the calamities of his countrie only to accuse the ATHENIANS and to make them odious to the world Pericles hauing woÌ„ne the cittie of SAMOS he returned againe to ATHENS where he dyd honorably burie the bones of his slaine citizens in this warre and him self according to their manner custome made the funerall orations for the which he was maruelously esteemed In suche sorte that after he came downe from the pulpit where he made his oration the ladies gentlewomen of the cittie came to salute him brought him garlaÌ„ds to put vpon his head as they doe to noble coÌ„querers when they returne from games where they haue wonne the price But Elpinieé coming to him sayed Surely Pericles thy good seruice done deserueth garlands of triumphe for thou hast lost vs many a good and valliant citizen not fighting with the MEDES the PHOENICIANS and with the barbarous people as my brother Cimon dyd but for destroying a cittie of our owne nation and â—ynâ—ed Pericles to these wordes softely aunswered Elpinice with Archilocus verse smyling VVhen thou art olde painte not thy selfe But Ion writeth that he greatly gloried and stoode muche in his owne conceipt after he had subdued the SAMIANS saying Agamemnon was tenne yeres taking of a cittie of the barbarous people and he in nine moneths only had wonne the strongest cittie of the whole nation of IONIA In deede he had good cause to glorie in his victorie for truely if Thucydides reporte be true his conquest was no lesse doubtfull then he founde it daungerous For the SAMIANS had almost bene lordes of the sea and taken the seigniorie thereof from the ATHENIANS After this the warres of PELOPONNESVS being whotte againe the CORINTHIANS inuading thilanders of CORPHV Pericles dyd persuade the ATHENIANS to send ayde vnto the CORPHIANS and to ioyne in league with that Iland which was of great power by sea saying that the PELOPONNESIANS before it were long would haue warre with them The ATHENIANS consented to his motion to ayde those of CORPHV Whereupon they sent thither Lacedaemonius Cimons sonne with tenne gallyes only for a mockery for all Cimons familie and friendes were wholy at the LACEDAEMONIANS deuotion Therefore dyd Pericles cause Lacedaemonius to haue so fewe shippes deliuered him and further sent him thither against his will to the ende that if he dyd no notable exploite in this seruice that they might then the more iustly suspect his goodwill to the LACEDAEMONIANS Moreouer whilest he liued he dyd euer what he could to keepe Cimons children backe from rysing bicause that by their names they were no naturall borne ATHENIANS but straungers For the one was called Lacedaemonius the other Thessalus and the third Elius and the mother to all them three was an ARCADIAN woman borne But Pericles being blamed for that he sent but renne gallyes only which was but a sleÌ„der ayde for those that had requested them and a great matter to them that spake ill of him he sent thither afterwardes a great number of other gallyes which came when the battell was fought But the CORINTHIANS were maruelous angrie and went complained to the counsell of the LACEDAEMONIANS where they layed open many grieuous complaints and accusations against the ATHENIANS and so dyd the MEGARIANS also alledging that the ATHENIANS had forbidden them their hauens their staples and all trafficke of marchaundise in the territories vnder their obedience which was directly against the common lawes and articles of peace agreed vpon by othe among all the GRECIANS Moreouer the AEGINETES finding them selues very ill and cruelly handled dyd send secretly to make their moue complaintes to the LACEDAEMONIANS being afeard openly to complaine of the ATHENIANS While these things were a doing the cittie of POTIDAEA subiect at that time vnto the ATHENIANS and was built in olde time by the CORINTHIANS dyd rebell and was besieged by the ATHENIANS which dyd hasten on the warres Notwithstanding this ambassadours were first sent vnto ATHENS vpon these complaints Archidamus king of the LACEDAEMONIANS dyd all that he could to pacifie the most parte of these quarrells and complaints intreating their friendes and allies So as the ATHENIANS had had no warres at all for any other matters wherewith they were burdened if they would haue graunted to haue reuoked the decree they had made against the MEGARIANS Whereupon Pericles that aboue all other stood most against the reuocation of that decree that dyd sturre vp the people made theÌ„ to stand to that they had once decreed ordered against the MEGARIANS was thought the only original cause author of the PELOPONNESIAN warres For it is sayed that the LACEDAEMONIANS sent ambassadours vnto ATHENS for that matter only And when Pericles alledged a lawe that dyd forbid them to take away the table whereupon before time had bene written any coÌ„mon law or edict Polyarces one of the LACEDAEMON Ambassadours sayed vnto him Well said he take it not awaye then but turne the table onely your lawe I am suer forbiddeth not that This was pleasauntly spoken of the ambassadour but Pericles could neuer be brought to it for all that And therefore it seemeth he had some secret occasion of grudge against the MEGARIANS yet as one that would finely conuey it vnder the coÌ„moÌ„ cause cloke he tooke froÌ„ them the holy laÌ„ds they were breaking vp For to bring this to passe he made an order that they should send an herauld to summone the MEGARIANS to let the land alone that the same herauld should goe also vnto the LACEDAEMONIANS to accuse the MEGARIANS vnto theÌ„ It is true that this ordinance was made by Pericles meanes as also it was most iust reasonable but it fortuned so that the messenger they sent thither dyed and not without suspition that the MEGARIANS made him awaye Wherefore Charinus made a lawe presently against the MEGARIANS that they should be proclaimed mortall enemies to the ATHENIANS for euer without any hope of after reconciliation And also if any MEGARIAN should once put his foote within the territories of ATTICA that he should suffer the paynes of death And moreouer that their captaines taking yerely their ordinary othe should sweare among other articles that twise in the yere they should goe with their power and destroy some parte of the MEGARIANS lande And lastly that the heraulde Anthemocritus should be buried by the place called then the gates Thriasienes and nowe called Dipylon But the MEGARIANS stowtely denying that they were any cause of the death of this Anthemocritus dyd altogether burden Aspasia and Pericles with the same alledging for proofe thereof Aristophanes verses the Poet in his comedie he intituled the Acharnes which are so common as euery boye hath them at his tongues ende The young men of our lande to dronken bybbing bent ranne out one daye vnrulily and tovvards Megara vvent From vvhence in their outrage by force they tooke avvaye Simatha noble curtisan as she dyd sporte and
stale away secretly disguised in a threde bare cloke a hoode on his head to kepe him from knowledge Pyrrus foorth with seased vppon his campe tooke all that he founde and was presently proclaimed in the fielde king of MACEDON Lysimachus on thother side came straight thither after him and sayed that he had holpen to chase Demetrius out of his realme and therefore claimed halfe the kingdome with him Wherefore Pyrrus not trustinge the MACEDONIANS to farre as yet but rather standing in doubt of their faith graunted Lysimachus his desire and thereupon deuided all the cities and prouinces of the realme of MACEDON betwene them This particion was profitable for them both at that present and stoode then to good purpose to pacifie the warre that otherwise might sodainely haue risen betwene them But shortly after they found that this particion was no end of their enmity but rather a beginning of quarrell and dissention betwene them For they whose auarice and insatiable greedy appetite neither the sea the mountaines nor the vnhabitable desertes coulde containe nor yet the confynes that separate ASIA from EVROPE determine howe should they be content with their owne without vsurping others when their fronters ioyne so neere together that nothing deuides them Sure it is not possible For to say truely they are willingly together by the eares hauing these two cursed thinges rooted in them that they continually seeke occasion how to surprise eche other and either of them enuies his neighbours well doing Howbeit in apparaunce they vse these two tearmes of peace and warres as they doe money vsinge it as they thinke good not accordinge to right and iustice but for their priuate profit And truely they are men of farre greater honesty that make open warre and auow it then those that disguise and colour the delay of their wicked purpose by the holy name of iustice or frendship Which Pyrrus did truely then verifie For desiring to kepe Demetrius downe from rising an other time and that he should not reuiue againe as escaped from a long daungerous disease he went to aide the GREECIANS against him and was at ATHENS where they suffered him to come into the castell and doe sacrifice there vnto the goddesse Minerua But comming out of the castle againe the same day he tolde the ATHENIANS he was greatly beholdinge vnto them for their curtesie and the great trust they had reposed in him wherefore to require them againe he gaue them counsell neuer to suffer prince nor king from thenceforth to enter into their city if they were wise nor once open their gates vnto them So after that he made peace with Demetrius who within shorte time beinge gone to make warres in ASIA Pyrrus yet once againe perswaded thereunto by Lysimachus caused all THESSALIE to rise against him went him selfe to set vpon those garrisons which Demetrius had left in the cities of GREECE liking better to continue the MACEDONIANS in warre then to leaue them in peace besides that him selfe also was of such a nature as could not long continue in peace Demetrius thus in the ende being vtterly ouerthrowen in SYRIA Lysimachus seeing him selfe free from feare on that side and being at good leasure as hauing nothing to trouble him otherwayes went straight to make warre apon Pyrrus who then remained neere vnto the city of EDESSA meeting by the way with the conuoy of vittells comming towards him set vpon the conducters and rifled them wholly By this meanes first he distressed Pyrrus for want of vittels then he corrupted the princes of MACEDON with letters messengers declaring vnto thē what shame they susteined to haue made a straunger their king whose auncesters had euer bene their vassalls subiectes and to haue turned all those out of MACEDON that had bene familiar frendes of king Alexander the great Many of the MACEDONIANS were wonne by these perswasions which fact so feared Pyrrus that he departed out of MACEDON with his men of warre the EPIROTES and other his confederates and so lost MACEDON by the selfe same meanes he wanne it Kinges and princes therefore must not blame priuate men though they chaunge and alter sometime for their profit for therein they do but follow the example of princes who teache them all disloyalty treason and infidelity iudging him most worthy of gaine that least obserueth iustice and equity So Pyrrus being come home againe to his kingdome of EPIRVS forsakinge MACEDON altogether fortune made him happy enough and in deede he had good meanes to liue peaceably at home without any trouble if he could haue contented him selfe only with the souerainty ouer his owne naturall subiectes But thinking that if he did neither hurt other nor that other did hurt him he could not tell how to spend his time and by peace he should pyne away for sorow as Homer sayd of Achilles He languished and pynde by taking ease and rest And in the vvarres vvhere trauaile vvas he liked euer best And thus seeking matter of newe trouble fortune presented him this occasion About this time the ROMAINES by chaunce made warre with the TARENTINES who could nether beare their force nor yet deuise how to pacifie the same by reason of the rashnesse folly and wickednes of their gouernors who perswaded them to make Pyrrus their Generall and to sende for him for to conduct these warres bicause he was lesse troubled at that time then any of the other kinges about them and was esteemed of euery man also to be a noble souldier and famous Captaine The elders and wise men of the city vtterly misliked that counsell but some of them were put to silence through the noyse and fury of the people who cried for warres Some other seeing them checked and taken vp by the multitude in this manner woulde no more repayre to their common assemblies Among the rest there was one Meton an honest worshipfull citizen who when the day was come that the people shoulde conclude in counsel the decree for the calling in of Pyrrus all the people of TARENTVM being assembled set in the Theater this Meton put an olde withered garlande of flowers vpon his head and carying a torch in his hande as though he had bene dronke and hauing a woman minstrell before him playing on a pype went daunsinge in this goodly aray through the middest of the whole assembly And there as it happeneth commonly in euery hurly burly of people that will be masters them selues and where no good order is kept some of them clapped their handes other burst out in a laughter and euery man suffered him to doe what he lust but they all cried out to the woman minstrell to play on and spare not and to Meton him selfe that he should sing and come forward So Meton made shewe as though he prepared him selfe vnto it and when they had geuen silence to heare him sing he spake vnto them with a lowd voice in this manner My
with the motion aunswered him presently Munatius goe thy way vnto Pompey againe and tell him that Cato is not to be wonne by women though otherwise I mislike not of his friendship and withall that so long as he shall deale vprightly in all causes none otherwise that he shall find him more assuredly his friend then by any alliance of mariage yet that so satisfie Pompeys pleasure and will against his contry he wil neuer giue him such pledges The women and his friends at that time were angry with his aunswer refusall saying it was too stately and vncurteous But afterwardes in chaunced that Pompey suing to haue one of his friendes made Consul he sent a great summe of money to brybe the voyces of the people which liberalitie was noted spoken of bicause the money was told in Pompeys owne garden Then did Cato tell the women of his house that if he had now bene bound by allyance of mariage vnto Pompey he should then haue bene driuen to haue bene partaker of Pompeys shamefull acts When they heard what he had told them they all confessed then that he was wiser to refuse such alliance then they were that wished and desired it And yet if men should iudge of wisedom by the successe and euent of things I must needes say that Cato was in great fault for refusing of this allyance For thereby he was the cause of Pompeys matching with Caesar who ioyning both their powers together was the whole destruction of the Empire of ROME Whereas peraduenture it had not fallen out so if Cato fearing Pompeys light faultes had not caused him by increasing his power with another to commit farre greater faultes Howbeit those thinges were yet to come Furthermore Pompey being at iarre with Lucullus touching certain ordinances which he had made in the Realme of PONTVS bicause both the one and the other would haue their ordinances to take place Cato fauoured Lucullus who had open wronge Pompey therefore seeing that he was the weaker in the Senate tooke parte with the people and put forthe the lawe for diuiding of the landes amongest the souldiers But Cato stowtly resisting that lawe agayne he put it by and made Pompey thereby in a rage to acquaynte him selfe with Publius Clodius the moste seditious and boldest person of all the Tribunes and besides that made allyance euen at that tyme with Caesar whereof Cato him selfe was the onely Author Caesar returning out of SPAYNE from his Praetorshippe requyred the honour of tryumphe and withall made sute to bee Consull But beeing a lawe to the contrary that they that sued to bee Consulls shoulde bee present them selues in the citie and suche also as desired honour of triumphe shoulde bee without the citie he earnestly required the Senate that he myght sue for the Consulshippe by his friendes The moste parte of the Senate were willing vnto it but Cato was flatly agaynst it He perceyuing that the other Senatours were willing to gratifie Caesar when it came to him to deliuer his opinion he spent all the whole daye in his oration and by this pollicie preuented the Senate that they coulde not conclude any thinge Then Caesar letting fall his tryumphe made sute to be Consull and entring the citie ioyned friendshippe with Pompey Hereuppon he was chosen Consull and immediatly after maryed his Daughter Iulia vnto Pompey and so hauing made in manner a conspyracie agaynst the common wealth betweene them selues Caesar preferred the lawe Agraria for distributing the landes vnto the Citizens and Pompey was present to mainteyne the publicacion thereof Lucullus and Cicero on thother side taking parte with Bibulus the other Consull did what they coulde agaynst it but specially Cato who fearing muche this allyance of Caesar and Pompey that it was a pacte and conspirancie to ouerthrowe the common wealth sayde that he cared not so muche for this lawe Agraria as he feared the rewarde they looked for who by suche meanes dyd intise and please the common people Therewithall the Senate were wholly of his opinion and so were many other honest men of the people besides that were none of the Senate and tooke his parte maruailing muche and also beeing offended with Caesars greate vnreasonablenes and importunitie who by the authoritie of his Consulshippe did preferre suche thinges as the moste seditiousest Tribunes of the people were wont commonly to doe to currye fauour with the people and by suche vile meanes sought to make them at his commaundement Wherefore Caesar and his friends fearing so greate enemies fell to open force For to beginne withall as the Consul Bibulus was going to the market place there was a basket of donge powred vppon his heade and furthermore the Officers roddes were broken in their handes which they caryed before him In fine dartes were throwen at them out of euery corner and many of them beeing hurt they all at length were driuen to flye and leaue the market place But Cato he came laste of all keeping his wonted pace and often cast backe his heade and cursed such Citizens So they did not onely passe this lawe Agraria by voyces of the people but furthermore they added to it that all the Senate shoulde bee sworne to stablishe that lawe and bee bounde to defende the same if any attempted the alteracion thereof vppon greate penalties and fines to bee sette on his heade that shoulde refuse the othe All the other Senators sware agaynst their wills remembring the example of the mischiefe that chaunced vnto the olde Metellus who was banished out of ITALY bicause he would not sweare to suche a like lawe Whereuppon the women that were in Catoes house besought him with the teares in their eyes that he woulde yeelde and take the othe and so did also diuers of his friendes besides Howebeit he that moste inforced and brought Cato to sweare was Cicero the Orator who perswaded him that peraduenture he woulde bee thought vnreasonable that beeing but one man he shoulde seeme to mislike that which all other had thought meete and reasonable and that it were a fonde parte of him wilfully to put him selfe in so greate daunger thinking to hynder a matter already paste remedie But yet that besides all this a greater inconuenience would happen if he forsooke his contrye for whose sake he did all these thinges and left it a praye vnto them which sought the vtter subuersion of the same as if he were glad to bee ridde from the trouble of desending the common wealth For sayde he though Cato haue no neede of ROME yet ROME hath neede of Cato and so haue all his friendes of the which Cicero sayde he was the chiefe and was moste maliced of P. Clodius the Tribune who sought to driue him out of the contrye It is sayde that Cato beeing wonne by these like wordes and perswasions at home and openly in the market place they so sofetned him that he came to take his othe laste of all men but one
and their brethern They brought meate and drincke for them that would eate They dressed vp the woundes of those that were hurte They caried them home with them to their houses They shewed them howe they were mistresses there with their husbands They made them see howe greately they were accompted of and esteemed yea howe with a wedlocke loue and reputation they were honored So in the end peace was concluded betwene them wherein it was articled that the SABYNE women which would remaine with their husbands should tarye still and be exempted from all worke or seruice as aboue recited saue only spinning of wolle And that the SABYNES ROMAINES should dwell together in the cittie which should be called ROMA after Romulus name the inhabitants should be called Quirites after the name of the cittie of Tatius king of the SABYNES that they should reigne gouerne together by a comon consent The place where this peace was concluded is called yet to this daye Comitium bicause that Coire in the Latine tongue signifieth to assemble So the cittie being augmented by the one halfe they dyd choose of the SABYNES another hundred new PATRICIANS vnto the first hundred of the ROMAINES that were chosen before Then were the Legions made of sixe thousand footemen six hundred horsemen After they diuided their inhabitāts into three Tribes wherof those that came of Romulus were called Ramnenses after his name those that came of Tatius were called Tatienses after his name and those that were of the third stocke were called Lucerenses as from the Latine word Lucus called with vs a groue in English bicause thither great number of people of all sortes dyd gather which afterwards were made citizens of ROME The very worde of Tribus which signifieth bands wards or hundreds dothe witnesse this beginning of ROME from wards or hundreds For hereupon the ROMAINES call those at this daye their Tribunes which are the chiefe heades of the people But euery one of these principall wardes had afterwards ten other particular wards vnder them which some thincke were called after the names of the thirtie SABYNE women that were rauished but that semeth false bicause many of them cary the names of the places they came frō Howbeit at that time many things were stablished ordeined in honour of women as to geue them place the vpper hande in meeting them the vpper hand in streets to speake no fowle or dishonest word before them no man to vnraye himselfe or shew naked before them that they should not be called before criminall iudges sitting vpō homicides murderers that their children should weare about their necks a kind of a Iuell called Bulla facioned in māner like these water bubbles that rise vpō the water when it beginneth to raine that their gownes should be garded with purple Now the two Kings dyd not straight cōferre together so sone as any occasion of busines was offered them but either of them dyd first counsell alone with his hundred Senatours and afterwards they dyd all assemble together Tatius dwelt in the place where nowe is the temple of Iuno Moneta Romulus in the place called at this present the stayers of the fayer bācke then the descēt of mount Palatine as they goe to the showe place or great listes where they saye was somtime the holy cornell tree whereof they make so great accompt Romulus one daye desirous to proue his strength threwe as it is sayed a darte from mount Auentine toward mount Palatine The staffe whereof was of a cornell tree the Iron of it entred so deepe into the ground being a lustye farte soyle that no man could pul it out although many proued it and did the best they could The ground being very good and fit to bring forth trees did so nourishe the ende of this staffe that it tooke roote and beganne to spread braunches so that in time it became a fayer great cornell tree which the successours of Romulus dyd inclose with a walle dyd kepe and worshippe it as a very holy thing If by chaunce any went to see it and found it looked not freshe and grene but like a tree withered and dryed awaye for lacke of moysture he went awaye straight as one affrayed crying to all he met they with him went crying still in euery place water water as it had bene to haue quenched a fyre Then ranne they thither out of all quarters with vessels of water to water and moyste the tree In the time of Caius Caesar who caused the stayers about it to be repayred they saye the labourers raysing the place and digging about this cornell tree dyd by negligence hurte the rootes of the same in suche sorte as afterwardes it dryed vp altogether Nowe the SABYNES receyued the moneths after the manner of the Romaines whereof we haue written sufficiently in the life of Numa Romulus againe vsed the SABYNES sheldes and both he and his people chaunged the facion of their armour and weapons they vsed For the ROMAINES before dyd carye litle sheldes after the facion of the ARGIVES As for either of their holy dayes and sacrifices they kept them bothe together and dyd not take awaye any of them which either the one or the other people obserued before but they added thereunto some other newe As that which they call Matronalia which was instituted in honour of the women bicause by their meanes peace was cōcluded And that also of Carmentalia in the honour of Carmenta whom some suppose to be the goddesse of fate or destinie bicause she hathe rule power ouer the natiuities of men by reason whereof the mothers call vpon her often reuerence her very much Other saye she was the wise of Euander the Arcadian who being a prophetesse inspired by the god Phoebus gaue the oracles in verse wherupō she was surnamed Carmenta bicause that Carmina in Latine signifie verses for it is of certaintie that her proper name was Nicostrata Howbeit there are some which geue another manner of deriuation and interpretation of this worde Carmenta which is the liklier to be true as if they would saye Carens mente which signifieth wanting wit for the very furie that taketh them when they are inspired with the propheticall spirite For in Latine Carere betokeneth to lacke and Mens signifieth wit. As for the feast of Palilia we haue tolde of it before but the feast of Lupercalia considering the time of celebrating thereof it seemeth it is ordeined for a purification For it is celebrated on the vnfortunate dayes of the moneth of Februarie which are called the purging dayes The dayes in the olde time on which they did celebrate the same were called Februata But the proper name of the feast is as much to saye as the feast of woulues Wherefore it seemeth to be a feast of great antiquitie and instituted by the ARCADIANS which came in with Euāder albeit the name of
the election of the number of the three hundred Who departing home to his house mery and iocond as might be sayed It did him good to see there were three hundred founde better in the cittie than him selfe Pisistratidas also being sent ambassadour with certen other to the lieutenants of the king of PERSIA the PERSIAN lordes asked him if they came of their owne desire or whether they were sent from the whole state if we obtaine sayed he it is from the state if we be denied then we come of our selues And Argileonida the mother of Brasidas asked some that went to visite her after they were returned home to LACEDAEMON from their iorney to AMPHIPOLIS if her sonne died like a man and a worthy SPARTAN And they straight did commend him highely saying there was not left in all LACEDAEMON suche a valliant man She replied vnto them Saye not so my friends I praye you for Brasidas was in dede a valliant man but the country of LACONIA hath many moe yet vallianter than he was Now touching their Senate Lycurgus was the first that erected it among them The first that were thereof were Lycurgus chief ayders assisters of that erection as we haue declared before but afterwards he ordeined that when any of those first should happen to dye they should choose in his place the most honest reported man in the cittie so he were three score yere olde and aboue This was the noblest glorie that could be among men when a man bare the bell and prise not that he was swiftest among the swift nor strongest amongest the strong but that he among the honest was honestest He had the reward of his vertue as for libertie to speake soueraine authoritie to gouerne and princely power ouer the common weale the honour the life and the goodes of the whole cittizens howbeit the election was made after this sorte The people first assembled in the marketplace where there were some appointed and shut vp thereabout in a house from whēce they could neither see nor be seene of those that were assembled but onely they might heare the noyse which they made there For the people by their crye and showte did declare whom they did choose and whom they did refuse of the competitours as they vsed to shewe their liking by the like crye in other things The competitours were not brought in and presented all together but one after another in order as by lot did fall out He on whom the lot fell passed through the middest of the assemblie of the people and sayed neuer a worde The people straight that liked made a crye or showte alowde The men appointed which were locked vp had bookes or tables in which they wrote and noted the greatnes of the crye and showte the people made as euery competitour passed by not knowing nor seing who he was These hidden men did onely set downe in their bookes the first the second the thirde and so many more as by showtes and cryes they perceyued dyd passe thus through the assemblie They noted also in their said bookes which of these had the greatest crye and showte of people at their passing thorough and him they came and declared to be Senatour chosen Then he wearing a garland of flowers on his head went to all the temples of the goddes in the cittie to geue thankes hauing a great traine of young men following and praysing of his vertues There went also with him a maruelous company of women singing songes of his prayse and howe blessed he was that he had liued so vertuously Then euery one of his kinne prepared a bancket for him at home at their houses and as he entred the house they sayed vnto him The cittie honoreth thee vvith this bancket That done he repayred afterwards to the ordinarie place of their eating where he dyd in all things as he was accustomed sauing he was serued nowe at his table with a double allowance whereof he reserued the one After supper all his kinsewomen stoode in the entrie of the hall where they had eaten so he called her whom he loued best and gaue her his allowaunce he had saued and sayed to her This was geuen me in token I was this daye rewarded for my vertue and euen so I geue it thee for a like token of rewarde for thy vertue Then was she brought home by all the women there to her house euen in like sorte as he was by the men Touching burialles Lycurgus made a wise order For first of all to cut of all superstition of burying places he commaunded they should burie their dead within the cittie that their graues should be round about their temples that young persones might haue them allwayes in their eyes not be affrayed to see a deadbodye as if to touche a corse or to passe by their graues it should defile a man Then did he forbid them to burie any thing with the corse and willed they should only lappe it vp in a redde clothe with oliue leaues It was not lawfull to graue the name of any dead bodye vpon his graue but only of suche a man as died in the warres or of some holy woman professed into their temples Furthermore the time appointed to mourne in was very shorte For it lasted not but a eleuen dayes and on the twelft daye they must doe sacrifice to Proserpina and so leaue of their mourning To conclude he left nothing idle or vnworking in his citizens for to all necessarie things which men can not lacke Lycurgus ioyned euer a certaine emulation of men As to desire vertue and to contemne vice and furnished his cittie with many good preceptes and examples emong which his cittizens being still borne and bred vp and hauing the same in euery place before their eyes where they went they came to passe in time to be framed after the very patterne and moulde of vertue it selfe For this cause he did not suffer any to trauell out of the countrie or to goe abroad as he would without speciall licence for feare least those which trauelled abroad for their pleasure should bring home straunge facions and manners and a corrupt disordered life which by litle and litle might get waye and bring an alteration and chaunge of the whole state Furthermore he kept out of SPARTA all straungers except those which had necessarie busines there or were come thither for some profit to the countrie not that he was affrayed they should learne some thing whereby to loue vertue or that they should desire to followe his facion and manner of gouernment as Thucydides was but rather fearing they should teache his citizens some naughty manners or some ill fauored vice For it must needes be that straungers bring euerstraunge and newe deuises with them which newe deuises bring with them also newe opinions and newe opinions beget newe affections and mindes that many times are repugnant to the lawe and to the forme of the
cittie of CVMA he perceyued that all the coastes by sea were layed for him to apprehende him and that he had many spyalls vpon him among the which these were two speciall noted men Ergoteles and one Pythodorus the reward being very great for men that sought their gayne any waye they could For the king of PERSIA had proclaymed by sound of trūpet two hundred talēts to him that brought him Themistocles Whereupon he fled vnto a litle towne of AEOLIA called AEGES where no liuing bodie knewe him but his host only called Nicogenes who was the richest man of all the AEOLIANS and knewe all the noble men of authoritie that were about the king of PERSIA Themistocles continued hidden certen dayes in his house in which time on a night after the feast of a sacrifice one Olbius schoolemaster to Nicogenes children by some secret working of the goddes sodainely fell besides him selfe and beganne to singe these verses out alowde Doe thou beleeue vvhat so the night tells and geue thy voyce thy counsell and conceipts Vnto the night in darcksomnes that dvvells thereon also thy victorie avvaits The next night following Themistocles being fast asleepe in his bed dreamed that a snake wounde it selfe round about his bellie and glided vpwardes to his necke vntill it touched his face and sodainely then it became an eagle and imbraced him with his winges and so at length dyd lifte him vp into the ayer and caried him a maruelous waye of vntill he thought he sawe a golden rodde suche as Herauldes vse to carie in their handes whereupon the eagle dyd set him and so was deliuered of all this feare and trouble he thought him selfe in The trothe was Nicogenes had this deuise in his heade howe he might bring him safe to the king of PERSIAES courte The Barbarous nations for the most parte and specially the PERSIANS are of a very straunge nature and maruelous iealous ouer their women and that not onely of their wiues but also of their bonde women and concubines which they keepe so straightly locked vp that no man euer seeth them abroade at any time but are allwayes like housedoues kept within doores And when they haue any occasion to goe into the country they are caried in close coches couered all about that no man can looke into them Themistocles was conueyed into one of these coches drest after this manner and had warned his men to aunswer those they met by the waye that asked whom they caried howe it was a young GRECIAN gentlewoman of the countrie of IONIA which they caried to the courte for a noble man there Thucydides and Charon Lampsacenian saye he went thither after the death of Xerxes and spake with his sonne there But Ephorus Dino Clitarchus Heraclides and many other write that he spake with him selfe Yet notwithstanding it appeareth that Thucydides wordes doe best agree with the chronicles tables recording the succession of times although they be of no great certaintie Themistocles being come nowe to the swordes pointe as it were and to the extremitie of his daunger dyd first present him selfe vnto one Artabanus Colonell of a thousand footemen and sayed vnto him Syr I am a GRECIAN borne and desire to speake with the King I haue matters of importance to open to his maiestie and such as I knowe he will thanckefully receyue Artabanus aunswered him in this manner My friend syr straunger the lawes and customes of men are diuers and some take one thing for honest others some another thing but it is most honestly for all men to keepe and obserue the lawes and manners of their owne countrie For you GRECIANS haue the name to loue libertie and equalitie aboue all things for vs amongest all the goodly lawes and customes we haue we esteeme this aboue the rest to reuerence and honour our King as the image of the god of nature who keepeth all things in their perfect life and state Wherefore if thou wilt facion thy selfe after our manner to honour the King thou mayest both see him and speake with him but if thou haue another minde with thee then must thou of necessitie vse some thirde persone for thy meane For this is the manner of our countrie the King neuer geueth audience to any man that hath not first honoured him Themistocles hearing what he sayed aunswered him againe My lord Artabanus the great good will I bear vnto the King and the desire I haue to aduaunce his glorie and power is the only cause of my present repaire vnto his courte therefore I meane not only to obey your lawes since it hath so pleased the goddes to rayse vp the noble empire of PERSIA vnto this greatnes but will cause many other people also to honour the King more then there doe at this present Therefore let there be no staye but that my selfe in persone maye deliuer to the King that I haue to saye vnto him Well sayed Artabanus whom then shall we saye thou arte For by thy speache it seemeth thou art a man of no meane state and condition Themistocles aunswered him as for that Artabanus none shall knowe before the King him selfe Thus doth Phanias reporte it But Eratosthenes in his booke he wrote of riches addeth further howe Themistocles had accesse vnto this Artabanus being recommended to the King by a woman of ERETRIA whom the King kept Themistocles being brought to his presence after he had presented his humble duety and reuerence to him stoode on his feete and sayed neuer a worde vntill the King commaūded the interpreter to aske him what he was and he aunswered Maye it please your maiestie ô noble King I am Themistocles the Athenian a banished man out of my country by the GRECIANS who humbly repayreth to your highnes knowing I haue done great hurt to the PERSIANS but I persuade my self I haue done them farre more good then harme For I it was that kept the GRECIANS backe they dyd not follow you whē the state of GRECE was deliuered from thraldome and my natiue country from daunger and that I knew I stoode then in good state to pleasure you Nowe for me I finde all mens good willes agreable to my present misery and calamitie for I come determined most humbly to thancke your highnes for any grace and fauour you shall shewe me also to craue humble pardone if your maiesty be yet offended with me And therfore licence me most noble King to beseche you that taking mine enemies the GRECIANS for witnesses of the pleasures I haue done the PERSIAN nation you will of your princely grace vse my harde fortune as a good occasion to shewe your honorable vertue rather then to satisfie the passion of your heate and choller For in sauing my life your maiestie saueth an humble suter that put him selfe to your mercie and in putting me to death you shall ryd away an enemy of the GRECIANS Hauing spoken thus these words he sayed further That the goddes
Conon fled and the other being not much lesse then two hundred in number were euery one of them taken and caried awaye with three thousand prisoners whom Lysander put to death Shortely after he tooke the cittie self of ATHENS and rased their long walles euen to the ground After this great and notable victorie Alcibiades fearing sore the LACEDAEMONIANS who then without let or interruption of any were only Lords and Princes by sea and by lande he went into the countrie of BITHYNIA and caused great good to be brought after him and tooke a maruelous sūme of money with him besides great riches he left also in the castells of THRACIA where he dyd remaine before Howbeit he lost much of his goodes in BITHYNIA which certaine THRACIANS dwelling in that countrie had robbed him of taken from him So he determined to repaire forthwith vnto king Artaxerxes hoping that when the King had once proued him he should finde him a man of no lesse seruice then he had found Themistocles before him besides that the occasion of his going thither should be muche iuster then his was For he dyd not goe thither to make warre against the cittie of ATHENS and his countrie as Themistocles did but of a cōtrarie intent to make intercession to the King that it would please him to ayde them Now Alcibiades thinking he could vse no better meane then Pharnabazus helpe only to see him safely conducted to the Kings courte he proposed his iorney to him into the countrie of PHRYGIA where he abode a certaine time to attēd vpon him was very honorably entertained and receyued of Pharnabazus All this while the ATHENIANS founde them selues desolate in miserable state to see their empire lost but then much more when Lysander had taken all their liberties and dyd set thirtie gouernours ouer their cittie Now to late after all was lost where they might haue recouered againe if they had bene wise they beganne together to bewaile and lament their miseries and wretched state looking backe apon all their wilfull faultes and follies committed emong which they dyd reckon their second time of falling out with Alcibiades was their greatest faulte So they banished him only of malice and displeasure not for any offense him selfe in persone had committed against them sauing that his lieutenaunt in his absence had shamefully lost a fewe of their shippes and they them selues more shamefully had driuen out of their cittie the noblest souldier and most skilfull captaine that they had And yet they had some litle poore hope lefte that they were not altogether cast awaye so long as Alcibiades liued and had his health For before when he was a forsaken man and led a banished life yet he could not liue idely and doe nothing Wherefore now much more sayed they to them selues if there be any helpe at all he will not suffer out of doubt the insolencie pryde of the LACEDAEMONIANS nor yet abyde the cruelties and outrages of these thirtie tyrauntes And surely the common people had some reason to haue these thoughts in their heades considering that the thirtie gouernours them selues dyd what they could possiblie to spye out Alcibiades doinges and what he went about In so muche as Critias at the last declared to Lysander that so long the LACEDAEMONIANS might reckon them selues Lordes ouer all GREECE as they kept from the common people the rule and authoritie of the cittie of ATHENS And further he added that notwithstanding the people of ATHENS could well awaye to liue like subiects vnder the gouernment of a fewe yet Alcibiades whilest he liued would neuer suffer them so to be reigned ouer but would attempt by all deuise he could to bring a chaunge and innouation emong them Yet Lysander would not credit these persuasions before speciall commandement was sent to him from the Senate of LACEDAEMON vpon his allegiaunce that he should deuise to kill Alcibiades by all meanes he could procure either bicause in trothe they feared the subtiltie of his wit and the greatnes of his corage to enterprise matters of great weight and daunger or els that they sought to gratifie king Agis by it Lysander being thus straightly commaunded dyd send and practise incontinently with Pharnabazus to execute the facte who gaue his brother Magaeus and his vncle Sosamithres commission to attempt the matter Now was Alcibiades in a certen village of PHRYGIA with a concubine of his called Timandra So he thought he dreamed one night that he had put on his concubines apparell and how she dandling him in her armes had dressed his head friseling his heare and painted his face as he had bene a woman Other saye that he thought Magaeus strake of his head and made his bodie to be burnt and the voyce goeth this vision was but a litle before his death Those that were sent to kill him durst not enter the house where he was but set it a fire round about Alcibiades spying the fire got suche apparell and hanginges as he had and threwe it on the fire thincking to haue put it out and so casting his cloke about his left arme tooke his naked sworde in his other hande and ranne out of the house him selfe not once touched with fyer sauing his clothes were a litle singed These murderers so sone as they spied him drewe backe and stoode a sonder and durst not one of them come neere him to stande and fight with him but a farre of they bestowed so many arrowes and dartes of him that they killed him there Now when they had left him Timandra went and tooke his bodie which she wrapped vp in the best linnen she had and buried him as honorably as she could possible with suche things as she had and could get together Some holde opinion that Lais the only famous curtisan which they saye was of CORINTHE though in deede she was borne in a litle towne of SICILIA called HYCCARA where she was taken was his doughter Notwithstanding touching the death of Alcibiades there are some that agree to all the rest I haue written sauing that they saye it was neither Pharnabazus nor Lysander nor the LACEDAEMONIANS which caused him to be slaine but that he keeping with him a young gentlewoman of a noble house whom he had stolen awaye and instised to follie her brethern to reuenge this iniurie went to set fire vpon the house where he was and that they killed him as we haue tolde you thinking to leape out of the fyre The ende of Alcibiades life THE LIFE OF CAIVS Martius Coriolanus THE house of the Martians at ROME was of the number of the Patricians out of the which hath sprong many noble personages whereof Ancus Martius was one king Numaes daughters sonne who was king of ROME after Tullus Hostilius Of the same house were Publius and Quintus who brought to ROME their best water they had by conducts Censorinus also came of that familie that
it were with a certaine compassion considering what great power secret and diuine causes haue ouer mens weakenes and frailtie and those thinges that daily passeth ouer our heades For the world then did neuer bring forth any worke of nature or of mans hand so wonderful as was this of fortune Who made the world see a man that before was in maner Lorde and King of all SICILE sit then commonly in the cittie of CORINTHE talking with a vitailer or sitting a whole day in a perfumers shoppe or commonly drinking in some celler or tauerne or to brawle and scolde in the middest of the streetes with common whores in face of the world or els to teach common minstrels in euery lane alley and to dispute with them with the best reason he had about the harmony musike of the songs they sang in the THEATERS Now some say he did this bicause he knew not els how he should driue the time away for that in dede he was of a base mynde and an effeminate person giuen ouer to all dishonest lusts and desires Other are of opiniō he did it to be the lesse regarded for feare lest the CORINTHIANS should haue him in gealouzy and suspicion Imagining that he did take the chaunge and state of his lyfe in grieuous part and that he should yet looke backe hoping for a tyme to recouer his state againe and that for this cause he did it and of purpose fained many thinges against his nature seeming to be a starke nideotte to see him do those thinges he did Some notwithstanding haue gathered together certaine of his answers which doe testifie that he did not all these thinges of a base brutish mynde but to fitte himselfe onely to his present misery and misfortune For when he came to LEVCADES an auncient cittie built by the CORINTHIANS as was also the citty of SYRACVSA he told the inhabitants of the same that he was like to yong boyes that had done a fault For as they flye from their fathers being ashamed to come in their sight are gladder to be with their brethrē euē so is it with me said he for it would please me better to dwell here with you then to go to CORINTHE our head citty Another tyme being at CORINTHE a stranger was very busie with him knowing how familiar Dionysius was with learned men and Philosophers while he raigned in SYRACVSA and asked him in the ende in derision what benefite he got by Platoes wisedome and knowledge he answered him againe how thinkest thou hath it done me no good whē thou seest me beare so paciently this change of fortune Aristoxenus a musitian and other asking him what offence Plato had done vnto him he answered That tyrans state is euer vnfortunate and subiect to many euills but yet no euill in their state was comparable to this That none of all those they take to be their most familiars dare once tell them truely any thing and that through their fault he left Platoes company Another tyme there commeth a pleasaunt fellow to him and thinking to mocke him fiuely as he entred into his chamber he shooke his gowne as the manner is when they come to tyrans to shewe that they haue no weapons vnder their gownes But Dionysius encountred him as pleasantly saying to him do that whē thou goest hēce to se if thou hast stollē nothing And again Philip King of MACEDON at his table one day discēding into talke of songs verse and tragedies which Dionysius his father had made making as though he wondred at thē how possibly he could haue leisure to do them he answered him very trimly and to good purpose He did them euen at such tymes quod he as you and I and all other great Lordes whom they recken happy are disposed to be drunke play the fooles Now for Plato he neuer saw Dionysius at CORINTHE But Diogenes Sinopian the first tyme that euer he met with Dionysius sayd vnto him O how vnworthy art thou of this state Dionysius stayed sodainely and replied Truly I thanke thee Diogenes that thou hast compassion of my misery Why sayd Diogenes againe Doest thou thinke I pitty thee Nay it spiteth me rather to see such a slaue as thou worthy to dye in the wicked state of a tyrant like thy father to lyue in such securitie and idle lyfe as thou leadest amongst vs When I came to compare these wordes of Diogenes with Philistus wordes the Historiographer bewailing the harde fortune of the daughters of the LEPTINES saying that they were brought from the toppe of all worldly felicity honor and goodes whereof tyrannicall state aboundeth vnto a base priuate and humble life me thinkes they are the proper lamentations of a woman that soroweth for the losse of her boxes of painting cullers or for her purple gownes or for other suche prety fine trimmes of golde as women vse to weare So me thinkes these things I haue intermingled concerning Dionysius are not impartinent to the description of our liues neither are they troublesom not vnprofitable to the hearers oneles they haue other hasty busines to let or trouble them But now if the tyraunt Dionysius wretched state seeme straunge Timoleons prosperitie then was no lesse wonderfull For within fiftie dayes after he had set foote in SICILE he had the castel of SYRACVSA in his possession and sent Dionysius as an exile to CORINTHE This did set the CORINTHIANS in suche a iollitie that they sent him a supply of two thousand footemen and two hundred horsemen which were appointed to land in ITALIE in the countrie of the THVRIANS And perceyuing that they could not possiblie goe from thence into SICILE bicause the CARTHAGINIANS kept the seas with a great nauie of shippes and that thereby they were compelled to staye for better oportunitie in the meane time they bestowed their leysure in doing a notable good acte For the THVRIANS being in warres at that time with the BRVTIANS they dyd put their cittie into their hands which they kept very faithfully and friendly as it had bene their owne natiue countrie Icetes all this while dyd besiege the castel of SYRACVSA preuenting all he could possible that there should come no corne by sea vnto the CORINTHIANS that kept within the castell and he had hiered two straunge souldiers which he sent vnto the cittie of ADRANVS to kill Timoleon by treason who kept no garde about his persone and continued amongest the ADRANITANS mistrusting nothing in the world for the trust and confidence he had in the safegard of the god of the ADRANITANS These souldiers being sent to do this murther were by chaunce enformed that Timoleon should one day do sacrifice vnto this god So apon this they came into the temple hauing daggers vnder their gownes by litle and litle thrust in through the prease that they got at the length hard to the aulter But at the present time as one encoraged another
their full cuppes and were in the middest of all their pleasure the conspirators might then vse them as they woulde So they beinge sette at table before they were sped of their cuppes one came to them and told them truely of the treason not the particularities neither as a thinge certaine but of a rumor onely that ranne abroade in the towne howe the banished men were hidden in Charons house Philidas woulde haue passed the matter ouer Howbeit Archias would nedes sende one of his garde straight for Charon to commaunde him to come to him presently It was within night and Pelopidas and his company prepared themselues to worke their feate being armed euery man and their swords in their hands when apon a sodaine they heard one knocke at the gate And one of the house runninge straight to the gate came backe againe afearde to tell them that it was one of Archias garde that came for Charon to come immediatly to the gouernours Then were they in doubt that their practise was discouered that they were all cast away before they coulde make any proofe of their valliantnes notwithstanding they were all of opinion that Charon should obey the message that he should present himselfe before the gouernors to take away all suspition from them Charon of him selfe was a stout man very constant resolute in daunger for his owne persone yet it greued him much at that time for feare the confederates shoulde suspect him he hadde bewrayed thē if so many honest citizens whom he had lent his house vnto should vnfortunately miscarie Therefore before he went out of his house he went into his wiues chamber to fetch his sonne that was a goodly boy but strong as any boy of his age could be so he brought him to Pelopidas and prayed him if he vnderstoode that he had betrayed them any way or otherwise had sought their hurt they shoulde then vse his sonne as an enemie without any compassion towardes him When the cōfederates saw the good zeale true noble mind of Charon they all fell a weping and were angrie with him that he should thinke any of them so faint harted or timerous for any daunger coulde come to them that they shoulde suspect or accuse him for any thinge and therewith all they prayed him not to leaue the boye with them but rather to conuey him into some place out of the tyrans daunger where he might be brought vp that one day he might be reuenged of the wrong iniurie they had done to them and to their contrie Charon aunswered them he woulde not take him away that he saw no life nor health more happy for him then to dye with his father without infamy and with so many honest men his frends So after he had besought the goddes to prosper them and hadde encouraged and embraced euerie one of the confederators one after an other He went to the gouernors and studied by the way so to frame his wordes and countenance as though he shoulde seeme to thinke of any thinge else then of that he purposed to do When he came to Philidas dore that made the feast Archias and Philidas him selfe came vnto him and asked him Charon what are they sayd they that are come into the city and hidden in some house with certaine citizens that do accompany them Charon was somewhat abashed at the first and asked them againe what men be they who are they that hides them in the citie But when he perceiued that Archias coulde tell nothinge of certaintie then he thought straight that some man hadde informed them that was not priuie to the practise but hadde hearde some thinge of it Thereupon he willed them to take heede it was no false alarome to make them astrayed neuerthelesse sayd he I will enquire further of it for at all aduenture it is good to be circumspect in such a case to be sure Philidas aunswered him he said truely and so he brought Archias backe againe into the hall where he made him drinke deeper then before still entertaining the company with hope of the womens comming Charon returning home againe found all the cōfederats ready to attēpt their enterprise not as men that reckened of their liues nor that had any hope to preuaile but as those that were determined us dye valliantly and to sell their liues dearly Now he truely tolde vnto Pelopidas onely what was said vnto him the rest he told that Archias had sent for him to speake with him of other matters The storme of the former daunger was scant blowen ouer but fortune sent them an other For immediatly vppon talke had with Charon at the first came a messenger from ATHENS that brought a letter to the same Archias written by the Bishop of ATHENS at that time called Archias also as him selfe was his old hoste frende wherein he wrote not of simple coniecture nor sumised suspition but the plaine conspiracy in euery degree as afterwards it fell out So the messenger was brought to Archias that was dronke and deliueringe him the letter he said vnto him Sir he that sendeth you this letter straightly charged me to tel you that you should presently read the contents thereof because it is a matter of great importance Archias laughing sayd vnto him waighty matters to morrow So he tooke the letter and put it vp then fell againe so his tale he had begonne with Philidas But euer after the GREECIANS made this a common prouerbe among them waighty matters to morrow Now when the cōspirators spied their time to go about their businesse they deuided them selues in two companies Pelopidas and Demaclidas went with one company to sette vpon Leontidas and Hypates because they dwelt nere together Charon and Melon with the rest went against Archias and Philip beinge disguised in womens apparell they had put vpon their priuy cotes wearing garlands of pyneapple and fyne trees on their heads that couered all their faces So when they came to shew them selues at the hall dore where the bancket was made they that were in the hall at the first sight thinking they had beene the women they looked for beganne to showte and made great noyse for ioye But when the conspirators cast their eyes rounde about the hall to knowe those which were at the table they drew out their swordes and set vppon Archias and Philip ouerthwart the table then they shewed them selues what they were Then Phidias bad his guestes he hadde bidden to the bancket with them that they shoulde not stirre for they shoulde haue no hurt so some of them sate still But the greatest nomber of them woulde needes from the borde to defende their gouernours Howebeit bicause they were so dronke that they knewe not what they did they were soone slaine with them Now Pelopidas enterprise was not so easie For they went against Leontidas that was a sober discrete man and withall hardy of his handes and they found he was gone to
CHALCIDIANS did not alone only honor reuerence Titus but he was generally honored also by the GREECIANS as he deserued was maruelously beloued for his curtesie and good nature which argueth plainely that they did not fainedly honor him or through compulsion but euen from the hart For though there was some iarre betwixt him and Philopoemen at the first about seruice for emulation of honor and after betwixt him and Diophanes also both generalls of the ACHAIANS yet he neuer bare them any malice in his hart neither did his anger moue him at any time to hurt them any way but he euer ended the heate of his wordes in counsell and assemblies where he vttered his minde franckely to them both Therefore none thought him euer a cruell man or eger of reuenge but many haue thought him rashe and hasty of nature Otherwise he was as good a companion in company as possibly could be and would vse as pleasaunt wise mirthe as any man As when he sayed to the ACHAIANS on a time who would needes vniustly vsurpe the I le of the ZACYNTHIANS to disswade them from it my Lordes of ACHAIA if ye once goe out of PELOPONNESVS you put your selues in daunger as the torteyses doe when they thrust their heades out of their shell And the first time he parled with Philip to treate of peace when Philip said vnto him you haue brought many men with you and I am come alone In deede it is true you are alone sayd he bicause you made all your frendes and kinne to be slaine An other time Dinocrates MESSINIAN being in ROME after he had taken in his cuppes in a feast where he was he disguised him selfe in womans apparell and daunced in that manner and the next day followinge he went vnto Titus to pray him to helpe him through with his sute which was to make the citie of MESSINA to rebell and leaue the tribe of the ACHAIANS Titus made him aunswer that he would thinke vpon it but I can but wonder at you sayd he howe you can daunce in womans apparell and singe at a feast hauinge such matters of weight in your head In the counsell of the ACHAIANS king Antiochus ambassadors beinge come thither to moue them to breake their league with the ROMAINES and to make alliance with the king their master they made a maruelous large discourse of the great multitude of souldiers that were in their masters army and did number them by many diuerse names Whereunto Titus aunswered and tolde how a frend of his hauing bidden him one night to supper and hauing serued so many dishes of meate to his bord as he was angry with him for bestowing so great cost apon him as wonderinge howe he could so sodainely get so much store of meate and of so diuerse kindes My frende saved to me againe that all was but porke dressed so many wayes and with so sundry sawces And euen so quod Titus my Lords of ACHAIA esteeme not king Antiochus army the more to heare of so many men of armes numbred with their launces and of such a number of footemen with their pykes for they are all but SYRIANS diuersely armed only with ill fauored litle weapons Furthermore after Titus had done these thinges and that the warre with Antiochus was ended he was chosen Censor at ROME with the sonne of that same Marcellus who had bene fiue times Consull This office is of great dignitie and as a man may say the crowne of all the honors that a citizen of ROME can haue in their common wealth They put of the Senate foure men only but they were not famous They did receiue all into the number of citizens of ROME that would present them selues to be enrolled in their common regester with a prouiso that they were borne free by father and mother They were compelled to doe it by Terentius Culeo Tribune of the people who to despight the nobility perswaded the people of ROME to commaunde it so Nowe at that time two of the noblest and most famous men of ROME were great enemies one against an other Publius Scipio AFRICAN and Marcus Porcius Cato Of these two Titus named Publius Scipio AFRICAN to be prince of the Senate as the chiefest and worthiest persone in the citie and got the displeasure of the other which was Cato by this mishappe Titus had a brother called Lucius Quintius Elaminius nothing like vnto him in condition at all for he was so dissolutely and licentiously giuen ouer to his pleasure that he forgatte all comlinesse and honesty This Lucius loued well a younge boy and caried him alwayes with him when he went to the warres or to the charge and gouernment of any prouince This boy flattering him one day sayd vnto Lucius Quintius that he loued him so well that he did leaue the sight of the Swordplayers at the sharpe which were making ready to the fight although he had neuer seene man killed before to waite vpon him Lucius being very glad of the boyes wordes aunswered him straight thou shalt loose nothing for that my boy for I will by by please thee as well So he commaunded a condemned man to be fetched out of prison and withall called for the hangman whome he willed to strike of his head in the middest of his supper that the boy might see him killed Valerius Antias the historiographer wryteth that it was not for the loue of the boy but of a woman which he loued But Titus Liuius declareth that in an oration which Cato him selfe made it was wrytten that it was one of the GAVLES who beinge a traitor to his contry men was come to Flaminius gate with his wife and children and that Flaminius making him come into his halle killed him with his owne handes to please a boy he loued that was desirous to see a man killed Howebeit it is very likely that Cato wrote in this sorte to aggrauate the offence and to make it more cruell For many haue wrytten it that it is true and that he was no traitor but an offendor condemned to dye and amonge other Cicero the orator doth recite it in a booke he made of age where he made it to be tolde vnto Catoes owne persone Howesoeuer it was Marcus Cato being chosen Censor and clensing the Senate of all vnworthy persones he put of the same Lucius Quintius Flaminius although he had bene Consull which disgrace did seeme to redowne to his brother Titus Quintius Flaminius also Whereupon both the brethren came weping with all humility before the people and made a petition that seemed very reasonable ciuill which was that they would commaunde Cato to come before them to declare the cause openly why he had with such open shame defaced so noble a house as theirs was Cato then without delay or shrinking backe came with his companion into the market place where he asked Titus out alowde if he knew nothing of the supper
few scaped with life Other being followed and pursued by the ARABIANS were all put to the sword So as it is thought there were slaine in this ouerthrow about twentie thowsand men and tenne thowsande taken prisoners Surena had now sent Crassus head and his hand vnto Hyrodes the king his master into ARMENIA and gaue out a brute as farte as the citie of SELEVCIA that he brought Crassus to liue that he had prepared a sight to laugh at which he called his triumph Among the Romanes prisoners there was one called Caius Pacianus who was very like Crassus him they clothed in womans apparell of the PARTHIANS and had taught him to aunswere when any called him Crassus or Lord captaine Him they put a horse backe and had many trompets before him and sergeauntes apon camells backes that caried axes before them and bundells of roddes and many purses tyed to the bundell of roddes and ROMANES heades newly cut of tyed to the axes and after him followed all the strumpets women minstrells of SELEVCIA who went singing of songes of mockery and derision of Crassus womanish cowardlines Now for these open showes euery one might see them but besides that sight Surena hauing called the Senate of SELEVCIA together layed before them Aristides bookes of ribaldrie intituled the Milesians which was no fable for they were found in a ROMANES fardell or trusse called Rustius This gaue Surena great cause to scorne and despise the behauiour of the ROMANES which was so farre out of order that euen in the warres they could 〈…〉 ine from doing euill and from the reading of such vile bookes Then the Senatours of SELEVCIA found that AEsope was a wise man who sayd that euery man caried a sacke on his necke and that they put other mens faultes at the sackes mouth and their owne towardes the bottome of the sacke When they considered that Surena had put the booke of the lasciuiousnes of the MILESIANS at the sackes mouth and a long tayle of the PARTHIANS vaine pleasures and delightes in the bottome of the sacke carying such a number of cartes loden with naughtie packes in his army as he did which seemed an army of ermites and fielde myse For in the voward and foremest ranckes all appeared terrible and cruell being onely launces pykes bowes and horse but all they ended afterwards in the rereward with a traine of harlots instruments of musicke daunsing singing bancketing and ryoting all night with Curtisans I will not deny but Rustius deserued blame but yet withall I say that the PARTHIANS were shamelesse to reproue these bookes of the vanities of the MILESIANS considering that many of their kinges and of the royal blood of the Arsacides were borne of the IONIAN and MILESIAN curtisans Things passing thus in this sorte king Hyrodes had made peace league with Artabazes king of ARMENIA who gaue his sister in mariage vnto Pacorus king Hyrodes sonne made great feastes ode to an other in the which were many Greeke verses song Hyrodes selfe vnderstanding well the Greeke tongue and Artabazes was so perfit in it that he him selfe made certaine tragedies orations and stories whereof some are yet extant at this day The same night Crassus head was brought the tables being all taken vp Iason a common player of enterludes borne in the city of TRALLES came before the kinges recited a place of the tragedy of the BACCHANTES of Euripides telling of the misfortune of Agaue who strake of his sonnes heade And as euery man tooke great pleasure to heare him Sillaces comming into the hall after his humble duty first done to the king deliuered him Crassus head before them all The PARTHIANS seeing that fell a clapping of their handes and made an outcrie of ioy The gentlemen hushers by the kinges commaundement did set Sillaces at the table Iason casting of his apparell representing Pentheus person gaue it to an other player to put on him counterfeating the BACCHANTES possest with furie beganne to rehearse these verses with a ieasture tune and voyce of a man madde and beside him selfe Behold vve from the forest bring a stag novv nevvly slaine A vvorthy booty and revvard beseeming vvell our paine This maruelously pleased the companie and specially singinge these verses afterwardes where the Chorus both asked and aunswered him selfe VVho strake this stag None else but I thereof may brag Pomaxathres hearing them dispute about the matter being set at the table with others rose straight and went and tooke the head him selfe to whome of right it belonged to say those wordes and not vnto the player that spake them King Hyrodes liked this sporte maruelously and rewarded Pomaxathres according to the maner of the contrie in such a case and to Iason he also gaue a talent Such was the successe of Crassus enterprise and voyage much like vnto the end of a tragedy But afterwardes Hyrodes cruelty and Surenaes fowle periury and craft were in the end iustly reuenged apon them both according to their deserres For king 〈…〉 enuying Surenaes glorie put Surena to death And Hyrodes fell into a disease that became dropsy after he had lost his sonne Pacorus who was slaine in a battel by the ROMANES Phâ—â—â—â— his second sonne thinking to set his father forwardes gaue him drinke of the iuice of Aâ—â—â—tum The dropsie received the poison and one draue the other out of Hyrodes bodie and set him a foote againe Phreates perceiuing his father to amende apon it to make shorte worâ—â— with his owne handes strangled him THE COMPARISON OF Crassus with Nicias BVt nowe to proceede to the comparison first Nicias goodes were more iustely gotten and with lesse reproach than Crassus wealth for otherwise a man can not geue any great praise to minerall workes the which are wrought by lewde and ill disposed barbarous fellowes him in irons and toyled to death in vnholsome and pestilent places But being compared vnto Crassus buying of confiscate goodes at Syllia handes and vngentle manly bargaines of houses a fire or in damage thereof surely Nicias trade will appeare the better way of getting For as openly did Crassus auow vsery as tillage And againe for other faultes wherewith Crassus many times was burdened and which he stowtly denied as that he tooke money of men hauing matters before the Senate at ROME to winne fauour for their side and that he preferred matters to the preiudice of the confederates of the ROMANES only for his priuate profit and therefore curried fauor with Ladies generally sought to cloke all fowle offenders of all these faultes was Nicias neuer so much as once suspected For he the contrarie mocked of euery bodie bicause for feare he maintained wicked doers by giftes which perhappes would not haue becommed Pericles nor Aristides and yet was mete for Nicias who was borne a timerous natured man and neuer had corage in him Whereof Lycurgus the Orator did vaunte afterwardes to the people being
all quarells among them King Cleombrotus by chaunce was at that time in the contrie of PHOCIDE with his armie vnto whom the Ephori wrote that he should forthwith spoyle the THEBANS contrie and therewith also they sent to all their confederates to come and aide them which had no great fansie to the iorney and were loth to make warre with them but yet durst not refuse to goe nor disobey the LACEDAEMONIANS And notwithstanding that there were many signes presaging ill lucke as we haue wrytten in the life of Epaminondas and that Prethous LACONIAN was against the enterprise of this warre all that he could Agesilaus would needes forward hoping he had nowe found oportunity to be reuenged of the THEBANS sith all GRAECE besides was in peace and at libertie them selues onely exempted from treatie of peace If there had bene no other thing in it but the very shortnes of time that made it manifest enough that this warre was begonne in a geere without any manner of reason For the generall peace amongest the GRAECIANS was concluded at SPARTA the fourteenth of May and the LACEDAEMONIANS were ouercome at the battell of LEVCTRES the fifteene of Iune so as there was but twentie dayes betwene them There were slaine a thowsand LACEDAEMONIANS with their king Cleombrotus and the choicest of the valliantest SPARTANS about him Amongest them was also slaine that goodly young man Cleonymus Sphodrias sonne of whom we spake before who hauing bene beaten downe thrise at the kings foote three times got vp againe but at the length was slaine valliantly fighting against the THEBANS This great ouerthrowe chaunsing to the LACEDAEMONIANS vnlooked for and withall so glorious a victorie vnto the THEBANS as GRAECIANS fighting with GRAECIANS had neuer the like the vanquished citie of SPARTA notwithstanding deserued no lesse honor and commendacion for her fortitude and worthinesse than did the victorious citie of THEBES For as Xenophon wryteth that as amongest good men euen in table talke and in their sportes mirth there falleth out ouer some thing of wit worth the noting and bearing away euen so in like case no lesse but rather more ought noble mens wordes to be weyed and their countenances marked as well in aduersitie as in prosperitie At that time by chaunse there was a common feast day in the citie of SPARTA which was full of straungers that came to see the daunses sportes of them that shewed naked in the Theater when as the messengers arriued that brought the newes of the battell lost at LECVTRES The Ephori knowing then that the rumor straight ranne all about that they were all vndone and how they had lost the signorie and commaundement ouer all GRAECE would not suffer them for all this to breake of their daunse in the Theater nor the citie in any thing to chaunge the forme of their feast but sent vnto the parentes to euerie mans house to let them vnderstande the names of them that were slaine at the battell they them selues remaining still in the Theater to see the daunses and sportes continued to iudge who caried the best games away The next morning when euerie man knewe the number of them that were slaine and of those also that were escaped the parentes and frendes of them that were dead met in the market place looking cheerefully of the matter and one of them embraced an other On thother side the parentes of them that scaped kept their houses with their wiues as folke that mourned If any of them also had occasion to go abroad out of their houses for any matter of necessitie ye should see him looke so heauily and sad that he durst not talke with you lift vp his head nor looke ye in the face Besides all this euen amongest the women there was greater difference For the mothers of thē that kept their sonnes which came from the battell were sad and sorowfull and spake not a word Contrarily the mothers of them that were slaine went frendly to visite one an other to reioyce together Now when the people saw that their confederates beganne to forsake them and did dayly looke that Epaminondas glorying in his victorie would inuade PELOPONNESVS then they beganne to be pricked in conscience about the oracles of the goddes thinking that this misfortune came to their citie for that they had thrust out of the kingdome a man perfect in limmes to place an impotent person being specially warned by the goddes to beware of that aboue all thinges This notwithstanding they had him in such veneration for his valliantnes and his authoritie was such thereby that they did not onely vse him in warre as their king and soueraine Captaine but in ciuill causes also wherein there rose any question they euer vsed his counsell and aduise As they did when they durst not punish them according to the penall lawes that fled from the battell whom they call at SPARTA Tresantas being a great number of them and men of the noblest houses and of greatest power within the citie least they should moue some sturre or commotion among them For by lawe they can beare no office in the common wealth It is shame and reproche to geue them any wiues and also to marrie any of theirs Whosoeuer meeteth them may lawefully strike them and they must abide it and not geue them a word againe They are compelled to weare poore tattered cloth gownes patched with cloth of diuers colours and worst of all to shaue the one side of their beardes and the other not Whereupon finding the daunger great to deale with them to execute the lawe according to the infamie they deserued specially then standing in neede of a great number of men of warre they referred them selues altogether vnto Agesilaus to take such order in it as he thought good But Agesilaus then without chaunging or altering any thing of the lawe sayd in open assemblie of LACEDAEMON that for that day they should let the law alone notwithstanding that afterwardes it should stand in force By this policie he kept the lawe inuiolate and saued also the honor of those poore men and withall to put these youthes againe in hart being amazed with this feare he led the armie into the contrie of ARCADIA and would geue no battell but onely tooke a small citie of the MANTINIANS and foraged the contrie This againe did a litle reuiue the citie of SPARTA with some hope to make that it should not vtterly dispaire But shortly after Epaminondas inuaded the contrie of LACONIA with fortie thowsand footemen well armed besides an infinite number of others light armed and naked people that followed his campe for the spoyle so that in all there were about three score and tenne thowsande fighting men that came in with him to inuade LACONIA It was well neere sixe hundred yeares sith the DORIANS possessed LACEDAEMON and in all that time till then they neuer saw enemies in their contrie that durst inuade
army spake to his people to encorage them to fight valliantly as if they were on maine land bicause of the steadines heauines of their ships commaunded the Pilots masters of the gallies that they should not sturre none otherwise then if they were at anker and so to receiue the first charge of their enemies and that they should not goe out of the straight of the gulfe Caesar betymes in the morning going out of his tent to see his ships thorough out met a man by chaunce that draue an asse before him Caesar asked the man what his name was The poore man told him his name was Eutychus to say fortunate and his asses name Nicon to say Conquerer Therefore Caesar after he had wonne the battell setting out the market place with the spurres of the gallies he had taken for a signe of his victorie he caused also the man and his asse to be set vp in brasse When he had visited the order of his armie thorough out he tooke a little pinnase and went to the right wing and wondered when he sawe his enemies lye stil in the straight sturred not For decerning them a farre of men would haue thought they had bene shippes riding at anker and a good while he was so perswaded So he kept his gallies eight furlong from his enemies About noone there rose a litle gale of winde from the sea and then Antonius men waxing angry with tarying so long and trusting to the greatnes and height of their shipps as if they had bene inuincible they began to march forward with their left wing Caesar seeing that was a glad man and began a litle to giue backe from the right wing to allure them to come further out of the straight gulfe to th end that he might with his light shippes well manned with water men turne and enuirone the gallies of the enemies the which were heauy of yarage both for their biggenes as also for lacke of watermen to row them When the skirmish began and that they came to ioyne there was no great hurt at the first meeting neither did the shippes vehemently hit one against the other as they doe commonly in fight by sea For on the one side Antonius shippes for their heauines could not haue the strength and swiftnes to make their blowes of any force and Caesars shippes on thother side tooke great heede not to rushe shocke with the forecastells of Antonius shippes whose proues were armed with great brasen spurres Furthermore they durst not flancke them bicause their points were easily broken which way soeuer they came to set vpon his shippes that were made of great mayne square peeces of tymber bounde together with great iron pinnes so that the battel was much like to a battel by land or to speake more properly to the assault of a citie For there were alwaies three or foure of Caesars shippes about one of Antonius shippes and the souldiers fought with their pykes halberds and darts and threw pots and darts with fire Antonius ships on the other side bestowed among them with their crosbowes and engines of battery great store of shot from their highe towers of wodde that were apon their shippes Now Publicola seing Agrippa put forth his left wing of Caesars army to compasse in Antonius shippes that fought he was driuen also to loose of to haue more roome going a litle at one side to put those further of that were affraid and in the middest of the battel For they were fore distressed by Aruntius Howbeit the battell was yet of euen hand and the victorie doubtfull being indifferent to both when sodainely they saw the three score shippes of Cleopatra busie about their yard masts and hoysing saile to flie So they fled through the middest of them that were in fight for they had bene placed behind the great shippes did maruelously disorder the other shippes For the enemies them selues wondred much to see them saile in that sort with ful saile towards PELOPONNESVS There Antonius shewed plainely that he had not onely lost the corage and hart of an Emperor but also of a valliant man that he was not his owne man prouing that true which an old man spake in myrth that the soule of a louer liued in another body and not in his owne he was so carried away with the vaine loue of this woman as if he had bene glued vnto her that she could not haue remoued without mouing of him also For when he saw Cleopatraes shippe vnder saile he forgot forsooke betrayed them that fought for him imbarked vpon a galley with fiue bankes of owers to follow her that had already begon to euerthrow him would in the end be his vtter destruction When she knew this galley a farre of she lift vp a signe in the poope of her shippe and so Antonius comming to it was pluckt vp where Cleopatra was howbeit he saw her not at his first comming nor she him but went and sate down alone in the prowe of his shippe and said neuer a word clapping his head betwene both his hands In the meane time came certaine light brigantynes of Caesars that followed him hard So Antonius straight turned the prowe of his shippe and presently put the rest to flight sauing one Eurycles LACEDAEMONIAN that followed him neare and prest vpon him with great corage shaking a dart in his hand ouer the prow as though he would haue throwen it vnto Antonius Antonius seing him came to the fore castell of his ship asked him what he was that durst follow Antonius so neare I am aunswered he Eurycles the sonne of Lachares who through Caesars good fortune seketh to reuenge the death of my father This Lachares was condemned of fellonie and beheaded by Antonius But yet Eurycles durst not venter on Antonius shippe but set vpon the other Admirall galley for there were two and fell with him with such a blowe of his brasen spurre that was so heavy and bigge that he turned her round and tooke her with another that was loden with very rich stuffe and cariage After Eurycles had left Antonius he returned againe to his place and sate downe speaking neuer a word as he did before and so liued three dayes alone without speaking to any man But when he arriued at the head of Taenarus there Cleopatraes women first brought Antonius and Cleopatra to speake together and afterwards to suppe and lye together Then beganne there agayne a great number of Marchaunts shippes to gather about them and some of their friends that had escaped from this ouerthrow who brought newes that his army by sea was ouerthrowen but that they thought the army by land was yet whole Thē Antonius sent vnto Canidius to returne with his army into ASIA by MACEDON Now for him self he determined to crosse ouer into AFRICK toke one of his carects or hulks loden with gold and siluer and other rich cariage
him not presently for the blood stinted a litle when he was layed and when he came somwhat to him selfe againe he praied them that were about him to dispatch him But they all fled out of the chamber and lest him crying out tormenting him selfe vntill at last there came a secretarie vnto him called Diomedes who was commaunded to bring him into the tombe or monument where Cleopatra was When he heard that she was aliue he verie earnestlie prayed his men to carie his bodie thither and so he was caried in his mens armes into the entry of the monument Notwithstāding Cleopatra would not open the gates but came to the high windowes and cast out certaine chaines and ropes in the which Antonius was trussed and Cleopatra her owne selfe with two women only which she had suffered to come with her into these monumentes trised Antonius vp They that were present to behold it said they neuer saw to pitiefull a sight For they plucked vp poore Antonius all bloody as he was and drawing on with pangs of death who holding vp his hands to Cleopatra raised vp him selfe as well as he could It was a hard thing for these women to do to lift him vp but Cleopatra stowping downe with her head putting to all her strength to her vttermost power did lift him vp with much a doe and neuer let goe her hold with the helpe of the women beneath that bad her be of good corage and were as sorie to see her labor so as she her selfe So when she had gotten him in after that sorte and layed him on a bed she rent her garments vpon him clapping her brest and scratching her face stomake Then she dried vp his blood that had berayed his face and called him her Lord her husband and Emperour forgetting her owne miserie and calamity for the pitie and compassion she tooke of him Antonius made her ceasse her lamenting and called for wine either bicause he was a thirst or else for that he thought thereby to hasten his death When he had dronke he earnestly prayed her and perswaded her that she would seeke to saue her life if she could possible without reproache and dishonor and that chiefly she should trust Proculeius aboue any man else about Caesar. And as for him selfe that she should not lament nor sorowe for the miserable chaunge of his fortune at the end of his dayes but rather that she should thinke him the more fortunate for the former triumphes honors he had receiued considering that while he liued he was the noblest and greatest Prince of the world that now he was ouercome not cowardly but valiantly a ROMANE by an other ROMANE As Antonius gaue the last gaspe Proculeius came that was sent from Caesar. For after Antonius had thrust his sworde in him selfe as they caried him into the tombes and monuments of Cleopatra one of his gard called Dercetaeus tooke his sword with the which he had striken him selfe and hidde it then he secretly stale away and brought Octauius Caesar the first newes of his death shewed him his sword that was bloodied Caesar hearing these newes straight withdrewe him selfe into a secret place of his tent and there burst out with teares lamenting his hard and miserable fortune that had bene his frende and brother in law his equall in the Empire and companion with him in sundry great exploytes and battells Then he called for all his frendes and shewed them the letters Antonius had written to him and his aunsweres also sent him againe during their quarrell and strife how fiercely and prowdly the other answered him to all iust and reasonable matters he wrote vnto him After this he sent Proculeius and commaunded him to doe what he could possible to get Cleopatra aliue fearing least otherwise all the treasure would be lost and furthermore he thought that if he could take Cleopatra and bring her aliue to ROME she would maruelously beawtifie and sette out his triumphe But Cleopatra would neuer put her selfe into Proculeius handes although they spake together For Proculeius came to the gates that were very thicke strong and surely barred but yet there were some cranewes through the which her voyce might be heard and so they without vnderstoode that Cleopatra demaunded the kingdome of AEGYPT for her sonnes and that Proculeius aunswered her that she should be of good cheere and not be affrayed to referre all vnto Caesar. After he had viewed the place verie well he came and reported her aunswere vnto Caesar. Who immediatly sent Gallus to speake once againe with her and bad him purposely hold her with talke whilest Proculeius did set vp a ladder against that high windowe by the which Antonius was trised vp and came downe into the monument with two of his men hard by the gate where Cleopatra stoode to heare what Gallus sayd vnto her One of her women which was shut in her monumēts with her saw Proculeius by chaunce as he came downe and shreeked out O poore Cleopatra thou art taken Then when she sawe Proculeius behind her as she came from the gate she thought to haue stabbed her selfe in with a short dagger she ware of purpose by her side But Proculeius came sodainly vpon her and taking her by both the hands said vnto her Cleopatra first thou shalt doe thy selfe great wrong and secondly vnto Caesar to depriue him of the occasion and oportunitie openly to shew his bountie and mercie and to geue his enemies cause to accuse the most curteous and noble Prince that euer was and to appeache him as though he were a cruell and mercielesse man that were not to be trusted So euen as he spake the word he tooke her dagger from her and shooke her clothes for feare of any poyson hidden about her Afterwardes Caesar sent one of his infranchised men called Epaphroditus whom he straightly charged to looke well vnto her and to beware in any case that she made not her selfe away and for the rest to vse her with all the curtesie possible And for him selfe he in the meane time entred the citie of ALEXANDRIA and as he went talked with the Philosopher Arrius and helde him by the hande to the end that his contrie men should reuerence him the more bicause they saw Caesar so highly esteeme and honor him Then he went into the show place of exercises and so vp to his chaire of state which was prepared for him of a great height and there according to his commaundement all the people of ALEXANDRIA were assembled who quaking for feare fell downe on their knees before him and craued mercie Caesar bad them all stande vp and told them openly that he forgaue the people and pardoned the felonies and offences they had committed against him in this warre First for the founders sake of the same citie which was Alexander the great secondly for the beawtie of the citie which he muche esteemed and wondred
away so farre of that in his absence he shoulde attempt to set vpon the CLEONIANS as in deede he did For he sayled not presently to goe thither with his armye But Aratus returning from CENCHREES vnto CORINTHE very late in the night and hauing layed good watche euery way he sodainely brought the armye of the ACHAIANS vnto CLEONES with such speede and quietnes that they were not seene as they came but entred into the citie of CLEONES by night and were ready to fight with the tyrant before he knewe they were come So the gates of the citie were set open by breake of daye and the signall of battell giuen by sound of trumpetts and so setting vpon the tyrants men with great cryes they suspecting nothing they were presently put to flight And bicause the place where the ouerthrowe was giuen had many turnings Aratus following the chase tooke the way which he thought the tyrant fled in The chase continued to the citie of MYCENES There the tyrant was ouertaken by a CRETAN called Tragiseus as Dinias reporteth who slue him and there were slayne of his men also aboue fifteene thowsand But now Aratus hauing wonne such a famous victorie and lost neuer a man he could not yet winne the citie of ARGOS nor set it againe at liberty For one AEgias and another Aristomachus got into the towne with the kings army and kept it But notwithstanding by this noble victorie Aratus did race out a great part of the reproache they gaue him and of the scoffes and slents the flatterers of the tyrants deuised of him Who to please them reported that when they should come to fight in deede the generall of the ACHAIANS had the winde collicke in his belly and a dymnesse in his eyes with a guydines in his head when he heard but the sound of the trumpetts And furthermore also when he had set his men in battell raye and giuen them the word of battell he asked the generalls if he should neede to be there in person bicause he was hurt in the heele and then would get him as farre of as he could to see the ende of the battel This talke was so common that the Philosophers them selues disputing of it to wete whether to tremble and change culler in present daunger and perill be signes of a faint hart or of an euill complexion and coldnes of body they alway vouched Aratus that had bene a good and valliant Captaine and yet when he began to fight he was euer in that taking So when he had ouercome Aristippus he sought meanes also to destroy Lysiadas MEGALOPOLITAN who as absolute Lord and king of the contry kept the city of MEGALIPOLIS Notwithstanding he had no base minde in him nether was he caried away with a cruell desire of tyrannye to liue at his pleasure nor through extreme couetousnes as most Princes be but being a young man pricked forward with desire of honor fame hauing vnaduisedly cōceiued in his mind which was great highly bent the vaine reasons he heard men talke of principality as of a state most blessed worthy of admiration he found the meanes to make him selfe Lord of his contry But afterwards he was soone weary of the daungers troubles such maner of gouernmēt bringeth with it desired to follow Aratus whome he sawe prosper and of great honor Furthermore also fearing his secret practises against him he tooke holde of a noble deuise first to rid him selfe of the malice and feare of the prison and garde of his souldiers and lastly to be a benefactor to his contry So he sent for Aratus gaue vp his gouernment and deliuered vp his citie to the trybe of the ACHAIANS They so extolled him for this acte that they chose him their Lieuetenant generall of all their tribe Wherefore Lysiadas striuing at the first to excell Aratus in honor attempted diuers things which were not very needefull as amonge others to make warre with the LACEDAEMONIANS But Aratus was very much against him in that though some thinke it was for enuy Thereuppon they chose Lysiadas generall of the ACHAIANS the second tyme although Aratus openly both spake and made what meanes he could to the contrary would haue had an other to haue bene chosen For he him selfe was euery other yeare generall So Lysiadas was chosen againe generall of the ACHAIANS the third time with euery bodies good will and Aratus and he had absolute power and gouernment by turnes one after the other But when they saw that Lysiadas became open enemy vnto Aratus and did still accuse him in all their counsels and assemblies they fell in such misliking with him that they reiected him For they thought his but a coūterfeate vertue to contend with the perfitnes of Aratus vertue Much like vnto one of Isopes fables saying that litle birdes did aunswer the cuckow on a tyme asking them why they did flie from her bicause we are affrayd sayd they thou wilt be asper-hawke one day Euen so it seemeth that there was a certaine suspition in mens minds of Lysiadas tyranny which made them mistrust that he went not from his tyrannie with good will. Now Aratus on thother side wanne as great praise and honor by his doings against the AETOLIANS For when the ACHAIANS would needes haue sought vpon the confines of the territory of the MEGARIANS and that Agis king of LACEDAEMON being come with his army to the campe of the tribe of the ACHAIANS did perswade them hardily to giue battell Aratus was stowtely against it and did abide many mocks and tawnts they gaue him saying that it was for cowardlines he would not goe This notwithstanding he would not leaue his wife and safe determination for all that open shame but suffered the enemies to passe ouer the Mountaine Gerania and to inuade PELOPONNESVS and would neuer fight with them But afterwards when he saw that at their first comming they had taken the citie of PALLENA he then chaūged his mind and would deserre time no lenger to tary till all his power were come together but marched forthwith against his enemies with those few he had who maruelously weakned them selues by their insolency and disorder after their victory keeping no watche nor warde For after they had entred the citie of PALLENA the soldiers ranne into euery house one thrusting in an others necke and fighting for the goods they found The Captaines also fell to rauishing of maides and the PALLENIANS wiues and put their burganets and morrions vpon their heades that none other should take them bicause that by the same the souldiers should know whose they were and to whome the women belonged So they being in this ruffe and iolitie newes came sodainly that Aratus was come This made them quake for feare when they saw they were like to be taken out of order For before they all vnderstoode of the daunger by their sodaine setting on them the
whereof Liuie deca 3. lib. 7. Romulus and Remus education Romulus a godly man. Remus taken of Numitors heardmen Gods providence Remus oration declaring the birth of himself his brother Romulus Numitors wisdome Faustulus care to saue Remus Amulius perplexed in his minde Manipulares whereof so called Amulius slayne The building of Rome Asylaus temple a sanctuarie for all banished persones and fugitiues Strife betwixt Romulus and Remus Remonium Rignarium The Romains obserue the flying of vulters Remus slayne by Romulus or Celer Celeres wherfore so called Q. Metellus Celer The world Pomoerium why so called The walles holye The feast day of Romes fouÌ„dation the 21. Aprill The feast Palilia An eclypse of the moone at the laying of the foundatioÌ„ of Rome Varro a philosopher Tarutius a mathematician The hower of a mans natiuitie maye be calculated by his accidents Romulus natiuitie calculated by Tarutius An eclypse of the sunne when Romulus was conceiued in his mothers wombe The Romaine legion 3000 footemen 300 horsemeÌ„ Romulus instituteth a coÌ„mon wealth VVhat the Patricians Senatâ— were Patres Conscripti Patroni Clientes The shame of the Romaines to take gifteâ— of poore men The rauishement of the Sabynes comen Romulus crafte about the rauishement of the Sabynes daughters Consus a god Neptune the god of horsemen The executioÌ„ of the rauishment The number of the Sabyne women rauished Hersilia Romulus wife Romulus first daughter called Prima His sonne was called Aollius Abillius The cause why the Romaines dog synge the name of Talasius in â—â—â—â—ages Talassia Matrimoniall ceremonie at Rome Sextillis August Plutat in his proble Consualia The Sabynes what they were Acron king of the Ceninenses maketh warre with Romulus Acron slaine in the field Romulus triumphe The beginning of triumphe Iupiter Feretrian Spolia opima Three Romaines onely obteined spolia opima Tarquinius Priscus the first that triumphed in charet The citties of Fidena Crustumerium Antemna rose all â—â—gast Romulus The Sabynes led by Tatius went to besiege the cittie of Rome Tarpeia betrayeth the castell and letteth in the Sabynes Antigonus Augustus Caesarâ— words of traytors A fit similitude Note the reward of treason Tarpeia pressed to deathe The place of the fight betwext Romulus Tatius Curtius the Sabyne Curtius Lake The Sabynes geue battell to Romulus Hostilius slayne Romulus hit on the head with a stone Iupiter Stâ—tor A wonderfull boldnes of women The wordes of Hersilia and other Sabyne women vnto both armies Romulus and Tatius imparle together Peace betwene the Romaines and Sabynes Quirites why so called Comitium The Romaine legion 6000. footemen 600 horsemeÌ„ The Romaine tribes Honours geueÌ„ to women Tatius and Romulus palaces The holy cornell tree The Sabynes vsed the Romaines moneths Feasts Matronalia Carmentalia Carmenta Lupercalia The Lupercians doe sacrifice a dogge VVhy the Lupercians roÌ„ne through the cittie naked The Vestall Nunnes and holy fire instituted by Romulus Lituus Romulus Lawes Parricides No parricide knowen in Rome sixe huÌ„dred yeres together Lucius Ostius the first man that slewe his owne father at Rome Ambassadours slaine comming to Rome The death of Tatius in Lauinium ArmilustriuÌ„ The Sabines obedience to Romulus Romulus tooke the cittie of Fidena Plague at Rome It rained bloude at Rome Camerinum taken of Romulus The incredible valiaÌ„tnes of Romulus Romulus â—â—â—â—eth peace with the Veians Prosperitie increase of pryde and stomake Celeres Romulus garde Lictores wherefore so called Romulus conurteth the kingdome of Alba to a comon weale Romulus vanished awaye no man knew howe The 17. daye of Iuly an vnfortunate daye to the 〈…〉 The death Africanus Diuers opinions of Romulus death The goate marshe Iulius Proculus â—â—â— with Romulus after his vanishing Romulus oracle vnto Proculus Romulus called Quirinus and honored as a god Aristeas a Proconnesian taken out of mens fight after bâ—â—us dead Cleomedes Asâ—ypaisis vanished strauÌ„gely out of mens sights being fast locked in a chest Alemenes body vanished out of the beere The soule eternall Heraclitus saying of the soule VVhy Romulus was called Quirinus The bill Quirinus Nonae Capravine The warre of the Latines Posthumius generall Philotia a warning maeydes sodaine deuise Romulus age and reigne By what meanes men are provoked to great anteryriser Plato in Phaèdone Loue the minister of the goddes The office of a prince VVherein Romulus was to be preferred before Theseus Romulus loue to his kyuns Theseus detected for obliuion Theseus detected for his rauishements of women Romulus rauishement of women excused No diuorse made in Rome for 230. yeres space Val. Max. sayeth 520. The first wife put awaye in Rome Theseus mariages cause of warres and troubles Romulus more acceptable to the godds then Theseus Xenophon in lib. de Lacedaemon Rep. Of the Heraclides Pausanias Diodorus and Cleme Strom. lib. 1. Lycurgus kinred A subtill promise Prodicos Regents or protectours of yong Kings in minoritie Charilaus king of the Lacedaemonians Herod lib. 1. Dionysius Halic lib. 2. Lycurgus trauelled countryes Thales a poet harper Lycurgus iorney into Asia The prayse of Homers workes Homers poemes vnknoweÌ„ to the Grecians brought to light by Lycurgus Lycurgus returneth and chaungeth all the coÌ„mon wealth Lycurgus counselleth with the oracle of Apollo as Delphes Chalceoecos Iunos brasen temple Lycurgus instituteth a Senate of the Lacedaemonians Plato de leg 3. 28. were the number of the Senatours Retra of Lycurgus Cnacion st The open seith appointed for place of Counsaill The inflimation of the Ephores Lycurgus wisdome Lycurgus maketh equall diuision of landes vnto the citizens All the lands throughe the countrie of Laconia deuided into 30000. parts All the lands about Sparta into 9000 partes VVhat barley euery parte did yelde Lycurgus chaungeth all golde siluer into iron coyne Lycurgus washe all sellers croftes of an value Câ—thon a strauÌ„ge kinde of cuppe of the Lacedaemonian souldiers Lycurgus appointeth order for dyes vnto the Lacedaemonians Alcander strooke out Lycurgus eye Lycurgus pacience and gentlenes Minerua optiletide Andria and Phiditia meales why so called Children were brought to these meales The propertie of a Lacedaemonian The order of receiuing any man into their company at meales The blacke broth Cicero calleth the King. Dionysius theâ— tyran Tusc. 5. Lycurgus would not haue his lawes written otherwise then in mens myndes Retra for excesse of ryeâ— Epaminondas saying King Leontychidas saying Retra for warres Antalcidar saying The discipline of womeÌ„ amongest the Lacedaemonians Arist. polis lib. 7. cap. 17. The exercises and discipline of maydes The saying of a Latonian woman Men that would not marye Lycurgus repused infamous by lawe Matrimoniall ceremonies in Lacodaemon Holsome rules for maried couples Lycurgus regard to auoyd iealousie in the common wealth No adultrie showen in Sparta The education of children with the Lacedaemonians Lesche Apothetes Young babes washed with wine The Spartan nurces Pluto of the first Alcibiades Howe the Lacedaemonians children were brought vp It is a kinde of thistle in the Mosseâ—d tongueâ— reads Holythias