and defence he principally regarded was Egypt not so much for the valour and courage of the Inhabitants as the naturall strength and situation of the place Alexander of Macedon having annexed it to his Empire never committed the entire Government and Jurisdiction thereof to one man fearing lest he presuming on the wealth of the People and site of the Countrey would settle the possession in himself And so AUGUSTUS calling to mind as well the multitude as the levity and inconstancy or 〈…〉 that it was very rich in coyn and the Roman Granary as serving the City four 〈◊〉 yearly with Corn not only trusted not the rule thereof into the hands of any of the 〈◊〉 but expresly forbad any of that Order without his speciall permission to sojourn there 〈◊〉 is a principle in State never to license men of great houses and credit among the people to have free access into that Country whose revolt may endanger the whole Empire Wherefore it was a weakness doubtless in the Counsell of King Henry the sixt to suffer Richard Duke of York to pass at pleasure into Ireland where he had harbour and relief and whence he brought supply both of Men and Money But to return to Egypt Germanicus entring once into Alexandria only to see the Antiquities of it and return stirred such suspitions and distractions in the jealous head of Tiberius that he spared not sharply to rebuke him for it Vespasian also being by the Syrian Legions chosen Emperour first assured himself of Egypt as the Key of the Sea and Land with a small power against a strong host easily defended This place he resolved to make his Sanctuary if his designs succeeded not luckily And to this place he hastened after the defeat of the Vitellian Army that so detaining the ordinary provision of Victuals he might by Famine compell the City of Rome to stand at his devotion The Government of this Province was by AUGUSTUS alwaies committed to some one of the Roman Gentry as less able by reason of his low Condition to work against the Princes safety Neither would he allow his Deputy the glorious attributes of Lieutenant Legatus Proconsul or Praetor Captain or President of Egypt was their highest Title there being even in Titles no small motives to Ambition 40 AUGUSTUS having by these means reduced both the City and Provinces under his absolute command and being now declining in strength by reason of a sudden and violent sickness began to call his wits to Counsell how to dispose of the Estate after his decease Male-child he never had any His Daughter Julia a woman of immodest carriage never made further use of her Fathers greatness than that she satisfied her Lusts with the greater insolence Marcellus his Sisters sonne and Julias husband was a young man of an ingenious disposition and seemingly capable of the fortunes which attended for him Him being yet young AUGUSTUS preferred to the Pontificall dignity and Aedileship yet once upon his sickness he privately determined to choose a Successor in the Common-wealth rather than his own Family and nor to leave the Empire to Marcellus whom he held unable to undergo it but to his companion in Arms Agrippa a man daunted neither with adverse nor altered with prosperous fortunes This Marcellus afterwards so stomacked that he began to grutch at Agrippas greatness and to bear a vigilant eye on his plots and actions Contrarily Agrippa unwilling to offend him under whose future Government he was in all likelyhood to end the rest of his days with much adoe obtained leave to retire unto Lesbos that so his absence either might allay or remove the displeasure conceived against him by the young Prince An action full of wisdom and magnamity For though AUGUSTUS chief end was to discountenance the popular dependancies of his sonne by the favours heaped on his servant Yet did Agrippa know that a Favorite ought to have so much in him of the Persian Religion as to worship the Rising Sun also and that he should resemble old Janus with the two faces with th' one looking on the King regnant with th' other on the Prince successive 41 Marcellus being dead Agrippa returning married his Widdow and on her begat two Sonnes Caius and Lucius whose actions afterward afforded such variety for censure that there was wanting neither much reason to commend nor little to condemn them On these two or at the least one of them AUGUSTUS now grown aged resolves to settle the Estate and if they failed upon such others as by the liberty of the Laws he might Adopt Adoption in the estimation of the Roman Laws being indeed another Nature Posterity whether it be naturall or only legall is the best supporter of the Arms Imperiall Such as both fortifies the Prince and assures the Subject Yet this he did not without much reluctancy and a great conflict in his mind Sometimes his thoughts suggested to him that the designed Successors draw to them all the attendance and respect from the Prince in possession That they have alwaies a lingring desire to be actually seated in the Throne That they suppose the life of the present Prince too tedious not caring by what means it were shortned That sometime it is pernicious yea even to the appointed Successor himself also On the other side his better thoughts prompted him to consider in what a miserable distraction he should leave the Empire if sudden death should take from him an ability to nominate his heir The fear conceived in the whole City at his last sickness That Pyrrhus of Epirus was of all hands condemned for leaving his Kingdom to the sharpest sword That the Common-wealth falln into dissentions could not be setled again without a lamentable War and a bloudy Victory That the people seeing him childless would not only contemn him but perhaps endeavour to recover the old liberty though with the ruin of the State That it was the custom of Tyrants to desire the eternizing of their deaths by the downfall of their Countries His mind thus distracted and perplexed at last he brake in this manner Thou hast Octavian a Wolf by the ears which to hold still or to let go is alike dangerous Many inconveniences may ensue if thou dost not declare thy Successor More if thou dost The good of the Republique consisteth in knowing the future Prince Thine own welfare dependeth on the concealment The Common good is to be preferred before any private Yet ought Charity to begin at home No Octavian no As thou hast receiv'd so shew thy self worthy of the title of Pater Patriae Yea and perhaps this designation may secure thine own Estate For what will it profit the people to consult against thee when they shall see a successor at hand either of thine own body or thine own appointment ready to take thy place and revenge thy wrongs 40 Thus resolved he adopteth Caius and Lucius desiring though he made shew to the contrary they should be Consuls Elect and
1564 who marking the great sway which the Jesuites began to have and the danger which the Church might run if that Order were not equally ballanced by some other of as much abilitie first established this consisting altogether of Priests that by their diligence in preaching of the lives of the Saints and other heads of practical and morall duties they might divert the torrent of the peoples affection from the brood of Ignatius The renowned Cardinall Caesar Baronius Francis Bourdino afterwards Bishop of Avignon in France and one Alexander Fidelis were the three first whom he admitted to his Rule initiated in S. Hieroms Church at Rome by Pope Pius the fourth with great zeal and cheerfulnes to whom as to some of his Predecessors the power and practices of the Jesuites were become suspitious They increased speedily being countenanced on so good grounds to great numbers and a proportionable Revenue as much esteemed of for their knowledge in Ecclesiasticall Historie and Practicall Divinitie as the others for Philosophy Tongues and the study of Controversies and more accepted of in most places because not usually intermedling in affairs of State So evenly looked on by the Popes that the Jesuites could not obtain the Canonization of their Ignatius till the Oratorians were grown rich enough to celebrate that of their Nerius also which hapned in the short Popedom of Gregory the 15. An. 1622. To conclude this discourse of Monks and Friers I will say somewhat of the severest kind of Recluse which is the Anachoret or Anchoret so called from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because they use to live retired from company They are kept in a close place where they must dig their graves with their nails badly clad and worse dieted not to be pitied because their restraint of liberty is voluntary yet to be sorrowed for in this that after such an earthly Purgatory they shall find instead of an Euge bone serve a Quis quaesivit de manibus vestris But concerning these Orders of Monks and Friers certain it is that at their first institution they were a People much reverenced for their holy life as men that for Christs sake had abandoned all the Pomps and Vanities of the world And questionless they were then a People altogether mortified and who by their very aspects would gain upon the affection of the hardest heart insomuch that not only mean men but great personages also did desire to be buried in Friers weeds as Francis the 2 d Marquess of Mantua Albertus Pius another Prince of Italie and in late times the great Scholar Christopher Longolius But as Florus saith of the Civill Wars between Caesar and Pompey Causa hujus Belli eadem quae omnium nimia felicitas we may say also of these Friers The greatness of their wealth which many on a superstitious devotion had bequeathed unto them brought them first to a neglect of their former devout and religious carriage next to a wretchlesness of their credits and consequently into contempt so that there was not a people under heaven that was more infamous in themselves or more scornfully abused by others Hence the vulgar sayings of the people that Friers wear crosses on their breasts because they have none in their hearts and that when a Frier receiveth the Razor the Devil entreth into him and the like Nay Sir Thomas Moore who lost his head in the Popes quarrell sticks not in his Utopia to call them Errones Maximos and would have them comprehended within the Statutes of Vagabonds and sturdy Beggers Now to shew both the humours of Respect and Contempt used severally to these Monks and Friers as men stood affected there goeth a Tale how the Lady Moore Sir Thomas his wife finding by chance a Friers Girdle shewed it to her husband with great joy saying Behold Sir Thomas a step towards Heaven whereunto with a scornfull laugh he returned this answer that he feared that step would not bring her a step higher And as for their retiredness and solitary course of life so it is that many Kings especially of the Saxons in the time of their Heptarchie have abandoned their Scepters to enjoy it And Barclay in his Argenis under the person of Anaroestus hath defended this in such Princes as have cloystered themselves to injoy the solitude of a Covent Which notwithstanding Philosophers have defined a man to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Creature principally made for civill conversation the Poets say Nascitur indignè per quem non nascitur alter that he dyeth indebted to the world who leaves no posterity behind him and the Jews which live in great numbers even in Rome it self abhor this unsociable kind of living and prefer a civill sociableness much before it as to Nature more agreeable to Man more prositable and consequently to God more acceptable And having spoken thus much of the Monks and Friers descend we now unto the Nuns And indeed I should much wrong the Friers if I should deprive them of the company of their dearest Votaries and therefore take somewhat of them also Called antiently Moniales from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from their living alone whence we also had the names of Monks and Monasteries in the middle times called Nuns from Nonna an Aegyptian word for Aegypt in old times was not meanly furnished with such Eremites which also signifieth a solitary and lonely life A word in some of the barbarous Latines very much in use Scholastica the Sister of S. Benedict was the first who collected them into companies and prescribed them Rules They are shaved as Monks are and vow as they do perpetuall poverty and Virginity Which last how well they keep let Clemangis testifie who telleth us that Puellam velare eadem est ac publicè eam ad scortandum exponere to veil a Nun and prostitute her for a common Harlot were terms equivalent And one Robinson who lived for a time in the English Nunnery at Lisbon hath told us that he found an hole in their Garden-wall covered over with Morter in which were hidden the bones of many new-born children which their unnaturall Mothers had murdered and thrown in there But of these I will instance only in two Orders viz. that of S. Clare as being the strictest and that of S. Brigit which injoyeth most liberty 1. S. Clare was a Knights daughter of Assis where S. Francis was born with whom she was co-temporary and with whose austere life she was so affected that she forsook her Fathers house and followed him Having learned her Lirrie of that Frier-monger she devised an Order of Religious women and had it confirmed by Pope Honorius the third Ano. 1225. Her followers vow Poverty and Virginity as before was said go barefoot feed meanly and are more streightned in their course of life than those of any other Order By their Foundress out of a desire to conform the better to the Rule and Order of S. Francis they were called Minorites or
6 Alaricus 21. 512. 7 Gensalaric 3. 515. 8 Amalaric 11. 526. 9 Theudes 18. 543. 10 Theodogisdus 3. 546. 11 Agila 5. 551. 12 Athanagildus 14. 565. 13 Luiba 3. 568. 14 Leonigild 18. 586. 15 Richared 15. 601. 16 Luiba II. 2. 603. 17 Victoricus 7. 610. 18 Gundemaris 20. 630. 19 Sisebulus 9. 639. 20 Richared II. 2. 641. 21 Suintilla 3. 644. 22 Siseranda 7. 651. 23 Suintilla II. 4. 655. 24 Tulgas 2. 657. 25 Vidisuindus 10. 667. 26 Recesuind 13. 680. 27 Bamba 9. 689. 28 Ering 7. 696. 29 Egypea 7. 703. 30 Vitiza 13. 716. 31 Roderick the last King of the Goths in Spain elected to the prejudice of the Sonnes of Vitiza which after proved the ruine and overthrow of the Kingdom For though the Kingdom went for the most part by Election yet had they respect to the next of blood as at this time in Poland and Bohemia very few interlopers being here admitted yet some there were who either by their merit or some opportunity got the possession of the Kingdom though not at all relating to the Royall family Of which kind were Theudis an Ostro-Goth sometimes the Governour hereof for Theodorick King of the Gothes in Italy Protectour of this Kingdom in the minority of Amalaric and Theudegisolus Nephew to Totilas one of the successors to Theodoric The rest of principall note were 1 Theodoric the first slain in the battell neer Tholouze against Attila the Hunn in defence of his own Countries and the Roman Empire 2 Theodoric the second who beat the Nation of the Suevi out of Batica and 3 Leonigild or Leutigilde who deprived them of Galicia also 4 Reccaredus the first who first embraced the Catholick doctrine of the Church and rejected Arianisme and for that cause first honoured with the title of the Catholick King afterwards resumed by Alfonsus the first King of Leon and made hereditary by Ferdinand the King of Castile Aragon c. Grandfather unto Charles the fift 5 Euricus or Henricus as some call him as remarkeable for Civill Politie as Reccaredus for piety as being the Licurgus or Legâ—slator of this people not governed till his time by a written Law but either by uncertain customes or at the pleasure of such Officers as the Kings set over them 5 Suintilla Sonne of Reccaredus the second who having in the short time of his reign expelled the Roman forces out of Tingitana Anno 642. was the first Monarch of all Spain whereof Tingitana though on the other side of the Sea had been made a Province by the Emperour Constantine as before was said And of this Province was Iulianus Governour in the time of Rhoderick who being of the faction of the Sonnes of Vitiza stomacked his advancement to the Kingdom and thereby got the greater portion of the Kings displeasure Who sending him upon an Embassie to the Moores of Asrica in the mean time defloured his Daughter Cana which the Father took in such indignation that he procured the Moores amongst whom he had gotten much credit to come over into Spain This request they performed under the conduct of Musa and Tariffe and having made a full conquest subjected it to the great Caliphs or Mahometan Emperours It is recorded in a MS. History of the Saracens that at the first coming of Tariffe into Spain a poor woman of the Country being willingly taken prisoner fell down at his feet kissed them and told him that she had heard her Father who was lettered say that Spain should be conquered by a people whose Generall should have a Mole on his right shoulder and in whom one of his hands should be longer than the other He to animate his Souldiers against the next encounter uncloathed himself and shewed the marke which so encouraged them that they now doubted not the victory Roderick had in his Army 130000 foot and 35000 horse Tariff had 30000 horse and 180000 foot The battell continued seven days together from morning to night at last the Moores were victorious What became of King Roderick was never known his Souldiers took one arrayed in their Kings apparell whom upon examination they found to be a Sheepheard with whom the King after the discomfiture had changed cloathes It is written also in Rodericus Toletanus that before the coming of those Saracens King Roderick upon hope of some treasure did open a part of the Palace of long time forbidden to be touched but found nothing but Pictures which resembled the Moores with a Prophecie that whensoever the Palace was there opened the people there resembled should overcome Spain and so it hapned Anno 724. The Moores now Lords of Spain by the treason of Iulian who having seen the miserable death of his wife and children was starved in prison by the Africans permitted the free use of Religion to the old Inhabitants lest they seeking new dwellings for the liberty of Conscience should leave their native soyl desolate The Moores finished their conquest in five years say some others in two and some again in eight Moneths To keep the new conquered Country in subjection no way was so convenient as to plant Colonies but the Morisco women would not abandon their old seates Hereupon Musa and Tariffe by gifts pardons and perswasions drew many Christian women to forsake their Religion whom they maried to the Souldiers Not long after Vlâ—dor Vlit the great Caliph sent over about 50000 Families of Moores and Iewes assigning them a convenient portion of lands to be held with great immunities upon small rents These Politick courses notwithstanding the Moores long enjoyed not the sole Soveraignty herein for the Christians having now recovered breath chose themselves Kings and the Authority of the Caliphs declining gave the Moores liberty to erect divers petit royalties so that at last Spain fell into a thirteenfold division into the Kingdoms and proprietary estates of 1 Navarre 2 Biscay and 3 Guipuscoa 4 Leon and Oviedo 5 Gallicia 6 Corduba 7 Granada 8 Murcia 9 Toledo 10 Castile 11 Portugall and the Members of it 12 Valentia 13 Catalovia 14 the Kingdom of Majorca and 15 that of Aragon not to say any thing of the petit Kingdoms of Iaen Algozire and Sevill besides others of like nature to them erected by the factious and divided Moores but of short continuance all of them and of little note All now reduced at this day under the three governments of Castile Portugal and Aragon the Kingdoms and Estates of Leon Navarre Corduba Granada Gallicia Biscay Murcia and Toledo being under Castile Portugall with Algarve and the Isles of Azores an entire government of it self Valentia Catalonia and Majorca under that of Aragon 1. NAVARRE NAVARRE the first Kingdom for antiquitie in Spain is bounded on the East with the Principality of Bearn in the Kingdom of France on the West first with the River Ebro or Iberus and after with a little River falling into it neer Calaborra by which divided from Castile on the North with
life and Kingdome did depend Which Jewell his daughter Scylla is said to have delivered unto King Minos her Fathers Enemy on whom then besieging this City upon the sight of him from an high Turret shee became inamoured But he rejecting her and her Present both after the taking of the City returned into Crete which the unhappy woman seeing threw her self after him into the Sea and was turned into the Bird called â—iris I leave the moralizing of the Fable unto the Mythologists observing only by the way the antiquity of that politick practise to love the treason and hate the Traitour But the glories of this Citie did not â—nd with Nisus For shaking off the Cretan yoke it became sui juris once again and being conveniently seated on the very Isthmus amounted to that height of prosperity that they contended with the Athenians for the Island of Salamis And in this war they so crushed the power and spirit of Athens by one fatall overthrow that the Athenians to prevent all the like dysasters did ordain by Law that whosoever mentioned the recovery of Salamis was to lose his life so that Solon was compelled to faign himself frantick the better to propound the enterprise In which although the State of Athens got the Isle of Salamis yet did the Megarenses continue a Free-people till brought under with the rest by the Macedonians and with them made subject unto Rome 3 BOEOTIA is bounded on the South with Megaris and the Bay of Corinth on the North with the River Cephisus on the East with Attica and a branch of the Aegean Sea and on the West with Phâ—â—is Thus named from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which in Greek signifieth an Oxe because when Cadmus weary of seeking his sister Europa whom Jupiter had stollen out of Phoenicia came to the Oracle at Delphos he was commanded to follow the first Oxe he saw and where the Oxe did rest it self there to build a Citie In the Countrie nothing singular but an ancient custome of burning before the door of an house in which a new-married wife was designed to dwel the Axâ—e-tree of the Coach which brought her thither giving her by that Ceremonie to understand as Plutarch telleth us in his Morals that she must restrain her self from gadding abroad and that being now joined unto an husband she must frame herself to live and abide with him without hope of departure In this Country also are the Straits of the Mountain Oeta from the neighbouring Bathes called Thermopylae not above 25 foot in breadth which â—n the war that Xerxes made against the Greeks were valiantly defended by Leonidas King of Sparta with no more then 300 of his men who having valiantly resisted that Armie which in its passage out of Persia had drank Rivers drie and slain at least 30000 of them dyed every man upon the place To hide the greatnesse of which losse lest it should terrifie the rest of his Armie which were coming on Xerxes commandedd all the slain men to be buried in severall pits except a thousand as it no more then they had been lost in that passage Places of most observation in it 1 Thespias on a River of the same name at the fall whereof into the Bay it is pleasantly seated shadowed on the North with a Branch of the Mountain Helicon and consecrated as that was unto the Muses hence called Thespiades in the Poets 2 Platea nigh to which Mardonius Generall to the Persians was overcome by the Greeks with the losse of Mardonius himself and 160000 men on the Persian side and on the other no more then 31 Spartans 16 Arcadians 52 Athenians and about 600 of the Megarenses In memorie of which brave exploit and to preserve the names and honour of those Worthies who there laid down their lives for the liberty of Greece there was a festivall kept annually by the Plateans in the month of September with solemn Sacrifices and a kinde of divine acknowledgment unto the deceased continued from the time of Aristides the Athenian who first ordained them to the dayes of Plutarch who records it but how long after I am not able to say In this great fight the Commander in chief was a noble Spartan called Pausanias who afterwards having a design to make himself Soveraign of all Greece and being discovered in the practise fled for sanctuarie to the Temple of Pallas From whence because it was counted sacriledge to constrain him by violence it was unanimously resolved to wall up the entrances his own Mother laying the first stone It is recorded that before the fighting of this battell the Athenians had been told by the Oracle that they should be Conquerors if they fought upon their own ground whereupon the Plateans within whose territories the Persians had prepared to fight bestowed that field on the State of Athens In requitall of which noble act Alexander the Great re-edified and enlarged their Citie having been first burnt and sacked by the Persians and after levelled with the ground by the Lacedemonians because confederate with Athens in the war against them 3 Leuctra remarkable for the great overthrow which the Thebans under the conduct of Epaminondas gave unto the Spartans and their King Cleombrotus there slain by which victory they did not only preserve their own liberty but brought their enemies to that fall of courage and reputation that they could never rise again the divine vengeance overtaking them in that very place where some of their Nation had deflowred the daughters of Schedasus who had given them courteous entertainment For which when no reparation could be had from the State of Sparta the unfortunate Damosels flew themselves to avoid the infamie of consenting to their own dishonour and were buried in those very fields where this battell was fought 4 Asera the birth-place of Hesiod a man according to Paterculus elegantis ingenii carminum dulcedine memorabilis though it hath pleased that proud Critick Julius Scaliger intending to deifie Virgil to prefer the worst verse in the Georgicks of the one before the whole works of the other 5 Lebadia near the River Cephisus the Inhabitants whereof were counted the most superstitious of all the Grecians memorable for the Den or Cave of Trophonia and the Oracle there given by Jupiter hence called Trophonius Into which Cave none were permitted to enter and receive the Oracle but after many ointings washings and the like superstitious preparations too long and many to be specified in this place and time A town which still preserves so much of its ancient estimation that from hence as I conjecture the whole Country of Achaia hath the name of Levadia by which the Turks call it at this present 6 Cherona or Coronea the birth-place of Plutarch Near unto which was fought that memorable battell betwixt L. Sylla and the Romans against Archelaus one of the Lieutenants of Mithridates King of Pontus leading an armie of 120000 souldiers of which 10000 only escaped with life the
my way I return again both to the place and to the Authoe In whose evidence besides what doth concern the imposition of the name of Christian upon the body of the faithful we have a testimony for Saint Peters being Bishop of An lock the first Bishop thereof of the Church of the Jews therein as lest as is said positively by Eusebius in his Chronologie Saint Hierome in his Catalogue of Ecclesiasticall writers Saint Chrysostonze in his Homilie de Translatione Ignatii Theodoret Dialog 1. Saint Gregory Epistol lib. 6. cap. 37. and before any of them by Origen in his sixt Homily on Saint Luke With reference whereunto and in respect that Antioch was accompted alwaies the principal City of the East parts of the Roman Empire the Prefect of the East for the most part residing in it the Bishop hereof in the first Ages of Christianity had jurisdiction over all the Churches in the East as far as the bounds of that Empire did extend that way To which by Constantine the Great the Provinces of Cilicia and Isauria with those of Mesopotamus and Osroent were after added Containing fifteen Roman Provinces or the whole Diocese of the Orient And though by the substracting of the Churches of Palestine and the decay of Christianity in these parts by the conquests of the Turks and Saracens the jurisdiction of this Patriarch hath bin very much lessened yet William of Tyre who flourished in the year 1130. reciteth the names of 13 Archiepiscopal 21 Metropolitical and 127. Episcopal Sees yielding obedience in his time to the See of Antoch Since which that number is much diminished Mahometanism more and more increasing and Christianity divided into Sects and factions insomuch as of three forts of Christians living in these Countreys viz. the Maronites Jacobites and Melchites onely the Melchites are subordinate to the Church of Antioch the others having Patriarels of their own Religion And first for the Melchites who are indeed the true and proper Members of the Church of Antioch and the greatest body of Christians in all the East they are so named in way of scorn by the Jacobite and Maronite Schismatick separating without just cause from their communion The name derived from Malchi signifying in the Syriack language a King or Emperour because adhering to their Primate they followed the Canons and decisions of preceding Councils ratisied by authority of the Emperour Leo by whom subscription was required to the Acts thereof and were in that respect as we use to say of the Kings Religion Conform in points of doctrine to the Church of Greece but that they celebrate divine service as solemnly on the Saturday as upon the Sunday subject to their true and original Patriarch who since the destruction of Antioch doth reside in Damaseus and on no terms acknowledging the authority of the Popes of Rome Next for the Maronites they derive that name either from Marona one of the principall Villages where they first inhabited or from the Monasterie of S. Maron mentioned in the first Act of the Council of Consumople holden under Mennas the Monks of which called Maronites were the head of their Sect. Some points they hold in which they differ from all Orthodox Christians others in which they differ onely from the Church of Rome Of the first sort 1. That the Holy Ghost proceedeth from the Father onely without relation to the Sonne 2. That the Souls of men were created all together at the first beginning 3. That male Children are not be Baptized together but at severall times by one and one 4. That Herenques returning to the Church are to be re-baptized 5. That the Child is made unclean by the touch of his Mother till her purification and therefore not Baptizing Children till that time be past which after the birth of a Male Child must be forty daies of a Female eighty 6. That the Euchirist is to be given to Children presently after Baptism 7. That the fourth Mariage is utterly unlawfull 8. That the Father may dissolve the mariage of his Sonne or Daughter 9. That young men are not to be Ordeived Priests or Deacons except they be maried 10. That nothing Strangled or of blood may be eaten by Christians 11. That Women in their monethly courses are not to be admitted to the Eucharist of to comeinto the Church 12. And finally which was indeed their first discrimination from the Orthodox Christians that there was but one will and action in Christ the Fautors of which opinion had the name of Monothelies Of the last kind 1. That the Sacrament of the Lords Supper was to be administred in both kinds 2. and in Leavened bread 3. that bread to be broken to the Communicants and not each man to have his waser to himself according to the first Institution 4. Not reserving that Sacrament 5. not carrying any part of the confecrated Elements to sick persons in danger of death 6. That Aleriage is nothing inferiour to the single life 7. That no man entreth the Kingdome of Heaven till the General Judgement 8. That the Saturday or old Sabbath is not to be fasted 9. nor the Sacrament upon dates of fasting to be administred till the Evening They withdrew themselves from the See of Antioch and set up a Patriark of their own many ages since but the certain time thereof I find not conferring on him for the greater credit of their Schism the honourable title of the Patriarch of Antioch His name perpetually to be Peter as the undoubted Successour of that Apostle in the See thereof Dispersed about the spurres and branches of Mount Libanus where they have many Townships and seattered Villages of which four are reported to retain in their common speech the true antient Syriack that is to say 1. Eden a small village but a Bishops See by the Turks called Aechera 2. Hatchteth 3. Sherrie 4. Bolesa or Blousa little superiour to the rest in bigness or beauty but made the seat of their Patriarch when he comes amongst them At such time as the Western Christians were possessed of these parts they submitted to the Church of Rome but upon their expulsion by the Turks and Saracens they returned again to the obedience of their own Patriarch on whom they have ever since depended His residence for the most part at Tripolis a chief Town of Syria but when he came to visit his Churches and take an accompt of his Suffragan Bishops who are nine in number then at Blousa as is said before Won to the Papacy again by John Baptist a Jesuite in the time of Pope Gregory the thirteenth who sent them a Catechism from Rome printed in the Arabian language which is generally spoken by them for their instruction in the Rudiments of that Religion yet so that their Patriarch still retains his former power and the Priests still officiate by the old liturgies of those Churches in the Syriack tongue So that this reconciliation upon the matter is but a matter of complement on
sonnes that is to say Cush Mizraim Phut and Canaan of which onely Phut the third Sonne hath no issue assigned him To Chush the eldest Sonne were born Seba and Havilah and Sabtah Nimrod Sabtecha and Raamah who was the Father of Sheba and Dedan And unto Mizraim the second Sonne were born Ludim and Amamim Lebabim Naphtuhim Paâ—hrusim Caphtorim and Casluhim who was the Father of Philistim Of Canaan and his issue we shall speak hereafter In the mean time we will dispose of these first branches of the stock of Cham beginning first with Chus the eldest and so descending to the rest of this first Line And first for Chush though it be generally said both by the Greek and Jewish Writers that he was the Father of the Aethiopians in the heart of Africa yet upon better search he is found to have gone no further than Arabia possessing himself of a good part of that which is called Petraea and some part of Arabia Felix For whereas Zipora the wife of Moses was daughter unto Jethro the Priest or Prince of Madian Exod. 2. v. 16. c. and yet is called an Aethiopian woman in the 12. of Num. v. 1. it must needs be that by Aethiopian in the last place must be meant an Arabian for Madian doubtless was a City of Arabia neer unto the Red Sea as is apparent by Josephus for the Jewes Ptolomie for the Grecians and S. Hierome for the Latine Writers But we shall canvass this more throughly in its proper place the strength of reason serving for a supplement of that one main defect which is that there is no remainder of the name of Chus in any of the Cities Promontories Hills or Rivers of all that Countrey by which his planting there might be made more evident Seba the eldest Sonne of Chus sets himself down on the shores of the Red Sea as neer his Father as he could becoming the Originall of the great and wealthy Nation of the Sabaeans the so much celebrated City of Saba memorable for abundance of the best Frankincense being their Metropolis or head City A Nation seated in the most Southern part of this Peninsula subject in Solomons time to that famous Lady called in the old Testament from her Country the Queen of Sheba and in the new Testament from the situation of it the Queen of the South the holy Spirit in both places giving her an ample and remarkable testimony For Havilah or Chavilah the second of the Sonnes of Chus most probable it is that he possessed himself of that part of Arabia which lay neerest unto Babylonia and that he gave name to that Land of Havilah which the River Pison is said to incompass Gen. 2. v. 2. Some footsteps of whose name remain in the Chaulotaei of Eratosthenes the Chaulasâ— of Festus Anicnus but more plainly in the Chavelei of Plinâ—e being all three but one people though thus diversly named and all of them planted towards the Persian Gulf and so to Babylon On the same shore of the Persian Gulf we are to look for Sabta the third sonne of Chus where Ptolomie informs us of a Citie called Saphta and of an Iland in the same Gulf called Sopththa also From whence in probabilitie some of this people might pass over into Persia on the other side of the Gulf and there give name to the Sabtaei which by the transposition of the letter T. are by Prolomie called the Stabaei That Nimrod the fourth sonne of Chus did first plant himself in Babylonia the Scripture is so plain and positive that nothing need be added to it Of Sabteca the fift sonne I confess I can find no tract in any of the antient Authors For why we should admit of so great a change as first of B. into M. and then of T. into D. which could not easily be done by very careless Transcribers and so finde Sabteca in Samydace a City or Country of the Carmanians on the Persian side of the Gulf I can see no reason And therefore rather chuse to mingle him and his posterity with the sonnes of Sabta and the children of his brother Regma all planted on the same shore of the Persian Gulf. For that Regma our English Bibles call him Raama was setled on the banks of the Bay of Persia hath so good authority that there is no dispute to be made of that Ptolomie placing there the City of Regma Regama it is called in the Latin Translation by which name it occurreth in Stephanus also in his Book De Urbibus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And Regma on the Persian Gulf as his words there are And not far thence we are to look for his sonne Sheba both being joyned together in the Book of God and both there said to busie and employ themselves in the trade of Merchandizing The Merchants of Shebah and Raamah saith the Text they were thy Merchants they occupied in thy Faâ—rs with chief of all Spices and with all precious Stones and Gold Ezek. 27. v. 22. So that the Nations of the Sabaeans though descended at the first from severall parents inhabited the lower parts of Arabia Felix from one Sea to the other as evidently appeareth by those words of Plinie where he informeth us most truly that the Sabaeans or Arabian people well known for their abundance of Frankincense ad utraque maria porrectis gentibus habitare had spread themselves over all the Country even from the Red Sea to the Gulf of Persia Finally in the same tract we find Dedan the other sonne of Regma and the last of all the sonnes of Chus there being on the mouth of the Persian Gulf but on the Arabian coast thereof not onely a City but a Province called by the name of Dedan which both Ortelius and some other late Geographers do take notice of And more than so the Prophet Ezekiel joyns him with his brother Sheba and makes them both to follow the same trade of Merchandise The men of Dedan were thy Merchants chap. 27. 15. Sheba and Dedan and the Merchants of Tarshish chap. 38. 13. They brought thee hornes of Ivorie and Ebonie saith the Prophet in the former Text. The head of the next house of the race of Cham was Mizraim the second sonne of whom it is generally affirmed that leaving his elder brother Chus and his posteritie in the rich and delectable Countries of Arabia Felix and the next parts to Babylonia or the land of 〈◊〉 he went with his own sonnes and his Brother Phut into Africa and there planted Egypt Oâ—th there is no question amongst the Learned though all the tracts and footstepâ— of 〈◊〉 be quite worn out unless any thing of it were preserved in the word Mesori by which the Aegyptians antiently called the first Moneth in the year or in that of Mesre by which name the Arabians call Egypt to this day But being Egypt is called Misraim in the Hebrew Bibles that onely is sufficient without further evidence And therefore leaving him in
his Kingdom at his death He is sayd to be the founder of the Citie of Genâ—a and to have given name to the Hill in Rome called Janicula on which it was supposed that he had his dwelling 2 Saturn who taught the people the use of dunging of their lands and for that cause was honoured by them as a God under the name of Stercutius as St. Austin hath it He reigned first together with Janus and afterwards by himself alone the whole time of both their reigns was 33 years 3 Picus well skilled in divination by the flight and chattering of Birds and therefore feigned by the Poets to be turned into a Pye He entertained Evander and his Arcadians giving them the Hill called after Aventine to build upon 37. 4 Fannus the sonne of Picus and the husband of Fatua in whose time Hercules came into Italy vanquished the Giants of Cremona and killed the Giant Câ—cus who had fled out of Spain 44. 5 Latinus the sonne of Faunus who entertained Aeutas comming from the wars and destruction of Troy and gave him his daughter Lavinia to wife with his Kingdom after him in Dower 36. 6 Lavinia daughter to Latinus and Queen of the Latins maried to Aeneas whom she out-lived he being slain in his Wars against Mezentius the King of Tuscany the sonne or successor of that Mezentius an ungodly Tyrant whom Aeneas had before slain in his war with Turnus and the Latins 7. Kings of the Latins of the Trojan or Silvian rate 1 Aeneas the sonne of Anchises and Husband of Lavinia slain in his wars against Mezentius King of the Tuscans or Hetrurians as before is said 3. 2 Ascanius the sonne of Aeneas by Creusa his former Wife for fear of whom Lavinia being great with child fled into a Wood and was there delivered of a son called Silvius He removed the Seat Royall from Lavinium to Longa Alba a City of his own building 38. 3 Silvius Posthumus the sonne of Aeneas by Lavinia preferred unto the Kingdom by the love of the people before Iulus the sonne of Ascanius the founder of the Julian family from whom all the Kings of this Race had the name of Silvii Iulus being honoured with the chief Priesthood an office next in dignity to that of the King which he translated afterwards unto his Posterity 29. 4 Aeneas Silvius 31. 5 Latinus Silvius 50. 6 Alba Silvius so called because of his beautifying and repairing the City Alba then in some decay 39. 7 Capetus Silvius 24. 8 Capys Silvius said to be the founder of the Citie of Capua which shewes that he extended his dominion further than the Province of Latium 28. 9 Capetus Silvius 13. 10 Tiberinus Silvius from whom the River Tiber derives that name being formerly called Albula 8. 11 Agrippa Silvius 40. 12 Alladius Silvius who to make himself the more terrible to his subjects studied a way to imitate the Thunder but was killed at last by a reall Thunder-clap from Heaven 19. 13 Aventinus Silvius vvho gave name to the Hill Aventine 37. 14 Procas Silvius 23. 15 Amulius Silvius the younger sonne of Procas setting aside his Brother Numitor obtained the Kingdom for himself slain at last by Româ—lus and Numitor setled in the Throne 42. 16 Numitor the 21 King from Janus and the last King of the Latins restored by Romulus to the Throne and after the short reign of one year onely deprived by him both of life and Kingdom After whose death the Latins or Albans had no more Kings but kept themselves as a Free-estate till subdued to Rome 1. Concerning this it is to be understood that Amulius having chased his elder brother Numitor out of the Country and possessed himself of the Throne caused his brothers daughter Rhea for preventing any issue by her to be shut up in the Temple of Vesta Where she proving the mother of two sonnes was according to the Law buried quick and her children by the cruel Tyrant cast out to be devoured of wild Beasts They were found by Faustulus the Kings Shepheard nurst by his Wife for her infamous life called Lupa whence came the Fable that they were suckled by a Wolf and being grown to mans estate slew the Tyrant Amulius placing their Grandfather Numitor in the Royall Throne whom not long after they deprived both of life and kingdom Of these the eldest was named Romulus and the younger Rhemus who leaving Alba to the short possession of their Grandfather Numitor layd the foundation of the most famous City of Rome which Romulus first hanselled with the blood of his Brother Rhemus who had disdainfully leapt over the walls of his new City This City he made an Asylum or place of Refuge for all commers of what desperate estate soever and having ranked them into order made himself their King A people of so base a nature that their neighbours refused to give them any of their daughters in mariage So they were destitute of Wives and consequently not like to continue a people long till on a proclamation made of some plaies and pastimes many of the Sabine women flocked thither to behold the sports whom the Romans seized on and forced an unwilling consent from them to become their Wives From such a base and low beginning did this City rise to be the Empress of the World The Kings of Rome 1 Romulus the founder of Rome He made peace with Tatius King of the Sabines comming against him to revenge the ravishment of their women incorporating him and his into his new Citie and by that means adding thereto a fair and goodly Territory 37. 2 Numa the first Author of the Roman Ceremonies 43. 3 Tullus Hostilius who enlarged the borders of Rome by the conquest of Alba the mother-Citie of the Latins and vanquished the Fidenates 32. 4 Ancus Martius who built Ostia on the mouth of Tiber to be an Haven to the City 5 Tarquinius Priscus who subdued many of the Tuscan Nations encreased the number of the Tribes and Senators and added the triumphall ornaments 38. 6 Servius Tullus who first caused the people to be inrolled and brought into cense 44. 7 Tarquinius Superbus sonne to the former Tarquinius He vanquished the Gabiâ— and took the Towns of Ardea Ocriculum and Suessa Pometia but for his own insolent behaviour and a Rape committed on Lucretia the Wife of Collatine by his sonne Sextus he and his whole Race were driven out of the Town Anno Mund. 3457. V. C. 268. After this the Romans loathing the name of King caused two Officers to be chosen out of the Patricii or chief Citizens to whom they gave the name of Consuls à consulendo from counselling of and consulting the good of the Common-wealth ut consulere se suis civibus meminerint saith the Historian their name being a memento of their charge or duty And in this office they
Taracina in the place thereof seated upon a Mâ—â—ntain but neer the Sea which it 〈◊〉 like a Half Moon it is now called the Bay of Mola this City lying on the one horn thereof 〈◊〉 the very extremity of the Popes Dominions and that of Caseta on the other which is the first Port-Town of the Realm of Naples The Country hereabouts hath most pleasant Orchards of Citrons Oranges and Limons the Oranges having at the same time both ripe and green Fruits and represents a kind of Summer in the dead of Winter Such other things as are remarkable in this Campagna heretofore called Latium but more by what they have been than they are at the present are 1 Tusculum a village which belonged to Tullie who here composed his excellent Book called the Tusculan Questions 2 Formiae built by the Laconians heretofore the delight and solace of the antient Romans now visible only in its ruins 3 Prâ—vernum once the chief City of the Volsci and the seat of Camilla a noble Amazonian Lady who aided Turnus the Rutilian in his sharp war against Aeneas and the Troâ—ans where she lost her life 4 Circe an old City in the place whereof now stands S. Felix the habitation of Circe that so much celebrated Sorceress of whom and her chanting of Ulysses and his companions there is so much upon record in the antient Poets Neer to which is the head-land called the Circaean Promontory the repercussion of the Waves by whose Southern Basit makes a dreadfull noise and gave occasion to the fabulous inventions of the roaring of Lyons hoâ—ling of Dogs c. which were heard about that Witches dwelling But the great glory of Latium and indeed of Italie was that the famous City of Rome was seated in it being built on the East side of Tiber now much inlarged by the increase of 42 leâ—â—er streams or Rivers It is distant from the sea about 15 miles first built as Fryer Leander a great Italian Antiquary is of opinion by Roma Daughter or Wife to one of the Latin Kings But being forsaken and forlorn by reason of the unwholsom air comming from the Fens was rebuilt by Romulus much pleased with the naturall strength of the situation and therefore like to make a good town of war And this tradition I should rather subscribe unto than that it was called Rome from Romulus who had he pleased to challenge the honour to himself might better have caused it to be called Romulea of which name there was a Town among the Samnites than to call it Roma But whatsoever greatness it did after come to it was small enough God knows at first the City comprehending the Mount Palatine only and therefore not a mâ—le in compass the Territory not extending as Strabo witnesseth above six miles from the City and the Inhabitants thereof at the first generall Muster amounting at the most to 3300 men So inconsiderable they were as well in quality as numbers that their neighbours thought it a disparagement to bestow their daughters on them and therefore they were fain to get themselves wives by a slight of wit proclaming solemn Playes and Pastimes to be held in Rome and ravishing the women which came thither to behold the sports The Kings succeeding much enlarged it Mount Aventine and the hill Janiculum on the other side of the water being walled and added to it by Ancus Martius as Quirinalis Esquilinus and Viminalis were by Servius Tullus Capitolinus and Mount Coelius came not in till afterwards But at the last it was improved to such an height that in the flourishing times of that Commonwealth the men increased to the number of 463000 and the compass of the Town unto 50 miles there being on and about the walls 740 Turrets And in this number of 463000 men I reckon neither servants women nor children but men able to bear Arms Free Denizens and such as were inrolled into Cense or the Subsidie Books To which if we should adde their wives children and servants we cannot probably conjecture them to have been fewer than three or four Millions and so Lipsiâ—s is of opinion his Tract de Magnitudine Romana The most memorable buildings of it were 1 the Capitol founded by Tarquinius Superbus and beautified with the spoyles of their conquered Neighbours saved from the fury of the Galls by the cackling of Geese Tacitus calleth this house Sedem Jovis optimi maximi asupicatò à majoribus pignus imperii conditum It was twice burnt once in the Civill Wars of Sylla and Marius and again in the wars of Vespasian and Vâ—tellius In the third building of it Vespasian carried the first basket of earth after him the Nobility did the like to make the people more forward in the service and perhaps the custom of laying the first stone in a building or driving the first nayl in a timber-work by him whose edifice it is hath from hence if not beginning yet growth 2 Here was the Temple of Janus open in the time of wars and shut in the time of peace which during all their Monarchy hapned but thrice namely during the reign of Augustus after the Punick war and in the time of Numa 3 Here was the Bridge called Pons Sublicius on which Horatius Cocles resisted the whole Army of King Porsena Tarquin and the Tuscans till the Citizens behind had broken down the bridge received him swimming to the bank with joyfull acclamations and saved their City from present ruin Here lived the famous Warriers so much renowned in the stories of elder times here flourished the exact Martiall discipline so memorized by ancient Historiographers and finally here were layd up the spoyles and Tropheys of all Europe ROME as now it standeth lower on the bank of Tyber upon Campus Martius where it was built after the inundation of the Gothes and Vandals is in compass about eleven miles within which compass is not a little wast ground The Inhabitants of all sorts reckoned to amount to 200000 two parts whereof are Clergy-men and Courtiers that is to say such as have their dependance on the Court of Rome either by holding offices and places of employment under the Popes or by attending on his person or waiting on the Cardinals and eminent Prelates who are there abiding or otherwise being of the retinue of such Forein Ambassadors aâ— are alwaies commorant in the City to follow the Negotiations of their severall Masters all which must needs amount to a very great number It was first built on the East side of the River in the Territory of Latium but now there is little lest of the old City but the goodly ruins and here and there some Churches and scattered houses except it be a little on the North-East of the River from the Gate called Del Populo to the Iland of Tiber the rest especially towards the South being taken up with Pastures and sields of Corn. The main body of the City as now it stands is on the West side
of Lyons though not here a Native And as to Men of other Studies Ausonius the Poet Hottoman and Gotfredus the Civilians Duarenus the Canonist Barn Brissonius the great Antiquarie Isaac Casaubon that renâ—wned Philologer Budaeus that great Master of the Greek Language â—huanus the Historian Latrentius the Anatomist c. And as for Militarie men it hath been famous for the valour of Clovis the first Christian King of the French Charles Martell that stout Champion of the Church against the Saracens and Charles the great the Founder of the Western Empire In the middle times for Godfrey of Bovillon one of the Nine Worthies as they call them the sonne of Eustace Earl of Boulogn in Picardie and in these later dayes for King Henry the 4th Francis and Henry Dukes of Guise Charles Duke of Mayenne Charâ—es Duke of Biron c. The Laws of this Kingdom are either Temporary and alterable at pleasure or Fundamentall which neither King nor Parliament as they say can alter Of this last sort the principall are the Salique Law and the Law of Apennages By that of the Apennage the younger Sonnes of the King are not to have partage in the Kingdome with their Elder-Brother which Law was made by Charles the Great before whose time we find the Children of the Kings estated in their severall Thrones and the Realm parcelled out among them into many Kingdoms But by this Law they are to be entituled to some Dutchie or County though they are content sometimes with Annual pensions with all the rights and profits thereunto belonging all matters of Regality as Levying Taxes Coynage and the like excepted onely which upon the fayling of the masculine line doe return again unto the Crown The name thereof derived from Abannage a German word signifying a portion But the main Law they stand on is the Salique Law by which the Crown of France may not descend unto the Females or fall from the Lance to the Distaff as their saying is Which Law one undertaking to make good out of holy Writ urged that Text of St. Matthew where it is said Mark the Lillies which are the Arms of France and see how they neither Labour nor Spin. This they pretend to have been made by Pharamond the first King of the French and that the words Sialiqua so often used in it gave it the Name of the Salique Law But Haillan one of their best Writers affirms That it was never heard of in France till the time of Philip the Long Anno 1315. and that it could not possibly be made by Pharamond who though he was the first King of the French had not one foot of Land in France their third King Merovei being the first of those Kings which passed over the Rhene Others say it was made by Charles the Great after the Conquest of Germany where the incontient lives of the Women living about the River Sala in the modern Misnia gave both the occasion and the name De terra verò Salica nulla portio haereditatis muliâ—ri veniat sed ad virilem Sexum tota terrae haereditas perveniat are the words thereof This Terra Salica the learned Selden in his Vitles of Honour Englisheth Knights Fee or Land that is holden by Knights Service as our Lawyers call it and proveth his Interpretation by a Record of the Parliament of Bourdeaux cited by Bodinus where an old Will or Testament being once produced in which the Testator had bequeathed unto his Sonne all his Salique Land it was resolved by the Court that thereby was meant his Land holden in Knights Service And then the sense thereof must be that in Lands holden of the King by Knights Service or the like militarie tenure the Male Children should inherit onely because the Females could not perform those services for which those Lands were given and by which they were holden And for this there may be good reason though in England we deal not so unkindly with the Female Sex but permit them after the Age of 15 yeares to enjoy such Lands because they may then take such Husbands as are able to doe the King those services which the Law requireth But this Interpretation how good and genuine soever indeed it be cannot stand with the French Gloss For then the Crown being held of none but God and so not properly to be called a Fee or Feife could not be brought within the Compass of the Salique Law because not to be counted for Salique Land Give them therefore their own Gloss their own Etymologie and Originall and let us see by what right their Kings Daughters are excluded from their succession to the Diadem For first supposing that to be the Salique Land which lyeth about the River Sala in the modern Misnia I would fain know how it could reach unto the Kings Daughters in France so far distant from it or with what honesty they can lay on them the like brand of incontinencie as was supposed to have been found in those Women of Germanie And next supposing that the Law had been made by Pharamond I would fain learn how it can be applied to the Crown of France to which Pharamond had then no title nor so much as one foot of Land on that side of the Rhene And finally supposing that the Law was made in such generall terms as to extend to all the Countries which the French in time to come should conquer and consequently unto France when once conquered by them I would then ask Whether it did extend to the Crown alone or to all subordinate Estates which were holden of it If unto all Estates holden of that Crown I would fain know with what pretence they could give sentence in behalf of Charles of Blais against John de Montfoâ—t in the succession to the Dukedom of Bretague Charles of Blais clayming by his Mother the Neece of Arthur the second by his second Sonne Guy Whereas John de Montsort was the third Sonne and the next Heir-male of the said Duke Arthur If only to the Crown of France it would be known by what right they detain that Dukedom from the true Heirs of Anne the Dutchess whose Daughter and Heir the Lady Clande being maried unto Francis the first had issue Henry the second and other Children Which Henry besides Francis the second Charles the ninth Henry the third and Francis Duke of Anjou all dying without issue had a Daughter named Isabel or Elizabeth maried to Philip the second King of Spain by whom she was made the Mother of Isabella the late Archdutchess and of Katharine the Wife of Charls Emanuel the late Duke of Savoy Not to say any thing of the pretensions of the house of Lorrein descending from the Lady Clande the second Daughter of King Henry the second and Sister of Isabel or Elizabeth Queen of Spain Nor doe we find that the French so stand upon this Law as not to think that a Succession by and from the Females is in some cases their best
Title For thus we read That Pepin having thrust his Master Childerick into a Monastery to make good his Title to the Crown or some colour for it derived his Pedigree from Plythylda one of the Daughters of Clotaire the first maried to Anspert the Grandfather of that Arnulphus who was the first Mayer of the Palace of Pepins Family As also how Hugh Capet putting aside Charles of Lorrein the right Heir of this Pepin to make his Lawless Action the more seemingly Lawfull drew his descent from some of the heirs Generall of Charles the Great his Mother Adeltheid being the Daughter of the Emperour Henry the first surnamed the Fowler who was the Sonne of Otho Duke of Saxonie by Luitgardu the Daughter of the Emperour Arnulph the last Emperour of the Romans or Germans of the house of Charles And it is said of Lewis the ninth so renowned for Sanctitie amongst them that he never enjoyed the Crown with a quiet Conscience till it was proved unto him that by his Grandmother the Lady Isabel of Hainall he was descended from Hermingrade the Daughter of Charles of Lorrein Adde here that this supposed Salique Law not onely crosseth the received Laws of all Nations else which admit of Women to the succession in their Kingdoms where the Crown descends in a Succession and have a great respect both unto their persons and posterities in such Kingdoms also where the Kings are said to be Elective as in Poland Hungaria and Bohemia but that even France it self hath submitted to the imperious command of two Women of the Medices and at the present to the Government of a Spanish Princess So that it is evident that this Law by whomsoever made and how far soever it extended is of no such force but that the Labells of it may be easily cut in pecces by an English sword well whetted if there were no other bar to the title of England than the authoritie and antiquity of the Salique Law But for my part if it be lawfull for me to dispute this point I am not satisfied in the right of the English title supposing the Salique Law to be of no such force as the French pretended and measuring the succession in the Crown of France to be according to successions in the Realm of England on which King Edward the third seemed to ground his claim For if there were no Salique Law to exclude succession by the Females as the English did pretend there was not yet could not Edward comming from a Sister of the 3 last Kings which reigned successively before Philip of Valois against whom he claimed be served in course before the Daughters of those Kings or the Males at least descending of them had had their turns in the succession of that Kingdom Of the three Brethren two left issue viz. Lewis and Philip. Lewis surnamed Hutin Sonne of Philip the fair and Joan Queen of Navarre had a Daughter named Joan maried to Philip Earl of Eureux who was King of Navarre in right of his Wife from which mariage issued all the succeding Kings of that Realm the rights whereof are now in the house of Burbon Philip the second Brother surnamed the Long by Ioan the Daughter of Othelin Earl of Burgundie had a Daughter named Marguerite maried to Lewis Earl of Flanders from whom descended those great Princes of the race of Burgundiâ— the rights whereof are now in the house of Spain If then there were no Salique Law to exclude the Women and their Sonnes Charles King of Navarre the Sonne of Queen Joan and of Philip de Eureux descended from Lewis Hutin the Elder Brother and Lewis de Malaine Earl of Flanders and Burgundie the Sonne of Lewis Earl of Flanders and of Marguerite the Daughter of Philip the Long the Second Brother must have precedency of title before King Edward the third of England descended from a Sister of the said two Kings their issue severally and respectively before any claiming or descending from the said King Edward So that K. Edward the third had some other claim than what is commonly alleged for him in our English Histories or else he had no claim to that Crown at all and I conceive so wise a King would not have ventured on a business of so great consequence without some colourable Title though what this title was is not declared for ought I know by any Writers of our Nation I believe therefore that he went upon some other grounds than that of ordinary succession by the Law of England and claimed that Crown as the Eldest heir-male and neerest Kinsman to the last King For being Sisters sonne to the King deceased he was a degree neerer to him than either the King of Navarre or the Earl of Flanders who were the Grand-children of his Brethren and having priority of either in respect of age had a fair Title before either to the Crown of that Kingdom And on these grounds King Edward might the rather goe because he found it a ruled Case in the dispute about the succession in the Kingdom of Scotland For though King Edward the first measuring the order of succession by the Laws of England and perhaps willing to adjudge the Crown to one who should hold it of him gave sentence in behalf of Iohn Raliol the Grand-Child of the Eldest Daughter of the Earl of Huntingdon yet was this Sentence disavowed and protested against by the other Competitors Robert Bruce Sonne of the Second Daughter of the said Earl of Huntingdon as a degree neerer to the last King though descended from the Younger Sister not only though himself wronged in it but had the whole Scotish Nation for him to assert his right by whose unanimous consent his Sonne was called to the Government of the Realm of Scotland during the life of Baliol and his Patron both Proximitie in blood to the King deceased was measured by neerness of degrees not descent of Birth and on this Plea though different from the Laws of England as Bruce had formerly possessed himself of the Crown of Scotland so on the same though different from the Laws of Castile did Philip the second ground his claim to the Crown of Portugal For being Eldest Sonne of Mary the Sister of Henry the last King and this was just King Edwards Case to the Crown of France he thought himself to be preferred before the Prince of Parma and the Duke of Bragance descended from the Daughters of Edward the said Kings Brother because the Eldest Male of the Royal blood and neerer to the said King Henry by one degree In the pursuance of which title as Philip onenly avowed that the Laws of Portugall were more favourable to him than the Laws of Castile so in like case the Laws of France might be more favourable to King Edward than the Lawes of England In claims to Crowns the Rules if Regall Succession differ in many Countries and in few Countries are the same with that of the Succession into mean
Estates as may be proved by many particulars in the Realm of England in which the Law of the Crown differeth very much from the Law of the Land as in the Case of Parceners the whole blood as our Lawyers call it the Tenure by courtesie and some others were this a time and place fit for it But to return again to France whether the Salique Law were in force or not it made not much unto the prejudice of King Edward the third though it served Philip the Long to exclude the Daughter of King Lewis Hutin and Charles the fair to do the Like with the Daughter of Philip as it did Philip of Valoys to disposess the whole Linage of King Philip Le Bel. Machiavel accounteth this Salique Law to be a great happiness to the French Nation not so much in relation to the unfitness of Women to Govern for therein some of them have gon beyond most men but because thereby the Crown of France is not indangered to fall into the hands of strangers Such men consider not how great Dominions may by this means be incorporate to the Crown They remember not how Maud the Empress being maried to Geofrie Earl of Anjou Tourain and Mayenne conveyed those Countries to the Diadem of England nor what rich and fertile Provinces were added to Spain by the match of the Lady Ioan to Arch-duke Philip Neither do they see those great advantages of power and strength which England now enjoyeth by the conjunction of Scotland proceeding from a like mariage Yet there is a saying in Spain that as a man should desire to live in Italy because of the civility and ingenious natures of the People and to dye in Spain because there the Catholique Religion is so sincerely professed so he should wish to be born in France because of the Nobleness of that Nation which never had any King but of their own Country The chief enemies to the French have been the English and Spaniards The former had here great possessions divers times plagued them and took from them their Kingdom but being called home by civill dissentions lost all At their departure the French scoffingly asked an English Captain When they would return Who feelingly answered When your sins be greater than ours The Spaniards began but of late with them yet have they taken from them Navarre Naples and Millain they displanted them in Florida poisoned the Dolphin of Viennois as it was generally conceived murdered their Souldiers in cold blood being taken Prisoners in the Isles of Tercera and by their Faction raised even in France it self drave Henry the third out of Paris and most of his other Cities and at last caused him to be murdered by laques Clement a Dominican Frier The like they intended to his Successour King Henry the fourth whose coming to the Crown they opposed to their utmost power and held a tedious War against him Concerning which last War when they sided with the Duke of Mayenne and the rest of those Rebels which called themselves the Holy League of which the Duke of Guise was the Author against the two Kings Henry the third and fourth a French Gentleman made this excellent allusion For being asked the cause of these civill broiles he replyed they were Spania and Mania seeming by this answer to signifie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 penury and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 furie which are indeed the causes of all intestine tumults but covertly therein implying the King of Spain and the Duke of Mayenae In former times as we read in Cominaeus there were no Nations more friendly than these two the Kings of Castile and France being the neerest confederated Princes in Christendome For their league was between King and King Realm and Realm Subject and subject which they were all bound under great curses to keep inviolable But of late times especially since the beginning of the wars between Charles the fifth and Francis the first for the Dukedom of Millain there have not been greater animâ—sities nor more implacable enmities betwixt any Nations than betwixt France and Stain which seconded by the mutuall jealousies they have of each other and the diversitie of Constellations under which they live hath produced such dissimilitude betwixt them in all their wayes that there is not greater contrariety of temper carriage and affections betwixt any two Nations in the world than is between these Neighbours parted no otherwise from one another than by passable Hils First in the Actions of the Soul the one Active and Mercurial the other Speculative and Saturaine the one sociable and discoursive the other reserved and full of thought the one so open that you cannot hire him to keep a secret the other so close that all the Rhetorick in the world cannot get it out of him Next in their Fashion and Apparrell the French weares his hair long the Spaniard short the French goes thin and open to the very shirt as if there were continuall Summer the Spaniard so wrapt up and close as if all were Winter the French begins to button downward and the Spaniard upwards the last alwayes constant to his Fashion the first intent so much on nothing as on new Fancies of Apparrel Then for their Gate the French walk fast as if pursued on an Arrest the Spaniard slowly as if newly come out of a Quartane Ague the French goe up and dowu in clusters the Spaniards but by two and two at the most the French Lacqueys march in the Rere and the 〈◊〉 alwayes in the Van the French sings and danceth as he walks the streets the Spaniards in a grave and solemn posture as if he were going a Procession The like might be observed of their tune their speech and almost every passage in the life of Man For which I rather choose to refer the Reader to the ingenious James Howels book of Instructious for Travell than insist longer on it here Onely I adde that of the two so different humours that of the Spaniard seems to be the more approvable Insomuch as the Neapolitans Millanois and Sicilians who have had triall of both Nations choose rather to submit themselves to the proud and severe yoke of the Spaniards than the lusts and insolencies of the French not sufferable by men of even and wel-balanced spirits And possible enough it is that such of the Netherlands as have of late been wonne to the Crown of France will finde so little comfort in the change of their Masters as may confirm the residue to the Crown of Sâ—ain to which they naturally belong The chief Mountains of this Countrey next to the Pyrenees which part France from Spain the Jour or Jura which separates it from Savoy and Switzerland and the Vauge or Vogesus which divides it from Lorrein are those which Caesar calleth Gebenna Ptolomie Cimmeni being the same which separate Auvergae from Langucdoc called therefore the Mountains of Auvergn the onely ones of note which are peculiar to this Continent of France which for the
France and Lorrein and France it self distracted into many Soveraign Estates and Principalities 26. 841. 4 Charles II. surnamed Calvus or the Bald youngest Sonne of Lewis King of France and Emperour vanquished by Charles the Grosse in the War of Italie 38. 879. 5 Lewis II. surnamed Balbus or the Stammering Sonne of Charles the Bald King of France and Emperour 881. 6 Lewis III. with Caroloman his Brother the base Sonnes of Lewis the Stammering Usurpers of the Throne in the infancy of Charles the Simple 886. 7 Charles III. surnamed Crassus or the Grosse King of Germany and Emperour called into France and elected King during the Minority of Charles the Simple 5. 891. 8 Odo or Eudes Sonne of Robert Earl of Anjou of the race of Witikindus the last King of the Saxons elected by an opposite Faction outed Charles the Gâ—osse 9. 900. 9 Charles IV. surnamed Simplex or the Simple the Posthumus Sonne of Lewis the Stammerer restored unto the Throne of his Fathers which after many troubles raised against him by Robert the 2d Earl of Anjou whom he slew in battel he was forced to resigne 27. 927. 10 Rodolph of Burgundie Sonne of Richard Duke of Burgundie the Brother of Eudes succeeded on the resignation of Charles the Simple 2. 929. 11 Lewis IV. surnamed Transmarine in regard that during his Fathers Troubles he had lived in England restored unto the Regal Throne on the death of Rodolph opposed therein by Hugh Earl of Paris and Anjou the Nephew of King Eudes by his Brother Robert before mentioned 958. 12 Lotharius Sonne of Lewis the 4th disturbed in his possession by Hugh Capet the eldest Sonne of the said Hugh on the pretensions of that house by which at last he got the Kingdom 987. 13 Lewis V. Sonne of Lotharius the last King of the House of Charles the Great After whose death being King onely for a yeer the Crown was seized on by Hugh Capet Charles Duke of Lorreine Brother of Lotharius and Uncle unto Lewis the fift being pretermitted And now we are come to the present race of the Kings of France founded in Hugh Capet so called from the greatness of his head Sonne of Hugh the great Earl of Paris and Anjou and Grandchild of Robert the second Earl of Anjou Which Robert was the Brother of Eâ—des and Cousin German of Rodolph Kings of France Who partly by his own wits but chiefly by the weakness of the mungrel Issue of Charles the Great having got the Diadem transmitted it unto his Posterity the Crown descending in a direct line from Father to Sonne till the death of Lewis the 10th surnamed Hutin But here we are to understand that the Realm of France was at that time shut up within narrower bounds than it is at the present the large and rich Countries of Champagne Normandie Bretagne Anjou Poictou Languedoc and the great Dukedom of Aquitain besides those Provinces which constituted and made up the Kingdom of Burgundie being aliened and dismembred from it How they became reduced to the Crown again will be discerned in the ensuing History and Succession of The third Race of the Kings of France of the Capetine or Saxon Line 988. 1 Hugh Capet of whom sufficiently before 9. 997. 2. Robert the Sonne of Hugh Capet Duke of Burgundie also 34. 1031. 3 Henry the eldest Sonne of Robert his younger Brother Robert being setled in the Dukedom of Burgundie 39. 1061. 4 Philip the Sonne of Henry who added Berry to the Crown 49. 1110. 5 Lewis VI. Sonne of Philip surnamed the Grosse 28. 1138. 6 Lewis VII Sonne of Lewis the sixt an Adventurer in the War of the Holy Land as also did his Sonne and successour 1181. 7 Philip II. surnamed Augustus by whom Normandy Aquitain Anjou with their severall Appendixes were taken from King Iohn of England 43. 1224. 8 Lewis VIII Sonne of Philip Augustus 3. 1227. 9 Lewis IX surnamed the Saint renowned for his Wars in Egypt and the Holy-Land He restored Guienne to the English and added the Earldoms of Tholouse and Mascon to the Crown of France 44. 1271. 10 Philip III. Sonne of Lewis 15. 1286. 11 Philip IV. surnamed the Fair King also of Navarre in the right of the Lady Ioan his Wife 28. 1314. 12 Lewis X. surnamed Hutin King of Navarre in right of his Mother whom he succeded in that Kingdom Anno 1305. After whose death the Kingdom of France was to have descended on Ioan his Daughter 2. 1315. 13 Philip V. called the Long Brother of Lewis Hutin partly by threats promises and other practices caused a Law to pass to which he gave the name of the Sal que Law for disabling Women from the succession to the Crown and thereby quite excluded his Brothers Daughter served in the same kind himself by his Brother Charles who following his example excluded on the same pretence his Neeces Joan and Margares the Daughters of Philip. 5. 1320. 14 Charles IV. but in true accompt the fifth of that name most commonly called Charles the Fair Brother of Philip and Lewis the two last Kings After whose death began the Wars of the English for the Crown of France challenged by King Edward the 3d. as Sonne and Heir of Isabel the Daughter of King Philip the Fair and Sister to the 3 last Kings 7. 1328. 15 Philip VI. surnamed de Valois Son of Charles Earl of Valois the second Sonne of King Philip the third and Vncle to the three last Kings succeeded under colour of the Salique Law of which Charles it is said that he was Sonne to a King Brother to a King Vncle to a King and Father to a King yet himself was no King In this Kings dayes was fought the famous Battle of Crecie Anno 1343. in which the French Army consisted of about 70000 Souldiers the English of 11800 only yet the victory fell unto the English by whose valour fell that day Iohn King of Bohemia 11 Princes 80 Barons 120 Knights and 30000 of the common Souldiers He added unto his Estates the County Palatine of Champagne the Country of Daulphine and the Citie and Earldom of Montpelier 22. 1350 16 Iohn the Sonne of Philip de Valois in whose reign was fought the battel of Poictiers wherein Edward the black prince so called for his black acts upon the French with an handfull of wearied Souldiers but 8000 in all overcame the French army consisting of 40000 men of which they slew besides the Nobles 10000 of the common Souldiers and took prisoners King John himself and Philip his Sonne 70 Earls 50 Barons and 12000 Gentlemen 14. 1364. 17 Charles V. the Sonne of Iohn recovered all those peeces except only Calice which the English had before gotten from his Father and Grandfather He is called commonly Charles the Wise but Lewis the 11th would by no means allow him that attribute affirming that it was but a foolish part to give his younger Brother Philip the Dukedom of Burgundy and withall the Heir of Flanders to wife
worship there a peece of the holy Cross as it was supposed which supposition as it drew much wealth unto the Town so it obtained the rights of a County Palaâ—â—e for the County also 5 Thurles in the same Countie which gives the title of a Vicount to the Earls of â—rmona but not else observable 6 Waterford on the River Showre a well-traded Port a Bishops See and the second Citie of the Kingdom Of great fidelity to the English since the conquest of Ireland and for that cause endowed with many ample privileges First built by some Norwegian Pirates who though they fixed it in one of the most barren parts and most foggie air of all the Country yet they made choice of such a safe and commodious site for the use of shipping that of a nest of Pirats it was eftsoons made a Receipt for Merchants and suddenly grew up to great wealth and power 6 Cork by the Latines called Corcagia the principall of that Countie and a Bishops See well walled and fitted with a very commodious Haven consisting chiefly of one Street reaching out in length inhabited by a civill wealthy and industrious people 7 Dunk-Eran an old Episcopall See supposed by some to be the Ivernis of Ptolomie but not else observable 8 Kinsale upon the mouth of the River Rany a commodious Port opposite to the Coasts of Spain and fortified in Tir-Oens Rebellion by a Spanish Garrison under the command of Don Iohn de Aquilar ' but soon recovered after the defeat of that Grand Rebel neer the Walls hereof by the valour and indefatigable industrie of Charles Lord Mountjoy the then Lord Deputy of this Kingdom 9 Baltimore 10 Youghall and 11 Bere-haviâ—â— all upon the Sea and all provided of safe Roads or convenient Havens 12 Lâ—smore of old a Bishops See now annexed to Waterford in which shire it standeth Nothing in point of storie singular which concerns this Province but that it was so carefully looked to by the Kings of England that there was appointed over it a peculiar Officer in the reign of Queen Elizabeth in power and place next to the Deputie himself called the Lord President of Mounster by whose vigilancie there have hapned fewer Rebellions here than in any Province of this Iland The antient Inhabitants of this Iland being originally Britans as before is said were in the time of Ptolomic distinguished into the Nations of the Rhobognii Darmi Volnntii Venâ—cniâ— and Erdini possessing the Northern parts now Vlster the Anteri Gangani and Nagnatae inhabiting Connaught the Velibori Vterni Vodii and Coriondi in the South now Mounster and the Menapii Cauci Blanii Brigantes taking up the Provinces of Meth and Leinster Principall Cities of the which were Eblana now Dublin Menapia now Waterford Nagnata which Ptolomie honoureth with the title of Vrbs insignis Rhigia Rheba Macolicum Laberus Ivernis c. not easily discernable by what names we may call them now this Countrie never being so happy as to come under the power of the Romans the great Masters of Civilitie and good Letters in the West of Europe and by that means the Actions and affairs thereof buried in ignorance and silence Towards the falling of which Empire we find the Nation of the Scots to be seated here and from hence first to take possession of the Hebrides or Western Isles next of the Western part of Britain on the the NOrth of Solway Afterwards some of the Saxon Monarchs cast their eyes upon it and made themselves masters of Dublin and some other places but being encumbred with the Danes could not hold them long being hardly able to defend their own against that people The next that undertook the conquest were the Northern Nations Danes Swedes and Normans all passing in the Chronicles of that time under the name of Norwegians who first onely scowred along the Coasts in the way of Piracie But after finding the weakness of the Iland divided amongst many petit and inconsiderable Princes they made an absolute conquest of it under the conduct of Turgesius whom they elected for their King soon rooted out by the Policie of the King of Meth the only Irish Prince who was in favour with the Tyrant This petit King by name Omo-Caghlen had a Daughter of renowned beautie whom Turgesius demanded of her Father to serve his lusts and he seeming willing to condescend to the motion as if honoured by it made answer That besides his Daughter he had at his disposing many others of more exquisite beauties which should all be readie at command Turgesius swallowing this bait desired him with all speed to effect this meeting But the King of Meth attiring in the habits of Women a company of young Gentlemen who durst for the common liberty adventure their severall lives conducted them to the Tyrants Bed-chamber And they according to the directions given them when for that little modesty sake he had in him he had commanded all his attendants to avoid the room assaulted him now ready for and expecting more kind embraces and left him dead in the place The Methian King had by this time acquainted divers of the better sort with his plot all which upon a signe given rush into the Palace and put to death all the Norwegians and other attendants of the Tyrant After this the Roytelets enjoyed their former Dominions till the yeer 1172 in which Dermot Mac Morogh King of Leinster having forced the Wife of Maurice O Rork King of Meth and being by him driven out of his Kingdom came to the Court of England for succour To this Petition Henry the second then King condescended sending him ayd under the leading of Richard de Clare surnamed Sâ—rongbow Earl of Pembroke who restored King Dermot and brought a great part of the Iland under the English subjection John King of England was the first who was entituled Lord of Ireland which stile was granted him by Pope Urban the 3d who for the ornament of his royaltie sent him a plume of Pcacock Feathers and when Tir-Oen stiled himself Defender of the Irish Libertie he was by Clement the 8 honored with a like plume But here we are to understand that though the Kings of England used no other title than Lords of Ireland yet were they Kings thereof in effect and power Lords Paramount as we use to say And though themselves retained only the name of Lords yet one of them gave to one of his English Subjects the honourable but invidious title of Duke of Ireland And they retained this title of Lords till the yeer 1542 in which Henry the 8th in an Irish Parliament was declared K. of Ireland as a name more sacred and repleat with Majestie than that of Lord at which time also he was declared to be the Supreme Head under God of the Church of Ireland and the pretended jurisdiction of all forein Powers especially the usurped Autoritie of the Pope of 〈◊〉 renownced by Law though still acknowledged by too many of this it perstitious
and crushed the Grecians beginning then to cast off the yoke of Macedon 12. 3745 10 Philip the son of Demetrius 42. 3787 11 Perjeus the son of Philip the last King of Macedon the subversion of which estate was first begun in the time of his Father who had not onely warred upon the Aetolians and others of the Greekes whom the Romans had taken into their protection but fided with Hannibal against them Upon which grounds they sent first Titus Qu. Flaminius one of their Consuls by whom Philip was vanquished at the battell of Cukos-cephalos and his Kingdome made tributary unto Rome After which picking a quarrell against Perseus also managed with variable successe by Licinius Martius and others of their Commanders they dispatched Paulus Aemilius with an Army into Macedon to bring him to absolute subjection Who sped so well that Macedon was made a Province of the Roman Empire and Perseus led captive unto Rome anno 3789. In which triumph besides the pomp of leading a Captive King in bonds Aemilius caused the ready money which he brought out of Greece to be carryed in 750 Vessels every vessell containing 3 Talents which made so infinite a summe that the Roman people were free for many years after from all taxes and impositions 3798 Macedon thus made a Province of the Roman Empire and afterwards divided into three parts or Provinces that is to say Macedonia Prima Macedonia Secunda or Salutaris and Prevalitana in the new modell of Constâ—â—â—ne became a Diocese the Diocese hereof containing the Provinces of Crete Achaia old and now Fpirus Macedonia Prima and the greatest part of Salutaris the residue of Salutaris and Prevalitana which makes up the Countrey now called Albania being laid to the Diocese of Dacia It continued part of the Eastern Empire till towards the last fatall dissolution of it though many times harassed and depopulated by the Sclavonians Bulgarians Rosses and others of the barbarous people at their severall invasions of it finally conquered by the Turkes first under the conduct of Bajazet their fourth king taking Nicopolis a town hereof bordering on Thrace and lying North of Sinus Strimenius now the Bay of Contesso and after under Amurath the second their fixt King making themselves masters of The ssalonica the chief City of it and therewith of all the countrey By reason of which many invasions and last desolation by the Turkes there is scarse one of all those many Cities before mentioned now of any eminence except Thessalonica onely the rest being miserably destroyed And for the Countrey it selfe it is governed by a Turkish Sanziack under the Beglerbeg of Greece his annual Revenew being but 8000 Crownes nor any thing else required of him then to maintaine 100 horse in ordinary pay for defence of his Province and to finde 400 Horse on extraordinary occasions as the Grand Signeur shall command him 7 THRACE THRACE hath on the East Pontus Euxinus Propontis and Hellespont on the West Macedon on the North the hill Hoemus on the South the Aegoean Sea and part of Macedon A very large and goodly Province extending 20 dayes journey in length 7 dayes journey in breadth and in relation to the heavens reaching unto the 44 degree of Northern latitude so that the longest day in summer is about 15 houres three quarters By severall men according to the times they lived in it hath been called by divers names by Stephanus Aria by Suidas Odryss by Lycephron Crestona by some writers Scythia by Josephus the Hebrew Thyras But generally it is called Thrace or Thracia and that as some say from Thrax the son of Mars as others from Thraca an Inchantresse more probably from the serity and barbarous condition of the first Inhabitants the name in the Originall Greek bearing that construction most likely from Thyras the son of Japbet who first planted here in memory of whom it did retaine the name of Thyras in the time of Josephus besides many other footsteps and remembrances of him in the name of many of their townes and some of their Princes of which we have already spoken in our generall Preface Finally by the Turkes it is called Romania either from the many Roman Colonies which were planted here or because Constantinople the chief City of it was antiently called Nova Roma and by that name it is now called in most modern Writers The Countrey generally is neither of a rich soyle nor a pleasant air the corn and other fruites by reason of the coldnesse of the Climate leisurely ripening the Vines yeelding more shade then juice and the trees for the most part more leaves then fruit yet in some parts there be many large and goodly plaines where they reape good store of corn but of Pulse especially and towards the Sea-side they have plenty of wine which Pliny much commended both for strength and goodnesse The people antiently were very bold and valiant and called by some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because every man was a law to himselfe So that it was truly said by Herodotus that if they had either beene all of one minde or under one King they had been invincible Of manners they were rude and savage somewhat neer to bruâ—ishnesse buying their wives and selling both their sonnes and daughters as in open market in which since imitated by the Turkes who possesse their Countrey The men were more courageous then comely wearing cloathes according to their conditions ragged and unseemly The marryed women were in love to their husbands so constant that they willingly sacrificed themselves at their funerals The Virgins were bestowed not by their own parents but the common Fathers of their Cities Such as brought neither beauty nor vertue for their dowry were put off according to their money most times sold as other cattell in the markets In matters of Religion they worshipped Mars Bacchus Diana Mercury as did other Gentiles swearing especially by the first from whom they bragged themselves to have been descended But their chiefe nationall deity was one Zamolxis sometimes a native of this Countrey who having been brought up under Pythogoras and returning home prescribed then good and wholesome Laws assuring them that if they did observe the same they should goe unto a place when they left this world in which they should enjoy all manner of pleasure and contentment By this means having gotten some opinion of adivinity amongst them he absented himselfe after was worshipped as their God Upon these principles when any one was born amongst them his Parents and other friends sitting round about him lamented bitterly his coming into the world ripping up all the miseries and afflictions whereto he was to be exposed in this present life and so deplored his condition as absolutely miserable and unhappy But on the contrary when any one chanced to dye they buryed him with all joy and alacrity highly rejoycing that by this means he was freed from the crosses and dysasters of this wretched World Expressed thus briefly after his
and preaching often honoured and one of the principal of the Decapolitans Some marks of its former greatness it retained when Saint Hierome lived who confesseth it to be a Town of some good capacity but so decaied in the time of Breâ—denbeck and brochardus that it consisted but of six poor Fishermens houses 3. Hamath so called from Hamaâ—â—â— the Sonne of Canaan planted in these parts a Town of such esteem in the elder times that it was rekoned one of the Gates of the Land of Canaan and therefore called in Scripture introitum Hamath or the entrance of Hamath as Num. 34. 8. Jos 13. 5. Judg. 3. 3. c. Mistaken by Saint Hierome for another of the same name in Syria by the Greeks and Romans after them called Epiphania And in this I say he is mistaken Epiphania being placed by Ptolomy two degrees more Eastward than Caesarea Philippi the most Eastern City of all Galilee and two degrees more North than that though the most Northern City of all Palestine The ground of this mistake we have seen before Won by the Syrians of Damascus it was again recovered to the Crown of Israel by Jeroboam the second the Son of Joas and after added by the Romans as were Scythopolis Pella Gadara and some other of the Cities of this tract unto Coele-Syria 4 Kadesh to difference it from others of the same name called Kaâ—â—â— Naphthalim high-seated on the top of an hill as is said Jos 20. 7. the King whereof being taken and slain by Iosuah it was made one of the Cities of Refuge and given to the Levites Most memorable for the birth of Barac who discomsited Sisera Lieutenant of the host of Jabin before mentioned in the infancy of the Jewish State one of the ten Cities of Decapolis in the time of the Romans and an Episcopal See in the first ages of Christianity 5. Riblah watered with the Fountain of Daphnis a little Riveret which hereabouts falleth into Jordan to which City as some say but I think erroniously Zedechias the unfortunate King of the Iews was brought Prisoner unto Nebuchadnezzar who caused his Children to be slain before his face and then put out his eyes But this I look on as an Errour in them that say it the scaene of this sad Tragedy being by Iosephus laid in Reblatha or Riblah a City of Syria the same which in succeeding times had the name of Antioch And certainly Iosephus who for so long was Governour of both the Galilees cannot be conceived to be so ignorant of the State of this Province as to transferre that bloody execution to a City of Syria if it had been acted in this Countrey Nor can I think that this Riblah none of the greatest Towns in the Tribe of Naphthali should be capable of the Court and train of that mighty Monarch especially for so long a time as he is said to have attended in that place the success of his forces then before Hierusalem and the disposal of the State when the Town was taken 6. Saphet another of the Decapolitan Cities strongly if not impregnably seated one of the strongest Fortresses of the Western Christians as it was after their expulsion of the Turks and Saracens who from hence wasted and subdued all the neighbouring Countrey as far as to the very Sea The onely place not of this Countrey onely but of all the East in which the Iews who possessed a third part of this Town have any shew or shadow of a Common-wealth 7. Bethsemes mentioned Ios 15. 38. made tributary unto those of this Tribe though otherwise possessed by the Canaanites who held out against them 8. Carthan or Kiriaitham situate neer the mountain which in following times was called Moas Christi because much freqvented by our Saviour who here made choice of his Apostles as is said Mark 3. 13 and where he also made that Divine Sermon recited in the 5 6 7. Chapters of Saint Matthews Gospel 9. Masoloth a place of great strength but forced by Baccludes Generall of the Armies of the Kings of Syria in the time of the Maccabees 10. Cinnereth a strong City after called Gennesareth whence the Lake or Sea of Tiberias neighbouring neer unto it is sometimes called the Lake of Gennesareth as Luke 5. 1. c. 2. The Tribe of A SER was so called from Aser the 8. Sonne of Iacob begotten on Zilphah the hand-maid of Leah of whom at their first muster when they came out of Egypt were found 41500 persons able to bear Armes all above 20. years of Age and at the second muster when they entred the Land of Canaan 53400 fighting men of the new increase The portion of the land allotted for their habitation was plentifull in wine oyl and wheat with great store of Balsam extending from the coast of Sidon to Ptolemais 30 miles in length and from the Mediterranean Eastward to the Tribe of Napththali some twelve miles in breadth And though they never were of power to reduce the maritime Cities of Ptolemais Tyre Sarepta and Sidon under their command yet had they in this narrow compasse many beautiful Cities and Towns of note which they were quietly possessed of till their subjugation by the Kings of Assyria The principal of those and others which have since been founded 1. Aphek memorable for the great slaughter there made of the Syrians when besieged by Benhadad of whom 100000. were slain by the Israe it es under the leading of Ahab and 27000 killed by the fall of the wall 2. Gabalâ— mentioned by Ptolomy amongst the mid-land Cities of Phoenicia but belonging properly to this Tribe one of those twenty which were offered by Sâ—lomon unto Hiram and upon his refusal peopled by the Israelites Fallen to decay it was afterwards re-built and strongly fortified by Herod the Great 3. Giâ—â—ala a Town of great strength and consequence the birth-place of Iohn or Iehochaman one of the three seditious â—â— Hierusalem when besieged by Titus where he did more mischief than the enemy Attempting to betray this City to the power of the Romans he gave the Tyrians an opportunity to be Masters of it by whom it was burnt unto the ground But being re-built by the Authority of Iosephus then Governour of Galilee for the Iews it was afterwards yielded to Titus upon composition 4. Cana for distinction sake called Cana-Ma or to difference it from another of that name in the Lower Galilee assumed for the dwelling of that woman whose daughter Christ delivered of an evil Spirit called by Saint Mathew a woman of Canaan cap. 15. a Syro-Phoenician by Saint Mark chap. 7. the Syro-Phoenicians of this Tract being originally of the race of Canaan as was said before 5. Hetâ—lan or Châ—â—â—lan the furthest City of the North as 6. Messal or Masheal to the South of the Tribe of Aser Of later date there are 7. Thoron a strong piece built by the Christians on the hills neer Tyre to â—â—â—der the excursions of the Turks when they held
and the Stars their children ascribing to each of them divine honours to the Sun especially whom they salute at his first rising with great Reverence saying certain verses Their publicke businesses are treated of commonly in the night at which time the Counsellers of State meet and ascend some tree viewing the Heavens till the Moon rise and then go to the Senate-house The same Apparell generally of both Religions but thin by reason of the great heat of the Air a shirt of Silk or of Calicut or some such slight stuff worn more for modesty than for warmth Chief Towns hereof 1. Borneo situate in the North-west part of the Iland neer a goodly bay but in the middle of the Fens like the City of Venice and seated as that is on Piles the building sumptuous of hewed stone covered with the leaves of the Coâ—â—-tree The Town so large as to contain 25000 Houses in the smallest reckoning the principal of all the Iland which takes name from hence 2. Cabura 3. Taiaopura 4. Tamaoratas 5. Malano all of them noted for fair Cities or commodious Havens 6. Sagadana a Factory of English 7. Lavi on a large Bay in the South-East part of the Iland the ordinary Seat of the King of Laus 8. Paro on another capacious Bay not farre from Lavi and directly opposite to Borneo that being seated on the North-west and this on the South-East of the Iland Betwixt these two Kings is the whole divided but so that he of Borneo hath the greatest part of it and therefore keeps the greater State not to be spoken with but by the mouth of some of his own Interpreters and in his Palace served by no other Attendants than Maids or Women 7. JAVA OPposite to Borneo towards the South lie the Isles of JAVA two in number both situate South of the Aequator both of great Circumference and commonly distinguished into Major and Minor or the Greater and the Lesser Java 1. JAVA-MAJOR the more North-ward of the two and by much the bigger is said to be in compass 3000 miles and that by them who elsewhere reckon Borneo for the biggest of these Seas But the truth is that the South-parts of this Iland not being perfectly discovered make the ameasurement thereof to be very uncertain Conceived most probably to be the Jabadiu of Ptolomy the most Northern part whereof is placed by him in the 8th Degree of Southern Latitude said by him to afford much gold and silver to be exceeding fruitfull of all other necessaries and finally that the name did signifie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Iland of Barley All which agreeth punctually with the present Iland the word Jabad signifying a kind of grain much like our Barley and Diu in the Persian and Indian tongues signifying an Iland And so in Jabadiu we have found the Iland of Iava the mutation of B. into V. being very ordinary Then for the riches and fertility of it it is said to yield great plenty of fruits and com but of Rice especially flesh of all sorts salted and sent from hence into other Countries great store of fowl both wild and tame plenty of gold some precious Stones and the best kind of brass silks in abundance and great quantities of pepper ginger Cinnamon and some other spices In a word so befriended by the bounty of nature that Scaliger calleth it Epitome Mundi or the whole World contracted in a lesser Volume But withall it is much exposed unto storms and tempests from which seldome free The people of a midle Stature corpulent and of broad faces most of them naked or covered onely with a slight silken stuff and that no lower than the knee accompted the most Civill people of all the Indians as fetching their descent from China but withall treacherous very proud much given to lying and very careless of their words to which so used that they count it not amongst their Faults And therefore when a king of theirs had broke promise with the Hollanders and was challenged for it he answered that his tongue was not made of bone Cruel they are also said to be and implacable if once offended accustomed of old to eat the bodies of their friends accounting no buriall so honourable nor obsequy so applausive This also a custome amongst many of the rest of the Indians and so hath been ever since the beginning of the Persian Monarchy Herodoius reporteth how Darius Hystaspis understanding of this custome and withall knowing how the Grecians use to burn their dead sent to the Greeks that it was his pleasure they should eat the bodies of their dead But they used all means of perswasion and entreaty not to be forced to so bruitish and barbarous a custome Then commanded he the Indians to conform themselves to the fashion of the Graecians but they all more abhorred to burn the dead than the Greeks did to eat them So impossible is it for a custome either to be suddenly left off or to seem undecent and inconvenient if once thorowly settled In matter of Religion they are all Mahometans or Gentiles according to the fancy of their severall Kings whereof in this Iland there are very many one for every great Tribe or more powerfull Family Zealous in their Religion which soever it be as appears by the sad story of the daughter of the King of Ballambua murdered by her husband the King of Passarva the second night after her wedding with all her Attendants because they would not be Mahometans which was his Religion Yet in some common Principles they agree well enough punishing Adulery with death in which case the woman chooseth her neerest kinsman for her Executioner but otherwise spending day and night in much sloth and dalliance Of the two Gentilism is the moâ—e diffused because most antient the Sect of Mahomet not being introduced till the year 1560. though of a very swift growth and of a great increase for so short a time Their chief Towns 1. Paâ—aruaan neer a burning hill which in the year 1586. break forth exceedingly oppressed infinite numbers of men and cast great stones into the City for three dayes together 2. â—â—ctam a Town of 1000 Housholds the Inhabitants whereof are Gentiles and have their Temples in the Woods the Chief-Priest of whose superstition hath his dwelling here of great authority and power over all the Iland 3. Ballambua 4. Passarva 5. Taban 6. Matara 7. Daumâ— 8. Taggal 9. Surrabaia 10. Catabaon the Seats of so many of their Kings some of them also furnished of convenient Havens 11 BANIAM the seat also of a King but of most trade in all the Iland seldome without the company of English Portugals and Hollanders the principall Factory of the English in all the Indies though they have many besides this The Town unwholesomely seated in a moorish ground and much subject to fire 12. Sundâ— situate in a place abounding in pepper 13. Agracan a convenient Port Here was also in the time of Ptolomy
therefore never give their daughters to any unless he be well skilled in that game also The Women are here very chast and so well love their husbands that if at any time they chance to be slain the widows will neither marry nor eat flesh till the death of their husbands be revenged They both dance much and for more nimbleness sometimes stark naked The Sea upon the Coasts so shallow and so full of sands that it is very ill failing all along these shores The towns or habitations rather so differently called by the French Portugals and Spaniard that there is not much certainty known of them Yet most have formerly agreed upon Norumbegua or Arampec as the Natives call it said to be a large populous and well-built town and to be situate on a fair and capacious River of the same name also But later Observations tell us there is no such matter that the River which the first Relations did intend is called Pemtegonet neither large nor pleasant and that the place by them meant is called Agguncia so far from being a fair City that there are only a few sheds or Cabins covered with the barks of trees or the skins of beasts Howsoever I have let it stand on the first reports it being possible enough that the Town might fall into decay deserted on the coming of so many several Pretenders and that the Sheds or Cabins which the last men speak of may be only the remainders of it 4. Adjoyning to these Countries of Canada are several Ilands not joyned in any common name but yet deserving some consideration in this place and time The principal whereof 1 NATISCOTEC called the Isle of Assumption situate in the very mouth of the River was first discovered by Jaques Carher An. 1534. in length 35 Leagues seven or eight in breadth The Iland very plain and level of a fruitful soil beautified with Trees of several sorts replenished with great plenty both of Fowl and Fish and furnished with convenient Rodes though with no good Havens Not hitherto inhabited for ought I can find 2 RAMEAE a frie of little Ilands in the great Golf of S. Lawrence on the South of Natiscotec first found out or frequented by the Citizens of S. Malo in Bretagne An. 1590. of great resort for the Morse-fishing used upon the Coasts which is here so gainfull that a French Bark in a very little time killed 1500 of them These Morses take this by the way are a kinde of Sea-Horses or Sea-Oxen with two teeth of a foot long growing downwards out of the upper Jaw sold dearer then Ivory because esteemed a Soveraign Antidote against poisons They have also four feet no ears the horns about half an ell in length the skin when dressed twice as thick as that of a Bull their flesh when young as sweet and tender as a Veal So fat and unctuous that with the bellies of five of them there is made usually an Hogs-head of Train-oil as good as that of the Whale 3. BRION a small Iland on the South of the Rameae about two Leagues in length and as many in breadth of a rich soil fat pasturage well shaded with tall and lofty trees and neighboured by a smaller Iland called Isle Blanche of the like fertility 4. BRITON Insula Britonum so named from Jaques Breton a Frenchman in the time of Francis the first called also the Iland of S. Lawrence is situate on the South east of the Isle of Brion in form triangular in compass about 80 Leagues pleasant and fruitfull though for the most part swelled with hils Destitute of Rivers but interlaced with great Arms of the Sea well stored with shell-fish and in the midst thereof a great Lake full of little Ilands the Woods replenished with plenty of Deer black Foxes and a Bird called Pengwin Inhabited by the Natives only though the Portugals did sometimes endeavour a Plantation in it but finding the Aire too cold for them they again deserted it The chief Hauen is by the English called Newport by the French Port aux Anglois from the great resort of the English to it in regard of their fishing 5. ISLE DE SABLE by the French so called from the sands which lie high about it distant from the Breton Isle about 30 Leagues to the South 15 Leagues in compass but more long then broad and of unsafe Landing The planting of it in regard of the safety of the place attempted twice by the French and once by the Portugals but without success 6. Others of less note as Menego and Les Isles des Oiseaux I pass over purposely there being nothing or but little to be spoken of them So it appears by this Accompt that though the French have given the name of Nova Francia to all these Countries yet they never had the honour of the first discoverie wherein the English and the Portugueze had precedency of them nor are possessed of any considerable part thereof the Scots putting in for a large share the English Masters of the best Ports and all the Inlands of the Country in the hands of the Salvages Of these some great and powerfull Nations over-sway the rest the chief whereof are the Yroquois on the North-east of Norumbegua neighboured by the Ochataignins the Alboumequins and the Nebicerines the Souriquois and Etechimins of Accadie and new Alexandria the Montagnets and the Attogovantans on the banks of the Canada All of them stout and hardy people false of their words treacherous in their practises and merciless in their revenges So well acquainted with the factions and divisions of Europe that they know how to make use of one Nation against another and by that means to keep themselves in their first estate without being subject unto any So that the footing which the English French or Scots have obtained amongst them serve rather to secure themselves in the way of their Trading then to entitle them unto any possession or command in the Country the French being shut up in a few weak Forts on the North of the Canada the Scots pretending only to a Bay or two in the South of Accadie and the English being only Tenants at the will of the Natives for such conveniency of fishing as they have in the adjoyning Ilands OF VIRGINIA VIRGINIA hath on the North Canada on the South Florida on the East Mare del Noort the western boundaries not known or not well discovered So called in honour of Queen Elizabeth that Virgin-Monarch when discovered to any purpose by Sir Walter Raleigh An. 1584. By the natural Inhabitants called Apalchen from a Town of that name one of the chief in all the Country The Inland parts hereof are Mountainous and barren full of thick woods a Receptacle for wilde Beasts and the wilder Salvages Towards the Sea more plain and fruitfull as will appear by the Survey of its several Provinces Premising first that Virginia in the full Latitude thereof extendeth from the 34th degree where it joyns with