Newport got in and arriued at Iames Towne not long after the redemption of Captaine Smith to whom the Sauages euery other day brought such plenty of Bread Fish Turkies Squirrels Deere and other wilde Beasts part they gaue him as presents from the King the rest he as their market Clarke set the price how they should fell So he had inchanted those poore soules being their Prisoner in demonstrating vnto them the roundnesse of the World the course of the Moone and Starres the cause of the day and night the largenesse of the Seas the qualities of our ships shot and powder The diuision of the World with the diuersitie of people their complexions customes and conditions All which he fained to be vnder the command of Captaine Newport whom he termed to them his Father of whose arriuall it chanced he so directly prophecied as they esteemed him an Oracle by these fictions he not only saued his owne life and obtained his liberty but had them at that command he might command them what he listed That God that created all these things they knew he adored for his God whom they would also tearme in their Discourses the God of Captaine Smith The President and Councell so much enuied his estimation amongst the Sauages though wee all in generall equally participated with him of the good thereof that they wrought it into their vnderstandings by their great bountie in giuing foure times more for their Commodities then he appointed that their greatnesse and authoritie as much exceeded his as their bountie and liberalitie Now the arriuall of his first supply so ouer-ioyed vs that wee could not deuise too much to please the Mariners Wee gaue them libertie to trucke or trade at their pleasures But in a short time it followed that that could not be had for a pound of Copper which before was sold for an ounce Thus Ambition and Sufferance cut the throat of our Trade but confirmed their opinion of Newports greatnesse where with Smith had possessed Powhatan especially by the great Presents Newport often sent him before he could prepare the Pinnace to goe and visit him so that this Sauage also desired to see him A great brute there was to set him forward when hee went he was accompanied with Captaine Smith and Master Scriuener a very wise vnderstanding Gentleman newly arriued and admitted of the Councell and thirtie or fortie chosen men for that guard Arriuing at Werowocomo Newports conceit of this great Sauage bred many doubts and suspicions of Treacheries which Smith to make appeare was needlesse with twentie men well appointed vndertooke to encounter with that number the worst that could happen These being kindly receiued ashore with two or three hundred Sauages were conducted to their Towne Powhatan strained himselfe to the vttermost of his greatnesse to entertaine vs with great shouts of Ioy Orations of protestations and the most plentie of victuall hee could prouide to feast vs. Sitting vpon his Bed of Mats his Pillow of Leather imbroydered after their rude manner with Pearle and white Beads his Attire afaire Robe of skinnes as large as an Irish Mantle at his head and feet a handsome young woman on each side his house sate twentie of his Concubines their heads and shoulders painted red with a great chaine of white Beads about their neckes before those sate his chiefest men in like order in his Arbor-like house With many pretie Discourses to renue their old acquaintance the great King and our Captaine spent the time till the ebbe left our Barge aground then renuing their Feasts and mirth we quartred that night with Powhatan the next day Newport came ashore and receiued as much content as those people could giue him a Boy named Tho. Sauage was then giuen vnto Powhatan whom Newport called his Sonne for whom Powhatan gaue him Namontacke his trustie Seruant and one of a shrewd subtill capacitie Three or foure dayes were spent in feasting dancing and trading wherein Powhatan carried himselfe so proudly yet discreetly in his Sauage manner as made vs all admire his naturall gifts considering his education as scorning to trade as his subiects did hee bespake Newport in this manner Captaine Newport it is not agreeable with my greatnesse in this pedling manner to trade for trifles and I esteeme you a great Weroans Therefore lay mee downe all your Commodities together what I like I will take and in recompence giue you that I thinke fitting their value Captaine Smith being our Interpreter regarding Newport as his Father knowing best the disposition of Powhatan told vs his intent was but to cheat vs yet Captaine Newport thinking to out-braue this Sauage in ostentation of greatnesse and so to bewitch him with his bountie as to haue what he listed but so it chanced Powhatan hauing his desire valued his Corne at such a rate as I thinke it better cheape in Spaine for we had not foure bushels for that we expected twentie Hogsheads This bred some vnkindnesse betweene our two Captaines Newport seeking to please the humour of the vnsatiable Sauage Smith to cause the Sauage to please him but smothering his distaste to auoid the Sauages suspition glanced in the eyes of Powhatan many Trifles who fixed his humour vpon a few blue Beads A long time he importunately desired them but Smith seemed so much the more to affect them so that ere we departed for a pound or two of blue Beads he brought ouer my King for two or three hundred bushels of Corne yet parted good friends The like entertainment we found of Opechantynough King of Pamaunke whom also he in like manner fitted at the like rates with blue Beads and so wee returned to the Fort. Where this new supply being lodged with the rest accidentally fired the quarters and so the Towne which being but thatched with Reeds the fire was so fierce as it burnt their Pallizadoes though ten or twelue yards distant with their Armes Bedding Apparell and much priuate prouision Good Master Hunt our Preacher lost all his Librarie and all that hee had but the clothes on his backe yet none euer saw him repine at his losse Upon any alarme he would be as readie for defence as any and till he could speake he neuer ceassed to his vtmost to animate vs constanily to persist whose soule questionlesse is with God This happened in the Winter in that extreme Frost 1607. Now though we had victuall sufficient I meane only of Oate-meale Meale and Corne yet the ship staying there fourteene weekes when she might as well haue beene gone in fourteene dayes spent the Beefe Porke Oyle Aquauitae Fish Butter and Cheese Beere and such like as was prouided to be landed vs. When they departed what their discretion could spare vs to make a Feast or two with Bisket Porke Beefe Fish and Oyle to rellish our mouthes of each somewhat they left vs yet I must confesse those that had either Money spare Clothes credit
Rats and such like wormes they eate also all manner of Fruites sauing some that are poisonous This sustenance is ordinarily of that which the Countrie yeeldeth without husbandrie as wilde fowle flesh and fruites but they haue a certaine kinde of foode of a good substance and healthfull and many other pulses whereof hereafter shall mention be made Ordinarily they drinke not while they eate but after meate they drinke water or wine which they make of many kindes of fruites and rootes as hereafter shall be said of the which they drinke without measure or order euen till they fall downe They haue some particular daies wherein they make great feasts and all ends in drinking and they last two or three daies in the which they eate not but onely drinke and there be men that emptie a whole great vessell of wine That these drinkings may be more festiuall some goe about singing from house to house calling and inuiting all they finde for to drinke and be merrie These dancings last with musicke all the time of the drinking in the which they sleepe not but passe it all in drinking and when they are drunke they play many disorders and they breake one anothers head and take other mens wiues c. They giue no thankes before nor after meate to God nor wash their hands before meate and after meate they wipe them at their haire on their body or a poste They haue no towels nor tables they eate fitting or lying in their nets or cowring on the ground they eate their meate throwing it with their hand into the mouth and I omit many other particularities that they haue in their eating and drinking because these are the principall All this people haue for their beds certaine nets made of Cotten wooll and they sleepe in them hanging in the ayre These they make some wrought others of sundry colours and as they remaine in the ayre and haue no other couering or cloathes al waies in summer and winter they haue fire vnder them they rise not very early and goe to bed by times and in the mornings there is one chiefe man in their houses that lying in his net doth preach vnto them for the space of an houre how they are to goe to labour as their forefathers did and he appointeth them the time telling them what they are to doe and after he is vp continueth his preaching running through the Towne They tooke this custome from a bird which is like a Hawke which singeth in the morning and they call it the King and Lord of the other Birds and they say that euen as that Bird doth sing in the mornings to be heard of the rest so the principall should make those preachings and speeches to be heard of theirs All of them goe naked as well men as women and haue no kinde of apparnll and are nothing ashamed rather it seemeth that they are in the state of innocencie touching this behalfe by the great honestie and modestie they doe keepe among themselues and when any man speaketh with a woman he turneth his backe to her But to make themselues gallant they vse diuers inuentions painting their bodies with the iuice of a certaine fruite wherewith they remaine black making in their bodies many white stroakes after the fashion of round hose and other kinde of garments They enplume themselues also making Diadems and Bracelets and other very fine inuentions they esteeme very much all manner of fine Feathers they let no haire grow in the parts of their body but they pull them out onely the head excepted which they cut in many fashions for some weare them long with a halfe Moone shauen before and they say they tooke this vse from Saint Thomas and it seemeth that they had some notice of him though confusedly others make certaine kinde of crownes and circles that they seeme Friers the women all doe weare long haire and ordinarily blacke and the haire of the one and of the other is smooth when they are angrie they let their haire grow long and the women when they mourne doe cut their haire and also when their husbands goe a farre iourney in this they show their loue and loyaltie to them the vanitie they haue in their poling is so much that by the head the Nations are knowne Now alreadie some doe weare apparell as well men as women but they esteeme it so little that they weare it rather for fashion then for honesties sake and because they are commanded to weare it as it is well seene by some that sometimes come abroad with certaine garments no further then the nauell without any other thing and others onely with a cap on their heads and leaue the other garments at home the women make great accompt of Laces and Combes These Indians doe vse certaine Cottages or houses of timber couered with Palme tree leaues and are in length some of two hundred and three hundred spans and they haue two or three doores verie little and low They shew their valour in seeking timber and verie great posts and of great continnance and there be houses that haue fiftie sixtie or seuentie roomes of twentie or fiue and twentie quarters long and as manie quarters long and as many in breadth In this house dwelleth one principall man or more whom all the rest doe obey and ordinarily they are kinfmen In euery roome of these dwelleth a houshold with their children and family without any repartition betweene the one and the other and to enter in one of these houses is to enter into a laberinth for euery roome hath his fire and their nets hanging and their â—stuffe so that comming in all that they haue is in sight and some house hath two hundred persons and more The women when they are brought to bed they are deliuered on the ground doe not take vp the childe but the Father taketh it vp or some other person whom they take for their Gossip and in friendship they are as the Gossips among the Christians The Father doth cut the Nauell string with his teeth or with two stones knocking the one with the other and then they set themselues to fasting vntill the Nauell string falleth off which is ordinarily to the eight day and till it doth fall they leaue not their fasting when it falleth if it bee a man childe he maketh it a Bow with Arrowes and tieth it at the end of the Net and at the other end manie handfuls of hearbes which are the enemies which his sonne shall kill and eate These ceremonies being ended they make drinkings where with they all are merrie The women when they are deliuered doe presently goe and wash themselues in the Riuers and they giue the childe sucke ordinarily a yeere and an halfe not giuing it any other thing to eate They loue their children extraordinarily and beare them in certaine pieces of Nets which they call Tupiya
or lesser but as blacke that they left a staine where their liquour was spilled Those Grapes I say lying ouer bushes and brambles that growe in the same Iland where the trees are not so thicke as in other where but are sixe or seuen rods distant assunder which causeth the Grapes to be ripe the sooner hauing besides a ground very fit for the same grauelly and sandy They tarried there but two houres but they noted that there were no Vines on the North side euen as in the I le Saint Croix are no Cedar trees but on the West side From this Iland they went to the Riuer of Olmechin a Port of Chauakoet where Marchin and the said Olmechin brought to Monsieur de Poutrincourt a prisoner of the Souriquois and therefore their enemy which they gaue vnto him freely Two houres after there arriued two Sauages the one an Eteshemin named Chkoâ—dun Captaine of the Riuer Saint Iohn called by the Sauages Oâ—goudi The other a Souriquois named Messamoet Captaine or Sagamos of the Riuer of the Port De la Heue where this prisoner was taken They had great store of Merchandises trucked with Frenchmen which they were comming to vtter that is to say great meane and small Kettles Hatchets Kniues Gownes short Clokes red Waste-coates Bisket and other things whereupon there arriued twelue or fifteene Boats full of Sauages of Olmechins subiection being in very good order all their faces painted according to their wonted custome when they will seeme faire hauing their Bow and Arrow in hand and the quiuer which they layed downe aboord At that houre Messamoet beganne his Oration before the Sauages shewing them how that in times past they often had friendship together and that they might easily ouercome their enemies if they would haue intelligence and serue themselues with the amitie of the Frenchmen whom they saw there present to knowe their Countrey to the end to bring commodities vnto them hereafter and to succour them with their forces which forces he knew and hee was the better able to make a demonstration thereof vnto them by so much that hee which spake had before time beene in France and dwelt there with Monsieur de Grandmont Gouernour of Bayonne Finally his speech continued almost an houre with much vehemency and affection with a gesture of body and armes as is requisite in a good Oratour And in the end he did cast all his merchandises which were worth aboue three hundred crownes brought into that Countrie into Olmechin his Boat as making him a present of that in assurance of the loue hee would witnesse vnto him That done the night hasted on and euery one retired himselfe But Messamoet was not pleased for that Olmechin made not the like Oration vnto him nor requited his present For the Sauages haue that noble qualitie that they giue liberally casting at the feet of him whom they will honour the Present that they giue him But it is in hope to receiue some reciprocall kindnesse which is a kinde of contract which wee call without name I giue thee to the end thou shouldest giue mee And that is done thorow all the world Therefore Messamoet from that day had in minde to make warre to Olmechin Notwithstanding the next day in the morning he and his people did returne with a Boate laden with that which they had to wit Corne Tabacco Beanes and Pumpions which they distributed here and there Those two Captaines Olmechin and Marchin haue since beene killed in the warres In whose stead was chosen by the Sauages one named Bessabes which since our returne hath beene killed by Englishmen and in stead of him they haue made a Captaine to come from within the Lands named Asticou a graue man valiant and redoubted which in the twinkling of an eye will gather vp a thousand Sauages together which thing Olmechin and Marchin might also doe For our Barkes being there presently the Sea was seene all couered ouer with their Boates laden with nimble and lusty men holding themselues vp straight in them which wee cannot doe without danger those Boates being nothing else but trees hollowed From thence Monsieur de Poutrincourt following on his course found a certaine Port very delightfull which had not beene seene by Monsieur de Monts And during the Voyage they saw store of smoke and people on the shoare which inuited vs to come aland And seeing that no account was made of it they followed the Barke along the sand yea most often they did outgoe her so swift are they hauing their Bowes in hand and their Quiuers vpon their backes alwaies singing and dancing not taking care with what they should liue by the way Monsieur de Poutrincourt hauing landed in this Port behold among a multitude of Sauages a good number of Fifes which did play with certaine long Pipes made as it were with Canes of Reedes painted ouer but not with such an harmonie as our Shepheards might doe And to shew the excellency of their arte they whisled with their noses in gambolling according to their fashion And as this people did runne headlong to come to the Barke there was a Sauage which hurt himselfe grieuously in the heele against the edge of a Rocke whereby hee was enforced to remayne in the place Monsieur de Poutrincourt his Chirurgion at that instant would apply to this hurt that which was of his Arte but they would noâ— permit it vntill they had first made their mouthes and mops about the wounded man They then layed him downe on the ground one of them holding his head on his lappe and made many bawlings and singings whereunto the wounded man answered but with a Ho with a complayning voice which hauing done they yeelded him to the cure of the said Chirurgion and went their way and the Patient also after hee had beene dressed but two houres after he came againe the most iocund in the world hauing put about his head the binding cloth wherewith his heele was wrapped for to seeme the more gallant The day following our people entred farther into the Port where being gone to see the Cabins of the Sauages an old woman of an hundred or sixscore yeeres of age came to cast at the feete of Monsieur de Poutrincourt a loafe of bread made with the Wheat called Mahis then very faire Hempe of a long growth Item Beanes and Grapes newly gathered because they had seene Frenchmen eate of them at Chauakoet Which the other Sauages seeing that knew it not they brought more of them than one would emulating one another and for recompence of this their kindnesse there was set on their foreheads a Fillet or Band of paper wet with spittle of which they were very proud It was shewed them in pressing the Grape into a Glasse that of that we did make the Wine which wee did drinke Wee would haue made them to eate of thâ— Grape but hauing taken
and straight of a comely proportion and of a colour browne when they are of any age but they are borne white Their haire is generally blacke but few haue any beards The men weare halfe their heads shauen the other halfe long for Barbers they vse their women who with two shels will grate away the haire of any fashion they please The women are cut in many fashions agreeable to their yeares but euer some part remaineth long They are very strong of an able body and full of agilitie able to endure to lye in the woods vnder a tree by the fire in the worst of winter or in the weedes and grasse in Ambuscado in the Summer They are inconstant in euery thing but what feare constraineth them to keepe Craftie timerous quicke of apprehension and very ingenious Some are of disposition fearefull some bold most cauteloâ—s all Sauage Generally couetous of Copper Beads and such like trash They are soone moued to anger and so malicious that they seldome forget an iniury they seldome steale one from another least their Coniurers should reueale it and so they be pursued and punished That they are thus feared iâ— certaine but that any can reueale their offences by coniuration I am doubtfull Their women are carefull not to be suspected of dishonesty without the leaue of their husbands Each houshold knoweth their owne lands and gardens and most liue of their owne labours For their apparell they are sometime couered with the skins of wilde Beasts which in winter are dressed with the haire but in summer without The better sort vse large mantels of Deare skins not much differing in fashion from the Irish Mantels some imbrodered with white Beades some with Copper other painted after their manner But the common sort haue scarce to couer their nakednesse but with grasse the leaues of trees or such like Wee haue seene some vse mantels made of Turkie-feathers so prettily wrought and wouen with threds that nothing could be discerned but the feathers That was exceeding warme and very handsome But the women are alwayes couered about their middles with a skin and very shamefac't to be seene bare They adorne themselues most with Copper Beads and paintings Their women some haue their legs hands brests and face cunningly imbrodered with diuers works as Beasts Serpents artificially wrought into their flesh with blacke spots In each eare commonly they haue three great holes whereat the hang Chaines Bracelets or Copper Some of their men weare in those holes a small greene and yellow coloured Snake neere halfe a yard in length which crawling and lapping her selfe about his necke oftentimes familiarly would kisse his lips Others weare a dead Rat tied by the taile Some on their heads weare the wing of a bird or some large feather with a Rattell Those Rattels are somewhat like the chape of a Rapier but lesse which they take from the taile of a Snake Many haue the whole skin of a Hawke or some strange fowle stuffed with the wings abroad Others a broad peece of Copper and some the hand of their enemy dried Their head and shoulders are painted red with the roote Pocone braied to powder mixed with Oyle this they hold in summer to preserue them from the heate and in winter from the cold Many other formes of paintings they vse but he is the most gallant that is the most monstrous to behold Their Buildings and habitations are for the most part by the Riuers or not farre distant from some fresh Spring Their Houses are built like our Arbors of small yong sprigs bowed and tied and so close couered with mats or the barks of trees very hand somely that notwithstanding either winde raine or weather they are so warme as stoues but very smoakie yet at the top of the house there is a hole made for the smoake to goe into right ouer the fire Against the fire they lye on little hurdles of Reedes couered with a mat borne from the ground a foote and more by a Hurdle of wood On these round about the house they lye heads and points one by thother against the fire some couered with Mats some with Skins and some starke naked lye on the ground from six to twenty in a house Their Houses are in the midst of their Fields or Gardens which are small plots of grounds some twenty some forty some a hundred some two hundred some more some lesse sometimes from two to a hundred of those houses together or but a little seperated by groues of trees Neare their habitations is little small wood or old trees on the ground by reason of their burning of them for fire So that a man may gallop a horse amongst these woods any way but where the creekes or Riuers shall hinder Men Women and Children haue their seuerall names according to the seuerall humour of their Parents Their women they say are easily deliuered of child yet doe they loue children very dearely To make them hardy in the coldest mornings they wash them in the Riuers and by painting and ointments so tan their skins that after a yeare or two no weather will hurt them The men bestow their times in fishing hunting warres and such manlike exercises scorning to be seene in any womanlike exercise which is the cause that the women be very painfull and the men often idle The women and children doe the rest of the worke They make Mats Baskets Pots Morters pound their corne make their bread prepare their victuals plant their corne gather their corne beare all kinde of burdens and such like Their fire they kindle presently by chasing a dry pointed sticke in a hole of a little square peece of wood that firing it selfe will so fire mosse leaues or any such like dry thing that will quickly burne In March and Aprill they liue much vpon their fishing wares and feede on fish Turkies and Squirrels In May and Iune they plant their fields and liue most of Acornes Walnuts and fish But to mend their diet some disperse themselues in small companies and liue vpon fish Beasts Crabs Oysters land Tortoyses Strawberries Mulberries and such like In Iune Iuly and August they feede vpon the rootes of Tocknough Berries Fish and greene Wheate It is strange to see how their bodies alter with their diet euen as the Deere and wilde Beasts they seeme fat and leane strong and weake Powhatan their great King and some others that are prouident rost their fish and flesh vpon hurdles as before is expressed and keepe it till scarce times For fishing and hunting and warres they vse much their Bowe and Arrowes They bring their Bowes to the forme of ours by the scraping of a shell Their Arrowes are made some of straight yong sprigs which they head with bone some two or three inches long These they vse to shoote at Squirrels on trees Another sort of Arrowes they vse made of reedes these are peeced
many sorts of Rootes and diuers Land-beasts as Armadillos which afterward I found to be very good meate Of all these at the first I onely tooke one Fowle and a couple of fishes and bestowed the rest among their children which procured me no small good will among them Here I stared among them being well entertained for certaine moneths vâ—â—ill I had learned most part of their language in which meane space I noted their manners which were as followeth They went out to the warres armed at my first comming onely with Bowes and Arrowes some three or foure hundred at a time and when they had the victory of their enemies they tied one of their Captiues to one of their company with Cotten cords fast arme to arme and bringing them home within two or three daies after they would tie them to a poast and with a madie club of red wood one of the strongest of the company after they haue drunke a certaine strong drinke with dancing round about him at one blow slits his head a sunder this drinke is made by their women of a certaine roote called I. P. which first they seeth and afterward chew in their mouthes and then spit it out againe into a long trough and mingle it with water and there let it worke two or three daies and gatâ—â—â— yeest vpon it like to our Ale which done they take the liquor and put it into broad mouth Iarres of earth and of this both their men and women doe drinke at their feasts till they be as drunke as Apes I could obserue no Religion amongst them but onely that they reuerence and worshippe the Moone especially the new Moone whereat they doe reioyce in leaping dancing and clapping their hands The Merchantable commodities of this Countrie are Brasill-wood Tobacco red Pepper and Cotten Wooll They haue also great store of Apes Monkies Armadillos Hogges without tailes as bigge as ours their Birds are Parrats Parraketos blacke Fowles as bigge as Doues and Ostriches as high as a man After I had liued about halfe a yeare among stithem and learned their language the King requested me to goe to the warres with him against his enemies the Tapwâ—es which I granted but before we set out I shewed them a way for making of certaine Targets of the barke of a Tree some three quarters of a yard long for defence against Arrowes whereof we made some hundred and withall I wished them to make some two hundred of Clubs Which being done we marched forward some 700. in number which by mine aduice were all marked with a red kinde of Balsome from the knee downeward vpon one legge to be known from our enemies by the way it is to be noted that there are three sorts of Balsamum in that Countrie to wit White Red and Blacke very odoriferous and excellent good for a greene wound and the White I esteeme to be best In three dayes march we came to another Towne built foure square as before I haue declared but much lesser we set vpon the Towne about foure of the clocke in the morning the enemy standing vpon defence of their Arrowes were much deceiued by reason of our Targets which being seconded by our Clubbes wee immediately knocked downe to the number of two hundred the rest except some twenty prisoners escaped into the woods Here the King staied one day and caused many of thir carkases to be broyled vpon the coales and eaten The chiefest riches which we found here was their drinke which they vsed to make themselues drunke withall their Cotten Beddes and their Tobacco As for Gold and Siluer they neither seeke nor make any accompt thereof This is to be noted that how many men these Sauages doe kill so many holes they will haue in their visage beginning first in their nether lippe then in their cheekes thirdly in both their eye-browes and lastly in their eares Those twenty prisoners which we brought home were afterward killed rosted and eaten While I remayned here amongst these people certayn Portugals accompanied with certayn Negrâ—s and Brasilians came within some ten leagues of our town to see whether they could surprise any of our Sauages and to harken what was become of me for that they had heard by this time that some of Sir Francis Drakes company were east ashoare amongst the Sauage people but there comming was not so secret but that two of the Portugals and certayne Negros were taken and after their confession of the intent of their comming thither they were brained with clubs broyled and eaten These things thus passing I became sutor to the King to giue mee leaue to depart his Countrey and to goe to some Riuer of Brasill not planted by the Portugals to see if I could spy out any English or French ship to passe me into my Countrey which hee in the end fauourably granted and sent foure of his people with me to furnish me with victuals which they did very plentifully of Birds Fish and Roots for the space of nine or ten weeks all which time they did accompany me and I desiring to goe toward the Line they brought me into the towne of Bahia Detodos los Sanctes But about foure or fiue miles before we came to the towne I yeelded my selfe to a Portugall called Michael Ionas declaring vnto him that I was an Englishman and enquired whether there were any Englishmen dwelling in the towne hee told me that there was one Antonio de Paua in the towne which could speake good English and was a louer of our Nation and brought mee directly vnto his house This Antonio de Paua pittying my case and aduising mee not to bee knowne that I vnderstood the Portugall Tongue brought mee to the Gouernour whose name was Diego Uas this Gouernour told me by Antonio de Paua which became my Interpreter that seeing I was found in the Inland of their Countrey Westward being a stranger contrary to their Lawes he could doe no lesse then commit me to Prison and send me into Portugall to be committed to the Gallies for tearme of life to this I answered by the aduice of my good friend Autouio de Paua that I came not willingly into those Dominions but beeing by casualtie once come there I was not taken Prisoner but sought them out and came and yeelded my selfe into their hands laying downe my weapons at one of his Nations feet Neuerthelesse he sent me to Prison whereby the meanes of Antonio de Paua and other of his friends I was sufficiently relieued and within one fortnight after brought againe publikely to the barre in the Towne-house to mine answere There I answered the second time by Autouio de Paua my Interpreter that I thought it sufficient that when I might haue kept our yet of mine owne free will I had made a long journey with great hazard of my life through the Countries of Sauages being Man-eaters which fauoured me
short Bill but I striuing cryed out in Portugall That if they would saue mee I would tell them newes with that a Portugall passed by an I caught hold of him so well as I could I told him a Tale which saued my life at that time this Portugall gaue me againe to a Sauage I cryed to him that I would go whersoeuer he went then he bid me not fear for that Sauage was his slaue and that he would carrie me to the Captayn so I was content perforce to goe I knew not whether this Caniball carried me along the ashore and when wee came where any Rockes reached into the Sea hee would take mee on his backe and swimme with mee round about the Rockes till wee were free from the Rockes thus we went almost all night til at length we came by a great Cliffe that stood by the shore Then the Sauage whistled and another Sauage answered him from the Cliffe wherupon fiue or six Portugals came forth and amongst them came the Captaine with a piece of bread and Marmallet in his hand and as soone as he saw me he asked me what newes I answered that I was very hungry and desired him that hee would giue mee some meate and then I would tell him all the newes that I could with that all the Portugals brake out in a laughter and gaue me bread and fish to eate after I had eaten that which they had giuen me I told them the truth of all that they asked me heere they killed eight and twentie of our men and saued only my selfe and Henrie Barrawell who was saued by my meanes §. II. ANTHONY KNIVET his comming to the R of Ianero and vsage amongst the Portugals and Indians his diuers trauels thorow diuers Regions of thâ—se parts THe next day our ship weighed Anchor and whether shee went I knew not wee were carried by the Portugals to the Riuer of Ianero I went with a Mestizo which is halfe a Portugall and halfe a Sauage that saued my life in the night wâ—en I was taken When we came to the Citie of San Sebastian in the Riuer of Ianero the Portugals in the Canoas made such a noyse with Pipes and Drummes that all the people of the Citie came to shoare to see vs with that the Canoas going round as if they were in fight two Portugals tooke mee and cast me towards the shoare saying here is our prize the tyde being strong carried mee to the mayne where I had beene drowned had it not beene for a woman who seeing the tyde carry me away sent two or three slaues and they saued mee When I came ashoare all the Portugals were at the Church of our Lady and I would haue gone into the Church but the Portugals would not let me saying that I was not a Christian. Then I was brought before the Gouernour and he gaue me to the man that had saued mee and I was very well contented for hee vsed mee very kindly as I came with him from the Iland of San Sebastian For the space of three moneths that I was with this man I kept a house and went to the Sea-side with his Hogs and there I euery day brought him home a basket of great Crabs that lie in the holes of the mud as deepe as you can thrust in your arme This wâ—s a good life my Master called me sonne and I dined and supped with him also I had a hanging Net to lie in and lay in the same roome which hee lay in It happened one day being by the Sea-side washing of little Dogs there came a Canoa full of Portugals and they tooke me to the Towne with them but as soone as I landed I remembred my Masters house and ran to it As I went I met with Henrie Barway the next day the Gouernour sent for mee and examined me what I was I told him that I was a poore ship boy with that Henrie Barway reproued me asking what I meant to say so to the Gouernour I replyed that I was no other but what I had told him then the Gouernour commanded mee to bee carried to the Sugar mill where I was three moneths till all the clothes that I had were torne in peeces with working in a Barke going day and night vp and downe for Sugar canes and wood for the Mill the miserable life that I was in made me carelesse what I did I had neither meat nor clothes but blowes as many as Gally slaues Then I determined to run away into the Wildernesse for I was ashamed to be seene naked of the Portugals I made me a Cottage in a great Caue in the Wildernesse where I was seuen moneths In the day I fished for to liue and in the night I came to some Indians houses and for fish they gaue me Cassauie meale and many kindes of Rootes that serued me for bread In the end the Gouernour caused me to be sought out and gaue mee a sute of blue clothes and commanded me to worke in a Garden where I carried earth and digged the ground to plant Cabidges and Turneps After that I was commanded againe to take charge of the Sugar boat where I was worse vsed then euer I was before for the Factor was a man that hated English men and would vse me more like a Dogge then a Man When I had continued foure moneths in the Barke it happened that one of the Gouernours sonnes called Martin de Saa came from Spirito Santo This man pittying my poore and miserable life desired his father that he would giue mee vnto him which his father granted and I was very well vsed of my new Master two yeeres after I had serued him It happened that hee and his Mother in law fell out whereupon the Gouernour his father sent him to a Towne called Wyanasses which were in peace with the Portugals and for Kniues and Hatchets they sell their Wiues and Children This iourney I went with him and we came to a Towne called Iawarapipo that is to say Is this the Dogge He seeing me forward to doe him seruice sent me from this Towne with eight of his slaues laden with Hatchets and Kniues to another kinde of Canibals called Pories which had beene likewise friends with the Portugals but it was long before any Portugall had beene there I came to the Towne of Pories where I was saluted in this sort As soone as I came into a great house which I thought was their Kings which they call Morouichaua presently they had hanged vp a faire Net betweene two postes in the which I was commanded to sit downe and as soone as I was set there came at the least twentie women and some laying their heads on my shoulders and others on my knees they began to crie out making such a pitious noise that I was amazed yet I determined to sit still till they had done As soone as the women were gone an old man came
last we came to a Riuer that passed vnder it here we determined to make some shift to get through some of our company said that they thought it best to goe still along by the foote of the Mountaine rather then to venture to goe through for they said if this water goe not through we are all cast away for it is impossible to returne againe against this current Then I answered friends we may as well aduenture our liues now as we haue done heretofore in many places if not we must make accompt to liue here like wilde Beasts where we shall haue life as long as pleaseth God without credit name or Religion wherefore I thinke that our best way is to goe through if we can for no doubt but God that hath hitherto deliuered vs from dangers infinite at this time will not forsake vs and questionlesse if it be our fortunes to passe on the other side we shall finde either Spaniards or Indiaâ—â— for I am sure that each of you haue heard that on a faire day it is to be discerned from the top of Potasin to this Mountaine After I had thus spoken the Portugals determined to venture to goe through we made a great thing of great Canes three yards and a halfe broad and six yards long that we might lye downe and sleepe vpon it we killed good store of Tamandroes and rosted them very dry for our prouision for we knew not how long we should be in the vaute After we had made all ready taking good store of wood with vs commending our selues to God we put our selues into the vaut which made such a noise with the running of the water that we thought it had beene some inchantment We went in on munday morning and we came out on a morning whether we were two dayes or one in the vault I know not As soone as we perceiued light we were very glad but when we came out we saw on euery side houses then we tooke counsell what was the best for vs to doe to hide ourselues and see if we could passe the Townes in the night or to goe and submit ourselues to the Indians we all agreed that the best was to goe to them then I said well friends sithence we haue agreed let vs fully determine here what we shall doe and say for questionlesse they will examine vs what we are and from whence we came then the Portugals said we will tell them that we are Portugals then I answered I will tell them that I am a French man We went towards their houses who as soone as they had perceiued vs came out hooping and hollowing with their Bowes and Arrows and when they came vnto vs they bound our hands and tied cords about our middles and so led vs to their houses presently there came two or three old men and asked what we were then the Portugals answered that they were Portugals and I that I was a French man Within two houres after they had examined vs they tooke one of the Portugals and tied a new roape about his middle and carried him into a yard with three Indians holding a cord on the one side and three on the other side and the Portugall in the middest there came an old man and bid him looke on all things that he liked and told him that he should bid them farewell for hee should see them no more then there came a lustie yong man with his armes and face died red and said vnto him doest thou see me I am he that hath killed many of thy Nation and will kill thee After he had spake all this he came behinde the Portugall and strooke him on the nape of the necke that he felled him to the ground and after hee was downe gaue him another that hee killed him then they tooke the tooth of a Conie and opened all the vpper skinne so they tooke him by the head and the feete and held him in the flame of the fire after that rubbing him with their hands all the vpper skin came of and the flesh remained white then they cut off his head and gaue it to him they tooke the guts and gaue them to the women after which they iointed him ioint by ioint first hands then elbowes and so all the body After which they sent to euery house a peece then they fell a dancing and all the women made great store of Wine the next day they boiled euery ioint in a great pot of water because their wiues and children might eate of the broth for the space of three dayes they did nothing but dance and drinke day and night after that they killed another in the same manner as you haue heard and so serued all but my selfe When I saw all the Portugals dead I looked for the same but after the Indians had done with the Feasts they came vnto me and said Feare not for your ancestors haue beene our friends and we theirs but the Portugals are our enemies and make vs slanes wherefore we haue done with them as you haue seene After I had heard what they said I told them I had no reason to feare for I knew they were my friends and not mine enemies and that I had bin a long time prisoner to the Portugals When I had bin two moneths with these Indians called the Tamoyes they went to warre against Tomominos and comming to fight we had almost lost the field for the Tamominos were a great many more so that we were faine to take the Mountaine when I saw the rusticall manner of their fight that without any order they would set vpon their enemies like Buls I taught them how to set themselues in Battaile and to lye in ambush and how to retire and draw their enemies into a snare by this meanes we had alwayes the vpper hand of our enemies and I was held in great accompt amongst them for they would neuer goe to the field except I went with them in a short time we gaue so many battailes to the Tomominos that we made them leaue their Countrey and flye further from vs so wee liued in peace The Tamoyes offered mee many wiues but I refused saying it was not our custome to take wines out of our Countrey After wee had conquered the Tomominos wee liued in peace for the space of foure moneths and then there came another kinde of Canibals called Topinaques These made their Towne very neere vs at a Mountaine called by the Indians Tamiuua that is the Mountaine of Gold When we heard of them we prepared to make warre against them wee went fiue thousand strong in fiue dayes iourney we came before the Towne but we being espied they left their Towne and fled we followed them tenne daies taking many old men and women which as we tooke them we killed we followed them till we came to a great Riuer side where we durst not passe for feare lest the enemy
Crocodile hath great scales and long clawes very vgly to be seene The Portugals when they know where any of these great ones are doe fish for them with a câ—aine and a great Iron hooke and for bait they tie a Cock or a Hen to the hooke they take this paines to take him because his Cods are very great and better then any muske At this place the Mountaines are so full of Crab-lice that wee knew not what to doe they would stick in our skins that we could not get them off but were faine to take drie straw and singe our selues as you would singe Hogs and so rid our selues of them Here also wee had great store of wilde Hogs and a kinde of wilde Fowle as bigge as Turkies called Mutas Abausanga is the name of a valiant Caniball that is adioyning hard by the Wataquazes these Canibals are a kinde of the Tamoyes Some twentie yeeres agone there was a Gouernour among them called Mendesaa in the Riuer of Ianuarie who made warre against the Tamoyes and in the end ouer run all their Countrie or Prouince onely this Abausanga remayned hidden in Dungeons and grâ—at Holes with some fortie or fiftie of his Couâ—trimen It was our chance going to warre with the Wataquazes to come through this Towne and there we had newes by Abausangas people that he was at warre against the Wataquazes whereupon we made Spies to see if we could take him before that we would set vpon the Wataquazes One euening we heard a great noise of Canibals then the Captaine sending out some Spies my selfe being one wee saw that it was Abausanga and his companie that had taken fiue Wataquazes and with great stirre were killing of them to eate Assoone as we had espyed all that we could wee returned againe to the Captaine and told him what we had seene and that night cirâ—led Abausanga and tooke him priâ—oner with sixtie young men of his companie wee asked of him our best course to warre against the Wataquazes he told vs that he was rather to take our aduice then we to aske his that he vsed no policie but to fight in open field and if we would we should see how he made warre agâ—iâ—st his enemies the nexâ— day we being hard by the Inhabitants of the Wataquazes Abausanga came forth and ioyned all his companie together with leaue of our Captaine and assoone as they were all readie vvith their bowes and arrowes hee ran into the thickest of his enemies with all his companie where eighteene of his companie were presently killed and most of them sore hurt he himselfe being shot in one and twentie parts In our sight he killed three Wataquazes before hee fell the Portugals kept still by the woods side and with their peeces killed one hundred and thirtie Wataquazes the wilde people were so amazed when they heard our peeces goe off that they thought the Deuill had beene amongst them and euery one began to flie as fast as he could the Portugals following them found Abausanga in the field hurt as you haue heard This Abausanga assoone as he perceiued the Portugals to stand amazed at him desired them to tell him somewhat of God for he said that Frenchmen had told him that there was a God and that he which beleeued in him should be saued The Portugals telling him of their faith hee said that hee beleeued in that God and desired to bee baptised and had his name giuen him Iohn For the space of two houres that this Indian liued hee did nothing but call vpon God and so ended his life being one hundred and twentie yeeres of age as he shewed vs by signes The Wayanasses inhabite eighteene leagues Southward of the Riuer of Ianuarie at a place called by the Portugals Ilha Grande that is to say The great Iland These Canibals are of low stature great bellies and broad feet very Cowards of a reasonable good complexion They doe not carue their bodies neitheâ—r doe they glorie so much to eate mans flesh as the Tamoyes the Tomymenos and other Canibals doe The Women are bigge in the body and very vgly but they haue very good faces The Women of this Countrie doe paint their bodies and faces with a thing called in their language Urucu it groweth in a round Cod like a beane and that maketh a red inke like Oker which maketh them seeme most vgly The haire both of men and women groweth long by the sides and on the crowne all shauen like Franciscan Friars These Canibals lye in Nets made of barkes of trees and likewise when they trauell through the Wildernesse such prouision as they haue they carrie in little Nets at their backs they are neuer without Tabacco they esteeme it more then any thing that they haue in their Countrie and with it do heale their wounds when they are hurt When the Portugals doe stand in need of slaues they doe come to Ilha Grande and there they shall be sure to meet with some of the Wayanasses a fishing then they shew them Kniues Beades and Glasses telling them what they would haue for merchandise and presently they will goe to a place called in their language Iawarapipo which is their chiefest Towne and from thence bring all such as they meane to sell to the Sea side and as good cheape as you can you may buy of them The Topinaques inhabite at Saint Vincents they are men of good stature and of reasonable good complexion their women are all painted with diuers colouâ—s and on their heads they weare a thin barke of a tree like a Ribband the Canibals eate mans flesh as other Canibals doe they adore no Idoll neither haue they any kinde of Religion onely when they kill any man they all paint their bodies with a kinde of fruit called Ianipauo and all their heads are set with feathers and great stones in their vnder-lips with Rattles in their hands and thus they will dance for three dayes together I was amased to see how they would drinke a filthy drinke without breaking of their bellies and asked them how they were able to stand so long and drinke so much of that filthy drinke they answered me that Tabacco did make them as fresh as if they had done nothing Among these Canibals there is great store of gold in many Hills hard by the Sea side and now the Portugals haue some of those places I would wee had the rest Here I end to discourse any farther of the Canibals that dwell by the Sea side till I haue told you of such Nations as I met withall when I went through the Countrie and how I came againe to the Sea I haue told you in the first booke of my trauell how that fiue or sixe yeeres after I had beene taken by the Portugals I went to warre against the Canibals with the Portugals Now by the grace of God as neere as I can I haue told you of all the Nations that I
companions were killed and eaten onely my selfe remayned among these Canibals a yeere and eleuen moneths in the which time I went many times to warre against other Prouinces that were ioyning vpon the Countrie of Tamoyes and I thanke God prospered so well that I was very much esteemed of them and had a great commâ—nd ouer them when they went to the field These Tamoyes be as proper men as any bee in all Europe they vse to make holes in their vpper-lips like the Petewares most of them are of a very faire complexion The men haue their heads alwayes set with feathers of diuers colours which sheweth very pretily they goe starke naked The women are as proper as any Nation can be tall comly well legd cleane made of body very small in the waste very faire of complexion fine handed and very comly faces They vse a kinde of caruing ouer their breasts which becommeth them very well Here the Canibals esteeme not any more of gold or precious stones then wee doe of any stones in the streets if the Spaniards had knowne of this Countrie they needed not to haue gone to Peru there is not like vnto this for all kinde of rich metals and many kinde of precious stones In this place I liued eighteene moneths and went naked as the Canibals did After I had liued with these Canibals the time that you haue heard I was in great fauour and credit with them insomuch that they would not doe any thing before they had made me acquainted withall I haue told them many times of the comming and going of our English ships to the Straits of Magellan and how well we did vse all kinde of Nations and what kinde of all things necessarie wee had for their vse These wordes made the Canibals desire to come to the Sea coast and asked of mee how it were possible for them to come to dwell by the Sea without being slaues to the Portugals I told them that I knew many places where English men and French men did vse to come but that neither Portugall nor Spaniard was neuer there After I had told them what I thought best we all agreed to come through the Prouince of Tocoman and so to the Sea betweene the Riuer of Plate and Saint Vincents This Countrie of Tocoman is all sandie and in it inhabite the Pigmeys I haue seene many of them amongst the Spaniards at the Riuer of Plate They are not altogether so little as wee speake of them here in England their inhabitation in Tocoman is in Caues of the ground In this Countrie the Inhabitants in many places haue such Wheat as we finde in England and Cassaui meale This Tocoman is iudged by the Spaniard to be the end of Brasill and the entring into Peru for in Tocoma there are all kinde of Brasila Rootes and all kinde of Corne aswell as Peru this Countrie yeeldeth nothing to the Spaniards but wilde Horses and the Indians of Tocoman are mortall enemies to all the Inhabitants of Peru therefore the Spaniards doe keepe this Countrie because they keepe the Prouinces of Peru in feare or else they would rise vp against the Spaniards After we had passed this Countrie we came to a Riuer that runneth from Tocoman to Chile where we tarried foure daies making Canoas to passe the Râ—uer for there were so manie Crocodiles that we durst not passe it for feare of them after we had passed this Riuer we came to the Mountaine Detodas Metalas that is of all Mettals At this plâ—ce diuers Spaniards and Portugals haue beene and certain lawlesse men were set on shoare on this coast by one Pedro dâ— Charamento which came to this place and set vp a great Crosse and on it writ that the Countrie was the King of Spaines the which I put out and wâ—â—t that it was the Queene of Englands This hill is of diuers kinde of Mettals Copper and Iron some Gold and great store of Quicke-siluer It is verie high and all bare wit out any Trees Here likewise was a little Church made where we found two Images one of our Lady and another of Christ crucified When the Tamoyes saw those signes they thought that I had betraied them and indeede I was amazed thinking that we had beene in some part of the Riuer of Plate and because the Indians should not be discouraged I shewed my selfe to be very glad and told them that I knew those were signes thaâ— my Countrie men vsed to make when they came into strange Countries with these perswasions I made the Tamoyes to come on their iourney to the Sea where otherwise if I had told them it had bâ—n set vp by the Spaniards the feare that the poore Canibals stood in of them had bin enough to haue made them all returne againe from whence they came At the last we came to the Sea as I haue told you to the Towne of the Cariyohs this Towne standeth in a fine pleasant place hard by the coast in a faire Bay where one hundred Ships may anker without any danger And in this place you shall alwaies haue great store of fish In this Countrie for a Knife or a â—â—sh hooke you may buy a dozen of skinnes of very good Furre and if you will these Indians will goe for any trâ—fle and fetch two or three baskets of Mettals and some haue had such good lucke that for two or three Glasses and a Combe or two with some Kniues they haue got the value of foure or fiue thousand Crownes in Gold and Stones The Towne stood vpon a hill but we puld it down But when we were taken by the Portugals and that the Cariyohs were restored againe to their Countrie they did scituate againe with in the same place where they were when we draue them out of their Countrie Here the Portugals did binde mee and would haue hanged mee for the twelue Portugals that the Canibals had killed and eaten The Caryiâ—hs are men of good stature and very valiant they make holes in their vnder lippe as the other Canibals doe These Canibals likewise eate mans flesh and speake the same language that the Tamoyes doe the women are very comely the most of them are oâ— a faire complexion they weare their haire loose about their eares and all their bodies are died with blacke and their faces withered and yellow their brests are all carued with diuers colours which be seemeth verie well Here is the end of my trauell through America with the Canibals from whence I returned againe to my Master Saluador Corea de Sasa where I was worse then euer I was before The Giants of Port Desire and inhabitants of Port Famine also Angola Congo and Massangana and Angica Countries of Africa AT Port Desire which is the next hauen to the straits of Magelan inhabited Giants of fifteene or sixteene spans of height I affirme that at Port Desire I saw the footing of them by the shoare side that was aboue
bigger then their middle others brake in the sides with a draught of water O if you did know the intollerable heate of the Countrie you would thinke your selfe better a thousand times dead then to liue there a weeke There you shall see poore Souldiers lie in troupes gaping like Camelians for a puffe of winde Here liued I three moneths not as the Portugals did taking of Physicke and euerie weeke letting of bloud and keeping close in their houses when they had any raine obseruing houres and times to goe abroad morning and Euening and neuer to to eate but at such and such times I was glad when I had got any thing at morning noone or night I thanke God I did worke all day from morning till night had it beene raine or neuer so great heate I had alwaies my health as well as I haue in England This Countrie is verie rich the King had great store of Gold sent him from this place the time that I was there the King of Angica had a great Citie at Masangana which Citie Paulas Dias gouernour of Angola tooke and scituated there and finding hard by it great store of Gold fortified it with foure Forts and walled a great circuit of ground round about it and within that wall now the Portugals doe build a Citie and from this Citie euerie day they doe warre against the King of Angica and haue burnt a great part of his Kingdome The Angicaâ— are men of goodly stature they file their teeth before on their vpper Iawe and on their vnder Iawe making a distance betweene them like the teeth of a Dogge they doe eate mans flesh they are the stubbornest Nation that liues vnder the Sunne and the resolutest in the field that euer man saw for they will rather kill themselues then yeelde to the Portugals they inhabit right vnder the line and of all kinde of Moores these are the blackest they doe liue in the Law of the Turkes and honour Mahomet they keepe manie Concubines as the Turkes doe they wash themselues euerie morning vpwards falling flat on their faces towards the East They weare their haire all made in plaits on their heads as well men as women they haue good store of Wheate and a kinde of graine like Fetches of the which they make Bread they haue great store of Hennes like Partridges and Turkies and all their feathers curle on their backes their houses are like the other houses of the Kingdomes aforenamed And thus I end shewing you as briefe as I can all the Nations and Kingdomes that with great danger of my life I trauelled through in twelue yeares of my best age getting no more then my trauell for my paine From this Kingdome Angica was I brought in Irons againe to my Master Saluador Corea de sa sa to the Citie of Saint Sebastian in Brasil as you haue heard Now you haue seene the discourse of my trauels and the fashions of all the Countries and Nations where I haue beene I will by the helpe of God make you a short discourse in the language of the Petiwares which language all the Inhabitants of Brasil doe vnderstand especially all the coast from Fernambucquo to the Riuer of Plate the which I hope will be profitable to all trauellers and of them I trust my paines shall be well accepted of First you must tell them of what Nation you are and that you come not as the Portugals doe for their wiues and children to make them bondslaues We are Englishmen as you all know that in times past had peace with you Now knowing the neede and want that you haue of all such things as before your Fathers had for the loue that both your ancestours and ours did beare one to another and for the loue and pittie that we haue of your want we are come to renew our ancieÌ„t amity Ore aqureiuua que se neering peramoya werisco Catadoro wareuy orenysbe beresoy Coeu pecoteue Cowauere pipope pewseua baresey opacatu baye berua oweryco coen pecoteue sou se-Core mandoare peramoya waysouba ore ranoya waysonua reseij eteguena rescij pecoteue pararaua oro in ibewith ore ramoya pereri socatumoyn go pacum §. V. The description of diuers Riuers Ports Harbours Ilands of Brasil for instruction of Nauigators RIo Grande is called by vs the great Riuer lately was conquered by a Portugall called Manuell Masquarenhas It is aboue two leagues broad in the mouth and on the South-east side standeth a great Fort made by the foresaid Manuell Masquarenhas that Countrie is plaine and sandy in many places especially neere the Sea and yeeldeth Sugar Canes in abundance On the coast are many great Bayes where the Indians doe oftentimes finde great store of Ambergreese within this place there is also store of Wood Pepper Ginger and Waxe Here inhabit a kinde of Canibals called Petywares these Canibals haue had trafficke a long time with France and amongst them there are many that can speake French which are Bastards begotten of Frenchmen On the coast of Brasil there are three Riuers of Paraeyua one is this that lieth next to Rio Gande the other is a great Riuer that runneth through the Countrie almost as farre as Lymo and commeth out betweene Cape Frio and Spirito Sancto the third is a faire Riuer that lieth betweene the Riuer of Plate and Saint Vincents This Pareyua whereof we speake is a faire great Bay where shipping being neuer so great may enter within this Bay vpon a hill you shall see a faire Citie and on the Sea side standeth two small Forts You may anker neere the shoare at the entrie of this Bay you shall see three hils of red earth on either side of the harbour which the Portugals call Barer as Mermethâ—es Guyana is a small Riuer that lieth by Paracua it belongeth to Iasper Desiquerd who was chiefe Iustice of all Brasil In the mouth of this Riuer standeth a great rocke which is continually couered with Sea Foules This Riuer hath two fadome water in the mouth a quarter of a mile within this Riuer on the South-west side you may take fresh water and great store of Cattell vpon this Riuer there are great store of Sugar Mils and continually you shall haue in this Riuer small Caruels that fish and carry Sugar from thence to Fernambuquo likewise here is great store of Brasil Pepper Ginger and Cotten Cocos Indian Nuts here likewise inhabit Petywares Etamariqua in the Indian language is a bed it is a point of the land like a Cape the point runneth halfe a mile into the Sea and vpon it the Portugals haue built a Towne you may anker very neere the shoare both on the South-west and on the North-east side of the Towne in seuen and eight fadome water All the Countrie till you come to Cape Augustin is low land and to saile from thence to Fernambuquo is no danger but the clifts which lye along the coast as
found it nothing so Some bad fresh-water pearles I found there which were nothing round Orient nor very great I brought of them with me to the Spaniards and they said they were no Pearles but Topasses Camalaha is a place where they sell Women at certaine times in the manner of a Faire And there you shall buy colours such as the Saluages paint themselues with In this Faire which is called Camalaha which is to the South of Orenoco I bought eight young Women the eldest whereof I thinke neuer saw eighteene yeeres for one red-hafted knife which in England cost mee one halfe-peny I gaue these Women away to certaine Saluages which were my friends at the request of Warituc the Kings Daughter of Murrequito Tar or Taroo is an Iland which is to the South South-west of Orenoco To which place I went because they said there was neuer any that inhabited in this Iland but that it was in the manner of a bayting place for the Caribes when they had stollen people which they meant to eate One Captaine Caramatoij was my guide to this place whither we went somewhat strong with intent if wee could finde any Caribes on this Iland to kill them but wee found none Many houses wee found there couered with straw which wee set on fire And there I found close by the water side going about the Iland which was but small many stones of diuers colours To the West of this Riuer and Iland which is called Tar or Taroo is a Riuer which is called Habuc There are about this Riuer in most places eight ten seuenteene and thirtie fathomes water This Riuer of Habuc commeth from the Sea The entrance of this Riuer at the mouth is barred but at a full Sea you shall haue fourteene and fifteene foot water but in the Channell in which the Canoas enter which is but narrow there is more then sixe fathoms but I doubt that ships cannot enter there This Riuer Habuc is the best and surest harbour that I could finde for our ships and freest from the danger of the enemie and is not full eight dayes iourney from Orenoco The Riuer Europa lyeth to the East of Orenoco as you come from Trinidad you may as I certainly know going some twentie leagues in the Riuer of great Amana discouer the great and high Mountaine which is called Oecopa being there you shall plainly see the Playnes or Downes of Samia through which Playnes you may safely march ouer the Land within ten or twelue leagues of Cumana or to the Caracas From Orenoco also it is very easie to goe to the Towne of Santo Domingo which beareth North North-west directly but you must passe of force the Riuer Amapaia leauing the Iland called Amazones South and beare your course as neere as you can North-west or North North-west By this course you shall passe and escape the force and danger of the Towne and land some sixe dayes iourney from Santo Domingo The Riuer Wiaumli is to the North of Orenoco To goe into this Riuer which is little worth you may goe in the Land till you come to another small Riuer which is called Maccah directing your course South you shall within two dayes if your Canoa bee good enter the Riuer of Wiaumli The Land taketh the name of the Riuer The Gouernours name is Woripur Worrok Halaha Carrabouca is in the firme Land of the great Iland called Murrequito it is the common trade to goe to the rich Guiana or Manoa Drano is a faire Riuer but it is dangerous to goe farre in it by reason it lyeth due South-east from Orenoco and the Southermost part of the Moores of Anebas is very low so that the tanie waters issue in great abundance into this Riuer of Drano The danger for entring this Riuer is nothing but the doubt is onely of the bad water and most terrible dewes which fall from the Moores which are vnhealthfull and kill the Indians daily for that continually when they trauell they lie in the open aire The Eastermost part of Dorado is called Emeria There is a small Riuer which lyeth farre East in Emeria and beareth North North-west Through this Riuer called Capurisol is a sure a perfect and most safe way to goe to Peru but the iourney will aske eight or ten weekes to finish it Through these Riuers of force wee must passe with Canoas or Ship-boats or such like for there is alway very little water The Riuer of Capurisol lyeth in eight degrees and two terces to the North of the Equinoctiall Line But the North starre keepeth his degree and altitude 11. degrees and two terces In this Riuer is still a fine small brise of winde which lightly bloweth at West but at noone you shall hardly finde any winde CHAP. XII Captaine CHARLES LEIGH his voyage to Guiana and plantation there THe one and twentieth of March 1604. Captaine Charles Leigh in the Oliue Plant a proper Barke of some fiftie Tunnes accompanied with six and fortie men and boyes departed from Wolwich with intention to discouer and inhabit some part of the Countrie of Guiana where he had beene in a former voyage they stayed in the Downes vntill the eight and twentieth of the said moneth and passing thence they touched in the I le of Mogador on the coast of Barbarie in the moneth of Aprill where we stayed about some fiue dayes and watered on the mayne land in despite of the rebell Moores which would haue had money for our watering Thence with prosperous winde coasting the Iles of Cape Verde we passed ouer to the West Indies and vpon the tenth of May comming in change of water which shewed thicke and white by the next day we were in fresh water and the next day following about fiue in the morning wee saw two Ilands in the mouth of the Riuer of Amazones making account that we were fortie leagues vp the Riuer and came to an anchor in three fathoms vnder them which wee found low land couered with high Trees Then the Captaine with some eight of the best men of the ship went toward the shoare and finding many Indians comming toward them they returned aboard and found the ship almost aground but sounding the Bay brought their ship into the Channell which they found very narrow Within awhile after foure Indians in a small Canoa shewed themselues vnto vs to whom we sent our Boat with some of our commodities as Hatchets Kniues Glasses Beades they had nothing but Maiz and small blue-headed Parrots for which we gaue them some of our triffles Not long after another Canoa comming out our Boat clapt betweene them and the shoare to take some of them to learne the state of the Riuer by them but they freed themselues all saue one youth which was brought aboard which next day after escaped leaping into the Sea twelue leagues as we iudged from land Thus we tooke our leaue of the Riuer of Amazones
and hauing vncertaine shoaldings all the way in our way about ten a clocke in the night wee strooke vpon a sand before we could let fall our anchor where wee beat off a piece of our false keele before wee could get off Being gotten off wee came to an anchor in foure fathom and a halfe water and rode there vntill the next morning where wee descryed the land sixe leagues from vs with the entrance of a Riuer The two and twentieth of May wee arriued in the Riuer of Wiapogo in the latitude of three degrees and a halfe to the North of the Line where wee found the people readie to giue vs the best entertainment they could bringing vs Hony Pines Plantons Potatoes Cassaui whereof they make their bread and wine Fish of many sorts Hennes Conies Hogs and such like This day he tooke an oath of all his people to be true to him as long as he abode in the Countrie Then after diuers conferences with the chiefe Indians and namely with two of their Countrie which had beene before in England and could speake some English he found them very willing to haue him and his people abide in their Countrie who pretending want of many necessaries whereof indeed he stood in need and especially of victuals hee went vp the Riuer in his Boat with some fourteene men to take perfect view of a fit place to inhabit in and to sound the depth of the Riuer as they went At his returne he caused his ship to be brought vp hard vnto the falls of the Riuer but after they had stayed there one day finding sundrie inconueniences they came backe againe to their first road with a determination to plant and seate themselues vpon the first Mount or high ground at the entrance of the North side of the Riuer But the Iayos and Sapayos seeing him and his company come downe the Riuer againe entreated him earnestly to stay among them offering him their owne dwelling Houses and Gardens alreadie planted to their hands whereof he accepted to wit of two Houses and of as many Gardens as they thought conuenient to serue his turne with condition that he should ayde and defend them against their enemies the Caribes and others Hereupon they made a great Feast desiring our Captaine to bee at it and they demand of their generalitie of the staying of our men in the Countrey or no. Whereunto they gaue their free consent and desired him withall to send into England for men to teach them to pray This done the next day he brought all his furniture on shoare and bestowed it in the aforesaid houses And for the better assurance of the performance of the Saluages promise he demanded pledges of them to be sent into England whereunto they willingly condescended which where in number fiue whereof two were of good account Hee retayned thirtie fiue Englishmen and Boyes with him sending the rest home in Iune with the fiue Saluages which were plentifully furnished with their Country victuals with Letters to the right Worshipfull Sir Olaue Leigh his brother of his successe and desire to supply his wants which he most kindly twice supplied to his great charge within short time after The Caribes in eight warlike Canowes came to surprize them as farre as the Mount Comaribo whereof the Indians being aduertised by our fishers desired Captaine Leigh to aide them which he did with some foure and twentie of his men in eight Canowes But the battell being begun after they had heard the sound of our Trumpet and Musket they fled to Sea-ward our Canowes chasing them but the enemy being swifter escaped with casting of one of their Canowes which are able to carry twentie men and victuals for ten dayes which Canowe they brought home Within a sennight after our Captaines returne hee made a Voyage in an Indian Canowe hauing Indians to rowe him accompanied only with Thomas Richardson his Refiner of Metals and Iohn Burt his Chirurgion 90. miles by water vp the Riuer of Aracawa to a Nation called the Maurauuas where he traded for Tabacco and Cotton yarne and Cotton-wooll There he left his Chirurgian being sicke and with his Refiner and three Indians whereof one William was his Interpretour went vp to a Nation called Marraias the space of thirtie miles where they passed thorough a goodly Plaine foure miles broad of much stonie ground wherein they saw Deere At length meeting with the people they were kindly entertayned and fed with such as they had as dried Tygres flesh dried Hogges flesh and small fish Then after some discourse they enquired for Gold shewing a Ring An old man spake vnto him and pointed vp into the Countrey and the Captaine asking the Interpreter what he said he told him that he said there was no such that way The Captaine perceiuing the falshood of his Interpretor would goe no further and so returned home where he found vs for the most part sicke and the Indians not so kind vnto vs as they had promised which he much maruelled and grieued at Within three dayes after his returne his shipwright Richard Haward died before hee could make an end of his shallop And in September our Captaine himselfe began to droope partly of griefe to see the weake estate of his people and the ill performance of the Indians promises yet neuerthelesse he ceased not to take order for the Indians bringing in of victuals and such Merchandize as could be gotten as Waxe fine white long Feathers Flaxe Tabacco Parrots Monkeyes greene and blacke Cotton-yarne and Cotton-wooll sweet Gummes red Pepper Vrapo and Apriepo woods Spleene stones matiate stones Roots and Berries which we thought to be medicinable Anato a Berrie or Cod such as the Indians paint themselues red withall mingled with Oyle Vrapo which is the heauie wood whereof they make their Swords and Bowes Apriepo a wood that the Frenchmen and Hollanders fetch away a wood which they call Ayard which they kill fish withall The fishers beate this wood with another piece of wood till it shiuer into flakes which smelleth exceeding strong like Garlicke wherewith in sundry places of the creekes going in according to the depth of the water they beate it vp and downe often in the Riuer which the fish tasting are intoxicated and so distempered with all that they flote and tumble vpon the vpper part of the water and then with Bats and Poles they knocke them on the heads Their bread they make of Cassauia a white Roble commonly a span long and almost so thicke which the women grate in an earthen panne against certaine grates of stone and grate three or foure busshels in a day The iuyce thereof they crush out most carefully beeing ranke poyson raw in a hose of withe which they hang vp vpon an hooke and afterward with a weightie logge which they hang at the other end they squeeze out the water into an earthen pan or piece of a Gourd and then
what it cost and suddenly cloue his head therewith which his brother perceiuing ranne for his Rapier but the Indian women had stolne it away before and so they killed him also with their Bowes and Arrowes and three or foure Negroes which seemed to resist them and thereupon flied to the Mountaines gathering a great company vnto him promising them that if they would aide him against the Spaniards in Coro he would giue them the Spaniards wiues and daughters in marriage But before they put this conspieacie in practise Captaine Peroso by a Policie tooke him feasting among his fellowe and women and tooke thirtie with him and brought them all to Coro where they were to suffer death with great torments to terrifie the rest And of some they cut off the thumbes and cut the sinewes of their two fore-fingers whereby they wanted the benefit of â—hooting Our entertainment there was such that we could not desire to part from thâ—m to come into our owne Countrey without offending them For a Frigat being readie at Coro 〈◊〉 goe for Carthagena foure of vs made intreatie for passage which were Philip Glastocke Richarâ— Garret William Picks and my selfe Iohn Nicols for all the rest were in the Countrey vpon plâ—sure some in one place and some in another And when the ship was readie to depart they perâ—â—aded the Gouernour not to let vs goe For they told him that there were many ships of Hollandâ—on â—on the Coast and that if we went all in the Frigate we would betray it vnto them causing the Fathers of their Churches to tell vs That if we would stay wee should be as themselues arâ— they would willingly bestow both their daughters and their goods vpon vs. Yet notwithstanding all their allurements our desire was for our owne Countrey and so three of vs procured meâ—es for to goe and William Picks was stayed by meanes his Master told the Gouernour that foâ—e were to many to venter in the Frigat Thus we departed from Core about the twentieth of Aprill leauing all those with whom wee dwelt very sorrowfull for our departure who gaue vs great store of prouision for our Voyage They were very loth to let vs go to Carthagena for feare we should be put into the Gallies And the Gouernour of Coro himselfe wrote vnto the chiefe men of Carthagena in our commendation as to Don Pedro de Barres who was his Sonne in Law but it tooke small effect By the way wee touched at Santa Marta and watered there Within three dayes after we arriued at Carthagena we were committed to Prison by the Teniente for the Gouernour was dead not three dayes before we came in Yet we brought our Letter from Coro from one Sennor Gasper Sanchio Contador or in our behalfe to one Sennor Antonio Cambero who prooued a speciall good friend vnto vs. For we had not beene an houre in Prison but hee came to vs and comforted vs and bade vs not to feare for wee should not want any thing So he went to the Teniente and proffered three of his Negroes to set vs at libertie and if we made an escape he should haue those Negroes for his owne vse The worst of those Negroes was worth three hundred Duckets But hee would not neither would he allow vs any victuals But this Cambero sent vs euery day at noone one very good meales meate Also there were three Englishmen who serued as Mariners in one of the King of Spaines Gallions which carrie his Treasure which after that they were at Sea were by forcible tempest driuen back againe to Carthagena in a great danger to be sunk for she had twelue foot water in her Some escaped to Hauana and fiue of the richest ships were sunke on the shoalds betwixt Carthagena and Hauana These three Englishmen did allow vs twelue pence a day so long as wee remayned in Prison Euery Saturday the Teniente with his Alcaldies doe sit in iudgement within the Prison where the Teniente commanded that we should be sent to the Gallies Then one Alcaldie who was alwayes found to bee a fauourer of Englishmen whose name was Sennor Francisco Lopez de Moralis called for our Examination which when hee had perused hee told him that hee could not with Iustice commit vs. Who answered againe Then let them remayne in Prison vntill the Gallions come from Spaine for the treasure Within two moneths after a Deputie Gouernour was chosen vnto whom we framed a Petition which was deliuered by Iohn Frendgam whose answere was to him that if wee could procure any Spaniards to bayle vs for our forth comming we should be at libertie Which Sennor Francisco Lopez and Antonie Cambero no sooner heard but they entred into bond of a thousand Duckets for our forth comming And at our deliuery the Teniente told vs that although by order of Law they could iustly haue put vs to death yet seeing God had so miraculously saued vs and that we had endured so many miseries to saue our liues and that we came to them for succour and reliefe they were content to set vs at libertie So Francisco Lopez brought a discharge from the Gouernour to the Iaylour for our deliuery out of Prison and brought vs all three to his owne house where was prouided for euery one of vs a seuerall bed For the Countrey is so hot that we cannot lie but one in a bed Our entertainment was very great and all our seruices in plate with great varietie of meates and of all the most delicious Indian fruits and yet he thought we neuer fared well enough without hee sent vs one extraordinary dish or other from his owne Table Also many Gallauts resorted to his house to play at Cards who would bee very liberall vnto vs at their winning and would giue vs sixe or seuen pieces of Eight at a time There we continued vntill the Gallions were readie to goe for Spaine with the treasure then hee procured vs passage euery one in a seuerall ship And the day before wee embarked which was about the first of August there came two more of our company from Coro which were Miles Pet and Richard Ferne who were both placed with Philip Glastocke in the shippe called Saint Baotholomew Richard Garret went in the ship called La Madre de Dios and my selfe in the Santa Cruz. So we were a moneth in sayling to Hauana where wee stayed another moneth to trimme the ships The Gouernour there was Don Pedro de Valdes Prisoner in England 1588. So we liued all on shoare with eighteene pence a day for our diet and about the end of September departed leauing that shippe wherein Philip Glastocke Miles Pet and Richard Ferne were with another ship called the Saint Vincent for want of prouision of bread We shot the channell of Florida in eight dayes against the winde and came along by the I le of Bermuda and were nine weekes in sayling betweene Hauana and the Coast of Spaine The tempests and stomes which
paces broad one hundred persons keepe together in one of those houses they are most artificially builded and thetched so that no raine commeth into them although in Aprill May and Iune and most of Iuly very extreame raine doth fall there Also they make Pots of earth which shew as if they were guilded and some of them will hold thirtie or fortie gallons of liquor they are very faire to behold and very sweete to keepe any thing in They make Baskets of diuers sorts most artificially and their beds which they call Hamakes they are some of them made of Cotten wooll and some of barkes of trees they vse to lye in them hanging They haue a great delight to paint themselues both men and women and especially when they goe to any Feast The women against their day of trauell in childe bearth make for that time a roome apart in the house whereunto they goe all alone and are deliuered without any helpe at all and presently after the childe is borne she calleth for her husband and deliuereth him the childe who presently washeth it in a pot of water and painteth it with sundry colours which seemed very strange vnto me that I did not heare the women once so much as to groane or to make any moane at all in all her time of her trauell if any one of them dieth they doe vse to make great moane for them some ten or twelue daies together after his death or longer according as the partie was beloued in his life time And touching such kinde of Beasts as are in the woods as well about Wiapoco as in other places of the Countrie There are great store of Deere Hares and Conies Hogges and many Monkies great and small blacke and greene which sorts are called Marmosites and great red ones as bigge as Baboones those the Indians doe kill and eate and there are Leopards and Porcupines and Lyons for in one place we did see a Lyon which the Indians had killed they brought all their boyes they had and did lay them on the Lyons backe and with a whip did giue euery of them three lashes wherefore they did so we could not learne but imagined it was because they should remember the place where the Lyon was killed also there are great store of Otters and a beast which is called an Aligator he hath a cod that smelleth like the Muske cod Of Foules I haue seene Cockes Hennes Duckes and Geese Partridges Wood-doues Herneshaws Shouellers and a foule of a crimson colour called Passeray Fiemingo great store of white foules which the Indians call Wakcrouses great store of Parrats and Parrakeits which flye there in sholes like Starlings here in England also there is a Parrat there as bigge as a great Hen blew and red very beautifull to behold and multitudes of foules of other sorts and Hawkes of diuers sorts in the woods and Riuers And of fish there are great abundance of all sorts both of fresh water fish and Sea fish and Crabbes great store and the Indians take their fish with a kinde of wood which they beate against some stone or other tree vntill one end thereof be all bruised and putting that into the Riuer presently the fish become drunke and run themselues on the shoare and swim aboue water as our Haddockes doe in England There are store of good Rootes and Plants with Fruites as the Pina and Plantine Potatoes Nappoyes and a fruite called of the Indians Poppoyes it is bigger then an Apple and very pleasant to eate and sundry sorts of Plums and other sorts of fruites whereof they make drinke very pleasant to be drunke There are these commodities at Wiapocco and in other places of the Countrie where I haue trauelled Woods of blacke red and yellow colours Tobacco Guinie pepper Cotten wooll Carow of vs called Flaxe Anoto Berrieâ— which dye a very faire Stammell colour Spignard whereof a precious Oyle may be made Gummes of diuers sorts Bee-waxe Feathers of the best sorts such as Ladies doe weare in their hats and other Feathers abundance There grow naturally in many places Sugar Canes and great abundance of Carow of it selfe called of vs Flaxe and of the Spaniard Pero Also they make Oyle which they paint themselues with of a kinde of Nut bigger then a Chestnut whereof are great abundance growing and the Manety stone is to be had in the Aracores Countrie and in no other place of the Indies that I haue heard of These things I noted but if so we had expected certainely for to haue had a Ship of our owne Nation to haue come vnto vs I my selfe and the rest of vs should haue beene encouraged to haue obserued more then I haue done Neither had we any store of commodities to trade vp in the Maine as the two Hollanders hath which are there and were left there at our comming from thence by Iohn Sims Master of a Ship called the Hope of Amsterdam of the burthen of one hundred tuns Fraughted by the Merchants of Amsterdam and by their Charter partie was bound to lye in the Riuer of Wiapoco and of Caliane six moneths time which he did for he lay with vs at Wyapoco from the twentieth of December vnto the twentieth of May following trading with the Indians and sought most after the Manitâ— stone and Carow which we call Flaxe They furnished there two Factors very well with Commodities which they left at Wyapoco They dealt very kindely with vs for he shipped all our whole company which were nine of vs. Taking our leaues of the Indians who were as vnwilling to part from our companies as we were willing to goe into our owne Countrie saying vnto vs that if any of vs euer came to them againe to trade with them No other Nation should trade there but we And after they knew of our departure whilest we remained amongst them they brought their children vnto vs for to name after our great mens names of England which we did They had often speech of Sir Walter Rawleigh and one came farre out of the Maine from Orenogâ—e to enquire of vs of him saying he promised to haue returned to them before that time After we had prouided our necessaries and such commodities as we had and had giuen the Indians great charge of the Hollanders Factors we shipped our selues and departed from Wiapoco on the last of May 1606. And from thence we went into the Riuer of Caliane where our Master Iohn Sims traded some thirtie dayes with the Caribes and other of the Indians This Sims was Masters mate of the Holland Shippe which Captaine Lee found in the Riuer of Wiapoco at his first arriuall there also he was Master of the Ship which the Indians aduertised vs was in the Riuer of Amazons and according to their saying God be thanked he came to vs to our Comforts After his departure out of the Riuer of Caliane he sailed vnto Trinidado
Canoes There is no setled gouernment amongst them onely they acknowledge a superiority which they will obay as farre as they please In euery Prouince or Signiory there is a chiefe Cassique or Captaine commanding all So likewise in euery Towne and Village they commonly chastise murder and adultery by death which onely are the offences punished amongst them and certaine persons are appointed by them to execute those punishments The Indians take wiues ouer whom they are extreame iealous and expect great continencie in them for if they take them in adultery they presently cause their braines to be beaten out The better sort of persons haue euery one of them two or three wiues or more the rest but one accounting him that hath most wiues the greatest man Their wiues especially the elder sort are as seruants vnto them for they make their bread and drinke dresse their meate serue them at meales and doe all the other businesse about the house These Prouinces are peopled with diuers Nations of seuerall languages namely Yaios Arwaccas Sappaios Paragotos and Charibes The Charibes are the ancient inhabitants and the other Nations are such as haue beene chased away from Trinidado and the borders of Orenoque And forasmuch as they haue vnited themselues in those parts the Charibes haue held them in continuall warres but the Yaios and the other Nations their Allyes are growne so strong that they haue constrained the Charibes of the Sea-coast to contract a peace with them yet beare no hearty loue the one Nation to the other but with the Charibes inhabiting the in-land parts vpon the Mountaines they haue as yet no peace at all for they doe often times come downe vpon them in great numbers spoile and burne their houses kill their men and carry away their women which is the greatest cause of warre and hatred amongst them whereof our men haue seene experience in Cooshebery where happened an accident worth the obseruing which I will here declare vnto your Highnesse The Indian Leonard Ragapo before mentioned is a Yaio who finding the Countrey of Cooshebery slenderly inhabited hath seized vpon it for his owne Signiorie and at his earnest request I sent foure Gentlemen of my company to remaine there with him The naturall inhabitants that dwell vpon the vttermost bounds thereof towards the South and West are Charibes and enemies to him and to his Nation for while our men vnknowne to the Charibes staied at Cooshebery they assembled themselues together to the number of two hundred or more and came dome into his Signiorie burned and â—poiled houses roasted one woman tooke many prisoners and intended to assault him also which to preuent he armed about fiftie of his Indians with their vsuall weapons which are Bowes and Arrowes long Staues sharpened at the point and with fire hardened wodden Swords and Targets very artificially made of wood and painted with Beasts and Birds He requested also our men to aide and assist him with their Muskets which I commanded them to doe vpon all such occasions offered And so being all in readinesse Leonard as their captain led them on to intercept his enemies and as I haue heard by Master Henry Baldwin who then was prsent and to obserue the manner of their warres gaue him leaue to command all he brauely performed that exploit in good order after their manner and with great iudgement and resolution For in the Front he first placed our foure Englishmen by two in a ranke next to them two Indians armed with woodden Swords and Targets then two Archers and after them two men with sharpned staues instead of Pikes and in like manner ordered and ranked all his Company Being thus prepared hee marched against the Charibs who neere at hand were comming in the same order towards him but when they approached and vnexpected perceiued our English men amongst the Taios they were much amazed and made a sudden stand which Leonard perceiuing guessed rightly at the cause and instantly did make good vse of that aduantage Hee commanded his owne company to keepe their Station himselfe with a Sword in his hand which I had giuen him and a Target of his owne fashion went boldly towards them to parley with their Captaines And hauing called them out hee reproued them for comming as enemies into his Signiory for burning and spoiling his houses and his people hee demanded satisfaction for the hurt done and restitution of the prisoners taken and warned them forthwith to depart out of his Signiory and desist from warre which if they refused to fulfill he was there ready with his friends the Englishmen to fight with them and reuenge his wrongs and said further that if in the conflict any of the English men were slaine or hurt hee would then fetch all the rest from Wiapoco and returne to burne their houses and cut them all in peeces Thus hee boldly spake with such a courage shewing also our men vnto them who had their match in cocke ready to discharge that hee strooke such a feare into them all by reason of our mens presence that they presently agreed to peace performed what conditions he required and then departed home with all their company Here may your Highnesse note the factions among the Indian Nations the discipline and order they hold in warre the feare the Charibes conceiued at the sight of our English men and the policy of the Indian Leonard to take aduantage by their feare and make our men his Guard and chiefe protection against them These things in time will much auaile vs being well obserued and rightly applied according to occasion But to our former discourse The power and strength of these Countries being so thinly peopled is not very great to withstand the might of forraine enemies The vsuall weapons of the Indians are before described sauing that their Arrowes are oft times poisoned But since our trade and commerce with them they haue gotten a few good Swords Muskets Caliuers and some small quantity of shot and powder and haue learned to handle their Peeces very orderly and some of them are good shot The seasons of the yeare vpon this coast and in this climate are diuers for in the East parts of Guiana towards the Amazones the dry weather which we call their Summer beginneth in August and the violent raines and tempestuous winde which we count their winter doe begin in February But in the Westerne parts towards Orenoque the dry season beginneth in October and the raines and windes in Aprill There is little difference of heate and cold in this diuersity of seasons being so neere the Equinoctiall where the day and night are alwayes equall for in those parts wee finde that when the Sunne declineth furthest from them towards the Tropicke of Capricorne the ayre is then clearest and the season of the yeare most dry as in the Easterne parts of Guiana in August September October Nouember and December and when
for many purposes this gumme is black and brittle much like in shew to common pitch if you put a little of it vpon burning coales it filleth all the roome with a most sweet and pleasant sauour He further reporteth of it that certainly if you hold your head ouer the fume thereof three or foure times a day it cureth the giddinesse of the head and is also a most excellent comfort and remedie for a cold moist and rheumatike braine it is also good against the resolution or as the common sort call it the dead palsie whereof the giddinesse of the head is often a messenger and the fore-teller of that most pernicious griefe It is also of great vse for the paine that many women haue in the lower part of their backs which is very common to such as haue had children for remedie whereof it is to be melted in a pewter vessell with a gentle fire then with a knife it must be spread lightly vpon a piece of leather and laid warme to the place grieued vntill it come off of it selfe This plaister is also very good for aches and doth greatly comfort and strengthen the sinewes Thus much hath Master Cary written and reported of it and hath proued by his owne experience This gumme is also approued to bee an excellent remedie against the gowt and of singular vertue in the cure of wounds The Barratta is a most soueraigne Balsamum farre excelling all others yet knowne which by the same Gentlemans experience is of admirable operation in the cure of greene wounds and being burned vpon coales is of a sweet and odoriferous sauour There bee many other sweet gummes of great vse for perfumes whereoâ— one doth make a very rare perfume much like vnto the sent of sweete Margerum very pleasant and delectable For physick there be also many excellent Drugs namely Spiknard Cassia Fistula Sene and the earth yeeldeth Bole-Armoniack and Terra-Lemnia all which are knowne vnto vs. There be other Drugs and Simples also of strange and rare vertue in these parts vnknowne of which sort there is a little greene Apple by the Indians called in their language The sleeping Apple which in operation is so violent that one little bit thereof doth cause a man to sleepe to death the least drop of the juyce of it will purge in vehement and excessiue manner as dangerously was proued by my cousin Vnton Fisher who first found it for biting a little of it for a taste and finding it to burne his mouth in some extremitie did sodainly spit it out againe but some small quantitie of the juyce against his will went downe into his stomack which for two or three dayes space did prouoke in him an extraordinarie sleepinesse and purged him with sixtie seates This Apple for the purging vertue in so small a quantitie is like to bee of good price and great estimation in the practice of physick for the learned Physicians doe well know how to correct the sleeping qualitie thereof wherein the danger resteth There is a berrie in those parts very excellent against the bloudie-fluxe by the Indians it is called Kellette The juyce of the leafe called Vppee cureth the wounds of the poysoned arrowes The juyce of the leafe called Icari is good against the head-ache Many other Drugs and Simples are there found of singular properties both in physick and chirurgerie which if they should bee seuerally described according to their value and worthinesse would containe a large Volume Moreouer the Tree wherewith they take their fish is not a little to be esteemed but chiefly the great goodnesse of God therein is highly to bee praysed and admired who amongst so many admirable things by him created and planted in those parts hath vouchsafed to bestow vpon those barbarous people so great a benefit and naturall helpe for the present getting of their food and sustenance These trees are commonly growing neere vnto the places of their habitation for their present vse for when at any time they goe to fish they take three or foure little sticks of this tree and bruise them vpon a stone and then go into certain smal creeks by the Sea-shoare which at a high water are vsually full of very good fish of diuers kindes which come in with the tyde and there they wade vp and downe the water and betweene their hands rub those small bruised sticks therein which are of such vertue that they will cause the fish to turne vp their bellies and lye still aboue the water for a certaine time In which space they presently take as many as they please and lade them into their Canoes and so with little labour returne home sufficiently prouided There is also a red speckled wood in that Countrie called Pira timinere which is worth thirtie or fortie pounds a Tun It is excellent for Ioyners worke as chaires stonles bed-steds presses cupboords and for wainscot There are diuers kindes of stone of great vse and good price as Iasper Porphyrie and the Spleene-sione There is yet another profitable commoditie to bee reaped in Guiana and that is by Tabacco which albeit some dislike yet the generalitie of men in this Kingdome doth with great affection entertaine it It is not only in request in this our Countrey of England but also in Ireland the Neatherlands in all the Easterly Countreyes and Germany and most of all amongst the Turkes and in Barbary The price it holdeth is great the benefit our Merchants gaine thereby is-infinite and the Kings rent for the custome thereof is not a little The Tabacco that was brought into this Kingdome in the yeare of our Lord 1610. was at the least worth 60. thousand pounds And since that time the store that yeerely hath come in was little lesse It is planted gathered seasoned and made vp fit for the Merchant in short time and with easie labour But when we first arriued in those parts wee altogether wanted the true skill and knowledge how to order it which now of late we happily haue learned of the Spaniards themselues whereby I dare presume to say and hope to proue within few moneths as others also of sound iudgement and great experience doe hold opinion that onely this commoditie Tabacco so much sought after and desired will bring as great a benefite and profit to the vndertakers as euer the Spaniards gained by the best and richest Siluer Myne in all their Indies considering the charge of both The things which the Indians desire from vs by way of trade in exchange for the aboue named commodities whereby wee hold societie and commerce with them are Axes Hatchets Billhookes Kniues all kinde of Edge-tooles Nailes great Fish-hookes Harping-irons Iewes Trumps Looking-glasses blue and white Beads Christall Beades Hats Pinnes Needles Salt Shirts Bands linnen and woollen Clothes Swords Muskets Caleeuers Powder and Shot but of these last mentioned we are very sparing and part not with many vnlesse vpon
of London THe Riuer of the Amazons lieth in the highest part of the West Indies beyond the Equinoctial Line to fall with this Riuer fortie leagues from Land you shal haue 8. 6. 7. fathomes water you shal see the Sea change to a ruddie colour the water shall grow fresh by these signes you may run boldly in your course and comming neere the Riuers mouth the depth of your water shal increase then you shal make Discouerie of the Trees before the Land by reason the Land is very low and not higher in one place then another three foote being at a Spring tide almost all ouerflowne God knowes how many hundred leagues It flowes much water there with a verie forcible tide In this Riuer I continued tenne weekes seeing the fashion of the people and Countrie there This Countrie is altogether full of Woods with all sorts of wilde Beasts as Lions Beares Woolues Leopards Baboones strange Boores Apes Monkeies Martins Sanguines Marmosets with diuers other strange beasts also these Woods are full of Wild-fowle of all sorts and Parrats more plentifull then Pidgeons in England and as good meate for I haue often eaten of them Also this Countrey is very full of Riuers hauing a King ouer euerie Riuer In this place is continuall Tempests as Lightning Thunder and Raine and so extreame that it continues most commonly sixteene or eighteene houres in foure and twentie There are many standing waters in this Countrie which bee full of Aligators Guianes with many other seuerall water Serpents and great store of fresh fish of strange fashions This Countrie is full of Muskitas which is a small Flie which much offends a Stranger comming newly into the Countrie The manner fashion and nature of the people is this They are altogether naked both men and women hauing not so much as one threed about them to couer any part of their nakednesse the man taketh a round Cane as bigge as a pennie Candle and two inches in length through the which hee puls the fore-skinne of his yard tying the skinne with a piece of the rinde of a Tree about the bignesse of a small pack-threed then making of it fast about his middle hee continueth thus till hee haue occasion to vse him In each Eare hee weareth a Reede or Cane which hee bores through it about the bignesse of a Swannes Quill and in length halfe an inch and the like through the midst of the lower lippe also at the bridge of the Nose hee hangs in a Reede a small glâ—sse Beade or Button which hanging directly afore his Mouth flies too and fro still as hee speakes wherein hee takes great pride and pleasure Hee weares his Haire long being rounded below to the neather part of his Eare and cut short or rather as I iudged pluckt bald on the câ—owne like a â—rier But their women vse no fashion at all to set forth themselues but starke naked as they were borne with haire long of their Heads also their Breasts hang verie low by reason they are neuer laced or braced vp they doe vse to anoint their Bodies both Men and Women with a kind of redde Earth because the Muskitas or Flies shall not offend them These people are verie ingenious craftie and treacherous verie light of foot and good Bowemen whose like I haue neuer seene for they doe ordinarily kill their owne food as Beasts Fowle and Fish the manner of their Bow and Arrowes is this The Bow is about two yards in length the Arrow seuen foote His Bow is made of Brasill-wood verie curious his string of the rinde of a Tree lying close to the Boâ— without any bent his Arrow made of Reede and the head of it is a fish bone 〈◊〉 a Beast in this manner standing behinde a Tree hee takes his marke at the Beast and wo 〈…〉 〈◊〉 he followes him like a Bloud-hound till he fall oftentimes seconding his shoot then for any Fowle be he neuer so little he neuer misses him as for the first hee walkes by the water side and when hee hath spied a fish in the water hee presently strikes him with his Arrow and suddenly throwing downe his Bow hee leapes into the water swimming to his Arrow which hee drawes aland with the fish fastened to it then hauing each kild his owne food as well flesh and fowle as fish they meete together to the number of fiftie or sixtie in a company then make a fire after this fashion They take two stickes of Wood rubbing one hard against another till such time as they bee fired then making of a great fire euery man is his owne Cooke to broile that which he hath gotten and thus they feed without Bread or Salt or any kind of drinke but Water and Tobacco neither doe they know what it meanes In these Countries we could find neither Gold nor Siluer Oare but great store of Hennes For I haue bought a couple for a Iewes Harpe when they would refuse tenne shillings in money This Countrie is full of delicious fruite as Pines Plantines Guaues and Potato Rootes of which Fruits and Roots I would haue bought a mans burthen for a glasse Button or Bead. The manner of their Lodging is this they haue a kinde of Net made of the rinde of a Tree which they call Haemac being three fathome in length and two in breadth and gathered at both ends at length then fastning either end to a Tree to the full length about a yard and halfe from the ground when hee hath desire to sleepe hee creepes vnto it The King of euerie Riuer is knowne by this manner He weares vpon his head a Crowne of Parrats feathers of seuerall colours hauing either about his middle or about his Necke a Chaine of Lions teeth or clawes or of some other strange beast hauing a woodden Sword in his hand and hereby is he knowne to be the King Oftentimes one King warres against another in their Canowes which are Boats cut out of a whole Tree sometimes taking one another the Conquerours eates the Captiues By this time ten weekes were spent and being homewards bound but not the same way that we came for we sailed vnto the Riuer before the winde because it blowes there continually one way which forces all shippes that come thither to returne by a contrarie way The end of the sixth Booke VOYAGES TO AND ABOVT THE SOVTHERNE AMERICA WITH MANY MARINE OBSERVATIONS AND DISCOVRSES OF THOSE SEAS AND LANDS BY ENGLISHMEN AND OTHERS THE SEAVENTH BOOKE REader I here present thee the exactest Treatise of Brasil which I haue seene written by any man especially in the Historie of the multiplied and diuersified Nations and customes of men as also in the naturall Historie of Beasts Serpents Fowles Fishes Trees Plants with diuers other remarkeable rarities of those Regions It was written it seemeth by a Portugall Frier or Iesuite which had liued thirtie yeares in those parts from whom much against his will the written Booke was taken by one
a continuall stamping with the feet standing still or going round about or stirring their bodie or their head and they doe it all by such compasse and pleasantnesse as can be desired at the sound of a Timbrell made after the fashion of those which the children vse in Spaine with manie smal stones within or certaine seeds whereof they make also verie good beads and so they sing dancing altogether for they doe not one thing without the other in such compasse and order that sometime an 100. men dancing and singing together in a row one behind the other doe end all at one stroke as if they were altogether in one place The singers aswell men as women are much esteemed among them in so much that if they take an enemie a good singer and an Inuenter of Verses they therefore spare his life and doe not eate him nor his children The women doe dance together with the men and make many gambolls and gestures with their armes and bodies especially when they dance alone They keepe among themselues differencies of voices in their Consort and ordinarily the women doe sing the Treble Counter and Tenours They are verie wicked especially in weeping for the dead for when any one dieth the Kindred doe cast themselues vpon him in the Net and so suddenly that sometimes they choake him before he dieth seeming to them he is dead And those that cannot cast themselues with the Coarse in the Net doe cast themselues on the ground with such falls and knockes that it seemeth a Miracle they doe not end their liues with the dead and of these falls and mournings they remaine so feeble that sometime they die When they mourne they speak manie pittiful and dolorous words if he die at euening all night long they weep with a high voice that it is a wonder they are not wearie For these mournings they cal the Neighbours kinsmen and if he be one of the principall all the Towne doth meete to mourne and in this they haue also their points of honour and they curse with plagues those which weepe not saying that they shall not bee mourned for After he is dead they wash him and paint him verie brauely as they paint their enemies and after this they couer him with Cotton Yarne that nothing is seene of him and put a couering ouer his face and sitting they put him in a great tinnage or vessell that they haue vnder the Earth for that purpose and doe couer it in such manner that no Earth may come to him and the vessel they couer with earth making him a house where euerie day they carrie him meat For they say that when he is wearie with dancing he commeth thether to eate and so they goe for a certaine time to bewaile him euerie day all his Kindred with him they burie all his Iewels or Brooches that none may see them and grieue thereat But if the dead had any Peece as a Sword c. that had beene giuen him it returneth to him that gaue it and hee taketh it againe wheresoeuer he findeth it therefore they say that when one dieth he loseth all the right of that which was giuen him After the Coarse is buried the Kinsmen are in continuall weeping night and day the one beginning as the other endeth they eate not but by night they hang their Nets neere to the roofes and the women after twentie daies doe cut their haire and this lamenting lasteth a whole Moone the which being ended they make great Wines or Drinkings to put away their mourning The men doe cut their haire and the women doe paint themselues with blacke and these Ceremonies and others being ended they beginne to communicate the one with the other aswell the men as the women After their companions are dead some neuer doe marrie againe nor enter into the Feast of Wines neither paint themselues with blacke but is verie seldome among them because they are much giuen to women and cannot liue without them Before they had any knowledge of the Portugals they vsed tooles and instruments of stone bone wood Canes and teeth of Beasts c. and with these they hewed downe great Woods with wedges of stones helping themselues with fire and they digged also the ground with certaine sharpe stakes and they made their Brooches Beades of Wilkes Bowes and Arrowes as well as now hauing Instruments of Iron but they spent a long time in making of whatsoeuer thing wherefore they esteeme the Iron verie much for the facilitie or ease which they finde in making their things with it And this is the reason wherefore they are glad of Commerce with the Portugals or white men The weapons of this people ordinarily are Bowes and Arrowes and they boast themselues of them and they make them of verie good wood and verie faire interlaid with Palme-tree of sundrie colours they die their strings greene or red and they make their Arrowes verie faire seeking for them the fairest feathers they can find They make these Arrowes of sundrie Canes and fasten in their points the teeth of beasts or certaine verie hard Rushes or sharpe stickes with many snagges and many times they empoison them with herbes These Arrowes to ones sight seeme a thing of mockerie but are verie cruell Weapons and pierce quilted breast-plates or curates and striking in a sticke they cleaue it asunder and sometimes happen to goe through a man and sticke on the ground They doe exercise themselues in these Weapons verie young and are great Archers and so certaine that no Bird can escape them be it neuer so little or any vermine of the Woods and there is no more but if they will shoot an Arrow through the eie of a bird or a man or hit any other thing be it neuer so small they doe it with great facilitie and with their owne safetie and for this they are greatly feared They are stout also and fierce and dreadfull to others They are as vermine of the Woods for they goe a hunting into the Countrie naked and barefoot without any feare They haue a maruellous sight for at a league off they see any thing and in the same manner they heare They guesse verie right ruling themselues by the Sunne they go to all parts they list 200. or 300. leagues through thicke Woods and misse not one â—ot they trauell much and alwaies runnig a gallop especially with some charges no Horse is able to hold out with them They are great fishers and swimmers they feare no Sea nor waues continue a day and a night swimming and the same they doe rowing and sometimes without meate They vse also for Weapons Swords of wood and interlay the ends of them with Palme-tree of sundrie colours and set Plumes on them of diuers colours chiefly in their feasts and slaughters And these Swords are verie cruell for they make no wound but bruise and breake a mans head
come forth neither passe they any waters vse any shipping nor are giuen to fishing all their liuing is from the woods They are cruel as Lions when they take any enemies they cut off his flesh with a Reed whereof they make their Arrowes and flea them that they leaue them no more but the bones and the guts if they take any child are followed that they may not take it away aliue they strike off his head against a post They disbowell the women with child to eate their children roasted These annoy the Port Secure verie much the little Ilands and Camamû and these Countries goes to decay because of them their speech cannot be vnderstood Besides these towards the Maine and the fields of Caatinga doe liue many Nations of Tapuyas which are called Tucanucu these liue in the Maine of the great Riuer opposite to Port Secure they haue another Language Others doe liue in the Maine before yee come to Aquitigpe and are calle Nacij Others which they call Oquigtâiuba others which are called Pahi these weare course Cotton-clothes wouen like a Net with this they couer themselues as with a sacke they haue no sleeues they haue a different speech In the Ari are others which also liue in the field going toward Aquitigpe Others which are called Larahio it is a great people of a different speech Others which are called Mandeiu also of another speech others called Macutu others Napara these haue husbandrie Others called Cuxare these liue in the middest of the field of the Maine others which liue in the same field that are called Nuhinu others doe liue toward the Maine of the Bay which is called Guayaua they haue a speech by themselues other there about called Taicuiu these dwell in houses they haue another speech others in the same Countrie called Cariu of a different tongue These three Nations and their Neighbours are friends of the Portugals others which they call Pigru they dwell in houses others which are called Obacoatiara these liue in Ilands in the Riuer of Saint Francis they haue Houses like vnto Caues vnder the Earth These when the enemies come against them flie to the water and by diuing escape they continue long vnder water they haue great Arrowes like halfe Darts without Bowes and with them they fight they are verie valiant they eate humane flesh they haue a different tongue Others there are that liue farre within the Maine are called Anhelim they haue another Language others that liue in Houses called Aracuaiati they haue another Speech others called Caiuari they liue in Caues Others called Guaianaguacu they dwell in Caues and haue another Speech others farre within the Maine called Camucuiara these haue paps that reach vnder their waste and neere to their knees and when they runne they binde them about their waste they are neuerthelesse great Warriours eate mens flesh and haue another Speech Others which they call Iobiora Apuayara Lords of sharpe Staues for they fight with tosted staues and sharpe they are valiant and eate humane flesh they haue another Speech Others called Anuacuig they dwell in Houses they haue another Speech but they vnderstand themselues with these abouesaid their Neighbours Others they call Guaiacatu and Guaiatâ—ú these haue another Speech and dwell in Houses Others called Cumpehe these eate no humane flesh when they kill the enemie they cut off the head and carrie it for a shew they haue no Houses and are like Gipsies Others called Guayo dwell in Houses they fight with venomed Arrowes they eat humane flesh they haue another Speech Others called Cicu haue the same Speech and customes of them abouesaid Others called Pahaiu eate humane flesh and haue another Speech Others called Iaicuiu haue the same Speech that these aboue Others called Tupijo dwell in Houses haue Husbandrie and another Speech Others called Maracaguacu are Neighbours to these aboue and haue the same Speech Others called Iacuruiu vse Husbandrie dwell in Houses and haue another Speech Others called Tapecuiu are Neighbours of these aboue and haue the same speech Others called Anacuiu haue the same Speech and customes that those aboue and all of them doe fight with venomed Arrowes Others called Piracuiu haue the same Speech that those aboue and venomed Arrowes Others called Taraguaig haue another Speech they fight with venomed Arrowes Others called Pahacuiu can speake the Language of them abouesaid Others called Tipi are of the field and fight with venomed Arrowes Others called Guacaraiara haue another Speech and haue Husbandries and dwell in Houses Others Neighbours to these aboue called Camaragoa Others called Curupija were enemies of the Tupinaquis Others called Aquirino haue another Speech Others called Piraguayg Aquig liue vnder the Rockes are enemies to these aboue Others celled Piuacuiu Others called Parapoto these can speake the Speech of them of the Coast. Others called Caraemba haue another Speech Others called Caracuin haue another Speech Others called Mainuma these joine themselues with the Guaimures enemies to them of the Coast they vnderstand themselues with the Guaimures but they haue another Speech Others called Aturari enter also in communication with the Guaimures others called Cuigtaio doe also communicate and enter with the Guaimures Others called Cuigpe these were the Inhabitors of Port Secure Others called Guigraiube are friends with them aboue Others called Augarari these dwell not farre from the Sea betweene Port Secure and the Holy Ghost Others called Amixocâ—ri are friends with the former Others called Carata doe liue in the Maine toward Saint Vincent and went flying from the North thither they haue another Speech Others called Apetupa liue in the Maine toward Aquitipi Others called Caraguatijara haue another Speech Others called Aquiguira these doe conuerse with the former Another Nation liueth in the Maine enemies to the Muriapigtaâ—ga and of the Tarape it is a Dwarfish people low of bodie but bigge legged and backed the Portugals call these Pigneos and the Indians call them Taepijguiri because they are little Others called Quiriciguig these doe liue in the Maine of the Bay verie farre Others called Guirig these are great Horsemen and friends of the former Others called Guaiere doe liue in the Maine of Port Secure verie farre off Others called Aenaguig these were Inhabitors of the Countries of the Tupinaquins and because the Tupinaquins remained Lords of the Mountaines they are called Tupinaquins Others called Guaitaca doe liue in the Sea Coast betweene the Holy Ghost and the Riuer of Ianuarie they liue in the fields and will not liue in the Woods they goe to eate to their Husbandries and come to the houses to bed they haue no other treasures They liue as the cattell that feedeth in the fields and come not to the Houses but to sleepe they are so swift in running that by footmanship they catch the game Others called Igbigraâ—pan are enemies to the Tupinaquins they communicate with the Guaimures when they fight with
cannot escape them especially if they be bigge When they are flesht there is none that dare abide them especially by night they kill many beasts at once they spoile a whole Hen-house or a heard of Swine and to open a man or whatsoeuer beast it sufficeth to hit him with one of his clawes But the Indians are so hardie that some of them dare close with one of them and holdeth it fast and kills it in a field as they doe their enemies getting a name and vsing all the ceremonies they doe to their enemies They vse the heads for Trumpets and the Portugall women vse the skinnes for Rugs or Couerlets especially of the painted ones and in the Captainship of Saint Uincent The Carigue are like the Foxes of Spaine but they are smaller as bigge as a Cat they smell worse then the Foxes of Spaine themselues and they are grey as they They haue a bag from the fore to the hinder feet with sixe or seuen dugs and there they carrie their young ones hidden till they can get their owne food and hath ordinarily sixe or seuen in a litter This vermine destroyeth the Hens for it goeth not by day but by night and climes the trees and the houses and no Bird or Hen can escape them The Tamandua is of notable admiration it is of the bignesse of a great Dog more round then long and the tayle is twice or thrice as long as the bodie and so full of haire that from the heate raine cold and winde hee harboureth himselfe all vnder it that yee can see nothing of him The head is small and hath a thinne snout no greater mouth then an oyle Cruze round and not open the tongue is of three quarters long and with it he licketh vp the Ants whereof he onely feeds hee is diligent in seeking of the Ant-heapes and with the clawes hee breaketh them and casting out his tongue the Ants sticke on it and so he drawes them in hauing no more mouth then to hold his tongue full of them it is of a great fiercenesse and doth assault many people and beasts Th Oâ—nces doe feare them and the Dogs exceedingly and whatsoeuer they catch they teare with their clawes they are not eaten neither are they good for any thing but to destroy the Ant-heapes and they are so many that they will neuer bee destroyed altogether The Tatu is of the bignesse of a Pigge and of a whitish colour it hath a very long snout and the body full of thing like plates wherewith he remayneth armed and it hath certaine pieces hanging downe as the Badas haue These plates are so hard that no Arrow can pierce them except it hits him in the flankes they digge so fast that it hath chanced seuen and twentie men with Mattockes not to bee able to digge so much as one of these with their snout But if they cast water in their holes they are presently taken it is a creature worth the seeing and they call it an armed Horse the flesh is like Hennes flesh or Pigge very pleasant of the skinne they make Purses and they are very faire and lasting they are made tame and are bred in the house Of these there be many kindes and there are great abundance of them The Canduacu is the Porcupine of Africa and hath bristles white and blacke so great that they are af a spanne and a halfe and more and they cast them like as those of Africa There be other of these called Candumiri because they are smaller and they haue bristles as the other There be other smaller of the bignesse of a Cat with yellow bristles and blacke at the points All these bristles haue this qualitie that entring into the flesh bee it neuer so little of it selfe it pierceth through the flesh And for this cause these bristles doe serue the Indians for an instrument to bore the eares for putting neuer so little in them in one night it pierceth them through There be other smaller like Vrchins or Hedge-hogs they haue also bristles but they cast them not all these beasts are of a good flesh and taste The Hirara is like the Ciuet Cat though some say it is not they are of many colours viz. grey blacke and white they eate nothing but hunnie and in this they are so terrible that bee the hole of the Bee-hiue neuer so little they make it so bigge that they may goe in and when they finde the Hunnie they neuer eate it till they haue called the rest of the young ones and and then the old one going in he doth nothing but bring out the Hunnie and giue it to the yong ones a thing of great admiration and an example of great charitie for men and that this is so the men of the Countrie doe affirme The Aquiqui are very great Apes as bigge as a good Dog blacke and very ougly as well the male as the female they haue a great beard onely in the lower chap of these come sometimes a male one so yellow that it draweth toward red which they say is their King This hath a white face and the beard from eare to eare as cut with the Scissers and it hath one thing much to be noted namely that he goeth into a tree and maketh so great a noise that it is heard very farre off in the which he continueth a great while without ceasing and for this this kind hath a particular instrument and the instrument is a certaine hollow thing as it were made of Parchment very strong and so smooth that it serueth to burnish withall as big as a Duckes Egge and beginneth from the beginning of the gullet rill very neere the palate of the mouth between both the cheekes and it is so light that assoone as it is toucht it moueth as the key of a Virginals And when this Ape is thus crying he fometh much and one of the little ones that is to remaine in his place doth cleanse many times the fome from his beard There are others of many kindes and in great abundance they are blacke grey and yellow the Country-men say that some of these when they shoot at them with an Arrow catch it in their hand and turne againe and throwe it at the man and when they are hurt they seeke a certaine leafe and chaw it and thrust it into the wound for to heale them and because they are alwaies on the trees and are very swift when the leape is great and the little ones cannot passe one of them lieth acrosse like a bridge and the rest passe ouer him the tayle serueth him for a hand and if any be strucken with his tayle he holdeth fast the bough whereon he is and so dieth hanging and falleth not They haue many other qualities that are seene euery day as to take a sticke and beate some body that doth them harme another found a basket of Egges hung it by the cord about
with the eating of them There is another tree called also Betele it is smaller and of a round leafe the roots of it are an excellent remedy for the tooth-ake putting it in the hollow place of them it biteth like Ginger They say also that in this Brasill is the tree of the Cassia fistula it is vnknowne to the Indians the Spaniards doe vse it and say it is as good as that of India The Anda trees are faire and great and the wood serueth for all things of the fruit they make an Oyle wherewith the Indians doe anoint themselues and the women their haire and it serueth also for wounds and drieth vhem vp presently and they make many gallant things about the legs and body painting themselues with this Oyle The Moxerequigba tree is found within the Maine in the fields it is small beareth a fruit as big as an Orange and within it hath certaine kernels and of it altogether they make an Oyle to anoint themselues the barke serueth to kill fish and euery beast that drinketh the water where it is cast dieth The Aiuratubira is small beareth a red fruit and of it they make a red oile to anoint themselues The Aiabutipita is fiue or sixe spannes in length the fruit is like Almonds and blacke and so is the Oyle which they esteeme very much and anoint themselues with it in their infirmities The Ianipaba tree is very faire of a pleasant greene euery moneth it changeth the leafe and is like a Wal-nut leafe the trees are great and the timber pleasant to worke the fruit is like great Oranges and is like Quinces or russet Peares the taste is like Quinces it is a good medicine for the Laske of all sorts Of this fruit is made a blacke Inke when it is made it is white and anointing themselues therewith it stayneth not presently but within a few houres the partie remayneth as blacke as any Iea◠It is much esteemed of the Indians with this they make on their bodies round Hose and Doublets all cut and they giue certaine strokes in the face eares nose chinne armes legs and the same doe the women and they become very gallant This is their apparell as well on the weeke as on the Feast day adding some feathers to it wherewith thee adorne themselues and other Iewels made of bone this colour lasteth on the body nine dayes still blacke and after remayneth nothing it maketh the skinne very hard and to make the painting the fruit is to be gathered greene for being ripe it will not doe it The tree Iequitimguaçu beareth a fruit like the Spanish Scrawberie and within it hath a beane as hard as a sticke which is the seed they are of the best Beades that can be for they are very equall and very blacke and they haue a glosse like Iear the huske that couereth these Beades is more bitter then Aloes it serueth for Sope and it washeth better then the best Sope in Portugal A certaine tree groweth in the fields and the Mayne of the Bay in dry places where no water is very great and broad it hath certaine holes in the branches as long as an arme that are full of water that in Winter nor Summer neuer runneth ouer neither is it knowne whence this water commeth and drinke many or drinke few of it it is alwaies at the same stay and so it serueth not onely for a Fountaine but also for a great maine Riuer and it happeneth fiue hundred persons to come to the foot of it and there is harbour for them all they drinke and wash all that they will and they neuer want water it is very sauoury and cleare and a great remedie for them that trauell into the Mayne when they can finde no other water In this Countrie of Brasill are Groues wherein are found trees of great bignesse and length whereof they make very great Canoas of seuen or eight spannes broad in hollownesse and of fiftie spannes and more in length which beare a load like a great Barke and doe carrier twentie or thirtie Rowers of a side they make likewise great Beames for the Sugar-mills There are many sorts of wood incorruptible that putting it in the ground it neuer rotteth and others set in water are euery day greener and stronger There is a holy wood of certaine white wanes whereof are made very faire Bed-steads and rich The Brasill wood whereof the red Inke is made and other woods of diuers colours whereof diuers Inkes of great esteeme are made and all turned and carued workes There be smelling woods as the Iararanda and other kindes of great price and esteeme there are found white Sandalos or Dates in great quantitie The wood of Aquilla and in great abundance that ships are made of it Cedars wood of Angolin and the Nutmeg tree though these woods are not so fine and of so great smell as those of India yet they want but a little and are of great price and esteeme Of the Herbes that yeeld fruit and are eaten THe ordinary food of this Country that serueth for Bread is called Mandioca and they are certaine rootes like Carrots though they are greater and longer these shoot out certaine stemmes or branches and growe to the height of fifteene spannes These branches are very tender and haue a white pith within and at euery spanne it hath certaine ioynts and of this bignesse they are broken and set in the ground as much as is sufficient for to hold them vp and within sixe or nine moneths haue so big rootes that they serue for food This Mandioca contayneth many kindes in it selfe and all are eaten and they are preserued vnder the earth three foure or vnto eight yeeres and needs no seasoning for they doe no more but take them out and make fresh meate euery day and the longer they are vnder the earth the bigger they growe and yeeld the more It hath some things worth the noting that is man except all creatures desire to eate it raw and 〈◊〉 fatteneth them and nourisheth them exceedingly but if when it is crushed they doe drinke that water alone by it selfe they haue no more life then while it commeth to the stomacke Of these rootes crushed and grated they make a Meale that is eaten it is also layd in steepe till it corrupt and then cleansed and crushed they make also a Flowre and certaine Cakes like children very white and delicate This roote after it is steeped in water made in balls with the hands they set it vpon hurdles at the smoake where it drieth in such manner that it is kept without corrupting as long as they lift and after scraped and stamped in certaine great trayes and sifted there remayneth a Flowre whiter then of Wheate of the which being mingled in a certaine quantitie with the raw they make a certaine Bisquet which they call Of the warre and it serueth the Indians and the
that I may once make an end I will yet describe two kindes which are monstrous in shape as those that art most The one which the Barbarians call Hay is of the bignesse of a Dog with an hanging bellie like a farrowing Sow with pigge of an ash-colour haire very much washed with a very long tayle hairy feet after the manner of a Beare and long clawes but as while it liueth in the Woods it is very fierce yet being taken it is very easily tamed But the naked Tououpinambaultij doe not willingly play with him because he hath both long and also sharpe clawes They say it liueth onely on aire The other whereof I am also to speake called by the Barbarians Coaty is of the height of an Hare with short and spotted haire little and sharpe eares both of a little head and also with an eminent snout from the eyes more then a foote long round like a walking-staffe suddenly decreasing at the end so that it is altogether of an equall thicknesse with so narrow a mouth that it can scarce receiue the little finger None may be found more monstrous afterward when this wilde beast is taken gathering her foure feet together shee bendeth her selfe to the one side or the other or falleth flat downe nor can shee euer bee raised nor compelled to eate vnlesse Ants be giuen her on which shee also feedeth in the Woods This Chapter also wherein I will intreate of Birds I thought good to beginne with those which are fit for the maintainance of mans life and by a generall name are called Oura by the Tououpinambaultij they haue great plentie of those Hennes vnto the which wee gaue the name from India and they call them Arginau-oussou from that time also since the Portugals liued among the Barbarians our Countrymen vsed to nourish Hennes called by them Arginau-miri And although as I haue else-where mentioned they esteeme the white ones very much that plucking off the feathers and dying them red they might clothe and decke themselues yet for the most part they abstain from hoth kinds as touching the eating of them Moreouer seeing they perswade themselues that the Egs which they call Arginau-ropia are as it were poison they were not only astonished if we supped Egs before them but also reprouing vs added moreouer that it was not to be suffered for while we preuented the hatching of ckickens we eate an Henne in an egge Therefore they are almost as carefull of their Hennes as of the Birds which liue in the Woods they suffer them to lay wheresoeuer they are disposed But the Hens in like manner bring home their chickens out of the briars and bushes so that the Americane women may be without trouble Together with the Hennes the Barbarians also nourish Indian Duckes at home they call them Upec But because the Tououpinambaultij are so superstitious that they thinke if they should eate so slow a creature they should get the same slownesse so that if the Enemies should assaile them they could not seeke their safetie by flight no man may easily perswade them to taste the least morsell of them and for that cause they abstaine from all those creatures which goe slowly and also from fishes as Raies or Thornebacke and others which cannot swimme swiftly As touching these Birds which liue in the woods they take them as great as Capons and those of three sorts which the Barbarians call Iacoutin Iacoupen and Iacou-ouassou They haue all blacke and ash-colour Feathers and come neere vnto the Pheasants in taste and I may truely affirme that no sweeter or more delicate meate can euer be eaten then those Iacoas are Besides there are two kindes of most exquisite and choice Birds which are named Mouton of the bignesse of Peacocks with the same Feathers which the former had and they are very seldome found Macacoua and Yuambou-ouassou are two kindes of Partridges of the bignesse of our Country Geese not much vnlike the taste of Mutton These three following haue one and the same taste almost Inambour-miri of the height of Partridges Pegassou Stockedoues and Paicacu the Turtle Doue But that I may briefly finish the discourse of Birds which are found in great plentie both in the Woods Riuers and also in the shoares I will come vnto those which are not so fit for foode Among the rest there are two kindes of the same bignesse which come neere to the greatnesse of a Rauen or Crow which as the rest of the American Birds haue crooked bils and talons as also Parrats in which number they might be reckoned As touching the Feathers as it is easily iudged I scarce thought that Birds of such excellent beautie were to be found in the whole world in the beholding wherof abundant matter offereth it selfe not as prophane men to commend nature but the creator and that it may manifestly appeare the first which the Barbarians call Arat hath the feathers in the traine and wings of a foote and a halfe long partly purple like vnto red and partly of a blew colour greatly shining to the which also the other parts of the body are correspondent When this Bird moueth in the Sunne where she very much abideth no man can euer be satisfied with her sight The other called Canide with the inferiour Feathers and those that are round about the necke shining of the colour of gold and those that couer the backe wings and traine of an excellent blew colour seeing they seeme to be vnder-laid with embrodered gold and ouer-laid with a Veluet Mantle aboue it causeth great admiration to the beholders But although these Birds be not domesticall yet they oftner build their nests in the tops of the trees which are in the middle of the Villages then in the woods whereby it commeth to passe that the Barbarians plucke their Feathers three or foure times in the yeare of the which Feathers they make Cappes Garments and Bracelets decke the handles of their clubbes and adorne their bodies I brought many such Feathers with me into France Three or foure sorts of Parrats are taken there the greatest and fairest whereof the Barbarians call Aiourous These haue the head intermingled with red yellow and violet colours the ends of the wings scarlet or crimson the taile which is very long yellow and the rest of the body greene very few such are brought vnto vs. A Woman in a certaine Village some foure miles distant from our Iland had brought vp one of this kinde which as if she had beene indued with reason conceiued those things which she was commanded As often as we went that way we presently heard the Mistresse of that Bird say will you giue me a Combe or a Looking-glasse and I will presently command my Parrat to sing and daunce before you If happily we granted her request the Parrat presently hearing certaine words of her Mistresse did not onely dance on the pearch
the Kinsmen of the dead Lastly they recompence eie for eie tooth for tooth and life for life But these things as I said very seldome happen among them The things of the ground with them are Cottages and fields farre larger then might be required for maintenance of the Inhabitants As touching the Cottages you are first to vnderstand that euery Village containeth sixe hundred men wherefore very many are of necessitie to dwell in one and the same Cottage Notwithstanding euerie Family possessing their place without any distance betweene for there is nothing that may hinder but that from one end vnto the other those houses lie open which for the most part are extended sixtie paces in length euerie Master of a Family hath his wife and children placed apart Moreouer you are to obserue which surely is to be wondred at that the Americans inhabit not one place aboue fiue or sixe moneths But carrying away the matter and herbe Pindo whereof their houses consist they often transport their Villages which yet alwaies reteine the same names Wee our selues saw some Villages remooued a mile from the accustomed place No man buildeth a Cottage which he is not compelled to finish nay to build and plucke downe aboue twentie times before his death if hee haue attained to the full age of a man Now if it be demanded of them why they change their habitation so often The answere is easily made That the changing of the Aire is verie profitable for the health besides that if they should alter the custome of their ancestors they should presently perish As touching the fields euerie Moussacat hath certaine particular plats of ground which he chooseth at his pleasure wheresoeuer he thinketh good for the making of Gardens But that excessiue care of diuiding the grounds setting limits and bounding the fields they leaue to our Countrie couetous persons and to the Lawyers Concerning their houshold stuffe I haue often spoken in the former Chapters Yet that wee may not omit any of those things which appertaine to the houshold gouernment of the Barbarians I will heere recite the cunning of the American women in spinning of Cotton whereof there is manifold vse as well for Ropes as for the weauing of their hanging beds Being drawne out of the flockes in stead of all picking and carding they plucke it out somewhat in length with the fingers and then lay it vpon the ground in a heape for they know not how to vse Distaffes in stead of a Spindle they take a little wand of the thicknesse of a finger and a foot in length which they thrust through a little wooden round ball and fasten the Bombasin Cotton to the top of the small wand then turning that Instrument about vpon their thigh as our Countriewomen doe their Spindles they let it slip out of their hands That little round ball is turned about through the houses and streets like a Wherue And after that manner they spinne Threed not only course and great for the weauing of their Cotton Beds but also that which is most fine Of this sort I brought some into France wherewith I caused a faire stomacher to be made of the white Web which was of so fine and small a Threed that some tooke it for the best and choicest Silke They call their Cotton beds Inis The women to whom this workmanship appertaineth haue their work-houses for their Loomes somewhat vnlike to those of our Countrie for they are neither made flat and plaine nor consist of so many subtile inuentions but being framed to the height of their stature they worke after their manner and also beginne their weauing from the bottome They make certaine of those beds in the forme of Nets and others thicker like the finest Cloth They are fiue or sixe foot long and an elle broad vnto either end Cotton loopes are added vnto the which they fasten cords and hang them vp in their houses vpon beames made fit for this vse But liuing in the Campe or in the woods for hunting or on the shoares for fishing they hang them vpon trees These beds that wee omit nothing when they haue gathered filth either through humane sweat or by the smoake by reason of the continuall fire are washed cleane after this manner The women gather a certaine fruit in the woods not much vnlike in shape vnto a plaine Gourd but farre larger so that euery Apple may scarce bee borne with one hand these fruits they cut into small pieces and hauing cast them into some very great earthen vessell they moisten them with water Then they vehemently stirre them about with a sticke and cause a fome to arise from them through the helpe whereof in stead of Sope they make their Beds so cleane that in whitenesse they may be comparable with the Snowe or Fullers Clothes The vse of such Beds is farre more commodious in watches then that the Souldiers after the accustomed manner should tumble in Beds of grasse for they both foule their garments and get Lice and that which is more if they be to arise vnto the fight the bodie is bruisâ—d in some sort with the Armes which Souldiers continually weare which in the siege of the Citie Sancerra we proued in good earnest For the Enemie lay a whole yeere at our Ports That we may gather the rest of the Americane houshold-stuffe into a short summe the women who haue the charge of domesticall matters prepare huge Cannes and make very great Earthen vessels wherein to put their Cao-uin They also make Pots of diuers fashions little and indifferent Basons Platters and other things of that sort vessels which on the outside surely are nothing smooth but are so polished within and beautified with I know not what kinde oâ— tincture which presently waxeth hard so that those women may easily match the industrie of all our Countrie people Besides I know not what kinde of ash-colour painting they steepe in water and afterwards make diuers formes of things in their vessels within and specially in those wherein they lay vp their Meale and other kindes of meates to bee preserued The vse therefore of them is most acceptable nay those vessels farre excell them of wood which very many vse here with vs. Yet these Women-painters haue this fault that when they haue pourtrayed with the Pencill whatsoeuer they please if they be intreated to paint the same againe they are not possibly able to doe it because they haue no example proposed beside the industrie of their owne fantasie Hence it commeth to passe that two of these kinde of pictures may scarce be found alike Moreouer as I haue elsewhere said the Barbarians haue Gourds and other kindes of fruits which they diuide and make hollow and they vse them instead of Cups which they call Coui and other vessels of diuers vses They haue also Panniers large and meane and likewise Baskets very finely made of bul-rushes or yellowish grasse
and women goe naked as they came into the world when they were first borne so that they couer not their body so much as with a thred no not their priuie parts They make warre with the Macuerendas the flesh they eate is the flesh of Stagges Boares Estridges Conies which excepting the taile are not much vnlike a Dor-mouse or Rere-mouse They aâ—e sixteene leagues distant from the Macuerendas which distance we sailed in foure daies and abode one onely day with them Departing hence we came vnto another Nation called Mepenes who are 10000. strong These people dwell scattered here and there euery where in that Countrie extendiâ—g it selfe fortie leagues in length and breadth yet within two daies both by water and land they may all come together The multitude of the Boates they haue exceedeth the number of themselues as we saw when we were with them and in such a Boate or Canoa about twentie persons are carried This people receiued vs in hostile and warlike manner with fiue hundred Canoas vpon the Riuer but with little profit for themselues for we slew many of them with our shot for they had neuer before seene either Gunnes or Christians But comming to their houses wee could preuaile nothing against them seeing they were a whole league distant from the Riuer of Parana where our Ships lay The waters also about their Towne were very deepe which ran out of a Lake so that we could performe nothing against them that was of any worth saue that we burned and destroyed two hundred and fiftie Canoas which we had taken Neither did we thinke it good also for vs to depart so farre from our Shippes seeing it was to be feared least they would affaile vs from the other side We returned therefore to our Shippes This people of Mepenes fight onely vpon the water and is distant from the former Countrie of Zemais Saluaisco from whence we departed ninetie fiue leagues 19. Sailing vp higher from thence and in eight daies space arriuing at a certaine Riuer we light on a Nation that was very populous called Cueremagbas which also liueth onely with fish and flesh They haue Cherrie trees of the which they make wine This people bestowed their best affections vpon vs and curteously imparted those things vnto vs whereof we stood in neede The people are of a huge and tall stature both men and women The men haue a little hole in their nose into the which for ornament they put a Parrats feather The women paint their faces with long blew streakes which all the time of their life are neuer put out They couer their priuities with Cotten cloath from the nauell to the knees from the foresaid people of Mepenes to these Cueremagbas are fortie leagues so we staied in this place three daies Departing thence we came to another Nation called Aygais which also liueth with fish and flesh The men and women are of a tall stature the women like the former paint their faces and couer their priuities after the same manner When therefore we arriued on their coast taking armes in hostile manner they resisted vs and would haue stopped our passage We ordered our battaile both by land and water and fighting with them slew many of them fifteene also of our men were slaine These Aygais are stout warriers on the water but not so by land Being ready to fight against vs they had conueighed away their wiues and children to another place before and had hidden whatsoeuer prouision of meate or other like things they had so that we could get nothing from them Their Village is scituate neere the Riner called Iepidus hauing the Riuer called Paraboll on the other side descending from the Montainous Countries of Peru neere the Citie Fuech Kamin These Aygais are distant from the foresaid Cueremagbas thirtie fiue leagues 20. Departing from these people we came to a Nation called Carios fiftie leagues distant from the Aygais with whom by Gods grace we found as was told vs plentie of Mais Potatoes and Mandiochpobier hauing the taste of a Chestnut of which they make wine They haue also fish flesh wilde Bore Estridges Indian Sheepe as big as our Mules also Conies Hens Goates and such like sufficient plenty of Honie whereof by boiling it they make a kinde of Coine This Country also aboundeth with Çotten These people of Carios inhabit a large Countrie extending it selfe three hundred leagues in length and breadth they are men of a short stature and thicke and more able to indure worke and labour then the rest The men haue a little hole in their lippes and yellow Christall therein which in their language they call Parabol of two spannes long and of the thicknesse of a quill or reede The men and women both in this Countrie goe all naked as they were created of God Amongst these Indians the Father sels the Daughter the Husband the wife Sometimes also the Brother doth either sell or change the Sister They value a Woman at a Shirt a Knife a Hatchet or some other thing of this kinde These Carios also eate mans flesh if they can get it For when they take any in the warres whether they be men or women yong or old they fatten them no otherwise then wee doe Hogges But they keepe a woman some yeeres if she be yong and of a commendable beautie but if in the meane time she apply not her selfe to all their desires they kill and eate her making a solemne banquet as marriages are wont to be celebrated with vs. But they keepe an old woman till she dye of her owne accord These Carios vndertake longer iournies then any of these Nations vpon the Riuer of Plate They are couragious and fierce in battaile and their Villages and Townes are situate vpon the Riuer Parana on an high and mounting land 21. The Citie of these people which the Inhabitants call Lampere was compassed with a double bulwarke cunningly made of timber as with a hedge or inclosure euery trench being of the bredth and thicknesse of a man and one bulwarke or trench was twelue paces distant from the other The trenches being digged a fathome deepe into the earth were so high aboue the ground as a man might reach with the length of a Sword They had also Pits and Caues fifteene paces distant from the walls cast vp the height of three men in the middest whereof pikes were stucke yet not appearing aboue ground as sharpe pointed as a Pinne They made these Pits so couered with straw putting twigs and branches therein with a little earth strowed betweene that we Christians pursuing them or being readie to assault their Towne might fall into them But they cast these pits for them selues and at length they fell into them for when our Generall Iohn Eyollas gathering all his Souldiers together who were not aboue three hundred for they left sixtie to guard the Brigantines ordering and ranging the companies went against their Citie
speedily taking their flight conuaied themselues into their towne halfe a league distant from the Riuer we so pursued them that we came to their towne of Iuberic Sabaie at the verie same moment that they themselues entred which also presently we so besieged round that none of them might either goe out or in we also forthwith armed our selues with targets made of the skinnes of the Amydas as aforesaid We wan their towne Our Generall commanded before we should inuade them by force of armes that we should neither kill the women nor their children but onely leade them away captiues whose commandement also we obayed but all the men that we could light vpon must dye yet many escaping by flight preserued themselues and our confederates the Ieperus got one thousand of the enemies heads All these things thus performed those Carios who escaped by flight came together with their King and crauing pardon of our Generall intreated that their wines and children might be restored vnto them and then they would performe all obedience of subiection vnto vs as before and serue vs faithfully Our Generall therefore receiued them to fauour who afterward also continued constantly in our friendship and amitie so long surely as I abode in those Countries And this warre continued a yeare and an halfe and fell out in the yeare 1546. §. III. A long and troublesome March from Assumption into Peru. The Authors returne REturning therefore with our Shippes to our Citie the Assumption wee staied there two whole yeares But when in the meane time neither the Ships came out of Spaine nor any thing was signified by messengers our Generall going forth with three hundred and fiftie Spaniards and two thousand Carios in the yeare 1548. saileth vp the Riuer Parabol with seuen Brigantines and two hundred Canoas or Boates. But those of the people whom the Shippes could not hold trauaile by land with one hundred and thirty horses Hee made Don. Franck Mendoza Captaine giuing also prouision for two yeares These things therefore being thus setled The Generall hauing sent backe fiftie to Assumption with three hundred Christian Souldiers one hundred and thirty Horses and two thousand Carios hauing gone forward eight dayes iourney found no Nation but the ninth day wee light vpon a Nation called Naperus the people thereof liue onely by fish and flesh They are of a strong and tall stature Their women which are not beautifull couer their secrets This Country is sixe and thirtie leagues distant from the Mountaine Saint Ferdinand here we lay all night The day following continuing on our iourney we came the fourth day after to another Nation called Mapais which is very populous the Subiects are compelled to serue their Noblemen with fishing and labours and other worke no otherwise then our Boores with vs doe their Nobles But this Nation aboundeth with Mais Mandeoch Ade Mande pore Mandeoch porpie Padades Mandues Bachkeku and other rootes and things to eate It hath also Stagges Indian Sheepe Estridges Ducks Geese and many other kindes of Foule Their Woods abound in great plentie with Hony of the which also they make Wine and put it to other necessary vses The Sheepe which they call Amidas are of two kindes some of them domesticall and some wilde which they vse for carriages and to ride vpon and for other seruices almost as we doe our Horses as I also rid being carried on such a Sheepe in this very iourney more then forty leagues when my legge was lame They vse the same Beasts also in Peru for carriage of Merchandile as our people doe packe Horses These Mapais are men of a tall stature and warlike conuerting all their labour and study to warlike affaires Their women are faire and couer their secrets They doe no worke and labour in the fields but the whole care of maintaining the Family lyeth vpon the man neither doe they any thing else at home saue spinne and weaue Cotten or dresse meate for their husbands We were not aboue halfe a league from this Nation when they comming forth of the towne they met vs neere a certaine little Village where they perswaded vs quietly to refresh our selues that night for they would giue vs whatsoeuer we had neede of but this they did deceitfully and treacherously that also we might be more secure they gaue our Generall foure siluer Crownes such as are vsually worne vpon the head and foure Plates of siluer whereof euery one of them was a spanne and an halfe long and halfe a spanne broad These Plates they binde to their foreheads for ornament as we haue said before They presented our Captaine also with three yong women When we had turned into this Village supper being ended and the watch set that the people might be safe from the treacherie of the enemie wee gaue our selues to rest About midnight our Generall had lost his yong wenches 45. After this two thousand of the foresaid Mapais came vnto vs that ouercharging vs vnawares they might vtterly ouerthrow and kill vs but they got no great matter at our hands and in this conflict and bickering more then one thousand men were slaine They betake themselues to flight whom we pursued with great haste euen to their Towne but found no man there no not so much as their wiues and children our Generall therefore dispatching one hundred and fiftie harquebusse shot and two thousand fiue hundred Indian Caries pursueth these Mapais three dayes and two nights with great speede so that we did but dine and rested by night refreshing our selues foure or fiue houres with sleepe The third day we suddenly came vpon them gathered together in a certaine wood with their wiues and children but they were not those we sought but were their friends who were nothing afraid of vs nor did they suppose that we would euer haue come vnto them Notwithstanding the innocent were forced to pay for the fault of the guilty for when we light vpon them we slew many of them and tooke of the men women and children about three thousand persons and if it had bin day as it was night none of them had scaped our hands for an huge number of this people had gathered themselues together in a certaine Mountaine inclosed round with woods I had gotten for my part of the spoile about nineteene men and women not very old together with certaine other things These things performed returning to our Campe we quietly reposed our selues for eight daies for we found there sufficient plenty of victuall and other necessary things from this Nation Mapais vnto Saint Ferdinandes Mount where our Shippes rode were fiftie leagues and from the Nation Naperus thirtie six Marching on againe from thence we came to a Nation called Zemie subiect to the foresaid Mapais They liue almost as the Boores doe with vs vnder the power of their Lords In this iourney we light vpon fields tilled and set with Mais and other rootes and these fruites and meates are
Councell of Indies receiuing information against him arrested all his treasure aforesaid which filled him with such griefe that hee died within few dayes after Loyola which had taken him and was husband to his brothers daughter was sent generall to Chili where the Araucans hauing spies on him when hee had sent most of his Souldiers to garrisons with voices of birds and beasts gaue signes to their fellowes which came in with a great power of Indians and killed him and all his Spaniards Anno 1603. Thus haue wee fleeted the creame of the Incas Historie of the Incas the Spaniards whose acts hee principally handleth in his second part haue enough of their owne to relate their acts some of which also follow and others haue gone before to shew how they conquered and vsed their conquests of and in the New World The greatnesse of that State and strangenesse of the rising proceeding and ruine of the Incas made mee the larger though all this be not so much in words as one of the seuenteene Bookes out of which it is gathered It may bee of good vse both to vnderstand the Spanish Indian Historians as Acosta c. and in many things in which for want of Language and acquaintance with the Incas they haue receiued and deliuered errours to amend them and in this kinde for antiquities is a iewell such as no other Peru Merchant hath set to sale If I haue seemed confused and without exact method I haue followed my Authour who setting forth the former part Anno 1608. published the other 1617. hauing receiued of some later occurrents better intelligence Wee will now leaue this Inca-Spaniard and briefly recount from the Spanish Actors and Authors what passed in those first and great mutations Ramusio published these three following Discourses at large which wee haue thus contracted CHAP. XV. Briefe Notes of FRANCIS PIZARRO his conquest of Peru written by a Spanish Captaine therein employed A Certaine Spanish Captaine whose name is not added to his Tractate writeth that in Februarie 1531. he went with Pizarro from Panama who arriued and stayed three moneths at Tumbez and thence went to Tangarara and founded Saint Michaels where he heard of Atabalipa or Atahualpa and his warres with his brother Cusco who sent a Spie thither and as hee marched presents to Pizarro Hee with tortures learned of two Indians what and where Atabalipa was They marched on he sayth to Caxâ—malca a Citie foure miles in circuit entred with two Gates On one side of the Citie is a great Palace walled about with a great Court planted with trees This they call the House of the Sunne whom they worship putting off their Shooes when they enter And such there are in euery great Towne There were two thousand houses in streets straight as a Line the walls of strong stone three paces or fathoms high within are faire Fountaines of water and in the midst a greater street then any in Spaine walled about before which is a Fortresse of stone with staires from the Street to the Fort. On one side of this Street is the Palace of Atabalipa with Gardens and Lodgings the houses all painted with diuers colours in one roome were two great Fountaines adorned with plates of Gold in one of which runnes water so hote that a man cannot indure his hand therein the other being very cold The people are neate the women are honest weare a wrought Girdle on their long garments aboue that a Mantle which couereth them from the head to the midst of the thigh The men weare white Frockes without sleeues The women in a Palace made Chicha for the Armie After the Armies approached a Frier of the Order of Saint Dominike went and told him that the Christians were his friends The Cacique Atabalipa or Atabuallpa answered that first hee would haue them restore all that they had taken in his Land and after hee would doe as hee should see cause The Frier with a Booke in his hand beganne to speake to him the things of God hee demanded the booke and the Father gaue it him and he threw it downe about his people The Indian Interpreter ranne and tooke it vp and gaue it the Father who suddenly returned crying Come forth Christians come forth and set on these Enemies Dogs which will not accept the things of God whose Prince hath throwne on the ground the Booke of our holy Law Thereupon the Gouernour sounded the Trumpets and gaue a token to the Gunner to discharge the Ordnance and the Spaniards on foot and horsebacke rushed on with such furie that the Indians hearing the dreadfull thunders of the Artilerie and seeing the force of the Horses fled the Gouernour went directly to the Litter in which Atabalipa was whom hee tooke many Indians whose hands were cut off bearing the same Litter on their shoulders Sixe or seuen thousand were slaine besides many which had their Armes cut off and other wounded Atabalipa by an Indian sent to the other Indians that they should not flee for hee was still aliue in the Christians hands whom hee commended for a good Nation and commanded his to serue them Hee was about thirtie yeeres old a personable man somewhat grosse with thicke lips and eyes incarnate with bloud his speech graue The next day the Spaniards got fiftie thousand Pezos of Gold each worth one Ducket and two Carolines and seuen thousand Markes of Siluer and many Emeralds wherewith the Cacique seemed content and said that he would giue him as much Gold as would fill a roome to such a marke higher then a tall man could reach by a spanne the roome being twenty fiue foot long and fifteene broad The Gouernour asked how much Siluer hee would giue he said that hee would haue tenne thousand Indians which should make a partition in the midst of the Palace and fill it with vessels of Siluer of diuers sorts all which he would giue for his ransome The Gouernour promised him his libertie on this condition and to worke no treason against the Christians Fortie dayes were set and twentie passed in which came no Gold Then we learned that he had taken his brother Cusco his brother by the father a greater man then himselfe He had told some that Atabalipa promised the Gold which he had and hee would giue the Christians foure times as much as the other had promised which being told to Atabalipa he caused him suddenly to bee dispatched Hee killed another of his brothers which had said he would drinke in Atabalipas skull but contrariwise he drunke in his which I my selfe saw and all that went with Hernando Pizarro I saw the head with the skinne the flesh drie and the haires on and his teeth closed and betwixt them a Pipe of Siluer and on the top a Cup of Gold fastned to the head with a hole going into it His Slaues put Chicha into the Cup which ranne by the mouth into that pipe whence Atabalipa drunke
and then they wash themselues and shift all the apparell which they wore They bewayle all their dead in this manner except the aged whom they esteeme not for say they that they haue now passed their time and are no more good for any thing but occupie the earth and take away the maintenance from Infants and little children They vse to bury the dead vnlesse they be such as are Physicians among them whom they burne and while the fire flameth they stand all dancing with great ioy and make powder of the bones and when the yeere is past wherein they performe the honourable rites vnto their dead they all tumble and wallow vpon the earth and giue that powder of the bones to the kinsfolke to drinke in water Euery one haue their proper and peculiar wiues The Physicians are they that haue most libertie who may keepe two or three wiues and among them there is great friendship and conformitie When any marrieth his daughter hee that taketh her bringeth vnto the wife whatsoeuer he taketh by hunting or fishing euen vnto the day wherein he is espoused vnto her who carrieth it vnto the house of the father without daring to take or eate any thing thereof and afterward they bring food to the house of the father-in-law for him to eate and in all this time neither father-in-law nor mother-in-law enter into their house nor are they to enter inâ—o their house nor the houses of their kindred And if by chance they meete each other in the way they goe a Cros-bow shot off one from the other and so long time as they thus goe farre off they hang downe their heads and cast their eies on the ground for they hold it a wicked and an euill thing to be seene and to be spoken vnto The women haue libertie to conuerse with the fathers-in-law and other kinsfolke and they of that Iland haue this custome more then fiftie leagues within the Land They haue another custome and that is this that when any of their brethren or children die for three moneths they prouide nothing to eate for them of the house where they died but let them die through hunger if the kinsfolke and neighbours prouide them not somewhat to eate Whereupon at the time that we were there many people dying there was very great famine In the most part of the houses because they strictly obserue their customes and ceremonies and they who prouided food for them it being a very hard time could finde but a little And vpon this occasion those Indians that had mee went out of the Iland and in their Canoas passed ouer vnto the firme Land vnto certaine flat shoares where they had many Oysters and for three moneths in the yeere they eate no other thing and drinke very bad water They haue great scarcitie of wood and great multitudes of Flies their houses are made of mats spread vpon the sh lls of Oysters and ouer them they sleepe vpon the hides of beasts which yet they haue not but by a chance And so we continued vntill the middle of Aprill that wee went to the Sea-coast where wee eate Mulberries all that moneth wherein they end their sports and festiuall iollitie In that Iland whereof I haue spoken they would make vs Physicians without examining vs or demanding the titles of our profession and because they heale the infirmitie with blowing vpon the diseased and cure them with that and with their hands they would that wee also should doe the like and serue them in any thing whatsoeuer But wee laughed thereat saying it was a iest and mockery and that wee knew not how to heale whereupon they tooke away our food vntill we did that which they said And seeing our vnbeliefe an Indian said vnto me that I knew not what I said because stones and herbes that growe in the fields haue vertue and that he with an hot stone laying it vpon the stomacke cured the paine and that wee who are men must of a certaintie haue greater vertue then all other things of the world In the end seeing our selues in so great necessitie we were constrained to doe it yet not hoping to helpe any at all the manner and meanes which they obserue in curing is this that seeing themselues sicke they send for the Physitian to whom after they are cured they giue all that they haue and besides procure other things from their kindred to giue them The cure which the Physitians doe vnto them is to cut certaine gashes where the disease or griefe is and sucke it round about They seare it also with fire which among them is held a verie profitable thing and I haue proued it and it succeeded well After this blowing in the place where the griefe is they suppose the disease thereby to be remoued The meanes whereby we cured them was to blesse them and blow vpon them and say a Pater noster and an Auâ— Mary and pray the best we could vnto our Lord God that he would giue them their health and put it into their hearts to vse vs well It pleased his mercy that all they for whom he praied as soone as wee had blessed and hallowed them said vnto the rest that they were sound and well and for this they vsed vs verie curteously and left eating themselues to giue it vnto vs and gaue vs skins and other trifling things The famine was so exceeding great in that place that many times I continued three dayes without eating any thing at all and so did they also insomuch as I thought it impossible to bee able to liue although afterward I found my selfe in farre greater famine and necessitie as I shall hereafter speakeÌ„ The Indians who had Alonso del Castiglio and Andrea Dorante and the rest that remayned aliue being of another Language and other parentage passed ouer to another part of the firme Land to eate Oysters where they abode vntill the first day of Aprill and presently after they returned vnto an Iland neere vnto it about two leagues for that it yeelded more water and the Iland is halfe a league ouer and fiue in length All the people of that Countrey goe naked and the women only haue some parts of their bodie couered with a certaine kind of Cotton which they gather from certaine trees and the Damsels couer themselues with the skinnes of wild beasts The people differ much one from another in their Garments There is not any Lord or Cazique among them and all they who are of one Family and stocke goe together Two sorts of Languages dwell there one of them that are called Capoques and the other Han they haue a custome that if at any time they see such as they know they stand halfe an houre lamenting before they speake and after that he that is visited ariseth first and giueth vnto the other whatsoeuer hee possesseth and he receiueth it and a little after he goeth away with that Garment and
engraue an awe of himself in the hearts of all the peoples of that Countrie Another time the Captaine commanded to take an oathe of the Spaniards to wit how many euery one had in his seruice of the Caciques and principall Lords and Indians of the meaner sort that incontinent they should be brought to the most open place of the Citie where he commanded that they should be beheaded thus were there at that time put to death foure or fiue hundred soules Moreouer these witnesses depose concerning another of the pettie tyrants that he had exercised great cruelties in slaying and chopping off the hands and noses of many persons aswell men as women and destroying very much people Another time the Captaine sent the selfe same cruell man with certaine Spaniards into the Prouince of Bogata to be informed by the inhabitants what Lord it was that was successour vnto the chiefe Lord whom hee had made to die that cruell death in those torments spoken of before Who running along the Countrie throughout many places tooke as many Indians as he could come by And for that he could not learne of them what he was that succeeded that Lord he mangled off some hands he bid cast others men and women vnto hungrie Mastiues who rend them in peeces And in this manner haue beene destroyed very many Indians and Indesses One time at the fourth watch of the night he went to ouerrun Caciques or Gouernours of the land with many of the Indians which were in peace and held themselues assured for he had giuen them his faith and assurance that they should receiue no harme nor damage vpon credit whereof they were come forth of their holes in the Mountaines where they had beene hid to people Plaine in the which stood their Citie thus being common without suspition and trusting the assurance made he tooke a great number as well men as women and commanded to hold out their hands stretched against the ground and himselfe with a woodknife cut off their hands telling them that he did on them this chastisement for that they would not confesse where their new Lord was which had succeeded in the charge of gouernment of the Realme Another time for that the Indians gaue him not a coffer full of Gold that this cruell Captaine required them he sent men to warre vpon them who cut off the hands and noses of men and women without number They cast others before their dogs being hunger bitten and vsed to the feare of feeding on flesh the which dispatched and deuoured Another time the Indians of that Realme perceiuing that the Spaniards had burnt three or foure of their principall Lords they fled for feare vp into a Mountaine from whence they might defend themselues against their enemies so estranged from all humanitie There were of them by the testimonie of the witnesses foure or fiue Indians This aboue said Captaine sent a great and notable tyrant which exceeded farre most of those to whom he had giuen the charge to ransacke and waste together with a certaine number of Spaniards to the end that they should chastise the Indian rebels as they would seeme to make them for that they were fled from a pestilence and slaughter so intollerable Well so it is that the Spanish by force preuailed to get vp to the Mountaine for the Indians were naked without weapons And the Spaniards cryed peace vnto the Indians assuring them that they would doe them no harme and that they of their parts should not warre any longer Streight way as the Indians stinted from their owne defence the vile cruell man sent to the Spaniards to take the forts of the Mountaine and when they should get them to enclose within them the Indians They set then like vnto Tygers and Lyons vpon these lambes so meeke and put them to the edge of the sword so long that they were faine to breath and rest themselues And after hauing rested a certaine season the Captaine commanded that they should kill and cast downe from the Mountaine which was very high the residue that were aliue which was done And these witnesses say that they saw as it were a could of Indians cast downe from the Mountaine to the number by estimation of seuen hundred men together where they fell battered to peeces And to atchieue all his great crueltie they searched all the Indians that were hid amongst the bushes and he commanded to cut off their heads at blockes ends and so they slue them and cast them downe the Mountaines yet could not he content himselfe with those said things so cruell but that he would make himselfe a little better knowne augmenting his horrible sinnes when as he commanded that all the Indians men and women which some priuate persons had taken aliue for euery one in those massaeres is accustomed to cull out some one or other mankinde and womankinde to the end to become his seruants should be put into a strawen house sauing and reseruing those which seemed necessary to be employed in their seruice and that there should be put to fire thus were there burned fortie or fiftie Hee caused the rest to be flong to the carrion dogs which rend them in peeces and deuoured them Another time the selfe same tyrant went to a Citie called Cotta and tooke there a number of Indians and caused to be dismembred by his dogges a fifteene or twenty Lords of the principall and cut the hands of a great multitude of men and women which said hands he hanged one by another on a pole to the end the other Indians might see that which hee had done vnto them There were so hanged one by another threescore and ten paire of hands Hee slised off besides from many women and children their noses No creature liuing and reasonable is able to decipher the mischiefes and cruell dealing of this fellow enemy of God For they are without number neuer otherwise heard of nor seene those I meane which hee hath done in the land of Guatimala and all about where he hath become The witnesses say for a surcharge that the cruell dealings and slaughters which haue beene committed and are yet in the said Realme of new Grenado by the Captaines themselues in person and by their consents giuen vnto all the other tyrants wasters and weeders of the nature of man which were in his company and the which hath laid all the Countrie wilde and waste are such and so excessiue that if his Maiestie doe not take some order therein in some time albeit that the slaughter and discomfiture of the Indians is done onely to bereaue them of their Gold the which they haue none of for they haue surrendred all that which they had they will in a short time make an end of them so in such sort that there will be no more Indians to inhabit the land but that it will remaine in a wildernesse without being manured There are other great Prouinces which bound vpon the said Realme of new
hornes and are feathered very artificially Pasphia was as good as his word for hee sent Venison but the Sawse came within few dayes after At Port Cotage in our Voyage vp the Riuer we saw a Sauage Boy about the age of ten yeeres which had a head of haire of a perfect yellow and a reasonable white skinne which is a Miracle amongst all Sauages This Riuer which wee haue discouered is one of the famousest Riuers that euer was found by any Christian it ebbes and flowes a hundred and threescore miles where ships of great burthen may harbour in safetie Wheresoeuer we landed vpon this Riuer wee saw the goodliest Woods as Beech Oke Cedar Cypresse Wal-nuts Sassafras and Vines in great abundance which hang in great clusters on many Trees and other Trees vnknowne and all the grounds bespred with many sweet and delicate flowres of diuers colours and kindes There are also many fruites as Strawberries Mulberries Rasberries and Fruits vnknowne there are many branches of this Riuer which runne flowing through the Woods with great plentie of fish of all kindes as for Sturgeon all the World cannot be compared to it In this Countrey I haue seene many great and large Medowes hauing excellent good pasture for any Cattle There is also great store of Deere both Red and Fallow There are Beares Foxes Otters Beuers Muskats and wild beasts vnknowne The foure and twentieth day wee set vp a Crosse at the head of this Riuer naming it Kings Riuer where we proclaimed Iames King of England to haue the most right vnto it When wee had finished and set vp our Crosse we shipt our men and made for Iames Fort. By the way wee came to Pohatans Towre where the Captaine went on shore suffering none to goe with him hee presented the Commander of this place with a Hatchet which hee tooke ioyfully and was well pleased But yet the Sauages murmured at our planting in the Countrie whereupon this Werowance made answere againe very wisely of a Sauage Why should you bee offended with them as long as they hurt you not nor take any thing away by force they take but a little waste ground which doth you not any of vs any good I saw Bread made by their women which doe all their drugerie The men takes their pleasure in hunting and their warres which they are in continually one Kingdome against another The manner of baking of bread is thus after they pound their wheat into flowre with hote water they make it into paste and worke it into round balls and Cakes then they put it into a pot of seething water when it is sod throughly they lay it on a smooth stone there they harden it as well as in an Ouen There is notice to be taken to know married women from Maids the Maids you shall alwayes see the fore part of their head and sides shauen close the hinder part very long which they tie in a pleate hanging downe to their hips The married women weares their haire all of a length and is tied of that fashion that the Maids are The women kinde in this Countrey doth pounce and race their bodies legges thighes armes and faces with a sharpe Iron which makes a stampe in curious knots and drawes the proportion of Fowles Fish or Beasts then with paintings of sundry liuely colours they rub it into the stampe which will neuer be taken away because it is dried into the flesh where it is sered The Sauages beare their yeeres well for when wee were at Pamonkies wee saw a Sauage by their report was aboue eight score yeeres of age His eyes were sunke into his head hauing neuer a tooth in his mouth his haire all gray with a reasonable bigge beard which was as white as any snow It is a Miracle to see a Sauage haue any haire on their faces I neuer saw read nor heard any haue the like before This Sauage was as lustie and went as fast as any of vs which was strange to behold The fifteenth day of Iune we had built and finished our Fort which was triangle wise hauing three Bulwarkes at euery corner like a halfe Moone and foure or fiue pieces of Artillerie mounted in them we had made our selues sufficiently strong for these Sauages we had also sowne most of our Corne on two Mountaines it sprang a mans height from the ground this Countrey is a fruitfull soile bearing many goodly and fruitfull Trees as Mulberries Cherries Walnuts Ceders Cypresse Sassafras and Vines in great abundance Munday the two and twentieâ—h of Iune in the morning Captaine Newport in the Admirall departed from Iames Port for England Captaine Newport being gone for England leauing vs one hundred and foure persons verie bare and scantie of victualls furthermore in warres and in danger of the Sauages We hoped after a supply which Captaine Newport promised within twentie weekes But if the beginners of this action doe carefully further vs the Country being so fruitfull it would be as great a profit to the Realme of England as the Indies to the King of Spaine if this Riuer which wee haue found had beene discouered in the time of warre with Spaine it would haue beene a commoditie to our Realme and a great annoyance to our enemies The seuen and twentieth of Iuly the King of Rapahanna demanded a Canoa which was restored lifted vp his hand to the Sunne which they worship as their God besides he laid his hand on his heart that he would be our speciall friend It is a generall rule of these people when they swere by their God which is the Sunne no Christian will keepe their Oath better vpon this promise These people haue a great reuerence to the Sunne aboue all other things at the rising and setting of the same they sit downe lifting vp their hands and eyes to the Sunne making a round Circle on the ground with dried Tobacco then they began to pray making many Deuillish gestures with a Hellish noise foming at the mouth staring with their eyes wagging their heads and hands in such a fashion and deformitie as it was monstrous to behold The sixt of August there died Iohn Asbie of the bloudie Flixe The ninth day died George Flowre of the swelling The tenth day died William Bruster Gentleman of a wound giuen by the Sauages and was buried the eleuenth day The fourteenth day Ierome Alikock Ancient died of a wound the same day Francis Mid-winter Edward Moris Corporall died suddenly The fifteenth day their died Edward Browne and Stephen Galthrope The sixteenth day their died Thomas Gower Gentleman The seuenteenth day their died Thomas Mounslic The eighteenth day there died Robert Penniugton and Iohn Martine Gentleman The nineteenth day died Drue Piggase Gentleman The two and twentieth day of August there died Captaine Bartholomew Gosnold one of our Councell he was honourably buried hauing all the Ordnance in the Fort shot off with many vollies of small shot After
either some part of Commada some great Lake or some inlet of some Sea that falleth into the South Sea These Massawomekes are a great Nation and very populous For the heads of all those Riuers especially the Pattawomekes the Pautuxuntes the Sasquesahanoks the Tockwoughes are continually tormented by them of whose cruelty they generally complained and very importunate they were with Captaine Smith and his company to free them from these tormentors To this purpose they offered food conduct assistance and continuall subiection which hee concluded to effect But the councell then present emulating his successe would not thinke it fit to spare him forty men to be hazarded in those vnknowne Regions hauing passed as before was spoken of but with twelue and so was lost that opportunity Seuen Boates full of these Massawomekes the discouerers encountred at the head of the Bay whose Targets Baskets Swords Tobaccopipes Platters Bowes and Arrowes and euery thing shewed they much exceeded them of our parts and their dexteritie in their small Boates made of the barkes of trees sowed with barke and well luted with gum argueth that they are seated vpon some great water Against all these enemies the Powhatans are constrained sometimes to fight Their chiefe attempts are by Stratagems trecheries or surprisals Yet the Werowances women and children they put not to death but keepe them Captiues They haue a method in warre and for our pleasures they shewed it vs and it was in this manner performed at Mattapanient Hauing painted and disguised themselues in the fiercest manner they could deuise They diuided themselues into two Companies neere a hundred in a Company The one company called Monacans the other Powhatans Either army had their Captaine These as enemies tooke their stands a Musket shot one from another ranked themselues fifteene a brest and each ranke from another foure or fiue yards not in fyle but in the opening betwixt their fyles So as the Reare could shoote as conueniently as the Front Hauing thus pitched the fields from either part went a Messenger with these conditions that whosoeuer were vanquished such as escape vpon their submission in two daies after shall liue but their wiues and children should he prize for the Conquerours The Messengers were no sooner returned but they approached in their orders On each flanke a Sarieant and in the Reare an officer for Lieutenant all duely keeping their orders yet leaping and singing after their accustomed tune which they vse onely in wars Vpon the first flight of Arrowes they gaue such horrible shouts and screeches as so many infernall helhounds could not haue made them more terrible When they had spent their Arrowes they ioyned together prettily charging and retiring euery ranke seconding other As they got aduantage they catched their enemies by the haire of the head down he came that was taken his enemy with his wodden Sword seemed to beate out his braines and still they crept to the Reare to maintaine the skirmish The Monacans decreasing the Powhatans charged them in the forme of a halfe Moon they vnwilling to be inclosed fled all in a troope to their Ambuscadoes on whom they led them very cunningly The Monacans disperse themselues among the fresh men whereupon the Powhatans retired with all speede to their seconds which the Monacans seeing tooke that aduantage to retire againe to their owne battell and so each returned to their owne quarter All their actions voices and gestures both in charging and retiring were so strained to the height of their quallitie and nature that the strangenesse thereof made it seeme very delightfull For their musicke they vse a thicke Cane on which they pipe as on a Recorder For their warres they haue a great deepe platter of wood They couer the mouth thereof with a skin at each corner they tie a Walnut which meeting on the backeside neere to the bottome with a small rope they twitch them together till it be so tough and stiffe that they may beate vpon it as vpon a Drum But their chiefe instruments are Rattels made of small gourds or Pumpions shels Of these they haue Base Tenor Countertenor Meare and Trible These mingled with their voyces sometimes twenty or thirty together make such a terrible noise as would rather affright then delight any man If any great Commander arriue at the habitation of a Werowance they spread a Mat as the Turkes doe a Carpet for him to sit vpon Vpon another right opposite they sit themselues Then doe all with a tunable voice of showting â—â—d him welcome After this doe two or more of their chiefest men make an Oration testifying their loue which they doe with such vehemency and so great passions that they sweate till they drop and are so out of breath they can scarce speake so that a man would take them to be ex 〈…〉 ding angry or starke mad Such victuall as they haue they spend freely and at night where hâ—s lodging is appointed they set a woman fresh painted red with Pocones and Oile to be his bedfellow Their manner of trading is for Copper Beades and such like for which they giue such commodities as they haue as Skins Fowle Fish Flesh and their Countrie Corne. But their victuall is their chiefest riches Euery spring they make themselues sicke with drinking the iuice of a roote they call Wighsacan and water whereof they powre so great a quantity that it purgeth them in a very violent manner so that in three or foure daies after they scarce recouer their former health Sometimes they are troubled with dropsies swellings aches and such like diseases for cure whereof they build a stone in the forme of a Douehouse with mats so close that a few coales therein couered with a pot will make the patient sweate extreamely For swellings also they vse small peeces of touchwood in the forme of cloues which pricking on the griefe they burne close to the flesh and from thence draw the corruption with their mouth With this root Wighsacan they ordinarily heale greene wounds But to scarrifie a swelling or make incision their best instruments are some splinted stone Old vlcers or putrified hurts are seldome seene cured amongst them They haue many professed Physitians who with their charmes and Rattels with an infernall rowt of words and actions will seeme to sucke their inward griefe from their nauels or their grieued places but of our Chirurgians they were so conceited that they beleeued any Plaister would heale any hurt Of their Religion There is yet in Uirginia no place discouered to be so Sauage in which the Sauages haue not a Religion Deere and Bow and Arrowes All things that were able to doe them hurt beyond their preuention they adore with their kinde of diuine worship as the fire water lightning thunder our ordnance peeces horses c. But their chiefe God they worship is the Diuell him they call Oke and serue him more of feare then loue They
say they haue conference with him and fashion themselues as neere to his shape as they can imagine In their Temples they haue his image euilfauouredly carued and then painted and adorned with Chaines Copper and Beads and couered with a skin in such manner as the deformitie may well suite with such a God By him is commonly the sepulcher of their Kings Their bodies are first bowelled then dried vpon hurdles till they be very dry and so about the most of their ioints and necke they hang Bracelets or Chaines of Copper Pearle and such like as they vse to weare their inwards they stuffe with Copper Beads and couered with a Skin Hatchets and such trash Then lap they them very carefully in white Skins and so rowle them in mats for their winding-sheetes And in the Tombe which is an arch made of Mats they lay them orderly What remaineth of this kinde of wealth their Kings haue they set at their feete in baskets These Temples and bodies are kept by their Priests For their ordinary burials they dig a deepe hole in the earth with sharpe stakes and the corpes being lapped in Skins and Mats with their Iewels they lay them vpon sticks in the ground and so couer them with earth The buriall ended the women being painted all their faces with black cole and oyle doe sit foure and twenty houres in the houses mourning and lamenting by turnes with such yelling and howling as may expresse their great passions In euery Territory of a Werowance is a Temple and a Priest two or three or more Their principall Temple or place of superstition is at Vitamussack at Pamavuke neere vnto which is a house temple or place of Powhatans Vpon the top of certain red sandy hils in the woods there are three great houses filled with images of their Kings and Diuels Tombes of their Predecessors Those houses are neere sixty foot in length built arbot-wise after their building This place they count so holy as that none but the Priests and Kings dare come into them nor the Sauages dare not goe vp the Riuer in Boates by it but that they solemnly cast some peece of Popper white Beads or Pocones into the Riuer for feare their Oke should be offended and reuenged of them In this place commonly are resident seuen Priests The chiefe differed from the rest in his ornaments but inferior Priests could hardly be knowne from the common people but that they had not so many holes in their eares to hang their Iewels at The ornament of the chiefe Priest were certaine attires for his head made thus They tooke a dosen or sixteene or more Snake skins and stuffed them with mosse of Weesels and other vermine skins a good many All these they tye by their tailes so as all their tailes meete in the top of their head like a great Tassell Round about this Tassell is as it were a cown of feathers the skins hang round about his head necke and shoulders and in a manner couer his face The faces of all their Priests are painted as vgly as they can deuise in their hands they had euery one his Rattell some base some smaller Their deuotion was most in Songs which the chiefe Priest beginneth and the rest followed him sometimes he maketh inuocations with broken sentences by starts and strange passions and at euery pause the rest giue a short groane It could not be perceiued that they keepe any day as more holy then other but onely in some great distresse of want feare of enemies times of triumph and gathering together their fruits the whole Country of men women and children come together to solemnities The manner of their deuotion is sometimes to make a great fire in the house or fields and all to sing and dance about it with Rattles and shouts together foure or fiue houres Sometime they set a man in the midst and about him they dance and sing he all the while clapping his hands if he would keepe time and after their songs and dancings ended they goe to their Feasts They haue also diuers coniurations one they made when Captaine Smith was their prisoner as they reported to know if any more of his Country-men would arriue there and what hee there intended The manner of it followeth in his story They haue also certaine Altar stones they call Pawcorances but these stand from their Temples some by there houses others in the Woods and Wildernesses Where they haue had any extraordinary accident or incounter As you trauell by them they will tell you the cause of their erection wherein they instruct their children so that they are in stead of Records and memorialls of their Antiquities Vpon this they offer bloud Deare suet and Tobacco These they doe when they returne from the warres from hunting and vpon many other occasions They haue also another superstition that they vse in stormes when the waters are rough in the Riuers and Sea Coasts Their Coniurers runne to the water sides or passing in their Boats after many hellish outcries and inuocations they cast Tobacco Copper Pocones or such trash into the water to pacifie that God whom they thinke to be very angry in those stormes Before their dinners and suppers the better sort will take the first bit and cast it in the fire which is all the grace they are knowne to vse Euery Nation in seuen or ten yeeres vseth a kind of solemnity Such a one was at Quiyoughcohanock some ten miles from Iames Towne and thus performed Fifteene of the properest young Boyes betweene ten and fifteene yeeres of age they painted white Hauing brought them forth the people spent the forenoone in dancing and singing about them with Rattles In the afternoone they put those children to the root of the tree By them all the men stood in a gard euery one hauing a Bastinado in his hand made of Reeds bound together This made a lane betweene them all along through which there were appointed fiue young men to fetch these children so euerie one of the fiue went through the guard to fetch a child each after other by turnes the guard fearlesly beating them with the Bastinadoes and they patiently enduring and receiuing all defending the children with their naked bodies from the vnmercifull blowes that pay them soundly though the children escape All this while the women weepe and cry out verie passionately prouiding Mats Skins Mosse and drie Wood as things fitting their childrens Funeralls After the children were thus passed the guard tore downe the trees branches and boughs with such violence that they rent the bodie and made wreathes for their heads or bedecked their haire with leaues What else was done with the children was not seene but they were all cast on a heape in a Valley as dead where they made a great feast for all the company The Werowance being demanded the meaning of this sacrifice answered That the children were not
all dead but the next day they were to drinke Wighsakon which would make them mad and they were to bee kept by the last made Blacke boyes in the wildernesse where their Oke did sucke the bloud of those which fell to his lot The truth is as I thinke that many die with the misery which they endure For they lye in all weathers in a little houell naked and they seldome speake or keepe company with any but their Keepers whom they obey so that if they be bidden sit on the frozen snow they will not rise till they be called And if they bid them goe take Fish Flesh or Corne from their mothers or else they are Old me this word is so terrible that they will teare their mothers throat but they will haue it yea it nakes them do whatsoeuer they are commanded and much mischiefe they often doe to such as they find stragling Yet hurt they not each other They continue thus nine months Then are diuers platters of broth set of which some are poysoned and he whose diuination finds out the poysoned is much esteemed and made a Quiyoughcosuck These are the degrees to become Priests or Coniurers This sacrifice they held to be so necessary that if they should omit it their Oke or Deuil and all their other Quiyoughcosughes which are there other Gods would let them haue no Deare Turkies Corne nor Fish and yet besides be would make a great slaughter amongst them They thinke that their Werowances and Priests which they also esteeme Quiyoughcosughes when they are dead goe beyond the Mountaines towards the setting of the Sunne and euer remaine there in forme of their Oke with their heads painted with Oile and Pocones finely trimmed with Feathers and shall haue Beades Hatchets Copper and Tobacco doing nothing but dance and sing with all their Predecessors But the common people they suppose shall not liue after death To diuert them from this blind Idolatry many vsed there best endeauours chiefly with the Werowances of Quiyoughcohanock whose deuotion apprehension and good disposition much exceeded any in those Countries whom though wee could not as yet preuaile withall to forsake his false Gods yet this he did beleeue that our God as much exceeded theirs as our Gunnes did their Bowes and Arrowes and many times did send to the President at Iames Towne men with Presents intreating them to pray to his God for Raine for his Gods would not send him any And in this lamentable ignorance doe these poore soules sacrifice themselues to the Deuill not knowing their Creator Of the manner of the Virginians Gouernment Although the Countrey people be very barbarous yet haue they amongst them such gouernment as that their Magistrates for good commanding and their people for due subiection and obeying excell many places that would be counted verie ciuill The forme of their Common-wealth is a Monarchiall gouernment one as Emperour ruleth ouer many Kings or Gouernours Their chiefe Ruler is called Powhatan and taketh his name of the principall place of dwelling called Powhatan But his proper name is Wahunsonacock Some Countries hee hath which haue beene his Ancestors and came vnto him by Inheritance as the Countrie called Powhatan Arrohateck Appamatuke Pamavuke Youghtanud and Mattapanient All the rest of his Territories expressed in the Map they report haue beene his seuerall conquests In all his ancient Inheritances hee hath houses built after their manner like arbours some thirtie some fortie yards long and at euerie house prouision for his entertainment according to the time At Werowcomoco hee was seated vpon the Northside of the Riuer Pamavuke some fourteene miles from Iames Towne where for the most part hee was resident but hee tooke so little pleasure in our neere neighbourhood that were able to visit him against his will in sixe or seuen houres that he retired himselfe to a place in the Desarts at the top of the Riuer Chickahamania betweene Toughtanund and Powhatan His habitation is called Orapacks where he ordinarily now resideth He is of parsonage a tall well proportioned man with a sower looke his head somewhat gray his beard so thin that it seemeth none at all his age neere sixtie of a verie able and hardie bodie to endure any labour About his person ordinarily attendeth a guard of fortie or fiftie of the tallest men his Countrie doth afford Euerie night vpon the foure quarters of his house are foure Sentinels each standing from other a flight shoot and at euery halfe houre one from the Corps due guard doth hollow vnto whom euerie Sentinell doth answere round from his stand if any faile they presently send forth an officer that beateth him extreamely A mile from Orapakes in a thicket of Wood hee hath a house in which hee keepeth his kind of Treasure as Skins Copper Pearle and Beads which he storeth vp against the time of his death and buriall Here also is store of Red paint for ointment and Bowes and Arrowes This house is fiftie or sixtie yards in length frequented onely by Priests At the foure corners of this house stand foure Images as Sentinels one of a Dragon another a Beare the third like a Leopard and the fourth like a Giant-like man all made euill-fauor'dly according to their best workmanship He hath as many women as he will whereof when he lieth on his bed one sitteth at his head and another at his feet but when he sitteth one sitteth on his right hand another on his left As he is weary of his women he bestoweth them on those that best deserue them at his hands When he dineth or suppeth one of his women before and after meat bringeth him water in a woodden Platter to wash his hands Another waiteth with a bunch of Feathers to wipe them insteed of a Towell and the Feathers when he hath wiped are dried againe His Kingdome descendeth not to his sonnes nor children but first to his brethren whereof hee hath three namely Opitchapan Opechancanough and Catataugh and after their decease to his sisters First to the eldest sister then to the rest and after them to the heire male and female of the eldest sister but neuer to the heires of the males Hee nor any of his people vnderstand any letters whereby to write or read onely the Lawes whereby he ruleth is Custome Yet when hee listeth his will is a law and must be obeyed not only as a King but as halfe a God they esteeme him His inferiour Kings whom they call Werowances are tied to rule by customes and haue power of life and death as their command in that nature But this word Werowance which we call and conster for a King is a common word whereby they call all Commanders for they haue but few words in their language and but few occasions to vse any officers more then one Commander which commonly they call Werowances They all know their seuerall lands and habitations and limits to fish fowle or hunt
in but they hold all of their great Werowance Powhatan vnto whom they pay tribute of Skins Beads Copper Pearle Deare Turkies wild Beasts and Corne. What hee commandeth they dare not disobey in the least thing It is strange to see with what great feare adoration all these people do obey this Powhatan For at his feet they present whatsoeuer hee commandeth at the least frowne of his brow their greatest spirits will tremble with feare and no maruell for hee is very terrible and tyrannous in punishing such as offend him For example hee caused certaine malefactors to bee bound hand and foot then hauing many fires gathering great store of burning coles they rake these coles round in the forme of a cock-pit and in the midst they cast the offenders to broyle to death Somtimes hee causeth the heads of them that offend him to bee laid vpon the altar or sacrificing stone and one with clubs beat out their braines When he would punish any notorious enemy or malefactor hee causeth him to bee tied to a tree and with Muscle shels or Reeds the executioner cutteth off his ioynts one after another euer casting what they cut off into the fire then doth hee proceed with S 〈…〉 els and Reeds to case the skin from his head and face then doe they rip his belly and so burne him with the tree and all Thus themselues reported they executed George Cassen Their ordinary correction is to beat them with cudgels Wee haue seene a man kneeling on his knees and at Powhatans command two men haue beat him on the bare skin till hee hath fallen senselesse in a sound and yet neuer cry nor complained In the yeere 1608 he surprised the people of Payankatank his neere neighbours and subiects The occasion was to vs vnknowne but the manner was thus First he sent diuers of his men to lodge amongst them that night then the Ambusacodes inuironed all their houses and at the hour appointed they all fel to the spoile twenty foure men they slew the long haire of their one side of their heads with the skinne cased off with shels or reeds they brought away They surprised also the women the children and the Werowance All these they present to Powhatan The Werowance women and children became his prisoners and doe him seruice The lockes of haire with their skins he hanged on a line vnto two trees And thus hee made ostentation of as great a triumph at Werowocomoco shewing them to the English men that then came vnto him at his appoitment they expecting prouision he to betray them supposed to halfe conquer them by this spectacle of his terrible crueltie And this is as much as my memory can call to mind worthy of note which I haue purposely collected to satisfie my friends of the true worth and qualitie of Virginia Yet some bad natures will not stick to slander the Countrey that will slouenly spit at all things especially in company where they can find none to contradict them Who though they were scarce euer ten miles from Iames Towne or at the most but at the Falls yet holding it a great disgrace that amongst so much action their actions were nothing exclaime of all things though they neuer aduentured to know any thing nor euer did any thing but deuoure the fruits of other mens labours Being for most part of such tender educations and small experience in martiall accidents because they found not English Cities nor such faire houses nor at their owne wishes any of their accustomed dainties with Feather-beds and Down-pillowes Tauernes and Ale-houses in euery breathing place neither such plentie of Gold and Siluer and dissolute libertie as they expected had little or no care of any thing but to pamper their bellies to fly away with our Pinnaces or procure their meanes to returne for England For the Countrey was to them a misery a ruine a death a hell their reports here and their owne actions were there according Some other there were that had yeerely stipends to passe to and againe for transportation who to keepe the mystery of the businesse in themselues though they had neither time nor meanes to know much of themselues yet all mens actions or relations they so formally tuned to the temporizing times simplicitie as they could make their ignorances seeme much more then all the true actors could by their experience And those with their great wordes deluded the world with such strange promises as abused the businesse much worse then the rest For the businesse being builded vpon the foundation of their fained experience the planters the Money Tin and meanes haue still miscarried yet they euer returning and the Planters so farre absent who could contradict their excuses which still to maintaine their vain-glory and estimation from time to time they haue vsed such diligence as made them passe for truths though nothing more false And that the aduenturers might be thus abused let no man wonder for the wisest liuing is soonest abused by him that hath a faire tongue and a dissembling heart There were many in Virginia meerely proiecting verball and idle contemplators and those so deuoted to pure idlenesse that though they had liued two or three yeeres in Virginia lordly necessitie it selfe could not compel them to passe the Pninsula or Pallisadoes of Iames Town those wittie spirits what would they not affirme in the behalfe of our transporters to get victuall from their ships or obtaine their good words in England to their passes Thus the clamors and the ignorance of false informers are sprung those disasters that sprung in Virginia and our ingenious Verbalists were no lesse plague to vs in Virginia then the Locusts to the Egyptians For the labour of thirtie of the best only preserued in Christianitie by their industry the idle liuers of neere two hundred of the rest who liuing neere ten months of such naturall meanes as the Countrey naturally of it selfe afforded notwithstanding all this and the worst fury of the Sauages the extremitie of sicknesse mutinies faction ignorances and want of victuall in all that time I lost but seuen or eight men yet subiected the Sauages to our desired obedience and receiued contribution from fiue and thirtie of their Kings to protect and assist them against any that should assault them in which order they continued true and faithfull and as subiects to his Maiestie so long after as I did gouerne there vntill I left the Countrey since how they haue reuolted the Countrey lost and againe replanted and the businesses haue succeeded from time to time I refer you to the relations of them returned from Virginia that haue beene more diligent in such obseruations gathered out of the Writings of diuers of that Plantation by Doctor William Simons CHAP. IIII. The proceedings of the English Colony in Virginia taken faithfully out of the writings of THOMAS STVDLY Cape-Merchant ANAS TODKILL Doctor RVSSELL NATHANIEL POWELL WILLIAM PHETIPLACE and RICHARD POT
c. In his returne hee discouered and kindly traded with the Weraskoyks in the meane time those at the Fort so glutted the Sauages with their commodities as they became not regarded Smith perceiuing notwithstanding their late misery not any regarded but from hand to mouth the company being well recouered caused the Pinnace to bee prouided with things fitting to get prouision for the yeere following but in the interim he made three or foure iournyes and discouered the people of Chickahamine yet what hee carefully prouided the rest carelesly spent Wingfield and Kendall liuing in disgrace seeing all things at randome in the absence of Smith The Companies dislike of their Presidents weaknesse and their small loue to Martins neuer-mending sicknesse strengthened themselues with the Sailers and other confederates to regaine their former credit and authoritie or at least such meanes aboard the Pinnace being fitted to saile as Smith had appointed for trade to alter her course and to goe for England Smith vnexpectedly returning had the plot discouered vnto him much trouble hee had to preuent it till with store of Fauken and Musket shot hee forced them to stay or sinke in the Riuer which action cost the life of Captaine Kendall The President and Captaine Archer not long after intended also to haue abandoned the Countrey which proiect also was curbed and suppressed by Smith And now the Winter approaching the Riuers became so couered with Swans Geese Ducks and Cranes that wee daily feasted with good Bread Virginia Pease Pumpions and Putchamins Fish Fowle and diuers sorts of wild Beasts as fat as wee could eate them so that none of our Tuftaffatie humorists desired to goe for England But our Comaedies neuer endured long without a Tragedie some idle exceptions being muttered against Captaine Smith for not discouering the head of Chickahamine riuer taxed by the Councel to be too slow in so worthy an attempt The next voyage hee proceeded so far that with much labour by cutting off Trees in sunder hee made his passage but when his Barge could passe no farther hee left her in a broad Bay out of danger of shot commanding none should goe ashoare till his returne himselfe with two English and two Sauages went vp higher in a Canowe but hee was not long absent but his men went ashoare whose want of gouernment gaue both occasion and opportunity to the Sauages to surprize one George Casson and much failed not to haue cut off the Boate and all the rest The Sauages hauing drawne from George Casson whither Captaine Smith was gone followed him with three hundred Bowmen conducted by Opechankanough the King of Pamaunke who searching the diuisions of the Riuer found Robinson and Emery by the fire side whom they shot full of Arrowes and slew Smith being assaulted slew three of them and so galled the rest that they would not come neere he vsed the Sauage his guide as a shield hauing bound him to his arme with his garters and thinking to haue recouered his Boate hauing more eye to them in his march then to his way he slipped vp to the middle in an ozie creeke and his Sauage with him yet durst they not come to him till he threw away his armes being neere dead with cold Then according to composition they drew him forth and led him to the fire where his men were slaine Diligently they chafed his benummed limbes and he gaue Opechankanough a round Iuory double compassed Diall They much maruelled at the playing of the flye which they could see and not touch by reason of the Glasse couer but when he had read a Cosmographicall lecture to them of the Skies Earth Day and night with the varietie of Nations and such like they were all amazed notwithstanding which sudden wonder they tide him to a tree within an houre after as many as could stand about him prepard their fatall Arrowes to his death which were all laid downe when Opechankanough held vp the said Diall and they led him in a kinde of triumph to Oropaxe Their order was this drawing themselues all in file the King in the midst had all their Peeces and Swords borne before him Captaine Smith was led after him by three great lubbers holding him fast on each side went six in file with their Arrowes nocked When they arriued at the Towne which was of thirty or forty hunting houses made of Mats remoued at pleasure as Tents with vs the women and children came to stare on him the Souldiers in file had their Sargiants to keepe them in order A good while they thus continued and then cast themselues into a ring dancing in seuerall postures and singing hellish noates strangely painted each hauing his Quiuer of Arrowes and at his backe a Clubbe on his arme a Foxes or Otters Skinne for his vambrace their heads and shoulders painted red with Oyle and Pocones mingled together his Bowe in his hand and the Skinne of a Bird with her wings abroad dried tied on his head with a peece of Copper a white Shell a long Fether and a small Rattle growing at the taile of their Snakes or some such toy fastened thereto All this while Smith stood with the King guarded in the midst till three dances being done they departed Then did they conduct Smith to along house where thirty or forty men guarded him and soone after was brought more Bread and Venison then would haue serued twenty what he left they put in Baskets and tied ouer his head which about midnight they againe set before him none of them eating ought with him till hauing brought as much more the next morning they did eate the old and reserued the new in like manner Hee thought they intended to fat and eate him One Maocassater in requitall of Beads which he had giuen him brought him his Gowne to defend him from the cold Another was possessed with a contrary humour and would haue slaine him for the death of his sonne had not the guard preuented to him yet breathing his last they brought him to recouer him Smith told them that at Iames Towne he had a water that would doe it if they would let him fetch it But they prepared to assault Iames Towne promising him liberty and women if he would assist them In part of a Table Booke he writ his minde to those which were at the Fort that they should send such things mentioned They went in bitter weather for Frost and Snow and seeing men sally out as he had before told them they fled but comming againe in the night to the place which he had appointed for an answer they found things ready and speedily returned as if either he had diuined or the paper had spoken After this they led him to the Youghtanunds the Matapanients the Payankatiks the Nantaughtacunds the Onanmanients vpon the Riuers of Rapahanocke and Patanomecke and backe againe by diuers other Nations to the Kings habitation at Pamaunk where they
entertained him with strange coniurations Earely in a morning a great fire was made in a long house a Mat spred on each side on one of which he was set the guard went out and in came a great grim fellow skipping all painted with cole mingled with Oyle many Snakes and Weesels skins stuffed with Mosse their tailes tied together and meeting on the crowne of his head round about the tassell was a coronet of Fethers the skins hung round about his head shoulders backe and face With a hellish voyce strange gestures and passions with a Rattle in his hand hee began his inuocation and enuironed the fire with a circle of Meale After this three such other diuels rushed in with like trickes painted halfe blacke halfe red all their eyes painted white with some red stroakes along their cheekes These hauing danced a prettie while three more came in as vgly as the rest with red eyes and white stroakes ouer their blacke faces At last they all sat downe right against him the chiefe Priest in the midst and three on each hand All then with their Rattles began a song which ended the chiefe Priest laid downe fiue Wheate cornes and straining his armes and hand with such violence that he swet and his veines swelled hee began a short Oration at the conclusion whereof they gaue a short groane and then laid downe three graiues more Now they began their Song againe and then another Oration euer laying downe so many cornes as before till they had twice encircled the fire That done they take a bunch of little stickes prepared for that purpose and at the end of euery Song and Oration laid downe a sticke betwixt the diuisions of the Corne. Till night neither he nor they did eate or drinke and then they feasted merrily with their best prouisions Three dayes they vsed this Ceremonie thereby to know as they said whether hee intended them well or no. The circle of meale signified their Countrey the two circles of Corne the Sea-bounds and the stickes his Countrey They imagined the World to be flat and round like a trencher and themselues in the midst After this they brought him a bigge of Powder which they carefully preserued till the next spring to plant as they did their Corne because they would be acquainted with the nature of that sâ—ede Opitchapam the Kings brother inuited him to his house where hee welcommed him with as many Platters of Bread Fowle and wilde Beasts as did encompasse him but not any would eate with him reseruing the remainders in Baskets At his returne to Opechankanoughs all the Kings women and their children flocked about him as for their customary due to be merry with such fragments At last they brought him to Werowocomoco to Pohatan where aboue two hundred of his Courtiers stood wondring on him till Pohatan and his traine had put themselues in their greatest brauery Before a fire hee sat on a seate like a bedsted couered with a great robe made of Rarowcun Skinnes all the tailes hanging by on each hand did sit a yong wench of sixteene or eighteene yeeres of age along on each side the house two rowes of men and behinde them as many women with all their heads and shoulders painted red many of their heads bedecked with the white downe of Birds euery one adorned with some thing a great chaine also of white Beades about their neckes At his entrance before the King all the people gaue a great shout The Queene of Appanatucke was appointed to bring water to wash his hands another brought him a bunch of Feathers instead of a Towell to drie them Hauing feasted him in their best manner the held a consultation in conclusion whereof two great stones were brought before Pohatan and as many as could lay hold on him dragged him to them and thereon laid his head being ready with their clubbes to beate out his braines Pocahuntas the Kings dearest Daughter when no intreatie would preuaile got his head into her armes and laid her owne vpon his to saue him from death whereupon the Emperour was contented hee should liue to make him Hatchets and Beads Bels and Copper for her For they thought him like themselues of all occupations the King himselfe making his owne Robes Shooes Bowes Arrowes Pots Planting also Hunting and doing Offices no lesse then the rest Two dayes after Pohatan hauing disguised himselfe in the dreadfullest manner caused Captaine Smith to be brought forth to a great house in the woods and there vpon a Mat by the fire to bee left alone Not long after from behinde a Mat which diuided the house was made the dolefullest noise that euer hee had heard After this Pohatan with twenty more as blacke as himselfe came vnto him and told him that they were now friends and presently hee should goe to Iames Towne to send him two great Gunnes and a Grindstone for which hee would giue him the Countrey of Capahowolick and for euer esteeme hiâ— as his Sonne Nantaquaus Hee sent him thither with twelue guides When they came to the Fort Smith vsed the Sauages kindely and shewed Rawhunt Pohatans trusty seruant two Demiculuerius and a Milstone to carry to Pohatan somewhat too heauie for their carriage But when they saw him discharge them loden with stones on the boughes of a great tree hanging full of isickles the Ice and boughes comming downe with such furie the Sauages were halfe dead with feare and at last returning contented with toies and presents for Pohatan his women and childred This his returning safe to the Port once more staied the Pinnace her flight for England which till his returne could not set saile so extreame was the weather and so great the Frost His relation of the plenty he had seene especially at Werowocomoco where inhabited Powhatan that till that time was vnknowne so reuiued againe their dead spirits as all mens feare was abandoned Powhatan hauing sent with this Captaine diuers of his men loaded with prouision hee had conditioned and so appointed his trustie Messengers to bring but two or three of our great Ordnances but the Messengers being satisfied with the sight of one of them discharged ran away amazed with feare till meanes were vsed with gifts to assure them our loues ALL this time our cares were not so much to abandon the Countrie but the Treasurer and Counsell in England were as diligent and carefull to supply vs. Two tall Shippes they sent vs with neere one hundred men well furnished with all things could be imagined necessary both for them and vs. The one commanded by Captaine Newport the other by Captaine Nelson an honest man and an expert Marriner but such was the leewardnesse of his Ship that though he were within sight of Cape Henry by stormy contrary windes was forced so farre to Sea as the West Indies was the next land for the repaire of his Masts and reliefe of wood and water But Captaine
them will chase almost an hundred men for they account it death for whomsoeuer stand in their way These are highly esteemed of all sorts of people and are of the Sachims Councell without whom they will not warre or vndertake any weightie businesse In warre their Sachims for their more safetie goe in the midst of them They are commonly men of greatest stature and strength and such as will endure most hardnesse and yet are more discreet courteous and humane in their carriages then any amongst them scorning theft lying and the like base dealings and stand as much vpon their reputation as any men And to the end they may haue store of these they traine vp the most forward and likeliest boyes from their child-hood in great hardnesse and make them abstaine from daintie meat obseruing diuers orders prescribed to the end that when they are of age the Deuill may appeare to them causing to drinke the juyce of Sentry and other bitter Hearbs till they cast which they must disgorge into the platter and drinke againe and againe till at length through extraordinary pressing of nature it will seeme to bee all bloud and this the boyes will doe with eagernesse at the first and so continue till by reason of faintnesse they can scarce stand on their legs and then must goe forth into the cold also they beat their shins with sticks and cause them to run through bushes stumps and brambles to make them hardy and acceptable to the Deuill that in time he may appeare vnto them Their Sachims cannot bee all called Kings but onely some few of them to whom the rest resort for protection and pay homage vnto them neither may they warre without their knowledge and approbation yet to be commanded by the greater as occasion serueth Of this sort is Massassowat our friend and Conanacus of Nanohiggenset our supposed enemy Euery Sachim taketh care for the widdow and fatherlesse also for such as are aged and any way maymed if their friends be dead or not able to prouide for them A Sachim will not take any to wife but such an one as is equall to him in birth otherwise they say their seede would in time become ignoble and though they haue many other wiues yet are they no other then concubines or seruants and yeeld a kind of obedience to the principall who ordereth the family and them in it The like their men obserue also and will adhere to the first during their liues but put away the other at their pleasure This Gouernment is successiue and not by choyce If the father dye before the sonne or daughter bee of age then the childe is committed to the protection and tuition of some one amongst them who ruleth in his stead till hee be of age but when that is I know not Euery Sachim knoweth how farre the bounds and limits of his owne Countrey extendeth and that is his owne proper inheritance out or that if any of his men desire land to set their Corne hee giueth them as much as they can vse and sets them in their bounds In this circuit whosoeuer hunteth if any kill any venison bring him his fee which is foure parts of the same if it bee killed on the Land but if in the water then the skin thereof The Great Sachims or Kings know not their owne bounds or limits of land as well as the rest All Trauellers or Strangers for the most part lodge at the Sachims when they come they tell them how long they will stay and to what place they goe during which time they receiue entertainment according to their persons but want not Once a yeere the Pnieses vse to prouoke the people to bestow much Corne on the Sachim To that end they appoint a certaine time and place neere the Sachims dwelling where the people bring many baskets of Corne and make a great stack thereof There the Pnieses stand ready to giue thankes to the people on the Sachims behalfe and after acquainteth the Sachim therewith who fetcheth the same and is no lesse thankfull bestowing many gifts on them When any are visited with sicknesse their friends resort vnto them for their comfort and continue with them oftentimes till their death or recouery If they die they stay a certaine time to mourne for them Night and morning they performe this dutie many daies after the buriall in a most dolefull manner insomuch as though it bee ordinary and the Note Musicall which they take one from another and altogether yet it will draw teares from their eyes and almost from ours also But if they recouer then because their sicknesse was chargeable they send Corne and other gifts vnto them at a certaine appointed time whereat they feast and dance which they call Commoco When they bury the dead they sowe vp the corps in a mat and so put it in the earth If the partie be a Sachim they couer him with many curious mats and bury all his riches with him and inclose the graue with a pale If it bee a childe the father will also put his owne most speciall Iewels and Ornaments in the earth with it also he will cut his haire and disfigure himselfe very much in token of sorrow If it bee the man or woman of the house they will pull downe the mats and leaue the frame standing and bury them in or neere the same and either remoue their dwelling or giue ouer house-keeping The men imploy themselues wholly in hunting and other exercises of the Bow except at some times they take some paine in fishing The women liue a most slauish life they carry all their burdens set and dresse their Corne gather it in and seeke out for much of their food beate and make readie the Corne to eate and haue all houshold care lying vpon them The younger sort reuerence the elder and doe all meane offices whilst they are together although they be strangers Boyes and girles may not weare their haire like men and women but are distinguished thereby A man is not accounted a man till he doe some notable act or shew forth such courage and resolution as becommeth his place The men take much Tobacco but for boyes so to doe they account it odious All their names are significant and variable for when they come to the state of men and women they alter them according to their deeds or dispositions When a maide is taken in marriage shee first cutteth her haire and after weareth a couering on her head till her haire be growne out Their women are diuersly disposed some as modest as they will scarce talke one with another in the company of men being very chaste also yet other some light lasciuious and wanton If a woman haue a bad husband or cannot affect him and there bee warre or opposition betweene that and any other people shee will runne away from him to the contrary partie and there liue where they neuer come
Saâ—ages 1299 Tuquema a Prouince subiect to Peru its seuerall townes of gouernment 1419 Turkes taken by the Spaniards and made Gally-slaues rescued by the English and set at liberty 1933 Turky-stenes in New France 1621 1622 Turneps a remedy against the scurâ—ie 1880 Master Turners relation of Brasile c 1243 Turners relation voyage successe at large 1265 1266 Turtles innumerable 1306 Tutelpinco a forsaken towne in Florida left by the inhabitants and destitute of prouision 1551 Tygers worshipped 1457 V. VAcupa a Prouince in America 1560 Vahuar huacac an Emperour in Peru his acts and conquest hee wept blood at his natiuity 1457 1458 Valenzuola a golden place in America 1419 Valpariso a plaâ—e in the south Sea 1416 Valuation of the voyages of fishing Boats to the coast of New found Land 1886 Varaua a fish in Brasile as big as an Oxe 1239 Vaytacasses a kinde of Sauages 1219 Vbra Riuer 1248 Vcita a towne in Florida its description and commodities 1530 Vela Pampilona an American place 1419 A Venetian ship taken by the English 1906 Venter-hauen a place in the west parts of Ireland 1144 Veragua a towne in the West Indies plenteous of gold 1419. it neuer raines there an vnhealthy country 1433 Vâ—â—u Cruz a new towne 1418 Verginia its hopefull commodities the inhabitants idolatry and worship of the Sunne their othes and fidelity thereupon 1690. 〈…〉 their customes 1690. plantation there and mortality accompanied with famine 1689. 1690. Virginias bounds temperature winds entrance mountaines soile 1691. vallies and 5 faire delicate nauigable Riuers neere the English Plantation 1692. its seuerall and different languages thereabout 1694. Vide Virginia Via tuna Indians in Brasile deâ—â—â—red by the Portingals 1298 Victuals verie scarce in Plimouth in New England 1856. Victuals of the Spanish Fleet sent for England Anno 1588. 1901 Vigo a towne taken by the English in the Portingall voyage 1926 Villa de Praya a towne in Tercera one of the Ilands of Azores 1668 Villa Franca a towne of St Michels one of the Azores Iles 1963. the situation fertility of the soyle and fruits of the Land 1964 Vines store in Canada Ilands 1612 vines naturally growing in New England 1844 St Vincent a port in the West Indies 1190. called by the Inâ—ians Warapuimama its description 1242 1438 Virachocha an Emperour of Peru his first conquest 1458 his seuerall acts and death with his successor 1459 The V 〈…〉 gines Ilands not inhabited and description 1159 Virginia Companies aduentures in fiâ—â—ing ships one of them being taken by the Turkes 1836. Vâ—rginia despised of the very abiects 1841. fruitfulnesse of the Land store of fish and Fowle ibid. Virginia why so called the praise thereof the first voyages and discoueries there with their colonies 1645 1646. Virginias healthinesse ibid. a Virginian yellow haird and faire 1689. Virginias naturall commodities trees among which cypresse vines wines fruits gums sassafras nourishable roots raw they are poyson roasted not so but otherwise vsed for bread medicinable plants beasts in variety 1694. 1695. birds fishes and minerals 1696. fruits that are plantedin Virginia the seasons there their vse of corne of flesh the ayres mildnesse and commodities for trafficke with France Swethland Spain Holland 1696 1697. the commodities that may redound thence to the industrious ibid. Virginians number nations languages their description constitution Barbers apparell women shamefastnesse attire ornaments 1697 1698. their building lodging bedding gardens exercise for men or women child-birth naming children easie deliuery their manner of striking fire of making bowes and arrowes 1698 their swords and targets boats fishing spinning fish-hookes hunting either in companyes or alone consultations before battell 1699. Virginians neere the English Plantation their enemies their manner of embattelling stratagems ambusâ—adoes painting to make themselues looke terrible singing and yelling in their combate musicke and entertainment of great men 1700. their trade Physicke Chirurgery charming 1701. their Religion and adoration of any thing that can hurt them without their preuention worshipping the Deuil called Oke buriall of their Kings their ordinary burialls and mourning for the dead their Temples their supposed sanctitie Priests and their habite times for solemnities ibid. their coniuration altars sacrifices to the water their solemne customes for the making Southsayers their opinion of their Kings and Priests soules and the common peoples after death their opinion of the Christians God 1702. manner of gouernment which is monarchicall their Kings pompe described 1703 1704. Virginian punishment of offenders 1703. Virginia by whom discommended the miserie it sustained by effeminate idlers 1704. Virginian dissentions in the English plantationers 1706. The Planters nominated and their first imployment ibid. their miserie famine and sicknesse with mortality caused by the Presidents auarice 1706 1707. with vnexpected remedy ibid seconded by the care of Captaine Smith ibid. Virginian plots for the leauing the Plantation 1707 1709. Virginian plantation and trading endamaged by the ambition of the Company 1710. by desire of gaine in some priuate persons 1711. Virginias golden hopes frustrate ibid. Virginia its want of a good President 1712. Virginias plantation supposed ouerthrow 1717. Virgina Tauerne the abuse of trading among Saylors there 1719. Virginian first mariage of the English 1720. Virginian Plantations supply 1708 1716 1719. Gold as easie to bee gotten as corne there from the needy Sauages 1725. Virginian planters losse of armes by the trecherie of Dutchmen 1725. Virginias buildings repaired but by want of prouision not prosecuted the cause of such want 1727. and the miserie sustained by lazinesse ibid. Virginias vnprofitable planters checked by the Presidents speech 1728. Virginias healthinesse and the care taken for sicke men there by the English 1728. the Plantations third supply 1729. the change of gouernment and Captaines the preiudice of the plantation and mutiny seconding the supply 1729. Virginia Plantation at the Falls and Nanâ—amund 1729. Virginia planters breake peace with the Sauages 1730. Virg 〈…〉 〈◊〉 of Presidents losing Captaine Smith the miserie famine and diâ—comfort it sustained by his absence 1732. its supply by the ariuall of the Lord La Ware Sir Thomas Dale 1732 1733. Virginias innouation in gouernment whether mutinous or no 1734. Viâ—ginias dispraise by idle fellowes 1743. the Presidency of Virginia assumed by St Thomas Gates 1749 the miserie of it at that time ibid. the causes thereof ibid. 1750. Virginias hopes and aduancement 1750. other causes of its distresse and the distresse it selfe 1751. more at large 1756 1757. its commodities 1757. Virginians triumphs after victory feasting simâ—licity feare horrible and prodigious rites of southsaying their iudgement of powder and other customes 1708 1709. Virginians are al of all occupations 1709 a Virginian exchanged for a Christian 1710. Virginia Sauages strange mortality 1712. Virginians courtesie to the English 1713. and trecherous proiects ibid. exceeding feare of Muskets ibid. how Virginian Sauages may be dealt withall 1714. Virginia Sauages fight disguised like bushes 1716. Virginians made proud not awed by courtesie
in a golden Countrie Cristall mountaine Vault-straits Tamoyes proper men Store of gold His iourney with the Sages Tocoman Pigmeys dwelling in Caues Riuer running to Chile Mountaines of a 〈…〉 Mettals The Caryiohs A youth 13. spans high Chile Giants habitlesse habit Port â—amine in the Sâ—râ—its of Magelan Wide mouthed men Extreame cold and naked people Harris the Goldâ—mith H. Barrawell Beasts bigger then Horses at the Mâ—gellan stâ—aiâ—s called Tapeâ—ywason in Ethiopia whether he meaneth Zebra or Dantecâ— see Tom. 1. p. 1002. Of Angola to which he fled cut of Brasil as is before deliliuered The Kings pompe Rites of the people The Countrie Wezels sâ—iâ— affected Branded beguiled slaues Taking of Elephants Circumcision Of Congo The King Masangana See Tom. 1. l. 7. c. 3. And. Battell liued here sixe yeeres Sickly disposition of the place Gold Paul Di 〈…〉 Angica Anzicans valiant Of Mahometan Religion if the Author were not deceiued by occasion of their circumcision which in Africa is common to Christians and Ethnicks with Mahumetans Rio Grande Ambergreese Para 〈…〉 〈◊〉 Riuers A Riuer called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—â—an 〈…〉 Sir 〈◊〉 â—â—wly The description of a place called by the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—â—â—nâ—mbuqâ—o and 〈◊〉 Citie o◠〈◊〉 Cape of Saint Augustine Iâ— of S. Aleyxo Porto Docaloâ— Riuer of stones Camaryiâ—â—â— The Riuer of Saint Antoniâ— Salt Fish Varâ—â—â— A place called the Harbour of Frenchmen Riuer called Iaquareasicke Alaqua Riuer of Saint Michael The Harbour called The Riuer of Toades R. Saquarâ—ma Etiâ—ca Pirâ—teninga M 〈…〉 mayd â—een by the Author The Riuer of Ienero and Ci 〈…〉 oâ— Saint Sebastian Iland of Brigalion Iland of Saint Bent. The Riuer câ—lled Waratiâ—â— Certaine Ilands called by tâ—e 〈◊〉 gr 〈…〉 Greaâ— Ilaâ—â— The Iland of 〈◊〉 Sebastian The descripti 〈…〉 oâ— S. Vin 〈…〉 s Saâ—tos The description of the third 〈◊〉 noâ— called by the Pâ—â—tugals Oâ— patoâ— and by the Indianâ— Vâ—â—son The description of the Riuer of Plate Note Beasts of Brasil Traueil by Compasse on sands Saint Michaels Brasill Iesuits Sauages friends Ciants Flat heads Strange Kine See before in Ouiedo Strange Serpent * â—his number may perhaps seeme incredible and iustlâ— vethâ—e tels the report which in some one yeere after some great battle may also be probable but the general report is of diuers thousands shipped thence yeerly the Portugals making their gaine by the Negroes foolish and spightfull wars vpon each other Pinnaffes lost in a Ternado Iles of Cape Verde The I le and Towne of S. Vincent 〈◊〉 The Raâ—chera in Cubagua wâ—â—h diuers 〈…〉 oners taken and ransomed A great ship with 〈◊〉 Negros taken Las Cabâ—zas They take sixe or seuen people of the Iles of Bastimentos R. of Puerto bello The great Castle of S. Philippe with 25. pieces of brasse and 50. Souldiers The Towne Triana Porto bello Pedro Melendes Melendes the Gouernour taken prisoner Braue spirit liberall minde of Captaine Parker Porto bello described He at 〈…〉 ineth from 〈…〉 tting the Towne of Porto bello on fire Two Frigats taken and brought away Their departure Sir Fr. 〈◊〉 buriall Sambo Virtuâ— in 〈◊〉 laudanda Grand Canarie Punta delaraya S. Vincents â—oinara Aruba Seuen men killed Puntal Bracheo Cape Caldera Morecapana M. S. Ann. Portete Cape S. Antony Organes Cuba Cobey Martyrs Cape of Florida Silley The Riuer of Capuri The Gulfe of Guanipa The Riuer Amana Orenoco Tiuitiuas The Riuer Macurio Toparimaca a Gouernour Arwacan Carapana lyeth in the Prouince of Emeria 〈◊〉 Iland Iwana Iland Arrarooâ—ana Europa Riuer Ocawitâ— Iland Morrequito Arromaia Putapaima Iland Oâ—â—â—â—e The Playnes of Samia Cumana Aroami Iland Aio Iland Manoripano A omaio Th Riuer Caroli Cassipagotos Morâ—equito â—aâ—â—ma Iland Epuremi Great Fall Caâ—uri Store of gold among the Epuremians Casâ—ipagotos Eâ—arâ—â—oâ—os Arawagotos Store of gold beyond the Mountaines of Curaa Store of gold Riuer Arui Riuer Cassipa Riuer Atoica Riuer Caora Riuer Casnero Amapaia The Riuâ—rs Cari Limo Paoo Caturi Voari Capuri The Prouince of Amapaia Bad water Guicar Goauar Papemena The Iland of Amazones The Iland Athul Riuer Vbra Eregoodawe Oromona Tapiawary Riuer Salma Papemena a great Riuer Athul a most sweet pleasant Iland He returneth from Athul Papemena Limo Orenoco Cosnero Riuer Amapaia Paoo Riuer The rich countrie of Curaa six weekes trauell from Orenoco Manoa Gold in abundance Gold in grains found in Riuers Crocodiles in the Riuer and worse on land keepers of gold Tulahe Bad pearles Top asses Camalaha Women-Faire and yet no fair women Eight women for a halfe-peny knife Tar or Taroo an Iland Habuc a Riuer Habuc scarce eight dayes iourney from Orenoco Europa Riuer Oecopa Mountaine Santo Domingo Amapaia Riuer Amazones Iland Wiaumli Riuer Maccah Riuer Woripur Carrabouca Guiana or Manoa Drano Riuer Aâ—â—bas Moores Vnhealthfull dewes Emeria Capurisol Riuer Canoa of water Riuer of Amazones Riuer Wiapogo The Falls They desire to learne religion Caribes A Canowe taken R. Aracawa The Commodities of the Countrey Strange fishing Cassauiâ— The iuice Sicknesse The cause The remedie Ni 〈…〉 little 〈…〉 mes great torture Terrible cure Trecherie of a S 〈…〉 e. Captaine Leâ— Saint Barbudos Sancta Lucia Captaine Nich Saint Iohn staieth at Saint Lucia with 67. men Tortoises Shew of Gold The Captaine and his men slaine Indian treacherie Faire gardens Great Trees of hard wood Hamaca beds Treacherous ambush Blind hungrie voyage A storme Thomas Morgan dyeth Land Boat split Three Spanâ—ards Miserable famine Vse of Tabacco Fiue died in the Iland â—ood almost kils aswell as penurie Tocoya Coâ—o Kind Spaniards Good Flemming Spanish gentlenesse Two more dic Commodities of the Countrey Drinke made of Maiz. The treason of the Indians * The cause why Francisco Lopez did vse vs so kindly was because Sir Fr. Drake when he tooke Cartagena did saue all his fathers goods and his lâ—â—â— withall They ariue at Wiapâ—â—â— Causes of their mutinie Second voiage of the Phenix Captain Leighs weaknesse Deiected minds Mount Howard Possession Bay Gold siluer R. Caliane Expedition against the Caribes Mount Huntly Cou. R. Wia. English ship Vrake Arwakes Mortalitie The Captains sicknesse and death M. Tederington 35. persons lost 15. depart Kindnesse of a Dutchman French ship Ten more depart Two returne out of the Countrey to them They plant Flaxe c. Surgeâ—ie Indian Armes Mad choice of a patient Captaine R. Caliane searched Three ships in R. of Amazons Peyar-diuining Riuer of Arâ—cow Fall Three Nations The Yayes The Arwakes Suppayes Nakednesse Men and women how they liue Their houses Faire earthen Pots Baskets Hamakes Painting Childebirtâ— Funerals Beasts of those parts Fowles Fishes and fishing as before Fruites Dying woods other commodities of the Countrie Their returne Sir Walter Rawleigh Trinidado Fountaine of Pitch * The large iournall of their voiage to this place is for breuity omitted as also their course homewards * The vertue of the Guanos a thing worthy the noting for their nature is if one eat a ripe one it sets one a scouring and