we have seen in the desart places where they use Trees and Plants wound and made up together in that artificiall manner and wrought together with that thicknesse over head to keep away the sun and shade the ground which hath been smoothed underneath and all things in the manner and shape of an excellent Arbour which place they have only used and kept for their dancing and recreation that no man living that should have come by chance and seen the same without the knowledge of these unlucky things but would have confidently supposed it had and must have been the handy-worke of man And verily it is a most wonderfull to consider what rationall actions these kind of Creatures will do Scaliger in Comment in Arist Hist Animal lib. 2. c. 83. exercitat 213. Scaliger it seemes was much taken up with the contemplation of their man-like properties for he hath made a very pleasant recitall of his observations whose elegant description of their manners deserves the curious inquisition of the Ingenious Camerarius memorabil med Cent. 9. and which Camerarius hath thought worthy to be inserted into the Centuries of his memorable and wonderfull secrets of Nature Thus as a moderne Poet unhappily sings When men began to grow unlike the Gods Apes grew to be like men Sea-men or men-fishes That some Fishes resemble men in their faces hands and other parts is no Fable for such are not only recorded by the Ancients but also have been seen by late Navigators Lerius saw none of them yet relates that an American fisherman cut off the hand from one of those Fishes which did offer to get into his boat the hand had five distinct fingers like ours and in his face he resembled a man Scaliger writes that one of those Sea-men or men-fishes was seen by Hierom Lord of Noricum which laid hold on the Cable of his Ship this story he related as a truth to Maximilian the Emperour Such a one was seen in the time of Augustus another in the time of Tiberius a third under Nero. These Fishes were anciently called Tritons Nereides and Sirens one of those Scaliger saw at Parma about the bignesse of a Child of two yeares old It is written of the River Colhan in the Kingdome of Cohin among the Indians Plin. Aelian Theod. Gaza Trapezuntius that there are some humane shaped Fishes there called Cippae which feed upon other fishes these hide themselves in the water by day but in the night time they come out upon the bankes and by striking one flint against another make such a light that the Fishes in the water being delighted with the sparkes flock to the bankes so that the Cippoe fall upon them and devoure them But most strange is that we read of in the story of Harlem in Holland out of whose Lake was fished a Sea-woman which by a spring-tide had been carried thither when she was brought into the Town she suffered her selfe to be cloathed and to be fed with bread milke and other meats she learned also to spin to kneele before the Crucifix The opinions of the Learned concerning semi-men and semi-beasts and to obey her Mistris but she could never be brought to speake and so remained for divers yeares dumbe Indeed the bodies of other Creatures are not capable of mans soule because they are not of that Fabrick temper and constitution if they were capable yet for want of fit Organs the soule could not exercise her actions as in this story of the Sea-woman And of Apuleius who could never be brought to speake or write Nor are they men although they have the outward shape for it is not the matter nor outward Lineament but the forme that gives essence and denomination Many learned men as Pindarus Plutarch Pareus and others Plut. in lib. inscript an Brutâ—â—ratio insit reduce the causes of these horrid deformities and transfigurations of the humane forme to the promiscuous confusion of the seed of divers Species whence semi-men and semi-beasts do often result wherefore they in a wonderfull manner inveigh against men who neither fearing God nor the Laws become so subject to their lust that they put no difference between themselves and beasts whilest they dare to mingle with them Plin. lib. 7. nat Hist Pliny where he speakes of the Hippocentaure which was borne in Thessalie and after it was dead by the command of Claudius Caesar was brought unto him out of Egypt embalmed in honey seemes to favour this opinion which opinion is more established because upon the dispersing of Nations after the deluge Lust lasciviously running a debauched course through very wickednesse the licentiousnesse of inordinate concupiscence introduced many deformities and defoedations of the Humane forme yet there are many of the Learned that cannot wholly embrace this opinion Since it cannot be according to the Doctrine of Aristotle The causes of monstrous deformities that out of the permixtion of Creatures very discrepant in Species temperature and gestation of the wombe any issue should result wherefore although it is confessed for a truth that monsters want determinate causes because they are effects not intended by Nature but are only procreated by accident yet they are faine to have recourse to other naturall causes Arist Lect. 4. problem 13.14 The Philosopher hath left it upon record that these monstrous depravations of the humane forme are sometimes occasioned through corrupt seed but by corrupt seed he doth not understand seed altogether putrified but only that wherein the virtue of the whole Species doth languish whereupon either the whole Foetus or some parts thereof are produced unlike to the Genitors for when the virtue Formatrix finds the matter of the Foetus rightly disposed then it procreates an issue like to the Generator if otherwise unlike besides this they fetch causes from the Alimentary virtue from hereditary diseases and from monstrous and deformed Parents the narrowness of the place not allowing roome for two seeds to dilate for the forming of two but forcing them to a coalescence but to omit all other vitious dispositions which corrupt the naturall principles destined to generation and conformation Vehement imagination which possesseth the greatest force of hindering the matter of seed is commonly the cause of these monstrosities for even as it happens that a woman with child imprints the image of that she longs for on the Child she goeth with so it may happen that a woman impleat with humane seed if she afterwards lye with a Dog out of the assiduous cogitation and feare of bringing forth a Dog imprints the parts of a Dog upon the fruit in her wombe Whether Bruits may conceive by Men and women by Bruits and then it is not to be said that the off-spring was produced from the Dogs seed since there is no conveniency observed between the humane and canine seed Yet it is not denied that from divers Animals being of a convenient nature and temperament
monsters may proceed and in such monstrifique Creatures when the seed of the Male if it be a man is more vigorous in the supernall parts of the foetus then the superiour parts result unto a humane forme and if the seed of the Bruit in the formature of the inferiour parts hath a valid operation then the lower parts of the monster become Belluine It is verily a horrid thing to be spoke that man the Prince of all Creatures and which is more created in the Image of God should flagitiously mingle with a Bruitish Copulation so that a Biformed breed halfe men and halfe beasts are ingendred by the confusion of seed of divers Species of which there have come abominable and promiscuous Creatures to the horrid abasement and confusion of the humane forme the effect whereof although it seeme impossible to Galen yet to Baptista Porta Baptista Potta iâ— Magica natural Vide Wekerum de secretis li. 5. Iacob Rueff lib. 5. de Generat Hom. who hath written of the Art of getting Monsters and hath strange histories of such productions it seemes not impossible although difficult and he annexeth his reasons yet in my opinion Jacobus Rueffus gives the best account of this difficulty who affirmes that Bruites may conceive by men and men likewise by Bruits which he makes good by three reasons first from naturall appetite secondly Bauhin lib. de Hermophrad Kornman lib. de mirac vivorum Delrio disquis Mag. from the provocation of nature by detectation thirdly by the attractive virtue of the Matrix which is alike both in Bruits and Men. The curious and diffident may find the matter of fact confirmed by many examples in Bauhinus Kornmannus and Delrio and therefore we may spare those testimonies that would confirme the Possibility of the thing Whether of a man and a beast a true man may be borne And indeed I do not find the thing absolutely denied as impossible but rather that it is questioned whether such a production be a true man or a monster Delrius who is somewhat incredulous in this point saies he is certaine that of a man and a Beast a true man cannot be borne because a Beasts seed is void of that perfection which is required to the mansion place of so noble a soule wherefore if any thing be borne of such a mixture it will be a monster and not a man for such an off spring followes the worser condition of the seed Et seb Neiremberg in Hist Naturae Eusebius Neirembergensis also puts the question whether of seed not humane a true man may arise that is whether by the horrible Copulation of a woman and a beast a true man may be brought forth he thinkes we ought not liberally to beleeve these things neither thinkes he it to be above the power of Nature if the womans seed be efficacious and he puts the other question whether any other womb besides a womans hath been the receptacle of a humane off-spring and he thinkes that if the Issue require the efficacity of both Parents none but the wombe of a woman can lodge a true man adorned with understanding but if the force only of the Male fabricate the Progeny and the woman only is but the shop then he thinkes perchance according to Physitians it will be possible after that hainous coition a man may be cherished in a beasts wombe the Seed of man being before cast therein but if any thing hath been produced in shape like unto man it is never without some gage of an irrationall nature When Nature is impedite many strange transpositions and deformities both in excesse and defect Monsters born with many Feet have appeared in these fundamentall and sustaining parts of the body P. Africanus and Laelius Consuls Jul. obseq de Prodig at Amiternum there was a boy borne with three Feet and one Hand Appius Claudius and P. Metellus Consuls Idem eod lib. at Amiternum there was a Boy borne with three Feet all the other parts of his body rightly constituted Anno Domini 1552. In England not far from Oxford there was a Girle borne with two Heads Jacob. Rueffus foure armes and hands with two Legs on one side and one on the other so that she seemed to abound with three feet See more examples of these Monstrosities in Scene 18. At Constantinople there was a Boy borne with foure feet Lycost lib. prodig Anno Domini 601. Jul. obseq ex Rom. Hist P. Africanus and C. Fulvius Consuls there was a Female child borne with foure feet Moreover Lycost there have been little Children borne with foure feet Before the yeare of our Redemption 162. Idem there was an Infant born who had foure feet and as many armes In the 160 yeare before Christs Incarnation there was an Infant borne at Caere Idem with foure feet Anno 132. Aldrovand yeares before the yeare of our Lord there was a maid seen endued with foure Legs Man when he first attempteth to go being not as yet susteined by reason of his weake and feeble feet is equivocally called Quadrupes or a foure-footed Creature Whether man can go upright if never taught and some there have been found who have not been instructed how to go have gone on all foure like foure-footed Beasts Plin. lib. 7. The naturall Historian is much scandalized at this Stepdame-like trick of Nature that man should be so untowardly borne that the first hope he conceiveth of his strength and the first gift that Time affordeth him makes him no better than foure footed Beasts How long is it saith he ere he can go alone As for all other living Creatures there is not one but by an instinct of Nature knoweth this man only knoweth nothing unlesse he be taught and cannot so much as go unlesse he be trained to it and to be short is apt and good at nothing naturally but to pule and cry If man by a naturall instinct cannot raise his body and walke upright but must unlesse taught another posture crawle on the earth upon all foure with other Creatures to what end was his upright frame given him Or how should he deserve the name of Anthropos and behold that mansion prepared for him above And if he cannot stand nor go erect upon his own account the Poets have abused him Ovid. Metamorph Os homini sublime dedit Coelumque tueri Jussit erectos ad sidera tollere vultus Silius Ital. lib. 5. Nonne vides hominum ut Celsos ad sidera vultus Sustulerit Deus ac sublimia finxerit ora And the Roman Oratour to as small purpose Cicer. lib. 5. de Legibus Solum hominem erexit ad Coeli quasi Cognationis pristini conspectum excitavit Conrad Gesner In the Forrest of Hanseburge in Misnia there was a Monster found having the body of a man Manugrades with the Talons of an Eagle with a yellowish beard and haires
Carthai Tartano weare their Beards also thin Some of the Broad-faced Tartars are Beardlesse except that in the upper Lip Munst Cosmog Jo. Bohem. de rit gent. lib. 2. and on the Chin they have a few volatile haires In Sumatra the men Diario nautico Baâ—tavorum although they have great Eyebrows have but little Beard insomuch that the haires under their mouth may be numbred In Elizabeths Island Capt. Smiths Hist of Virginia toward the North of Virginia the men have no Beards but counterfeits as they did think our mens also were for which they would have changed with some of our men that had great Beards What a Generation of scoffers of Nature have we here who with their Pincers fight against her fit Companions for the Apostate Iulian who stiled himselfe Mysogopon as much as to say as the hater of a Beard Sure the Beard was form'd and given to man for some end the place The Dignity of the Beard maintained and dignity of the place the time it appeares and the species of it shews an ornament For the place no man can deny the face to be one of the outward parts of the body which hath an honest appearance if the Face have dignity and a degree superlative as it were of dignity and there are some Orders This may justly be accounted the most honest of the honest parts and worthiest since there are the chiefest Organs of the Senses the Instruments of the reasonable soule and that in the face as in a Glasse the ineffable majesty of the whole man doth shine In which the Beard hath the chiefest place being planted in the part thereof which the Ancients stiled the Temple of Goodnesse and Honesty The time of its appearance denotes its use it is inchoate and begins to come forth at a certaine definite and specifique time for man is not at once an Individuum and a specifique Individuum the libration of which moments of time is chiefly conspicuous to God and confirmed by his Counsell which dispensation of time is not without a mystery to which all things created are subjected I would we could understand the fulnesse thereof but certainly for some specifiqe end From the species or the kind of haire may another Argument be taken of their reall worth All other haires we see have their use and end and can Nature be so forgetful of her own institutions as to faile in this particular Superficiall Philosophers do much please themselves with this Division saying that of those which are in the body some are the true parts of it and others are not to wit such as proceed from the necessity of matter of which kind are the haires an excrement and not a part and if a part altogether an excrementitious materiarie and of no use The use of the Beard to which account the Beard must be reduced which is all haire a Doctrine popular and altogether erronious for the Beard is an existent part of the body and most necessary and its necessity is from its use and office it hath in the body not from the matter or as they say necessity Nature which is the ordinary power of God and the lively image of his wisdome workes alwaies for an end more especially and most nobly doth she do it in the body of man the most noble of all Creatures Some say the Beard was intended for a manly ornament for man shews more venerable especially if by age his haires be every where fairely and super abundantly circumfused which Nature usually doth leaving no part unpolished or unlaboured or without Rythme and elegancy as worke enchased in the hilâ—s of Swords which sometimes appeares but is sometimes obscured by the very splendor of utility Which conceit doth not well please Platerus for saith he Plat. in quaest Phys quaest 8. if it was produced for an Elegancy why do women then want it in adorning whom Nature seemes to have been most studious and yet she would have them beardlesse which if it sometimes but lightly manifest it selfe in them makes them most ugly others conceive one use of the Beard was for a muniment and to cover the Barball parts on which they grow but why the mans Chin rather than the womans should be covered Hofman confesseth he seeth not Yet Zonardus is of opinion that the Beard was not only intended for an ornament but for an operiment and Adjutor to the Maxillae because with their villosity they defend the Maxillary Nerves from being hurt by the too great frigidity of the aire which granted would much aggravate their Crime who shave these parts The Beard the sign of a man But Ulmus who hath sufficiently vindicated the honesty of Nature in this matter in his learned book intituled De fine Barbae Humanae I would he had gone through the worke or that I had seene his Tract De recta Hominis figura if he liv'd to write it He I say is of opinion that the proper end of the Beard is differing from those above-named and that it serves not for ornament nor age nor Sex nor for a covering nor for purgament but for another end to wit serve to the Office of the Humane soule And that Nature gave to mankind a Beard that it might remaine as an Index in the Face of the Masculine generative faculty and of that either crumpent and progredient or consumed at least next to consumption Plater in quaest Phys quaest 8. Of the same judgement is Platerus who hath a little dilated his thoughts upon this Subject For men then to labour to extirpate so honest and necessary a work as the Beard is is a practicall blasphemy most inexpiable against Nature and God the Author of Nature whose worke the Beard is The Beard being the signe of a man by which he appeares a man for it is more ancient than Eve and the sign of a better Nature to violate then that which is a sign of virile Nature is an impiety against the Law of Nature And since it is confessed that man is the Image of God and the Beard the forme of a man certainly so many of us as acknowledge and profess to represent this Image of the Protoplastes God without the high crime of impiety cannot leave off or eradicate our Beard or with Depilatories burn up and depopulate the Genitall matter thereof but we must renounce that and account it for a sport so fondly to evirate our selves An act not only done against the reclamation of the Law of Nature but repugnant to the consent of the Learned of all Nations who with one mouth pronounce a Beard comly for a grave constant just and honest man Nay Lovers of a Beard even the Turkes whom we account even but Barbarians herein do more homage to Nature who if a man have a faire long Beard they reverence him and only he is a wise man and an honourable Personage but if they have no Beard at all if they
People within the Main of South America called Camucujara have Paps that reach under their Waste and neere even down to their Knees and when they run or go faster than ordinary they bind them about their Waste Long Dugs affected The Azanegi magnifie very fat and grosse women especially those who have longer Dugs Munst Cosm lib. 6. cap. 50. and which hang pensile from the Breast and therefore the men there use the same violence as the Senegans do to their women Aloys Cadam to stretch them out to the measure of their Fancy insomuch as when they have once borne Children they grow longer and more ugly and filthy to behold The women of Mexico so love to have great Dugs Montaign Essay lib. 2. that they strive to have their Children suck over their shoulders In the Island Arnobon Du Pegr. Hist Ind. Orient the Nurses have so long Dugs that they cast them over their shoulders The Women of Guinea Purch Pilgr 2. lib. 7. when their Children cry to suck they cast one of their Dugs backward over their shoulders and so the Child sucketh as it hangs The Breasts the store houses of milke resemble a halfe Bowle they rise the breadth of two fingers high when maids begin to have their Courses and when they are full ripe and grown marriageable they swell so that they may be covered with the hand which Aristophanes cals 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the goodly apples of the Breast And lest the heavy Breast should flag down too low because a woman goes alwaies upright they are knit and tyed by their whole Basis or Bottom to the bonie part of the Chest. A fault therefore it is in the women of Ireland and others who never tye up their Breasts but they sin with a higher hand against the Law of Nature who forcibly endeavour to breake these bonds by drawing them out unto a monstrous and ugly greatness for by this Artifice the convenient figure and decent magnitude of the Breasts which should concur to their natural constitution as it was from whence their elegant beauty should arise and the Breasts become most apt for the generation of milke The inconveniences of great Breasts as having a moderate heat and excellent conformation Let them that will extoll great Breasts like udders because they generate a great deale of milke yet it is better to have a mediocrity then such a superfluity of milke which if retained is easily corrupted in the Breasts and hence great Dugs are more obnoxious to inflamations and Cancers and being besides loose and moist they cannot retaine that temperate heat nay not only by this perversion or destruction of the naturall and convenient forme and magnitude of the Breasts and decent figure is this organicall part rendred deformed and extended beyond its just extuberancy which is accounted beautifull but this goodly sagging Dugs a Pap-fashion which they so affect is to no end unless to make their children more saddle-nosed which is the usuall inconvenience that attends them who suck Nurses with over-great laxuriant Breasts and which it may be is the intention of this practice and by spreading over the whole region of the Breasts and swagging down sometimes lower there follows one inconvenience not yet reckoned for by their extravagant expatiation and bulky weight they prove no little hinderance to respiration Nature indeed sometimes is a little luxuriant and extuberant in the Breasts of some women a remarkable History whereof Salmuthus hath of a Patient of his Salm. Medicin observ the wife of a noble Secretary who before marriage was endowed with great Breasts which notwithstanding at the first time of her impregnation did increase and rise to a greater nay even a most horrid bulke and they alwaies after her conception did so encrease that they were wont to hang down even unto her knees at which strange case Salmuthus stood amazed when her husband shewed her Breasts unto him to be cured The chiefe use of the Breasts wondring at the matter which otherwise useth to be collected towards the Child in the wombe making together the Belly tumid that so great quantity should ascend upwards or creepe to the Breasts whence he observed that there is not only a consent between the Veines of the Wombe and Breast but a conflux also But although Nature forced thereto against her will prevaricates in the shape of the Breasts and Divine Providence hath gone beyond the Rules to which she hath necessarily constrained us it is not to give us a dispensation from them they are blows of his Divine hand which we ought not to imitate but admire as extraordinary examples and markes of an expresse and particular avowing of the severall kinds of wonders which for a testimony of his omnipotency he affordeth us beyond our orders or forces which it is folly and impiety to go about to represent and which we ought not to follow but contemplate with admiration and meditate with astonishment being Acts of his Personage and not of ours Another thing discommendable in some of these Nations is that they take these loathsome lovely long Breasts to be a goodly thing and that they go naked to shew them for a bravery the chiefe use of the Breasts being the generation of milke that they may be ashamed who for nicity and delicacy do forfeit this principall use of these excellent parts and make them only Stales or Bawds of Lust as too many Ladies amongst us do who by opening these common shops of temptation invite the eyes of easie Chapmen to cheapen that flesh which seemes to lye exposed as upon an open Stall to be sould The Breasts accounted shamefull parts To whose Udders I could wish some severe Cato could present a good wholesome morall Hedgehog to make them shut up shop and translate their Masques from their Face to their Breasts More innocent are the Maldives in the other harmelesse extreame Purch Pilgr 1. lib. 9. who count the Breasts shamefull parts not to be spoken of who carefully hide them and to speake of them they account it very lascivious and dishonest the Maids go naked untill their Breasts begin to beare out and encrease and then they think it a thing needfull to cover them holding as great a shame to shew them as their Privities The most Noble Virgins of Secota in Florida also are more modest than ours De Bry Hist Ind. who for the most part apply their hand to their shoulders so covering their Breasts in signe of Virgin modesty being naked in all the rest of their body There being good reason in Nature why women should have a modest regard of them and not so openly expose them because the consent between the Breasts and Wombe is very great in so much as the only contrectation of them provoketh Lust Another and that no small aggravation of their offence against Nature is that these women should so love to have great Dugs that
to his Daughter as one fit to attend her in her Chamber which deliberation comming into the Slaves understanding he concluded to shun his Masters intent because it was a hazzard of life either in Child or man and therefore rather than thus to dye he resolved to kill the Bashaw his Master before he would endure so notorious an infamy and executed his determination When other courses could not help many have been so bold as to Castrate themselves in the Leprosie Castration high Treason against Nature and have been better for you shall not easily find any Castrati or women troubled with that disease Some more confident Physitians have put to their hand and those who have escaped the danger have proved cured some in Mania or melancholly madnesse have attempted the same not without successe although they have remained somewhat melancholly like Gib'd Cats some for the prevention of the dangerous consequence of Hernia Intestinalis have undergone the same experiment And verily a dispensation may be granted in case of these inexorable and otherwise incurable diseases But upon any other pretence whatsoever to adulterate the coine and image of Nature by so grosse an allay as makes them not current for men or willingly to degenerate into the Nature of women suffering themselves to be transformed from the Masculine to the Feminine apparence a false Coppy is to offer as great an Injury to Nature as the malice of mans refractory wit can be guilty of And it is so manifestly against the Law of Nature to tamper with the witnesses of mans virility that our Laws have made it Felony to geld any man against his will There is an ancient Fable that the fish called Remora did stop the ship of Perianders Embassadors whom he had sent to geld all the Males that were left of the bloud Royall as if Nature her selfe held it an unworthy Act that man should be despoiled of these parts that were given him for the preservation of the whole kind And although this Castration of the Testicles being not done in an apparent part causeth of it selfe no deformity yet because when both the Testicles are cut out Castration of women other mischiefes follow especially if this be done while they are in the yeares of puberty which betray them to be Eunuches as an effeminate voice and the want of a beard by this means it bringeth a deformity upon them And although man may live without them yet after a manner they ought to be accounted as principall members Galen lib. de Semine for it appeares that Galen preferred the Testicles to the Heart for saith he the Heart indeed is the Author of life but the Testicles conduce to well-being for they communicate a certaine aire to the whole Body by whose mediation virility is reconciled the body acquires strength and firmenesse is made more lively at length the principall members do more perfectly execute their office which parts being cut away besides that men are deprived of the Generative power they want all these conveniencies the venerian moode is extinguished Love grows cold the Veines fall the colour and heat grow dead and withered they are made beardlesse and altogether effeminate therefore the Testicles are of that efficacy that they corroborate and affect the other bowels with a common benefit The extravagant invention of man hath run out so far as the Castration of women Coelius Rhod. li. 4. antiq lect in cap. 10. lib. 20. cap. 14. Athen. Dipn. lib. 12. Xanthus lib. 2. Lydiorum Alciat in lib. Spadonum Andramistes the King of Lydia as the report goes was the first that made women Eunuches whom he used instead of Male Eunuches after whose examples the women of Egypt were sometimes spaded Giges is accused of the same trespasse against Nature by Hesychius and Suidas The end might be the same in spading women as men both being made thereby impotent and so consequently apt to envy others The Danger of spading women and lesse subject to be corrupted with their passions Julius Alex. lib. 22. cap. 14. Salubr in annot ad Gal. pag. 122. Reiner Reineceius Tom. 3. Hist de Lydorum orig imper p. 82. Athen. Voscius lib. 17. de orig progressu Idolat fol. 1081 And it seemes Iulius Alexandrinus could never find that this was a received Custome in any Nation yet he had read in divers Authors of many Castrated to abate their untamed Lust But that end which the first inventors of this shamefull deed propounded to themselves was as is supposed to prolong their youth and that they might perpetually use and enjoy them in a flourishing condition of body It is an Anatomicall Question An mulier Castrati possit and it appeares de facto to have been done but concerning the manner of operation there ariseth a greater difficulty Whether they castrated women by drawing out their wombe or by avulsion of their Testicles Both Waies it is certaine that women will be brought into great danger of life for although Sows may be spaded yet with the like security it cannot be administred in women by reason of the seat wherein they are placed and the society they have with other parts For he must necessarily cut both the Flankes who would Castrate a woman Cardan Dialog Tetim inscript a worke full of desperate hazzard yet it may be done with little or no danger if it be attempted with an Artfull hand And a Friend of mine told me he knew a maid in Northampton-shire that was thus spaded by a Sow-gelder and escaping the danger grew thereupon very fat A Gentleman who undertooke since in some company to tell me this Story againe said that he was present at the Assizes of Northampton when this Sow-gelder was arraigned for this Fact I doubt there is some mistake in the Scene for by another Information of a Justice that was there A maid spaded a new way it was in Lincolne-shire and the Fact done upon Lincolne Heath and that was not his first Fact so that his first attempt might be upon the Northampton maid this last maids name was Margaret Brigstock but the Judges were much confounded how to give Sentence upon an Act against which they had no Law for although the Castration of men was Fellony by the Law yet there was nothing enacted against spading of women and well might they be ignorant of such a Case when Platerus the great Physitian professeth he remembreth not that ever he read or heard of such an attempt This Clearke for that was his name was hanged for this last Fact but not by a Law but for robbing her of two penniworth of Apples which she had in her Apron But it is more dangerous to pluck out the Wombe although this succeeded well to a certaine Sow-gelder who suspecting his Daughter guilty of Adultery violently extracting the Wombe spaded her after the manner of Cattle that afterwards she might be unfit for bearing of Children
forth the differences and severall sorts of Hermophradites in these words Differentiae quatuor Leonide Auctore existunt tres quidem in viris una in mulieribus In viris siquidem alias juxta regionem inter scrotum anum alias in medio scroto forma muliebris pudendi pilis obsiti apparet Tertia verò ad haec accedit in qua nonnulli veluti ex pudendo quod in scroto est urinam profundunt In mulieribus supra pudendum juxta pubem virile genitale frequenter reperitur quibusdam Corporibus extantibus uno tanquam Cole duobus autem veluti testiculis Sic mero Isaac Israelita Solomonis Arabiae regis filius adoptivus Hoc licet tempore sit naturale in viro tamen turpius In viro muliere fit quatuor modis tribus in viro uno in foemina Viris fit in pectine in testiculis velut vulna vera mulieris pilosa ut in foeminis Tertius modus est gravior quia per virgam vulvam mingunt Mulieribus vulva sit in pectine sub vulva post veretrum maximi testiculi Ei licet in his utriusque sexus genitalia sint eorum unum tamen altero sit luxuriosius potentius etsi sunt alii Hermophroditi qui in utroque sexu omnino impotentes sint Those who are curious to know more of this ugly representation may find satisfaction in the Chapter of Differences of Hermophradites written by the same Author And what Cure this vile deformity admits The causes of Hermophiadites the same Author affords in this place There is a Booke written in French called the Hermophradite Vide licet lib. 1. Hermoph cap. 38. which doth notably set forth the effeminacy and prodigious tendernesse of this Nation But let us a little examine the Causes of their Generation De medicin Com. 1. Dial. 5. Andernacus to Mathetis enquiring why Nature in Humane Bodies doth so mock and laugh man to scorne Answers saies he knows no other cause besides the influx of the stars intempestive copulation and evill diet since at this day there is such corruption of life and manners and so great Lust that it is no wonder if men altogether degenerate into Beasts And although Naturall Philosophers and Physicians partly impute this conjunction of Sexes to the material and efficient Cause and partly to the Cells of the Wombe Yet those causes sound to me most probable which are alleaged à Decubitu and the time of Conception Sunt enim qui velint horum generationem causari à decubituminùs convenienti vel in congressu vel post congressum In congressu quidem monente Lemnino indecenti non nunquam ait vitiosus hic infamisque conceptus ex indecoro concubitu conflatur cùm praeter usum ac comoditatem exercendae veneris virsupinus mulier prona decumbit magno plerunque valetudinis dispendio ut qui ex inverso illo decubitu herniosi efficiuntur praesertim cum distento oppletoque cibis corpore inusitata hac inconcessáve venere utuntur A decubitu supino post congressum sic enim Dominicus Terellius in muliere posteaquam virile semen receperit in utero positura corporis observanda Semper vitanda est quae modo supino fit The reasons are here alleadged Androgyni In Bauhin li. 1. cap. 30. Hormoph Pierius Fenestella Annal. Tertul. advers Valent. c. 33. which appeares by your Lunensian women who taking no care to this supine positure after conception bring forth more Hermophradites many Authors taking notice of store of Hermophradites among the Lunensians By which discourse you may see what a hand the lust and folly of a man hath in this Hemophraditicall Transformation or Androginall mixture Those who in old time were called by the name of Androgyni were reputed then for prodigious wonders Howbeit as Pliny notes Plin. Nat. Hist lib. 7. cap. 3. Aul. Gel. l 9. c. 4 Isidor lib. 11. cap. 3. Jul. Obseq lib. prodig in his time men tooke delight and pleasure in them M. Messala C. Livius Consuls in Umbria there was a Semi-man almost twelve yeares old by the command of the Aruspices slaine L. Meteblus and Q. Fabius Maximus Consuls there was an Hermophradite borne at Luna Idem by command of the Southsayers cast into the sea P. Africanus C. Fulvius Consuls Idem in the Country of Ferretinnum there was an Hermophradite borne and carried unto the River Gn. Domitius Cajus Fannius Consuls Idem in Foro Vessonum another borne and cast into the Sea L. Aurelius and L. Caecili'us Consuls Idem about Rome there was another Hermophradite some eight yeares old found and carried unto the sea L. Caecilius L. Aurelius Consuls Idem there was another about ten yeares old found at Saturnia and drowned in the Sea Q. Metellus Tullius Didius Consuls Idem another was carried from Rome and drowned in the Sea A course taken to prevent Courses Cn. Cornelius Lentulus P. Licinius Consuls there was an Androgynus found Idem and carried to the Sea Beyond the Nasamones and their neighbours confining upon them the Matchlies there be found ordinarily Hermophradites called Androgyni of a double nature and resembling both Sexes Male and Female who have carnall knowledge one of another interchangeably by turnes as Caliphanes doth report Cited by Pliny Nat. Hist lib. 7. Aristotle saith moreover that on the right side of their breast they have a little teat or nipple like a man but on the left side they have a full pap or dug like a woman Montuus de Med. Thoresi lib. 1. cap. 6. I knew saith Montuus an Hermophradite who was accounted for a woman and was married to a man to whom she bore some sons and daughters notwithstanding he was wont to lye with his maids and get them with child This is remarkable Anno 1461. in a certaine City of Scotland there was an Hermophrodite maid got her Masters Daughter with child who lay in the same bed with her Veinrichius Com. de Monstris pag. 7. facie aversa being accused of the Fact before the Judges she dyed being put into the ground alive The Tovopinambaultian women of Brasill in in America Purch Pilgr 4. lib. 7. never have their Flowers not liking that purgation it is thought they divert that flux by some meanes unknown to us for the Maids of twelve yeares old have their sides cut by their mothers from the armehole down unto the knee with the very sharpe tuske of a certaine beast the young Girles gnashing with their Teeth through the extremity of the paine some conjecture they prevent their monthly flux by this remedy Women affecting streightnesse Concerning the nature of the Menstruall bloud there hath been and yet is hard hold and many opinions among Physicians All agree that this bloud is an excrement for like a superfluity it is every month driven forth the Wombe but many would have it an unprofitable
excrement and of a noxious and hurtfull quality but I am of the contrary opinion to wit that it is naturall and profitable and that it is in its own nature laudable and pure bloud and no way offensive unto the woman but only in the quantity thereof as is by some evicted by the Authority of the Ancients and by invincible and demonstrative arguments So that the impurity of the Courses is not so great as some would have it the menstruall bloud being only abundant in women and hath no other fault at all in sound bodies and is but abusively call'd an excrement Unthankefull therefore are those Tovopinambaultian women to Nature who seeme to abhor so signall a benefit of hers in endeavouring to divert the ordinary course of Nature More respective to Nature are the women of Iucaia who when the Menstrua begin to come Petr. Mart. Decad. 7. as if they were to be brought to a man to be married the Parents invite the Neighbours to a banquet and use all signes and tokens of joyfulnesse In the Kingdome of Monomotapa the maids are not to be married till their Menstrua or naturall purgations testifie their ability for conception Helyn Geogr. The women of Vraba have a most streight and narrow neck of their wombe Consal Ovied Hist Iud. Spigel Hum. corp Fahr l. 1. that they very hardly admit a man A quaere about womens streightnesse which Spigelius thinks happens to them by Art and not by any benefit of Nature since it is known that they much affect such a streightnesse the men of that Countrey as it is likely delighting in none but such who have that accommodation It may be a Quare whether these women owe not somewhat of this strictnesse to the indulgent artifice of their Midwives And whether their Navils were not cut shorter at the birth to make them forsooth modester and their wombes narrower according to the conceit and practice of the European Midwives I confesse Spigelius and all our Modern Writers jeere at this and he makes himselfe merry with this opinion for saith he if it were in the power of women to make the Privities greater or lesser by cutting off the Navell string in sober sadnesse all women labouring with child would complaine of Midwives and that deservedly too because they left not a great part of their Navell string when they were borne that so their Privities being large they might be delivered with the more ease Yet Mizaldus orders it to be cut long in Female children because the Instruments of Generation follow the proportion of it and therefore if it be cut too short in a Female it will be a hinderance to her having of children Taisnier the famous Chiromancer and Astrologer affirmes the same thing The generall conceit of the Italians in this matter causeth the same industrious affectation of Art in your Italian Dames It being a familiar and common thing with the Italian Curtezans with astringent Pessaries by Art to make the neck of their wombe as streight as they list And honest Matrons Mischiefes ensuing affected streightnesse to satisfie the wanton curiosities of their Husbands use the same Art who have many times proved very unhappy in the miserable and dangerous effect of that Artifice and have dearly paid for their foolish officiousnesse with a sad bitternesse of experience too late repenting them of trying of such a conclusion as shuts up the gate of birth themselves with their dead-borne children thereby perishing together Nor is this Artifice altogether unknown unto the women of other Countries Observ med Decad. 3. cas 5. in Schol. Hachstetterus narrat Ancillam quandam sponsam procul dubio ut sponso virgo quae non erat appareret balnco in quo radices consolidae majoris decortae erant usam fuisse in quod cum hora inscia insedisset Ei ita orificium pudendi coarctatum fuit ut Maritus uxorem claustrum virginale recepisse miraretur Et Nicolus Florentinus refert se vidisse mulierem quae post partum cùm obstetrices adhibuissent medicamenta valdè astringentia ita clausa reddita fuit ut non potuerit coitum exercere Et cum Sennerto loqui hoc institutum ut in scortis culpandum ita in honestis mulieribus non reprehendendum si ipsis hoc vitium post partum accidat potest enim cervicis uteri amplitudo causa sterilitatis esse interdum pro cidentiae uteri praeterea vitium hoc mulieres viris ingratas reddit et hic quaestio resolvitur An Sinûs muliebris adstrictio angustia certum virginitatis signum sit Quod negandum The women of Siam are contrary minded Herb. Travels both in their opinions and practice for to see a Virgin there at Virgins yeares is as a black Swan in regard in their green yeares they give the too forward Maids a virulent drinke whose virtue vice rather is by a strange efficacy to distend their Muliebria so capaciously Where they sew up their Females that the Bels which the men weare in their Yards with rope-ring too easily may enter Purch Pilgr 2. lib. 9. The Maracatos within the Land of Brava have a fashion to sew up the Females especially their Slaves being young to make them unable for Conception which makes these Slaves sell dearer for their Chastity and for better confidence their Mistresses put in them Among the Peguans there are some that sew up the privy member of their Female Children as soone as they are borne leaving them but a little hole to avoid their urine and when she marrieth the husband cutteth it open and maketh it as great and as little as he will which they with a certaine ointment or salve can quickly heale Lindscot Travels lib. 1. c. 17. Lindscoten saw one of these women in Goa whom the Chirurgion of his Master in the Arch-Bishops house did cut open Men would judge saith he all these things to be Fables yet they are most true for I do not only know it by the daily traffique of the Portugals out of India thither but also by the Peguans themselves whereof many dwell in India some of them being Christians which tell it and confesse it for a truth as also the neernesse of place and neigbourhood maketh it sufficiently known Helyn Ethiop Infer The people of Quilea of the Province of Zanziber in Ethiopia Inferiour have among them the same strange fashion which may be mentioned rather for variety than decency They use when they have any Female Children born unto them to sew up the privy passages of Nature Virginity secured leaving only a small passage for the Urine Thus sewed they carefully keep them at home untill they come to marriageable age then they give them to their neighbours for Wives And of what ranck or condition she be which is found by her Husband to want the signe of her perpetuall Virginity is with all kind of ignominy and digrace sent home
unto her Parents and by them as opprobriously received And it seemes they confide in no evidence but their own ocular Chirurgery here Petrus Bembo saies Pet. Bembo Lib. Hist Venet. they give their Daughters in marriage thus sewed but first that care is left unto and lies upon the Bridegroome to cut and divide with an Iron Instrument the conglutinated lips of the neck of the wombe In so great honour with those Barbarians in marrying a wife is the certaine assurance of incorrupt Virginity who little trusting to the fraile inclosure of Nature do secure with more strong guards the fortresse of Virginity Had these people known the famous Liniment of Paracelsus which but smeared upon the opening of the mouth in a moment forsooth will contract and conglutinate that Orifice they would it may be have stood in little need of needle and thread and such dolorous punctures for sewing up this suspected passage It should seeme these people are loath to trust the security of Nature More cruelly jealous of their Daughters than the Venetians are of their Wives on whom they hang a padlock And surely they have a slight opinion of Hymen and either know it not or are not willing to confide in it whereas the Jews were no way doubtfull of it And Spigelius and many other Anatomists could by ocular experience satisfie them concerning Natures constant provision to preserve virginal integrity The practice of Irish women for easie Delivery Certainly these Nations would have been well pleased if Nature had produced all their Females imperforated and the Orifice of their wombs closed and sealed up or the Hymen so thick and fleshy that it streightned the passages of Nature that it needed incision an evill which holds proportion in men when the Prepuce grows unto the Nut. It is thought that the Irish women are wont to breake the Os pubis or share-bone of their Female children as soone as they are borne to make them have more easie labour when they come to child-bearing And it is well known that your Irish women have very quick and easie deliverance in Child-birth I confesse I could not in a long time by any enquiry receive full satisfaction concerning this practical endeavour of the Irish nor discover any thing thereof in Books Yet I encline to beleeve the Report because it is an Invention somewhat rationable Yet since the first impression of this Book I have been assured of this practice by a Gentlewoman who was present at an Irish womans Labour in Ireland For in the conformation of the share and Hanch-bone there appears a singular benefit of Nature conferr'd upon women who providing with all Art for the paines of Child bed would have the closing of the Share-bone loosed for the facility of Birth and therefore the Cartilagineous coupling of the Share-bone is in women more soft and in women with Child a little before their delivery more thick embued with an unctious humour Touch also and fight do manifestly perceive the divulsion of the Share-bone for if you lift up one Leg of a woman lately delivered The practice of Irish women examined you shall perceive the spine of the share-bone to rise up in the other The truth of this thing may be confirmed by Authority for to omit the well known opinion of Hippocrates Alex. Benedict lib 5. Anat. c. 3. Gorraeus Com. in Hippoc de natura pueri Aetius Tetra 4. Serm 4. cap. 22. Jacob. Carpuâ— in sua Anat. Sylvius in Isagoge Anatom Aristotle Riolanus Schola Anatomica and Avicen many others do witnesse of the bones of the Ilium and Pecten are opened or seperated to wit the joynts relaxed not exarticulated but justly said to be loosed because that great distention seemes to be quaedam species solutae continuitatis and this is naturally although at other times they are most strongly bound together But there is little need of witnesses in so manifest a businesse experience only to whom the best appeale is made in this Anatomicall controversie may make it credible to whom Physitians think they are bound to give more respect than unto Reason for Riolanus affirmes that he thrice in the presence of Physitians and Chirurgions saw the Cartilage which holds together the bones of the share loosed and relaxed a fingers breadth but that which makes somewhat more to this purpose Fernel lib. 6. Pathologiae Aethius Tetra 4. Serm. 4.6.22 Fernelius among the causes of a difficult birth reckons the more firme compaction of the share-bones when they cannot be dilated in the Birth Now if upon this account the Irish women obtaine a more than ordinary faculty of dispatch in Child-birth it is likely the force they use to their Female Infants as soone as they are borne may relax the Ligaments and move the tender Share-bones to a competent Dilation that may prove afterwards productive of such an effect And it may be the women of the Conarins Corumbins and other Provinces of India who scarce travel at all they are so soon delivered from the paine and perill of Child-birth if they do not rather receive the benefit from the temper of the Climates and the favourable indulgence of the Genius of the Place use some such kind of Artifice conducible to this end Nations with great privy members although the report of their practice hath not yet arrived at our eares As for the matter of Fact taking it for granted it pretends to work a mitigation in that pronounced woe in Dolore paries but this is not the only way that man hath endeavoured to ease himselfe of those inconveniences his transgression hath entailed upon him Purch Pilgr 2. lib. 7. They of Guinea have a great privy member much surpassing our Country-men whereof they make great account Richard Jobs Golden Trade I read in Jobsons discovery of the River Gambra and the Golden Trade of the Aethiopians of a Town called Cassan which is the Kings Seat and by the name of which Towne he holds his Title King of Cassan seated upon the Rivers side of Gambra The Inhabitants of which Towne and parts thereabout being Subjects to the Great King of Cantare and of Bursall By a conjecturall Geography I take this Cassan to be that which Cardan calls Cassena a Region in Affrica and although I read nothing here concerning their great Noses yet I meet with a strange report touching the magnitude of that part which answers to the Nose His discourse runs after this manner Undoubtedly these people originally sprung from the race of Canaan the Son of Ham who discovered his Father Noahs Secrets for which Noah awaking cursed Canaan as our holy Scripture testifieth the Curse as by Schoolemen hath been disputed extended to this ensuing Race in laying hold upon the same place where the originall cause began Men with members like Asses whereof these people are witnesses who are furnished with such members as are after a sort burthensome unto them whereby their women
being once conceived with Child so soone as it is perfectly discerned accompanies the man no longer because he shall not destroy what is conceived to the losse of that and danger of the Bearer neither untill she hath brought up the Child to a full and fitting time to be weaned which every woman doth to her own Child is she allowed in that Nature the mans society so that many times it falls he hath not a wife to lye withall and therefore hath allowance of other women for necessities sake which may seem not over-strange unto us in that our Holy Writ doth make mention thereof as you may read in the 23 Chapter of the Prophet Ezekiel where Ierusalem and Samaria being called by the name of two Sisters Ahola and Aholiba being charged with Fornication are in the twentieth verse of the same Chapter said to do at upon those people whose Members were as the members of Asses and whose Issue was like the issue of Horses therein right and amply explaining these people The Turks who as I heare by a Traveller are Mentulatiores and these would have made brave Companions for Heliogabalus that extreame luxurious Emperour Lamprid. in vita ejus who gathered together a number of these well weaponed men whom he called Nasatos Vasatos Onobolos id est Mentulatiores whom he made use of to satisfie his inordinate Lust. As for the virile member it is of such length and magnitude as the necessity of the kind requireth for procreation Magnitudo membri virilis conformed according to the Law of Nature in one of a just age Quando erigitur obtinet sex uncias longitudine quatuor in Perepheria Although it varies much according to the race of Families and course of Life for there are certaine Families and as you see Nations who have an ill or a good report according to this very thing And how much frequent coition conferreth to the accession of its augmentation they daily are advised of who more often or with more alacrity descend into venerean encounters and indeed the length and thickness thereof varies in respect of the particular creature or individuum because it is formed according to the proportion of the members yet sometimes it is larger in a little man because of the abundance of the proportion of Fathers seed of which it is framed for the Seed falleth from every part of a mans body and carrieth in it power of generating that part from whence it fell But it may be these Guineans tamper not with Nature but have this prerogative from the subtle indulgency of their Midwives For it is thought it will be longer if the Navel-strings be not close knit by the Midwives when the Child is new-borne and that because of a Ligament which commeth to the Navill from the bottome of the bladder which they call Urachos for the straighter that is tyed to the Navell the more the bladder and the parts adjoyning are drawn upward Yet Spigelius saies he cannot well conceive in his mind how this can be done But for the matter of practice he reports that upon this conceit Midwives leave a longer part of the Navell-string of a Male than they do of a Female because in Males they would have the Instrument of Generation long Whether the Navell appeared in our prototype that so they may not be cowards in the Schooles of Venus Now if the supposition be true we are all at the mercy of the Midwives for our sufficiencie In which operation Authors make much adoe and Midwives at present can scarce agree about the place The distance the Navell-string should be cut off from the Childs body Aetius prescribes to be foure fingers breadth Aetius lib. 4. c. 3 in his direct to Midwives a woodden direction saith Mr Culpepper because Midwives fingers differ so much in breadth he will imagine it to be meant foure inches and saith the Ancients jumped generally in that opinion This Tortuosity then or complicated nodosity which we usually call the Navell occasioned by the Colligation of vessels is a knot contrived by the Midwife and ensuing upon this action being a part after parturition of no profit or ornament And therefore at the Creation or extraordinary formation of Adam who immediately issued from the Artifice of God nor also that of Eve who was not solemnly begotten but suddenly framed and anamalously proceeded from Adam was any such knot as we now behold in our selves to be seen for it cannot be allowed Dr Brown Pseudo doxia Epid. l. 5. c. 5. as the Ingenious Reformer of popular errours demonstrates except we impute that unto the first cause which we imposed not on the second or what we deny unto Nature we impute unto Nativity it selfe that is that in the first and most accomplished piece the Creator affected superfluities or ordained-parts without all use or office Therefore this being a part not precedent but subsequent to Generation Nativity or parturition it cannot as he speakes be well imagined that it appeared in our prototype as in us his off-spring for to imagin so were to regulate Creation to Generation the first act of God unto the second of Nature Pinis Longi inconvenienti◠This we may however affirme in the honour of Nature that whatever augmentation in this or any other part is gained by Art or besides the will and ordinary allowance of Nature it is commonly attended with some inconvenience And there are reasons for it for the magnitude grossenesse and foule and immoderate longitude of the Organ of Generation is a twofold hinderance to fruitfulnesse as Hucherus notes Primùm quidem eo quod muliebre pudendum ut uteri cervix immaniter dilacerantur unde cicatrix relinquitur quae maris semen ante efflucre for as sinat quam id ipsum uterus prolectarit sic foeminam unam urinae incontinentia alterum perpetua Diarrhoca laborantem videre illi contigit divulso ab ejusmodi violento concubitu vesica alvique sphinctere Deinde quia interno uteri osculo graviter impulso percoitum contusoque ita prae dolore Mulier is voluptas interturbatur ut neque proprium semen emittat neque virile admittat excipiatque Est aliud incommodium quod longa mentula secum trahit cum foeminas uterinae suffocationis obnoxias reddat quod ligamenta uteri cervicem nimium in coitu elongando admodum laxet ut apparet ex observatione Spigelii and you see the inconveniencies after Conception that followes upon the ample furniture of these Ginnie Asinegoes Avicen hath taught a way how to magnifie this Part and indeed when it is lesse than is convenient it is an inequality of figure which may be corrected and the Directions conducing thereto are admitted by Montanus into the corrective part of Medicine Montanus Med. pars 1. Hae igitur sunt regulae docentes per methodum magnificare per attractionem multi alimenti ad locum calefaciendo fricando
376 Where women are Circumcised 380 The originall and reason of this invention 381 Where women excise themselves not from a notion of religion but as an ornament ibid. The error sin of this custome 380 How this Circumcision of a woman is done ibid. 381 Men with Members like Asses and where they have a great privy member in great esteem 389 399 Supposed to be nourished by art ibid. The just length and magnitude of the virile member when it is conform'd according to the law of Nature 400 Midwives supposed to be the cause either of the length or shortnes of the virile member according as they knit the navell string 400 401 The Anatomicall reason given thereof with the opinion of Spigelius 400 That whatsoever augmentation of parts is gained by Art besides the will and ordinary allowance of Nature it is commonly attended by some inconveniences 401 The reason of the inconvenience which follow the magnitude and the foule immoderate longitude of the Organ of generation 402 403 Where they use to binde up the Fore-skin of their Privities with a little cord and unty it not but to make water or when they use the act of Generation 381 An expostulation of this unnaturall restraint 382 Men whose Members hang down to their shanks 403 Pygmaei magno veretro 404 Where they adorne their Genitals with pretious stones 383 Where they deprive their secret parts of that which nature intended to make them more secret 383 How this is done and upon what pretence 383 384 Where women never have their flowers 390 By what meanes they prevent their monthly Flux ibid. Their ingratitude to Nature taxed for endeavouring to divert the ordinary course of Nature 391 Nations commended as more respective to nature in this particular 391 Where the women have a most streight and narrow neck of their wombe that they very hardly admit a Man 392 That this happens to them by art not by any benefit of Nature ibid. Where this art is familiarly and commonly practâ—sed 392 393 The miserable and dangerous effects of this artifice 393 Where the virgins use art to distend their Maliebria most capaciously 393 Where they to use sew up the private passage of Nature in their Female child leaving a small passage for their urine 394 â—9 Where the Midwives are wont to breake that membrane as unprofitable which Anatomists call Hymen 384 How they doe it ibid. The prodigious conceit of Nero who must needs have a boy cut and made forsooth a woman 407 The naturall change of women into men confuted by demonstration of Anatomy and Nature vindicated from being guilty of any such practicall Metamorphosis 405 That men to be changed into women is very rare 407 Nations of Hermophrodites who have the generative parts of both sexes 386 390 Hereticks that thought the first man was an Hermaphrodite 386 Their opinion confuted by Scripture ibid. and 387 The kindes of Hermophrodites ibid. That those who in old time were called by the name of Androgyni were reputed for prodigious Monsters 389 Ancient Records of such Hermophrodites ibid. The causes of Hermophrodites 390 S Shoulders HIgh-huff Shoulders where in fashion and naturall 280 Where their shoulders are higher then their Heads ibid. Some concurrent affectation suspected in these Nations ibid. Broad shoulders where in request and indeavoured or imitated by art 281 The inconveniences of broad shoulders and why Platonick Men are not affected by women ibid. Narrow and contracted shoulders where affected 282 With what art they of old affected this composure of the Shoulders ibid. This affectation of drawing the shoulder-points too neer noted and condemned ibid. Where the Noble Virgins Right Shoulders are higher and bigger then the left 283 The cause thereof enquired ibid. Crook-back'd Nations 284 T Teeth WHere red Teeth are accounted a great beauty 217 By what industry they attain unto this Dentall bravery ibid. Where the principall women take a pride in black Teeth 217 218 Black Teeth where a singular beauty 218 219 Where so greatly affected that the blacker they are the more beautifull they are esteemed and worthy of greater honour ibid. How they make them black ibid. Where they polish their black teeth which makes them shew like polish'd Ebony 219 Where they colour their Teeth red and black 217 How they colour them so ibid. Where the men and women in a foolish pride black their Teeth because Dogs Teeth forsooth 〈◊〉 white 219 Where the women guild their Teeth 221 White Teeth the true naturall beauty ibid. They condemned that alter the native candor of the Teeth ibid. Nations commended that are carefull to preserve the naturall beauty of the Teeth ibid. Their artifice whereby they make them look like polished Ivory ibid. Dentifrices commended which preserve the native whitenesse and integrity of the Teeth 222 Where they file their Teeth as sharp as needles ibid. Where they file their Teeth above and below as sharp as needles ibid. This custome condemned as contrary to the law of Nature 222 223 Pretended ends for filing of Teeth 213 An example thereof ibid. Where the women pull out foure of their Teeth two above and two below for a bravery And they that have not these Teeth out are loathsome to them 224 Where they pull out five or six Teeth for a fashionable Elegancy ibid. Where they have a custome to pull out all their Teeth 224 Where there are few to be found that have their native Teeth but they are pulled out and filed downe and artificiall ones set in their place 239 Their ingratitude to Nature noted ibid. The Teeth intended by nature to serve for an ornament and beauty to the mouth 225 The blemish and dammage these Nations sustaine by this foolish fashion ibid. What benefits of Nature they renounce for the mischiefe of so ridiculous a fashion ibid. That wantonly to pull out the Teeth is a transgression against the law of Nature 226 That what these have for a fashion some have decreed for a punishment 228 Where the men and women cover their Teeth with thin plates of gold 231 Who first invented the drawing out of aking Teeth 229 Where the Parents make a feast when their childrens Teeth begin to grow 230 A story of a sound tooth drawn out of anothers mouth inserted in the roome of a rotten tooth drawn out and taking root ibid. An example of one who having a tooth longer then the rest cut to cure the deformity fell into convulsion fits with the reasons of it ibid. Tongue VVHere they have cloven Tongues double from the root thought to be done by art as we slit the tongues of those birds wee would teach to speak 232 Hofmans appprobation of the story and linguall advantages they have who have really a double tongue 233 The strange advantages of this peculiar Art 234 That this art granted it is an audacious improvemeÌ„t of the tongue 234 An Infant born with a double Tongue 233 One with 11 tongues 11 mouths and 22 incompleate lips 234 The tongue of maÌ„ naturally double Anatomically approved by Gallen 233 The erronious perswasion of Midwives that the bridle of the tongue needs cutting in all Infants condemned 235 The ill consequences of this pernicious custome as they are noted by many learned Physitians 235 236 237 Camerarius his opinion how this never enough condemned custome might be introduced into the Midwives practise 236 The exact Symetry of the tongue and the providence of Nature in this particular cleered 237 What this ligament of the tongue is and its use 236 When is the true time of dissection of we suspect some defect 238 A cave at in that operation ibid. FINIS Workes of the Author already published CHIROLOGIA Or The Naturall Language of the Hand CHIRONOMIA Or The Art of Manuall Rhetorick PHILOCOPHUS Or The Deafe and Dumbe mans Friend PATHOMYOTOMIA Or A Dissection of the Muscles of the Affections of the Mind ANTHROPOMETAMORPHOSIS Man transform'd or the Artificiall Changling this now published Workes accomplished by the Authour which he may be induced hereafter to communicate CHIRETHNICALOGIA Or The Nationall expressions of the Hand CEPHALELOGIA Or The Naturall Language of the Head being an Extract of the most noble and Practicall Notions of Physiognomy CEPHALENOMIA Or The Art of Cephalicall Rhetorick VOX CORPORIS Or The Morall Anatomy of the Body The Academy of the Deafe and Dumbe Being the manner of Operation to bring those who are so borne to heare the sound of Words with their Eyes and thence to learn to speake with their Tongues VULTISPEX CRITICUS Seu Phisiognomia Medici GLOSSIATRUS Tractatus de removendis Loquelae impedimentis OTIATRUS Tractatus de removendis Auditionis impedimentis Hactenus Sacro Genii impulsui in intellectualem nostram complexionem operantis obsecundans dum in nova ferebat Animus Opera exegi non supererrogationis sed Augmentis scientiarum supplementalia In quibus de Republica literaria aliquid meruisse videor Faciendi librorum nullus multorum est finis eorundemque lectio defatigationi est carni Deinceps de propria aliena salute consultanda totus incumbam Caetera cateri Humanae Naturae Amasii FINIS