in time reduce us to our first Barbarisme and so consequently expose us to all the deformities and practicall affectations which can proceed from a depraved imagination For the better prevention of which evils in the behalfe of Nature whose vindication I have here undertaken and for the Honour of Physitians who professe themselves the friends of Nature and to be her faithfull servants I could wish that this reproach that lies upon them might be taken away by the promoting and reviving of this Noble part of Cosmetiques for the better establishing and preservation of the honesty of the Humane Fabrique and the regular beauty of the Body It is a wonderfull thing that is reported of the Honour and esteem that the perfection of the Body hath been in among the Catheans who ever chose the handsomest man to be their King Onescritus cited by Strabo Geographia lib. 15. Onesicritus reports that their boies two months after their birth are publikely examined whether they have a legitimate forme and worthy of life or no and according as judgment is passed upon them by him who is Chiefe Censor in this businesse they are either permitted to live or appointed to die My Lord of Montaigne in one of his Essayes And my Lord of Montaigne thought much to be bound to own Monsters although they were of his own begetting But those things savour too much of the other extreme and are neither to be approved or put in practise by us Wee rather recommend unto you that observation of my Lord Bacon to be well weighed as he would have it which as he saith may teach a meanes to make the persons of Men and Women in many kinds more comely and better featured then otherwise they would be by the forming and shaping them in their Infancy wherein you may see the opinion of that learned Worthy touching helps toward the beauty and good features of persons And withall I would have all possible meanes used to prevent all unnaturall and monstrous Incroachments upon the Humane forme and where there happens any to reduce it to the Naturall State that so the bodies of men might as neere as can be appeare unblemished and accompanied with all the requisites of beauty it enjoyed in its originall perfection MAN TRANSFORMD OR THE ARTIFICIALL CHANGLING THE FIRST SCENE Certaine Fashions of the Head affected and contrived by the Pragmaticall invention and Artificiall endeavours of many Nations HIppocrates observes Hippocrates lib. de Aere Aquis Locis that the Naturall mould or figure of the Head hath bin tampered with and altered by Art Sennertus de morbis Figurae Sennertus also where he writes De morbis Figurae reckons amongst other causes of the ill Conformation of Mens Heads that they are now and then induced after the Birth Sugar-Loafe-like Heads whilest the tender Heads of Infants are by Midwives and Nurses formed after a divers manner while they are involved in Head-bands and moulded with their hands according to their irregular and varying Phansies The Cilician Atticke Athenaeneus and Argive Women were noted of old as the Phoxi were to have high turbinated Heads The Women in Peru Strabo Geograph lib. although they are gracious by thâ—â—r â—aire Faces Maginus 2 Geograph Americae yet for the most part the tops of their Heads are absurdly acuminated and run into an acute Cuspiâ— Strabo makes mention of some Indians who he cals 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Capita cunei formia habentes that is having such Piked and Wedg-like Heads This Figure of the Head is in Fashion and Request at this day with some Nations being indeavoured with as much Art as it was of old by the Macrones of Pontus For the Genuensians for the most part have high and copp-crown'd Heads Pine-Apple forme after the condition of a sharp upright Pillar in such manner that the neather part is bigg and round but the upper part sharp Claramont de conject cujusque mor. l. 6. And indeed it is concluded that the Midwives with their Head-bands and other devises are the cause of their Sugar-loafe-like Heads This affected forme of the Head being common and Nationall unto them is reputed so Fashionable that it is held a Note of Gentility and a Gallant Spirit among them Hippoc. 6 Ep. 1. Hippocrates notes that an acute Head is alwaies naught and verily this compulsive force of Art is many times very Injurious to Nature and her operations but not alwaies for the Genuensians who delight much in this Figure of the Head and are noted for the most part to have acuminated Heads have at least such an acumen of Wit as makes them excellent for an Active Life and in the opinion of Claramontius the form of the thing gives a suffrage unto it for such a kind of turbinated Figure represents a certaine parvity and therefore the Heat of the Heart is lesse broken by it whereupon Man is rendered more Active Hofman Instit And therefore in this place we must admit what Hofman gives us to know That so long as the Actions of the Braine are not hurt it is only a Naturall or Artificiall fault or imperfection no disease but when they are hurt then it is a disease as it was in Thersites who was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Homer Iliad and withall a Foole and so sick of this Fashion For the truth is as to the signes Diagnostick a vitious Figure of the Head is known by sight which although it doe chiefly declare the Conformation of the skull yet it is likely and agreeable that the Braine which is concluded in the skull should Participate of the same Figure but the discovery of it is made also by certaine effects and it is easie to know the innate folly bred in some Men Scaliger Comm. ad lib 5. Theophrast de causis Plant. pag. 287. by the vitious Figure of the Head Yet Scaliger gives another Character of these Genuensians which Imports that they pay for their Affectation The Genuensians saith he having received from the Mauritanians their Progenitors this Custome to compresse the Temples of their Infants as soon as they are Borne now without that Compression are Borne with a Thersiticall Head and Heart We read in the Chronicles of the Prodigious Ostents that Nature hath many times mocked Art in producing this Figure of the Head For Lycosthenes chr de prodig ostent Licosthenes writes that in Ploa a Towne of Voitland there was a Monstrous Infant Borne with such an acuminated Head like a Cap that the Kings of Persia and the Priests in the old Law used or like a Tiara or Turkish Tuffe and in Saxonie in the Month of February 1545 there was another Infant borne with a Long Head notably marked as it were with a Turkish Cap. The Samaritans also as I am Informed by a Learned and Observing Traveller have such Sugar-Loafe-like Heads There being a Colledge of Samaritan Secular Priests in Rome
be Gaulise Women or Germanie Women so much did they disguise themselves whereby is known how much red Haires were esteemed in the old time which to seeke out by Art St. Cyprian and St. Jerome with Tertullian doe say that the same doe prasage the fire of Hel. Galen affirmes that in his time most Women were dead with the Head-ache Galen lib. 1 de vestimentis localibus cap. 19 neither could there be any remedie applied to this Evill Matenesius de luxu abusu vestium because they stood a long while bare-headed in the Sun to render their Haires yellow and he reports that for the same cause some of them lost their Haire and became bald Artificiall yellow Haire and were reduced to Ovids remedy for that defect either to borrow other Womens Haire or to ransack the Graves of the Dead for a dishonest supply Tertullian lib. de ornatu foeminarum Tertullian speaking of this thing saith that Women were punished for this their lasciviousnesse for that by reason of their daily long abode in the Sun their Heads were often most grievously hurt with the Head-ache Lucian in Epigram and it seems when this folly was grown habituall unto them it degenerated into Dotage for Lucian very lepidly derides an old Woman who notwithstanding shee was seventy Yeares of age yet shee would have her Haire of a yellow tincture and exhorts the old Mother to desist from her folly for although shee could colour her silver Haires yet shee could not recall her age The Venetian Women at this day and the Paduan and those of Verona and other parts of Italy practise the same vanitie and receive the same recompence for their affectation there being in all these Cities open and manifest examples of those who have undergone a kinde of Martyrdome to render their Haire yellow Schenckius observat lib. Schenckius relates unto us the History of a certaine Noble Gentlewoman about sixteen or seventeen yeares of age that would expose her bare Head to the fervent heat of the Sun daily for some houres that shee might purchase yellow and long Haire by anointing them with a certaine unguent and although she obtained the effect of her desires yet withall shee procured to her selfe a violent Head ach and bled almost every day abundantly through the Nose and on a time being desirous to stop the Blood by the pressing of her Nostrils not farr from her right Eye toward her Temple through a pore as it were by a hole made with a needles point the Blood burst out abundantly Mad affectat of yell Haire and taking away her fingers againe caused it to run through her Nose and at that very time shee was diseased by the obstruction of her courses Another Maid also by using this same Art Johannes Francus med Camicensis became almost blind with sore Eyes Had these Women known the secrets of the art Cosmetique invented to this effect especially that harmelesse and unknown rarity of Lusitanus Lusitanus cent 3. curat 59. they might have gone a better way to worke or had they known the tincture which the Aegyptian Women use to colour their Hands and Feet into a Golden hue they as Prosper Alpinus speaks could have nothing which they might more securely use to guild their Haire Prosper Alpinus lib de plantis Aegypt cap 13. neither should they need to burne themselves in the Sun beams and diverse wayes offend their Heads neither by reason of this depraved tincture of their Haires would they as some Virgins have been affected with such perilous and wonderfull symptomes Vpon observation of which exemplary punishments Johannes Francus the Physitian thus speakes So they who are studious to augment their Beauty oftentimes deforme themselves What a curious accommodation to these People had some Fountaine been Plinie lib. 3. Nat. Hist cap. 106. that had a harmelesse property to colour their Haire according to their mindes such a one as the River Crathis mentioned by Plinie Ovid Metamorphosis whose Nature was to make Haire yellow which efficacy Ovid attributes to another Crathis hinc Sybaris nostris conterminus oris Electro similes faciunt Auroque Capillos Montanus taking notice of this erroneous practise of Women in his time in Verona Mad affecters of yell Haire and other parts of Italy very rationally and Learnedly observes that this endeavour for Ornament cast them into a greater mischiefe for although they obtained their end in colouring their haires yet afterwards thereupon they become shorter hard and harsh whereas commonly Women have long and soft Haire But these Women choosing ever that which is worst use strong Waters which are dryers for although they think their Haire is coloured by them yet they rather burne them and make them short they destroy moreover their substance and which is worse they destroy life it selfe A caution to be considered of by our Gallants Io Bohem. de moribus gentium lib. 3. The European Galatians although they have yellow Haire by Nature yet they use great diligence to increase the Native colour making their Haires thicker by Art that they differ nothing from Horse maines In the low Countryes the Iewish Women who are all black Hair'd by Nature wear great yellow Periwigs which I suppose is either out of foolish dislike of their owne complexions or else a desire to conforme themselves to the generall hue of their Hair among whom they live or both Description of Nova Francia The Savages of Nova Francia although their vanity stretch not so far as to the curling of Haire yet it doth to the colouring of them for as much as when they are merry and paint their Faces be it with blew or with redd they paint also their Haires with the same colours And indeed painting the Haire of the Head hath been anciently noted in the Indians by many Poets who tooke occasion to describe them His coma liventes imitatur crine hyacinthos Tincture of Hair condem Ruffus Festus Dyonisius Afer Lucan Atque gerunt similes Hyacintho fronte capillos Et qui tingentes croceo medicamine crines Tincture of Haire is most shamefull and detestable in Men so in that impotent creature and untamed Animal Woman to the more honourable sort of whom Ornamentall dresses of Haire are permitted the indulgency is to be moderated and their licence herein granted them by Nature to be restrained within certaine bounds that it neither extend to too much curiosity or any fucus since all fucusses in the very endeavour of Beauty are ugly and dishonourable to Nature One thing saith Kornmannus is strange and most singularly remarkable out of Gulielmus Parisiensis upon the saying of St. Paul 1 Corinth 11. A Woman ought to have her Head covered because of the the Angels This some have understood of the evill Angels whose lust they thought was vehemently provoked and inflamed by the Beauty of Womens Hair and hence the Incubi are
ingenious and free to affect such stigmaticall characters as notes of bravery and Ensignes of Honour and Nobility is a very strange phantasticall prevarication for Nature never intended the Forehead to be Tanquam rasa Tabula a faire blanke table of the affections and a plaine Index of the mind not to be charged with our artificiall characters but the Naturall impression of motion only Purchas pilgr. 2. lib. 10. The Bramines of Agra marke themselves in the Forehead Eares and throat with a kind of yellow geare which they grinde and every morning they doe it and so doe the Women Idem eod lib. 9. The Gentiles of Indostan Men and Women both paint on their Foreheads and other parts of their Faces red or yellow spots The Gusaretes and Banianes of Cambaia they weare a Starr upon their Forehead which they rubb every morning with a litle white saunders tempered with Water and three or four grains of Rice Lindschot l. 1. The Malabars and Mestichos have also some such Frontall custome Pet. Mart. dec 1. The Cyguanians are of a horrid aspect much like the People called Agathyrsis of whom the Poet Virgill speaketh for they were all painted and spotted with sundry colours and especially with black and red which they make of certain fruits nourished in their Gardens for the same purpose with the juice whereof they paint themselves from the Forehead even unto the knees Painted Foreheads which painting the Spaniard used as a stratagem to take their King The Relator saith that a Man would think them to be incarnate Divels broke out of Hell they are so like Hell-hounds I am sure they violate and impudently affront Nature thus to obscure the Naturall seat of shame and modest bashfulnesse with their painting so that the flushings of the Purple blood which Nature sends up to releive the Front in the passion of shame cannot significantly appeare in their Native hue Beetle-browes affected SCENE IV. Eye-brow Rites or the Eye-brows abus'd contrary to Nature Ex relatione amici ingeniosi THe Russian Ladies tie up their Foreheads so strict with fillets which they are used to from their Infancy that they cannot move their Eye-brows or use any motion the meaner sort also affect it the skin is so streined that one would wonder how they could endure it but they being used unto it from their infancy it is easie What a plot have these Women upon Nature thus to bind their Eye-brows to the observation of so strict and unnaturall a silence to hinder her in one of her most significant operations and to exclude that part of the mind which useth to be exhibited by the Eye-brows In the Indies Purchas his Pilgr the Cumanans pluck off all the Haire of their Eye-brows taking great pride and using much superstition in that unnaturall depilation In Nombre de Dios Lindschot li. 2. the Women with a certaine Hearb make the Haire of their Eye-brows fall off In Peru they use offerings in pulling off the Haire of their Eye-brows to offer unto the Sun Purchas his Pilgrimage The Brasilians also eradicate the Haire of their Eye-brows Idem eodem From the perpetuall magnitude of these Haires Gal. 10. de usu partium and those of the Eyelids Galen takes an occasion to deride Moses and Epicurus from which calumnie Rabbie Moses defends him Rabi Moses in Aphorism Montanus Mod. pars 2. and that very excellently which place is worth the reading by those who are curious which argument they may finde dilated in Montanus and Hofmanus Hofmanus comment in Gal. de usu partium 11. This wee may say with Galen that such effeminate Men are to be pittied Eye-brow painters who are so averse to the truth that they know not they have a Mind that they owe Culture to rather then to the Bodie The Women of old time when the Haire of their Eye-brows were yellow or white they black them with soot as you may read in Tertullian Plautus Athenaeus Clemens Alexandrinus and others And there Women did not blush to have it known that usually they painted not their Faces onely but their very Eye-brows Ovid de rem Amor. Scitis et inducta candorem quaerere cera Sanguine quae vero non rubet Arte rubet Arte supercilii confinia nuda repletis Parvaque sinceras velat aluta genas Nec pudor est oculos tenui signare favilla Vel prope te nato livide Cydne croco Martiall speaks of one whose Face did not sleep with her but shee did innuere with an Eye-brow put on every morning What this Fuligo or soot was is not well explained by Authors Mercurialis thinkes it was that Fucus which by Plinie is said to have been called Callipleuron Mercurialis lib. de decorat the like Fucus made with coledust the Women of these times use for the same purpose Grimstone of their manners The Arabian Women have a certain black painting made of the smoak of Gals and Saffron with the which they paint their Eye-brows of a Triangular forme The American Women doe with a certaine Fucus paint their Eye-brows which they lay on with a pencill Triangular and High arched Eye-brows affected a thing also usuall with French Women who have little modesty They of Candou Island put a certaine blacknesse upon their Eye-brows Purchas Pilg. 2. lib. 9. The Tartarian Women anoint their Eye-brows with a black ointment Idem Pilg. 3. lib. 1. L. Bacon Nat. Hist cent 8. The Turks have a black powder made of a Minerall called Alchole with which they colour the Haire of their Eye-brows which they draw into embowed Arches The Women affect very much black Eye-brows Sandys Travels lib. 10. and likely they are naturally so if they be not they die them into this hue by Art made high and halfe Circular and to meet if naturally they doe not The regulating of the Haires of the Eye-brows when they chance to grow out of order Eye-brow dâ—yers and the reducing them with Pinsers or scissers to conformity is but a Cosmetique elegancie But this generall conspiration of all Nations to black them when Nature hath produced them of another colour is somewhat destructive to the true knowledge of complexions and prejudiciall to the cautionary Art of Physiognomy which Nature hath so favourably founded in the Face to an observers notable advantage and even now when this sheet was going into the presse an understanding and discreet Lady falling into discourse of this vanity told mee shee knew a Gentlewoman who being displeased with the native colour of the Haire of her Head which was yellow procured a water of a Physitian about this Towne to die her Haire Black And being advertised of the incongruitie of the Haire of her Eye-brows which were white with that new tincture of the Haire of her Head shee applied this water to her Eye-brows to black them also which
with painting using all the supplement of a sophisticated beauty And not without cause for when they grow old the most grow contemptible being put to the drudgery of the house and many times to wait on their Children The Spanish women when they are married Howel Epist Famil they have a priviledge to weare high Shooes and to paint which is generally practised there and the Queen useth it her selfe which brings on a great decay in the naturall Face For it is observed that women in England look as youthfull at fifty as some there at twenty five This saith Munster Munst Cosm lib. 2. is to be reproved in your Spanish women that they now and then deforme their face with washes of Vermilion Ceruse because they have lesse native colour than your French women and indeed other nations learnt from them the use of Spanish paper The Ladies of Italy not to speake of the Curtezans to seeme fairer than the rest take a pride to besmeare and paint themselves Artificial Faire Ones A Geographer speaking of Venice saith that it is thought no one City againe is able to compare with that City for the number of gorgeous Dames as for their beauty of face though they be faire indeed I would not willingly commend them because there is in a manner none old or young unpainted It is observed that the Roman Dames had infinite little boxes filled with loathsome trash of sundry kind of colours and compositions for the hiding of their deformities the very sight and smell whereof was able to turne a mans stomack Ovid. de medic fac Pixides invenies rerum mille colores Non semel hinc stomacho nausea facta meo And for the face used so much slibber-sauce such daubing and painting that a man could not well tell facies dicatur an ulcus May it a Face or a Botch be â—all'd Johan Bohem. de moribus gen lib. 3. The ancient English stained their Faces with Woad which is of a blew or sky colour that they might appeare more horrid to their enemies in fight Our English Ladies who seeme to have borrowed some of their Cosmeticall conceits from Barbarous Nations Spotted Faces affected are seldome known to be contented with a Face of Gods making for they are either adding detracting or altering continually having many Fucusses in readinesse for the same purpose Sometimes they think they have too much colour then they use Art to make them look pale and faire Now they have too little colour then Spanish paper Red Leather or other Cosmeticall Rubriques must be had Yet for all this it may be the skins of their Faces do not please them off they go with Mercury water and so they remaine like peeld Ewes untill their Faces have recovered a new Epidermis This is as odious and as senselesse an affectation as ever was used by any barbarous Nation in the World And I doubt our Ladies that use them are not well advised of the effect they worke for these spots in Faire Faces advantage not beauty as they suppose Black patches no advantage to Beauty because contraries compared and placed neare one another shew their lustre more plainely but because it gives envy satisfaction which takes pleasure in defects or by reason it takes away that astonishment which instead of delighting confounds not that Imperfection can make perfect or that the defect can encrease beauty and therewith delight for these spots in a beautifull Face adde not grace to a Visage nor encrease delight they entertaine it because they extinguish and then renew it Our naturall power is limited to a certaine measure when the continued presence of the delightfull object doth exceed the delight ceases and to the extreame of what it can contribute it delights no longer he that will renew his pleasure must begin with paine and go out of the naturall state to returne into it Let him looke upon the spots then returne to behold the beauty of the face And it may be some of the more subtill Heads whose heaving phansies fill their Faces full of such artificiall mole-hils are aware that men desire to find defect in those things that are pleasing to them and that he rejoyceth that he hath found it peradventure seeming unto him that he hath gotten command over her that hath it and that he may reap the delight of pardoning without feeling the dammage of being offended If Nature then as the politique Marquesse of Malvezzi thinks may be she doth sets us in the way to seek defects to bring us through the knowledge of those who have the defect to the knowing of him that hath none The best improvement of this folly is to make these Creatures serve for Instruments to bring us to seeke out the Creator not only by what is perfect in them but also by that which naturally wants perfection Painting in a man odio us or is charged with artificiall defects arising out of an evill affectation and not as if they were totally perfect who openly professe to study imperfections simply fawn upon and adore them as if we beleeved they were absolutely perfect And the like sober use may the discreeter sort of Ladies who are not guilty of this spotting vanity make use of when they behold the like prodigious affectation in the Faces of effeminate Gallants a bare-headed Sect of amorous Idolaters who of late have begun to vye patches and beauty-spots nay painting with the most tender and phantasticall Ladies and to returne by Art their queasie paine upon women to the great reproach of Nature and high dishonour and abasement of the glory of mans perfection Painting is bad both in a foule and faire woman but worst of all in a man for if it be the received opinion of some Physicians that the using of Complexion and such like slibber-slabbers is a weakenesse and infirmity in it selfe who can say whether such men as use them be sound or no it being a great dishonesty and an unseemely sight to see a man painted who perchance had a reasonable good naturall complexion of his own that when he hath by nature those colours proper to him he should besoot his face with the same paintings or make such slight reckoning of those faire pledges of Natures goodnesse and embrace such counterfeit stuffe to the ill example of others so that his face which he thinks doth so much commend him should be made of ointments greasie ingredients and slabber-sawces or done by certaine powders Oxe-galls Lees Latherings and other such sluttish and beastly confections For besides that they are effeminate actions fitting only wanton wenches and light huswives Painting an old Trade they give occasion to men to murmur against them and breed a suspition of basenesse in the vilest degree when they shall see them thus daubed over with Clay and wholly composed of those things that are only permitted unto women who because they have not sufficient beauty of themselves
borrow it from paintings and varnishings to the great cost both of their health and purses Verily these are they who do something worth the spight of envious and foule diseases and invite the hand of God to strike them with deformity But as for painting it is no marvell if the Ladies of our time do paint themselves for of a long time and in many places that trade hath had beginning This generation of Daubers having ever sought quarrels with Nature and forced Art her false servant into Ballance with her setting more by their false face than they do by their true so that these Face-takers seeme to be out of love with themselves and to hate their Naturall Face exterminating or out-lawing their own Face to put on another whose curiosity was handsomely taxed by an Ancient with this Dilemma If women be naturally faire Nature sufficeth them and there is no reason that Art should plead against Nature or painting against the truth if they be foule by Nature the painting which they lay upon them bewrayeth their fouleness the more Plautus askes a foolish woman wherefore she corrupted with Fucusses and artificiall waters so faire a thing as the Face is assuring her that she could not possibly exercise those Arts so warily but that they will appeare and continually subminister an occasion of judging For the Latitant effect is supposed greater than indeed it is which had not been so much suspected had she not painted her selfe The Vanity of Painting Pythagoras therefore in honour of Nature forbad women to paint themselves ordaining that they should be content with their naturall Beauty Ere long these adulterate Colours will moulder and then the old maple face appears which is sufficiently laught at by all besides the harme the paint hath done for that Face which was bad enough is hereby made worse there being a venomous quality in the paint which wrinkleth the Face before its time it dims the Eyes and blacks the Teeth with false colours they spoile their Face and gaine nought but contempt and hatred of their Husbands Have ye not seen saith a reverend wit a compleat beauty made worse by an artificiall addition Doctor Donne Serm. 70. because they have not thought it well enough before you see it every day and every where If Saint Paul himselfe were here whom for his Eloquence the Lystrians called Mercury he could not perswade them to leave their Mercury it will not easily be left for how many of them that take it outwardly at first come at last to take it inwardly Solomons caution therefore Be not over righteous may be applied to this sense Be not over Faire The great advancer of Learning therefore where he speakes of Cosmetique Medicaments or the Art of Decoration saith that this adulterate decoration by Painting and Ceruse is well worthy the imperfections which attend it being neither fine enough to deceive nor handsome enough to please nor safe and wholsome to use And this attempt is not only inconvenient but very vaine and ridiculous for while by washes paintings and such slibber-slabbers they presume by the Ministry of Art to overcome Nature they faile in their Designe for Art The use of the skin of the Face as experience teacheth us cannot surmount Nature nor by the most exquisite and illustrious Pigments come neare the native colour For the God of Nature will not permit a true and native colour to be surpassed by a false and counterfeit Nature verily abhors such externall adventitious beauty which flows from Art which being ab extra confers nothing to the proper and intrinsique end of her worke for besides the use and action you shall find nothing in the body of man and its parts which is quid intrinsicum to wit conferring to the end for which those parts were created and who would grant a beauty of this kind he must professe that there is somewhat in the body of man and its parts besides the use or action It is freely confessed there is in the body of Man somewhat for ornament which verily must be a Naturall or Physicall ornament since in Art ornaments have their end By which you may understand that although all the parts of the Body are not designed to action yet they have their use because Nature hath made nothing in vaine The Cuticle of the Face hath indeed no action in the body but it hath use for it seems as Paraeus speakes to be given by the singular indulgence of Nature to be a muniment and ornament to the true skin which providence of Nature these Artizans or rather Curtizans do imitate who for to seeme more beautifull do smooth and polish it the baudy trimming of which cheeke-varnish proves but a loathsome nastinesse and is a complement more than Nature looks for at their hands which to see is a thousand pitties for your foule and worst favoured women are not only those that do this but even your fairest and those that are most beholding to Nature who thinke thereby to seeme fairer Painting Condemned and to make Nature appeare more lovely in Arts dressing begin this worke betimes in the morning in their bed and finish it at noone when the cloath is laid So that I say and not without reason That a woman the more curious she is about her face the more carelesse about her house the repairing of the one being the ruining of the other which makes even Guzman cry out O filthinesse above all other filthinesses O affront above all other affronts that God having given thee one face thou should'st abuse his Image and make thy selfe another And it is a wonder as my Lord Bacon notes that this corrupt custome of Painting hath so long escaped penall Laws both of the Church and of the State which have been very severe against the excessive vanity of Apparrell and the effeminate trimming of Haire And the wonder is the greater how it hath escaped Ecclesiasticall Censure since all the Fathers of the Church have strongly enveighed against forged and feigned beauty and this practice of introducing other hewes than the bloud naturally affords A vile thing it is saith one thus to force and wrong Nature with Birdlime Chalke Daubing and such Trash plainly marring all the beauty they have of Nature growing foule with making themselves faire A gross folly to change the naturall Beauty and seeke after painting the crime of Adultery is in a manner more tollerable for there Chastity is corrupted and here Nature is forced Saint Ambrose of such a one Thou defacest the features of God if thou cover thy Face with painting This Palliative Artifice which introduceth an acquisite complexion to deceive the Spectatours Eye for a moment is altogether to be rejected by women especially Christians Painters admonished Cypr. Tract 2. de hab Virg. And Cyprian writes truly Not only Virgins saith be and Widdows but all married women are to be admonished that this worke and facture and plasme
coloured with a reddish Tawney all very personable and handsome strong men As for the Floridians Ribaults discovery of Florida the sore-part of their bodies and armes be painted with pretty devised workes of Azure Red and Black so well and so properly as the best Painter of Europe could not amend it the women have their bodies painted with a certaine herb like unto Mosse wherewith the Cedar trees and all other Trees are covered The people of Whitesands Island paint themselves with certaine roane colours In a narration of new France The Margasates in Brasilea paint themselves with black streakes like the Tartarians Lindscot Travels lib. 2. The Inhabitants of the Island La Trinidade paint their bodies red and black with colours made of the juyce of herbs Idem eodem and the filthier it sheweth the fairer they esteeme it to be And in the Gothick warre ferroque notatas Perlegit exanimes Picto moriente figuras Some thinke that the Celtique Poiteveins called by the Latines Pictones though they be not descended of this race yet had their name given them for the same occasion of that of the Picts And as customes once brought in among a people are not lost but by the length of many Ages So in Brunzwich they sometimes grease their faces with painting and make their Vizage all black from whence perchance that word Bronzer may be derived which signifies in Picardy to black And generally it is beleeved that all those Northerly people did use painting when they would make themselves brave for the Gelons Agathyrses Nations of Scythia like the Picts Iohan. Bohem. de rit gent. lib. 3. were of this Fraternity with Iron Instruments did colour their bodies We English men likewise then called Britons by the saying of Tertullian Tert. de veland virg Jornand de bello Gotico Isidor lib. 16. cap. 23. affected the same cruell bravery The Goths besides the Iron Instruments did use Vermilion to make their faces and bodies red Briefely it was a sport in old time to see so many Anticks men and women for there are found yet old pictures which in the Virginia History you may find Painting with faire incisions an old humour of our Auncestors cut in brasse where the Picts of both Sexes are painted out with their faire incisions as Herodian describeth them So that you see this humour of painting hath been generall in these parts There being no cause of mocking if the Indians have done and yet do the like By which things above recited we may know that this hither world hath anciently been as much deformed and savage as any of the Indians and may come about to the same point of cuticular bravery Why some men and they a mighty and considerable part of mankind should first acquire and still retaine the glosse and tincture of blacknesse they who have strictly enquired into the cause Enquity how so great a part of mankind became Black have found no lesse darkenesse in it than blackness in the effect it selfe there arising unto examination no such satisfactory and unquarrellable reasons as may confirme the causes generally received which are but two in number that is the heat and the scorch of the Sun or the curse of God on Cham and his Posterity That the most common imputation to the heat of the Sun in those Climates is false is approved by a most unanswerable argument for there are some Nations of this colour although the Pole Antartique in that place be in the elevation of thirty and five degrees which is a very strange thing yea the rude people that live among the most cold Mountaines of the Moone are black also as Pigafetta relates That Neither of these is the cause the learned Enquirer into vulgar Errours hath evinced or at least made dubious yet how and when this tincture began it was yet a riddle unto him and positively to determine it surpassed his presumption seeing therefore saith he we cannot certainly discover what did effect it it may afford some piece of satisfaction to know what might procure it It may therefore be considered whether the inward use of certaine waters or fountaines of peculiar operations might not at first produce the effect Dr Brownes Pseudodoxia Epidemica lib. 6. cap. 10. since of the like we have records in History Secondly it may be propounded whether it might not fall out the same way that Jacobs Cattle became speckled spotted and ring-streaked that is by the power and efficacy of imagination which produceth effects in the conception correspondent to the phantsie of the Agents in generation If the figure of man hath been changed why not his colour and sometimes assimilates the idea of the Generator into a reality in the thing ingendred whereof there passe for current many undisputable examples Thirdly it is not undisputable whether it might not proceed from such a cause and the like foundation of Tincture as doth the black-Jaundies which meeting with congenerous causes might settle durable inquinations and advance their generations unto that hue which was naturally before but a degree or two below it And this transmission we shall the easier admit in colour if we remember the like hath been effected in organicall parts or figures the Symetry whereof being casually or purposely perverted hath vigourously descended to their Posterities and that in durable deformities This was the beginning of Macrocephali or people with long heads Thus have the Chineses little feet most Negroes great Lips and flat-Noses and thus many Spaniards and Mediterranean Inhabitants which are of the Race of Barbary-Moores although after frequent commixture have not worn out the Camoyse Nose unto this day To omit therefore the other conjectures of our ingenious Author we shall take leave in the Tenour of his own words to say that it may be the seed of Adam might first receive this tincture and became black by an advenient and artificiall way of denigration which at first was a meere affectation arising from some conceit they might have of the beauty of blacknesse and an Apish desire which might move them to change the complexion of their bodies into a new and more fashionable hue Nations of a colour like Brasse which will appeare somewhat more probable by divers affectations of painting in other Nations mentioned in this Treatise and that they take so much content therein that they esteeme deformity by other colours describing the Devill and terrible objects white for they thinke and verily perswade themselves that they are the right colour of men and that we have a false and counterfeit colour And so from this Artifice the Moores might possibly become Negroes receiving atramentitious impression by the power and efficacy of imagination And this complexion first by Art acquired might be evidently maintained by generation and by the tincture of the skin as a spermaticall part traduced from Father to Son For thus perhaps this which at the beginning
cut their haire and the men weare it long 56 That the Haire was given women for a covering 57 That Haire hanging down by the Cheeks of women of it 's owne Nature is not contrary to the Law of Nature or unlawfull 58 For a woman to be shorne is against the intention of Nature ibid. For men to nourish long haire is quite contrary to the intention of Nature 58 59 60 That such long haire would hinder the actions of common life 60 Tonsure necessary 59 The regulation of the haire of man according to the rules of decorum ibid. 60 What long Haire it is that is repugnant to Nature against her law and above and besides the naturall use 60 The decency of haire stated 62 63 Nations extreamely affecting black Haire 63 64 By what art they make it come so ibid. The practise of blacking gray Haires ridiculous 63 Nations which of old did and at this day doe affect yellow Haire 65 68 By what meanes they introduced this colour ibid. How they were and are punished for this their lasciviousnesse 65 66 67 Tincture of Haire both in men and women a shamefull thing and dishonourable to Nature 66 67 68 69 How the indulgence and licence granted unto women in matters of ornamentall dresses of Haire is to be moderated 69 Painting of Haire an ancient custome with the Indians 68 Inconveniences supposed to happen to women by the affected beauty of the Haire 69 Nations that anoint their Haire 70 The like vanity observed in our gallants ibid. The effeminate powdering of Haire exploded 70 71 Frizling and curling and plating the Hair with hot Irons an old vanity 71 72 Periwigs an ancient vanity 72 73 Hands LIttle Hands where in fashion and accounted a great beauty in women 287 What art they use to have them so ibid. What women are noted to have the least Hands of any women in the World ibid. Nations that paint their Hands red 288 Where they make their Hands of a golden tincture ibid. Hands painted with a tawney colour ibid. Hands painted with flowers and Birds ibid. Monsters borne with 4 Hands 301 Monsters born with three Hands ibid. Nations with two Hands on the right side ibid. Nations with six Hands ibid. Monsters borne with one Hand ibid. Nations that have but one Hand 301 302 Monsters borne without Hands 302 303 The strange recompence such Monsters finde 303 Nations that want Hands 306 A strange story of one born with 2 stones in one Hand and one in the other L Leg. NAtions that have but one Leg. 422 Long-Legg'd Nations 423 433 Certaine People where the women affect to have their thighs hips and Legs very thick 425 What art they use to accommodate their fancies in this busines ib. The folly of this custome derided ibid. Other people where the men and women affect great Calves and full Legs 425 426 The absurd Cavill of Momus against the frame of the Leg of man exploded 426 427 A Calfe-swelling punishment inflicted upon some Nations 427 A Crane Legg'd man 428 Little Legs in women what signe 427 Where the women are well proportioned in their Legs ibid. A way to bring Legs to a convenient magnitude 429 Low-pitch'd Calves where in request 430 What industry they use to have it so ibid. High pitcht Calfes where in request 429 430 What meanes they use to advance the Calfe ibid. The impertinency in tampering with Childrens weak Legs 431 432 Their opinion confuted by experience who thinke Children would have distorted Legs unlesse they were diligently involved and constringed in swaithbands 336 That this indiscreet swaithing of Children is many times a cause of the crookednesse of the Legs 334 The crookednesse of the Knee and Leg bones in the Rickets how sometimes occasioned 328 229 A Tailors and Bakers Legs how caused 432 Nations that make lists or markes on their Legs which are esteemed with them a great gallantry 433 Where the womens Legs are crooked ibid. Where the women almost all of them halt ibid. Short-legg'd Nations ibid. Centaures and Onocentaures 437 Men with the Legs of other animals 433 434 435 436 Monsters with the Head and privities of men but with the hand and feet of Apes 437 438 Their originall 437 Satyrs and their originall 439 Gynny Drils of what Tribe 440 Monsters with foure Legs 300 Which kinde of Ape is most like man 441 When Apes began to grow like men 443 Sea-men or men fishes 444 The opinion of the learned concerning semi-men and semi-Beasts Lips VVHere they brand their Lips with red hot Irons especially their upper Lips so make streaks and lines in them 176 Nations that bore holes in their Lips to set precious stones rings and other things therein 176 177 178 179 180 181 The use of the Lips set out 181 182 What uses are hindered or frustrated to the prejudice of Nature by the boring and lading the Lips with Jewels and other things 182 Nations that seem not to understand the naturall uses of Lips 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 Nations that have flat mouths without lips 170 Nations that have copp'd fastigiated Lips ibid. Where there are men who have Lips of a monstrous bignesse 174 Imputed to a prevarication of art ibid. Where they love those that have thick lips ibid That great Lips redound to the prejudice of Nature in her operations 174 175 Where they have Lips propendent a cubit low which they nourish instead of a beard 171 172 That they are hereby dumb ibid. Nations that have their lips about their mouth so great that when they sleep in the sun they cover all their faces with their Lips 173 Some that can bind their Heads with their Lips as well as women do with their haire ibid. Prodigiously prominent and thick lips ibid. 174 Nations that have concrete lips with a hole only in the middle 170 Haire-lips their cause and cure 175 M Mouth VVIde mouths where affected by women they being accounted most beautifull who have the widest mouths 167 168 A conjecture of their using Art to have them so ibid. The naturall proportion of the mouth 169 For women to affect the commendation of beauty in a wide mouth much derogates from the honesty of Nature and her ordinary justice 169 What they may probably suffer by a mouth so wide 170 A little Mouth most commendable in women 169 Why the mouth was given to man 168 Misplaced mouths 175 Men with monstrous mouths 170 Nations that have but one hole in their face ibid. Dwarfes that have no mouths ibid. N Nailes LOng Nailes where extreamely affected as a signe of idle Gentility 289 290 291 292 The hindrance that this affected fashion causeth to the operations of the tops of fingers 291 295 Where it is one of the points of bravery with the principall women to weare long nailes 293 This noted as a great Solicisme in Nature 298 Where to weare long nailes on the Thumbe is a prerogative royall 293 Where they never pare their
founded by Pope Gregory the thirteenth who have all such Heads and this Figure of the Head it seems is so Gentilitiall to a Samaritan that they are apt there to suspect those Collegiates not to be true Samaritans whose Heads are not so exactly moulded to this Figure Nor is this as a private and particular Observation bounded with in the Wals of this Colledge For I have had great discourse with some Merchants that have been great Travellers who told me they have a kind of Physiognomy to discerne of all Nations by the figure of their Heads which Observation is raised upon this ground that whereas every Nation have differences of manners by which they are easily discerned one from another insomuch as you may know of what discent from any Nation any one is either by his Voice Speech Discourse Policy Conversation Diet Affaires Love Hatred Anger and manner of Warfare and such like Exercises so every Nation whether Civill or Barbarian hath not only Peculiar Customes and Rites but also Peculiar Affectations of Forme or Shape of their Bodies which will be Abundantly discovered by a world of strange Artifices and Pragmaticall endeavours Practised in this History even from the Head to Foot all tending to Accomodate their Affectations with the Pride and Vanity of such unnaturall distinctions The Low-Country-Men or Dutch of Belgia Schenekii observat de capite obs 26. ex vesalio have some what Long Heads which with them is the most Fashionable Figure this their Mothers cause being carefull to bring them to it laying them when they are Infants and wrapt in swadling Cloaths in their Cradles suffering them to sleep most upon their sides and Temples Baptist Port. Hum. Physiogn lib. 2. Pinaeus opusc Phys Anat. lib. 1. The Portugals have generally long Heads which happen by the same Artifice of the Midwives for as God makes so the Midwife shapes and shee is directed by the Mother and Women present at her Labour and lying in who all will be sure to put the Midwife in mind of moulding the Childes Head to the Fashion most in request Some also by an affected or an enforced thin Diet have attained unto the same badg of Gentility For that will doe it as Hippocrates affirmes for thereby the Temporall Muscles being dryed up the Temples become thereupon hollow And so their Heads seem longer the proportionate Latitude of the Head being thereby diminished Short-Heads This affectation of Nurses in divers Regions and Families practised upon a supposition of conferring Beauty upon Children Fabric Hild. Cent. 2. observat 99. Sennertus Inflitè lib. 2. pars 2. cap. 13. and their streight binding their Heads to force them to the Formis Sennertus and Hildanus both take Notice of and condemne For by the compression of the Skull and that thus extending of it in length the Braine together with its Ventricles are compressed whence the Spirits not sufficiently prepared and well wrought the Head is weakened and made obnoxious unto Cathars and if such Children grow up to Adolescency which yet happens very rarely they prove to be of a slower and duller Wit that old saying being manifestly verified in them Malas artes Inventoribus malè cedere Purchas Pilg. 4. lib. 6. The Men of Brasil have flat Heads the hinder part not round but flat which may very well be imagined to proceed from some Affectation or Fancie that they have of such a forme of the Head The inconveniences that many times attend this affected Fashion of the Head when the Nape with a little bunchines remaineth not but the Nodock is made flat are that the Brain is not so Figured as is requisite for Wit and Hability For the depression of this posterior prominency of the Head weakens the Habilitie to Action as Galen shewes the reason is because Voluntary motion depends upon the Nerves whose principle the Cerebellum is Since therefore the Originall and chiefe Instrument of Voluntary motion resides in the hinder part of the Head Men are by this depraving the Figure of their Heads made more cold and indisposed unto motion and so likewise unto recordation the After-Braine the seat of Memory being thus perverted Benivenius de abditis Which effect was observed as Benivenius reports in the dissection of one James a Famous Thiefe the hinder part of whose Head where the seat of Memory is was found so short that it contained but a very little portion of Braine for which cause when he could least of all remember the Banishments Imprisonments and Torments he had suffered for his former Villanies falling like an impudent Dog to his Vomit was at last Hanged which put an end to his Life and Theft together At this Day the Grecians and Turks have round Heads much resembling a Globe which they affect and nourish by Art in their Children as holding it the most commodious forme to fit their Turbants and Shashes which they weare on their Heads The Antuerpiensians have also round Heads which is a Comely Fashion as they think and in good repute among them The Virgins of Bruxels likewise for the most part are round-Heads but only that they have a sharper Chin. Caelius Rhod. variar lect lib. 18. The French are observed to have their Heads somewhat Orbicular to which their disposition and Naturall temper is Analogicall And the unnaturalnesse of the Figure leads us to suspect the Artifice of the Nurses hand to concurr to their conformation therefore the French Haberdashers being furnished onely with Hats proportionable for such Heads have much adoe to fit an English Mans Head with a Hat insomuch as when they fall upon this difficulty they are wont to tell him that his Head is not A-la-mode All that they gaine who thus Trespasse against the Justice of Nature enforcing their Heads to a Sphericall form or through roundnesse is a quick moving unstablenesse forgetfullnesse small discretion and little Wit For the Motion of the Spirit never ceaseth nor resteth Broad-Heads as in many French Men and Spaniards Hilly Phisiog and the like in certaine Germans hath been observed and noted For when the forme of the Head is through round then is the middle Ventricle large and the Spirits working in the same so large untill these finde a large place which in the meane time are not sufficiently united and in such wise is the vertue Estimative weakened by that the Spirits are carried round about the bounds of the same insomuch that such Men having the like formed Heads are ill reported of for their proper qualities and conditions in Physiognomie Albertus magn de secret Mulier Albertus Magnus indeed commends a round-Head and would have Boyes loved that have round Heads because that is the most Noble Figure Therefore Nurses saith he are wont to compresse and endeavour to make Boyes Heads round which hence seems to have been accustomed either in Padua or Ratisbone The Apichiqui Pichunsti Sava Purchas Pilgr 4. lib. 7.
People of the Indies affect the same mad Gallantry of a broad Head and platter Face to bring their Children to which Affected deformity they lay one board on the Forehead and another on the Neck so keeping them in press from Day to Day untill they be foure or five Yeares old The Geometricall pates of our Square-headed and Platter-faced Gallants is a new Contrivance For these Fashions of the Head were not knowne and discovered in the time of Galen nor the violation of this Artifice practised Galen reckoning up the foure unnaturall Figures of the Head the first where the Anterior eminency is lost the Posterior remaining in good case the second when the hinder Eminency or out-shoot is wanting the Frontall Jettie safe the third when both of them are missing the Fourth when the Temples are Eminent the Occiput and Sinciput depressed saies for this last Figure it may be imagined but not possibly be found against which Vesalius opposeth himselfe Vesalius cap. 5. lib. 1. alledging both Authority and Experience the Authority is of Hippocrates who as he saies writes that the Head sometimes doth more remarkably protuberat at the Eares then either forward or backward His Experience is taken from Three Whereof the First he saies he saw at Venice another at Bononia a Third at Genua Against him againe Fallopius opposeth himselfe and as for Hippocrates he saith that for this cause he had read Hippocrates through twice and could never finde any such thing and for the Experience he had seen the Venetian Boy who had not this Fourth Figure To Hofman it seems that this ought not to be accounted among the unnaturall or unvaletudinarie Figures For Pet. Aponensis Different 79. Conciliator not insisting upon these Occidentall Indian square-Heads above presented he findes Conciliator to write that he had seen two nay measured their Heads and to have found a greater distance from one Temple to the other then from the Occiput to the Sinciput Hugo Senensis also had seen this Figure as Th. Veiga testifies Th. Veiga Comment in cap. 11. Art Medicinal Gal. and Petrus Martyr saies he saw such a Boy at Milane At last Hofman agrees with Galen that such are Monstrous rare and invitall And verily these square-Headed Gallants must needs suffer some dammage in their intellectuals by this affectation for Physiognomers affirme that a Head that hath Angles argues an impediment of Judgment and ratiocination For even as an Eccho is lesse oppositely formed in Angular Buildings then in an Arch or winding Rounds So the Vigour of Judgment is more flourishing in a Skull Naturally round then in Heads knotty and Angular And therefore Man Naturally hath a great Advantage over other Creatures in the roundnesse of his Head for although in the Fabrick all Creatures seem to answer one generall Rule although they are of divers species and use yet by the wonderfull Device or Invention of God as Lactantius speaks there is one Similitude of frame in all for one disposition and one Habit produceth an innumerable varietie of Living Creatures For in all Creatures that Breath for the most part there is the same Series and order of Members nor do the members onely observe and keep their Tenor and Scituation but also the parts of the Members for in one and the same Head the Eares the Eies the nostrils the Mouth also and in the Mouth the Teeth and Tongue possesse a certain place which being the same in all living Creatures yet there is Infinite and Manifold diversity of Figures for that they are either more produced or contracted or comprised in lineaments variously differing As for Example the Head in other Creatures is formed after a Triangular manner and whereas it ought to be round in Man these Nations distending the orbicularity of their Heads change it into an Angular Body thereby to the great affront of Nature and abasement of the Humane Forme maintaining a greater Analogie between them and bruits then ever she intended If any accidentall depravation of the Head resembling this affected Irregularity threaten prejudice to the operation of the intellect the mischiefe may be prevented in Infants by the Physicall Corrector or Cosmetique Chirurgion whose Office it is to preserve what is according to Nature and in case of misprision to reduce unto the Naturall state the endeavour of which Art hath succceeded happily to many Dr. Garenciers told me he knew a Child that through the difficulty of Birth and the usuall accidents of hard Labour Dogs-Heads his Head was so compressed and driven into a kinde of Angularity that they much suspected some detriment would thereby accrew unto his understanding yet by the Midwives and Nurses care who indeed have the onely opportunity to officiate in this businesse I would they had as much judgment and ability for the place the Childes Head recovered the Naturall shape and it proved to have a very good Wit and understanding And although the Author of the Treasurie of Times indeed holds this for a Fable because all those Countries have been discovered and doe declare no deformity on the Peoples Bodies yet the relation is confirmed by some of the order of Predicants sent as Legats from the Apostolique State unto the Tartars De rebus Tartar c. 9. who assure us that there are a certaine Nation in Tartary who have a Dogs-Face Vinc. Hist lib. 31. cap. 11 Johannes de plano minorita the same Authors adding withall that although the Men have such a resemblance of a Dogs-Head as beforesaid yet the Women have a Humane Visage as other Women in the World have Therefore there is such a Nation the Authors being many and considerable who affirme it and Kornmannus assents thereto conceiving the relation to be true insomuch as it were a shame for any Man to be refractorie in point of beliefe and not to afford Credit to so Evident a truth For although this Nation of Men hath been accounted by many among the Types and Fabulous Narrations of the Ancients yet in these latter Times we have received credible Intelligence of such kind of Nations newly found Johannes de Plancarpio and Vincentius Burgundius make relations of Nations lately discovered having such dog-like-Dog-like-Heads Odericus Poster affirmes that in Nicoverra a City of India there are men that have dogs-Dogs-Heads Mandevils Travels cap. 61. in the Isle called Macumeran which is a great Isle and a faire the Men and Women who are reasonable have Heads like Hounds Marcus Paulus the Venetian assures us that there is an Island named Daganian Kornmannus cals it Anganian the Inhabitants whereof have Heads like unto Dogs and live by feeding on Humane Flesh and Pausanias delivers unto us a relation of one Euphemus by descent a Carian who saw such People in the Islands of the Oceans when he was driven thither by a Tempest as he was sailing into Italy That testification also that Aristotle gives of Pigmies is much reverenced by Johannes Camers
a little Town ten Miles distant from Taurin Teurin Anno Dom. 1578 Amb. Paraeus lib. 24. cap. 2. the seventeenth of January about 8 of the clock at Night an honest Matron brought forth a Child having five hornes one against another on his Head like unto Rams hornes Lanfraneus saw a man who came unto him for his advice Lanfraneus tract 3. Doct. 2. cap. 3. Chirur Major who had seven Eminencies in his Head one greater then another and in divers places whereof one was so great and acute like the horne of a young Goat or an Inch long Ingrassias saith Ingrassias that together with that prudent Chirurgian Iacobus à Sorius he saw at Panhorn a certaine Noble Virgin who had many crooked hornes sharpe at the end representing the Effigies of the hornes of a young Steere which rendred her so deformed that she rather look'd like a Devill then a Woman One Margaret about sixty years the Widow of David Owen a Welsh Man had growing in her Forehead a horn much like unto the horns of a Lamb as I finde in a private marginall note to Schenckius observations written by some Physician or Chirurgion that owned the Book It is reported of a certaine Sect of the Bannian Priests Aloisius Epist Meaco Iaponis ad Indias Sinas missa that they have as it were a little horne standing out upon their Heads I remember I have read in Camerarius or some other a Story of a certaine King who being jealous of his Queen and supposing himselfe to be a Cuckold dreamt one night that he was cornuted indeed and that he had reall hornes budding out of his Forehead and he found his dream true when he waked which the Author there descanting upon conceives to be possible by Vertue of Imagination transferring matter thither fit for such a production Horned Nations That hornes may be engrafted upon the Head appeares possible by the report too we have read of some Nations who are wont to cut off the spurs from the heeles of Cocks new gelt and to ensert them so cut off into their own Foreheads which afterwards encrease there and grow in a wonderfull manner Now whether this cornuted Nation was the offspring of any horned Monsters sufferd to propogate themselves and so to become nationall or whether they at first affecting such a badge of Beastiall strength engrafted them and so it became Naturall unto them I leave to my Masters of the Jury to find out upon a Melius inquirendum Among other contrivances of Mans cruell invention I shall annex a strange Histoy out of Fabricius Hildanus In the Yeare 1593 at Paris there was an Infant about 15 or 18 Months old who had the skin of its Head so extended that it exceeded the magnitude of the Head of any Infant Hydrocephalos that was ever seen This Childs Parents did carry it about from Town to Town to shew and thereby exceedingly enriched themselves Among other Monstrous formes and prodigious apparitions of the Head we shall here present Bicipites or Men with two Heads I saw saith Hali a Man that was Borne having two Heads one seperated from the other Coelius Rhodiginus is reported to have seen two Monsters in Italy one a man the other a Woman Paraeus lib. 24. oper suor cap. 2. their Bodies in all parts well and neately composed but that they had two Heads of which the Woman lived five and Twentie Yeares Bicipites Anno 1538 there was one Borne who grew up to the perfect Stature of a Man with his Head and Shoulders only double so that one Head was backwardly opposite unto the other wonderfull like one another their Beards and Eyes very much resembling each the other they had both the same appetite to meat both sensible of one hunger Ruâ—ff lib. 5. cap. 3. de concap generat hom their voyce alike the same desire of one Wife which they had and of enjoying her was to both Heads he was above 30 Yeares of age when my Author chanced to see him The like Monster Lycosthenes saw in Bavaria Anno 1541 Lycost Prodig ostent Chron. shee was a Woman of about Twenty six Yeares old with two Heads whereof one was sufficiently deformed I confesse I have not in all my inquisition discovered a Nation of such Men although there may possibly be such a Nation in the World since there have been such of both Sexes and wee by these relations see they may live to the Age of generation although it be against the common condition of Monsters who for the most part are very short lived for as they are borne against Nature so they live moreover they are very irksome to themselves because they are mocking-stocks to other Mortals therefore they judge their life displeasing to them but the number of those that have been Borne with two Heads are very many Lycost Anno mundi 3791. Ruff. lib. 5. cap. 3 de generat Homi. In Vientum there was a Boy Borne with two Heads At Frusinon a maid brought forth a Son with two Heads Anno Domini 601 there was a Boy Borne that was double Headed Men with two Heads Lycost lib prodig An. 3838. uterque ut Schenchius videtur ex Julio obsequente Lycost lib. prod Anno 1552 in Hassia three dayes after the Feast of the three Kings or Twelfth-Tide there was a Masculine Infant borne with two Heads a double Neck and with a Body very well compact and agreeing with the other members Anno 554 in the Village of Senas there was a Monstrous Boy Borne with two Heads which Valeriola reports from the Testimonie of Men of Credit who were Spectators and Eye witnesses of this Prodigie Valeriola loc com lib. 1. cap. 18 Cicero speaks of a Girle Borne with two Heads Cicero de divinat Aventimus Annal. Bojorum lib. 7. About the Yeare of our Lord 1413. On the 9th of the Calends of Aprill there was a Girle Borne in Sanders-Droff with two Heads Anno 1544 in the Month of January there was a Female Childe Borne with two Heads Cardan de variet lib. 14. cap. 77. in all other things representing one Body Anno 1487 at Patavia there was an Infant Borne Licosth lib. prodig in whom besides this Capitall luxurie there was nothing uncomely to behold Anno 1536 at Lovane there was an Infant Borne with two Heads Gemma lib. 1. c. 6. Cosmocrit And in the memory of Peucerus there was a Child seen in Hassia Peucerus Teratoscop 440. Facie aversa the fift of the Ides of January Anno 440 with two Heads reflected towards the Back whose Faces being obverse beheld one another with a frowning countenance Anno 1553 in a certaine village of Misnia Lycosth prodi called Zichest not far from Pirnauu there was an Infant Borne with two Heads being absolute in all the other Members Bicipites The apparition of these Monstrous Men was ever held prodigious
harder and parted with none or few sutures by which temper of their climates and their concurring Artifice they obtaine indeed a notable defence against outward injuries more then the ordinary provision of Nature doth affoord but thereby they become more obnoxious to internall injuries to wit to those diseases which arise from the retention of fuliginous vapours and their thick skuls may render them more indocile and oblivious as the Indians of Hispancola are noted to be Celsus therefore is mistaken where he affirmes their Heads to become thereby more firme and safe from pain but he more derogates from the justice and Wisdome of Nature when he affirmes that the fewer sutures there be the health of the Head is more thereby accommodated both which opinions of Celsus Fallopius very moderately expounds by way of distinction saying Gabr. Fallopius comment in lib. Gal. de Offibus that his opinion is partly true and partly false for if you understand him of those affections that have pain from an internall cause then it is so farr that their Heads should not ake that they rather ake since there are found many affections which arise from vapours and smoak retained but if we understand it of those griefs which may arise from long abode under the Sun or from the coldnesse of the ambient Aire his opinion is most true because since there are no sutures there can be no transpiration of externall aire hot or cold therefore he must be understood of paines which proceed from an extrinsique cause But the other part of his opinion is not to be endured of those who tender the reputation and honour of Nature For Reald. Columb Anat. lib. 1. cap. 5. Columbus from many most certaine arguments drawn from experience and dissections made upon the skuls of many men and which is more strange and scarce credible some Women who have died of incurable Head-aches have been assured finding in their skuls small sutures and those conjoyned close together that their paines have been occasioned from that too close composition of bones and hath hence tooke a just occasion to right Nature by this honourable conclusion That the sutures of the Head doe not only conferre to the defence of the Bodies health but do conferr more unto it by how much the greater and looser they shall be Wherefore saith he I could never approve of the opinion of Cornelius Celsus asserting that Heads without sutures are not only most strong and firme but also free from all manner of griefs such as are to be found in hot and scorching Regions for he only takes notice of causes hurting the Head from without sure if the saying of Celsus were true those Heads should be weaker and more apt to suffer which had remarkable sutures then those which had small or no sutures at all But since it is otherwise and the Braine is more apt to be damnified by internall suliginous recrements then outward injuries we must conclude that those Heads which have more ample sutures are far safer from paine then those that are destitute of them or are intersected with small and very close ones SCENE II. Bald pates Certaine Fashions of Haire affected by divers Nations and their opinions and practise about Haire-rites most derogatory to the Honour of Nature THe Arymphaei who dwell near the Ryphaean Mountaines Ravisius ex Herodoto esteem Haire upon the Head to be a very great shame and reproach and therefore they affect baldnesse and are so from their nativity both men women The Arnupheae as Pliny reports be all shorne and shaven Pliny lib. 6. for both Men and Women count it a shame to have haire on their Heads The Argippaei Jo Bohemus de ritibus gent. lib. 2. that live under the roots of the high mountains in Scythia are bald from their Nativity both Men and Women Lindschoten lib 1. cap. 26. The Japonians account it for a great Beauty to have no Haire wh ch with great care they do pluck out only have a bunch of Haire on the Crown of their Heads which they tye together Grimstone of their manners Another saith some of them pull away their Haire before and others behind and the peasants and meaner sort of People have halfe the Head bald the Nobility and Gentry have few Haires behind and if any one touch them that are left they hold it for a great offence Sr. John Mandevils Travels cap. 54. In the Land of Lombe wher groweth good Wine and Women drinke Wine and Men none the Women shave their Heads and not Men. That the Haire should be as these Nations conceive a most abject excrement an unprofitable burthen and a most unnecessary and uncomely covering and that Nature did never intend that excrement for an Ornament is a piece of Ignorance or rather malicious impiety against Nature How great an Ornament the Haire is to the Head appears by the deformity is introduced by baldnesse If the Haire were an excrement it should be shut quite out of the Body but this remaines in and they have many different accidents of which they ought to give a finall cause and not to tie them to the necessity of matter which is supposed one end of their production Neither doe they proceed from the fuliginous excrements of the Braine as some are pleased to think but rather as Spigelius well notes of Blood attracted by the root of the Haire unto the rest of the Plant and Trunck which may be procured from those things which in other Creatures hold analogy with the Haires of Man And therefore when the Braine is consumed baldnesse ensues the allowed plenty of blood exhausted The Naturall use of Haire to wit that from whence Haires and wherewith the Braine and the circumstant parts are nourished The prime end therefore of the Haire of the Head is to defend the skin the second use is to defend the Braine from injuries from without or from within From without there may happen to fall upon it Aire Raine Haile from within Vapours exhaling from the inferior parts may prove troublesome The Aire may hurt the Head many waies by coldnesse constipating the Pores of the skin whence the regresse of Vapours is exhibited by heat whence the Spirits are dissipated and the Braine as it were sod by moistnesse relaxing the internall parts by drinesse astringing all and consuming the innate humiditie against all these inconveniences which the foolish malice of these Men bring upon their Heads the Haire by covering the Head doth very aptly bring reliefe Raine moistens Haile smites on it the density of the Haire keeps off one the other the ductus or course of the Haire turns away for the thicknesse of the Haire admits not easily of Raine and the turnings of the Haire doe straightway cast off the Haile that fals upon the Head In like manner they abate the force of internall Contingencies for they affoord a passage to Vapours elevated from the
inferior parts and ascending to the top of the Head granting a free and open way unto them And since the Braine is severed so farr from the Fountaine of heat and confining so neer the Bones and under them fenced with no fat these Haires protect and warme it They therefore that cut them wholly away doe not only bring a deformitie upon Nature but affoord an occasion to defluxions Wee must avert then from Nature these calumnies of the opinions and practices of Men That no Haire is necessary or comely in Man That Haires are a purgament of the Body altogether unprofitable growing only that they may be shaved being made by Nature to doe nothing and recommend those Cosmetiques as laudable which preserve Haire for the use and intention of Nature condemning all those wayes of decalvation practised by the Ancients to the prejudice of Nature nothing but the rigid law of inexorable necessity in case of diseases being able to excuse Man for introducing upon himselfe a voluntary baldnesse shaving generally speaking being servile ridiculous and proper to Fooles and Knaves an infamous blot of effeminacy an index of ignominy calamitie and dammage uncomely because allied unto depiled baldnesse being in sooth a voluntary spontaneous and wilfull baldnesse shaving off the Head unto the quick being from all antiquity appropriated unto Fooles being proper in them to signifie the utter deprivation of Wit and understanding and at first began in mockery and to move laughter not to mention how repugnant it is to divine writ it is apparently a shame and a disgrace put upon Nature and the reproach as an indeleble Character of infamy cleaves unto the memory of him who beares the Name of Corses for being the first who suffered the Haire of his Head to be shaved His wit therefore was affected with a shamefull and impious Itch who scratcht his Head for such a Paradox as praised baldnesse Sinesius by Name who therein shewed more Wit then Honesty for because Dion had justly commended a bush of Haire he forsooth on the contrary would take upon him to commend baldnesse That the Haire is a Naturall Ornament all Allegoricall Authors have significantly maintained The Naturall Dign of Hair and that the depravation and voluntary absence thereof is a blemish and introduceth an aspect of humiliation most Nations have by their practice asserted and therein given their suffrage to the Naturall comelinesse thereof Amongst the Indians the King causeth the Haire of the greatest Malefactors to be cut thinking that to be the greatest reproach and punishment Herodot Purchas Pilgr 2. lib. 10. The Persians and the Canaryns Women cut their Haire at the Funerall of their Friends The People of Brasil and Southerne parts of America Idem pilgr. 2. lib. 7. although when they are angry they let their Haire grow long when they mourne they cut it Idem Pilgr 2. lib. 7. In Pegu Men and Women that be neer akin shave their Heads in signe of mourning Jeremiah 48. cap. 37. And baldnesse and a shaved Head were practicall tokens of mourning among the Jews Munster Cosmograph lib. 6. cap. 38. The Aegyptians onely who have many strange customs contrary to Nature whereas most mortals in Funerals shave their Heads and let their Beards grow long they on the contrary let their Haire grow long and shave their Beards Herberts Travels They of the Cape of Good Hope some shave one side of their Heads and leave the other curled and long Grimstone of their manners The inhabitants of S. Croix of the Mount their Heads are shaven bare on either side having a tuft of Haire in the midst some shave but one halfe either on the right side or on the left and most of them round about suffering the Haire to grow in the midst they say they received this custome from one Paicume Capt. Smiths Hist of Virginia The Sasquesahanoughs a Giant-like People of Virginia weare their Haire on the one side long the other short and close with a ridge over their Crownes like a Cocks combe The Dacians shave the crowne of their Head suffering the Haire to grow in the middle clipping it here and there in orbe Although these Men deprive themselves in a manner of halfe the benefit intended them by Nature yet some of them did it not out of any malice to Nature for whereas they had before-time much Haire upon their Fore-heads and the Enemy taking occasion thereby to lay hold on them the more easily they shaved themselves before and kept their Haire long behind But the ancient Gaules had no such colourable excuse but they remained as they use to paint opportunity Fronte capillata post est occasio calva And if the Maxies and the inhabitants of the Cape of Good Hope offer no affront to Nature in shaving one halfe of their Heads and letting the other grow Mâ—ns Haire fillited David was very impertinently angry with Hanun for serving his Ambassadors after that manner and they needed not to have staid at Jericho untill their Haire was grown And Demosthenes might have walked abroad without reproach when he had thus shaved his Head that for shame of being seen in so deforming a Garb of Haire he might keep the closer unto his study Neither are your Catch-Poles thus shaved at the Inns of Court any way ill intreated Pet. Mart decad 3. They of the Region Quicuri in the West Indies the Women use to cut their Haire but the Men let it grow behinde which they binde up with fillets and winde it in sundry rols as our Maides are accustomed to doe Cap Smiths Hist of Virginia The Women the Naturall Inhabitants of Virginia are cut in many Fashions agreeable to their Yeares but ever some part remaineth long Capt. Smiths descrip of New England In New England among the Native Inhabitants when a Maid is Married shee cutteth her Haire and keeps her Head covered untill it be growne again Pet. Mart. decad 7. Hieron Giravae Cosmograph The Chicoranes nourish their black Haire down to their Girdles and the Women in longer trace round about them both Sexes tie up their Hair Magin Indor In China the Men as well as the Women doâ— weare long Haire rolling it up upon the top oâ— their Heads which they fasten with a silver pin Magin America In Peru the Men weare long Haire which theâ— binde up with fillets Lindschoten The Bramenes never cut their Haire but weare it long and turned up as the Women doe Purchas Pilgr 2. lib. 9. The Quieteves Haire-Fashion is in hornes mocking them that want them as Women Long-haired Men. for as the Males have hornes which the Female Beasts want so these salvage Beasts also The Quieteves have a Fashion none may imitate four hornes one of a span long on the mould of the Head like a Unicorne and three of halfe a span one on the Neck at each Eare another all upright to the top
In Savoy Plin. Nat. Hist lib. 11. Dauphine and Languedock about the Alpes both Men and Women wear long Haire whereupon a part of France was called Comata D. Junius the reverend Pastor of Delph Revius de usu Capillitii doth witnesse that in an Island called the Beautifull Island the Men wore their Haire as long as Women which they had much adoe to make them leave off Whereby you may see it is true what Plinie affirmes that Men by the Donation of Nature have as long Haire on their Head as Women if they let it grow and ne're cut it The Haire in a more speciall manner was given Woman for a covering In all kind of Creatures and in every sexe Nature hath placed some note of difference Haire Regulated and the judgment of Nature is no way ambiguous where she hath granted by a peculiar indulgence as an Ornament and beauty the increase of long Haire even down unto the Feet Nature having allowed them in recompence of their smoothnesse and want of a Beard prolixe Haire which use hath rolled up a custome some seeme too strictly to urge who will not allow Women to have Haire hanging downe by their Cheeks but all to be bound up and hid Certainely such a dependant part by it selfe of its own Nature is not contrary to the Law of Nature or unlawfull neither is it intrinsically evill so that it can never be honest for positis ponendis it may stand with the honesty of Nature and the modesty of a Christian Woman But for a Woman to be shorne is cleerly against the intention of Nature in suffrage to which truth the Germans and ancient Gaules thought there could no greater punishment be inflicted upon a Woman for adultery then to cut her Haire and to turne her so disgracefully out of doors deprived of the peculiar Ornament of her sex It is noted also that that Consult of the Senate of Athens upon occasion of their Army which perished in Aegina was against the Law of Nature which commanded Men to nourish their Haire and the Women to cut theirs And no lesse despight against Nature shewed Aristodemus the Tyrant of Cumana when he commanded all the Virgins to be trimm'd round For Men to nourish long Haire is quite contrary to the intention of Nature even by the judgment of St. Paul Doth not Nature saith he teach you that long Haire in a Man is a shame 'T is true our common parent nature hath planted the Head the tower of Reason and the Senses and the principle Sanctuary of the faculty of the Soul with a fruitfull grove of Haire partly that they should imbibe the afflux of subrepent humours partly that this covering might be usefull against the injuries of Aire and the stings of insects yet she would not as it were by an irrefragable Edict establish a sempiternall and unrestrained permission to the luxurie of Haire but made it lawfull for us to cut it according to our arbitrement and to revoke that superfluous and recrementitious off-spring of Haire to a just moderation and as we prune luxurious Vines so wee may take away and freely coerce that improficuous matter of Haire nourishing of extraordinarie long Haire having been ever infamous to Men in all ages and Tonsure comely necessary to the trimming of the Body proper healthfull and honorifique an argument of virility to a free and politique Creature as Man is for to what use or purpose should that superfluous crop of Haire serve or what emolument it can bring none can see unlesse it be to breed Lice and Dandro after the manner of your Irish who as they are a Nation estranged from any humane excellency scarce acknowledge any other use of their Haire then to wipe their hands from the fat and dirt of their meales and any other filth for which cause they nourish long fealt locks hanging down to their Shoulders which they are wont to use in stead of Napkins to wipe their grensie Fingers The Getae also and Barb'rous Indians are condemned for never cutting nor regulating their Haire as suffering themselves to enter into a nearer alliance with Beasts then ever Nature intended who hath made Man more smooth and nothing so hairy as they are The Haire Regulated For Man therefore to weare Haire so long as it may serve for a covering as Womans Haire is was never intended to be allowed by Nature since such Haire may somewhat hinder the actions of common life which the Nazarites who cut not their Haire seeing and knowing by sense they not only converted their Haire unto the sides but turned them behind their Ears and to the hinder parts of the Head by that meanes sparing their Haire and meeting with the inconvenience which may happen to the action of the Eye and Organ of the Eare if they be covered with Haire Which parting of the Haire occasioned that discerning Organ seam or Middle way which appears so commonly in Women being not a Naturall but an artificiall line of distinction because made by Art although for a Naturall end such as are the Actions of the said Eyes and Eares And in troth if wee examine the matter more fully to what end should wee either mingle or change the custome or the sequestring variance of virile Nature with Feminine that one Sex cannot be known or distinguished from another for wee that wee may be no lesse differing in our trimming and Ornament then we are in Sex doe cut our Haire neither is there any more Reason that we should counterfeit Women then they Men None can deny but that both have been accounted a shamefull reproach Diogenes to one with curled long Haire asking a question denied to answer untill he was ascertained whether he was a Man or a Woman But the maine Quaere is what long Haire it is that is repugnant to Nature against her Law and against above or beside the Naturall use and against the order of Nature Tonsure Regulated which very Beasts observe and which turnes to the Dammage of the user which is nothing else then to be strange from the end for which Haire was given to Man whether the Haire of Man ought to be any longer then barely to cover the skul or whether they should be allowed which touch not the Cranium and are not in the Head but notably descend below the skul and can bring no reliefe to the Head and whether such Haire can be either honest comely or full of Majesty Some think that God hath delineated the bounds of the Haire about the Forehead and that since the bounds are so Graphically struck out as it were with a paire of Compasses therefore it is not lawfull to transgresse these bounds Which doth not follow for by the same rule Women are to be shorne since they have originally those determined bounds of the Haire which are called by our Barbers the Normal Angles Because the Bones are delineated where they arise therfore should they run
more troublesome and prone to vex Women who have a faire head of Haire which happens througâ—h the just permission of God for the vanity pomp and idle complacency of such Women who spend too much time in trimming and colouring their Haire insolently glorying in that improved Ornament and oftentimes by their Beauty inflaming others to lust and so perchance for terrour the providence of Divine goodnesse permits them to suffer this tentation from evill spirits that they might desist from such vaine care fearing to ensnare Men with their Hair to lust after them since they seem to instigate and provoke to lust the very Divels themselves Which may serve for a caveat to the frizeled and over powdered Gallants of our times Haire-Anointers lest they provoke some succubus to give them an unlookt for visitation Purchas pilgr. 2. lib. 7. The Abassines let their Haire grow which serves them for an hat and Head tire and for finer bravery they curle and anoint their Haire with butter which shewes in the Sun like grasse in the morning dew lest their locks and curles should be disordered when they goe to Bed each one pitcheth a forke or cratch a foot high in the ground betwixt the hornes whereof he reposeth his Neck and sleepeth with his Head hanging The Jessamine Butter with which our Gallants anoint their Haire is a pretious invention belonging to the same vanitie Helyn Terra Nigrit The Manicongo Nobilitie for the greater Gallantrie anoint their Haire with the fat of Fishes which makes them stink most abominably Here 's Glorious Cosmetiques for our tender Gallants which would prove as pleasing to their hostericall Mistresses as the sweet Atomes which make such a Cirque of Olimpique dust upon their hoarie Shoulders And to make a little bold with the handsome expression of a Gentleman who as I understand could have been content my Booke by comming a little sooner to his hand had afforded him the same opportunity Our Gallants wittie noddles are put into such a pure modified trim the dislocations of every Haire so exactly set the whole bush so curiously candied and which is most prodigious the naturall jet of some of them so exalted into a perfect azure that their familiar Friends have much adoe to own their Faces For by their powdered Heads Powdered Haire you would take them to be Meal-men 'T is a great benefit of Nature to to have the liberty of a free transpiration whereby through the curious emunctions of the pores she doth constantly emitt and disburden herselfe of superfluous evaporations which otherwise we may well think those sewers being blockt and choakt up with that sweet artificiall dust conglomerated into dirt by the furious acting of their fiery Braines may in time dissolve in distillations and if not obfuscate their inventions when they have a disposition to court their Mistresses with some rare Piece of Posie find a passage to their Lungs and cacexicate their pretty Corpusculums if not in time make way for a Consumption And besides the oppilation of those invisible perforations through which Nature is wont to wire-draw spare humours into a fine excrescency for a supplementall handsome Ornament it is to be doubted the old stock too by vicinity after a while grow putrid and fall away and then they will either looke like pill'd Ewes or else must put on a beastly thing call'd a Perriwigg and make their Friends put a worse interpretation upon the matter then there may be cause indeed one advantage they may happily have by this artifice that by often sweating and new dredging their Heads for recruit in short time their Heads may grow so well stockt in six footed Cattell that they need not be to seek at any time of a medicine for the Jaundies Frizling and curling of Haire with hot Irons which was lately much in fashion with us an artificial affectation in imitation of a naturall bush of Haire was in practise among the Romans Men with plated Haire Ovid de remed amore Cum graciles essent tamen lanuginis instar Heu mala vexatae quanta tulere comae Quam se praebuerat ferro patienter igni Vt fieret torto Nexilis orbe sinus Clamabam scelus est istos scelus urere crines Sponte decent capiti ferrea parce tuo In proem ad lib. 1 controvers Seneca well observed and censured this vanity It is now held the accomplished Gallantry of our Youth to frizle their Haire like Women to speake with an effeminate smalnesse of voice and in tendernesse of Body to match them and to bedeck themselves with most undecent trimming But their extreame curiosity in platting and folding their Haire he in another place most lively describes and as sharply but justly reproves how doe they chafe if the barber be never so little negligent as if he were trimming a Woman how do they take on if any thing be lopped off their feaks or foretops if any thing lie out of order if every thing fall not even into their rings or curles which of these would not rather choose that the state whereof he is a member should be in combustion then his Haire should be displatted who is not much more solicitous of the grace of his Head then of his health who maketh not more account to be fine then honest Periwigs also have been an ancient vanity and assumed by them who were not well pleased with Natures donative for the Romans as many Gallants among us wore Haire which they bought instead of their own Jurat capillos esse quos emit suos Fabulla nunquid illa Paule pejerat Periwlgd bald pates Fabulla swears her Haire which at a rate She bought is hers is she forsworne in that And this without any shame they openly bought Foemina procedit densissima crinibus emptis Proque suis alios efficit arte suos Nec pudor est emisse palam Calvo turpius est nihil comato Martial lib. 1. Epigr. 7. Then bushie baldnesse nothing is more deformed Little Foreheads affected SCENE III. Frontall Fashions affected by divers Nations Ferrand Erotomania Montaigne in his Essaies THe Mexicans judge those the most beautifull that have little Foreheads and whereas they shave their Haire over all their Bodies besides by Artificiall meanes they labour to nourish and make it grow only in their Foreheads and it is to be suspected that the Matrons of Secota in Florida by some such artifice have a short Forehead De Bry. Hist Ind. The late Fashion generally used amongst us both by Men and Women of bringing down the Haire to cover the Forehead and almost to meet the Eye-brows savour'd somewhat of this affectation Which art of making a faire Forehead Oswaldus Gabelhover seems either to have learned of them or they of him Spigelius The Russians love a broad Forehead and use art to have theirs so Their Faces being explained and drawn out in their infancy thereby to
direct their Foreheads to grow in this forme All endeavour to pervert and alter the Naturall form of the Forehead is a disparagement of Nature Broad Foreheads and any mutation wrought therein by Art implies a fault imperfection and privation and the further the altered figure recedes from the Naturall the greater the affected transgression of the Phancie is But to speake the truth a broad square Forehead so it be proportionate is not a figure much different from the Naturall And indeed to the Russians who are of a square proportion for the most part broad short and thick a broad Forehead which in a manner resembles a quadrangle may be somewhat suitable I call that a quadrangle broad Forehead which is longer in one part and hath two opposite sides equall having right upper angles in the front produced unto the Bones of the Temples and ending in that part wherin the Anterior implantation of Temporall Muscles ariseth which quadrangular figure since it hath two equall sides opposite one unto the other one of these greater sides of the quadrangle is above nigh to the Haire the other opposite unto it is described in a right line stretched about both the Eye-brows and protracted even unto the extreame parts of them The lesser sides are those which are noted by a line descending by both the Temples and knitting in both the greater sides together which figure is Platonick for from such a broad Face and Forehead Plato had his name as Plutarch and Nearchus report The People of Syginnus a City of Aegypt use great care to have exporrected Foreheads The Italians for the most part doe much rejoyce in a prominent Forehead especially in the upper part of the Forehead which is perpendicularly opposite unto the Nose wherein a certaine part of their Haire jets out so Prominent Fore-heads that it seems to represent a certaine hillock which they most affect thinking it to be a sign of a valiant Man insomuch that they who would seeme to be Valiant and Military Men nourish that part of the Haire procuring it to encline upon their Foreheads that it may shew being convex in the middle a certaine gibbosite as it were the lesser part of a little stoole-ball which fashion seems lately to be revived by some of our Ladies However this politick Nation may delude themselves with the opinion and practise of this errour yet there is nothing in this affected Fashion that is very manly a round prominent Forehead with such a convexity being rather feminine nay hath somewhat in it of the Forehead of an Asse Baldus would call such a Forehead elevated in the middle seeming to represent the lesser halfe of a Spheare a ridiculous monster being a preternaturall figure which cannot afford a good Wit which is a passion following the Naturall state of the Head and if I should not charge them with tampering with the mould of their Foreheads as I think I justly might since what ever any Nation affects as fashionable that they account most amiable and decent and the Gallants will have if Nature denie it them by the provocations of Art as that will doe it yet we must accuse them of a high Trespasse committed against the Majestie of Nature in that by that laboured prominence of their Forehead they apparently damnifie Nature in one of the most considerable and important actions of the Eye which is the sublime and contemplating aspect thereof to Heaven To vindicate the regular beauty and honesty of Nature from these Plastique Impostors we say that a Forehead that keeps its Naturall magnitude is one of the unisons of the Face whose longitude which we must conceive of a right line descending perpendicularly is the third part of the Face and ought to answer the length of the Nose so that if wee compare it to the rest of the Face it ought to have the proportion of a halfe part to a duple its longitude also naturally is such that the front is likewise in a duple proportion of one to two you may conferre it with the gyre of the hinder part of the Head after this manner let the occiput of a man well proportioned be measured with a thread beginning at the part of the Temples wherein the Haires terminate the Forehead and leading it round in orb by the occiput untill you end in the other part of the Temples this thread will prove halfe the length which is from both the Temples by the front and Synciput this is the length of the Forehead and is to the circumference of the Occiput under which the last venter of the braine is and the beginning of the After-braine as one to two and its altitude to the rest in like manner and to the whole Face that it is its third not otherwise also then it is the third part of the whole circumference of the Head This Forehead is also called a great Forehead Cloudy Foreheads affected if it be compared with a feminile Forehead and it appeares so much the greater the more it approacheth to a plainnesse being neither globous nor tuberous as the Forehead of Women Boyes or those which transposed beyond Nature by the violence of Art are The reason why the Forehead should rather draw nigh to a certaine plainnesse then a concavity or a convexity is this for that plainnesse is a certaine meane between a convex and a concave figure Now a front that is disposed according to Nature comes into a Naturall mediocrity because that conduceth most to the advantage of Man that he might be vigorous in sence and memory which he cannot well exercise unlesse he have an out-jetty of the occiput which could not be done unlesse the part of the Spheare opposite unto it should be pressed together therefore it is so framed that a plaine Forehead is adjoyned to a tuberous occiput A contrivance cleane crossing the intention of Nature Stigmatiz'd Fore-heads who never meant the Forehead should be alwaies cloudy nor ever cleere but to change scenes occasionally according to the severall affections of the mind The ingenious Women are marked with certaine notes in the Forehead Johan Bohem. de moribus lib. 3. which is accounted a kind of generosity they esteeming it an argument of ignoblenesse to be without them Among the Thracians also these frontall characters were most familiar Pancerol tit 2. de porcell and esteemed a great ensigne of Honour and Nobility Cicero lib. 2. de offic Cicero's phrase is that they were notis compuncti and hence such marks were called Threiciae notae and many of the Indians are at this day of the same opinion and practise I remember to have seen in London a well favoured Blackmore Boy who had the mark of a barbed Arrow standing in the midst of his Forehead The penall lawes of some states have indeed inflicted upon runnegate slaves and Malefactors Spotted Foreheads as notes of slavery and infamy branded markes on the Forehead but for Men
be afforded for the possibility of such Nations as is for the productions of such Monocular Monsters Lycost Chron. de prod ost anno mundi 3772. Zonarus in Michaele ducis filie as wee sometimes meet with in the Chronicles of prodigious ostents And Zonarus reports that in Constantinople there was a Monocular Child borne for as it happens for Men to be borne without both Eyes so nothing hinders but Men may be borne without Eye onely And there are Historicall Records of Men borne without Eyes Livie decad 4. lib. 8. Livie witnesseth that at Ariminum there were ingenious Boyes borne without Eyes and without a Nose Zonarus in Mauritie Zonarus testifies that in Thrace there was one borne without Eyes and Eye-lids Lycost lib. prodig Anno Domini 1503. In Hassia there was an Infant borne with all his Members well distinguished saving that wholly he wanted Eyes Eares and Nostrils having onely a Mouth in his Face Sr. John Man Travels cap. 62. Sr. John Mandevill reports of Nations without eyes for he saith that in an Iland belonging to the King of Dodyn there are Men without Eyes but they have two round holes instead of Eyes And in another Island are Men that have no Head nor Eyes and their Mouth is in their Shoulders Such Monstrous constitutions of Eyes have also been seen in certaine Men that have had foure Eyes Anno Domini 308 at Daphnes that most pleasant and ambitious Suburbe of Antiochia A horrid thing to relate or see Nations with Eies misplaced there was borne in the times of Constantine the Emperour a Monster to wit an Infant with two Mouths two Teeth a Beard foure Eyes and two very short Auricles An Anconitanian Woman brought forth a certaine Monster for in the third or fourth Month of her impregnation she sent forth a certaine mishapen fleshie little Body which was all rough and hairie having foure Eyes Wee read of some Nations whose Eyes are misplaced and planted in other strange and hid parts of the Body Sr. John Mandevill reports Sr. John Man Travels that in one of the Islands under the Government of the King of Dodyn there are men that have Eyes in their Shoulders and their Mouths on their Breasts In Aegypt it pleased them to nourish a Portent a Man with two Eyes Plinie lib. 11. cap. 52. in the hinder part of his Head but seeing not at all with them but this being a single Monster is not so admirable as if there were some such Nation found and why not a Nation as well as single Monsters which in Chronicles wee meet with In Millane Anno 1542 Pet. Lampagn lib. 2. prodigior suor a certaine Plebeian Woman called Faustina brought forth an Infant with Eyes seated in his shoulders such an one was Borne in Vasconia and in Misnia an Infant was borne which had his Eyes in his Breast which you shall finde spoken of before in our relation of headlesse Men. It is not without a miracle of transformation Aulus Gellius lib. 9. cap. 4. what Aulus Gellius reports that there are Men who have two Pupils in each Eye both Men and women Eye-painters and that they kill them whom they long behold when they are angry and that these are in Illyria but Plinie saith that they are not onely in Illyria but in Triballio and Scythia which is called Bythinia and also he reports of such men inhabiting Pontus and that have sometimes in their Eyes the Effigies of a horse Plinie lib. 7. cap. 2. But Plinie was deceived by the ambiguitie of the word as Voscius and Dalecampius observe for the word in Philarchus was * Horse-Eye Hippos which signifies a perpetuall shaeling of the Eyes which Plinie hath falsly rendred the Effigies of a Horse Sr. John Mandevils Travels cap 92. Beyond the valley on the left side the River Pison in an Isle Northward there are many evill and foule women who have pretious stones in their Eyes and they have such a force that if they behold any Man with wroth they slay them with beholding as the Basilisk doth Purchas Pilgr 1. lib. 1. In the 49 degree of the South Pole there are Gyants who have red circles painted about their Eies among other notes of their fearfull bravery Idem Pilgr 2. lib. 7. They of Cape Lopos Gonsalves both Men and Women use sometimes to make one of their Eyes white the other red or yellow Lindschoten lib. 1. The Guineans use to paint one Eye red many times the other white or yellow Fox North-west passage The women in the Northern Islands about Greenland have blew stroaks about their Eyes Purchas Pilgr 2. lib. 9. The subjects of a certaine King farre from the River Gambra for a distinction have three streaks under their Eyes The Turks have an Invention whereby they affect to beautifie their Eyes for they put between their Eyelids and their Eye a certaine black powder with a fine long pencill made of a Minerall brought out of the kingdom of Feze Sandys Travels lib. 1. called Alchole which by the not disgracefully staining of the lids doth better set forth the whiteness of the Eye and though it trouble for a time yet it comforteth the sight and repelleth ill humours they are of elegant beauties for the most part ruddy cleer and smooth as the polished Ivory being never ruffled by the weather and daily frequenting the Bannias but with all by the selfe same means they suddenly wither Sundry kinds of Eyes Pigafetta Relavon of Congo Purchas Pilgr 2. lib. 7. Idem Pilgr 3. The People of Congo a region of Aphrica the Apples of their Eyes are of diverse colours black and of the colour of the Sea In China they have narrow Eyes generally egg-form'd Helin Geogra Johan Bohem. de moribus gentium Maffaeus li. 6. Magin Geographia descrip novae Franc. Purchas Pilg. lib. 10 Idem eodem lib. 9. black and standing out and therefore when they would pourtract out a deformed Man they paint him with broad Eyes The Cathaians have little Eyes and sharp sight The Chinoyse have very little Eyes The ancient Scythians have small Eyes so have the Women of Cosmin neere Ganges The Inhabitants of Candou Iland for the most part have little Eyes and when the Sun is set they cannot see at all no though forty Torches were lighted which is a kind Nyctalops or Nocturnall Coecitude that befals them There are some that can-see when the Sun shines Eusebius Nieremberg Hist Nat. lib. 8. ca. 2. for there is a very black Nation of Moors among whom as it is reported there are some born no less white red then those that are born in these northern parts of the world these are presently strook blind at the presence of the Sun although they behold it not it is enough if the Sun shine on them the most beautifull Eye of Nature doth so fascinate these Nations The
A Nose thick not acute but rather great then small a Face great and not bony a great Mouth firme teeth not thin of an indifferent size and white 32 in number his upper jawes are equall to the lower jawes and neither exceede nor are exceeded or put forth beyond each other for so Man would be deformed but nature makes the Masculine perfect and what is perfect according to the naturall state all that is very beautifull such therefore ought to be the exact Symetry of the jawes his Eares not too big nor too little well engraved dearticulate a Head of a moderate magnitude drawing nearer yet to a greater then a lesse and venerable withall To the absolute forme of a Womans Face there goes a faire white Forehead marked with no wrinkles or lines longer then that of Mans is and drawing to a roundnesse about the Temples that it seems to represent a Turkish bow inverted The absolute perfections of a womans face wherein there appears not any tumour or gibbosity or any cloud no severity or sadnesse but a pleasant and modest cheerefulnesse a Face round pleasant and elegant to behold A little Mouth somewhat but scarce opening small white teeth somewhat short even in number just 28 not thin nor too hard closed together somewhat full lips Corall imitating Vermilion a little disjoyned yet so as the teeth are scarce discovered whilest shee holds her peace or laughs not unmoved that is such a woman that doth not rest nor bite nor suck her lips these lips thus described add a wonderfull grace and dignity to a womans visage neither is the Nose to be omitted the honour and Ornament of the countenance which represents the outward part of a Rose of a meane size strait cleane with a certaine obtusenesse acute but the holes of their nostrils small A round white pill'd or smooth Chin the Candor whereof seems to introduce into the beholders mind a certaine suspition of a Rosie colour but no tract at all nor any perception of haires is to be seen either in the lips or Chin A small short Purple Tongue most certainly doth best become a woman which yet is scarce or never seen the tip scarce appearing whiles shee speakes the Eye-brows ought to be black subtile disjoyned soft and sweetly arched Somewhat black Eyes declining to smallnesse concave rolling laughing pleasant and shining The Bals of the Cheeks round altogether void of haires fleshie rosie and resembling the red Sun-shine Apples of Autumne Above these remaine the Temples which ought to be no lesse white then the Forehead and without suspition of any bones yet not swoln nor depressed but in a manner a little and scarce concave Eares graven somewhat short soft and delicate The too officious art of stroaking up the Nose of Infants noted aspersed with the dilucid colour of Roses The whole Head rather little then great more round then a mans comely erect and elevated These are the Naturall beauties of the parts belonging both to a Man and Womans Face yet no Man may hereupon conclude that Face to be beautifull and perfect in all its number that hath all these conditions for it doth not truly follow But as a Lute or Harp is not therefore said to be Harmonically and fitly made ready and prepared because it hath faire and good strings or because it is guilded but because they concord with one another in Harmonicall numbers therefore it sounds well and is praised so a Man or womans Face unlesse the aforesaid parts thereof agree and concord aptly with one another is neither beautifull nor comely We in this Island are of an opinion and practise somewhat contrary to these Face-levellers and doe no way like of a shooing-horn-like Nose neither do wee esteem such to be gratiosos And therefore our Midwives and Nurses are a little too forward to stretch out their hands to help Nature in this case For although all children are a little Camoâ—sed about the Nose before the bridge riseth being not properly but equivocally called saddle-Nosed because they have a power and are to receive a Nose more perfect appearing onely Camoise because the naturall heat which is the instrument of the vertue Formatrix hath not yet perfected their Noses nor elevated that Cartilage to its naturall and appointed magnitude according to whose figure all appellations of the Nose are referred Not that nature alwaies needes the officious and over diligent help and art of Midwives and Nurses An Aquiline or high hawks Nose where affected to to pinch up our Noses as they doe Jacob. Fontanus in Phisiogn Arist as if nature were not able to perfect her owne worke Iacob Fontanus in his comment upon the Physiognomy of Arist taking notice of this pragmaticall devise of Midwives sayes that because children by reason of their tender bones which are easily deprest appeare saddle-nosed they laying hold of them with their Thumbe and fore-finger are wont to compresse the laterall parts of the Nose that this Simity of Children may be the sooner abolished more for beauty then for any commodity it bringeth to life for they are sometimes so compressed by them that they become lesse commodious for the purging out of the mucous excrements of the Braine It is true it belongs to the corrective part of medicine to looke a little to this businesse and to correct the lapse of Nature where a just occasion is but not by over diligence to bring the Nose into a worse condition then it would have been in had they trusted the ordinarie providence of nature Regis ad exemplum totus componitur orbis For if once the Grandees begin a corporall fashion the contagion soone spreads and the meaner sort will imitate them in the same practicall Metamorphosis although they pay for it So Quicquid delirant Reges Plectuntur Achivi Purchas Pilgr 3. lib. 2. The Indian women bore their Nostrils full of holes on both sides wherein they weare Jewels which hang down unto their lips Idem Pilgr 1. lib. 2. The People of the Island Arucetto have holes in their Noses on each side wherein they weare Rings strange to behold The Nation called Curenda Nose-Borers Purchas Pilgr 4. lib. 6. up the River Parana have little stones which hang dangling in their Noses The Chiribichenses bore holes in their nostrils for an elegancy and the richer sort Pet. Mart. decad 8. deck them with jewels of Gold the common people with diverse shels of cockles and Sea Snailes Purchas Pilgr A little from Gambra in Africa Men and women as an ensigne of Nobilitie and greatnesse weare one great Ring in a hole bored through the Nose which they put in and take out at pleasure Idem Pilgr 3. lib. 5. It was a custome in Mexico to pierce the nostrils of their elected King for when Ticois the King of Mexico was chosen they pierced his nostrils and for an Ornament put an Emerald therein and for this reason in the
farr from Mocambique weare their Eares bored round with many holes Idem eodem lib. 9. in which they have pegs of wood slender like knitting needles a finger long which makes them looke like hedge-hogs this is part of their gallantry for if they are sad or crossed with any disaster they leave all those holes open They of Madagascar De Bry. pars 9. have Eares bored through with large holes so that you may put a finger through them in which they weare round pieces of wood Eares full of gilded nailes Purchas Pilgr 2. lib. 9. The Gentiles of Indostan their women have the flaps or neither part of their Eares bored when they are young See the like figure fol. 148. which daily stretched and made wider by things kept in for that purpose at last becomes so large that it will hold a ring as bigg as a little saucer made on the sides for the flesh to rest in besides round about their Eares are holes made for Pendants that when they please they may weare rings in them also Idem eodem lib. 9. In Candou Islands one of the Islands accounted to Asia they weare in their Eares very rich Pendants according to their Wealth but they weare them not after the same fashion as wee doe here for the mothers pierce the Eares of their daughters when they are young not onely in the lap or fat of the Eare but all along the gristle in many places and put their threads of cotton to encrease and keep the holes that they may put when they are greater little gilded nailes to the number of 24 in both Eares the head of the naile is commonly adorned with a pretious stone or Pearle also in the lap of the Eare they have an Eare-ring fashioned after their manner Idem eodem lib. 9. Many of the Men and Women in the Cape of Lopo Gonsalves weare Rings in their Eares whereof some weigh at least a pound some have sticks thrust through them of five or six fingers long Lindschoten lib. 2. The Brasilean women bore their Eares with so wide holes that a man may thrust his finger through in them they hang certaine long things which reach unto their Breasts or shoulders like blood-hounds or water spaniels Eares Auricular bravery The naturall Inhabitants of Virginia Purchas Pilgr 2. lib. 9. Capt. Jo. Smiths Hist of Virginia in their Eares have three great holes that is in each three wherein the women commonly hang chaines bracelets or copper the Men some of them weare in these holes a small green or yellow coloured Snake neer halfe a yard in length which crawling and lapping it selfe about their Necks oftentimes will familiarly kisse their lips some a rat tyed by the taile and some the hand of their enemy dried The inferior sort of Priests among them can hardly be known from the common People but that they have not so many holes in their Eares to hang their Jewels at In the countrie of Wingandacoa Capt. Jo. Smyths Hist of Virginia upon the continent of Virginia the Queen and principall women in their Eares weare bracelets of Pearle hanging down to their middle of the bignesse of great pease the rest of the women have pendants of copper and the Noble Men five or six in an Eare. The women of Cochin Purchas Pilgr 2. lib. 7. have horrible great Eares with many Rings set with Pearle and stones in them A little from Gambra in Africa Idem in his Pilgrimage there are found Men who use it as a great bravery to bore their Eares full of holes wearing therein Rings of Gold in rowes or ranks The People on the southward of Tinda and Gambra are reported to weare Iron rings through their Eares Leo lib. 3. Hist Africae The women of mount Beni Jesseten doe use to weare Iron rings upon their fingers and Eares for a great barvery Purchas Pilgr 2. lib. 10. The women of Ormus weare in their Eares many Rings of Gold set with Jewels and locks of Silver and Gold insomuch that the Eares with the weight of their Jewels be easily worne so wide that a Man may thrust three of his fingers into them De Bry descript Ind. In the City Cancer not farr from Goa most of the Noble and great persons have their Eares bored with great holes and weare in them 14 or 15 Rings such as wee weare on our finger adorned with pretious stones Lindschoten lib. 1. The Bramanes have most commonly round rings of Gold hanging at their Eares as the other Indians have Jo. Bohemus de ritibus gentium lib. 2. The priests of the Panchaians weare Eare-rings besides their other womanish golden Ornaments In Zeland they inrich their Eares with Gold and precious stones Magin Geogr. Hier Girava Cosmograph and the same auricular bravery is affected by those of Florida In Pegu they loade their Eares with all sorts of Jewels insomuch Lodovic Rom. Patr. lib. 6. cap. 16. as their Eares with the weight of their Earerings hang down a span long The King of Joga's subjects Idem Navigat 4. cap. 2. all weare Eare-rings and all manner of pretious things in their Eares In Russia it is the custome of the Countrey Johan Bohem. de ritibus gentium lib. 3. for women to weare Pearles and Jewels in their Eares it is held a beauty also to males while they are yet boyes this is also a vanitie used among the more amorous and effeminate sort of our gallants The Spanish women use to perforate the lappet of their Eare with a Gold or Silver wire Munster Cosmogr lib. 2. at which most commonly they hang some Jewell which by the French is censured as a barbarous thing The Aegyptians used to bore their Eares to make them capable of such Ornaments and the two most pretious Pearles which Cleopatra dissolved and drunk as a luxurious expression of love to Marke Antonie were pendants taken from her Eares The Greeks bore holes in the Eares of their slaves holding it for a badg of bondage Montaigne Essay lib. 2. which was practised also by the Jews The Roman Dames were much delighted with auricular bravery for Plinie writes Plinie Nat. Hist lib. 12. that they sought for Pearles from the bottom of the Red Sea Auricular Luxurie and Emeralds from the bowels of the Earth and then he adds ad hoc excogitata sunt Aurium vulnera as if it had been nothing to weare them about their necks and in their Haire unlesse they were also let into their bodies Cyprian dehorting the Xtian women from it non inferantur Auribus vulnera Seneca de vita beata cap. 17. Saith Sceneca why doth thy wife weare in her Eares the revenews of a rich family And in another place Idem de benef 7. 6. I see their Pearles not fitted single to their Eares which are now inured to the bearing of weight they are coupled together and
which deformity being conscious they trade with their neighbours the Arabicks without sight or conference leaving their commodities in a certaine place for which they have Gold in exchange their upper lip being little as ours This History is so remarkable that it deserves to have all the circumstances annexed unto it take therefore what Mr. Jobson in the the discourse of his golden trade sets downe concerning this Nation Monstrous great lips Mr Jobson discovery of the River Gambra and the trade of the Barbary Moore with them It is certaine saith he that when they come up into the Country where they have their chiefest trade they doe observe one set time and day to be at a certaine place whereas houses are appointed for them wherein they finde no body nor have the sight of any persons At this place they doe unlade their commodities and laying their salt in severall heapes and likewise setting their beades bracelets and any other commodities in parcels together they depart and remain away for a whole day in which day comes the people they trade withall and to each severall laies down a proportion of gold as he values it and leaving both the gold and the commodities goes his waies the Merchant returning againe as he accepts of the bargaine takes away the gold and lets the commodity remaine or if he findes there is too little left divides his commodity into another part for which he will have more at the unknowne peoples return they take to themselves where they see the gold is gone and either lay more gold or take away what was laid before and remaines in suspence So that at the Merchants third time his bargaine is finished for either he findes more gold or the first taken away and his commoditie left and thus it is said they have a just manner of trading and never see one another to which is added that the reason why these people will not be seen is for that they are naturally born with their lower lip of that greatnesse it turnes againe and covers the great part of their bosome and remaines with that rawnesse on the side that hangs down that through occasion of the Suns extreame heat it is still subject to putrifaction so as they have no meanes to preserve themselves but by continuall casting salt upon it and this is the reason salt is so pretious amongst them their Country being so farr up in the Land naturally yields none In an Island belonging to the great King of Dodyn are foule men Sr John Mandevils Travels cap. 62. that have their lips about their mouth so great that when they sleep in the Sun they cover all their faces with their lips Plin. Nat. Hist lib. 6. cap. 30. Schenkius observat de labiis They report that in the Inland parts of the East there are Nations that have no upper lip Schenkius speaks of an honest matron who had from her nativitie her upper lip so curt and short that it scarce sufficed to cover her upper teeth not without a deformed aspect It is observed that all of the house of Austria have a sweet fulnesse of the lower lip The Austrian Lip being at this day therefore by good right in high esteem Lod. Rom. Patr. Navig 4. cap. 2. The Sultan of Cambaia hath his upper lip so large and prominent that he can binde his head with them as well as women doe with their haire The Island Mozambique Lod. Rom Pa. Navigat lib. 7. the men and women have lips two fingers thick A certaine namelesse Poet speaking of the Aethiopians thus writes Quem nisi vox hominem Labris emissa sonaret Terrerent visos horrida Labra viros Have not these men hands to take their meat with that they should thus labour as if they meant to gather it up with their Lips as the Beasts unlesse it were to sweep a manger they can have no use of such Lips for it must necessarily be a meanes to hinder their speech by thickning their lips Deformed misplaced mouths as experience teacheth in those who either by Nature or by accident have thick swoln blabber lips causing them to speak in their mouth uttering their words very baldly and indistinctly and assuredly the same or worse must befall these artificiall Labions for their Lips must needs hang in their light and their words stick in the birth when such unwealdy Pourers out of speech occasion a hinderance to their delivery Trincavellus lib. 5. cap. 11. de cur human Corp. Morb. It hath been the infelicity of many Men and women among us and in other countries to have the upper Lip not whole and entire but cloven and parted in the midst such as we call hare-Lips Mizaldus Memorabib Cent. 3. Aphoris 77. Olaus Magnus Epit. Hist de Gent septentrion lib. 18. cap. 8. which happens when women great with child unexpectedly spy a hare or are crossed by one long for such meat eat of it or a hare suddenly leaps on their head for then usually they bring forth Infants with their upper lips bifid and cloven in two parts perpetually detaining this Lip divided between their Mouth and nostrils which daily experience doth confirme unlesse forthwith from the beginning they use that meanes which the Phisicall Corrector hath prescribed for the reducing of this deformity Paraeus de Genae vulneribus Schenkius observat de labiis See our Hist of the Acephalor Scen. 1. the manner of whose operation you may finde in Paraeus Schenckius and Moccius the Physitian Wee reade of monstrous Nations whereof some have their mouths in their shoulders and some that have them in their breast Lip-gallantry SCENE XI Lip-gallantry or certaine Labiall fashions invented by divers Nations THe Giachi their Ornament is to have their Lips branded with red hot Irons especially their upper Lips and so make streakes and lines in them Lindschoten The effigies of the King of Quoniambec Aldrovandus menstr Hist fol. 108. which Aldrovandus exhibits hath some alliance to this affectation In that town which was governed by Quitalbitor under Muteczuma Peter Mart. Decad. 4. King of that Province of the West Indies the men bore whatsoever space remaineth between the uppermost part of the neather Lip and the roots of the teeth of the lower chap and as we set Pretious stones in Gold to weare upon our fingers so in the hole of the Lip they weare a broad plate within fastned to another on the outside of the Lip and the Jewell they hang thereat is as great as a silver Caroline Dollar and as thick as a mans finger The Relator saith he doth not remember that ever he saw so filthy and ugly a sight yet they think nothing more fine and comely under the circle of the Moone Idam Pilgr 4. lib. 6. In Dominica the Women have their lips bored as an especiall note of bravery Purchas Pil. 4. lib. 6. The women of Surucusis have
new Countries found Giants of five ells high with a kind of a Dogs Countenance Certainly these Nations have a great conceit of their inventions who contemne the ordinary guizes of Nature making themselves extravagant and as the Antipodes to mankind Carbonado'd Faces They being none of the best who abandon Nature to follow their own unreasonable imaginations We naturally have much aversion from persons mishapen and deformed though it have not befallen them through their own default How then can we look without detestation upon them who purchase these defects by a voluntary depravation These so change the face of the Vniverse that they may passe for monsters for beasts but not for men so that it hereby appeares most true that there is nothing so changeable in totall Nature or so hard to be known as man The Anchicos Cap. Jo. Smiths Travels a valiant Nation in Africa marke their faces with sundry slashes from their Infancy The Jaos marke themselves to be known from Hackcluytâ— Voyages vol. 2 other People Face-Branders with the tooth of a small beast like a Rat. They race their Faces some their Bodies after divers formes as if it were with the scratch of a pin the print of which rasure can never be done away againe during life Sir John Mandevils Travels cap. 55. In the Isle called Somober the which is a good Isle there the men and women that are of the Nobility are marked in the Visage with a hot Iron that they may be known from others for they thinke themselves the worthiest of the world Pigafetta his reports of the Kingdome of Congo Draudius Comment in Solin Centon The Anzich have this foolish custome both men and women as well of the Nobility as of the Commonalty even from their childhood to marke their Faces with sundry slashes made with a knife Fox of the Northwest passages In Groanland the women herein only differ from the men that they have blew streakes down the Cheekes and about the Eyes Some of them race Cheekes Chins and Faces whereupon they lay a colour like darke azure In that part of Groanland which is called the womens Island the women are marked in the Face with divers black streakes or lines the skin having been raised with some sharpe Instrument when they were young and black colour put therein so grown in that by no meanes it can be got forth Purch Pilgr 4. lib 6. In Tiembus the women are deformed with torne faces and alwaies bloudy which is their beauty The Inhabitants of Tuppanbasse neare Brasil Idem Pilgr 6. lib. 4. how many men these Salvages kill so many holes they will have in their Visage beginning first in their neather Lip then in their Cheekes thirdly in both their Eyebrows and lastly in their Eares and this is their cruell Gallantry The Virginian women pounce and rase their Faces and whole Bodies with a sharp iron Purch Pilgr 6. lib. 9. which makes a stampe in curious knots and drawes the proportions of Fowles Fishes or Beasts then with painting of sundry lively colours they rub it into the stamp which will never be taken away because it is dried into the flesh Idem Pilgr 2. lib. 7. The Egyptian Moores both men and women for love of each other distaine their Chins into knots and flowers of blew made by the pricking of the skin with needles and rubbing it over with inke and the juyce of an herb What strange kind of Butchery do these Nations exercise Stigmatizers and what needlesse paine they put themselves unto to maintaine their cruell bravery Nay which is yet stranger they seeme to love this unnaturall and bloudy Gallantry so well that they hate their own flesh and bloud whereof they freely sacrifice to their fantasticall imaginations This in the Poets stile is to nullifie a Face And to speake in the spirit of old BEN What is the cause They think sure in disgrace Of Beauty so to nullifie a Face That Heaven should make no more or should amiss Make all hereafter when th 'ave ruin'd this Thus stigmatiz'd you need not doubt I tro Whether their Faces be their own or no. Thus the more sacred and honest part of the Body is prophaned by their wicked inventions Can either Gentility or Christianity be forgiven such an errour surely no. This abominable folly and madnesse was reproved in the Hebrews who as these do in pride and bravery so they did scotch their Faces in time of mourning which was usuall among them of great antiquity by reason whereof the same was forbidden them by the Law of God in Leviticus Jer. 41.2 3. Lev. 19.5 You shall not cut your flesh for the Dead nor make any marke of a print upon you I am the Lord. Deut. 14.1 And againe in Deutrinomy You are the children of the Lord your God you shall not cut your selves Which was also forbidden by the Romans in the Laws of the twelve Tables Pet. Mart. Decad. 3. They in the Golden Region of Coiba-Dites are more excusable than these mad and cruell Gallants Painter-stainers for they spare their own flesh and marke their slaves in the flesh after a strange manner making holes in their Faces and sprinkling a powder thereon they moisten the pounced place with a certaine black or red juyce whose substance is of such tenacity and claminesse that it will never weare away Grimston of their manners The Arabian women before they go unto their husbands either on the marriage day or any other time to lye with them paint their Faces Breasts Armes and Hands with a certaine azured colour thinking that they are very hansome after this manner and they hold this Custome from the Arabians which first entred into Africk and these learned it from the Africans yet at this day the town of Barbery inhabited by them of the Country do not imitate this custome but their wives love to maintaine their naturall Complexion It is true that they have sometimes a certaine black painting made of the smoake of Galls and Saffron with the which they make little spots upon their Cheekes and they paint their Eyebrows of a Triangular forme and they lay some upon their Chin which resembles an Olive leafe And this being commended by the Arabian Poets in their amorous Songs there is not any African of great note but will carry it in a great bravery But you must understand that these women dare not weare this painting above two or three daies nor shew themselves before their Kinsmen in this equipage for that it savours something of a whore They only give the sight and content thereof unto their husbands to incite them to love Women-Painters for that these women desire the sport much and they think that their beauty receives a great grace by this painting In Leo's description of Africa the Relation runs thus Their Damsels that are unmarried do usually paint their Faces Breasts Armes
Hands and Fingers with a kind of counterfeit colour which is accounted a most decent custome among them But this Fashion was first brought in by those Arabians which were called Africans what time they began first of all to inhabit that Region for before then they never used any false or glosing colours The women of Barbary use not this fond kind of painting but contenting themselves only with their naturall hue they regard not such fained ornaments howbeit sometimes they will temper a certaine colour with Hens dung and Saffron wherewithall they paint a little round spot in the balls of their Cheekes about the breadth of a French Crown likewise between their Eye-brows they make a Triangle and paint upon their Chins a patch like unto an Olive leafe Some of them also do paint their Eyebrows and this Custome is very highly esteemed of by the Arabian Poets and Gentlemen of that Country Howbeit they will not use these Phantasticall ornaments above two or three daies together all which time they will not be seen to any of their friends except it be their Husbands and Children for these paintings seeme to be great allurements to lust whereby the said women thinke themselves more trim and beautifull Men painted The Author of the Treasury of Times Grimston of their manners In Fez the women use to deck and adorne the Bride by trimming her hair rubbing her Cheeks and painting them red and her hands and feet black with a certaine tincture which continueth but a while Grimston of the estate of the Turk in Africa They that live in the Province of Bugia in Africk have an ancient custome to paint a black Crosse upon their Jaw-bones Grimst of the estate of China Magin Geograph Lord Bacon Nat. Hist Cent. 8. Exper. 739. The women in China use painting and ointments And it is practized by the men for the Chineses as my Lord Bacon notes who are of an ill complexion being olivaster paint their Cheeks scarlet especially their King and Grandees Grimston of their manners Jo. Bohem. l. 2. de rit gent. The ancient Scythian women rubbed their naked bodies against some sharpe and rough stone having then powred water upon them and their flesh being swoln by this meanes they rubbed their bodies with the wood of Cypress Cedar and Incense they did also use certaine ointments for the Face made of the like Drugs by means whereof they smell sweet then having the day following taken away these Plaisters they seemed more beautifull and pleasing In Norembega all of them as well men as women paint their Faces Grimston of their manners Magin Geogra Americae Purch Pilgr 1. lib. 4. Lindscot li. 2. The naturall Inhabitants of Jucata paint their Faces and Bodies black The Native Socotorans paint their Faces with yellow and black spots loathsome to behold The Brasilean women paint their Faces with all kind of Colours which their Neighbours and other women do for them Face-stainers In the middle of their Cheekes they make a round circle drawing lines from it of divers colours untill their Faces be full not leaving so much undone as their Eye-lids The Virginian women adorne themselves with paintings some have their Face Breasts Hands Capt. Smiths Hist of Virginia and Legs cunningly embroidered with divers workes as Beasts Serpents artificially wrought into their flesh with black spots their Heads and Shoulders are painted red with the root Pocone brayed to powder mixed with oyle which Scarlet-like colour makes an exceeding handsome shew and is used by the Kings Concubines this they hold in Summer to preserve them from the heat and in Winter from the cold Many other formes of painting they use but he is the most Gallant that is the most monstrous to behold Their Children of whom they are easily delivered and yet love them dearely to make them hardy in the coldest mornings they make them wash in the Rivers and by painting and ointments so tann their skins that after a yeare or two no weather will hurt them when they enter into battell they paint and disguise themselves in the fiercest manner they can devise After their ordinary burials are ended the women having painted all their Faces with black coale and oile do sit 24 houres in their houses mourning and lamenting by turnes with such yelling and howling as may expresse their great passions the Faces of all their Priests are painted as ugly as they can devise Sometimes the men appeare halfe black and halfe red Face-grimers but all their Eyes painted white and some red stroakes like Mustachoes along their Cheeks Some of them paint their Eyes red having white stroakes over their black Faces so that they look more like devils than men Captaine Smith about Onawniament encountred with Ambushcadoes of such Savages so strangely painted grimed and disguised shouting yelling and crying as so many spirits from Hell could not have shewed more terrible Johan Bohem. de moribus gen lib. 3. Somewhat allyed to this barbarous way of Disguise is the Custome of the Germans who are said once a yeare to run mad covering their Faces with Vizards belying their Sex and Age some of them willing rather to represent Satyrs or Divels paint themselves with Vermilion or Inke deforming themselves with such nefarious habits others running naked play the Lupercalls from whom my Author thinks this annuall Custome of raving was first derived who naked and with their faces defiled in bloud wandring through the City were wont to strike every one they met with thongs of leather The Author of the Description of Nova Francia lib. 2. The Souriquois do paint their Faces all with black which maketh them seeme very hideous but this is their mourning Visage Ramutius narration of Nova Francia The women of New France about the Port of the holy Crosse for the death of their Husbands weare a certaine black weed all the daies of their life besmearing all their Faces with coale dust and grease mingled together almost halfe a quarter of an Intch thick and by that they are known to be Widdows Painting being Universall Face-daubers The Author of the Description of Nova Francia lib. â— and without exception among the West Indians for if any of them maketh Love he shall be painted with red or blue colour and his Mistris also If they be glad at any thing they will do the like generally which is their expression of jolly bravery But when they are sad or plot some Treason then they overcast all their Face with black and are hideously deformed In Persia the womens pale colour is made sanguine by adulterate complexion Herberts Travels and their round cheeks are fat and painted The common womens cheeks are of a delicate dye but Art not Nature causeth it The Grecian women for the most part Sandys Travels lib. 1. are brown of complexion but exceedingly well favoured they cover not their Faces the Virgins excepted unlesse it be
of crude waters of dissolved Snow as most Authors suppose which although it be a reason not to be rejected Platerus yet Platerus to this Cause addes the Seed and the Facultie Formatrix in the wombe where they are familiar to any place and that they are rather propagated from the Parents in their Children then that they happen by reason of any meat or drinke or any other peculiar cause which Sennertus thinkes doth not seldome fall out so indeed yet the first cause seemes valid because it is observed that they that come well into any such places after they have abode there a while they contract such a water between the skin and rough Artery which is called by Physitians Bronchocele and Bocium à Bocii ventricosi poculi similitudine from the similitude of a great-bellied drinking Cup. Shoulders higher than the Head SCENE XVII Humerall or Shoulder-Affectations Lycost Append Chron. prodig IN the Island Taprobana High huff-Shoulders are in Fashion and Naturall Whether these Nations are guilty or not of using Art to this purpose I shall not conclude although I halfe suspect some concurrent affectations My apprehension of this businesse I have already exprest in the History of the Acephali which appeare to be the same Nation In all the parts of Tartaria the men are broad-shouldered which being Nationall is held there in good repute And if it were not at first affected and introduced among them by Art Broad shoulders where affected yet in other Countries where it is noted to be extremely affected there hath been some endeavour used to that intent and where that hath failed they have had recourse to outward supplements Concerning the Italians Cresol vacat Autumn Cresollius hath informed us of their ridiculous affectation in this kind Behold saith he what the improvident curiosity of men hath thought on who that they might seeme Plato's that is broad-shouldred full square and somewhat strong and mighty men they bumbast their Doublets and after a childish or rather womanish manner adhibent Analectides use little Bolsters or Pillows for to seeme more fat and comly bolstring so up their prominent shoulders as little women were wont to do of old as Ovid describes the Custome Conveniunt tenues scapulis Analectides altis Angustum circa fascia pectus erat Well could these men be Masters of their wish yet it is a question whether it would please their Mistrisses For the women of other Countries and among us are not so well affected to broad shoulders for it is worth the noting what women by long use have observed to wit that men that have broad shoulders for the most part get great Children Hence the Mother-in-Law of Forestus a fruitfull woman would not match her Daughters to Platonique men by reason she feared least in their Delivery they should be endangered by reason of the greatnesse of the Child which Forestus had often seene to happen the broad shoulders dangerously sticking in the Birth Narrow shoulders affected the cause whereof Riolanus thinks to be difficult whence you may see what worke they make for the women who endeavour by Art to purchase thick and broad shoulders Franciscus Hernandus in his Manuscript makes report of certaine Nations in India who are all buncht-backt crooked and crump-shouldered Arme-gallanry SCENE XVIII Strange Inventions of certain Nations in ordering their Armes Hands and Nailes The Inhabitants of the town Alimamu in Malhada Idem Pilgr 4. lib. 8. have their armes and thighs Oakred and dyed with red black white and yellow striped like unto panes Little Hands where affected so as they shew as if they were in Hose and Doublets In little Venice by the Gulph of Paria Lindscot l. 2. the women who are proud paint their Armes and Breasts The Aegyptian Moores both men and women Purch Pilgr ◠lib. 7. brand their Armes for love of each other Purch Pilgr 2. lib. 8. The Abassines colour their hands with the juyce of a Reddish Bark Herberts Travels The Persians paint their hands into a red or tawny colour which both cooles their Livers and makes them in War victorious The common women to shew they are servants to Dame Flora in her daies a good one they illustrate their Armes and Hands their Legs and Feet with Flowers and Birds Prosp Alpinus lib. de plant Egypt c. 13. The Egyptian women love golden Golls who of the leaves of Cyprus an orientall tree which the Egyptians call Elhannae or Tamarrendi make a Powder which they call Archenda This they use for ornament to colour their hands and feet tempering it with water which makes a golden Tincture Purch Pilgr 2. lib. 9. In Candou Island accounted to Asia it is the fashion to make the Nailes of their Hands red this is the beauty of their Country they make it with the juyce of a certaine tree and it endureth as long as their nailes The Turkes paint their long nailes red Sandys in his Travels saith the women paint their nailes with a yellowish red Mag. Geogr. Maginus saith they infect their Haire Hands and Feet especially their Nailes with a red colour Georg. Draudius Comment in Solin memorabilia Africae This Tincture of their Nailes it seemes is imposed after their Lent at the Celebration of their Pascha which in their Tongue they call Bairam when with great solemnity for three daies they dawbe the nailes of their hands and feet with a certaine oile Long Nailes a sign of Gentility called by them Chua which makes their nailes ruddy yellow This colour sticks tenatiously and can neither be washed or rubbed off wherefore unlesse their nailes grow out new from the root they alwaies appeare of that Rutilant colour but off their hands it may be scoured with frequent ablution the women imbue not only their nailes but their hands and feet with the same The Persians paint their nailes party-coloured Herberts Travels white and vermilion but why so my Author cannot say unlesse in imitation of King Cyrus who in augmentation of honour caused his Heroes to tincture their nailes and Faces with Vermilion sensibly to distinguish them from the Vulgar sort as did the ancient Brittaines in fight to shew more terrible In Calecut the women have the Nails of their fingers prominent Idem colour'd cut and jagged round Naile-Painters condemned These Nations who thus paint their Nailes offend against the vertue of ornamentall Decorum Decency or reverence in this unnaturall excess of care being not contented with the naturall beauty of the naile and by their foolish bravery they obscure the naturall light and splendor of their nailes which ariseth from that lucid and pellucid temperament of a more cleare substance which presents us in a glasse the splendour of the Lucent principle and inward clarity of the vitall spirits wherein the ample study of Chyromancy is conversant The Egyptians to advance this splendour were wont of old to
is required to make the foot perfect according to Nature And the foot being one of the extremes of the Body wherein naturally the virtue of Earth should prevaile Nations with Feet of a Cubit long a signe whereof there is that almost all the extreme parts of Creatures and which are Feet or susteine the place of Feet are harder than the rest and that naturally because they are to sustaine the whole body and therefore they yield lesse than the other parts wherefore since they resist they remaine harder The other extreme of the Diameter of the Body is the Head wherein the watery force is predominant it being the receptacle of the braine which is cold and moist Whereas the fluid element exceeds in the Feet of women which makes them so soft and inarticulate and somewhat unstable In India beyond Ganges there are a Nation called Sciopedes Munst Cosm lib. 5. that have feet of a monstrous bignesse which when they lye down in the Sun One-leg'd Nations serves them for umbrelloes to shade them from the Sun being thence called Sciopedes from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 umbra and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pes Petr. Apian Cosmog pars 2. cap. 3. Solin in Polyst cap. 53. There are also in Asia a certaine kind of men which are called Monosceli and of others Sciopedae which have but one Leg which yet have a wonderfull pernicitie in leaping 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is expounded unicum crus habens a one-leg'd people Sr Joh. Mand. Travel◠cap 51. In Ethiope are such men as have but one Foot and they go so fast that it is a great marvell and it is a large Foot for the shadow thereof covereth the Body from Sun or Raine when they lye upon their Backs these people according unto Pliny are not far from the Troglodites St Aug. lib. 16. cap. 8. de Civit. Dei. St Austin witnesseth that the Effigies of these Nations were painted in a Table in the Forum of Carthage neare the Port. Petr. Apian Cosmog pars 2. cap. 3. There are in a certaine Valley of the mountaine Imaus or rather Timaus as Aldrovandus saith which Region is called Abarimon certaine wild men who have their feet turned backward behind their legs that are of wonderfull swiftnes that they will out-run a Hare In other parts of the Orientall Indies although the designation of their place is uncertaine we heare of such a Nation who have eight toes Vincent Spec. Hist l. 32. c. 16. There is reported also to be another kind of Monoscelli or one-Legg'd people in some places belonging to the Tartars which supplies us with another difference of men who wander about sustained by one only Leg and Foot having also but one Arme Two of these men undergoe the office of an Archer Whiles one holds the bow the other shoots the Arrow Diverse formes of feet and there is a wonderfull nimblenesse observed in them for they run with so great swiftnesse on their hand and foot that they will out-run a Horse and when they have tyred their Arme then they go only hopping with their foot Many Legates and Nuncio's of the Pope sent unto the Tartars Vincent Spec. Hist lib. 32. cap. 16. in their Relations affirme this to be true and at last Vincentius inserted it into his History The Inhabitants of Guinea have long legs broad feet and long toes The Men of Aegypt and Ethiopia have their feet crooked St Austin makes mention of Men borne at Hippo with feet fashioned like a halfe moon Aug. lib. 16. de Civit. Dei c. 8. with two Toes in each foot Many of Canton and Quamsi Province have two nailes upon their little toes as they have generally in Cachin China Concerning these and some other properties of Natitions where I suspect no Artifice I am willing to say with Pliny That no wonder it is that about these Coasts Plin. Nat. Hist lib. 6. there be found men and beasts of strange and wondrous shapes considering the agility of the Suns fierie heat so strong and powerfull in those Countries which is able to frame Bodies artificially of sundry proportions and to imprint and grave in them divers formes Concerning these Monsters which have scarce the Figure of any certaine Species and either are not humane S. Aug Enchir. cap. 87. Epist ad vitalem lib. 22. de Civit. Dei vid. c. 19. Bonavent l. 4. Dist 44. or partly humane and partly mixt of divers S. Augustine with whom Lumbard agrees denies they shall rise againe or we are not saith he to believe they shall appeare so vitiated in the Resurrection but rather with a corrected and amended nature Where they paint their Feet and their deformity be it of what kind soever recalled to the true Figure of a humane Fabrick not that there shall any thing perish in the Body which was naturally in it but only that which is deformed God doing that which an Artificer is wont who can dissolve againe with fire a deformed Statue whether it were made so on purpose or by chance and the errour of Art and introduce a more beautifull Figure So that the same substance shall remaine the first deformity abolished for what was extant expressed or wanting of featnesse to that foule Figure that he either cuts off or fils up or adds that the dishonesty filthinesse ill favourednesse or horriblenesse thereof may be removed In like manner we may suppose it will be done in the Resurrection for those monstrous deformities cannot consist with the future felicity of the Saints the manner of restitution we must leave to the Creator But as for the deformed members of wicked men which were polluted with sin and made the Instruments of iniquity there is no reason why this should be common with them with Innocents De his vide Thom. Aquin. 4. Con. gentiles cap. 89. Purch Pilgr 2. lib. 9. and the heires of that life but as the bodies of the damned shall be tormented so they shall suffer with their deformities yet there is no certainty since nothing is expressely revealed in Scripture of this matter In Candou Island they have a custome to make the Nailes of their Feet red this is the beauty of that Country they make it with the juyce and moisture of a certaine Tree and it endures as long as the Nailes Idem lib. 7. The Abassines also colour their Feet which are bare with the juice of a reddish-barke The Virgins among the Chiribichenses use to wrap the parts of the Calfes of their Legs and Thighs next the Knees with Bottoms of yarne Where they affect great Hips and Thighs Pet. Martyr Decad. 8. and bind them hard to the end that their Calfes and Legs might swell bigger and through this foolish device they thinke they appeare finer to their Lovers their other parts are naked The Cathayans also as it seemes The Authour of the Treasury of Times vol. 1. lib.
Palme over in heighth but wanting Hips and Legs and consequently Feet her Armes were perfectly formed being longer than her breast and trunke the lower part of her body did in a manner appeare bifid emulating the bottome of a Harpe She spake to purpose sung plaid on a Lute danced with her hands Spanish Mauritanian Italian and French dances in like manner to the sound of Musique she so composed the Gestures of her imperfect body that they who had seene her afar off would doubtlessely have said she had danced with her Feet And as to the endowments of the mind there was nothing wanting to her which is granted by Nature to other men Moreover she was endowed with both Sexes yet she drew nearer to a woman and was more vigorous in that Sex and therefore was rather called a woman than a man Aldrovandus thinkes verily that this was the same Monster which was shewed at Rome 1585. for then this monstrifique Youth was eight yeares old for he received Letters that at that time there was carried about Rome a Virgin of eight yeares old to be seene who from her originall wanted her Thighs A monstrous Virgin dancing without feet Legs and Feet her other members being rightly constituted Hofman Comment de usu partium li. 15. And this it may be was the same woman that Hoffman saw at Rome for the description of their properties agree SCENE XXIIII Embroidered skins Cruell and fantasticall Inventions of Men practised upon their Bodies in a supposed way of Bravery and wicked practices both of Men and Devils to alter and deforme the Humane Fabricke THe Inhabitants of Mangi Purch Pilg. 3. lib. 1. in the East Indies both men and women paint and embroider their skins with iron Pens putting indeliable tincture thereinto They of Sierra Leona in the East Indies Idem Pilgr 1. lib. 4. both men and women rase and pincke over all their bodies thinking themselves thereby as fine as five-pence in a showre of raine In Candou Island Idem Pilgr 2. lib. 9. one of the Islands accounted to Asia the chiefe men and women have skin-prints as a brave kind of Gallantry they bruise Sanders and Camphyr on very smooth and slick stones which they bring from the firme Land and sometimes other sorts of odoriferous wood which after they compound with waters stilled with flowers and over-spread their bodies with this paste from the Girdle upwards adding many formes with their fingers such as they imagine it is somewhat like cut and pinckt doublets and of an excellent savour it is a bravery much used to their Wives or Lemons but they dare not bring them in these Paste-garments before the King or into his Pallace The Cookes here it seemes are their Tailors Idem eodem lib. eodem The black people or Caffares of the Land of Mosambique and all the Land of Ethiopia and within the Land to the Cape of Bona Speranza some have all their bodies rased and seared with irons and all figured like rased Sattin Carbonado'd Bodies or Damaske wherein they take great pride thinking there are no fairer people than they in all the world The Great Gaga Calando King of Gagas Purchas Pilgr lib. 9. his body is carved and cut with sundry works and every day anointed with the fat of man his body is alwaies painted red and white So that you cannot say but that he is cruell brave nay devillish fine for whatsoever is done by abuse of Nature is diabolicall for as the right use of the naturall endowments of the body is from God so the abuse of them is from the Devill The Boyes of Siam paint themselves with a Herberts Travels Coelestiall colour from top to toe Slash'd bodies like cut leather Jerkins and as an augmentation of beauty cut gash and pinck their naked skins which in the Relators contrarying their opinion rather breeds horrour than affectation in any Traveller Lindscot lib. 1. cap. 22. The people of Cambaia and Sian that dwell up-upon the hils called Gueos marke all their bodies with hot irons which they esteeme a freedome I very easily see how many of these relations will seeme horrible untruths but let them thinke that such narrations which consist with the reason of depraved nature are not too sceptically to be entertained for because you have seen no such thing done to withdraw your beliefe Bodies painted with faire branches is a signe of singular pride and impudence and he who concludes that these actions were done or not done in these places according to his own froward opinion and assent is halfe mad and fit to begin a voyage to Anticyra I confesse writing of things that seeme so strange a man had need walke with his Guides which you see I have orderly done I have brought many witnesses that give evidence point-blanck to my purpose I alleadge Authorities and have said nothing but what stands with some reason and is made good by the Relators the burthen of the lye if there be any must rest upon other mens shoulders and not on mine Purch Pilgr 4. lib. 7. The Brasil women to make themselves gallant paint their bodies with the juyce of a certaine fruit wherewith they remaine black making in their bodies many white stroakes after the fashion of round hose and other kind of garments their children presently as soone as they are borne are painted with red and black colour Lindscot lib 1. Pet. Mart. Decad. 8. Idem Decad. 3. The Chiribichenses all dye themselves with divers juyces of herbs and he that seemeth most filthy and ugly in our eyes they judge him to be the most neat and trim The people of the Regions Tuia and Maia in the West Indies who are of high and goodly stature well limbed and proportion'd both men and women that they may seeme more comely and beautifull as they take it they paint their bodies red and black with the juyce of certaine Apples which they plant in their Gardens for the same purpose some of them paint their whole bodies some but part and other some draw the portraicture of herbs flowers and knots every one as it seemes best unto his own phantasie Grimston of their manners The Inhabitants of St Croix of the Mount some of them to seeme more terrible Azure white roane and Tawney Gallants paint their bodies Thus we read of those kind of Canibals that are called Pories Purch Pilg. 4. lib. 6. that they paint themselves with red and black The Virginians especially when they enter into Battle are painted some black some red Capt Smiths hist of Virg. some white and some party coloured In the Land of the Labourer vulgarly called Tranlopez de Gomora descript novi orbis De Labrador both men and women for ornament paint themselves with divers colours In the Island of Dominica in the West Indies Sr Francis Drake the Salvage people go all naked their skin
of this Complexion was an artificiall device and thence induced by imagination having once impregnated the seed found afterwards concurrent productions which were continued by Climes whose constitution advantaged the artificiall into a naturall impression I confesse Pliny speakes of the Anderae Plin. Nat. hist lib. 6. Mathitae Mesagebes and Hipporeae who being all over black and it seemes disliking that colour do therefore colour and paint their bodies with a kind of red Chalke or rudle called Rubrica The Inhabitants of Florida are of a colour Grimston of their manners like Brasse the reason is for that they annoint themselves with a certaine ointment which seconded by the heat of the Sun proves effectuall to their design notwithstanding that they are borne more white Nations that affect the plumage of Birds The great advancer of Learning well observes that generally Barbarous people that go naked do not only paint themselves but they pounce and race their skin that the painting may not be taken off Lord Bacons nat hist Cent. 8. So that it seemes men would have the colour of birds Feathers if they could tell how or at least they will have gay skins instead of gay cloaths But their airy affectation hath mounted higher Mand. Travels cap. 89. even to enjoy the very substantiall plumage of Birds For in an Isle neare the Isle called Pitan the people are feathered all but the face and palmes of their hands In the Island called Ity the Inhabitants Munst Cosm Novar Insul descript who go naked not only paint their bodies with divers colours but they adorne them with divers Feathers of Birds The Brasileans have many hens like unto ours Lindscot lib. 2. from which they pull the small white Feathers which with Irons they hack and make soft which done they annoint their bodies with gum and strew the feathers therein The Cumanans also dresse themselves with feathers as the Brasileans do which my Author saith is no ill sight Laet saies Laet. descript novi orb occident lib. 18. c. 4. that upon festivall daies they dawbe their skins over with a tenatious glew and then befeather themselves with the small plumage of divers little birds insomuch as they look by that emulation like unto birds whereby they look like new hatched birds wherof this opinion hath risen of some men that have first gone into those Countries and seen them thus dressed after this manner that they were so by Nature Which puts me in mind what Aulus Gellius cites out of ancient Authors to wit that there are certain men whose bodies are not rough with hair but plumed after the manner of birds However the practice of these Nations have marred Platoes definition of man that he was Animal bipes implume and hath made good the unhappy Irony of the Peripateticks who threw a live Cock stript of his feathers into his school saying this is Plato's man for in these Countries Plato's definition would be more adequate to cocks and hens than to men women yet if these Nations were stripped of their borrowed feathers wherein they pride themselves Hairy Nations they would looke somewhat like Aesops Jay of whom the Poet Moveat cornicula risum Furtivis nudata coloribus Harecourts voyage to Guiana In the Province of Moreshogoro the Inhabitants have a ruffe skin like unto buffe leather of which kind there be many in those parts of Guiana but is supposed to proceed from some infirmity of body Among other wild men the Cinnaminians are to be admired for their prolix beards Aldrovandus and the hairinesse of their whole bodies the women also being all over hairy These Relations make me wonder at the opinion of Platerus Platerus in Deformatione observ lib. 3. who denies that there are any wild men to be found all over hairy except the tip of their nose their knees and the palmes of the hand and feet as they are usually painted and conceived of by the Vulgar which that it is false we may hence saith he collect that Cosmographers who have described the whole world make no where mention of them when yet notwithstanding they have not omitted the wildest people the Amazons Canibals and Americans and others which go naked The cause of pilosity and yet are not hairy and those haires that naturally breake forth they pluck forth and eradicate It is observable and makes to our purpose that savage men are more hairy than those that are civill degenerating by their Bruitish kind of life into the nature and resemblance of beasts who are more hairy than men Besides the generall examples of all barbarous Nations we have a particular demonstration of this Bruitish Metamorphosis in the transformation of Nebuchadnezzer Dan. 4. and more lately in the storie of Iohn of Leiden mentioned by Sir K. Digby in his Treatise of the soule The cause of the natural smoothness in men is not as my L. Bacon noteth any abundance of heat and moisture Lord Bacons nat hist cent 7. exp 680. though that indeed causeth pilosity but there is requisite to pilosity not so much heat and moisture as excrementitious heat moisture for whatsoever assimilateth goeth not into the haire and excrementitious moisture aboundeth most in Beasts and Men that are more savage The head indeed of man hath haire upon the first birth which no other part of the body hath The cause may be want of perspiration for much of the matter of haire in the other parts of the body goeth forth by insensible perspiration And besides the Skull being of a more solid substance nourisheth and assimilateth lesse and excerneth more and so likewise doth the Chin we see also that haire commeth not upon the Palmes of the Hands nor Soles of the Feet which are parts more perspirable And Children likewise are not hairy for that their skins are more perspirable Many have been born abounding with shagged haire almost like unto water-Spaniels Men borne with shagged haire like a water Spaniel we read first of Esau that he was the first of this Tribe Gen. cap. 27. Majolus in Colloquiis and Majolus recites a story that in the Town of Pisa named Petrosancta there was borne of a smooth woman a Virgin covered all over with long haire whose image Aldrovandus hath exhibited the cause of which effect Authors refer to the Picture of St Iohn Baptist painted after the usuall manner cloathed in Camels haire whose image hanging in her Chamber the mother had wishtly beheld All rugged with haire having pawes like a Beare was that Infant which was borne 1282. Lycosthenes of an illustrious Matron Martin the fourth being then Pope of Rome by whose command all the Pictures of Beares which were found in that Ladies house were blotted out and defaced a manifest argument of the received imagination of the Effigies of the Beares in Conception Peucerus Peucerus seemes to confirme this production by another such like
contrarily to make him to look down to hell like a beast Gods workes should not only be defaced and disgraced but his ordinance should be wonderfully altered and thereby confounded A great Sceptique in this Doctrine of Transubstantiation Scot in his discovery of Witchcraft lib. 5. cap. 1. marvels if the Devill can transforme and transubstantiate himselfe into divers shapes of man and beasts c. whether the Devill createth himselfe when he appeareth in the likenesse of a man or whether God createth him when the Devill wisheth it And he unhappily notes that a man of such a constitution of body as they imagine of these Spirits which make themselves are of far more excellent substance than the bodies of them that God made in Paradise and so the Devils workmanship do's exceed the handy-worke of God the Father and Creator of all things The Devils essence and forme in the opinion of some is proper and peculiar unto himselfe as he himselfe cannot alter it but he must needs be content therewith as that which God hath ordained him and assigned unto him as peculiarly as he hath given to us our substance without power to alter the same at our pleasures for we find not that a Spirit can make a body more then a body can make a Spirit the Spirit of God excepted which is omnipotent There is an old Tradition concerning liberi suppositi or Changlings and many stories are confidently told of some Children that have been surreptitiously taken away and others put in their roome The Legerdemaine of Changlings which have been deformed Innocents which we commonly call Changlings the Authour of Religio Medici confesseth that of all delusions wherewith the Devill abuseth man he is most puzled with the Legerdemaine of Changlings This power the Devill hath to put Changlings in the place of other Children one brings as an argument to prove that he or his instruments can transfer and transforme themselves and others Yet a learned Divine of ours thinkes a Changling is not one Child changed for another but one Child on a sudden much changed from it selfe Howbeit I find that Thomas Aquinas allowes Conjurations against the Changlings Whether the Devill may have a power of stealing transferring subborning or putting one in the place of another and of Changling Infants needs not much be questioned for that sometimes some such thing is done is not by his power but by the permission of God for the sins of men as the Learned hold especially when wicked Parents neglecting all religious care of their Children do not arme them with godly Benedictions but overwhelme them with Demoniacall execrations All men therefore may learn hence to order their Children religiously and to consecrate them to God and not to cast them away by Demoniacall maledictions FINIS AN APPENDIX Exhibiting the Pedigree of the English Gallant VPon the Relation of this intended Practicall Metamorphosis I perceived that all men thought me to be necessarily ingaged to touch upon the transformation and deformity of Apparell the thing offering it selfe so naturally every Scene almost affording some emergent occasion or other for such a Discourse Which conceit I confesse I had admitted but that I desired to keep close to my proper Argument A little therefore to answer expectation I thought good to annex this Appendix wherein I shall a little explaine this Proverbe God makes and the Tailor shapes Freely to deliver my opinion of this vanity of Apparell I conceive it to be the same itch and the same spirit of Contradiction and Phantasticalnesse working in the Children of vanity and the same abuse put upon Nature only à tergo being a kind of back-biting mockery proceeding from mans petulant wit and invention Neither do I thinke it difficult out of the preceding Treatise to produce a pedigree of our English Gallants The designe being the same in both to wit to labour to ground a perswasion in others that they are so shaped by Nature as they would appeare although their affected shapes makes them seeme far from that they really are And I think it were not impossible to prove that there was never any conceit so extravagant that ever forced the Rules of Nature or Fashion so mad which fell into the imaginations of any of these indited Nations that may not meet with some publike Fashion of Apparell among us and seeme to be grounded upon the same pretended reason Hence spring those Fashions that are in Credit among us and what is out of Fashion is out of the compasse of reason as we God knows how for the most part unreasonable judge And verily one might wonder that at such distance of time and place there should be a sympathy similitude correspondency and jumpings of so many wild and popular opinions in this matter of Extravagancy which no way seeme to hold with our naturall discourse and therefore the worser vices because they shock our naturall knowledge and give such a blow to the ordinary sottishnesse of our judgement I pray what were our Suger-loafe Hats so mightily affected of late both by men and women so incommodious for use that every puffe of wind deprived us of them requiring the imployment of one hand to keep them on Was it not the same conceit that the Macrones of Pontus and the Macrocephali once had among whom they were esteemed the best Gentlemen who had the highest head So our Gallants then to be different from the Vulger head chose for a token of their Nobility to have sugar-loafe-like Hats insomuch as he was no Gentleman then who had not such a Hat it being the same affectation and surely some of the most affected of them could have been content to have altered the very mould or block of their Head had they had patience or time to do it or could they have thought the Fashion would have lasted so long that it had been worth the corrupting of Midwives and Nurses to contribute their assistance unto the worke What were the Square-Caps which Montaigne gives us among the most phantasticall inventions but the same phansie with those square-headed Gallants of India in the Province of Old-Port and Caraqui and as much affected by them who desired to be accounted solid men and Capitis Quadrati And the City flat-Caps imitate the Brasilean flat-Flat-head and is no other than a Grecian or Gallo-Grecian Round-headnisme Our womens French-hoods that vaine Modell of an unruly member the Tongue an abusive invention might be derived from some unicorne-like dresse of haire among the Barbarous Indians Those Rackets or Periwigs which Ladies use in these parts the invention thereof they seeme to have borrowed of the Brasileans who make Frontlets of Feathers which they tye and fit in order of all colours Maskes perchance were derived first from the Numidians who cover their Faces with a black Cloath with holes made Maske-like to see thorow Painting and black-Patches are notoriously known to have been the primitive Invention of the barbarous Painter-stainers
And although these are but superficiall faults yet they are of evill presages and we are warned that the maine summers of our houses faile and shrinke when we see the Quarters bend or walls to breake Plato in his Lawes thinkes there is no worse plague or more pernicious in his City than to suffer youth to have the reines of Liberty in their own hand to change in their attires from one forme unto another and removing the judgement now to this now to that place following new fangled devices and regarding their Inventours Aristippus indeed being of a contrary complexion to Plato thought that no Garment could corrupt a chaste mind But all Civill Nations have justly thought this spreading mischiefe when it grew high worth the restraining the prodigious and ridiculous vanity of these times if ever calling for sumptuary Laws to represse the Apish Fantasticalnesse of apparell in the luxurious use whereof men seeme neither to understand the times themselves nor others The Mode being now held the only thing of consequence our Gallants fixe their judgements upon for they note the Garbe and Demeanour of men they view his Boots and his Hat and according as it complies or failes in conformity to theirs so they marke and pronounce what manner of man he is as if man consisted meerely of an out-side This very phantasticality being a reproach even unto Christianity Sir Jo. Mand. Travels c. 45. The Souldan of Cairo told Sir John Mandevill upon a day in his Chamber asking him how Christians governed themselves in our country and he answering right well thankes be to God He said secretly nay for among other things he objected he said they were so proud that they wist not how to cloath them now short now long now streight now wide and of all fashions whereas they should be humble and meeke The simplicity of the Bragmannian women condemnes the luxury of ours who are not adorned to please neither know by encreasing their beauty to affect more than they have got their members are cloathed with modesty without the precious vanity of apparell To conclude touching these indifferent things as cloaths and garments whosoever will reduce them to their true end must fit them to the service and commodity of the body whence dependeth their originall grace and comlinesse which can no way better be done then by cutting them according to the naturall shape and proportion of the body as we may probably imagine the skin-garments were wherewith the Lord God who best knew their shape first cloathed the nakednesse of our first Parents What use is there of any then Arming sleeves which answer the proportion of the arme Or to what end are our breeches as wide at the knee as the whole circumference of the waste Or why so long do they make men Duck-leg'd Or why so strained outwith an intollerable weight and waste of Points and Phansies To what end do Boots and Boot-hose Tops appeare in that circumference between our Legs that we are faine to use a wheeling stride and to go as it were in orbe to the no little hindrance of progressive motion which the stradling French basely imitates to the disguises of the foule disease It is a wonderfull testimony of the imbecillity of our judgements that when we have hit of a convenient fashion we cannot keep to it but we must commend and allow of Fashions for the rarenesse or novelty though neither goodnesse nor profit be joyned to them FINIS A Table of the chiefe matters contained in these Scenes Locally disposed according to an Alphabet of the parts of the Body A Armes BLack markes or lists upon the Armes esteemed a great Gallantry 286 Armes oakered and dyed with red blacke white black and yellow Striped like unto panes ibid. Proud women where they paint their Armes 287 Armes branded for love of each other ibid. Many borne without Arms 300 Many borne with 4 Armes ibid. 301 304 Nations with 2 Armes on their right side 301 Many endowed with 6 Armes ibid. A Nation that hath but one Arme 301 302 A child born without Arms 302 A relation of one seen lately in London who was borne without Armes and Hands ibid. B Beard BEard-haters 193 202 203 204. What art they use to eradicate and destroy their Beards ibid. Beard-lesse Nations 204 205 Nations with very thin Beards 204 205. Men with Beards like Cats ibid. The plantation of Haire about the mouth and the dignitie of the Beard maintained and all the Cavils against it answered 193 194 195 206 Where they shave the upper lip only 195 The honour of the Mustacho's or haire on the upper lip vindicated against those who offer this indignity despight to Nature 195 196 197 Uses of Mustacho's 197 Nations that shave the chin and other barball parts and nourish the Mustacho's ibid. or 198 That custome condemned not only as an act of indecency but of injustice and ingratitude against God and Nature ibid. c. 199 200 Cutting off Beards where a punishment 200 201 Where the men weare halfe their Beards shaven the other halfe long ibid. The use of the Beard and the ends to which it naturally serves 206 207 The Beard the sign of a man 208 Lovers of a Beard 209. Nations that affect very long Beards 210 Formall Beards affected 211 Where Batchelours dare not weare a Beard 211 212 Beard diers ibid. The vanity of dyed Beards 213 214 Bearded women 215 216 B Breasts Breasts loathsome lovely-long reaching downe to the wast where esteemed for a goodly thing 310 311 Where they have them under their Waste and unto their knees 310 What force they use to draw out their Breasts to this length 311 Where they cast their Dugs over their shoulders and so the childe sucketh as it hangs ibid. That this is a device contrary to the intention of Nature The inconvenienâ—es attending these goodly sagging Breasts or Pap-fashions ibid. or 313 The proportion of the Breasts in women 312 Natures provision against the flagging of the Breasts so low ibid That they sin against Nature who never tie them up or forcibly draw them out ibid Great Breasts no way commendable 314 A remarkable History of one that had great breasts 313 Very little Breasts affected 316 Cosmeticks allowed contrived by Art to restraine the extuberancy of overgrown Breasts and to reduce them to their naturall proportion ibid. That it is a crime in women not to afford their Breasts to their owne Children 317 Histories of many men having great Breasts bearing out like unto women and that give suck unto their own Children ibid. Male Nurses 318 The businesse of men's having milke in their Breasts and giving suck enquired after and stated 318 319 320 How men come to have milke in their Breasts 320 Whether the Breasts of men were to have any milke in them 320 Whether the Breasts of Men generate milke according unto Natures ibid. The reputation of Nature in this businesse vindicated 321 Right hand Amazons who
254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 Spotted Faces affected 261 Black patches noted and exploded 261 262 263 Painting an old trade 264 The vanity of painting 265 Painting in a man odious 263 Painters admonished 268 Painting a base invention and condemned 267 269 The use of the cuticle of the Face 266 The providence of Nature imitated by the industry of these Artizans or rather Curtezans who smooth and polish it ibid. Musiâ—ians accounted among them that corrupt and deform the face 273 That that motion which offends the Face produceth no harmonious sound or doth not accompany it proportionably 274 The figure of the Face into what differences generally distinguished 129 The figure of the Face and that which Critiques in beauty call the form set out 130 That beauty resides in the forme ibid. That it is not the graphicall constitution of parts but the concord and Agreement of parts that makes a beautifull or comely face ibid. The absolute form of a mans Face 131 The absolute forme of a womans Face ibid. 132 Forehead VVHere they are adjudged most beautifull who have little low and short Foreheads 74 By what artificiall meanes they labour to have such Foreheads ibid Somewhat the like affectation in men and women observed in a fashion lately used by us ibid. The grosse indignity they offer unto Nature who endeavour to have such Cat-like Foreheads 75 76 The inconveniences of little Foreheads 76 What artificiall violence was probably used to the conformation of such a little Forehead by a perversion of the naturall forme 76 77 How Nature hath circumscrib'd the Forehead 74 75 Very high foreheads affected 77 78 What they doe to obtaine such Foreheads ibid. Where they love a broad Forehead 78 What art is used to have it so ibid. What is properly a broad Forehead 79 Whom it may become ibid. That it is not a figure much differing from the naturall ibid. Where they use great care to have exporrected Foreheads 79 Where a prominent Forehead is affected as a signe of a valiant man 80 How they endeavour to represent this gibbosity of the Front 80 That frontall affectation exploded as fallacious and not conferring to their ends ibid. Wherein Nature is damnifyed by this affectation ibid. 81 The regular beauty of the Forehead vindicated and the naturall magnitude and proportion thereof set out 81 That the Forehead ought to draw nigher to a plainnesse then a convexity or concavity 82 That a front disposed according to Nature comes into a naturall mediocrity ibid. The reasons of both these ibid. That the front alone may be varied 765 waies 130 Where they have cloudy Foreheads made so by art 82 Wherein this affectation crosseth the intention of Nature ibid. 83 Where they have generally smooth foreheads 82 Stigmatiz'd Foreheads where accounted a grace and a note of generosity 83 Frontall Characters where familiar and esteemed great ensignes of honour and nobility ibid. This phantasticall prevarication exploded 84 Nations that spot and paint their Foreheads ibid. Wherein they affront Nature by this devise 85 Fingers SEdigiti or men with six fingers upon a hand 304 Monsters borne with six fingers on each hand ibid. 305 A sixth finger unprofitable for the most part but not alwaies 305 306 Foot VVHere they are accounted the finest and properest women who have small feet which are held a great grace 416 417 What artifice their mothers use from their Infancy to have them remaine small 417 Another supposed originall of this custome ibid. The force of this custome ibid. How the action of the foot is prejudiced by this custome 416 417 420 What women in Europe have the least feet 418 Where women have their feet so small that they are called Sparrow-footed 421 What feet are properly called small 420 Little feet more pleasant to looke upon than serviceable unto the body and although they may be accounted delicate yet not beautifull ibid. Where the women are well proportioned in their feet 431 The naturall use of the Foot 418 That it is truly admirable that man supported upon two narrow soles of his Feet should be kept upright and not fall 419 Whence it is that he stands so firmely upon so narrow a Basis 419 420 That shooes or any induments of the Feet are besides Nature and very prejudiciall to the action of the Toes of the Feet 419 Nations with feet of a Cubit long 421 Nations that have but one monstrous broad foot conjecturally inlarged by Art 421 422 Nations that have but one leg and foot and one arme 422 423 Wild men who have their feet turned backward behind their legs 422 Such another Nation with eight Toes ibid. Where they have long legs broad feet and long toes 423 Nations with crooked feet ibid. Monsters borne with foure feet 300 301 Monsters borne with three feet 301 Nations with one foot 422 Men with feet fashioned like a halfe moone with two toes on each foot ibid. Where they have generally two nailes upon their little toes ibid. Whether any such Monsters shall appeare with their deformities in the Resurrection 423 424 Where the beauty of the Country is to colour their feet red 424 Where they colour the nailes of their feet red ibid. H Head THat the naturall mould or figure of the Head hath been tampered with and altered by Art 1 That Midwives and Nurses in all Regions have a great hand in forming of Childrens Heads after their births 2 The first head-moulders we read of where found and how named ibid. Where they were esteemed the best Gentlemen who had the longest sugar-loafe like Heads ibid. The Artifice discovered whereby they did constraine their Heads to grow into this figure ibid. 3 That this artificialnesse in processe of time was converted into Nature insomuch as thenceforth the Art and diligence of the Midwives therein became superfluous 3 That when Nature was left to her liberty without oppressing her any longer by Art she turned by little and little to recover the figure which she had before ibid. What Nations besides the Phoxi of Hippocrates were noted of old to have high turbinated heads 3 4 6 Where this figure of the Head is in fashion at this day and held a note of great gentility and a gallant spirit 4 The Artifice used by them to introduce this forme of the Head ibid. From whence they received this custome 5 That this compulsive force of Art is many times very injurious to Nature and her operations but not alwaies ibid. When this figure proves a disease when not ibid. This by Bauhinus accounted a fifth figure of the Head contrived by Art 38 The property that these sugar-loafe-like Headed Gallants have in the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 maintained against those Physitians and Anatomists that have questioned it 36 37 38 That Nature hath many times mocked Art in producing this figure of the Head in some Monsters 5 Nations affecting a long Head 7 By what Artifice they are brought unto it ibid. What
inconveniences attend this affectation practised upon supposition of conferring beauty on children 8 Short-heads and Flat-heads by what Nations affected ibid. The Art whereby they attaine unto that figure of the Head ibid. The inconveniences that many times ensue this affected fashion of the Head with the reasons and examples thereof 9 Round-heads by what Nations affected of old and at this day 10 The art by which they acquire and nourish this figure of the head in their Children ibid. 11 12 The dammage they sustaine by thus forcing their heads to a sphericall forme or thorough roundnesse 11 12 A round head why commended by Albertus Magnus 12 Broad Heads by what Nations affected ibid. 13 What art they use to cause this affected deformity ibid. ibid. A very long thin ovall Head where affected ibid. By what art they attaine to this deformity ibid. Square Heads where in fashion 14 What Art is used to bring their childrens Heads to this fashion ibid. The violation of this Artifice not practised nor this fashion of the Head known in the time of Gallen ibid. That Gallen reckoning up the foure non-naturall figures of the Head and amongst the rest this though that this could not possibly be found ibid. Vesalius his authorities and experience opposing Gallen in this matter 15 Hofmans opinion concerning this being accounted among the non-naturall or invaletudinary figures of 〈◊〉 Head ibid. The dammage that these Gallants suffer in their intellectualls by this affectation ibid. 16 An example of a child borne with a kind of angular head by the physicall Corrector reduced to the naturall shape 16 17 Cynocephali or Nations affecting the forme or figure of a Dogs-head holding it a singular beauty in them 17 18 245 That they have this resemblance not naturally but artificially and how they bring their new-borne Children to this fashionable deformity 20 246 A kind of Physiognomy to discerne all Nations by the figure of their Heads 6 The regular beauty and honesty of Nature vindicated from these depravations of Art 34 35 The naturall figure of the head stated 36 It s legitimate magnitude 35 The foure equall reciprocall lines required that the parts of the head should agree among themselves ibid. 36 What inequality of these lines in their just and naturall constitution make a Head long short broad accuminate or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 36 That all figures of the Head are not equally naturall as Columbus supposeth 38 That that figure of the Head is naturall which is for the most part which also is commodious to the actions of Nature such being that which constitutes the naturall figure ibid. What naturall benefits they enjoy who have this figure with a decent magnitude ibid. Why this laterally compressed spheare should be the most proper and naturall figure of the head and the finall causes thereof enquired 39 40 41 The Nurses in those nations commended who have been tender in this point of offering violence to nature leaving her free to her own course not using any thing to hinder the naturall growth of the Head 41 A private example of the benefit received by a renunciation of all artificiall contrivance formerly practised on the Head upon imaginary conceits of beauty and generosity 42 A strange History of an artificiall Hydrocephalos 30 31 Horned Nations 28 29 By what art some of them come to have hornes on their Heads 30 Children born with hornes on their Head and men and women cornuted by a disease 28. 29 Ricipites or men with two Heads 31 32 33 The birth of such monsters ever held prodigious 34 The reason of such strange productions ibid. Acephali or headlesse Nations 20 21 22 23 The doubt of their originall resolved and that they are of Adams progeny 24 25 The finall cause of those prodigious apparitions 25 Why such monsters concurre not to the perfection of the universe ibid. A reason given of this monstrous alienation from the humane forme 26 Infants born without Heads ibid. That reason may perswade us that it is not impossible that the instruments of Nature may perform their office although the head be not advanced above the shoulders 26 27 The artifice which is supposed they use to reduce their Heads below their shoulders 27 That the donation of Nature in the use of the Necke is lost by this artifice 27 28 Nations who use art to alter the substance and temper of their Heads 42 Block Heads and Logger Heads where in request ibid. By what severall artifices they purchase this property of a hard head 43 That by the concurrent temper of the Climate and this artifice their sutures doe grow together and are obliterated their skuls growing solid ibid. soft-Soft-heads where a tearme of reproach 42 That it is inconvenient to keep the Head to warm 44 Where the women have the suture Coronalis loose and how they defend it from the injury of the aire The mistake of Celsus affirming these hard-Headed Gallants heads to become hereby more firme and safe from pain moderately expounded by Fallopius 44 45 46 That although they gain a defence against outward injuries more then the ordinary provision of Nature doth afford yet that they thereby become more obnoxions to internall to wit diseases arising from the retention of fuliginous vapours 44 That their thick skuls may render them more indocile and oblivious ib. The justice and wisdome of Nature about Sutures suffering in the opinion of Celsus experimentally vindicated by Columbus 45 46 Haire NAtions esteeming the Hair upon the Head a very great reproach therefore affecting baldnesse 47 48 Where women shave their Heads and not men and are accounted fairest when their heads are shaven 48 49 The Haire maintained an ornament of the Head against those who would have it an abject excrement which Nature never intended for an ornament 49 50 The Haire no excrement and why ibid. The naturall uses of the haire set out 50 51 That they who cut them wholly away doe not onely bring a deformity upon Nature but afford an occasion of defluxions 50 All the waies of decalvation practised by the ancients to the prejudice of Nature condemned 51 Cosmetiques commended as laudable which preserve Haire for the use and intention of Nature ibid. That shaving the Head is a disgrace put upon Nature ibid. That an indeleable character of infamy cleaves to his name who first suffered the Haire of his Head to be shaved ibid. That his wit was misimployed who tooke upon him to commend baldnesse ibid. Nations who shave the foreparts of their Head 53 54 Nations that shave the hinder part of their Head onely ibid. Long dangling Earelocks worne before where a renewed fashion and a pestilent custome 54 Nations who weare their haire long on the right side of their Head and shave the left side ibid. That these men deprive themselves in a manner of halfe the benefit intended them by Nature 55 The vindication of Nature from this affront 57 58 Where the women use to
Nailes 192 193 Long unpared nailes condemned as against the intention of Nature 296 The end of the growth of the nailes not to repaire their decay by wearing 298 Nailes never intended as weapons of offensive scratching in man or woman 298 299 That the care of conforming extravagant Nailes to the Law of Nature appertaines to reason and the practique intellect 264 295 296 297 Long Nailes thought by some to be a sin 297 The use of the Nailes 298 Where the women cut their nailes and jag them round 289 The dignity and majesty of Nature in the encrease of nailes defended 294 Where it is the fashion and beauty of the Country to make the nailes of their hands red yellow and party coloured and where they gild them 288 289 How they do it ibid. Their offence against Nature noted and the naturall beauty of the Naile vindicated 290 Necks MEn with Necks of a Cubit long 275 Nations with their Necks so long that they resemble the neck of a Crane ibid. 276 Long gangâ—ell Necks inconvenient ibid. Philoxenes his wish for a long Neck exploded ibid. Nations that have no Neck 277 That it is not impossible for a man to live without a Neck 278 An Infant borne without a neck 277 Where men and women have gutturall bottles hanging down at their throat even to their navels 278 The cause of that swelling in their throats 279 Nose VVHere the women cut and pare their Noses between their Eyes that they may seeme more flat and saddle Nosed 112 This trespasse against beauty and the majesty of Nature exploded 113 What benefits and reall beauties those people deprive themselves of by this affected deformity 114 Where they use to cut off their Nostrils from their Noses 115 Nations that have no Nose nor nostrils 116 The ornament and naturall beauty of the Nose maintained 116 117 The utility of the Nose and the beauty of office or officiall elegancy thereof declared 118 The reasons why the Nose was placed in the middle of the Face between the Eyes 114 Men whose Noses are slit like broken winded Horses 119 An Infant born with such Nostrils ibid. Where they are held for the finest women who have little Noses 120 What art they use to prohibit the increase of the Noses of their female children ibid. Where when they would make the portaicture of a deformed man they paint him with a long Nose ibid. That this fashion abates somewhat of their sagacity 120 Long Noses where affected 120 121 What art the Midwives there use to make the Nose more faire and longer ibid. The naturall proportion and symetry of the Nose 121 Their trespasse against Nature noted who upon pretence of beauty enlarge or prohibite the naturall extendure of the Nose ibid. Thick and great Noses where in request 121 122 Caused by an affectation of art ibid. The inconveniences and prejudice to Nature that may follow hereupon 122 123 Where the Inhabitants have all Camoyse or saddle Noses 123 124 125 That all Children are a little Camoise Nosed and why 133 That nature not alwaies needs the officious hands of Midwives in this case as if shee were not able to perfect her own work 134 Where the Midwives are too forward to help Nature in this case 133 Their pragmaticall artifice herein taxed ibid. The inconveniences of saddle Noses 127 An Ape-like Nose condemned 182 Flat plaine and broad Noses where esteemed a great Ornament and the principall part of beauty to consist therein 123 By what artifice their Childrens Noses are brought to this forme ibid. Whether a flat Nose can conferre any beauty to the face 129 A shooing horne-like-Nose where not affected 133 The reasons of the prominency of the Nose asserted 126 What inconveniences would have ensued upon a Nose bread in the spine or back 126 That these Nose Levellers may incurre some inconveniences and prejudice Nature not onely in those actions wherein it is profitable for the bettering of life but in those wherein it is necessary to life it selfe ibid. Whether these Nose-Levellers obtaine their end of advancing the beauty of their Faces 129 130 That a flat Ape-like Nose can never become a mans face 128 Wherein the beauty of the Nose consists 130 The naturall perfection of the Nose in men and women 131 What figure of the Nose agrees with such a face ibid. Where a high aquiline or hawks Nose was and is in request as a note of honour and magnanimity 134 135 That it was an honourable office to looke to the conforming of the Princes Nose to make it as beautifull as might be and crooked like a hawks bill ibid. Mercurialis his conjecture what artifice and instruments they used to conforme the Nose to their desire ibid. A Hawkes-Nose where gentililitious and native ibid. 136 That when there is an ill conformation of the Nostrils it belongs to the corrective part of medicine to reform it 135 A high prominent Nose where affected 1â—6 Nations who in a bravery and as an ensigne of nobility and greatnesse bore holes in their Noses wearing Nose-Jewels therein 137 13â— That foolish fashion of Nose Jewels exploded 139 140 Where they have markes on their Noses made for a bravery 138 How they make them ibid. That their invention was much put to it who first bored the Nose to introduce a fashion 139 That such an invention is to the prejudice of natures Nasall operations 140 Where they stick pins on their Noses 138 Wherein the beauty of the Nose consists 139 P Privy-parts VVHere they were in their yards betwixt the skin and the flesh Bels of Gold silver or brasse as big as nuts 347 â—48 A description of these yard bals 349 How and when they put them in 347 348 Why they were invented 348 This invention where it might be usefull against Sodomy 350 Absurd projects of women to gaine regard 351 Where it was a custome to fasten a Ring or Buckle on the foreskin of their Yard and for what ends 352 The art of infibulation or butning up the Prepuce with a brasse or silver button and whence it came 353 Where they weare rings in their Yards ibid. Where they trusse up their Genitals within their body ibid. Their ends of this Custome 354 Semi-Eunuchs or men with one stone one being alwaies taken from them by their Nurses 354 Men with three stones ibid. Whether the testicles be required to the forming of the voice 355 Who was the first that caused young male children to be made Eunuches 354 The reasons and ends of introducing Eunuchisme ibid. and 356 How many waies there are of this uÌ„natural dilapidatioÌ„ of the body 359 The time of mâ—king Eunuches 360 That the name Eunuch is but a cloake wherewith they cover the injury done to nature 357 The first rise of the reputation of such Semi-virs or halfe men ibid. The story of Gombalus ibid. Where they sell their children to be made Eunuches 359 Religious Eunuchs 358 The reason of their castration ibid.
Where Eunuches who have religious women in keeping because they shall not be loved have also their noses and lips cut off 357 Eunuches by a totall deprivation of their Genitals why first made 359 Where such Eunuches are in great request 360 Stories of many that have castrated themselves 356 357 358 359 This kind of operation very improper for Physitians and why 359 That Castration is high treason against Nature ibid. What deformity Castration introduces upon the body of man 363 In what cases a dispensation may be granted for Eunuches 362 Who was the first that made women Eunuches 363 Whether women may be castrated 364 The manner of operation and danger thereof ibid. A History of a maid spaded in Lincolneshire 364 365 Another History of one spaded a new way ibid. Riolanus his opinion of the ancient way of operation ibid. What Nations Circumcise the Prepuce of their Yard 366 The naturall ends they propounded therein ibid. Where women have the office of excising men 372 The reasons alleadged for the Judaicall Circumcision 368 379 That they who were Circumcised might make themselves uncircumcised ibid. Who was first thought to have practised this 369 The cure of a prepuce made short by Circumcision ibid. The manner of Circumcision with the modern Jewes ibid. Mahometan Circumcision 370 The difference of the Mahometans and Jews Circumcision 371 The manner of Circumcision at Ginney and Binney 372 A History of Circumcision at Ginney 373 Priviledges affected in Circumcision 374 The inconveniences of Circumcision 377 The injury of Circumcision ib. 378 That one may be born circumcised by nature 368 369 The naturall uses of the prepuce according to Anatomists 376 The pretences of those who use circumcision for a naturall end exploded 377 The danger of judaicall circumcision 379 380 That circumcision is directly against the honesty of Nature 379 That if there had not been some figurative meaning in Circumcision it would have been a most absurd and unreasonable thing For if God would have had onely the foreskin cut off he had from the beginning made man without a prepuce 379 Circumcised Christians 367 In what cases for a naturall end circumcision is onely permitted 362 A new way of Circumcising men by way of strangulation 376 Where women are Circumcised 380 The originall and reason of this invention 381 Where women excise themselves not from a notion of religion but as an ornament ibid. The error sin of this custome 380 How this Circumcision of a woman is done ibid. 381 Men with Members like Asses and where they have a great privy member in great esteem 389 399 Supposed to be nourished by art ibid. The just length and magnitude of the virile member when it is conform'd according to the law of Nature 400 Midwives supposed to be the cause either of the length or shortnes of the virile member according as they knit the navell string 400 401 The Anatomicall reason given thereof with the opinion of Spigelius 400 That whatsoever augmentation of parts is gained by Art besides the will and ordinary allowance of Nature it is commonly attended by some inconveniences 401 The reason of the inconveniences which follow the magnitude and the foule immoderate longitude of the Organ of generation 402 403 Where they use to binde up the Fore-skin of their Privities with a little cord and unty it not but to make water or when they use the act of Generation 381 An expostulation of this unnaturall restraint 382 Men whose Members hang down to their shanks 403 Pygmaei magno veretro 404 Where they adorne their Genitals with pretious stones 383 Where they deprive their secret parts of that which nature intended to make them more secret 383 How this is done and upon what pretence 383 384 Where women never have their flowers 390 By what meanes they prevent their monthly Flux ibid. Their ingratitude to Nature taxed for endeavouring to dâ—vert the ordinary course of Nature 391 Nations commended as more respective to nature in this particular 391 Where the women have a most streight and narrow neck of their wombe that they very hardly admit a Man 392 That this happens to them by art not by any benefit of Nature ibid. Where this art is familiarly and commonly practised 392 393 The miserable and dangerous effects of this artifice 393 Where the virgins use art to distend their Muliebria most capaciously 393 Where they to use sew up the private passage of Nature in their Female child leaving a small passage for their urine 394 39â— Where the Midwives are wont to breake that membrane as unprofitable which Anatomists call Hymen 384 How they doe it ibid. The prodigious conceit of Nero who must needs have a boy cut and made forsooth a woman 407 The naturall change of women into men confuted by demonstration of Anatomy and Nature vindicated from being guilty of any such practicall Metamorphosis 405 That men to be changed into women is very rare 407 Nations of Hermophrodites who have the generative parts of both sexes 386 390 Hereticks that thought the first man was an Hermaphrodite 386 Their opinion confuted by Scripture ibid. and 387 The kindes of Hermophrodites ibid. That those who in old time were called by the name of Androgyni were reputed for prodigious Monsters 389 Ancient Records of such Hermaphrodites ibid. The causes of Hermophrodites 390 S Shoulders HIgh-huff Shoulders where in fashion and naturall 280 Where their shoulders are higher then their Heads ibid. Some concurrent affectation suspected in these Nations ibid. Broad shoulders where in request and indeavoured or imitated by art 281 The inconveniences of broad shoulders and why Platonick Men are not affected by women ibid. Narrow and contracted shoulders where affected 282 With what art they of old affected this composure of the Shoulders ibid. This affectation of drawing the shoulder-points too neer noted and condemned ibid. Where the Noble Virgins Right Shoulders are higher and bigger then the left 283 The cause thereof enquired ibid. Crook-back'd Nations 284 T Teeth VVHere red Teeth are accounted a great beauty 217 By what industry they attain unto this Dentall bravery ibid. Where the principall women take a pride in black Teeth 217 218 Black Teeth where a singular beauty 218 219 Where so greatly affected that the blacker they are the more beautifull they are esteemed and worthy of greater honour ibid. How they make them black ibid. Where they polish their black teeth which makes them shew like polish'd Ebony 219 Where they colour their Teeth red and black 217 How they colour them so ibid. Where the men and women in a foolish pride black their Teeth because Dogs Teeth forsooth are white 219 Where the women guild their Teeth 221 White Teeth the true naturall beauty ibid. They condemned that alter the native candor of the Teeth ibid. Nations commended that are carefull to preserve the naturall beauty of the Teeth ibid. Their artifice whereby they make them look like polished Ivory
Porphirius saith that over the Land of Sicilie there happened a great Eclipse Rabbi Moses partic 24 Aphorism and that Yeare the VVomen of that Region brought forth deformed Sonns having two Heads Lycost lib. prodig Anno Domini 1104 there were monstrous Births brought forth Cattell and Men Borne with two Heads Aventinus lib. 5 Annal. Bojorum After Clement the third was driven out of the City among other prodigies there were also Monstrous Births Men Borne with two Heads But wee must know above all things that these apparitions that be contrarie to Nature happen not without the providence of Almighty God but for the punishing and admonishing of Men these things by his just judgment are often permitted not but that Man hath a great hand in these monstrosities for inordinate Lust is drawn in as a Cause of these Events whereby the seed of Man is made weak and unperfect whence the productions thereof must necessarily prove weake and imperfect for from a precedent defect in the seed it is a conseqence that the issue must be defective and on the contrarie if the seed be superfluous out of a superfluous a superfluous is begot as any one may easily collect Amongst the rest Sennertus speaking of the vitious Figures of the Head thinks that all Heads which recede from the Naturall Figure are by Galen generally called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and so they are not onely 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which have capita fastigiata copt-crown'd or acuminate Heads but also those in whom either the fore or hinder or both the emminencies are wanting or jet out more then is meet so that Heads onely backward Phoxi or forward or upward may appeare sharp towards the top For either the Synciput or anterior part of the skull is more emminent then it should be the hinder part of the Head on the other side as it were vanishing away and not extuberant or else the hinder part of the Head is prominent and neither the Anterior nor Posterior eminency protuberates and if it be not depressed on the sides it exhibits as it were a perfect Spheare and if it be depressed in the Temples the Head may run out in the top or crown and be acuminate Hofman saith Hofman Inst med lib. 3. that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the Greeks are those who want the fore and hinder eminency of the Head called in Dutch Spitzkoepf the same also are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he knows not how to call them in Latine yet he will describe them Qui acuminato sunt capite And therefore though Fallopius will have all those who have a preternaturall Figure of the Head to be called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Galen and that therefore it ought not to be rendered acutum or acuminatum but depravatum that it might be rightly opposed unto the Naturall Yet Hofmannus is for the first version Hofman comment de usu part for since 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the confession of Fallopius himself is opposed to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the word which Galen useth to expresse the very Naturall Figure of the Head who sees not saith he that the Head ceaseth to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 oblongum and thereby to be made acute or acuminate when either or both the Eminencies perish and if Galen extend the word more largely to those who have the Eminencies protuberating beyond the Naturall proportion The Heads true Figure that ought not to evert the proper signification received of all Authors therefore 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is properly he who hath an acuminate Head such a one as he thinks the Latines call Chilonem Bauhin Anat. lib. 3. and which Bauhinus accounts for a fifth Figure of the Head contrived by Art But it appears plainly that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to wit sphera oblonga not prolonga as some interpret it which Galen seems to point to as it were with the Finger where he cals it spheram quasi compressam which you must conceive about the Eares and the Temples is the onely Naturall Figure of the Head which when Columbus denies affirming all Figures of the Head to be equally Naturall he doth nothing for this is Naturall which is for the most part which also is most commodious to the Actions of Nature But such is the Figure which Galen out of Hippocrates sayes does constitute the Naturall Figure a spheare not every where equall but such a one as hath cavities and Eminencies For the best Figure of the Head which is Naturall is assimilated to a spheare gently compressed on each side and which is in the Temples after a manner plaine but in the fore-part and hinder part is more prominent then in a Spheare yet it more protuterates in this then that in the Crown it observes the convexity of a Spheare they therefore who chance to have such a Head with a decent magnitude they enjoy a vigorous alacritie of senses and are endowed with a good strength of Body But why this laterall compression should be the most proper and Naturall Figure of the Head that the fore-part and hinder parts thereby are made more gibbous and the finall cause thereof ought to be enquired Avicens opinion is Avicen that although the skull be round yet it is oblong made in length because the originall of the Nerves are disposed from the Brain in longitude and therefore it was fit they should not be streightned and it hath two Eminencies one before and another behinde that the Nerves might descend which descend to the front and the Nucha Zonardus well notes that the Head hath such a Globous roundnesse Zonardus which on both sides is somwhat plaine in the Anterior part it is somewhat acute and elevated and that to retaine the Ventricle of the Braine in the fore-deck of the Head out of which the Nerves which cause the five Senses proceed and after the same manner it is a little elevated in the hinder part for the reception of the Ventricle in the sterne or hinder deck from whence the spondible Marrow and the Nerves which procure voluntary motion arise Hugo Senensis saith Hugo Senensis this manner of compression was contrived for the better distinguishing of the places from whence it was opportune the Nerves should arise which would not have been well distinguished if the Head had been exactly round Secondly because the former and hinder Ventricle ought to have a greater cavity then the middle and because the middle Ventricle ought to be a way from one to the rest therefore it was necessary that the Anterior and Posterior parts should have an Eminency Archangelus Picholomenus thinks Pichol praelect Anat. lib. 5. the Braine is lightly depressed on each side and a little exporrected in length for the foremost Ventricles sake made hollow in it which appeares to be oblong to whose hinder part the third Ventricle adheares and to the third the
soone fetcht off all the Haire and thereby introduced a very ridiculous aspect being without all recovery deprived of the Native Ornament of this part To draw them into embowed Arches is but an imitation of Nature but to make them meet is more then shee ever intended but as the Arabians doe to paint them in a Triangular forme is a piece of Geometry which we cannot allow to be exercised in the Eye-brows SCENE V. Eye-lids turned backward towards the Forehead Eye-lid Fashions affected as Notes of Gallantry and Beauty by divers Nations The Giachas or Agagi of the Ethiopian Countreys beyond Congo Purchas Pilgr 2. lib. 7. Lindschoten lib. 1. have a custome to turne their Eye-lids backwards towards the Forehead and round about Pigafetta's report of the Kingdome of Congo so that their skin being all black and in that blacknesse shewing the white of their Eyes it is a very dreadfull and divilish sight to behold for they thereby cast upon the beholders a most dreadfull astonishing aspect Johan Bohem. de moribus Gentium lib. 2. The Tartars under the great Cham have the cleane contrary appearance for they have grosse prominent Eyes very much covered with their Eye-lids insomuch that the opening in them is very small whether they use any Artifice to cause this extraordinarie expansion of the Eye-lids I have not as yet discovered but certainly they hold it no imperfection For although of all men they are most deformed in Body yet this Nation contemnes all other Men thinking themselves to excell in prudence and goodnesse that they disdaine and explode all others from them Munster Cosmograph lib. 6. cap. 55. The Inhabitants of the Cape of Good Hope which Pomponius cals the Head of Aphrica pull off the Haire of their Eye-lids and therein they paint divers things in a manifold colour as white black skie colour and red Purchas Pilgr 1. lib. 4. The Brasilians also and those of Sierra Leona in the East-Indies pull off and eradicate the Haire growing on their Eye-lids Lindsc lib. 2. which makes them shew for the most part fearefull and ugly Med. pars 2. Montanus it seems was not aware of this unnaturall kinde of depilation practised by these Nations where he saith that none ever desired to destroy these Congenite and naturall Hairs either Male or Female but all as well as they can endeavour to preserve them although in the Postgeniti they discent for there are some who desire to have them The use of the Haire of the Eye-lids and some affect them them not as Women and effeminate Men to whom he hath afforded a learned although somewhat too officious an accommodation Man is then perfect when he wants none of those things which he ought to have for that is his perfection Every Essence hath its perfection the Eye of a Man is then Humane when it obtaines haires on the Eye-lids and Eye-brows It may be objected that Man lives without these and sees who denies it but that man who is deprived of these doth not live nor see humanely according to the order and lawes of kinde constituted by Nature Whatever is in the Body of Man according to Nature that is simply necessary you may measure the necessity by the essence for both are convertible for if they prove defective or any thing be wanting that Body is no longer perfect and absolute but lame and imperfect Whatever Haire is in the Body whatever it be so nothing happen besides Nature it is necessary which we ought to be perswaded of and that by a reason no way contemptible taken from the dignity of Nature who alwaies whatsoever she doth shee doth for some end for 't is absurd as Plotine saith to say that there is something constituted in the order of things and to have nothing that it can for an Ens is such naturally that it should Act or suffer something which sentence is not onely true of the species of Essences in generall but of all parts that Naturally exist in any specifique Body as those haires doe and if we examine the uses of the Haire in these parts we shall soon perceive the folly and madness of these nations who to their owne shame and prejudice have rejected the naturall benefits intended them by the wisdome and providence of God manifested in the Fabrique of the Eye-lids for first the great builder of our Body hath imposed a necessity upon them of observing an equall proportionate magnitude longitude number and intervall so that they need no clipping making withall an exact provision for their inoffensive positure from casting any shadow upon the Eye to intercept the continuity of objects or hindering the Eye from looking upwards which otherwise perchance might have been pretended and pleaded in excuse of their impious depilation and robbing the Eye-lids of their defensive Palisado not onely made as some would have them for an Ornament unto the Eye but for perspection and to direct the sight of the Visory spirits and the Rayes which flow from the Interior parts And this by Kypler Kypler is accounted one reason of the contrivance of the Eye-lids that these teguments of the Eyes by their convenient contraction might infer a due shadow from the innate Haires of the Eye-lids whence it is that when wee would perfectly view a thing wee bring our Eye-lids as neer as we can to the pupill of the Eye that by conniving onely we might better behold a thing Since these fallen or retorted which never happens but in the great affections of the part Man cannot see as before right forward or far off And it is observed that the Tovopinambaultians who likewise practise this unnaturall dipilation become thereby dim-sighted and of a torve or crooked aspect And when they rest in sleep they preserve the Eye from being hurt The frequent Nictations also in Men awake is to recreate the sight and to prevent the violent falling of any thing into the open Eyes which is insnared in them as in a Net They therefore that want these preservers of sight as experience hath shewed us are offended with the least dust and of all things almost that occurre Eye-lid painters though never so small Plinie noteth Plin. Lib. 11. Nat. Hist that the Women of Rome did colour the Haire of their Eye-lids every day with an ordinarie painting that they had so curious are our Dames saith he and would so faine be Faire and Beautifull that forsooth they must die their Eyes also Nature ywis gave them these hairie Eye-lids for another end The Turks have a black powder made of a Mineral called Alchole Sandys Travels lib. 1. which with a fine pencill they lay under their Eye-lids which doth color them black whereby the white of the Eye is set off more white with the same powder also they colour the haires of their Eye-lids which is practised also by the Women And you shall finde in Xenophon that the Medes used
to paint their Eyes All endeavour of Art pretending to advance the Eye above its naturall Beauty is vaine and impious as much derogating from the wisdome of Nature Art indeed where Nature sometimes failes and proves defective may helpe to further her perfection but where shee appeares absolute Eye-lid haires painted there to add or detract is instead of mending to marr all Yet perchance the Turks in painting the haire of their Eye-lids might be excused if they did it to a Naturall end which I doubt they doe not but in a Phantasticall bravery for some think that the haire of the Eye-lids doe cast a shadow upon the Eye helping thereby the blacknesse of the thin membrane Chorion the first that covereth the Optique sinew and prohibits the diffusion of the splendor of the Christalline Philippus Montalto 4. Opt. 8. Johnstoni Thaumato graphia Hfoman de usu paraium lib. 10. cap. 7. which as Montalto saies is better done when they are black which he sheweth by the example of one who having gray Eyes and somewhat white haires on his Eye-lids as often as he blackt them with Ink he saw better Of this Man he reports that in his Childhood and Youth he saw better in the Night then in the Day but when he was a Man the case was altered with him And he adds that the Moores having taken him blackt the Haire of his Eyebrows with ink whereupon he saw better but his old defect returned if he had wiped off the Ink. The cause whereof being omitted by Montalto the most learned Plempeius throughly understood to wit that the white Haire of the Eye-lids did too much diminish those things which were painted in the Net-like Coate called Retiformis And Kypler would not have this notion neglected that the Haires of the Eye-lids do chiefly conduce by their umbrosity to a more expresse Picture of speciesses to which end for the most part they happen to be black and they who have them white see not so perfectly SCENE VI. One Ey'd Nations Monstrous conformations properties colours proportions and Fashionable affectations of Eyes amongst certain Nations NAture solicitous about so excellent an Action of the Eyes bestowed on living creatures not one but to every one two That Cognition might be perfect and that when one failes we should not presently be altogether deprived of so great a gift Yet there are found in the Indies as Cosmographers testifie Men who have but one Eye and that planted in their Foreheads Authors of no contemptible authority avouch that there are such One-Ey'd Nations Aulus Gellius witnesseth Aul. Gel. Noct. Att. lib. 9. cap 4. that he had learn'd from very Ancient writers that in Scythia there are a certaine Nation who have but one Eye in the middle of their Foreheads who are called Arimaspi and Appian placeth them in Asia Pet. Appian Cosmogr de Asia cap. 3. Solinus cap. 19. Idem cap. 32. Solinus saith that about Besglithra placed not farr from the Caspian Sea there is an one-Ey'd Nation and in another place he saith that towards the Occidentall part of Aethiopia the Agriophagi inhabit who feed upon the flesh of Panthers and Lions onely Idem cap. 53. having a King that hath but one Eye and that in his Forehead In another part of his Booke wee read saith he of Men among the Indians who are Monoculists Plinius Nat. Hist li. 7. cap. 2. or borne with one Eye Plinie reports also of the Arimaspi to be a Unocular Nation having one Eye in the middle of their Front and he places them neere unto those Scythians that inhabit toward the Pole Articke and not farr from that Climate which is under the very rising of the North-East Wind and about that Famous Cave or hole out of which that Wind is said to Issue which place they call Ges-clithron that is the Cloisture or Key of the Earth These maintaine Warr ordinarily about the Metall Mines of Gold especially with Griffons a kind of wild beasts that fly and use to fetch gold out of the Veines of those Mines as commonly it is received which Savage Beasts as many Authors have re-corded as namely Herodotus and Aristeas the Proconnesian two writers of greatest name strive as eagerlie to keep and hold those golden mines as the Arimaspians to disseise them thereof Step. Ritterus Grunburgensis Cosmograph prosometrica and to get away the Gold from them Ritterus saith they obtained the name of Arimaspi from their defective singlenesse of Eye for Ari with the Scythians signifies one Maspos an Eye according to Herodotus cited by Caelius Rhodiginus lib. 16. cap. 22. Nationall properties Isidor lib. 11.3 Arima signifies one and Spu an Eye Isidor likewise affirmes that the Cyclops are Monocular Indians Sr. John Mandevill Sr. Iohn Mandevils Travels cap. 62. whose relations since the late discoveries of the new World are held very credible reports that in an Isle under the government of the King of Dodyn are Men that have but one Eye and that is in the midst of their Front And although the wonders related of Polyphemus in Virgil Servius Com. in Virgil Aeneid lib. 3. as Servius his Commentator conceives are but Poeticall fictions yet it is no Fable that there are Men Monocular Seeing that when Fulvius Torquatus was Consul against the Volscians there was brought out of Mauritania to Rome such a single-Ey'd Man intercepted in the vast deserts of Aegypt who was carried through the City to be looked upon as a wonder whereupon there happened a thing memorable For Macrina the Wife of Torquatus Narravit M. Aurelius Faustinae llxoris familiaribus Colloquiis quae habentur apud Mundognetum in ejus vitae lib. 2. cap. 22. a Woman of singular chastitie during the absence of her Husband no where presented her self to be seen or went out of dores Now when this Monocular was carried about he was by chance brought before the doores of Macrina her Maid relating the passing wonder invites her Mistris to behold it shee although desirous to see this one-Ey'd Monster had rather die through curiosity of Minde then shew her selfe at her doore In the Island Taprobana Lycost Append Chron. prodig there are Humane Creatures who among other praevarications from the lawfull forme have one onely Eye in their Forehead Aug. de civit lib. 6. cap 8. Neither is it incredible that a one Ey'd Nation may be found and that even in the judgment of St. Augustine nay he affirmes in expresse words Nations without Eyes that he saw such a Nation with his owne Eyes Sermo 37. ad Fratres in Eremo I was now saith he Bishop of Hippo and I travelled with certaine servants of Christ unto Aethiopia to Preach the Holy Gospell of Christ unto them and we saw in the lower parts of Aethiopia Men having onely on Eye in their Foreheads Fulgosus lib. 1. de Miraculis c. And the same reason may
full of Devils How many monsters from the beginning of the world had the Devils brought forth to us What prodigies had they produced by conveying every where their seed into the wombs of women For it is the saying of Philosophers As often as a faculty and will concur to the same thing the effect is necessarily produced and is wont to appeare That Devils cannot generate upon women But there was never wanting a will to Devils of disturbing mankind and the order of this world for the Devill is as they say our Enemy from the beginning and as God is the Author of order and beauty so the Divell adverse to God is of confusion and turpitude Therefore if to this evill mind and disposition if to the most full will of this wickednesse and envy a like power had accrewed who can doubt but the utter confusion of all things and speciesses the greatest deformity had invaded the compt and beautified neatnesse and honesty of Nature with monsters every where arising And you should long since have heard of men miserably transformed into Diabolicall Changelings blessed therefore be the Creator of man who hath secured his beloved Creature from the malice and unappeasable rage of such an Enemy and Deformer As Chrysostome Nazianzen Hierom Theodoret Cyrill and of the modernes Philippus Broideus Cardanus Baptista Porta and Remigius For what a repugnancy would it be as one saith both to Religion and nature if the Devils could get men when we are taught to beleeve that not ever any was begotten without humane seed except the Son of God The Devill then being a spirit having no corporall substance but in appearance and therefore no seed of Generation to say that he can use the act of generation effectually is to affirme that he can make something of nothing and consequently the Devill to be God for Creation solely belongs to God alone Againe if the Devill could assume to him a dead body That Monsters may be made by the Art of Naturall Magique and enliven the faculties of it and make it able to generate as some affirme he can yet this body must beare the image of the Devill and it is against Gods glory to give permission so far unto him as out of the Image of God to raise up his own off-spring In the schoole of Nature we are taught the contrary viz. that like begets like wherefore of a Devill man cannot be borne Yet it is not denied but that Devils transforming themselves into humane shapes may abuse both men and women and with wicked people use the workes of nature Yet that any such conjunction can bring forth a humane Creature is contrary to Nature and Religion But although by a naturall way of generation the Devill cannot propagate the wicked as well as he can spiritually promote and encrease wickednesse and monsters yet monsters may be produced by Art magique and Creatures made double membred or dismembred and the viler the Creature the sooner brought to monstrous deformity which in more noble Creatures is more hardly brought to passe and consequently most difficult to be imposed on man the noblest Creature yet I believe the Devill hath attempted and furthered the production of such reall monstrosities as for the conclusions and wonderfull experiments of naturall Magique which are done only in appearance Vide Jo. Bapt. Neopolitan Mag. Nat. Scot in his discovery of Witchcraft l. 13 c. 18. they are very many To set an Horses or Asses head on a mans neck and shoulders cut off the head of a horse or an Asse before they be dead otherwise the virtue or strength thereof will be lesse effectuall and make an earthen vessell of fit capacity to containe the same Why the Amazons did lame their Male children and let it be filled with the oyle and fat thereof cover it close and daube it over with lome let it boile over a soft fire three daies continually that the flesh boyled may run into oyle so as the bare bones may be seen beat the haire into powder and mingle the same with the oyle and annoint the heads of the standers by and they shall seeme to have horses or asses heads If beasts heads be annointed with the like oyle made of a mans head they shall seeme to have mens faces as divers Authors soberly affirme If a Lamp be annointed therewith every thing shall seeme most monstrous It is also written that if that which is called Sperma in any beast be burned and any bodies face therewithall annointed he shall seeme to have the like face as the beast had But if you beat Arsenick very fine and boile it with a little Sulphur in a covered pot and kindle it with a new candle the standers by will seeme to be headlesse Aqua Composita and salt being fired in the night and all other lights extinguished make the standers by seeme as dead They therefore who upon this Question whether Devils can generate defend the Negative are most to be credited The Amazons were wont to lame their Children and to abuse them to carnall copulation supposing to have made them more fit for that imployment by mutilation It is true that they had an intent withall in that feminine Common-wealth of theirs to avoid the Domination of men to lame them thus in their Infancy both in their armes legs and other limbs An Art pretending to new-make a man that might any way advantage their strength over them and made only that use of them that we in our world make of women Some have taken upon them an Art which pretends to new make a man decayed by age their way is to cut a man in peeces and then put him into a putrifactory vessell which they report the Marquesse of Villena resolved to practise upon himselfe But Campanella dares not trust so great a worke to an Artificiall vessell and to spirits gotten by putrifaction and indeed saith he in men thus slaine the order of things seeme to stand against it not enduring a regress from a privation to a habit and the fable of the re-creation of old Father Jason in Ovid is as vaine Yet although Art failes in performance Nature as saith the Refuter of vulgar Errours works wonders in this kind making old men to become young againe there being many examples of this Renovation Delrio disq mag l. 2. Delrio sheweth out of Torquenda that in the yeare 1511 an old man at Tarentum of an hundred yeares old having lost his strength haire nailes and colour of his skin recovered all againe and became so young and lusty that he lived fifty yeares after Another example he brings of a Castilian who suffered the same change and of an old Abbatesse in Valentia who being decrepid suddenly became young her rugged skin grew smooth her gray haires became black and new teeth in her head Maffaeus hist Ind. lib. 1. Maffaeus speakes of a certaine Indian Prince who lived 340 yeares in which
space his youth was three times renewed Ambrose Parry speakes of a woman Mans Metamorphosis Ambr. Parry lib. 24.17 Lang. Epist med 79. Petr. Mart. Decad. 11. l. 10. Gaudent Merrula lib. 1 memorab who being eighty yeares old lost her haire and teeth which grew againe Besides Cardan Langius speakes of a well in an Island called Bonica the waters of which being dranke changes Age into Youth Concerning the Metamorphosis of man transmigrating into the shape of Wolves Asses or other Creatures many hold it not impossible and that it may happen by a naturall reason infinite authorities and examples are brought to confirme these kinds of Transmutations As for the Transformation of Apuleius St Augustine dares neither deny it nor affirme it he thinks and judgeth it indeed to be a fascination which Lycanthopie is not against the Tenents of Divines who for the most part teach that all things were created of God insomuch that not the evill spirits indeed can change their forme since not the essentiall forme of man that is reason but the figure only is changed for if we will confesse that men have a a faculty to make a Cherry-tree bring forth Roses and a Colewort Apples if he can turne Iron into Steele Silver into Gold and can make a thousand artificiall formes of stones that shall vie lustre and beauty with naturall Gems Shall it seeme wonderfull that Satan to whom God hath granted a very great power in the elementary world should commute or change the figure of one body with another All which things are confirmed by Aquinas where he saies Aquin. Sentent l. 2. dist 7. art 5. All good and evill Angels out of a naturall virtue have a power of Transmuting our bodies As for those things that Magicians do for fascination they are but momentany Whether men can be transformed into beasts but the Transformation of man into a bruit Animal doth sometimes last seven yeares as Nebuchadnezars did to which Bodinus addes the actions and labour of an Asse which three men cannot undergo the magnitude incesse eating of grasse and thistles which cannot agree with the humane body moreover the swiftnesse and other properties of Wolves which agree not with the nature of man Neither hath that any shew of truth saith Bodin which some bring that God hath not given this power to Satan for the Counsell of God cannot be comprehended by men neither can the power given to the Devill be known since in the book of Iob it is said There is not any power in earth that can withstand him But as concerning these Transmutations Creations re-creations transformations and transubstantiations of men into beasts One saies they might put us in doubt that every Asse Wolfe or Cat that we see were a man a woman or child and he marvels that no man useth this distinction in the definition of a man whereas the truth is none can create any thing but God and the Canons and opinions of Divines who hold this position are to be embraced The very words of the Canons are Whosoever beleeveth that any Creature can be made or changed into better or worse or transformed into any other shape or into any other similitude by any other than by God himselfe the Creator of all things without all doubt is an Infidell and worse than a Pagan and therewithall this reason is rendred to wit because they attribute that to a Creature which only belongeth to God the Creator of all things Whether Witches have power to transubstantiate others As for that distinction that the Devill cannot alter the forme of man Non essentialis forma id est ratio sed figura solum permutatur The essentiall forme to wit reason is not changed but the shape or figure Thereby it is proved easie enough to create men or beasts with life so as they remaine without reason howbeit he thinketh an easier matter to turne a mans reason into the reason of an Asse than his body into the shape of a sheep and if the Devill and Witches should have power to transforme or transubstantiate others yet what an easie matter it is to re-substantiate an Asse into a man For Bodin saith upon the word of Apuleius that if the Asse eate new roses annise or bay-leaves out of spring-water it will presently returne him into a man which thing Sprenger saith may be done by washing the Asse in faire water yea he sheweth an instance where by drinking of water an Asse was returned into a man But others declare that no Creature can be made or transmuted into a better or worse or transformed into another species or similitude by man or devill And Saint Augustine believes that the body of man cannot any way by the Art or power of Devils be truly and really converted into the members and lineaments of a beast but only the phantasticall appearance of a man and Martinus Delrio the Jesuit accounts this degeneration of Man into a Beast to be an illusion deceptive and repugnant to Nature for the soule of man cannot informe a beasts body as a soule of a Lion cannot the body of a Horse That the soule of a man cannot informe a beasts body nor the soule of a Horse a humane body because every substantiall forme as it gives suum esse informando requires peculiar properties and dispositions convenient unto it and a proper organization of body therefore the soule is defined to be an act of an organicall body whence it is that a Beasts soule can neither inform a humane body nor a humane a beasts Therefore the soule of man cannot migrate into the body of a beast to informe it As for that which is alleadged that such who are wounded in these bodies when they are restored they find themselves to be wounded in the humane body Bodin grants that this is sometimes done and may be done and Satan may at the same time inflict a wound upon the humane body and sometimes he compasseth about the humane body with a more aeriall effigies of a beast placing about members to members as the similitude requires accommodating head to head mouth to mouth belly to belly foot to foot armes to armes c. And here a fit opportunity offers it selfe with Kornmannus to put the Question Whether Nebuchadnezar was substantially transformed into a beast Nicol. Remig. in Daemonol Remigius thinkes he was reduced to the lowest order of Animals for his affecting divine honour yet that he never was deprived of the habit of his Face and Countenance but that only for some yeares using the same pasture and harbour with them through the injury of heaven he contracted such haires and nailes as Nature is wont to cover and arme bruits withall Martin Delrio is of opinion that even the humane figure did in some part degenerate into a ferine Transubstantiation denied And Bodin a man of great judgement thinkes Joan. Bodinus that the humane forme was in very deed
and they accounted more honorable that have them 146 147 The deformity introduced by the artificiall great Eares 157 The use of the lobe or lower lappet of the Eare. 156 Where the wider the holes are the more noble they esteem themselves to be 146 The prodigious widenesse of their Eare-holes measured ibid. Nations with their Eares bored full of holes 149 Where long Eares are held such a note of Gallantry that they call them Apes that have not their Eares long 145 Where their Gallantry is to weare pegs of wood slender like knitting needles a finger long and make them looke like hedge-hoggs 149 Large Ear'd shee-Gallants 148 Prodigious kind of Earings and Pendants worne by most Nations 148 150 151 152 153 What beauty it was that Nature invented in the outward Ear. 155 Men with Asses Eares 159 Where People have the nether part of their Eares cut into a round circle hanging downe very low upon their Cheeks 151 152 Why man had lesse Eares assigned him then other Animals 157 The naturall proportion symetry and beauty of the Eare. ibid. and 155 The prodigious vanity of Earrings noted and exploded 154 155 The use of the outward Eare. 156 That this horrid affectation of great Eares in this pack of large Ear'd hell-hounds savours of more then the ordinary vanity incident to mankinde 157 Where they affect to have a small Eare standing close to their Head 158 What artifice and industry Nurses use to forme Infants Eares unto their minde ibid. The inconveniences of little Ears and the vanity of man in this suppâ—sed beauty and the dammage proceeds hence to the action of the Eare. 158 159 Monsters with very large double and round Eares 160 Nations the holes of whose Ears are much wider then ours ibid. Nations who have no Eares at all and yet heare most exactly ibid. Infants borne without Eares ibid. The sad condition of those who are deprived of the outward Eare. 160 161 Eyes NAtions with one Eye planted in their forehead 101 102 103 104 A Monocular childe born 104 Why man hath naturally two Eyes 101 Children borne without Eyes 104 Nations without Eyes ibid. 240 Men with foure Eyes 105 Men that have Eyes in their Shoulders ibid. 240 A man with two Eyes in the hinder part of his head ibid. An Infant born with Eyes seated in the shoulders ibid. An Infant borne which had his Eyes in his breast ibid. Sundry kindes of Eyes peculiar to many Nations 105 106 108 109 110 111 Red circles painted about the Eyes among other notes of fearfull bravery 106 Where they make one Eye white and the other red and yellow ibid. Three streeks under the Eye where a note of distinction of People ibid. Where the women have blew stroaks about their Eyes ibid. Where they have certaine marks between their Eyes made only for a bravery with a cold Iron 107 Where they put between their Eye-lids and their Eye a certaine black pâ—wder the better to set out the whitenesse of the Eye 107 Where they judge those most beautifull that have great rolling Eyes 109 Where the greatest Eyes like sawcers of hue blacke are accounted the most beautifull and excellent ibid. Narrow Eyes where so esteemed a nationall beauty that when they would portraict out a deformed man they paint him with broad Eyes 108 The naturall magnitude of an Eye proportionable to that Face wherein it is lodged what it ought to be 109 That Eyes which exceed the natural mediocrity being lesse or greater then this measure caÌ„not be really beautifull in a naturall acceptation 110 Man onely hath his Eyes enamel'd round with divers colours 111 Whence this diversity proceeds ibid. That since Nations are much mingled we know not what rareness to chuse for the beauty of the Eyes for many love one colour and some another ibid. Eye-brows VVHere the Women tye up their Foreheads so strict with fillets that they cannot move their Eye-brows 86 How the Eye-brows are hindred hereby in their most significant operations ibid. Beetle Brows in fashion 87 Where they pull out and eradicate all the haires of their Eyebrows ibid. What inconveniences this despightfull prevarication brings upon them who thus wilfully deprive themselves of these Ornaments of the Face 88 The naturall use of the Eye-brows asserted ibid. Divers waies of correcting and painting the Eye-brows practised by divers Nations 89 90 91 That this Geometry exercised in the Eye-brows is not allowable 92 That blacking them when Nature hath produced them of another colour is destructive to the knowledge of complexions and prejudiciall to the cautionary art of Physiognomy ibid. Triangular and high arched Eye-brows 91 Eye-lids VVHere they turn their Eye-lids backward toward the forehead 93 What dammage is infer'd to the important operations of the Eye and what intended benefits of Nature are frustrated by this device 94 95 The use of the Eyelids 95 Nations whose Eyes are very much covered with their Eyelids 96 Eye-lid painters 99 Where they eradicate the haire growing on their Eyelids 96 The inconveniences following upon this unnaturall depilation 96 97 98 The uses of the haire on the Eye-lids vindicated 97 Where they colour the haire of their Eyelids and whether if they did it to a naturall end it were more excusable 99 100 An example of one who having gray eyes and somewhat white hairs on his Eye-lids as often as he black'd them with Ink he saw better 100 That all endeavour to advance the Eye above it's naturall perfection and beauty is vain 99 100 F Face A Smoth plaine broad or platter Face where in request 239 What artificiall violence they use to their Infants to procure this figure ibid. Other Nations with broad flat Faces 240 Men having plaine flat Faces without Nose Eyes or lips ibid. That these artificiall Faces cannot be commensurate 240 Platter Faces condemned 241 The true Symetry of the Face vindicated against this artificiall perversnesse of these Face-moulders 240 That the eminency and extant Majestie of the Face is hereby perverted and destroyed 240 A long thin face where affected 13 242 What Artifice they use to extend their Faces to that long ovall figure ibid. Square Faces where affected 14 242 243 That the formall appearance of the Face is generically reposed in the chin alone as that which makes the finall judgement of the face of man 244 The absolute perfection of a womans Face 132 The naturall and comely Face of man agreeable to proportion and according to humane nature 243 244 Men with Dogs Faces 17 244 245 246 The artifice these Cynoprosopi use to mould their Faces to this concave figure 246 This invention condemned 246 247 Where they cut streaks and make holes in their Faces in way of gallantry 247 248 249 250. 251 The cruell gallantry of the Turks 248 Stigmatizers of the Face 250 251 Where a torne and bloody Face is the Womans beauty 250 Where they pounce and race their Faces putting indeleable colours therein 250 252 Nation Painters