Therfore the reportyng of our tale may soone appere plaine if we firste expresse our mynde in plaine wordes and not seeke these rope â—ype termes whiche betraie rather a foole than commende a wyse man again if we orderly obserue circumstaunces tell one thyng after another from tyme to tyme not tumblyng one tale in an others necke tellyng halfe a tale and so leauyng it rawe hackyng hemmyng as though our wittes and our senses were a woll gatheryng Neither shoulde we suffer our tongue to runne before our witte but with much warenesse sette forthe our matter and speake our mynde euermore with iudgement We shal make our saiynges appere lykely and probable Yf we speake directely as the cause requireth if wee showe the very purpose of al the deuise frame our inuencion accordyng as we shal thynke them most willyng to allowe it that haue the hearyng of it The Narration reported in matters of iudgement shall seeme to stande with reason if wee make our talke to agree with the place tyme thyng and persone if we shall showe that whatsoeuer we say the same by al likelyhodes is true if our coniectures tookens reasons argumentes be suche that neither in them there appere any fablyng nor yet that any thyng was spoken whiche might of right otherwyse be taken and that wee not onely speake this but that diuers other of good creditie will stande with vs in defense of the same all whiche reportyng may sone bee lyked and the tale so tolde may be thougt very reasonable Yea we shall make our doynges seme reasonable if we frame our worke to natures wil and seke none other meanes but suche onely as the honest and wyse haue euer vsed and allowed bryngyng in and blamyng the euil alwaies for suche faultes chiefely wherunto thei most of al are like to be subiect â–ª as to accuse a spend al of thefte a whoremunger of adulterie a rash quareller of manslaughter so of other Sometimes it is good and profitable to be merie and pleasaunt in reportyng a matter against some maner of man and in some cause For neither against all men that offend nor yet against all matters shoulde the wittie alwaies vse iestyng And nowe for those that shall tel their mynde in the other kyndes of Oratorie as in the kynde Demonstratiue Deliberatiue in exhortyng or perswadyng the learned haue thought meete that they must also cal the whole summe of their matter to one especial poincte that the rather the hearers may better perceiue whereat they leauel al their reasons As if a Clarke do take in hande to declare Goddes hest he will after his Enteraunce tell what thyng is chiefely purposed in that place and nexte after showe other thynges annexed thereunto whereby not onely the hearers may gâ—tte great learnyng and take muche profite of his doctrine but he hym self may knowe the better what to say what order to vse and when to make an ende Some do vse after the literal sense to gather a misticall vnderstandyng and to expounde the saiynges spiritually makyng their Narration altogether of thynges heauenly Some rehersing a texte particularly spokeÌ„ applie thesame generally vnto all states enlargyng the Narration moste Godly by comparyng wordes long agoe spoken with thynges and matters that are presently done Notwithstanding the auncient fathers because they did onely expounde the Scriptures for the moste parte made no artificiall Narration but vsed to folowe suche order as the plaine text gaue theim So that if euery sentence were plainely â–ª opened to the hearers they went not muche farther sauyng that when any worde gaue them occasion to speake of some vice they woulde largely saie their mynde in that behaulfe As Chrisostome and Basile haue done with other The ware markyng and heedie obseruacion of tyme place and person may teache al menne that be not past teachyng howe to frame their Narration in all Controuersies that are called in Question and therfore when presente occasion shall geue good instruction what neede more lessons And especially seeyng nature teacheth what is comely and what is not comely for all tymes Yea what tell I nowe of suche lessons seeyng GOD hath raised suche worthe Preachers in this our tyme that their Godly and learned dooynges may be a moste iuste example for al other to folowe aswell for their lyuyng as for their learnyng I feare me the preceptes are more in noÌ„ber than wil be wel kepte or folowed this yeare ¶ Of Diuision AFter our tale is told and the hearers haue wel learned what wee meane the nexte is to reporte wherein the aduersarie and wee cannot agree and what it is wherin we do agree And then to part out suche principall poinctes whereof we purpose fully to debate and laie theim out to be knowen that the hearers may plainely see what we wil say and perceiue at a worde the substaunce of our meanyng Now Tullie would not haue a deuision to be made of or aboue thre partes at the most nor yet lesse than thre neither if nede so require for if we haue thre chief grouÌ„des wherupon to rest appliyng al our argumentes theruÌ„to we shal bothe haue matter enough to speake of the hearers shal with ease vnderstaÌ„d our meanyng the whole OratioÌ„ shal sone be it at an end Notwithstandyng this lesson must not so curiouslie be kepte as though it were synne to make the diuision of fower or fyue partes but it was spoken for this ende that the diuision shoulde be made of as fewe as may be possible that menne may the better carie it away and the reporter with more ease maie remember what he hath to saie Nowe in praisyng or dispraisyng in perswadyng or disswadyng diuisions muste also be vsed As if one woulde enueighe against those women that will not geue their owne chidren sucke he might vse this deuision Where as women commonly put their children furthe to nursyng I will first proue that it is bothe against the lawe of nature and also against Goddes holie wil Againe I wil showe that it is harmefull bothe for the childes bodie and also for his witte lastly I wil proue that the mother selfe falleth into muche sickenesse thereby First nature geueth milke to the woman for none other ende but that she shoulde bestowe it vpon her childe And we see beastes feede there youngones and why shoulde not women GOD also commaundeth all women to bryng vp their children Againe the childrens bodies shalbe so affected as the milke is whiche they receyue Nowe if the Nurse be of an euil complexion or haue some hidde disease the childe suckyng of her brest muste needes take parte with her And if that be true whiche the learned doe saie that the temperature of the mynde folowes the constitucion of the bodie needes must it be that if the Nurse be of a naughtie nature the childe muste take thereafter But be it the Nurse be of a good complexion of an honest behauiour
vertue to eschew vice wherein I vnderstande Horace ¶ Circumlocution CIrcumlocution is a large description either to sette forth a thyng more gorgeâ—uslie or els to hyde it if the eares cannot beare the open speakyng or when with fewe wordes we cannot open our meanyng to speake it more largely Of the first thus The valiaunt câ—urage of mightie Scipio subdued the force of Carthage and NumaÌ„tia Henry the fifte the most puissaunt Kyng of Englande with seuen thousand men toke the Frenshe Kyng prisoner with al the flower of nobilitie in Fraunce Of the seconde When Saule was casyng hymselfe vpon the grounde Dauid toke a peece of his garment tooke his weapon that laie by hym â–ª and might haue staine hym Suche a one defiled his bodie with suche an euill woman For the thirde parte the large commentaries written and the Paraphrasis of Erasmus englished are sufficient to showe the vse therof ¶ Vvhat is an Allegorie AN Allegorie is none other thyng but a Metaphore vsed throughout a whole sentence or Oration As in speakyng against a wicked offendour I might say thus Oh Lorde his nature was so euill and his witte so wickedly bente that he ment to bouge the shippe where he hymselfe sailed meanyng that he purposed the destruction of his owne countrie It is euill puttyng strong wine into weake vesselles that is to say it is euill trustyng some womeÌ„ with weightie matters The English Prouerbes gatherde by Ihon Heywood helpe wel in this behaulf the whiche commenly are nothyng elles but Allegories and darcke deuised sentences Now for the other fower figures because I mynde hereafter to speake more largely of them and Quintilian thynketh them more meete to be placed emong the figures of Exornacion I wil not trouble the reader with double inculcation and ewyse tellyng of one tale ¶ Of Schemes called otherwyse sentences of a worde and sentence I Might tary a longe tyme in declaryng the nature of diuerse Schemes whiche are woordes or sentencies altered either by speakyng or writyng contrarie to the vulgare custome of our speache without chaungyng their nature at all but because I knowe the vse of the figures in word is not so great in this our toÌ„gue I wil run them ouer with asmuche haste as I can ¶ The diuision of Schemes STraunge vsyng of any worde or sentence contrarie to our daiely wont is either when we adde or take away a sillable or a word or eucrease a sentence by chaunge of speache coÌ„trarie to the commune maner of speakyng ¶ Figures of a worde THose be called figures of a word when we chaunge a worde and speake it contrarie to our vulgare and daily speache Of the whiche sorte there are sixe in nomâ—er i. Addition at the first ij Abstraction from the first iij. Iuterlaâ—yng in the middest iiij Cuttyng from the middest v. Addyng at the ende vi Cuttyng from the end OF Addition As thus He did all to berattle hym Wherein appereth that a sillable is added to this worde rattle Here is good nale to sel for good ale Of Abstraction from the first thus As I romed al alone I ganne to thynke of matters greate In whiche sentence ganne is vsed for beganne Interlacyng in the middest As. Relligion for religion Cuttyng from the middest Idolatrie for Idololatrie Addyng at the end Hasten your busines for Haste your businesse Cuttyng from the end A faire may for maide Thus these figures are shortely sette out and as for the other Schemes whiche are vtterde in whole sentences and expressed by varitie of sreache I wil set them forth at large emong the coloures ornamentes of Elocution y t folowe ¶ Of coloures and ornamentes to commende and sette forth an Oration NOW when we are able to frame a sentence handsomly together obseruyng number and kepyng coÌ„position suche as shal lyke best the eare do know the vse of Tropes and can applie them to our purpose than thornamentes are necessarie in an OratioÌ„ sentences woulde bee furnished with moste beautifull figures Therfore to thende that they may be knowne suche as most commende and beautifie an Oration I wil set them forthe here in suche wise as I shal best be able folowyng the order whiche Tullie hath vsed in his Booke made of a perfite Oratour ¶ Restyng vpon a poyncte WHEN wee are earnest in a matter and feele the weight of our cause wee rest vpon some reason whiche serueth best for our purpose Wherin this figure appereth most helpeth muche to set forthe our matter For if we stil kepe vs to our strongest holde and make ofterecourse thither though we be dryueÌ„ through by-talke to go from it nowe and than we shall force them at length either so auoide our strong defence or elles to yelde into our handes ¶ An euident or plaine settyng forthe of a thyng as though it were presently doen. THis Figure is called a description or an euident declaratioÌ„ of a thyng as though we sawe it euen now doen. An example If our enemies shall inuade and by treason wynne the victorie we al shal dye euery mothers sonne of vs and our Citie shalbe destroied sticke stoone I see our children made slaues our daughters rauisshed our wifes caried away the father forced to kil his own sonne the mother her daughter the sonne his father the sucking child slaine in the mothers bosome one standyng to the kuees in anothers bloude Churches spoiled houses pluckte doune and al set in fier rounde about vs euery one cursyâ—g the day of their birth children criyng women wailyng and olde men passyng for vâ—ry thought and euery one thynkyng hymselfe most happy that is first ridde out of this worlde suche will the crueltie be of our enemies and with suche horrible hatred wil they seeke to dispatche vs. Thus where I might haue said we shal al be destroied and saie no more I haue by description sette the euill forth at large It muche auaileth to vse this figure in diuerse matters the whiche whosoeuer can do with any excellent gift vndoubtedly he shal muche delite the hearers The circumstaunces wel considered in euery cause geue muche matter for the plaine opening of the thyng Also similitudes examples coÌ„parisons from one thyng to another apte translacions and heaping of allegories and all suche figures as serue for amplifiyng do muche commende the liuely settyng forthe of any matter The miseries of the Courtiers lyfe might well be described by this kind of figure The commoditie of learnyng the pleasure of plowe men and the care that a Kyng hath And not onely are matters set out by description but men are painted out in their colours yea buildynges are set forth Kyngdomes and Realmes are portured places and tymes are described The Englishe man for feedyng and chaung of apparel The Duytche man for drynkyng The Frenche man for pryde and inconstaunce The SpaÌ„yard for nymblenes of bodie and muche disdaine The
speaketh what maÌ„ of reason will praise that before the Iudges before whom he knoweth the determinacion of his cause resteth whiche the Iudges self cannot abide to heare spoken at all Or doeth not he muche hinder his awne matter that wtthout al curtesie or preface made will largely speake euil of those men whom the hearers of his cause tenderly doo fauour Or be it that there be some notable faulte in thyne aduersary with whiche the Iudges also are infected were it not foly for thee to charge thyne aduersary with thesame CoÌ„sideryng the Iudges thereby maie thynke thou speakest against theim also and so thou maiest perhappes lose their fauour in sekyng suche defence made without all discrecion And in framing reasons to confirme the purpose if any be spoken plainly false or els contrary to that which was spoken before dooeth it not muche hynder a good matter Therefore in all causes this good hede ought to bee had that alwaies we labour to do some good in furtheryng of our cause or if we cannot so do at the least that we doo no harme at all ¶ There are three kyndes of causes or Oracions whiche serue for euery matter NOthyng can be handled by this arte but thesame is conteined within one of these .iij. causes Either the matter consisteth in praise or dispraise of a thyng or els in consultyng whether the cause be profitable or vnprofitable or lastly whether the matter be right or wrong And yet this one thyng is to be learned that in euery one of these foure causes these three seuerall endes maie euery of them be conteined in any one of them And therfore he that shall haue cause to praise any oâ—e body shall haue iuste cause to speake of iustice to entreate of profite and ioyntly to talke of one thyng with another But because these three causes are commonly and for the moste part seuerally parted I will speake of them one after another as thei are sette furthe by wise mennes iudgementes particularly declare their properties all in order The Oracion demonstratiue standeth either in praise or dispraise of some one man or of some one thyng or of some one deede doen. ¶ The kynde Demonstratiue wherein chiefly it is occupied THere are diuerse thynges whiche are praised and dispraised as menne Countreis Citees Places Beastes Hilles Riuers Houses Castles dedes doen by worthy menne and pollicies inuented by greate warriers but moste commonly meâ— are praised for diuerse respectes before any of the other thynges are taken in hande Nowe in praisyng a noble personage and in settyng furthe at large his worthinesse Quintilian geueth warnyng to vse this threfolded order To obserue thynges Before his life In his life After his death Before a mannes life are considered these places The Realme The Shire The Toune The Pareutes The Auncestours IN a mannes life praise muste be parted threfolde That is to saie into the giftes of good thynges of the mynde the body and of fortune Now the giftes of the body and of fortune are not praise worthy of their awne nature but euen as thei are vsed either to or fro so thei are either praised or dispraised Giftes of the mynde deserue the whole trumpe and sound commendacion aboue all other wherein wee maie vse the rehersall of vertues as thei are in order and beginnyng at his infaÌ„cie tell all his doynges till his last age ¶ The places whereof are these The birthe and infancie Whether the person be a man or a womaÌ„ The childhode The bryngyng vp y e nurturyng and the behauour of his life The stripelyng age or spryng tide To what study he taketh hymself vnto what company he vseth how he liueth The maÌ„nes state Wherunto are referred these Prowesses doen either abrode or at home The olde age His pollicies wittie deuises in behoue of the publique wele The tyme of his departure or deth Thynges that haue happened aboute his death NOw to open al these places more largely aswell those that are before a mannes life as suche as are in his life and after his death that the reader maie further se the profite I will do the best I caÌ„ The house wherof a noble personage came declares the state and nature of his auncesters his alliaunce and his kynsfolke So that suche worthy feactes as thei haue heretofore doen and al suche honors as thei haue had for suche their good seruice redowndes wholy to the encrease and amplifiyng of his honour that is now liuyng The Realme declares the nature of the people So that some Countrey brengeth more honor with it then another doth To be a Frenche manne descendyng there of a noble house is more honor then to be an Irishe manne to bee an Englishe manne borne is muche more honour then to be a Scotte because that by these men worthy prowesses haue been dooen and greater affaires by theim attempted then haue been doen by any other The Shire or Toune helpeth somewhat towardes the encrease of honour As it is muche better to bee borne in Paris then in Picardie in LoÌ„don then in Lincolne For that bothe the aire is better the people more ciuill and the wealth muche greater and the menne for the moste parte more wise To bee borne a manchilde declares a courage grauitie and constancie To be borne a woman declares weakenes of spirite neshenes of body and fikilnesse of mynde Now for the bringing vp of a noble personage his nurse must be considered his plaie felowes obserued his teacher and other his seruauntes called in remembraunce Howe euery one of these liued then with whom thei haue liued afterwardes and how thei liue now By knowyng what he taketh hymself vnto and wherin he moste deliteth I maie commende hym for his learnyng for his skill in the Frenche or in the Italian for his knowlege in Cosmographie for his skill in the lawes in the histories of all countreis and for his gift of endityng Again I maie coÌ„mende hym for plaiyng at weapons for runnyng vpon a greate horse for chargyng his staffe at the Tilte for vautyng for plaiyng vpon instrumentes yea and for paintyng or drawyng of a platte as in old tyme noble princes muche delited therein Prowesse doen declare his seruice to the Kyng and his countrey either in withstandyng the outwarde eâ—emie or els in aswagyng the rage of his awne couÌ„treymeÌ„ at home His wise counsaill and good aduise geuen settes furthe the goodnesse of his witte At the tyme of his departyng his sufferaunce of all sicknesse may muche commende his worthinesse As his strong harte and cherefull pacience euen to the ende cannot waÌ„t greate praise The loue of all men towardes hym and the lamentyng generally for his lacke helpe well moste highly to set furthe his honour After a mannes death are considered his tombe his cote armour set vp and all suche honours as are vsed in funeralles If any one liste to put these preceptes
ordeined in Paradise the other were geuen for a remedie this was appoincted for the felowshippe of felicitie the other were applied to mannes nature after the fall this onely was geuen when man was in moste perfite state If we counte those lawes good that mortall men haue enacted shall not the lawe of Matrimonie be moste holie whiche wee haue receyued of him by whome we haue receiued lyfe the whiche lawe was then together enacted wheÌ„ man was first created And lastly to strengthen this lawe with an example and deede doen Christe beyng an young man as the Storie reporteth was called to a Mariage and came thither willyngly with his mother and not onely was he there present but also he did honest the feaste with a wonderfull meruaile begynnyng first in none other place to worke his wounders and to doe his miracles Why then I praie you will one saie howe happeneth it that Christ forbare Mariage as though good Seir there are not many thynges in Christe at the whiche we ought rather to meruaile than seeke to folowe he was borne and had no father he came into this worlde without his mothers painefull trauaile he came out of the graue when it was closed vp what is not in hym aboue nature Let these thynges be propre vnto hym Let vs that lyue within the boundes of nature reuerence those thynges that are aboue nature and folowe suche thynges as are within our reache suche as we are able to compasse But yet you saie he woulde bee borne of a Uirgine Of a Uirgine I graunt but yet of a maried Uirgine A Uirgyne beyng a mother did moste become GOD and beyng maried she did showe what was beste for vs to doe Uirginitie did become her who beyng vndefiled brought hym forthe by heauenly inspiration that was vndefiled And yet Ioseph beyng her housbande dothe commende vnto vs the lawe of chaiste wedlocke Yea howe coulde he better sette out the societie in wedlocke than that willyng to declare the secrete societie of his diuine nature with the bodie and soule of man whiche is wonderfull euen to the heauenly Aungelles and to showe his vnspeakable and euer abidyng loue towarde his Churche he doeth call hym selfe the Brydegrome and her the Bryde Greate is the Sacrament of Matrimonie saith Paule betwixt Christe and his Churche If there had bene vnder heauen any holier yoke if there had bene any more religiouse couenaunt than is Matrimonie without doubte the example thereof had bene vsed But what lyke thyng doe you reade in all Scripture of the syngle lyfe The Apostle S. Paul in the thirteen Chapi of his Epistle to the Hebrues calleth Matrimonie honourable emong all men and a bedde vndefiled and yet the syngle lyfe is not so muche as ones named in the same place Nay they are not borne withall that lyue syngle except they make some recompence with doyng some greater thyng For elles if a man folowyng the lawe of nature doe labour to gette children he is euer to be preferred before hym that lyueth still vnmaried for none other ende but because he woulde bee out of trouble and lyue more free Wee doe reade that suche as are in very deede chaiste of their body and lyue a Uirgines lyfe haue bene praised but the syngle lyfe was neuer praised of it selfe Nowe againe the lawe of Moses accurseth the barrenesse of maried folke and wee doe reade that some were excemmunicated for the same purpose and banished from the aultar And wherefore I praie you Marie Sir because that they like vnprofitable persones and liuyng onely to theim selues did not encrease the worlde with any issue In Deuteronomie it was the chiefest token of Goddes blessynges vnto the Israelites that none shoulde be barren emong them neither man nor yet woman And Lya is thought to bee out of Goddes fauour because she coulde not bryng furth children Yea and in the Psalme of Dauid an hundreth twentie and eight it is counted one of the chiefest partes of blesse to bee a frutefull woman Thy wyfe sayeth the Psalme shalbe plentifull lyke a vine and thy children lyke the braunches of Olyues rounde about thy Table Then if the lawe do condempne and vtterly dissalowe barren Matrimonie it hath alwaies muche more condempned the syngle lyfe of Bacchelaures Yf the fault of nature hath not escaped blame the will of man can neuer wante rebuke Yf they are accursed that woulde haue children and can gette none what deserue they whiche neuer trauaile to escape barreinesse The Hebrues had suche a reuerence to maried folke that he whiche had maried a wyfe the same yeare shoulde not be forced to go on warrefaire A Citie is lyke to fall in ruine excepte there be watchemen to defende it with armour But assured destruction muste here needes folowe excepte men throughe the benefite of Mariage supplie issue the whiche through mortalitie doe from tyme to tyme decaie Ouer besides this the Romaines did laie a penaltie vpon their backe that liued a syngle lyfe yea they would not suffer theÌ„ to beare any office in the coÌ„mure weale But thei that had encreased the world with issue had a reward by coÌ„imune assent as men that had deserued well of their countrie The olde foren lawes did appoincte peâ—â—lties for suche as liued syngle the whiche although they 〈◊〉 qualified by Constantius the Emperour in the fauor of Christes religioÌ„ yet these lawes do declare howe litle it is for the commune weales aduauncement that either a Citie should be lessened for loue of sole life or els that the countrie shoulde be filled ful of bastardes And besides this the Emperour Augustus being a sore punisher of euil behauiour examined a souldior because he did not marie his wife accordyng to the lawes the whiche souldiour had hardely escaped iudgement if he had not gotte .iij. children by her And in this point doe the lawes of al Emperours seeme fauourable to maried folke that they abrogate suche vowes as were proclaimed to be kept and brought in by Miscella and woulde that after the penaltie were remitted suche couenauntes beyng made against al right and conscience shoulde also be taken of none effect and as voide in the lawe Ouer and besides this Ulpianus doth declare that the matter of Dowries was euermore and in al places the chiefest aboue al other the whiche should neuer haue bene so excepte there came to the coÌ„mune weale some especial profite by mariage Mariage hath euer bene reuerenced but frutefulnesse of body hath bene muche more for so sone as one gotte the name of a father there discended not onely vnto him enheirtaunce of lande but al bequestes and gooddes of suche his frendes as dyed intestate The whiche thyng appereth plaine by the Satyre Poete Through me thou art made an heire to haue lande Thou hast al bequestes one with another All gooddes and cattel are come to thy hande Yea gooddes intestate thou shalt haue suer Now he
worse then he But now death hath assured your grace that you maie warrant your self of their godly ende whereas if God had spared them life thynges might haue chaunced otherwise In wishyng longer life we wishe often tymes loÌ„ger woe longer trouble longer foly in this world and weye all thynges well you shall perceiue wee haue small ioye to wishe longer life This imaginacion of longer life when the life standeth not by nomber of yeres but by the appoyncted will of God maketh our foly so muche to appere our teares so continually to fall froÌ„ our chekes For if we thought as we should dooe in deede that euery daie risyng maie be the ende of euery man liuyng and that there is no difference with God betwixt one daie and an huÌ„dreth yeres we might beare all sorowes a greate deale the better Therfore it wer moste wisedome for vs all and a greate poynct of perfeccion to make euery daie an euen rekeuyng of our life and talke so with God euery houre that we maie bee of euen borde with hym through fulnes of faithe and redy to go the next houre folowyng at his commaundemente and to take alwaies his sendyng in good part The lorde is at hande We knowe not when he will come at mid night at cocke crowe or at noone daies to take either vs or any of ours Therfore the rather that we maie be armed let vs folowe the examples of other godly men and lay their doynges before our iyes And emoÌ„g all other I knowe none so mete for your graces comfort as the wise and Godly behauiour of good Kyng Dauid Who when he was enfourmed that his sonne was sicke praied to God hartly for his amendement wept fasted with muche lamentacion declared greate heauinesse But when woorde came of his sonnes departure he left his mournyng he called for water and willed meate to be set before hym that he might eate WherupoÌ„ when his men marueiled why he did so consideryng he toke it so greuously before when his child was but sicke and now beyng dedde toke no thought at all he made this answere vnto theim so long as my child liued I fasted and watered my plantes for my young boye and I saied to my self who can â—ell but that God perhappes will geue me hym and that my child shall liue but now seyng he is dedde to what ende should I faste Can I call hym again any more Naye I shall rather go vnto hym he shall neuer come againe vnto me And with that Dauid comforted his wife Bethsabe the whiche example as I truste your grace hath redde for your comfort so I hope you will also folowe it for youre healthe and bee as strong in pacience as euer Dauid was The historie it self shall muche delighte youre grace beeyng redde as it lieth in the Booke better then my bare touchyng of it can dooe a greate deale The whiche I doubte not but your grace will often reade and comforte other your self as Dauid did his sorowfull wife Iob losyng his children and all that he had forgatte not to praise God in his extreme pouertie Tobias lackyng his iye sighte in spirite prased GOD and with open mouthe confessed his holy name to bee magnified throughout the whole yearthe Paule the Apostle of God reproueth theÌ„ as worthy blame whiche mourne and lament the losse of their derest I would not brethren ê™ he that you should be ignorant concernyng them whiche be fallen on slepe that you sorowe not as other doo whiche haue no hope If we beleue that Iesus died and rose again euen so thei also whiche slepe by Iesus wil God bryng again with hym Then your grace either with leauyng sorowe must shewe your self faithfull or els with yeldyng to your wo declare your self to be without hope But I trust your grace beyng planted in Christ will shew with sufferaunce the fruicte of your faithe and comforte your self with the wordes of Christ I am the resurreccioÌ„ and the life he that beleueth on me yea though he wer dedde yet should he liue and whosoeuer liueth and beleueth in me shal neuer die We read of those that had no knowlege of God and yet thei bare in good worth the discease of their children Anaxogoras hearyng tell that his sonne was dedde no maruail ê™ he I knowe well I begot a mortall body Pericles chief ruler of Athens hearyng tell that his twoo sonnes beyng of wonderfull towardnesse within foure daies wer bothe ded neuer greately chaunged countenaunce for the matter that any one could perceiue nor yet forbare to go abrode but accordyng to his woÌ„ted custome did his duetie in the counsail house in debatyng matters of weighte concernyng the state of the common peoples weale But because your grace is a woman I will shewe you an example of a noble woman in whom appered wonderfull pacience Cornelia a worthy ladie in Rome beyng comforted for the losse of her twoo children Tiberius and Caius Gracchus bothe valiaunt ientle men although bothe not the moste honest menne whiche died not in their beddes but violently were slain in Ciuill battaill their bodies liyng naked and vnburied when one emoÌ„gest other saied Oh vnhappie woman that euer thou shouldest se this daie Naie ê™ she I wil neuer thinke my self otherwise then moste happy that euer I brought furthe these two Gracchions If this noble lady could thinke her self happie beyng mother to these twoo valiaunt ientlemen yet both rebelles and therefore iustly slain Howe muche more maye youre grace thynke youre self moste happie that euer you broughte furthe twoo suche Brandons not onely by natural birth but also by most godly education in such sort that the lyke .ij. haue not been for their towardnes vniuersallie Whose deathe the general voice of all men declares howe muche it was lamented So that whereas you might euer haue feared some daungerouse ende you are nowe assured that they both made a most godly ende the whiche thyng is the ful perfection of a ChristiaÌ„ lyfe I reade of one Bibulus that hearyng of his two children to dye both in one daie lamented the lacke of them bothe for that one daye and mourned no more And what coulde a man doe lesse than for two children to lament but one daie and yet in my mynde he lamented enough and eueÌ„ so muche as was reason for hym to do whose doynges if all Christians woulde folowe in my iudgement they shoulde not onely fulfill natures rule but also please God highly Horatius Puluillus beeyng highe Prieste at Rome when he was occupied about the dedicatyng of a Temple to their greate God Iuppiter in the Capitoly holdyng a post in his hande and hard as he was vtteryng the solempne wordes that his sonne was dead euen at thesame present he did neither plucke his hande from the post lest he shoulde trouble suche a solempnitie neither yet turned his countenaunce from that publique religioÌ„ to his priuate sorowe least he
noughte so communely said I wil handle you like a warde She is a steppe mother to me that is to saye she is not a naturall mother who is worsse shodde then the shomakers wife that is to saye gentilmens children full ofte are kepte but meanelye Trotte sire and trotte damme how should the fole amble that is when bothe father and mother were noughte it is not like that the childe wil proue good without an especial grace of God Likeryshe of tongue lighte of taile that is he or she that will fare dainetelye will ofte liue full wantonlye Sone rype sone rotten Honoure chaungeth maners Enoughe is as good as a feaste It is an euill coke that can not liâ—ke his owne fingers I will soner truste mine eye then myne eare But what nede I heape all these together seynge Heywodes Prouerbes are in prynte where plentye are to be hadde whose paynes in that behalfe are worthye immortall prayse Thinges notable in this life are those the which chaunce to fewe As this To see a man of an hundred yeres of age A yonge chylde as sober as a man of fiftye yeres A woman that hath hadde .xxiiij. chyldren A man once worthe three or foure thousande pownde now not worthe a grote A yong man fayrer then anye woman A woman that hath had seueÌ„ or eyght husbandes A man able to draw a yarde in his bow besides the feathers A man merye nowe and deade wythin halfe an houre after There is none of all these but serue muche to make oure talke appeare vehemente and encrease the weight of communication As for example If one woulde perswade an olde man to contemne the vanities of thys worlde he might vse the examples of sodayne death shew that childreÌ„ haue dyed in their mothers lappe some in their cradell some stryplinges some elder that not one emonge a thousande commeth to thre score yeres Or be it that some lyue an hundred yeares beyonde the which not one in this last age passeth what is there in this lyfe for the whiche anye manne shoulde desire to liue longe seynge that olde age bringeth this onelye commoditye wyth it that by longe liuinge we see many thinges that we woulde not see and that manye a manne hath shortened his life for wearines of this wretched worlde â–ª Or what thoughe some pleasures are to be hadde in this life what are they al to the pleasures of the lyfe to come Lykewise in speakinge of euill happe I myght brynge him in that was once worthe three thousande pounde and is not nowe worthe three grotes and perswade menne either to set lyghte by riches or elles to comforte theim and perswade theim not to take thought seyng great harmes haue happened to other heretofore and time maye come when God will sende better These sentences aboue rehearsed being largely amplified encrease much any suche kinde of matter â—vhat is amplification AMplification is a figure in Rhetorique which coÌ„sisteth mooste in Augmentynge and diminishynge of anye matter and that diuers wayes The deuision of Amplification AL Amplification and diminishynge eyther is takâ—n oute of the substaunce in thinges or els of wordes Oute of the substaunce and matter affections are deriued oute of wordes suche kindes of amplification as I wyl nowe shewe and partly haue shewed before when I spake of the Conclusion or lappynge vp of anye matter The firste kinde of Amplification is when by chaunging a woorde in augmentynge we vse a greater but in diminishynge we vse a lesse Of the firste this may be an example When I see one sore beaten to saye he is slayne to call a naughtye felowe thiefe or hangemanne when he is not knowen to be anye suche To call a womanne that hathe made a scape a commune harlot to call an Alehouse haunter a dronkarde to call one that is troublâ—d with choler and often angrye a madde manne to call a pleasaunte gentilman a raylynge iester to call a couetous man a deuill Of the latter these examples shalbe when one hath sore beaten his felowe for the same manne to saye that he hathe scant touched him When one hath sore wounded another to saye that he hurt him but a little when one is sore sicke to be saide he is a little crased In lyke maner also when we geue vices the names of vertue as when I cal him that is a cruell or mercilesse man somewhat soore in iudgement When I call a naturall foole a playne symple man when I call a notable flatterer a fayre spoken man a glutton a good felowe at hys table a spende all a liberall gentilman a snudge or pynche penye a good husbande a thriftye man Nowe in all these kindes where woordes are amplified they seme muche greater if by corretion the sentence be vtterde and greater wordes compared with them for whome they are vtterde In the whiche kynde of speache we shal seme as thoughe we wente vp by stayres not onelye to the toppe of a thinge but also aboue the toppe There is an example hereof in the seueÌ„th action that Tullie made against Uerres It is an offence to bynde a Citezen of Rome with chaynes it is an haynous deede to whyppe him it is worse then manslaughter to kyll him what shall I call it to hang hym vp vpon a gibet If one woulde commende the aucthoritye whiche he alledgeth he myght saye thus These wordes are no fables vtterde emonge men but an assured truth lefte vnto vs by wrytynge and yet not by anye commune writynge but by suche as all the worlde hathe confirmed and agreed vpon that it is autentique and canonicall neyther are they the wordes of one that is of the commen sort but they are the wordes of a doctour in the church of God and yet not the woordes of a deuine or doctoure of the commune sorte but of an Apostle and yet not of one that is the worste but of Paule that is the best of al other and yet not Paules but rather the wordes of the holye ghost speakyng by the mouthe of Paule He that loueth to enlarge by this kinde must marcke well the circumstaunces of thinges and heapynge them altogether he shall with ease espye how one thinge riseth aboue an other And because the vse hereof extendeth largelye I wâ—ll largelye vse examples As thus If a gentleman and officer of the kinges beynge ouercharged at Supper with ouermuche dryâ—ke and surfetyng with gorge vpon gorge should vomite the next daye in the Parliamente house I myght enueyghe thus O shameful dede not onelye in sighte to be lothed but also odious of all men to be hearde If thou haddest done this dede at thyne owne house beynge at Supper wyth thy wyfe and children who would not haue thought it a filthy dede but now for the to do it in the Parliamente house emong so manye gentilmeÌ„ such yea the best in al England beyng bothe an officer of the kynges and a man of muche aucthoritye and there to caste
bee to brode and these barres be ouer bigge for looke what is geuen to one by commendyng the same is streight taken away by buttyng Therfore suche are not to be lyked that geue a man a shoulder of mutton and breake his heade with the spitte when thei haue doen. And yet this is many a maÌ„s nature especially where enuie hath any grounded dwellyng place whose propertie is alwaies to speake nothyng of other without reproche and slaunder In mouyng affections and stirryng the iudges to be greued the weight of the matter must be so set forth as though they saw it plaine before their â—yes the report must be suche and the offence made so hainouse that the like hath not been seene heretofore and al the circuÌ„staunces must thus be heaped together The naughtines of his nature that did the dead the cruel orderyng the wicked dealyng and maliciouse handelyng the tyme the place the maner of his doyng and the wickednesse of his wil to haue doen more The man that susteined the wrong how litle he deserued how wel he was estemed emong his neighbours home small cause he gaue hym how great lacke men haue of hym Now if this be not reformed no good man shal lyue saufe the wicked wil ouerflowe al the world best it were for sauegard to be nought also and to take parte with them for no good man shal goe quiet for them if there be not spedie redresse found and this faulte punished to thexample of al other Quintiliane coucheth together in these few wordes the ful heape of suche an heauouse matter by gatheryng it vp after this sorte i. What is doen. ij By whome iij. Against whome iiij Upon what mynde v. At what tyme. vi In what place vij After what sorte viij How muche he would haue doen. IF one bâ—e beaten blacâ—e and blewe wee take it greuously but if one be slain â–ª we are muche more troubled Again if a slaue or ruffine shall do suche a dede we are displeased but if an officer a preacher or an hed iâ—ntleman should vse any slauerie wee are muche more agreued Yea or if a very notable euill man commit suche an horrible offence we thynke hym worthy to haue the lesse fauor If a sturdy felowe be stroken we are not so muche disquieted as if a child a woman an aged man a good man or a chief officer should be euil vsed If the offence be committed vpon a prepensed mynde and wilfully wee make muche more a do then if it were doen by chauÌ„ce medly If it be doen vpon an holy daie or els vpon â—he daie of Assise or vpon the daie of a kynges coronacion or about suche a solâ—mpne tyme or if it bee dooen in the nighte rather then at Noone daies we make the matter greater then if it had bâ—en dooen at another tyme. In the course if one strike a man it is â—hought greater then if he should strike hym in the opâ—n streate The maner of dooyng also doeth muche moue the pacience of meÌ„ as if one should cowardly kill one and strike hym sodainly â–ª he were worthy greater blame then if he should manfully set vpon hym or if one kill his felowe secreâ—ly with a gunne â–ª he wer worthy more hâ—tred then if he killed hym with a sword or if he wounded hym sore or cruelly mangeled hym we crie out muche more then if he had barely killed hym And lasâ— of al if his will had been to haue doen muche more then he did we encrease our anger against his rage muche more then euer we would els haue doen. ¶ Of mouyng pitee Nowe in mouyng pitie and stirryng menne to mercie the wrong doen must first be plainly told or if the Iudges haue susteined the lâ—â—e excremitâ—e the best wer to will them to remeÌ„bre their awn state how thei haue been abused in like maner what wronges thei haue suffered by wicked doers that by hearyng their awne thei maie y â— better hearken to others Again whereas all other miseries that befall vnto man are greuous to the â—are there is nothing more heâ—nous then to heare that the most honest men are sonâ—st ouerthroweâ— by theÌ„ that are moste wicked and vertue put to flight through the onely might of vice That if the like hath not happened vnto the hearers of this cause yet it wer mere to shewe theÌ„ that the like maie happeÌ„ and so require them to geue iudgement in this cause as thei would doo in their awne and remâ—mber that harme may chaunce to euery one that perhappes chaunceth to any one And no doubt euery man remembryng hymself and his awne case will loke well about hym and geue iudgement accordyng to right Neither can any good be doen at all when we haue saied all that euer we can excepte we bryng thesame affeccions in our awne harte the whiche wee would the Iudges should beare towardes our awne matter For how can he be greued with the report of any heinous acte either in stomackyng the naughtinesse of the deede or in bewailyng the miserable misfortune of the thyng or in fearyng muche the like euill hereafter excepte the Oratour hymself vtter suche passions outwardly and from his harte fetche his complaintes in suche sort that the matter maie appere bothe more greuous to the eare therwith so heinous that it requires earnestly aspedy reformacion There is no substaunce of it self that wil take fire excepte ye put fire to it Likewise no mannes nature is so apt streight to be heated except the Orator himself be on fire and bryng his heate with hym It is a common saiyng nothyng kyndeleth soner then fire And therefore a fierie stomack â—auseth euermore a fierie tongue And he that is heated with zeale and godlinesse shall set other on fire with like affeâ—cion No one man can better enuiegh against vice then he can do â–ª whiche hateth vice with al his harte Again nothyng moysteâ—h soner then water Therefore a wepyng iye causeth muche moysture and prouoketh teares Neither is it any meruaile for suche men bothe in their countenauÌ„ce tongue iyes gesture and in all their body els declare an outwarde grief and with wordes so vehemently and vnfeinedly settes it forward that thei will force a man to be sory with them and take part with theâ—r teares euen against his will â—oâ—withstandyng when suche affeâ—cioÌ„â— are moued it wer good â—ot to stande long in theÌ„ For though a vehement talke maie moue teares yet no arte can long hold theim For as Cicero doth saie nothyng drieth soner then teares especially when we lament another mans cause be sory w t him for his sake But now that I haue taught men to be sory I wil atteÌ„pt again to make them mery and shewe what learned men saie concernyng laughter in delityng the hearers wheÌ„ tyme and place shall best require ¶ Of deâ—ityng the hearers and stirryng them to laughter COnsideryng the
that would not haue the Bible to bee in Englishe and after earnest probacion of his cause saied thus but me thynkes I heare one saie Sir you make muche a dooe aboute a litle matter what were we the worse if we had no scripture at al To whom he answered the scripture is left vnto vs by Goddes awne will that the rather we might knowe his commaundementes liue therafter al the daies of our life Sometymes this figure is vsed when we saie we will not speake this or that yet doo notwithstandyng As thus Suche a one is an Officer I will not saie a briber Righte is hyndered throughe mightâ— I will not saie ouerwhelmed Thus in saiyng we will not speake we speake our mynde after a sort notwithstandyng ¶ A Similitude A Similitude is a likenesse when .ij. thynges or mo then two are so coÌ„pared and resembled together that thei bothe in some one propertie seme like Oftentymes brute beastes and thynges that haue no life minister greate matter in this behalfe Therefore those that delite to proue thynges by similitudes must learne to knowe the nature of diuerse beastes of metalles of stones and al suche as haue any vertue in them be applied to mannes life Sometymes in a worde appereth a similitude whiche beyng dilated helpeth wel for amplificacioÌ„ As thus You striue against the streme better bowe then breake It is euill runnyng against a stone wall A man maie loue his house wel and yet not ride vpon the ridge By all whiche any one maie gather a similitude and enlarge it at pleasure The prouerbes of Heiwode helpe wonderfull well for this purpose In comparyng a thyng from the lesse to the greater Similitudes helpe well to set out the matter That if we purpose to dilate our cause hereby with poses and sentences wee maie with ease talke at large This shall serue for an eâ—ample The more precious a thyng is the more diligently should it bee kepte and better hede taken to it Therfore tyme coÌ„sideryng nothyng is more precious should warely bee vsed and good care taken that no tyme bee lost without some profite gotten For if thei are to be punished that spende their money and waist their landes what folie is it not to thynke theim worthie muche more blame that spend their tyme whiche is the chifest treasure that God geueth either idlely or els vngodly For what other thyng doeth manne lose when he loseth his tyme but his life And what can bee more deare to man then his life If wee lose a litle money or a ryng of golde with a stone in it we compt that greate losse And I praie you wheÌ„ wee lose a whole daie whiche is a good porcion of a mannes life shall wee not compte that a losse consideryng though our money bee gone wee maie recouer thesame again but tyme lost can neuer be called backe again Again wheÌ„ we lose our money some bodye getteth good by it but the losse of time turneth to no mannes auayle There is no man that loseth in anye other thynge but some bodye gayneth by it sauynge onelye in the losse of time Yea it hathe saued the lyfe of some to lose al that they hadde For riches be the occasion sometimes of muche mischiefe in this lyfe so that it were better sometymes wastefullye to spende then warely to keepe by the losse of time no man hath profited him selfe any thing at all Besides this the better more precious a thing is the more shame to speÌ„d it fondly Though meÌ„ kepe their goodes neuer so close and locke them vp neuer so fast yet often times either by some mischaunce of fyre or other thinge they are lost or els desperate Dickes borowes nowe and then againste the owners wille all that euer he hathe And now though y e owner be vndone yet is he not therfore dishonest considerynge honestye standeth not in wealthe or heapes of money But the losse of tyme seynge it happeneth throughe oure owne folye not onelye dothe it make vs wretches but also causeth menne to thinke that wee are paste all grace A wonderfull kynde of infamie when the whole blame shall reste vpon none other mannes necke but vpon his onelye that suffereth all the harme Wyth money a manne maye bye lande but none can gette honestie of that pryce and yet with well vsinge of tyme a manne not onely might get him muche worshippe but also myghte purchase himself a name for euer Yea in a smal time a man might get greate fame and liue in much estimation By losinge of money wee lose little elles by losynge of time wee lose all the goodnes and gyftes of GOD whiche by laboure might be hadde Thus a Similitude myghte be enlarged by heapynge good sentences when one thinge is compared wyth an other and a conclusion made therupon Emonge the learned menne of the Churche no one vseth this figure more then Chrisostome whose writynges the rather seme more pleasaunte and swete For similitudes are not onelye vsed to amplifie a matter but also to beautifie the same to delite the hearers to make the matter playne and to shewe a certaine maiestye wyth the reporte of suche resembled thinges but because I haue spokeÌ„ of similitudes heretofore in the boke of Logique I will surcesse to talke anye further of this matter ☞ Example HE that myndeth to perswade muste neades be well stored with examples And therfore muche are they to be commended whiche searche Chronicles of all ages and compare the staâ—e of our elders with this preseâ—te time The historye of Goddes boke to the christian is infallible and therfore the rehearsall of suche good thinges as are therin conteyned moue the faythfull to all vpright doinge and amendmente of their lyfe The Ethnicke aucthoures styrre the hearers beynge well applyed to the the purpose For when it shall be reported that they whiche hadde no knowledge of God liued in a brotherlye loue one towardes an other detested aduoutrye banished periures hanged the vnthanckefull kepte the ydle withoute meate tyll they laboured for their liuynge suffered none extorcion exempted Brybers frome bearynge rule in the commune Weale the Christians muste neades be ashamed of their euyll behauiour and studye much to passe those whiche are in callynge muche vnder theim and not suffer that the ignoraunte and Paganes lyfe shall counteruayle the taughte chyldren of God and passe the Christians so much in good liuynge as the Christians passe theim in good learninge Uneguall examples commende muche the matter I call theim vneguall when the weaker is brought in againste the stronger as if chyldren be faythfull much more ought menne to be faythfull If womeâ—ne be chaste and vndefiled menne shoulde muche more be cleane and wythoute faulte If an vnlearned manne wyll do no wronge a learned man and a preacher muste muche more be vprighte and liue without blame If an housholder will deale iustlye with his seruauntes a Kynge muste muche the rather â—eale iustelye
.xii. Iob. Tobias â— Thessa .iiii. 〈…〉 Anaxogoras Pericles Cornelia Bibulus Horatius Puluillus Paulus Emilius Quintus â—â—â—tius Iulius Cesar. Tyberius Cesar Sap .iiii. Trees lyue loÌ„ger then men The Stagge how long he liueth Man what he is concernyng his body Rype thynges last not long Math. v. Paciâ—Ì„ce praise worthie in aduersitie Definition of a thyng must first be knoweÌ„ ere we speake oâ—â— mynd at large Rouyng with 〈◊〉 reason Plinies counsel for handeling of causâ—â— A State generally what it is State in Iudgement what it is State why it is so called Math. v. 〈…〉 〈…〉 Lawyers Confessyng what it is The diuision Blamyng other how 〈◊〉 is saied Comparyng the faulte Sâ—guntines Shiftyng the fault from vs A beginnyng what it is Insinuacion â—â—re thynges moste mere for euery Orator To make the hearers to vnderstande the matter To make hearers attentiuâ—â— â–ª Demosthenes tale of the Asses shadowe To gettâ— the hearers good will Insinuacion Myrth makyng good at the begynning Straung thinges some tyme nedeful to be tolde at the first Enteraunces apt to the purpose â—nteraunces apt for Preacheâ—s Naâ—ration i. Brife ii Plaine iii. Probable â—râ—uitie howe 〈◊〉 might be vsed Plaâ—â—enâ—s how it might be vsed Probalitie how it might be vsed Narration 〈◊〉 iudgement Narration in praisyng and counsel geuyng Preachers what order they vse Diuision of thre partes at the most â—vomen rebuked that nurse not their owne children 〈…〉 Thankfulnes what it is 〈…〉 〈…〉 Confutacion Placed of Logâ—â—ue moste nedefull Conclusion what it is Conclusion of twoo sortes Athenians for bad conclusioÌ„s 〈◊〉 Lowlinesse Backbityng 〈…〉 〈…〉 Liberality coÌ„mended wyth heapes of sentences Prouerbes alleged helpe AmplificatioÌ„ Thynges notable or straunge helpe forward Amplification Diminution Correction Slaunder a greater offâ—Ì„ce then theftâ— Storkes â—ipers Amplification by coniectures Affections mouyng â—vith praisyng dispraisyng vsed Descriptioâ— of an euil wicke offence doen. what is dâ—en By whom Against whoâ— â—pon what mynde At what 〈◊〉 In what place After what sorte How muche he would He that will stirre affeccioÌ„s to other â–ª muste first be moued hymself Heate causeth heate A wepyng iye â—râ—uoketh mâ—ysture Laughter mâ—uyng Mirthe howe many waies 〈◊〉 is moued Preaâ—heâ—s â–ª 〈…〉 â— Peter .v. Math .x. Iestyng when it should bee spaced Mirthe makyng twoo waies vsed Pleasauntnes in a â—aiyng Diâ—ference betwiâ—te a common iesteâ— and a pleasaunt wise manne Pleasaunt answeres made coÌ„trary to our lokyng delite vs muche Diogenes wordes doubt fully spoken Chaungyng of a letter or alâ—ering parte of a word or adding a sillaâ—le Interpretaâ—â—on of a word â—vordes takâ— and not the meanyng An aunswere from euyll to worse â—â—udgynge witâ—ely reâ—uked A wittie deuised tale to gâ—t ryght iudgmeÌ„t A 〈◊〉 blyâ—d answere â—â—ordes oâ—ertâ—wartly aunswered 〈◊〉 betwirt a 〈◊〉 in a word 〈◊〉 a â—est in a longâ—â—ale Deformitie of bodye moueth myrthe Augmentyng or dâ—minishynge Openynge a weyghtye 〈◊〉 vnknowen â—hynge Dissemblyng◠〈…〉 〈◊〉 â—nnius pleasaunt answer to Nasica â— maÌ„ mâ—â—â—ed with the sâ—me he bryngeth Diogenes doggysh aunsweâ— in despyte of â—omen â—vishyng Coniectures Thynges wantyng Familiare aduise geuyng Thynges â—â—â—ken contrarie to expcction A lye mocked with a lye Grauntyng to oâ—her thesame that they wil not graunt to vs. Better be born a begger than dye a begger Salust Pleasaunt diâ—semâ—lyng in outwarde behauiour Checkyng a lyar with an open mocke Order of what sorte it is Rhetorique what it â—eaâ—â—heth for orderyng of thynges Argumentes howe they should be digested Thuse of arte Eloquent men moste estemed Barbarous clerkes no better then sloueÌ„s Plaines what it is An ynkehorne letter Roperâ—pe châ—â—yng Foure thinges obserued for choyse of wordes Aptnes Vâ—â—apte vsyng of apt wordes Composicion what it is Faules in coÌ„posicion Exornation Thre maneâ— of stiles or endiâ—inges Exornaâ—ion â— by coloures of Rhetorique Tropes how they wer fyrst â—ounded â–ª Trope what it is Deuision of Tropes Metaphora word making Intellection Abusion Transmutaâ—ion Antonomasia periphrasis Scheme what it is Prostheâ—â—s Apheresis â—penthesis Syncope Proparalepsis Aporope Coloures of Rhetorique Commorâ—â—io 〈…〉 Description of outrage after â— battaile Diuersitie of natures â–ª Description of persone The vse of figures Precisio Significatio plus ad intelligeÌ„duÌ„que dixeris Demosthenes Distincte concisa breuitas Extenuatio◠〈◊〉 Digressio ab â—e non longa Proposicio quid sis dicturus Seiunctio as eo quod dictum est â–ª Reditus ad proposituÌ„ Iteratio Rationis apta conclusio Veritatis superlatio atqueâ—â—aiectio Rogatio PercoÌ„tatio Dissimutatio alia dicentis ac significantiâ— Dubitacio Distributio Correctio Tullie against Uerres Reiectio premunitio Communicatio Descriptio Erroris inductio In hilaritateÌ„ impulsio Ante occuâ—patio Similitudo Similitude enlarged Exemplum Doues Craynes Vnâ—hankefulâ—nes how euil it is Vnthankefulnes punyshed by the Persâ—â—s with death Thankfulnes of a Dragon ThaÌ„kefulnes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ThaÌ„kefulnes of a Lyon Example enlarged Poeticall narrations profitable Poets vnder culâ—ures shew muche wisdome Danae Isis Tantalus Icarus Midas Hercules laboures wâ—at they signiâ—â—ed S. Christofer what he signified S. George on horse backe Apologi Fables â–ª how nedeful they are to â—eache the ignorauÌ„â—e Digestiâ— Reticenâ—iâ— â—iogenes Contentio Liberavox Iracundia Deprecatio CoÌ„ciliaâ—io Laesio Purgatio Optatio Execratio Geminatio verborum Pauâ—um immutat 〈◊〉 verbum Repetitio a primo Conuersioâ— eiusdem in extremum Conuersio in eadem Silence bâ—cometh a womâ—n best Progressio Similiteâ— desinens similiter cadens Augustine Tacitus Rymed sentences vsed without measure Rymes made to mocke the simple Paâ—ia paâ—ibus relaâ—a Similia inter se. Gradatio Regressio Dissolutnm Exclamatio Permissio â–ª Dubitatio A Spaniardes douâ—te Dinumeratio Sentence amplified by seuerall rehersyng of thynges Disputatio Imago Sibi ipsi responsio Ordo Circumscriptio Memorie what it is â–ª Children and old men haue but euill memories Hot and moysâ— bodies sone concâ—iue Colde and drie kepe thynges sure Memorie in the latter part of the hedde Memorie diuided Themistocles Mithridates Cyrus Cyneas Iulius Cesar. Forgetful wittes Belike thys man had the arte of forgetâ—tinge Preâ—eruaâ—ion oâ— Memorie Simonides â—iâ—st aucthoure of the Arte of remembrauÌ„ce Places vowe they must be Images how they must be God graunt al rebels lyke remembraunces RemembrauÌ„ce bi thinges like Vtteraunce it is Demostenes saiyng of pronunciation Aeschines Faultes in pronunciation Gesture what it is Hortensius