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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A49892	The history of physick, or, An account of the rise and progress of the art, and the several discoveries therein from age to age with remarks on the lives of the most eminent physicians / written originally in French by Daniel Le Clerc, M.D. ; and made English by Dr. Drake and Dr. Baden ; with additional notes and sculptures.; Histoire de la médecine. English	Le Clerc, Daniel, 1652-1728.; Drake, James, 1667-1707.; Baden, Andrew, 1666-1699.	1699 (1699)	Wing L811; ESTC R9369	311,651	430

for his whose names are not met with in Erotian ●s Catalogue T●ese Books are that of Affections and other of internal Affections and two others of Diseases Besides those mentioned by Erotian Galen speaks also of an Addition to the Book call'd Mochlicus which is the Book we now have of the nature of the Bones He saw likewise the Title of the Book of the Glands which past for Hippocrates's though Galen thought it spurious He acknowledg'd likewise the Book entituled Tht Seven Months Birth the following which is of the Eighth Months Birth being but a part of the former Galen seems also to speak of several Books of Diet whereas Erotian quotes but one And although that he believed not that the prenotions of Cos were Hippocrates's 't is apparent that they pass'd commonly for such in his time and that the seventh Book of Epidemick diseases was likewise generally received tho Galen lookt upon 't as manifestly spurious Suidas the latest Greek Author speaks this of the books of Hippocrates at the end of the passage before cited The first says he of the books of Hippocrates contains the Oath the second his Predictions the third the Aphorisms a work above human capacity The fourth contains that admirable collection which goes by the name of Hexecontabiblos that is to say consisting of sixty Books which contain all the rest that relates to Physick and Philosophy We have yet remaining as many as Suidas reckons those whose Titles are found neither in Erotian nor that I know of in Galen are the following The Book of the Nature of a Woman of what relates to Virgins of the Seed of the flesh of Superfaetation of the time of Childrens breeding of teeth of the Heart of the Sight of the Eye of Anatomy of the manner of drawing dead Children out of the womb of the Physician of decent habit and of Precepts We find at the end of the Collection of Hippocrates's works certain pieces under the name of (a) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 strange pieces These consist of Letters supposed to have been sent or received by Hippocrates or written upon his account of an Act of the Senate of the Athenians in his favour two discourses mentioned by Erotian by the name of the Speech of the Embassy or Deputation and of the Speech before the Altar of which the first is attributed to Thessalus the Son of Hippocrates the sccond to Hippocrates himself of his Life and Genealogy written by Soranus of a little book of Purgers and another of the manner of giving Hellebore We shall not trouble the Reader with all the Criticks have said concerning the distinction of the true Writings of Hippocrates from the counterfeit or supposititious We shall only take notice that several were already suspected in the time of Galen and Erotian himself amongst those which they give us the list of Some of these Books have been ascribed to the Sons of Hippocrates others to his Son-in-Law or to his Grandsons or to his Disciples or to his Predecessors as the book of Articulations and of Fractures which some have thought to have been writ by his Grandfather who was of the same name tho others have maintained that this first Hippocrates wrote nothing They have likewise ascrib'd them to other Physicians who lived either before or at the same time with him and to the Philosophers as Democritus who is suppos'd to be Author of the book of the nature of man Galen with abundance of reason imputes this fathering of Books and Titles so frequent among the Antients to the Covetousness of the first Copyers and he tells us that the considerable summs which the Kings Attalus and Ptolomy who vied who should have the finest Library gave to those that brought them the writings of great men gave occasion to this falsifying of Names and Authors and to the confusion we find in the disposition of antient works As we have said we shall not amuse ourselves with the judgment of the Criticks Those that have a mind may consult Mercurialis who has written particularly upon that subject It will be of use however to take notice that to those suppositions which we have spoken of must be attributed the contradictions found in some of the opinions of Hippocrates some being directly opposite to others In the second place we observe that (b) See the Chapter of the signs of Diseases these books of Hippocrates which are of the best reasoning are the most suspected We must further take notice that those pieces before call'd Strange which are annexed to the works of Hippocrates are most part of them and perhaps all of them spurious as we shall shew more particularly in the following Chapter As for the Style and Language of Hippocrates which is the third thing to be examin'd we must not wonder that Capito and Dioscorides did not always understand Hippocrates tho they were native Greeks Erotian who liv'd under Nero had composed a Glossary that is a Dictionary of the Obscure and Obsolete words us'd by him or ●at least of those which had not been of a long time in use in the Greek tongue By this Glossary which is yet extant we are informed that several Authors had employ'd themselves upon the same subject before him amongst which he names the following Xenocritus a Grammarian who he says was the first that wrote upon that subject Callimachus disciple of Herophilus Bacchius Philinus an Empirick Apollonius Cittiaeus Apollonius Ophis Dioscorides Phocas or rather Phacas Glaucius another Empirick Lysimachus of Cos Euphorion Aristarchus this was in all probability the famous Grammarian Aristocles Aristopeas Antigonus and Dydymus both of Alexandria the later also a Grammarian Epicles Lycus Neapolitanus Strato and Mnestheus To these we ought also to add Galen whose Glossary is yet remaining We have (c) See the Chapter of the Anatomy of Hippocrates at the beginning already observed that the Style of Hippocrates is very concise which makes it frequently difficult to understand him To this may be added that 't is otherwise very grave and Erotian observes (d) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that the Phrase of Hippocrates is the same with Homer ●s His language seems to be properly Ionique and Aelian pretends as we have seen (e) See Book the Chapter of Democritus before that Hippocrates us'd this Dialect in Favour of Democritus whereas being himself of Cos his Dialect should have been the Dorick But Galen observes (f) In lib. Hippocrat de fractur Comment 1. that the language of Hippocrates inclines somewhat towards the Attick and he adds that some have said that he writ in old Attick Be it how it will it appears that there was a considerable change in the Greek Tongue during the space of four hundred years which might have elapsed between Hippocrates and the first that wrote a Gloss upon him by the difficulty these Authors met with altho they were Greeks as well as himself to understand what he meant by such

and Lentile Broth in which was Honey and Vinegar When the sick man had taken this Mess he made him vomit and after having bathed in a hot Bath as soon as he was cool he drank Ciceon with water and in the evening was permitted to eat light victuals as much as he could In the following Fit he bathed hot and after being cover'd with abundance of Cloaths forc'd sweat and drank a potion made with the Roots of white Hellebore of the length of three fingers a Dragm of Trefoil Juice of Laserpitium the weight of two Beans with pure Wine and if he had an inclination to vomit he vomited if not a vomit was given after purging the Head At other times he should use a light sharp Diet and if the Fit took him fasting the vomiting Medicine was omitted In a Diarrhaea and Dysentery with gripes and swelling of the Feet Hippocrates observes that Meal boil'd in Milk that is Milk-Porridge was more serviceable than Goats Whey which he made use of before He adds that another person sick of the same distemper did well upon eating boiled Asses Milk He had before observ'd (yy) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 We may see in this instance which is in the beginning of the above mentioned Book several other ways of using milk that Whey and Milk in which red hot Flints had been quenched had relieved a person in the same case by which we may see that Hippocrates made use of any thing but Milk to these distempers In another place he proposes for the same distemper Beans boil'd with Rubia Tinctorum in fat Broth. There is yet another very peculiar Remedy for a Dysentery in the Chapter of the Writings of Hippocrates CHAP XXIV Of Womens Distempers THe body of Women being made otherwise than that of Men as likewise its peculiar distempers these depend chiefly upon the Matrix and are very numerous as we may see by the list before given Hippocrates has attributed a great number of these to the displacing of the part aforesaid which he supposes might not only be relax'd and hang out but that it might likewise be retracted as far as the Liver or Heart and even to the Head or turn Its Orifice to the right or left or backwards or forwards Of all these motions that according to Hippocrates which was accompanied with the most dismal symptoms was the retraction of it whereby it ascended and press'd the Liver the Head and the upper parts this producing in Women a sudden change of Colour grating of the Teeth and other symptoms like Epileptick a difficulty of breathing even to absolute suffocation a privation of sense and an universal cold like death To remedy this Hippocrates order'd the upper part of Belly to be swathed pressing the Matrix gently downwards and forcing open their Mouths poured down the richest Wine and after they were come to themselves gave them a purge and after that Asses Milk If the disease was obstinate after having reduced the Matrix to its place he gave them a decoction in which was Castor Conyza Rue Cummin of Ethiopia Rhadish-Seeds Sulphur and Myrrh He burnt under their Noses likewise stinking things such as Wooll Pitch Castor Brimstone Leather Horns and Feathers and the snuff of a Lamp just extinguish'd with intention to fetch them to themselves to make them sweat and to restore the Matrix In the mean time he anointed below with sweet Oyls and Liquid Perfumes such as that which he call'd (a) See the Chapter of exterior Reme dies Netopum He likewise used divers other Remedies both internal and external amongst which we must not forget the Pessaries These were a sort of Suppositors to thrust up the Neck of the Matrix (b) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 they were made of Wool or Lint mixt with divers other things Oyl Wax Powder c. it was made round and like a finger In the disease before mentioned Hippocrates made Pessaries made with Castor Myrrh Peucedànum Pitch Melanthium and sometimes even (c) A sort of a Fly resembling Cantharides There was likewise an Herb of this name the Bruprestis and Cantharides mixing all these with Oyntments and Wool It is observable that the use of Pessaries was very common among the Ancients and that it was almost the universal Medicine in Womens cases They us'd it almost for all intentions to relax to lenifie to draw to irritate to cleanse and dry the Matrix c. using sometimes Oyls and Fat sometimes the juice of Herbs sometimes things very irritative as Nitre Scammony Tithimale Garlick Cummin Cantharides and the like and sometimes restringents as the Rind and Flower of Pomgranates Sumach and sometime Aromaticks and Plants of sweet Smell Nor was it in the suffocation of the Matrix only that these Pessaries were in use but in all other distempers of that part They were imploy'd to provoke or check the Menses against Relaxations superfluity of Humours Ulcerations and Inflamations the Dropsie Fluor Albus and Sterility they procur'd Abortions and brought away dead Children and the Secundines and promoted the purgations of Women after Labour c. Hippocrates used yet other Medicines in the cure of the aforesaid distempers We shall examine his method of treating two opposite distempers the suppression of the Menses and the too great quantity or too frequent returns of them The first of these he cur'd (d) De mo●b mul●er lib. 1. de natura mulieb●i by purgers and vomits And after the use of sharp Pessaries Perfumes Fomentations and hot Baths twice a day he gave inwardly several Medicines which experience had taught him to be very powerfully moving that way He us'd sometimes upon this occasion Cr●thmus or Sampier boil'd in Wine made of the Tree call'd Taeda the Herb Mercury and Chiches But if these Remedies were too weak he prepar'd a drink in which were five Cantharides without heads wings or feet Water-caltrops Anthemus Smallage-seeds and fifteen dry'd eggs infus'd in sweet Wine To the same intention he gave likewise the leaves and flowers of Ranunculus infus'd in the same Wine Dittany of Crete Hogs Fenel Panax Peonis Roots Seeds of white Violets the Juice of Colworts of Laserpitium to the quantity of a Verch and Cress-seeds these two latter infus'd in Wine or Bitch's Milk Hippocrates used likewise divers other Simples not mention'd here In an immoderate Flux he charges to abstain from (e) Lib. de lo●● 〈◊〉 h●min● Bathing and any thing that may heat from all Diuretick Medicines or Laxative and to make the Bed highest at the feet and to use restringent Pessaries (f) De morb mul. lib. 2. He order'd the Belly and lower parts to be fomented with a Sponge or Cloths dipt in cold Water or to drink a composition of Parsly-seeds dried at the fire and sifted and the seed of Hedge Mustard prepar'd the same way Peplium or Poppy-seeds sifted with course Flower Nettle-seeds Moss of the Wild Olive Gauls Rue Marjorum Pennyroyal

a Plant which he calls (c) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mecon which is the name the Greeks call the Poppy by But 't is remarkable that he generally attributes to this Plant a purgative quality which makes it plain that he did not mean the Poppy by it (d) De Simplic Medicater facultat lib. 2. Galen tells us that some took the Peplus which we have ranked before amongst the Purgatives and Spatling Poppy for the same Plant and in his Glosses upon Hippocrates he says that Meconium and Peplus signified frequently the same thing in him I suppose we ought to read Mecon and not Meconium Pliny taking notice that the Tithymale which is the same with the Peplus was otherwise call'd Mecon or at least Galen ought to have said that the Meconium was the Juice of the Peplus and not the Peplus itself We find notwithstanding in Hippocrates some passages in which these two words Mecon and Meconium are taken in the same sense in which the Greeks of the following Ages constantly used them that is the first signified Poppy and the latter the Juice of it which shews that in Hippocrates's time two very different things were called by the same name the Peplus which is a purging Tithymale and the Poppy which is Astringent and Somniferous He speaks likewise of a third sort of Meconium drawn from the Excrements which name has been since given to the Excrements first voided by a Child newly born In the second Book of Womens distempers he proposes (e) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 juice is formed that of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Opium in Latin We may find in Dioscorides the difference between Opium and Meconium the Juice of Poppy for a distemper of the Matrix and as a proof that he meant the Juice of Poppy which causes sleep he calls it within a few lines after the (f) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hipnotic Meconium to distinguish it from the other From hence it is apparent that he knew the virtue of the Poppy but it is observable that he us'd it very seldom and I do not find that he proposes this Remedy in the cases to which it has been since apply'd that is in wakings and especially in pains We shall have occasion to say more of this Remedy (g) See below in the Chapt. of Heraclides Tarentum in the sequel and of the use the Ancients made and the doubts they had of it There is another passage in Hippocrates wherein he mentions the white and black Poppy (h) De vict rat lib 2. in these words The Poppy says he is Astringent the black more than the white yet the white is so likewise (i) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but it nourishes and is of great force Dioscorides and Galen inform us that the Ancients put Poppy-seeds in their Cakes which they made of Meal and Honey and sometime even into their Bread as it is not likely they did it for nourishment Perhaps there may be some fault in the Text of Hippocrates CHAP. XXI Of the Specifick Remedies of the several distempers whose operations are not accounted for THe Medicines hitherto spoke of act after a sensible manner and it was by their means that Hippocrates answered the general intentions which he proposed in the cure of diseases There were other Medicines which he made use of for no other reason but the known success of them in several particular cases His own experience and that of his predecessors was sufficient to establish the use of them tho he could not rationally account for their effects We shall give some instances of these remedies in the account of Hippocrates's method of curing some particular diseases But we must not forget here that these remedies were chiefly such as he inherited from his predecessors the Asclepiades who being Empiricks did not much trouble themselves how their Medicines operated so the Patients were cured Tho Hippocrates relied very much upon the former sort of Medicines yet he did not neglect these for almost all the Physicians after him continued the use of both sorts in their practice the one supplying the defects of the other CHAP. XXII Of the Remedies apply'd externally to diverse parts of the Body Of Compound Medicines in general and of the Pharmacy of Hippocrates AMongst the Remedies externally apply'd (a) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifies Fire and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to warm 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to heat This last word seems common to Fomentations Cataplasms and all exterior applications of Oils and Unguents which are used as lentfiers In Latin Fomentum from Fovere Fomentations were the chief These were a peculiar sort of Bath which Hippocrates used very often and which was made several ways The first was that wherein the Patient (b) This sort of Fomentation was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to sit within Lib. de Superfatat de ratione victùs in acutis de morb 3. sat in a Vessel in a decoction of Herbs or Simples appropriate to his Malady so that the part agrieved was soaked in the decoction This was chiefly us'd in distempers of the Womb of the Arms the Bladder the Reins and generally all the parts below the Diaphragm This Remedy might be referr'd to the Chapter of Baths of which it is a kind The second way of Fomenting was to take warm Water and put it into a Skin or Bladder or even into a Copper or Earthen Vessel and to apply it to the part affected as for example upon the side in a Pleurisie They use likewise a large Sponge which they dipt in the water or other hot Liquor and squeezed out part of the water before they apply●d it The same use they made of Barley or Vetches or Bran which was boyl'd in some proper liquor and apply●d in a linnen bag These Fomentations were call'd moist Fomentations He us'd also dry ones made of Salt or Millet made very hot and applied in bags upon the part The last sort of Fomentations was by way of Vapour which steam'd from some hot Liquor We find an instance of this sort of Fomentations in the first Book of Womens distempers He cast at several times bits of red hot Iron into urine and covering the Patient close upwards caused her to receive the steam below His design in these Fomentations was to warm the part to resolve or dissipate and draw out the peccant matter if any where to mollifie and asswage pain to open the passages or even to shut them according as the Fomentations were Emollient or Astringent (c) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Fumigations were likewise very much used by Hippocrates for the following intentions (d) De Morb. lib. 3. In the Quinzy he burnt Hysop with Sulphur and Pitch and caused the Smoke to be drawn into the Throat thro a