be_v approve_v by_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o this_o case_n in_o the_o argue_v of_o sanderson_n and_o rudds_n case_n which_o i_o remember_v before_o these_o case_n follow_v be_v cite_v by_o gotbolt_n sergeant_n who_o be_v of_o counsel_n with_o the_o defendant_n and_o agree_v by_o the_o court_n for_o law_n james_n and_o rudlies_n case_n pleas._n the_o defendant_n speak_v by_o way_n of_o advice_n to_o his_o friend_n tell_v he_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v full_a of_o the_o french_a pox_n and_o therefore_o advise_v he_o not_o to_o keep_v he_o company_n adjudge_v he_o say_v that_o no_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o these_o word_n of_o advice_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o these_o word_n be_v not_o speak_v out_o of_o any_o malice_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n but_o mere_o cut_v of_o good_a will_n to_o his_o friend_n norman_a and_o simons_n case_n remember_v before_o bench._n the_o plaintiff_n bring_v a_o action_n for_o word_n and_o declare_v that_o they_o be_v speak_v falso_fw-la &_o malitiose_fw-la the_o jury_n find_v the_o word_n and_o that_o they_o be_v speak_v falsâ—_n &_o injuriose_fw-la judgement_n be_v give_v that_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o that_o they_o do_v not_o find_v the_o malice_n for_o if_o the_o word_n be_v not_o speak_v malicious_o no_o action_n will_v lie_v and_o therefore_o i_o conceive_v that_o if_o a_o man_n bring_v a_o action_n for_o word_n and_o do_v not_o declare_v that_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v malitiose_fw-la as_o well_o as_o falso_fw-la that_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o lady_n morrison_n that_o i_o have_v cite_v before_o this_o case_n be_v put_v by_o popham_n chief_a justice_n bench._n if_o one_o say_v in_o counsel_n and_o good_a will_n to_o his_o friend_n that_o it_o be_v report_v that_o he_o have_v do_v such_o or_o such_o a_o ill_a act_n and_o advise_v he_o to_o purge_v himself_o and_o avoid_v such_o occasion_n afterward_o it_o see_v mes_fw-fr say_v he_o that_o a_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o such_o counsel_n but_o quaere_fw-la say_v the_o reporter_n for_o it_o be_v without_o malice_n and_o true_o for_o my_o part_n i_o conceive_v a_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v for_o that_o reason_n but_o i_o submit_v it_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o reader_n and_o now_o i_o have_v finish_v my_o labour_n of_o show_v you_o what_o word_n be_v actionable_a in_o the_o law_n and_o what_o not_o it_o will_v in_o the_o next_o place_n be_v very_o necessary_a to_o be_v know_v where_o a_o man_n suit_n or_o prosecution_n at_o law_n shall_v subject_v a_o man_n to_o a_o action_n and_o where_o not_o and_o here_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o this_o as_o a_o rule_n that_o for_o any_o suit_n or_o other_o legal_a prosecution_n in_o course_n of_o justice_n if_o not_o out_o of_o malice_n and_o touch_v a_o man_n life_n no_o action_n will_n lie_n 2_o a_o man_n bring_v a_o writ_n of_o forger_n of_o false_a deed_n against_o a_o lord_n pend_v which_o writ_n the_o lord_n for_o the_o slander_n of_o the_o say_a forgery_n by_o the_o say_a suit_n bring_v his_o action_n de_fw-fr scandalis_fw-la magnatum_fw-la the_o defendant_n justify_v the_o say_a flander_n by_o bring_v of_o the_o say_v write_v by_o the_o better_a opinion_n there_o which_o be_v also_o agree_v for_o law_n in_o bucklies_n case_n in_o my_o l._n coke_n 4._o book_n the_o justification_n be_v good_a for_o say_v the_o book_n no_o punishment_n be_v ever_o appoint_v for_o a_o suit_n in_o law_n though_o that_o it_o be_v false_a and_o for_o vexation_n 14â—_n cutler_n and_o dixon_n case_n adjudge_v that_o if_o one_o exhibit_v article_n to_o a_o justice_n of_o peace_n against_o a_o certain_a person_n contain_v divers_a great_a abuse_n and_o misdemeanour_n not_o only_o touch_v the_o petitioner_n themselves_o but_o many_o other_o and_o all_o this_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v bind_v to_o his_o good_a behaviour_n in_o this_o case_n the_o party_n abuse_v shall_v not_o have_v for_o any_o matter_n contain_v in_o such_o article_n a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n because_o that_o they_o have_v pursue_v the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o justice_n in_o such_o case_n and_o if_o action_n shall_v be_v permit_v in_o such_o case_n those_o which_o have_v good_a cause_n of_o complaint_n will_v not_o dare_v to_o complain_v for_o fear_v of_o infinite_a vexation_n oâ—en_o wood_n exhibit_v a_o bill_n in_o the_o starchamber_n against_o sir_n richardâ—_n buckley_n and_o charge_v he_o with_o divers_a matter_n examinable_a in_o the_o same_o court_n and_o further_o that_o he_o be_v a_o maintainer_n of_o pirate_n and_o murderer_n and_o a_o procurer_n of_o murder_n and_o piracy_n which_o offence_n be_v not_o determinable_a in_o the_o say_a court_n upon_o which_o sir_n richard_n buckley_n bring_v a_o action_n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v adjudge_v
that_o so_o the_o say_a word_n not_o examinable_a in_o the_o say_a court_n a_o action_n will_v lie_v because_o this_o can_v not_o be_v in_o course_n of_o justice_n for_o that_o the_o court_n have_v not_o power_n or_o jurisdiction_n to_o do_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o justice_n nor_o to_o punish_v the_o say_a offence_n etc._n etc._n also_o by_o the_o law_n no_o murder_n or_o piracy_n can_v be_v punish_v upon_o any_o bill_n exhibit_v in_o english_a but_o the_o offender_n ought_v to_o be_v indict_v of_o it_o and_o upon_o this_o to_o have_v his_o trial_n so_o that_o he_o that_o prefer_v this_o bill_n have_v not_o only_o mistake_v the_o proper_a court_n but_o the_o manner_n and_o nature_n of_o prosecution_n so_o that_o it_o have_v not_o any_o appearance_n of_o a_o ordinary_a suit_n in_o course_n of_o justice_n but_o if_o a_o man_n bring_v a_o appeal_v of_o murder_n returnable_a in_o the_o common_a bench_n for_o this_o no_o action_n lie_v for_o though_o the_o writ_n be_v not_o returnable_a before_o competent_a judge_n which_o may_v do_v justice_n yet_o it_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o a_o lawful_a suit_n namely_o by_o writ_n of_o appeal_n scarlet_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o style_n for_o these_o word_n 238_o thou_o do_v steal_v a_o sack_n the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o there_o be_v a_o sack_n of_o a_o man_n unknown_a steal_v and_o that_o the_o common_a fame_n be_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v steal_v it_o whereupon_o the_o defendant_n do_v inform_v thomas_n kempe_n a_o justice_n of_o peace_n that_o he_o have_v steal_v it_o and_o in_o complain_v and_o inform_v the_o say_a justice_n thereof_o he_o do_v there_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o kempe_n and_o of_o the_o plaintiff_n say_v unto_o the_o plaintiff_n &_o of_o he_o thou_o do_v steal_v etc._n etc._n whereupon_o the_o plaintiff_n demur_v in_o law_n there_o be_v nothing_o speak_v to_o the_o case_n in_o the_o book_n but_o i_o conceive_v the_o law_n will_v be_v somewhat_o strong_a for_o the_o plaintiff_n that_o the_o demurrer_n be_v good_a and_o that_o the_o action_n notwithstanding_o the_o defendant_n justification_n will_v well_o lie_v for_o though_o common_a fame_n as_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o câ—udington_n and_o wilkins_n case_n be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o arrest_v for_o felony_n 105_o though_o the_o same_o be_v not_o true_a as_o also_o to_o charge_v a_o man_n with_o felony_n as_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o bland_n and_o mason_n case_n because_o these_o tend_v to_o the_o advancement_n of_o justice_n 381_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o warrant_v any_o man_n to_o say_v he_o be_v a_o felon_n or_o a_o thief_n or_o though_o common_a fame_n be_v such_o yet_o â—he_v party_n suspect_v may_v be_v innocent_a nor_o do_v it_o any_o way_n difference_n the_o case_n that_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v before_o a_o justice_n of_o peace_n because_o though_o common_a fame_n may_v as_o i_o have_v say_v warrant_v he_o to_o charge_v he_o with_o felony_n before_o a_o justice_n of_o peace_n yet_o it_o can_v warrant_v he_o to_o call_v he_o fellow_n a_o man_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o another_o for_o caâ—ling_v of_o he_o thief_n the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o there_o be_v a_o robbery_n do_v etc._n etc._n &_o communis_fw-la vox_fw-la &_o fama_fw-la patriae_fw-la be_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v guilty_a of_o it_o and_o so_o justify_v but_o the_o justification_n be_v hold_v nought_o for_o common_a fame_n that_o a_o man_n be_v a_o thief_n will_v nor_o justify_v any_o man_n in_o the_o call_n of_o he_o so_o 105_o but_o there_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o it_o will_v defend_v a_o man_n in_o arrest_v and_o imprison_v another_o for_o it_o cuddington_n and_o wilkins_n case_n adjudge_v that_o to_o call_v a_o man_n a_o thief_n after_o a_o general_a or_o special_a pardon_n though_o the_o defendant_n know_v it_o not_o will_v bear_v a_o a_o action_n but_o there_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o to_o arrest_v a_o man_n for_o felony_n after_o pardon_n if_o he_o know_v it_o not_o may_v be_v justifiable_a because_o it_o be_v a_o legal_a course_n and_o a_o act_n of_o justice_n in_o justice_n crook_n case_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o court_n bench._n that_o though_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o man_n to_o prefer_v a_o bill_n in_o the_o star-chamber_n against_o a_o judge_n for_o corruption_n or_o any_o other_o for_o any_o grand_a misdemeanour_n because_o it_o be_v a_o proceed_n in_o a_o ordinary_a course_n of_o justice_n yet_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n will_v publish_v the_o effect_n of_o his_o bill_n in_o a_o tavern_n or_o other_o place_n open_o by_o this_o mean_n to_o scandal_n the_o defendant_n this_o be_v punishable_a in_o another_o court_n notwithstanding_o the_o bill_n pend_v in_o the_o star-chamber_n because_o this_o tend_v mere_o to_o scandal_n and_o not_o to_o a_o pursue_v of_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o justice_n and_o so_o jones_n justice_n say_v it_o have_v be_v adjudge_v owen_n wood_n and_o buckleys_n case_n cite_v before_o do_v in_o effect_n make_v good_a that_o which_o justice_n jones_n say_v the_o case_n be_v thus_o owen_n wood_n exhibit_v a_o bill_n in_o the_o star-chamber_n against_o sir_n richard_n buckley_n and_o charge_v he_o with_o very_o great_a misdemeanour_n afterward_o buckley_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o owen_n wood_n for_o publish_v that_o the_o say_a bill_n and_o matter_n in_o that_o contain_v be_v true_a and_o have_v judgement_n which_o be_v afterward_o reverse_v in_o the_o chequer_n chamber_n because_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n lay_v that_o the_o defendant_n publish_v the_o bill_n to_o be_v true_a without_o express_v the_o matter_n in_o particular_a contain_v in_o the_o bill_n upon_o which_o the_o action_n be_v intend_v to_o be_v found_v so_o that_o those_o which_o hear_v only_o the_o say_a word_n that_o his_o bill_n be_v true_a can_v without_o further_o say_v know_v the_o clause_n which_o be_v slanderous_a to_o the_o plaintiff_n so_o that_o it_o be_v in_o this_o case_n plain_o admit_v that_o if_o he_o have_v publish_v the_o particular_a matter_n contain_v in_o the_o bill_n and_o this_o have_v be_v show_v by_o the_o plaintiff_n there_o the_o action_n will_v have_v lie_v note_v reader_n i_o have_v insert_v this_o clause_n in_o the_o rule_n before_o lay_v down_o where_o the_o prosecution_n in_o course_n of_o justice_n be_v not_o out_o of_o malice_n and_o touch_v a_o man_n life_n for_o this_o reason_n because_o i_o do_v conceive_v that_o in_o case_n where_o a_o man_n be_v scandal_v in_o his_o reputation_n and_o his_o life_n in_o question_n by_o a_o malition_n prosecution_n in_o course_n of_o justice_n that_o in_o such_o case_n a_o action_n will_v lie_v case_n if_o two_o false_o and_o malicious_o conspire_v to_o indict_v another_o and_o after_o he_o that_o be_v so_o indict_v be_v acquit_v a_o writ_n of_o conspiracy_n lie_v so_o if_o one_o only_a false_o and_o malicious_o cause_v another_o to_o be_v indict_v who_o be_v thereupon_o acquit_v a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o conspiracy_n lie_v against_o he_o for_o it_o and_o so_o it_o have_v be_v often_o adjudge_v i_o shall_v only_o remember_v one_o case_n in_o point_n marsham_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o peascod_n 372._o and_o declare_v how_o that_o he_o be_v of_o good_a fame_n and_o report_n and_o that_o the_o defendant_n intend_v to_o defame_v he_o falsâ—_n &_o malitiose_fw-la procure_v the_o plaintiff_n to_o be_v indict_v of_o felony_n &_o to_o be_v arrest_v and_o imprison_v quousque_fw-la fuit_fw-la acquietatus_fw-la so_o that_o the_o allege_v of_o the_o acquittal_n be_v insufficient_a for_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v say_v that_o he_o be_v legitimo_fw-la modo_fw-la acquiâ—tatus_fw-la the_o defendant_n plead_v not_o guilty_a and_o it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o richardson_n say_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n that_o this_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v if_o it_o be_v not_o allege_v that_o he_o be_v lawful_o acquit_v and_o say_v that_o f._n n._n b._n have_v the_o like_a writ_n and_o there_o it_o be_v allege_v express_o that_o he_o be_v lawful_o acquit_v and_o so_o it_o ought_v here_o tanfield_n justice_n a_o conspiracy_n nor_o a_o action_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o conspiracy_n will_v not_o lie_v if_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v not_o legittimo_fw-la modo_fw-la acquietatus_fw-la but_o if_o one_o procure_v another_o to_o be_v indâ—cted_v arrest_v and_o imprison_v falso_fw-la &_o malitiose_fw-la nee_n shall_v have_v a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n for_o the_o slander_n and_o vexation_n though_o that_o he_o be_v never_o acquit_v and_o he_o say_v that_o the_o like_a action_n upon_o the_o case_n have_v be_v adjudge_v to_o lie_v well_o though_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v never_o acquit_v and_o the_o justice_n rely_v much_o upon_o the_o word_n falso_fw-la &_o malitiose_fw-la and_o after_o judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n thus_o
you_o may_v see_v that_o where_o a_o man_n be_v false_o and_o malicious_o procure_v to_o be_v indict_v if_o he_o be_v acquit_v a_o writ_n of_o conspiracy_n or_o a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o conspiracy_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v be_v will_v lie_v and_o though_o he_o be_v not_o acquit_v yet_o a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n will_v lie_v for_o the_o slander_n and_o vexation_n yet_o in_o all_o these_o case_n there_o be_v a_o prosecution_n in_o course_n of_o justice_n but_o because_o this_o prosecution_n be_v malicious_a tend_v much_o to_o the_o slander_n and_o scandal_n of_o the_o plantiffe_n therefore_o the_o action_n lie_v but_o here_o i_o will_v have_v you_o observe_v reader_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n ought_v in_o these_o action_n to_o declare_v that_o the_o defendant_n falso_fw-la &_o malitiose_fw-la procure_v he_o to_o be_v indict_v because_o the_o malice_n be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o action_n and_o if_o upon_o the_o trial_n it_o do_v appear_v that_o there_o be_v probabilis_fw-la causa_fw-la for_o the_o indictment_n and_o prosecution_n thereupon_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v to_o show_v you_o in_o what_o case_n a_o legal_a prosecution_n in_o course_n of_o justice_n shall_v subject_v a_o man_n to_o a_o action_n in_o what_o not_o in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o which_o i_o can_v omit_v for_o what_o scandal_n of_o a_o noble_a man_n or_o great_a officer_n etc._n etc._n a_o action_n de_fw-fr scandalis_fw-la magnatum_fw-la will_v lie_v upon_o the_o statute_n a._n of_o 3._o e._n 1._o cap._n 33._o or_o 2._o r._n 2._o cap._n 5._o for_o a_o suit_n or_o other_o legal_a prosecution_n in_o course_n of_o justice_n against_o a_o noble_a man_n or_o great_a officer_n no_o action_n lie_v as_o be_v adjudge_v in_o the_o case_n of_o forger_n of_o false_a deed_n cite_v before_o so_o that_o as_o to_o this_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o noble_a man_n and_o another_o person_n but_o what_o scandalous_a word_n may_v be_v actionable_a in_o case_n of_o a_o nobleman_n for_o which_o a_o action_n de_fw-fr scandalâ—â—_n magnatum_fw-la will_v lie_v and_o what_o not_o may_v be_v very_o considerable_a i_o shall_v cite_v only_o one_o case_n to_o this_o purpose_n which_o will_v be_v as_o a_o light_n to_o all_o case_n of_o this_o nature_n and_o therefore_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o give_v it_o you_o whole_o without_o dissection_n or_o abbreviation_n as_o i_o find_v report_v the_o earl_n of_o lincoln_n bring_v a_o action_n de_fw-fr scandalis_fw-la magnatum_fw-la upon_o the_o statute_n of_o westm._n bench._n 1._o cap._n 33._o against_o one_o john_n righton_n and_o recite_v the_o statute_n and_o say_v that_o the_o defendant_n say_v of_o he_o my_o lord_n be_v a_o base_a earl_n and_o a_o paltry_a lord_n and_o keep_v none_o but_o rogue_n and_o raseal_n like_o himself_o upon_o not_o guilty_a plead_v it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o it_o be_v move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a for_o though_o they_o be_v unseemly_a &_o immodest_a yet_o they_o be_v not_o such_o defamatory_n word_n upon_o which_o to_o ground_v a_o action_n for_o though_o they_o be_v true_a the_o earl_n can_v not_o incur_v any_o prejudice_n by_o they_o crook_n cont_n this_o action_n de_fw-fr scandalis_fw-la magnatum_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v to_o other_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n for_o word_n speak_v of_o any_o other_o person_n for_o this_o be_v inhibit_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o if_o the_o word_n be_v such_o that_o any_o discord_n may_v arise_v by_o they_o betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n or_o his_o noble_n or_o any_o slander_n to_o they_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o contempt_n this_o action_n lie_v and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o record_n of_o a_o case_n in_o 4._o h._n 8._o of_o such_o a_o action_n bring_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o buckingham_n for_o such_o word_n which_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o be_v in_o contempt_n which_o be_v hold_v sufficient_a upon_o which_o to_o ground_v a_o action_n hobart_n attorney_n general_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n also_o who_o say_v that_o though_o a_o action_n do_v not_o lie_v for_o word_n betwixt_o common_a person_n but_o in_o case_n where_o they_o be_v touch_v in_o life_n or_o member_n or_o much_o in_o reputation_n yet_o if_o one_o speak_v any_o scandalous_a word_n of_o a_o earl_n or_o other_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o impeache_n their_o credit_n because_o that_o they_o be_v of_o the_o great_a counsel_n of_o the_o king_n and_o state_n and_o a_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o body_n politic_a so_o that_o their_o discredit_n or_o disparagement_n be_v a_o disparagement_n to_o all_o the_o realm_n therefore_o every_o thing_n which_o trench_n only_o to_o their_o discredit_n be_v a_o cause_n of_o action_n and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o judgement_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o duck_n of_o buckingham_n in_o 4_o h._n 8._o feâ—ner_n iust._n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o the_o action_n lie_v for_o they_o be_v word_n of_o great_a slander_n to_o the_o earl_n but_o where_o the_o statute_n of_o marleb_n be_v that_o lord_n shall_v not_o distrain_v the_o beast_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n and_o carry_v they_o into_o castle_n so_o that_o they_o can_v be_v replevied_a and_o if_o one_o say_v that_o a_o lord_n have_v so_o do_v yet_o a_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v tanfield_n justice_n concesset_fw-la but_o he_o say_v if_o one_o say_v of_o a_o lord_n that_o he_o use_v to_o distrain_v and_o put_v the_o beast_n in_o his_o castle_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la a_o action_n lie_v for_o one_o act_n against_o law_n will_v not_o bring_v he_o into_o contempt_n but_o if_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o he_o so_o to_o do_v this_o be_v a_o cause_n to_o make_v he_o contemptible_a in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n who_o have_v make_v commission_n to_o his_o servant_n to_o make_v lease_n and_o improve_v rent_n one_o say_v of_o he_o my_o lord_n have_v send_v his_o commissioner_n to_o spoil_v the_o country_n it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o this_o action_n will_v lie_v and_o yet_o in_o case_n of_o a_o common_a person_n it_o will_v not_o lie_v without_o doubt_n yet_o because_o that_o it_o may_v cause_v the_o lord_n to_o be_v in_o contempt_n with_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n this_o action_n lay_v and_o so_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o it_o will_v here_o williams_z justice_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o that_o the_o earl_n be_v conservator_fw-la pacis_fw-la at_o common_a law_n and_o comes_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o if_o any_o one_o speak_v of_o they_o any_o thing_n which_o may_v make_v they_o to_o be_v contemn_v of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o people_n a_o action_n lie_v upon_o this_o statute_n yeluerton_n justice_n be_v absent_a judgement_n be_v respite_v to_o the_o intent_n that_o the_o defendant_n by_o his_o submission_n may_v give_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o earl_n here_o you_o see_v the_o difference_n between_o word_n 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and_o that_o the_o defendant_n say_v then_o to_o the_o plaintiff_n that_o he_o innuendo_fw-la the_o plaintiff_n be_v so_o too_o innuendo_fw-la a_o traitor_n in_o both_o these_o case_n the_o innuendo_fw-la be_v good_a becuase_n it_o do_v its_o office_n in_o design_v of_o the_o person_n as_o also_o in_o declare_v of_o the_o matter_n or_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n which_o be_v certain_a before_o but_o a_o innuendo_fw-la b_o can_v make_v a_o person_n certain_a which_o be_v incertain_a before_o nor_o alter_v the_o matter_n or_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n themselves_o for_o it_o will_v be_v inconvenient_a that_o action_n shall_v be_v maintain_v by_o imagination_n of_o a_o intent_n which_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n upon_o which_o the_o action_n be_v found_v but_o be_v utter_o incertain_a and_o subject_a to_o deceaveable_a conjecture_n for_o by_o this_o mean_n if_o i_o shall_v be_v suffer_v to_o be_v the_o declarer_fw-la of_o the_o meaning_n or_o intendment_n of_o the_o incertain_a and_o doubtful_a speech_n of_o another_o man_n i_o may_v judge_v he_o to_o speak_v that_o he_o never_o think_v or_o intend_v and_o so_o punish_v he_o for_o that_o wherein_o he_o never_o offend_v the_o next_o and_o last_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v where_o a_o averrement_n will_v be_v necessary_a in_o these_o action_n and_o where_o not_o and_o here_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o this_o as_o a_o ground_n that_o in_o all_o case_n for_o word_n where_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o cause_n or_o ground_n of_o the_o action_n or_o tend_v necessary_o to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o it_o in_o such_o case_n the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v without_o that_o thing_n be_v express_o aver_v to_o be_v or_o not_o to_o be_v as_o the_o case_n require_v 8._o miles_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o jacob_n for_o these_o word_n thou_o innuendo_fw-la etc._n etc._n have_v poison_v smith_n quendam_fw-la sam._n smith_n ad_fw-la tuuc_fw-la defunct_a innuendo_fw-la adjudge_v the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v for_o this_o reason_n among_o other_o because_o that_o do_v it_o not_o appear_v that_o smith_n be_v dead_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o word_n speak_v and_o the_o innuendo_fw-la for_o that_o purpose_n be_v no_o sufficient_a averrement_n the_o liâ—e_z case_n be_v trin._n 17._o of_o this_o king_n common-pleas_a a._n bring_v a_o action_n against_o b._n for_o these_o word_n thou_o have_v kill_v my_o brother_n innuendo_fw-la c._n etc._n etc._n fratrem_fw-la etc._n etc._n nuper_fw-la mortuum_fw-la adjudge_v the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v not_o aver_v that_o he_o be_v dead_a at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v and_o it_o be_v rule_v that_o the_o innuendo_fw-la be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a averrement_n the_o reason_n of_o these_o case_n be_v because_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o action_n and_o if_o he_o be_v not_o dead_a which_o shall_v the_o rather_o be_v intend_v without_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v express_o aver_v he_o to_o be_v dead_a than_o the_o plaintiff_n can_v not_o be_v endamage_v by_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n and_o by_o consequence_n no_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o they_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o i_o have_v a_o report_n of_o a_o case_n which_o be_v 5._o of_o king_n james_n adjudge_v against_o the_o former_a case_n bench_n sir_n tho._n holt_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o tailor_n for_o these_o word_n sir_n thomas_n holt_n have_v kill_v his_o cook_n 107._o etc._n etc._n and_o do_v not_o aver_v that_o he_o have_v a_o cook_n nor_o that_o the_o cook_n be_v dead_a and_o this_o be_v move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n and_o by_o the_o whole_a court_n the_o declaration_n be_v move_v good_a because_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v intend_v that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o purgation_n of_o the_o slander_n as_o this_o be_v except_o it_o do_v appear_v in_o the_o record_n as_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n which_o be_v report_v to_o be_v dead_a but_o if_o it_o be_v express_v 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give_v in_o the_o common_a plea_n be_v reverse_v in_o this_o court_n note_v reader_n if_o there_o be_v no_o felon_n in_o that_o county_n which_o will_v rather_o be_v intend_v if_o it_o be_v not_o aver_v that_o there_o be_v some_o then_o the_o speak_n of_o the_o word_n can_v be_v no_o slander_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n 309_o and_o so_o no_o action_n can_v lie_v blands_n case_n cite_v before_o he_o bring_v a_o action_n against_o a._n b._n for_o say_v that_o he_o be_v indict_v for_o felony_n at_o a_o session_n hold_v etc._n etc._n and_o do_v not_o aver_v that_o he_o be_v not_o indict_v and_o after_o a_o verdict_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n judgement_n be_v stay_v because_o there_o be_v no_o avetrement_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la note_v if_o he_o be_v indict_v which_o he_o do_v tacit_o admit_v than_o no_o cause_n of_o action_n johnson_n against_o dyer_n bench._n the_o defendant_n have_v communication_n with_o the_o father_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n say_v to_o he_o i_o will_v take_v my_o oath_n that_o 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prichards_n man_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v and_o the_o justice_n in_o this_o case_n will_v not_o give_v judgement_n non_fw-la constat_fw-la in_o this_o case_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v the_o party_n of_o who_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v for_o there_o may_v be_v another_o of_o the_o same_o name_n dwell_v else_o where_o and_o therefore_o he_o ought_v to_o aver_v that_o he_o dwell_v in_o the_o next_o house_n that_o he_o may_v be_v certain_o intend_v to_o be_v the_o same_o person_n of_o who_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v where_o word_n shall_v not_o be_v actionable_a without_o a_o averrement_n of_o a_o special_a damage_n see_v foe_n 28._o i_o have_v clear_o prove_v the_o ground_n before_o lay_v down_o and_o by_o these_o case_n you_o may_v be_v sufficient_o instruct_v where_o a_o averrement_n will_v be_v necessary_a and_o where_o not_o and_o so_o i_o have_v quite_o finish_v this_o small_a treatise_n may_v the_o reader_n find_v as_o much_o profit_n and_o delight_n in_o the_o read_n of_o it_o as_o the_o anthor_n have_v in_o compose_v of_o it_o such_o be_v the_o ardent_a desire_n of_o your_o affectionate_a friend_n john_n march_n arbitrement_n the_o next_o thing_n reader_n that_o i_o have_v undertake_v to_o discourse_v of_o be_v arbitrement_n the_o learning_n whereof_o will_v be_v very_o useful_a to_o all_o man_n in_o regard_n that_o compromise_n or_o arbitrement_n be_v never_o more_o in_o use_n then_o now_o and_o most_o man_n either_o have_v be_v or_o may_v be_v arbitrator_n or_o at_o test_v have_v do_v or_o may_v submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o arbitration_n of_o other_o and_o as_o long_o as_o difference_n and_o contention_n arise_v among_o man_n which_o will_v be_v to_o the_o world_n end_n certain_o the_o learning_n of_o arbitrement_n will_v well_o deserve_v our_o knowledge_n which_o be_v well_o observe_v and_o learn_v by_o all_o man_n will_v be_v a_o good_a mean_n to_o prevent_v many_o suit_n and_o contention_n in_o the_o law_n for_o the_o future_a which_o be_v now_o daily_o occasion_v through_o the_o defect_n of_o arbitrement_n which_o rather_o beget_v and_o raise_v new_a controversy_n among_o the_o party_n then_o determine_v the_o old_a the_o only_a cause_n whereof_o be_v the_o ignorance_n of_o man_n in_o this_o learning_n the_o composer_n hereof_o reader_n take_v this_o pain_n only_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n of_o the_o common_a good_a that_o none_o may_v be_v ignorant_a of_o that_o which_o concern_v all_o and_o if_o it_o shall_v effect_v that_o for_o which_o it_o be_v make_v the_o instruct_n of_o the_o ignorant_a and_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a the_o author_n have_v his_o end_n and_o abundant_a recompense_n for_o his_o labour_n which_o that_o it_o may_v accomplish_v be_v the_o earnest_n and_o affectionate_a desire_n of_o the_o true_a servant_n to_o the_o public_a io_o march_n in_o my_o lord_n dyer_n it_o be_v say_v that_o to_o every_o award_n 6â—_n there_o be_v five_o thing_n incident_a 1._o matter_n of_o controversy_n 2._o submission_n 3._o party_n to_o the_o submission_n 4._o arbitrator_n 5._o render_v up_o of_o a_o arbitrement_n reader_n my_o purpose_n be_v god_n will_v to_o prosecute_v every_o one_o of_o these_o part_n or_o incident_n of_o a_o award_n though_v paradventure_n not_o in_o the_o order_n before_o set_v down_o conceive_v they_o to_o be_v as_o exact_v a_o description_n or_o delineation_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v requisite_a to_o every_o award_n as_o possible_o can_v be_v make_v and_o indeed_o teach_v to_o all_o the_o case_n in_o the_o law_n which_o do_v principal_o or_o chief_o concern_v award_v or_o arbitrement_n first_o then_o there_o must_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o debate_n question_n and_o controversy_n second_o this_o matter_n of_o debate_n question_n and_o controversy_n must_v be_v submit_v three_o there_o must_v be_v party_n to_o the_o submission_n four_o there_o must_v be_v arbitrator_n to_o wâ—om_o the_o matter_n in_o controversy_n must_v be_v submit_v and_o last_o the_o arbitrator_n must_v make_v a_o award_n or_o a_o arbitrement_n upon_o these_o several_a branch_n i_o shall_v raise_v several_a question_n and_o debate_n and_o clear_v they_o as_o i_o go_v and_o first_o who_o may_v submit_v to_o a_o arbitrement_n and_o who_o not_o i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v regular_o true_a that_o no_o person_n which_o be_v not_o of_o ability_n in_o judgement_n of_o law_n to_o make_v a_o grant_n &c_n &c_n can_v submit_v himelfe_n to_o a_o arbitrement_n as_o man_n attaint_v of_o treason_n felony_n or_o a_o praemunire_n idiot_n mad_a man_n a_o man_n deaf_a dumb_a and_o blind_a from_o his_o nativity_n a_o feme_fw-fr covert_n a_o infant_n a_o man_n by_o duressâ—e_n for_o a_o submission_n to_o a_o arbitrement_n must_v be_v spontanea_fw-la voluntate_fw-la person_n ontlaw_v for_o they_o have_v no_o good_n a_o dean_n without_o the_o chapter_n a_o major_a without_o the_o commonalty_n the_o master_n of_o a_o college_n or_o hospital_n without_o his_o fellow_n or_o the_o like_a all_o these_o as_o they_o be_v incapble_a to_o grant_v so_o i_o conceive_v that_o they_o be_v not_o of_o capability_n to_o submit_v to_o a_o arbitrement_n but_o that_o the_o submission_n will_v be_v absolute_o void_a in_o these_o case_n the_o reason_n of_o these_o case_n may_v be_v because_o that_o they_o have_v not_o power_n of_o themselves_o to_o dispose_v of_o their_o interest_n or_o property_n and_o therefore_o they_o can_v transfer_v such_o power_n over_o to_o another_o for_o the_o rule_n be_v quod_fw-la â—er_n i_o non_fw-la possum_fw-la necper_fw-la alinn_n and_o hill_n 15._o of_o this_o king_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n 14._o betwixt_o rudsten_n and_o yates_n it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o submission_n of_o a_o infant_n to_o a_o arbitrement_n be_v absolute_o void_a but_o now_o on_o the_o other_o side_n i_o conceive_v that_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v not_o fetter_v with_o these_o natural_a or_o legal_a disability_n but_o be_v of_o capacity_n to_o make_v a_o grant_n that_o such_o person_n may_v submit_v themselves_o to_o a_o arbitreman_n as_o person_n not_o attaint_v compos_fw-la mentis_fw-la deaf_a dumb_a or_o blind_a feme_v sole_a man_n of_o full_a age_n and_o the_o like_a the_o submission_n of_o such_o person_n to_o a_o arbitrement_n be_v good_a but_o enough_o of_o this_o in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o shall_v consider_v what_o thing_n may_v be_v submit_v to_o a_o arbitrement_n and_o what_o not_o that_o be_v to_o say_v what_o thing_n be_v in_o law_n arbitrable_a and_o what_o not_o thing_n and_o action_n which_o be_v mere_o personal_a and_o incertain_a 2._o as_o trespass_n a_o ward_n take_v away_o and_o the_o like_a be_v arbitrable_a but_o thing_n which_o be_v of_o themselves_o certain_a be_v not_o arbitrable_a except_o the_o submission_n be_v
word_n speak_v which_o such_o a_o man_n life_n which_o be_v by_o way_n of_o interrogation_n or_o by_o way_n of_o hearsay_n or_o relation_n or_o last_o by_o way_n of_o negation_n only_o and_o yet_o will_v bear_v a_o action_n it_o be_v say_v at_o the_o king_n bench_n bar_n which_o i_o hear_v and_o observe_v that_o it_o have_v be_v adjudge_v in_o this_o court_n in_o one_o appletons_n case_n car._n that_o where_o a_o man_n say_v to_o another_o where_o be_v my_o piece_n thou_o stoâ—lest_v from_o i_o interrogation_n that_o these_o word_n be_v actionable_a relation_n and_o jones_n justice_n then_o say_v that_o he_o remember_v this_o case_n to_o be_v adjudge_v a._n say_v that_o b._n tell_v he_o that_o c._n steal_v a_o horse_n but_o he_o do_v not_o believe_v he_o that_o these_o word_n with_o a_o averrement_n that_o b._n do_v not_o say_v any_o such_o thing_n to_o a._n be_v actionable_a 1153_o agree_v with_o this_o case_n be_v the_o lady_n morrisons_n case_n widow_n who_o bring_v a_o action_n for_o word_n against_o william_n câ—de_v esquire_n and_o declare_v that_o she_o be_v of_o good_a fame_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o henry_n earl_n of_o kent_n be_v in_o speech_n and_o communication_n with_o her_o concern_v marriage_n the_o defendant_n preâ—â—issorum_fw-la non_fw-la ignarus_fw-la say_v these_o word_n arsoot_n have_v report_v that_o he_o have_v have_v the_o use_n of_o the_o lady_n morrisons_n body_n at_o his_o pleasure_n ubi_fw-la revera_fw-la arscot_n do_v never_o report_v it_o and_o allege_v that_o the_o earl_n of_o kent_n upon_o the_o hear_n of_o these_o word_n surcease_v his_o suit_n by_o which_o she_o lose_v her_o advancement_n etc._n etc._n adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a though_o speak_v upon_o the_o report_n of_o another_o for_o otherwise_o a_o man_n may_v malicious_o raise_v slanderous_a report_n of_o another_o and_o shall_v never_o be_v punish_v for_o it_o but_o in_o this_o case_n tanfield_n justice_n say_v that_o if_o it_o have_v be_v express_o allege_v that_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v so_o report_v by_o arscot_n than_o a_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v against_o cade_n for_o say_v that_o arscot_n report_v it_o because_o it_o be_v true_a that_o he_o do_v so_o and_o bartley_n justice_n say_v that_o a_o action_n have_v be_v bring_v for_o these_o word_n actionable_a you_o be_v no_o thief_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o averrement_n which_o imply_v a_o affirmative_a and_o agree_v to_o be_v actionable_a and_o appletons_n case_n be_v then_o agree_v for_o law_n a._n say_v to_o is._n have_v thou_o be_v at_o london_n to_o change_v the_o money_n thou_o stolle_v from_o i_o bench._n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v object_v that_o these_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a interrogation_n because_o that_o they_o be_v speak_v only_o by_o way_n of_o interrogation_n and_o be_v no_o direct_a affirmative_a but_o jones_n and_o bary_o justice_n the_o other_o be_v absent_a both_o say_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a for_o the_o first_o word_n have_v thou_o be_v at_o london_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o only_a word_n of_o interrogation_n and_o the_o subsequent_a word_n viz._n the_o money_n thou_o stolle_v from_o i_o be_v a_o positive_a affirmation_n and_o baâ—tley_n iust._n then_o say_v that_o it_o have_v be_v oftentimes_o adjudge_v that_o word_n of_o interrogation_n shall_v be_v take_v as_o a_o direct_a affirmation_n which_o jones_n just._n also_o agree_v and_o further_o say_v that_o this_o case_n have_v be_v adjudge_v one_o say_v to_o another_o actionable_a i_o dream_v this_o night_n that_o you_o steal_v a_o horse_n these_o word_n be_v adjudge_v actionable_a and_o he_o say_v that_o if_o these_o and_o the_o like_a word_n shall_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n a_o man_n may_v be_v as_o abusive_a as_o he_o please_v and_o by_o such_o subtle_a word_n as_o these_o always_o avoid_v a_o action_n and_o how_o i_o will_v put_v you_o a_o case_n or_o two_o where_o word_n which_o imply_v a_o affirmative_a shall_v be_v actionable_a one_o say_v of_o another_o bench._n he_o will_v prove_v he_o have_v steal_v his_o book_n in_o this_o case_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o court_n be_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a because_o they_o imply_v a_o affirmative_a and_o be_v as_o much_o as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v that_o he_o have_v steal_v his_o book_n and_o so_o if_o i_o will_v say_v of_o another_o that_o i_o will_v bring_v he_o before_o a_o justice_n of_o peace_n for_o i_o will_v prove_v that_o he_o have_v steal_v etc._n etc._n though_o the_o first_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a yet_o the_o last_o be_v whitaerâ—s_v bring_v a_o action_n against_o lavington_n for_o these_o word_n bench._n i_o will_v prove_v that_o whytacre_n be_v for_o swear_v and_o that_o ten_o man_n can_v justify_v and_o i_o can_v prove_v he_o perjure_v if_o i_o will_v adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a slander_n to_o be_v report_v that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o any_o one_o to_o prove_v one_o perjure_v and_o it_o be_v as_o a_o direct_a affirmance_n it_o will_v be_v prove_v by_o many_o vehement_a presumption_n bench._n that_o welby_n be_v a_o plotter_n and_o contriver_n of_o thomas_n powel_n death_n because_o he_o will_v not_o sell_v his_o land_n to_o the_o say_v welby_n adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v actionable_a and_o now_o i_o have_v show_v you_o the_o affirmative_a part_n where_o word_n which_o touch_n or_o concern_v a_o man_n life_n shall_v be_v actionable_a i_o shall_v now_o show_v unto_o you_o the_o negative_a part_n where_o word_n in_o such_o case_n shall_v not_o be_v actionable_a word_n that_o touch_v or_o concern_v a_o man_n life_n may_v not_o be_v actionable_a in_o these_o case_n where_o they_o be_v too_o general_a or_o not_o positive_o affirmative_a or_o of_o a_o double_a or_o indifferent_a meaning_n or_o doubtful_a in_o sense_n or_o for_o that_o they_o be_v incertain_a in_o themselves_o or_o the_o person_n of_o who_o they_o be_v speak_v or_o else_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o subsequent_a qualification_n of_o the_o word_n or_o because_o they_o do_v not_o import_v a_o act_n but_o a_o intent_n or_o inclination_n only_o to_o it_o or_o for_o that_o they_o be_v impossible_a or_o last_o because_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o the_o speak_n of_o they_o can_v be_v no_o damage_n to_o the_o plaâ—ntiffe_n in_o all_o these_o case_n the_o word_n will_v not_o be_v actionable_a and_o first_o word_n that_o be_v too_o general_a or_o not_o positive_o affirmative_a will_v not_o be_v actionable_a to_o say_v of_o a_o man_n that_o he_o deserve_v to_o be_v hang_v bench._n adjudge_v not_o actionable_a because_o they_o be_v too_o general_a for_o that_o he_o do_v not_o show_v any_o thing_n that_o he_o have_v do_v to_o deserve_v it_o and_o bâ—_n yeluerton_n justice_n he_o may_v deserve_v it_o for_o unnatural_a use_n of_o his_o parent_n and_o the_o like_a where_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o law_n cook_n lib._n 4._o f._n 15._o b._n yeoman_n and_o hext_n case_n for_o my_o ground_n in_o allerton_n hext_v seek_v my_o life_n adjudge_v not_o actionable_a because_o seek_v his_o life_n be_v to_o general_a for_o which_o there_o be_v no_o punishment_n so_o if_o i_o say_v of_o another_o that_o it_o be_v in_o my_o power_n to_o hang_v he_o bench._n adjudge_v not_o actionable_a in_o prâ—dham_n and_o tuckers_n case_n cite_v before_o because_o the_o word_n be_v too_o general_a james_n steward_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o bâ—shop_n for_o say_v of_o he_o 196._o that_o he_o waâ—_n in_o warwick_n gaol_n for_o steal_v of_o a_o mare_n and_o other_o beast_n and_o adjudge_v that_o the_o word_n will_v not_o bear_v a_o action_n because_o they_o do_v not_o affirm_v direct_o that_o he_o do_v steal_v they_o as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v that_o he_o steal_v they_o and_o be_v in_o goal_n for_o it_o but_o only_o make_v report_n of_o his_o imprisonment_n and_o the_o suppose_a reason_n of_o it_o and_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v that_o the_o warrant_n of_o mittimus_fw-la be_v for_o steal_v express_o as_o be_v the_o common_a form_n of_o make_v of_o the_o calendar_n of_o the_o prisoner_n for_o the_o justice_n of_o assize_n and_o the_o like_a georg_n blaâ—d_v bring_v a_o action_n against_o a._n b._n for_o say_v that_o he_o be_v indict_v for_o felony_n at_o such_o a_o session_n 289._o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v question_v whether_o a_o action_n will_v lie_v because_o a_o indictment_n be_v but_o a_o surmise_n but_o i_o conceive_v that_o it_o be_v without_o question_n that_o no_o action_n wilâ—_n lie_v in_o such_o case_n because_o that_o to_o say_v a_o man_n be_v indict_v of_o felony_n be_v no_o more_o than_o to_o say_v he_o be_v impeach_v or_o accuse_v for_o felony_n which_o a_o honest_a man_n may_v be_v and_o be_v no_o positive_a affirmation_n
beâ—_n only_o against_o a_o penal_a law_n for_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o of_o the_o queen_n cap._n 2._o give_v a_o penalty_n only_o for_o speak_v against_o the_o book_n of_o common_a prayer_n but_o in_o default_n of_o payment_n thereof_o imprisonment_n and_o he_o hold_v that_o all_o scandalous_a word_n which_o if_o they_o be_v true_a will_v make_v a_o man_n liable_a either_o to_o a_o pecuniary_a or_o a_o corporal_a punishment_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n but_o mallet_n justice_n and_o bramston_n chief_a justice_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a judgement_n and_o their_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o if_o this_o shall_v be_v law_n it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a occasion_n to_o increase_v and_o multiply_v action_n for_o word_n which_o the_o law_n labour_v to_o suppress_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v for_o then_o all_o word_n speak_v of_o any_o man_n which_o if_o they_o be_v true_a will_v subject_v he_o to_o a_o penalty_n either_o by_o the_o common_a or_o the_o statute_n law_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n as_o to_o say_v of_o a_o man_n that_o he_o have_v erect_v a_o cottage_n or_o commit_v a_o riot_n or_o the_o like_a will_v be_v actionable_a which_o the_o law_n will_v not_o suffer_v for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o judgement_n be_v give_v according_o mallet_n justice_n in_o the_o argue_v of_o this_o case_n say_v that_o there_o be_v a_o action_n then_o pend_v in_o the_o common-plea_n for_o call_v of_o a_o man_n recusant_n and_o he_o say_v that_o his_o opinion_n be_v the_o action_n be_v not_o maintainable_a i_o never_o hear_v what_o become_v of_o that_o case_n but_o i_o conceive_v the_o law_n to_o be_v with_o justice_n mallet_n for_o though_o there_o be_v many_o penalty_n and_o forfeiture_n provide_v by_o statute_n against_o recusant_n yet_o no_o corporal_a punishment_n be_v give_v by_o any_o of_o they_o no_o not_o after_o conviction_n thorneton_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o jobson_n 188._o and_o lay_v that_o he_o be_v a_o carrier_n and_o of_o good_a same_o and_o that_o the_o defendant_n say_v of_o he_o that_o he_o be_v a_o common_a barretor_n in_o this_o case_n the_o book_n say_v that_o the_o court_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o these_o word_n be_v speak_v of_o a_o justice_n of_o peace_n or_o public_a officer_n or_o of_o a_o attorney_n or_o the_o like_a that_o they_o will_v bear_v a_o action_n by_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o court_n do_v incline_v against_o the_o action_n in_o this_o case_n in_o a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n for_o word_n bench._n the_o word_n be_v i_o be_o sorry_a for_o thy_o wife_n and_o child_n thou_o be_v a_o common_a barretor_n and_o i_o will_v indict_v thou_o for_o it_o aâ—_n the_o next_o assize_n etc._n etc._n adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a and_o by_o yeluerton_n justice_n the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v for_o say_v that_o he_o be_v a_o barretor_n no_o more_o then_o for_o say_v that_o he_o be_v a_o riotor_n a_o peace_n breaker_n or_o the_o like_a and_o a_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v for_o say_v that_o a_o man_n be_v a_o rogue_n to_o say_v of_o a_o attorney_n case_n that_o he_o be_v a_o champertor_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n but_o i_o conceive_v upon_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a that_o to_o say_v of_o one_o who_o be_v no_o attorney_n justice_n of_o peace_n nor_o other_o public_a officer_n that_o he_o be_v a_o champertor_n or_o a_o common_a maintainer_n of_o suit_n will_v not_o be_v actionable_a nor_o be_v it_o actionable_a in_o case_n of_o the_o atorney_n to_o say_v that_o he_o be_v a_o common_a maintainer_n of_o suit_n the_o reason_n of_o these_o case_n may_v be_v because_o that_o though_o any_o man_n may_v be_v indict_v for_o be_v a_o common_a barretor_n champertor_n or_o maintainer_n of_o suit_n and_o thereupon_o fine_v and_o imprison_v yet_o the_o punishment_n be_v only_o the_o fine_a and_o the_o imprisonment_n as_o a_o consequent_a or_o incident_a thereunto_o and_o as_o it_o be_v say_v before_o in_o hawes_n case_n if_o a_o action_n shall_v lie_v in_o these_o case_n then_o in_o all_o case_n where_o a_o man_n shall_v charge_v a_o man_n with_o a_o crime_n or_o offence_n for_o which_o a_o man_n may_v be_v indict_v and_o fine_v a_o action_n will_v lie_v which_o will_v occasion_v multitude_n of_o suit_n of_o this_o nature_n that_o the_o law_n labour_v so_o much_o to_o suppress_v and_o now_o i_o have_v show_v you_o what_o word_n which_o touch_n or_o concern_v a_o man_n in_o member_n or_o any_o corporell_n punishment_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n show_v you_o what_o word_n in_o such_o case_n will_v not_o be_v actionable_a and_o that_o may_v be_v in_o these_o case_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o doubtful_a or_o indifferent_a meaning_n of_o they_o or_o of_o the_o incertainty_n of_o the_o word_n themselves_o or_o of_o the_o person_n of_o who_o they_o be_v speak_v or_o of_o the_o subsequent_a qualification_n of_o they_o or_o upon_o the_o other_o ground_n and_o reason_n which_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o before_o for_o we_o must_v know_v that_o i_o may_v speak_v once_o for_o all_o that_o all_o those_o ground_n which_o be_v before_o set_v down_o whâ—re_v word_n shall_v not_o be_v actionable_a which_o touch_n or_o concern_v a_o man_n life_n will_v agree_v with_o all_o action_n for_o word_n whatsoever_o whether_o that_o the_o word_n touch_v or_o concern_v a_o man_n in_o corporal_a punishment_n as_o before_o or_o in_o his_o office_n or_o place_n of_o trust_n or_o in_o his_o call_n or_o function_n by_o which_o he_o gain_v his_o live_n or_o the_o like_a as_o be_v manifest_v likewise_o in_o part_n before_o and_o shall_v be_v more_o full_o hereafter_o but_o to_o the_o point_n what_o word_n in_o this_o case_n will_v not_o be_v actionable_a box_n and_o barnaby_n case_v cite_v before_o 245._o to_o say_v of_o a_o attorney_n that_o he_o be_v a_o champertor_n will_v bear_v a_o action_n but_o to_o say_v that_o he_o be_v a_o common_a maintainer_n of_o suit_n will_v not_o bâ—are_v a_o action_n for_o there_o be_v maintenance_n lawful_a and_o unlawful_a a_o attorney_n may_v and_o aught_o to_o maintain_v his_o client_n cause_n and_o a_o attorney_n may_v well_o be_v say_v a_o common_a maintainer_n because_o he_o be_v common_a to_o as_o many_o as_o will_v retain_v he_o thus_o you_o see_v word_n of_o a_o double_a intendment_n shall_v be_v take_v best_a for_o the_o speaker_n for_o the_o word_n in_o this_o case_n shall_v not_o be_v intend_v of_o any_o unlawful_a maintenance_n but_o of_o a_o lawful_a maintain_n of_o his_o client_n cause_n stanhope_n bring_v a_o action_n for_o these_o word_n master_n stanhope_n have_v but_o one_o manor_n and_o that_o he_o have_v get_v by_o swear_v and_o forswear_v adjudge_v the_o word_n be_v not_o actionable_a for_o this_o reason_n among_o other_o because_o that_o for_o aught_o appear_v he_o may_v be_v forswear_v in_o ordinary_a communication_n and_o not_o in_o any_o juditiall_a proceed_n which_o be_v not_o punishable_a by_o the_o law_n and_o where_o the_o word_n be_v of_o a_o indifferent_a meaning_n the_o law_n will_v as_o be_v say_v before_o take_v they_o the_o best_a for_o the_o speaker_n smith_n bring_v a_o action_n for_o these_o word_n bench._n thou_o be_v forswear_v and_o have_v take_v a_o false_a oath_n at_o hereford_n assizes_n by_o the_o opinion_n of_o jones_n and_o bartley_n justice_n the_o other_o justice_n absent_a the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o that_o he_o may_v be_v forswear_v in_o ordinary_a communication_n otherwise_o if_o he_o have_v say_v that_o he_o have_v take_v a_o false_a oath_n in_o the_o assize_n for_o there_o it_o shall_v be_v intend_v that_o he_o forswear_a himself_o in_o a_o juditiall_a proceed_n in_o a_o case_n that_o i_o have_v cite_v before_o which_o be_v mich._n 41._o &_o 42._o of_o the_o queen_n in_o the_o common_a plea_n this_o case_n be_v remember_v by_o williâ—ms_n thou_o be_v etc._n etc._n thou_o be_v forswear_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n he_o say_v that_o in_o this_o case_n the_o plaintiff_n can_v have_v no_o judgement_n because_o of_o the_o double_a intendment_n of_o the_o word_n for_o they_o may_v be_v take_v that_o he_o be_v forswear_v either_o in_o the_o court_n or_o the_o prison_n and_o the_o best_a shall_v be_v take_v for_o the_o speaker_n viz._n that_o he_o be_v forswear_a in_o the_o prison_n weaver_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o cariden_n for_o these_o word_n a_o he_o be_v detect_v for_o perjury_n in_o the_o starchamber_n adjudge_v that_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o that_o a_o honest_a man_n may_v be_v detect_v but_o not_o convict_v and_o every_o one_o who_o have_v a_o bill_n of_o perjury_n exhibit_v there_o against_o he_o be_v detect_v here_o the_o word_n do_v not_o positive_o affirm_v he_o to_o be_v
defendant_n or_o two_o defendant_n and_o one_o plaintiff_n put_v themselves_o to_o the_o award_n of_o other_o neither_o the_o one_o plaintiff_n with_o out_o thâ—â—_n other_o 6._o nor_o the_o one_o defendant_n without_o the_o other_o may_v discharge_v the_o arbitrator_n the_o reason_n be_v obvious_a because_o that_o they_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o joint_a authority_n of_o both_o and_o therefore_o can_v be_v countermand_v by_o one_o alone_a but_o that_o which_o be_v the_o last_o and_o best_a authority_n 82._o be_v vinyors_n case_n where_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o though_o a_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o stand_v to_o the_o arbitrement_n etc._n etc._n yet_o he_o may_v countermand_v the_o arbitrator_n the_o reason_n that_o be_v give_v be_v because_o a_o man_n can_v by_o his_o own_o act_n make_v such_o a_o authority_n power_n or_o warrant_v not_o countemandable_a which_o by_o the_o law_n &_o its_o owâ—_n proper_a nature_n be_v countermandable_a aâ—â—_n i_o make_v a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o maâ—â—_n livery_n or_o to_o sue_v a_o action_n in_o my_o 〈◊〉_d or_o if_o i_o assign_v auditor_n to_o take_v a_o account_n or_o if_o i_o make_v one_o my_o factor_n oâ—_n submit_v myself_o to_o a_o arbitrement_n though_o that_o these_o be_v do_v by_o express_a word_n irrevocable_a or_o that_o i_o grant_v or_o unbind_v that_o all_o these_o shall_v stand_v irrevocable_a yet_o they_o may_v be_v revoke_v so_o if_o i_o make_v my_o testament_n or_o last_o with_o irrevocable_a yet_o i_o may_v revoke_v it_o but_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v further_o resolve_v that_o by_o the_o countermand_n or_o revocation_n of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o arbitrator_n the_o bond_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o brook_n before_o cite_v be_v forfeit_v because_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o stand_v to_o his_o award_n which_o he_o do_v not_o do_v when_o he_o discharge_v the_o arbitrator_n i_o have_v sufficient_o clear_v it_o that_o the_o authority_n of_o arbitrator_n be_v countermandable_a but_o hence_o arise_v two_o question_n more_o the_o first_o be_v whether_o the_o authority_n of_o arbitrator_n be_v countermandable_a without_o deed_n or_o not_o the_o resolve_v of_o which_o doubt_n i_o conceive_v will_v stand_v upon_o this_o difference_n where_o the_o submission_n be_v by_o deed_n and_o where_o without_o deed_n where_o it_o be_v by_o deed_n in_o such_o case_n i_o conceive_v the_o authority_n can_v be_v countermand_v but_o by_o deed_n and_o so_o be_v 49._o eâ—_n 3._o but_o where_o it_o be_v without_o deed_n 9_o there_o the_o authority_n may_v be_v countermand_v without_o deed_n and_o this_o i_o ground_n upon_o that_o rule_n of_o law_n codom_n modo_fw-la quâ—_n 〈◊〉_d creature_n dissolvitur_fw-la it_o be_v but_o agreeable_a to_o natural_a equity_n that_o every_o thing_n shall_v be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o same_o meâ—nes_n or_o power_n that_o it_o be_v create_v and_o in_o vinyors_n case_n which_o i_o have_v â—â—ited_v before_o there_o the_o submission_n 〈◊〉_d by_o deed_n and_o the_o countermand_n pleadeâ—_n by_o deed_n the_o second_o and_o last_o doâ—â—â—_n or_o question_n considerable_a in_o this_o countermand_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o arbitrator_n iâ—_n whether_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v notice_n of_o the_o countermand_n or_o no_o there_o must_v be_v notice_n of_o the_o countermand_n a._n for_o without_o notice_n it_o 〈◊〉_d no_o revocation_n or_o abrogation_n of_o the_o authority_n and_o so_o it_o be_v resolve_v in_o the_o book_n which_o you_o have_v in_o the_o margin_n vinyors_n case_n cite_v before_o be_v thâ—â—_n he_o bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o bond_n against_o wilde_n condition_v for_o â—he_n stand_v to_o a_o award_n to_o which_o the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o the_o arbitrator_n make_v no_o award_n the_o plaintiff_n reply_v that_o after_o the_o make_n of_o the_o say_a writing_n obligatory_a and_o before_o the_o feast_n of_o &c_n &c_n the_o defendant_n by_o his_o deed_n etc._n etc._n rovocavit_fw-la &_o abrogavit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d authoritatem_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o he_o have_v give_v by_o his_o writing_n obligatory_a to_o the_o arbitrator_n upon_o which_o the_o defendant_n demur_v it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n need_v not_o aver_v that_o the_o arbitrator_n have_v notice_n of_o the_o countermand_n but_o the_o reason_n that_o be_v give_v be_v not_o because_o that_o no_o notice_n be_v requisite_a but_o because_o notice_n be_v imply_v in_o these_o word_n revocaâ—n_n &_o abrogavit_fw-la be_v in_o the_o word_n feoffavit_fw-la dedit_fw-la &_o dimisit_fw-la a_o livery_n be_v imply_v but_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o without_o notice_n it_o be_v no_o revocation_n of_o the_o authority_n and_o therefore_o if_o there_o be_v no_o notice_n in_o this_o case_n say_v the_o book_n the_o defendant_n ought_v to_o have_v take_v issue_n quod_fw-la non_fw-la revocavit_fw-la &c_n &c_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o notice_n it_o shall_v be_v find_v for_o the_o defendant_n i_o have_v do_v with_o the_o countermand_n of_o the_o authority_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v what_o a_o arbitrement_n be_v a_o award_n or_o a_o arbitrement_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o order_n judgement_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o arbitrator_n upon_o the_o matter_n or_o thing_n in_o controversy_n refer_v or_o submit_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o party_n for_o their_o determination_n thus_o in_o short_a you_o see_v what_o a_o arbitrement_n be_v the_o next_o and_o main_a scruple_n or_o question_n will_v be_v what_o arbitrement_n be_v good_a in_o law_n and_o what_o nor_o a_o award_n or_o a_o arbitrement_n may_v be_v void_a in_o law_n in_o several_a respect_n and_o first_o where_o the_o award_n be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o submission_n and_o this_o threefould_a either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o person_n thing_n submit_v or_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o submission_n and_o first_o a_o award_n may_v be_v void_a where_o it_o be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o submission_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o person_n that_o be_v where_o it_o do_v award_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v by_o or_o to_o a_o stranger_n who_o be_v not_o party_n to_o the_o submission_n in_o 22._o h._n 6._o acc_fw-la the_o case_n be_v thus_o in_o debt_n upon_o a_o bond_n to_o stand_v to_o a_o award_n the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o the_o arbitrator_n do_v award_v he_o to_o pay_v 20_o shilling_n to_o r._n a_o stranger_n which_o he_o pay_v in_o this_o case_n by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o whole_a court_n the_o award_n be_v void_a so_o in_o 17._o e._n 4_o two_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o i_o s_o of_o all_o trespass_n etc._n etc._n 2_o who_o award_v that_o the_o one_o shall_v pay_v to_o the_o other_o 40_o l._n 10_o l._n in_o hand_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v find_v three_o several_a sverty_n every_o one_o of_o they_o to_o be_v bind_v with_o he_o in_o 10_o l._n to_o pay_v the_o 30._o l._n residue_n at_o a_o certain_a day_n by_o the_o whole_a court_n the_o award_n be_v void_a as_o to_o the_o find_n of_o the_o surety_n which_o be_v stranger_n to_o the_o submission_n and_o therefore_o certain_o that_o opinion_n in_o 5._o h._n 7._o can_v be_v law_n where_o it_o be_v admit_v that_o a_o award_n to_o make_v a_o feoffement_n to_o a_o stranger_n be_v good_a moor_n and_o bedels_n case_n be_v thus_o 476._o bedel_n recover_v by_o default_n in_o a_o action_n of_o waste_v against_o moor_n 45_o l._n damage_n after_o which_o judgement_n they_o submit_v themselves_o to_o a_o award_n the_o arbitrator_n award_v that_o moor_n shall_v pay_v to_o bedel_n 10_o l_o at_o certain_a day_n and_o 15_o l._n at_o certain_a other_o day_n and_o that_o for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o 15_o l._n one_o william_n salter_n shall_v be_v ready_a to_o sealâ—_n and_o deliver_v 15_o obligation_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o say_v william_n salter_n shall_v do_v other_o thing_n not_o within_o submission_n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o as_o to_o all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o william_n salter_n 2417._o be_v a_o stranger_n to_o the_o submission_n the_o award_n be_v void_a for_o they_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o perform_v any_o award_n but_o that_o which_o be_v within_o the_o submission_n so_o likewise_o it_o be_v adjudge_v betwixt_o ecclessield_n and_o maliard_n in_o the_o king_n bench._n two_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o a._n who_o arbitrate_v thus_o b._n the_o award_n of_o a._n indifferent_o choose_v by_o i._o for_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o obligor_fw-la of_o one_o part_n and_o the_o oblige_v of_o the_o other_o part_n etc._n etc._n the_o doubt_n be_v whether_o the_o award_n be_v betwixt_o the_o party_n oâ—_n no_o but_o it_o be_v rule_v that_o it_o be_v because_o that_o i._o be_v not_o party_n to_o the_o award_n but_o a_o deputy_n or_o factor_n etc._n etc._n a._n and_o b._n be_v bind_v to_o stand_v