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A81229 The originall cause of temporall evils. The opinions of the most ancient heathens concerning it, examined by the sacred Scriptures, and referred unto them, as to the sourse and fountaine from whence they sprang. / By Meric Casaubon D.D. Casaubon, Meric, 1599-1671. 1645 (1645) Wing C809; Thomason E300_12; ESTC R200256 58,479 71

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ancient Heathens as Pythagoras and others and Angels in the Scripture also we know are sometimes called Gods doth grow insolent or rebellious And so I have done with this place of Plutarch which together with that of Tully being unquestionable deserve to be much made of by them who had rather a little genuine truth though they labour for it then plenty of specious impostures The Sibyls and Mercurius Trismegistus we purposely decline to meddle with in this case yea and the Oracula Chaldaica too which though I doe not altogether reject yet I am very suspicious that there is in them more of Porphyrius then his bare as himselfe pretends collection All this that hath been said well pondered S. Austins assertion that we spake of before with little variation that the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 at the very first long before Homer was taken in the worst sense for an evill spirit and afterwards when evill spirits began to be worshipped which how it happened Justin Martyr and others that have written against the Gentiles doe shew for a good spirit goodnesse and bountifulnesse as Tully well argues against Epicurus being if not the only yet the chiefest object of divine worship this assertion I say so qualified though we cannot for want of proofs and evidences of those times affirm it certainly true yet certainly it may be supposed and granted not improbable But however take the word in either sense for a God or for a Devill the opinion we have spoken of of the envy and malignity 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 will equally but in different respects appear to have proceeded originally from the Scriptures And besides this that the very word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 God by Greek writers as the Latin Deus by the Latins is often used upon this occasion hath been observed before and must here be remembred The Text of the Scriptures that we must ground upon is that unhappy conference between our first mother Eve and the subtill Serpent which we therefore think fit to set down here at large as we find it recorded in the third Chapter of Genesis and the 1 2 3 4 5. verses of the Chapter The words according to our last English Translation are these Ver. 1. Now the Serpent was more subtill then any beast of the field Gen. III. which the Lord God had made and he said unto the woman Yea hath God said Ye shall not eat of every tree of the Garden 2. And the woman said unto the Serpent We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden 3. But of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden God hath said Ye shall not cat of it neither shall ye touch it lest ye die 4. And the Serpent said unto the woman Ye shall not surely die 5. For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof then your eies shall be opened and ye shall be as Gods knowing good and evill Let the words first in themselves and then compared with the event and other circumstances be well considered and these two inferences will of themselves as I conceive without the help of a comment offer themselves to any ordinary judgement First that the Devill doth object unto God their Maker envy and malignity towards men Secondly that it was meer envy and malignity towards mankind that moved the Devill thus to set upon the woman and to counsell her as he did As I will not therefore altogether decline them so neither will I trouble my selfe and my Reader with multiplicity of Commentators upon the place I think it will not need and I must confesse I have not at this time many by me to look upon We shall treat of those two inferences in the order they were but now set down Of all Ancients that have written upon Genesis I shall ever give the preeminence unto S. Chrysostome for the most literall and genuine Expositor Upon the 4. verse And the Serpent said c. he hath these words upon the fourth verse as I said but his words concerne the fifth rather 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Afterwards not content to have contradicted the words of God that he might the better make way for his imposture and by foiling the woman fulfill his own designes he doth traduce their maker as envious Of later Commentators Junius as most generally received among Protestants and learned Diodatus lately set out in English I wish more care had been taken both in the version and printing will suffice Junius upon the place Videtur enim ex multis rationibus c. Among other arguments which he the Devill used to perswade them that men were not so loved of God as they thought but hated rather and that happinesse was envied unto them he brings this as the chiefest because they were forbidden to eat of that fruit from which depended man's chiefest happinesse the knowledge of good evil Diodatus upon the fifth verse God doth know c. He doth wrest I make use of the translation set out into a wrong sense the name of that tree as if it had power to conferre divine knowledge and the understanding of every thing accusing God of envy and provoking the woman to pride and curiosity Before I proceed I will by the way impart unto my Reader a certain passage of Aristotle which I have often admired and doe still as often as I think of it The opinion being currant in his days that God was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or envious which by the vulgar who have little sense of any other happinesse but such as is to be found in the fruition of worldly goods was applyed accordingly Aristotle in his Metaphysicks takes notice of both both of the opinion and how applyed and as for the opinion he doth protest against it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it is not possible it should be so but secondly were it so indeed that such is the nature of God as to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 then in all probability saith he his envy doth especially consist in this that he doth not afford unto men the happinesse of perfect knowledge and contemplation He speaketh it of the Metaphysicks particularly as absolutely being the noblest of all sciences by himself therefore and by others often called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Divinity His words are not many as his manner is to be short but contain fully the substance of all I have said we shal have them afterwards upon another occasion I think no man hath ever laboured to any purpose in the search of any truth either divine morall or naturall or ever observed with himselfe how prone men are generally and always have been upon all occasions both of themselves to mistake and to be misled by others who will not acknowledge Aristotle though hardly censured by divers as well deserving that glorious title of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 divine as his so much admired master by ancient both Christians and Heathens