The Art of CHIRURGERY Explained in SIX PARTS Part I. Of Tumors in forty six Chapters Part II. Of Vlcers in Nineteen Chapters Part III. Of the Skin Hair and Nails in Two Sections and Nineteen Chapters Part IV. Of Wounds in twenty four Chapters Part V. Of Fractures in twenty two Chapters Part VI. Of Luxations in thirteen Chapters Being the whole FIFTH BOOK OF Practical Physick By Daniel Sennertus Doctor of Physick And R.W. Nicholas Culpeper Physitian and Astrologer Abdiah Cole Doctor of Physick and the Liberal Arts. Above Eight thousand of the said Books in Latin and English have been sold in a few Years LONDON Printed by Peter Cole and Edward Cole Printers and Book-sellers at the Sign of the Printing-press in Cornhil near the Royal Exchange 1663. Physick Books Printed by Peter Cole at the Exchange in London Viz. 1. A GOLDEN Practice of Physick plainly discovering the Kinds with the several Causes of every Disease And their most proper Cures in respect to the Causes from whence they come after a new easie and plain Method of Knowing Foretelling Preventing and Curing all diseases Incident to the Body of Man Full of proper Observations and Remedies-both of Ancient and Modern Physitians Being the Fruit of One and Thirty years Travel and fifty years Practice of Physick By Dr. Plater Dr. Cole and Nich. Culpeper 2. Sennertus Practiâ—al Physick the firâ—â— Book in three Parts 1. Of the Head 2. Of the Hurt of the internal senses 3. Of the external Senses in five Sections 3. Sennertus Practi al Physick the second Book in four Parts 1. Of the Jaws and Mouth 2. Of the Breast 3. Of the Lungs 4. Of the Heart 4. Sennertus Third Book of Practical Physick in fourteen Parts treating 1. Of the Stomach and Gullet 2. Of the Guts 3. Of the Mesentery Sweetbread and Omentum 4. Of the Spleen 5. Of the Sides 6. Of the Scurvey 7 and 8. Of the Liver 9 Of the Ureters 10 Of the Kidâ—es 11. and 12. Of the Bladder 13. and 14 Of the Privities and Generation in men 5. Sennertus fourth Book of Practical Physick in three Parts Part 1. Of the Diseases in the Privities of women The first Section Of Diseases of the Privie Part and the Neck of the Womb. The second Section Of the Diseases of the Womb. Part 2. Of the Symptoms in the Womb from the Womb. The second Section Of the Symptoms in the Terms and other Fluxes of the Womb. The third Section Of the Symptoms that befal al Virgins and Women in their Wombs after they are ripe of Age. The fourth Section Of the Symptoms which are in Conception The fifth Section Of the Government of Women with Child and preternatural Distempers in Women with Child The sixth Section Of Symptoms that happen in Childbearing The seventh Section Of the Government of Women in Child bed and of the Diseases that come after Travel The first Section Of Diseases of the Breasts The second Section Of the Symptoms of the Breasts To which is added a Tractate of the Cure of Infants Part 1. Of the Diet and Government of Infants The second Section Of Diseases and Symptoms in Children 6. Sennertus fifâ—h Book o Practical Physick Or the Art of Chyrurgery in six Parts 1. Of Tumors 2. Of Ulcers 3. Of the Skin Hair and Nails 4. Of Wounds with an excellent Treatise of the Weapon Salve 5. Of Fractures 6. Of Luxations 7. Sennertus sixth and last Book of Practical Physick in nine Parts 1. Of Diseases from occult Qualities in general 2. 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A Translation of the new Dispensatory made by the Colledg of Physitians of London in Folio and in Octavo Whereunto is added The Key of Galen's Method of Physick 17. A Directory for Midwives or a guide for women The First and Second Part. 18. Galens Art of Physick 19. A new Method both of studying and practising Physick 20. A Treatise of the Rickets 21. Medicaments for the Poor Or Physick for the C mmon People 22. Health for the Rich and Poor by Diet without Physick 23. One thousand New Famous and Rare Cures in Folio and Octavo 24. A Treatise of Pulses and Urins 25. A Treatise of Blood-letting and Cures performed thereby 26. A Treatise of Scarification and Cures performed thereby 27. The English Physitian enlarged The London Dispensatory in Folio of a great Character in Latin 28. The London Dispensatory in Latin a small Book in Twelves 29. Chymistry made easie and useful Or the Agreement and Disagreement of Chymists and Galenists By Dr. Cole c. 30. A New Art of Physick by Weight or five hundred Aphorismes of Insensible Transpiration Breathing or vapor coming forth of the Body By Dr. Cole c. Divinity Books Printed by Peter Cole c. Eighteen Several Books of Mr. Burroughs's viz. on Matth. 11. 1 Chrâ—sts Cal to all those â—hat are weary and heavy laden to come to him for rest 2 Christ the great Teacher of Souls that come to him 3 The only easie way to Heaven 4 The Excellency of Holy Courage in Evil times 5 Gospel Reconciliation 6 The Rare Jewel of Christian Contentment 7 Gospel-Worship 8 Gospel-Conversation 9 A Treatise of Earthly Mindedness and of Heavenly 10 An Exposition of the Prophesie of Hoseah 11 The sinfulness of Sin 12 Of Precious Faith 13 The Christians living to Christ upon 2 Cor. 5.15 14 A Catechism 15 Moses Choice c. 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may be extended beyond its natural habit yet so that this notwithstanding its operations may not be impeded and that there be not the least sense of pain accompanying it in this case we say that such like Tumor or Swelling is nor besides Nature neither as yet is it to be termed a Disease but rather a symptom And hence it is also that Galen in his Book of Tumors entitles it not of Tumors simply so called but of Tumors preternatural And much less reason is there that the Breasts of Nurses when they are distended with the abundance of milk and hereupon are wont to appear far greater than in thoâ—â— that give not suck and likewise in child bearing Women that the lower belly though exceedingly dilated in such especially who are neer their time of Delivery should be said to be affected with a Disease in regard that these things happen according to the course and Laws of Nature But what a Tumor is A Tumor what it is and unto what kind of Disease it belongs is not altogether so manifest For many and differing definitions hereof we find given by several Authors which here particularly to recite is not requisite nor worth the while and Galen himself seems now and then to thwart himself and not alwaies to be of one and the same judgment in giving us the definitions of this Tumor we are now treating of For in his thirteenth Book and first Chapter of the Method of Physick he tels us that a Tumor is a Disease wherein the parts have receded from their natural habit and quantity And in his first Book of the causes of Symptoms and the second Chapter he refers Tumors unto organical Diseases for there he writes that Phlegmones or Inflammations Scirrhos or hard Swellings in the Skin Abscessus i. e. Impostumes or Ulcers and other affects of this nature are to be accounted Diseases of the parts instrumental But in his Book of the difference of Diseases Chap. 13. and of the Causes of Diseases Chap. 6. he reckons up Tumors among the distempers arising from the first qualities and the diseases of the similary parts The Physitians likewise that have written since his time differ in their Opinions Fallopius adheres to Galen's Opinion in his 13. Book Chap. 1. of the Method of Physick before mentioned and refers Tumors unto those Diseases we cal instrumental to wit when there is a preternatural magnitude or augmentation Hieronymus Capivaccius in the Chapter where he writes concerning a Phrensie tels us that every tumor must needs be a disease in the intemperies or distemper proceeding from the first qualities and that there is no necessity why it should be accounted an Affect arising from an ill constitution which Opinion of Capivaccius is assented unto by Hieronymus Fabricius ab aquapendente But others there are among whom Eustachius Rudius is one who assert that a Tumor is an evil compounded of magnitude augmented and a distemper alwaies accompanying it as its concomitant and that the augmentation of magnitude with this intemperies or distemper proceeding as before said from the first qualities is the formal cause of every tumor and Rudius determines that those tumors only which are caused in the parts by reason of a preternatural afflux of matter are Tumors properly so called but that the Tumors happening in disjoyntings or dislocations in the falling down of the Intestines into the Cods and in the Tumor Aneurisma are not properly so to be accounted But if we exactly weigh this Controversie and withal accurately sift out the signification of the word Tumor and Onchus and likewise if we wil heedfully inquire into the essence of a Swelling as it may be considered in it self we must then with Galen rightly define a Tumor under the notion of a swelling The definition of a Tumor that it is an affect or disease in the which the parts of our body recede from their natural state by an augmentation of their magnitude For the word Onchus with the Grecians sounds as much as the distance of the parts to wit by reason of their being extended in magnitude breadth and profundity as is observed by Galen in the first Chapter of his Book of Humors so that it may justly be reputed a grand absurdity in the definition of a Tumor to assert that it is this or that and in the mean time to omit the augmentation of magnitude this being all one as to affirm that a Tumor may be without a Tumor that is to say a Swelling For although it be a truth which erewhile we hinted and that which Galen likewise observes in his Book of the differences of Diseases the twelfth Chapter that a Tumor if it be not such and so great that thereby any hurt and detriment shal accrue to the Member affected in any one of its operations is not properly a disease but a symptom and that that preternatural Affect ought to be defined rather by the intemperies or distemper that accompanies it and very much annoyes the actions then by the swelling which in no wise impedes or offends them Yet notwithstanding it wil not therefore follow that a Tumor also which is a disease and which doth indeed so greatly hurt and hinder the operations is to be defined rather by the dyscrasie and intemperies than by the augmentation of magnitude And the truth is that very frequently Tumors when they have their original either from a fleshy or from a boney and hard substance or lastly from a flatulent Spirit which is not internally either hot or cold are altogether free from an intemperies or as we commonly term it distemper In the mean time notwithstanding we deny not but that other diseases that are no way essential to a Tumor may yet be joyned with and accompany this augmented magnitude which doth altogether constitute and make up the essence thereof For if the matter causing the Tumors exceed in heat cold driness or moisture it forthwith derives this distemper unto the part affected insomuch that hence it comes to pass that the disease also then concurs and is concomitant with the intemperies or distemper Moreover if the same matter shal either by corroding or distending any part disunite what before was close and compact then there immediately happens that which we call the solution of Unity Somtimes also it comes to pass that the figure and shape of some part is altogether marr'd or at least very much vitiated and somtimes likewise the Cavities Pipes and Passages are either compressed or at leastwise very much obstructed through the abundant afflux of matter the which accidents very frequently if not for the most part concurring with a Tumor hence it is also that in the difference and cure of Tumors we handle not only the augmented quantity but likewise even al those other concomitant Diseases Mean while it stands good for an undeniable truth That a Tumor as such that is a Swelling is an affect or disease in the magnitude augmented
Tetrapharmacum that is made up of four Remedies viz. Wax Râ—zin Pitch and Fat. In Bodies that are soft and loose the fat of Swine but in bodies more compact Bulls fat is most approved for use For this is carefully to be needed in Maâ—uratives i. e. Ripening Medicaments that they ought to have in them the neerest resemblance that possibly may be unto the nature of that body whereunto they are applied And therefore in Children Women and generally in al bodies that are softer than ordinary the moister kind of Remedies take place and on the other hand in bodies more hard and close Remedies of the moister sort are required And this in like manner is to be understood touching the Nature of a tumor or swelling As to instance in Inflammations such Remedies as moderately heat and moisten provided alwaies as I said that they be temperate are used with the best success And yet notwithstanding because that in some other Tumors naturally more cold there is a maturation though more slow and the matter of them being thicker than ordinary if it be not converted into a laudable Pus or Quitrier yet it is turned into a matter neer of kin thereunto and the heat of the part although it be greatly furthered and carried on by temperate Maturatives yet can it not ripen the cold matter upon these abovesaid considerations Medicaments that are experienced to be somthing hotter are to be added unto the former The same is likewise to be observed in parts naturally cold as also in old age And hence it is that of such Remedies which ripen the crude matter in Tumors we constitute two kinds The Diffeferences of Maturatives Of the former sort are all those that are moderately hot and clammy which are of use in hot Tumors and these are properly such as are said to further and hasten Maturation of which sort are those before recited Hydrelaeum sweet Oyl Wheaten Meal and Flour Milk the Pith of white Bread the Fat of Swine fresh Butter Wax mingled with a double quantity of Oyl Mallows and Marsh-mallows decocted with Oyl the Mucilage of Linseed of Fenugreek of Mallows and of Marsh-mallows If any desire a Composition let him make such an one as this that followeth Take of the pouder of the Root of Marsh-mallows the Leaves of Mallows of each one ounce of Wheat flour an ounce and half of the seed of Fenugreek and Linseed of each half an ounce of Saffron half a dram boyl them in the Decoction of dried Figs or in Milk add hereunto of the Fat of Swine and the Vnguent Dialthea of each one ounce and make herewith a Cataplasm Of the second sort are such as are somwhat hotter which are to be used in cold Tumors and in colder Natures because there the parts likewise are colder and such are Turpentine the Gum of the Fir-tree the Larix-Tree and the Pine-tree dried Figs Raisons Fenugreek seed Lineseed Onions roasted under embers Leaven Oyl of Chamomil and Oyl of white Lillies the Fat of an old Hen old Butter Bdellium Galbanum and Ammoniacum Out of which such a like Cataplasm as this may be made Take of the pouder of the Roots of Marsh-mallows Wheat flour Linseed Fenugreek seed dry figs pounded to a Mash of each two ounces of Leaven half an ounce of the pouder of Chamomile flowers two drams let them boyl in a sufficient quantity of Water then add thereunto of the Fat of an old Hen and Oyl of Camomile of each an ounce and half and so make up a Cataplasm Or Take the Leaves of Marsh-mallows the roots of white Lillies Holy-hock Roots of each an ounce and an half Onions one ounce boyl them to a softness then mash them and pass them through a hair sieve Ad hereto of Wheaten flour Linseed Leaven of each one ounce Turpentine half an ounce of Saffron half a dram Oyl of Camomile and Hens fat of each a sufficient quantity and so make a Cataplasm The most usual are the Emplaster of Melilot and Diachylon magnum with Gums When as the corrupt stinking matter is arrived at its ful ripeness The Evacuation of stinking and corrupt matter or the matter of the Tumor is changed into an humor resembling this Pus so often mentioned it is then to be evacuated and cast out of the Body the which since it may be effected in a twofold manner either sensibly or by an insensible digestion the best course were more especially in the face lest that a Cicatrix or scar should ensue and remain upon the opening of the Tumor impostumated to discuss and scatter abroad the matter by an insensible transpiration for which very purpose certain Medicaments are described by Galen in his sixth Book of the composition of Medicines of the second rank the 14 15 and 16. chapters and there you may see them But it is not often that this happens and when it doth there is cause to fear lest that if there be great store of corrupt matter some part thereof should be left remaining and hardened or that if the filth aforesaid be acrimonious and corroding that then it may be rendered more sharp by delay and the application of Remedies that are hot and so by this means the part affected as also the parts neeâ— adjoyning should be greatly hurt and injured and therefore for the most part the safest way is to open the Apostem if it chance not in a convenient time to be opened of its own accord The opening of Apostems Now then an Impostume is to be opened in the highest and most eminent place where the skin usually is at the thinnest but then notwithstanding the incision must be in that place of the part affected which is most sloping that so the passage forth of the corruption may be rendered the more facile and easie Now the opening thereof is effected either by some Caustick Medicament or else by the help of an Iâ—on incision knife But most an end the safest way is to open the impostume with an Iron Instrument rather than by a Caustick Medicament For Medicines most commonly protract and delay the Cure excite and cause both heat and pain in the part whereupon it happeneth that the temper and constitution of the part which was before much weakened by the Disease becomes now wholly subverted and from hence dangerous symptoms do frequently shew themselves Now and then notwithstanding as for instance in the watery Tumor of the Testicles when with the Iron we cannot easily penetrate unto the bottom of the place wherein the vitious matter is contained we ought to use a potential Cautery For the way being once opened by a potential Cautery may afterward be dilated as much as we see cause for that so the Instrument may the better pierce the part and reach even unto the deepest place and bottom thereof The said operation with an Iron is effected whenas the opening is made by an Iron Instrument made red hot How many waies a
tumor may he opened or else with an Iron Incision knife that hath not been heated in the fire We very seldom make use of the hot Iron and then never but in cold tumors and that also only whilst the impostume is in those parts that have in them either many or else large Veins and Arteries that so the flux of Blood which we cal the Hemorrhage may the better be pre-cautioned and prevented But as for the Incision Iron that hath not been heated we use it most frequently and that with very good success But if it shall so happen that upon the opening of the Impostume somtimes pain and somtimes an efflux of blood shal ensue and likewise that by reason of the abundant evacuation of the matter or else that by pain and fear a sinking away or swooning should follow in this case we must endeavor that the Section may be performed with the greatest speed and the least pain that possibly may be If an Hemorrhage be feared we must have in a readiness those Medicaments that stop the flux of Blood as Frankincense Aloes the white of an Egg Bole Armenick Pomegranate flowers Dragons blood and the like To prevent fainting and swooning especially in Children Women and other fearful persons we ought to have at hand such Medicaments as are in use against this faintness of mind As also that there may be a right and orderly proceeding in the Section or opening The opening of a Tumor in what manner to be performed the condition of the part the scituation of the Veins Arteries and Nerves as likewise the Nature of the Muscles all these ought to be exactly known and learned by the Chirurgeon from what is written by Anatomists lest otherwise Veins and Arteries should be cut and an Hemorrhage thereby caused or that pain should arise from this hurting and cutting of the Nerves or that hereby the Member should be altogether deprived of sense or lastly that by the hurting of the Muscles the part should be wholly deprived of its motion Moreover also a special regard must be had unto the fibres in the Muscles so that the Section ought to be performed according to the conduct of these fibres that is to say not oblickly or overthwartly for this kind of Section wil greatly annoy the action of the part We must again heedfully weigh and consider in what measure and how great the Section ought to be For if it be over little the Pus or corrupt matter especially if it be thick and cloddy wil have no passage forth without compression of the part which wil both assuredly excite pain and beget a kind of brawny hardness in the part which may be the cause of a Fistula And on the other side if the section be made overgreat and wide there wil then be left remaining a great and unsightly scar and which is worse the ambient Air getting in wil alter the part and therefore the Section ought to be made in such a manner and measure as shal be most requisite for the evacuation of the Corruption and filth And although the section be somwhat with the least it may notwithstanding very easily be dilated by thrusting a tent into the hole thereof To make the Incision we admit of either the Razor or the Knife of Myrtle wood edged on both sides with which the Italians and French open Veins or else that Knife which we cal Phlebotomus which the Germans use or lastly that which we cal Syringotomos an Instrument crooked and of use only in the incision of an internal or a concavous body The incision being made if there be but little filth The evacuation of the Pus or corrupt matter the part is with the finger to be pressed down to the end that it may the more readily flow forth but if there be great store of this filth and matter it is then to be drawn forth leisurely and by little at a time lest haply if it should be evacuated al together suddenly and on an heap as it were much of the spirits should therewithal exhale and thereupon a fainting and swooning should ensue After Incision and the emptying forth of the corruption it will be convenient the first day to strow thereon the dust of Frankincense on the second day to lay thereon some kind of Digestive or other that so if any thing yet remain undigested the compleat digestion thereof may hereby be accomplished And if there be present any filth or any kind of uncleanness which may hinver the growth of flesh shal chance to occur they are forthwith to be wiped and cleansed away As for example Take Turpentine one ounce Honey of Roses half an ounce and of Barley Meal as much as is requisite and so make a mixture and use it for the purpose aforesaid If the Ulcer require yet a more forcible cleansing by reason of its extraordinary nastiness then we ought to use the stronger Abstersives as Vnguentum Apostolorum c. And at length Sarcoticks that is such Medicaments as cause flesh to breed and grow are wisely to be applied and the orisice of the Ulcer to be shut up with a scar Here we are to take notice That somtimes Impostumes may for a long space he hid not only underneath the external Muscles Of Impostumes lying hid two histories but likewise under the more profound yea and the more internal Muscles also Concerning the Impostumes of the Muscles of the lower belly or Paunch we have already spoken in the third Book Part 10. Chap. 7. As touching the Impostumes in the great Muscle Psoa Gulielmus Fabricius in his first Century and sixty third Observation relates two Histories And first he tels us that a certain Matron took her bed complaining of acute and extream pains about her Loyns which was accompanied with a Feaver swooning fits and difficulty of making water And when it was sufficiently understood by the kind of the pain and other signs and tokens to be an inward Impostume for outwardly there appeared not any thing neither could there any thing be discerned by the touch and that this Apostem could be no where but under the Psoa Muscle and when that the sick party was foretold the extream danger and hazard of her life unless the Impostume were opened and the humor caused to flow forth both her self and her friends gave their consent that on one side of the Spina dorsi or back-bone the skin and the exterior Muscles even unto the Psoa Muscle should be opened by an Incision with a Razor which was done accordingly and out there flows a purulent and stinking humor and so after that some certain cleansing and abstersive Medicaments had been for some few months applied she became perfectly recovered The other History which he relates is this In the Year One thousand five hundred eighty five a certain yong man aged twenty seven years or thereabouts as he was descending from the highest pitch of the Mountain Cinecius unto the
their Ears with Snow or have plunged as we may so say their almost frozen feet into cold Water or Snow And the same Fabricius in the place alleadged relateth That a Noble man of good esteem and reputation told him that when he travelled in those Regions he himself on a time lighted upon one travelling as he was upon the Road whom finding to be stiff with cold and almost dead he caused to be put into a Cart and having brought him into an Iune his Host the man of the house immediately plunged him over head and ears as we say in cold water which was no sooner done but instantly there issued forth from al parts of him a kind of frostiness in such a manner that his whol body seemed as if it had been al over covered with Ice like as with an Iron shield and then he gave him to drink a Cup of Hydromel putting thereinto the pouder of Cinnamom Cloves and Mace upon which he fel into a swear in his Bed and soon after the sick person returned unto his former state and became perfectly wel recovered The Cure When now the said congelation is asswaged and qualified and the cold for the most part extracted and drawn forth or else hath exhaled of its own accord which is known by this that the pricking pain is much moderated if not quite ceased then the part is to be fomented and cherished with sweet Milk made blood warm in which there have been boyled Rosemary Organy Sage the Leaves of Rue and Bayberries It wil be likewise very commodious this being a remedy that is also very wel known to thrust deep into warm Water in which Rape Roots especially those that were formerly congealed and frozen with cold have been boyled the Hands or the Feet Or Take White Wine one pint Allum an ounce boyl the Allum with the Wine and let the part be wel washed therewith the Decoction also of Lupines is good and helpful and after it let the part be anointed over with Honey in which live Sulphur hath been boyled This is likewise very efficacious Take of the Oyl of Bayes two ounces Honey one ounce Turpentine half an ounce Mingle c. Or Take Turpentine unsalted Butter and Mace of each alike and what you please for the proportion Mingle them c. Or else Let the part be anointed with Oyl of Wax If the part be already exulcerated Allum poudered and mingled with a like portion of Frankincense pondered likewise is very helpful and wel approved of a little Wine being thereto added or the Oyl of Roses boyled in a Rape Root or in the Reddish Root made hollow and the pith taken al out and then squeezed and pressed forth Or else let an Unguent be made of River Crabs burnt with Honey and the Oyl of Roses Or Take Rue the Marrow of a Bull the Vnguent of Roses of each as much as you think fit mingle them c. Or Take Wax the fat of a Hog of each an ounce Litharge of Silver or Lead ten drams the rind of the Pine two ounces of Manna thur is one ounce Oyl of Roses a sufficient quantity Make an Vnguent Chap. 16. Of the Tumor Ecchymoma THere is likewise somtimes poured forth blood the Skin continuing stil whol and sound into the spaces of the parts from whence there ariseth an Affect which by the Greeks is termed Ecchymoma or Ecchymosis and by the Latines Effusio Suffusio Sugillatio For an Ecchymosis is nothing else but Chymeon ecchysis that is an Effusion or pouring forth of the Humors to wit the blood into the next adjoyning spaces by reason of the opening of the Veins to wit if the Skin abiding whol the Veins pour forth that juyce which they contain that is the blood as Galen speaketh in his second Book of Fractures Comment 16. and either the orifices of the Vessels gape which happeneth in an Anastomosis or else the blood doth as it were sweat forth and strain it self out through the Tunicles of the Vessels being rarefied which the Greeks cal Diapedesis or else by contusion the Vessels are loosened which chanceth if one fal from an high place or else be oppressed and over laid by the weight of somthing that is heavy lying upon him or else be smitten and hurt with a club stone stump of a Tree or else lastly that by some violent motion and extension a Vessel be broken Then the Skin remaining who the blood is poured forth into the neer adjoyning spaces whereupon the color of the part is changed and at first indeed it seemeth reddish afterward it becometh Leaden colored then yellowish green blackish whereupon it is that Galen in his Book of Preternatural Tumors Chap. 10. and tenth Book of the Composition of simple Medicaments Chap. 9. maketh two species of this Ecchymosis one which by the general name he calleth Ecchymoma when the part obtaineth a middle color betwixt red and black which indeed may properly be termed Pelidna that is of a livid or leaden color and the Affect may likewise be called Livor to wit paleness or wanness the other he termeth Melasmata that is blacknesses which latter are especially familiar unto old persons as often as their Veins are bruised or opened upon any other cause and these happen upon any smal or sleight occasion like as on the contrary Pelidna and Livores befal Children and those that are young and Women and such as are of a white color But now although oftentimes and indeed for the most part the part is not lift up into a Tumor or Swelling but the Blood poured forth doth so insinuate it self into the spaces of the parts that there is no Tumor at all appearing yet notwithstanding somtimes the part doth swell up if there be great store of Blood poured out and this also is now and then wont to happen after Venefection to wit if the whol Vein be smitten or if the Wound that is in the Skin shall be closed up but that which is in the Vein it self left open and unshut For from hence by that Wound that is in the Vein the blood is poured forth for which when there is no issue or passage open the Wound in the Skin being closed up it is oftentimes under the Skin poured out into the whole Arm and somtimes it exciteth also a certain swelling but however it alwaies dyeth the Skin of a Red and livid or leaden colour Ecchymosis But the Affect is various and different and the Ecchymosis ariseth in a different manner since that the blood is not evermore poured forth without the Veins but oftentimes by reason of the great abundance of the Spirits and Blood the Veins and Arteries that are terminated in the Skin are filled full of blood and thereupon the Body becometh coloured as appeareth out of Hippocrates Epid. 2. Sect. 4. in the end thereof where he writeth thus That all diligence and care must be taken that the passion and anger of the Mind may be
the moisture be consumed and then with a sufficient quantity of Wax and adding thereunto Ammoniacum and Galbanum dissolved in Vinegar of each three drams and Flowerdeluce Root wel bruised two drams make an Emplaster Or Take Ammoniacum Bdellium Galbanum Opopanax Styrax liquid dissolved in Vinegar of each one ounce Litharge of Gold ten drams let them boyl in Vinegar afterwards add Pellitory live Sulphur of each half an ounce Oyl of white Lillies and Wax of each a sufficient quantity Make an Emplaster But now in the administring of these Medicaments we ought alwaies seriously to observe whether the Scirrhus arise from flegm or else in truth from a Melancholick humor For if it hath its original from this last it is then more warily and cautelously to be handled than if it proceeded from flegm lest that it turn into a Cancer and especially if it incline toward a suppuration we must have a care that it be not too much irritated by hot Medicaments Chap 20. Of a Cancer THe Cancer by the Greeks called Carcinos and Carcinoma so termed because it resembleth the Water-Crab or Crevish is generated from an adust Humor or black Choler And yet notwithstanding Celsus seemeth to put a difference between Carcinoma and Cancer For in his fift Book and 28. Chapter he calleth the disease that we treat of in this Chapter only Carcinoma But in the same Book and 16. Chapt. he giveth the name and appellation of a Cancer in general unto certain creeping Ulcers under which he likewise comprehended the Erysipelas that is exulcerated the Gangrene also and the Sphacelus But yet notwithstanding al other Physitian whatsoever use the words Carcinoma's and Cancers as Synonyma's that is as words signifying one and the same Disease For a Cancer is a Preternatural Tumor arising from black Choler round of a wan color or somwhat blackish painful and which when the Veins every where round about are filled and strut out resembleth the feet of the Crab Crevish or Crawfish The Causes The Cause of a Cancer is black Choler in which either yellow Choler or the Melancholy Humor hath degenerated by reason of its being burnt For the Melancholy Humor while it yet continueth to be Natural and is not yet burnt doth never cause or produce a Cancer but another Species or kind of Scirrhus But from the black Choler alone if it be burnt which sticketh fast in the Veins neither can it by reason of its thickness penetrate into those streight and narrow passages as the Melancholy humor doth that causeth the Scirrhus the Cancer is excited and generated But now of this black Choler there is a certain difference for some of it is more mild and moderate or less hot and sharp but then another sort of it is very sharp and hot That which is more mild causeth a secret hidden Cancer that is not exulcerated but that that is more hot and sharp exciteth an exulcerated Cancer Now the said black Choler is more or less sharp according as it is more or less burnt or arise from a humor that is more or less sharp Whereupon it is That that which proceedeth from yellow Choler adult and burnt is worse than that which hath its original from a Melancholy humor And leek by how much the longer it abideth in the place affected and by how much the more it is putrefied and burnt by so much the more it is rendered the worse And hence it is that the Natural Melancholy humor also which first exciteth a Scirrhus if it stick and abide long in the part and especially then when it is not handled with al care and caution in the applying of heating and moistening Medicaments it afterward exciteth and causeth a Cancer But whether the Cancer be without any Ulcer or no and whether the black Choler be mild and moderate or else exulcerated and the cause more sharp yet however notwithstanding in and of it self it is alwaies without a Feaver although accidentally a Feaver may happen thereupon In the mean time we say the Cancer it self is a hot Tumor For although some there be that doubt whether a Cancer be to be ranked and reckoned up among the hot or the cold Tumors as there be likewise that question whether black Choler be a hot or a cold humor and although by the Arabian Physitians a Cancer is accounted and reckoned up among the cold Tumors and Galen seem to incline thereunto in his Book of black Choler Chap. 4. and in his 2. to Glauco Chap. 10. yet notwithstanding it is by the same Galen in his Book of Tumors Chap. 8 10 11. most rightly and truly reckoned up among the hot Tumors since that it hath its original not from the Melancholy humor cold and dry but from black Choler hot and dry For albeit the Melancholy Humor may possibly give the first occasion of this Tumor yet however notwithstanding the Cancer is not generated from it unless the said Melancholy Humor degenerate and turn into black Choler whether this happen in the Vessels or in the part affected like as somtimes a Scirrhus as ere while we told you that is produced from a Melancholy Humor may pass and turn into a Cancer And this is the conjunct cause of a Cancer to wit black Choler a humor hot and dry sharp Salt corroding and corrupting al things generated and bred from the heat of other humors the heat now ceasing or at least being not so vigorous that it may excite and cause a Feaver as it is wont to be in a Phlegmone and Erysipelas It is likewise generated from other Causes For now and then a hot distemper burneth up and inflameth the Humor and so generateth black choler and somtimes the Food Meat and Drink being such as hath in it a disposition and tendency unto the generating of such a like humor by the frequent use thereof and in process of time becometh the Cause of black Choler and somtimes the very Spleen it self being grown weak and not able to attract and draw unto it self that that is generated of the Melancholly humor doth thereupon leave this humor in the Body which after it hath been for a while deteined in the Body is inflamed and burnt up The very same likewise happeneth if either the monthly Courses in Women be suppressed or the Hemorrhoids obstructed And in truth the Cancer is generated and bred in all the parts both external and internal and yet notwithstanding it especially appeareth as Celsus tels us in his fifth Book Chap. 28. in the superior parts about the Face Nosethrils and Ears Lips the Paps or Breasts of Women which chiefly by reason of their laxity and loosness do very easily receive that humor and then again in regard of the consent and agreement it hath with the Womb they readily admit of those vitious and naughty humors that ought to have been purged forth through the Womb. The Signs Diagnostick At the first beginning the Cancer is not so easily
or such like be provided Viz Take Roots and Leaves of the sowr Sorrel three handfuls Elecampane Root three ounces Briony half a pound Mallows Scabious Fumitory Selandine Sopewort which some cal Bruisewort of each two handfuls whol Barley Lupines Beans of each half a pound Bran one pound Camomile flowers three handfuls boyl them for a Bath For this same use and purpose Liniments likewise and Unguents are prepared a great number whereof we meet with every where in Authors They are compounded and made as I have told you of such Medicaments as cleanse and purge the Skin such as are Nitre Flowerdeluce bitter Almonds Southernwood Hellebore the Root of Briony of white Lillies Bean meal the meal of the bitter Verch Orobus the meal of Lupines Turpentine Sulphur Tartar Unto these you may add and mingle therewith Anodynes that is to say those Remedies that mitigate the itching and asswage the pain that is excited by other Medicaments and such are these viz. Oyl of Roses Oyl of Dill and Oyl of Camomile the Fat of a Hen Goose Fat the Fat of a Calf new and fresh Butter Hogs Lard c. Adding likewise those things that correct and amend the distemper of the Skin and such are these to wit the juyce of Sorrel Milk the seed of Melons those Medicaments are likewise herewith to be mingled that are of thin parts as Vinegar and the juyce of Lemmons From al which and other such like as we see occasion divers Medicaments are compounded according to the nature condition and constitution together with al other circumstances of the body thus affected For al kinds of Scabies or Scabbiness are not easily to be cured with one only Medicament and whosoever they be that attempt this they are justly to be accused either of negligence or ignorance For the milder sort of Medicaments are most fit and proper in a mild and moderate Scabies in Children Women tender and delicate persons and so on the contrary And likewise the moist Scabies requireth one kind of Medicaments the dry another The milder and gentler sort of Remedies are these that follow Viz. Take Litharge first dissolved and diluted with Rose Vinegar the Roots of white Lillies of each two drams Oyl of Roses two ounces Bean meal one ounce Juyce of Lemmons two drams Camphire four grains those of them that are to be pulverized let them be beaten into a very smal and fine pouder and so mingled with the rest into the form of a Liniment Or Take Juyce of sowr Sorrel and Elecampane of each one ounce Juyce of Lemmons six drams Turpentine an ounce Litharge half an ounce Ceruss two drams common Salt half a dram Oyl of Roses as much as wil suffice and make a Liniment Or Take the Fat of a Hog an ounce and half Oyl of Roses one ounce Turpentine half an ounce Oyl of Tartar and the Yelks of Eggs of each one dram Pouder of Frankincense two drams common Salt one scruple and mingle them carefully Or Take fresh Butter and Turpentine of each four ounces Oyl of Roses and Myrtles of each one ounce two Yelks of Eggs Ceruss one ounce Salt two drams Mingle them wel Or Take the juyce of sowr Sorrel and Elecampane of each an ounce and half Vinegar half an ounce Oyl of Roses and Wax of each a sufficient quantity and make an Unguent Or Take Turpentine washed with Rose water half an ounce the juyce of sowr Oranges three drams the Yelk of one Egg Butter two drams Oyl of Roses as much as wil suffice to make a Liniment Or Take Turpentine washed in Scabious water one ounce Oyl of Roses half an ounce fresh Butter and Hogs Grease of each two drams Salt half a dram Litharge one dram the Yelks of two Eggs Juyce of Lemmons six drams Wax as much as wil serve the turn to make an Unguent Or Take Juyce of sowr Sorrel one ounce Turpentine and Styrax liquid of each a dram and half Elecampane Root two drams Frankincense one dram the Yelk of one Egg Salt one dram Vinegar a dram and half Hogs Grease and Oyl of Roses of each half an ounce Wax a sufficient quantity to make a soft Unguent Or Take Litharge half an ounce Ceruss two drams Mastick and Frankincense of each two drams the juyce pressed forth of an Orange the Orange being cut in pieces together with its rind one ounce Oyl of Roses as much as wil suffice Stir them wel about al together in a Leaden Mortar and so make an Unguent For the Rich and such as are tender and delicate there are wont to be made Unguents of Apples which they therefore cal Pomata's or Pomada's as for instance thus Take Cinnamom and Cloves of each three drams Lavender flowers two scruples Nutmeg two drams Styrax Calamite one dram Benzoin five drams Camphire one scruple sweet smelling Apples one pound and half Rose water the like quantity Wine four ounces the fat of a Hog fresh and sweet one pound boyl al and strain them and then add of Musk half a scruple and make a Liniment But in such as are of ful age especially where the Scabies is confirmed and setled the stronger sort of Medicaments are necessary As for Example Take the Juyce of sowr Sorrel one ounce Sulphur Citrine three drams Nitre two drams Liquid Styrax and Lupine Meal of each two drams and half Oyl of Roses as much as will suffice a little Wax and to make an Unguent Or Take Sulphur half an ounce Nitre one dram Oyl of Roses and Oyl of Nuts of each one ounce Juyce of Lemmons two drams mingle them c. Or Take the Roots of Elecampane sowr Sorrel of each one ounce boyl them in Vinegar and let them be passed through a fine sieve Then add of live Sulphur one dram common Salt half a dram of the Juyce of Lemmons six drams of the white Unguent of Rhasis and of the Cittine Unguent of each half an ounce Oyl of Tartar and Oyl of Roses of each as much as wil suffice a little Wax Make an Unguent Or Take good Wine that is sweet scented a pint and halâ— Sulphur three drams Frankincense two drams Salt one dram and half Hogs grease three ounces Wax one ounce and half let them boyl together to the consumption of the third part and in the end add of liquid Styrax a dram and half Mingle them Or Take Root of Pimpernel sowr Sorrel Elecampane of each half an ounce let them be infused in the Water of Fumitory and afterward let them be boyled unto the straining strongly pressed forth add Turpentine three ounces Oyl of Roses two ounces let them boyl until a third part or the one half be consumed and then add of Sulphur half an ounce Allum two drams Salgem and Nitre of each half a dram Oyl of Eggs and Wax of each a sufficient quantity and make an Unguent Or Take unsalted Butter four ounces Turpentine an ounce and half Sulphur two drams Salt half a dram the Yelk
therefore there is no Cure at al to be hoped for unless those vitious humors be oftentimes evacuated and emptied forth of the body and the vitious dispositions of the Bowels from whence there is a continual supply of those naughty and corrupt humors be corrected and as Avicen in the place alleadged writeth The whol sum and substance of the Cure consisteth in the continuing and perpetuating of the cure until it be perfected Which how and by what means it may and ought to be accomplished we have hitherto oftentimes declared unto you And now when this is done the growth and encrease of the Tumor is to be prevented by astringent and drying Medicaments and that which is already in being ought to be discussed by strong Resolvers But if the Malady hath been of long continuance and be now confirmed there is scarcely any the least hope of recovery left of which see further in Rhases his ninth Book to Almansor Chap. 93. Antonius Saporta in his fourth Book of Preternatural Tumors The tumor of the Hands and Chap. 25. applieth al whatsoever the Mauritanians assert touching this Elephantia unto a certain Tumor of the Hands but this he doth much besides their minds For when the Mauritanians speak of this Elephantia they do not so much as make any the least mention of the Hands but only of the Feet And yet in the mean time it is not to be denied which I have somtimes observed and in the second Book of our Practice Part 1. Chap. 25. given the Reader notice thereof although I have not as yet met with any Author that maketh any mention in special of this Tumor that oftentimes also the Hands the rest of the body being sound and wel do so swel up that being pressed down by the fingers in the manner of the Oedema they leave a pit or dent behind them Which Mâ—lady without al doubt hath its or original from humors cold and thick And unless it be timely and in the very first rise of it met withal and presently cured it is very rare that it afterward admitteth of any Cure in regard that the sick persons refuse for the most part universal evacuations of the body without which this Malady is not to be removed and wil not away with the tediousness of a long Cure Universal Evacuations of the body having gone before and the Bowels in which the vitious humors are generated having been first strengthened then afterwards the stronger sort of discussers are to be administred viz. Such as are made of Camomile Flowerdeluce Root round Aristolochy or Birthwort Walflowers Ammoniack Bdellium Opopanax and the like Chap. 46. of Particular Tumors THere is likewise by Physitians frequent mention made of other Tumors but they are such as either may be referred unto those Tumors that have been already hitherunto treated of by us or else they have been spoken of and explained among the particular Affects of Mans body so that it wil be altogether needless here to add any thing more in special unto what hath already been said of them in general We treated of the Tumors of the Brain in the first Book of our Practice Part 1. Chap. 28. Of the Fungi of the Brain ibid. chap. 26. Of Hydrocephalus ibid. chap. 29. Of the Tumors of the Eyelids ibid. Part 3. sect 2. chap. 2 3 4 5. Of the Ophthalmy ibid. chap. 12. 13. of Vnguis Oculi i. e. the Nail or web of the Eye ibid. chap. 14. of the adnate Tunicle ibid. chap. 17. of the Cancer of the Cornea Tunicle ibid. chap. 19. of Suggillatio of The Eyes ibid. chap. 22. of Encanthis ibid. chap. 31. of the Inflammation of the Ears ibid. part 3. sect 3. chap. 2. of the Cancer of the Nostrils ibid. sect 4. chap. 2. of Polypus ibid. chap. 3. of the Tumors of the Lips in the second Book of our Practice part 1. chap. 1 2. of the Tumors of the Gums ibid. chap. 10. of the Inflammation of the Mouth ibid. chap. 18. of the Inflammation of the Wesand ibid. chap. 21. of the Iaflammation of the Tonsils ibid. chap. 22. of Angina i. e. the Quinsie ibid. chap. 24. of Strumae in the Neck and the Dropsie in the Throat ibid. chap. 25. of the Inflammation of the Lungs ibid. Part 2. chap. 3. of the Tubercles of the Lungs ibid. chap. 9. of the Inflammation of the Midtif ibid. chap. 13. of the Tumors of the Diaphragm ibid. chap. 14. of the Pleuresie ibid. chap. 16. of Gibbosity ibid. chap. 12. of the Inflammation of the Stomack Book 3. Part 1. chap. 12. of the cold Tumors of the Stomack ibid. chap. 13. of the Inflammation of the Intestines ibid. Part 2. Sect. 1. chap. 2. of the Tumors of the straight Gut and in special of the Haemorrhoids Condylomata swellings in the Fundament so called Thymi and Ficus ibid. chap. 10. of the Inflammation of the Mesentery ibid. Part 3. chap. 4. of the Tumors of the Cawl or Kel ibid. chap. 7. 8. of the Inflammation of the Spleen ibid. chap. 5. of the of the Spleen ibid. chap. 6. of the of the Inflammation of the Liver Book 3. Sect. 1. chap. 4. Scirrhus of the Scirrhus of the Liver ib. chap. 5. of the Dropsie Ascires ibid. Part 6. Sect. 2. chap. 3. of the Inflammation and Tumors of the Reins ibid. Part 7. Sect. 1. chap. 8. 9. of the Inflammation of the Bladder ibid. Part 8. Sect. 1. chap. 4. of the Tubercles in the Urinary passage ibid. chap. 9. of the Tumors of the Testicles ibid. Part 3. Sect. 1. chap. 3. of the Rupture and Tumors in the Scrotum or Cods ibid. chap. 7. of the Tubercles Warts of the Yard ibid. chap. 9. of the Inflammation of the Navel ibid. Part. 10. chap. 3. of the Inflammation of the Muscles of the Abdomen ib. chap. 9. of the Pustules of Womenâ— Privities Book 4. Part 1. Sect. 1. chap. 4. of the Condylomata of the Womb ibid. chap. 5. of the Warts of Womens Privities ibid. chap. 6. of the Cancer of the Womb ibid. chap. 11. of the Dropsie of the Womb ibid. Sect. 2. chap. 11. of the Tumor of the Womb from Blood ibid. chap. 12. of the Inflammation of the Womb ibid. chap. 13. of the Scirrhus and Cancer of the Womb ibid. chap. 14. of the Tumors of the Testicles in Women ibid. chap. 20. of Crusta Lactea Achores and Favi Tract of the Diseases of Infants Part 2. chap. 3. of Tinea ibid. chap. 5. of Hydrocephalus ibid. chap. 6. of Siriasis ibid. chap. 7. of Aphae ibid. chap. 13. Touching the flatulent Tumors we have likewise in special treated of them in our former Books to wit of the Inflation of the Eye-lids in the first Book of our Pract. Part 3. Sect. 2. chap. 2. of the Inflation of the Stomack Book 3. Part 1. Sect. 1. chap. 11. of the Colick pain ibid. Part 2. Sect. 2. chap. 4. of the Inflation of the Spleen ibid.
more corrupt the same Chap. 16. Of an Ulcer with pain BUt now the Causes do not only cherish and encrease the Ulcers and there are likewise certain Diseases therewith joyned to accompany them but there happeneth likewise oftentimes a pain unto these Ulcers which is therefore immediately to be mitigated in regard that pain attracteth augmenteth the Ulcer and causeth Inflammations and the Erysipelas to arise Now as touching pain in general we have already spoken in the first Book of our Practice Part 3. Sect. 1. Chap. 2. So that we are here only to treat of the pain of Ulcers This pain therefore in ulcers ariseth for the most part from a sharp and corroding humor But now whereas the pain is to be taken away either by taking away the cause or properly by mitigating the pain or by taking away the sense thereof as we have shewn you in the fifth Book of our Institutions Part 2. Sect. 3. Chap. 8. and likewise in the place alleadged the last of these waies is not so safe because that it cannot be administred without great detriment unto the part and therefore it is not to be put in practice but only in case of urgent necessity For this reason it is most safe to take away the cause of the pain or if this cannot be done but in a long time and that there be cause to fear that in the mean time the Ulcer may be encreased and made worse then in this case Anodynes are to be made use of which what they be we have shewn in the place alleadged Those things that here much benefit are the Yelks of Eggs Saffron Turpentine Oyl of Roses Rosin of the Fir-tree out of which mingled together Liniments may be made to be imposed upon the ulcer But upon the Compass or Circuit of the ulcer the Fat of a Hen of a Goose of a Duck the Mucilage of Linseed of Fenugreek of Marsh-mallows the Oyl of sweet Almonds of Cammomile of Dil and of Violets are to be imposed Or Take Mallows Marsh-mallows of each one handful boyl them to a softness and then bruise them wel when they are bruised and passed through a hair sieve add of Barley meal one ounce Linseed and Fenugreek of each one ounce Oyl of Roses two ounces Oyl of Camomile and white Lillies of each one ounce the Mucilage of Marsh-mallow seeds the extracted Water of the Elder flowers an ounce and half Saffron one scruple the Yelks of two Eggs Make a Cataplasm Or Take Crumbs of white Bread two ounces soften them in Milk and then add of Barley Meal and Linseed of each one ounce the pouder of Camomile flowers half an ounce Oyl of Roses an ounce and half Water-lilly half an ounce the Yelk of one Egg Saffron one scruple mingle them and make a Cataplasm But if at any time we have a mind to fit the Medicaments unto the cause in regard that most commonly in ulcers the pain ariseth from hot and sharp humors therefore to take away this pain we may administer the juyce or the water of Nightshade Plantane Henbane Sengreen Oyl of Roses Whites of Eggs with Rose water of his those Cataplasm that are made of Mallows Plantane Nightshade and Oyl of Roses are to be said on or else an Unguent of the white of an Egg Oyl of Roses and Licharge wel bruised and mingled together in a Leaden Mortar and afterwards boyled with the Juyce of Sengreen until al the juyce be consumed or a whol Egg carefully mingled together with the Oyl of Roses and Turpentine in a Leaden Mortar or else the white Camphorate Unguent If necessity drive us unto Narcoticks then the Oyl of Poppy of Henbane of Mandrake of Frogs or the juyce of Henbane al or any of these may be applied with Milk Chap. 17. Of the Ulcers of the Legs and other particular Ulcers ANd these things we thought fit in a compendious way to speak of Ulcers in the general which any one may easily apply unto the ulcers of particular parts Neither do we conceive it to be at al needful that we should speak any thing more of the ulcers of al the particular parts since that we have already treated of them in our former Books as we shal by and by tel you And therefore in this Chapter we wil speak only of the ulcers of the Legs in special The Ulcers of the Legs For it oftentimes happeneth that bad and depraved Humors especiall the Melancholly as wel by their own weight tending unto the Thighs as by nature thrust and driven down thither as unto the external part do excite ulcers and this especially happeneth after Erysipelas's that very frequently intest the skin and chiefly in Women where without doubt there is a concurrence of somthing amiss in the Womb and I know that in some certain Families such ulcers are so familiar that al the Women therein although they seem to be otherwise very wel have of these long continued ulcers in their Thighs And therefore by al means possible we are timely to meet with and prevent these ulcer For unless they be speedily healed Nature wil accustom her self to send away al the vitious humors that are bred and heaped up in the whole body unto these parts which afterwards if the ulcer be closed up and the body be not diligently and often purged wil excite other more grievous Diseases especially in those that are aged for if they be neglected they are wont likewise to gain growth and encrease to corrupt the parts that lie neer and to become callous so that if some speedy course be not taken for the healing of them they afterwards become altogether incurable Now that these ulcers may be rightly cured first of al the body is to be throughly purged from the vitious humor and the fault of the Spleen which for the most part is here present it to be corrected and a Purgation oftentimes to be repeated And afterward the Unguent Diapompholyx is to be imposed which I have ever found to be most efficacious in this kind of ulcer so long as until there appear a Pus good and white and then this Emplaster Take of the Vnguent Diapompholyx the Emplaster Diapalma the Emplaster Gryseum of each one ounce Gum Elemi two drams Sugar of Saturn one scruple mingle them wel in a Leaden Mortar With which two Medicaments I have oftentimes happily and successfully cured the long continued ulcers of the Thighs Or Take Ceruss two ounces Litharge one ounce Oyl of Roses one pint Wax two ounces let them be carefully mingled in a Leaden Mortar afterwards add Tutty prepared with the Water of Nightshade of Frankincense and Lead burnt of each one ounce and let them be again stirred about in the Mortar and then make an Vnguent Or Take Wax Rosin of each one ounce the Suet of a gelt Pig two ounces Ship Pitch Oyl of each three ounces Mastick Frankincense and Myrrh of each three drams Litharge one ounce and half Ceruss half an ounce
while somthing reddish and as soon again of a color inclining to black and which are generally wel known are more fitly to be referred unto the Alphus Niger or the black Alphus And he the aforesaid Rudius doth likewise ill in calling the Ephelis by the name of Panus and his determining that Ephelis and Panus are one and the same Affect is altogether false since that out of Celsus his fifth Book Chap. 18. Pliny his twenty fourâ—h Book Chap. 4 9. and likewise from other Physiâ—ians it is very cleer that Panus is the Greeks Phygethlon and that somtimes likewise Phymata are comprehended under the name of Panus But there are some others also that neglecting the Authority of the Ancients cal those spots in the Face especially in Women by the name of Pani Hippocrates in his Book of Women that bear not Children page 245. in Foesius his Book writeth that this kind of spots is called Ephelis when he saith That those women that are with child if they have a spot in their Face as it were from the Suns burning for the most part bear female Children Where for the most part is wel added in regard that it is often observed also that Women great with Child which have born Males have had their Faces defiled with these k nd of spots so that these spots may rather be said to be a sign and token of the Conception in general than particularly of the Sex that is conceived whether it be Male or Female Whence it is that the Germans likewise cal it Kinds flecken But now whereas there is a twofold Ephelis one from causes external another from internal Causes of the latter of these we intend to treat in the Chapter following but of the former we wil speak in this present Chapter And indeed the first kind of these Ephelides is that wel known Affect Blackness from the Sun to wit that blackness which the Germans cal Sommerbradt in the Face the Hands and those other parts that are exposed unto the Sun-beams contracted from the heat of the Sun And as wel men as women are subject unto this affect but yet nevertheless more especially women as having their Skin more tender and chiefly in the Spring time For whereas in the Winter the Face was not accustomed to much heat if in the Spring it be suddenly exposed unto the Sun-beams the Skin that before was white now beginneth to wax red with a certain kind of blackness The Affect is of it self known from the Cause foregoing And the Face is not only deformed with some certain spots but the whol color thereof is changed But now this burning and blackness from the Sun may be prevented Preservation from it if the Suns Beams be turned away from the Face by Shades and other Coverings and the Hands kept covered with Gloves or both the Face and Hands anointed with the white oâ— an Egg shaken together with Rose-water or with the Mucilage of the Seeds of Quinces or of Fleawort extracted with Rose-water or Gum Tragacanth dissolved in Rose-water or else let the face be anointed with the Emulsion of the four greater cold seeds or let it be anointed with this Unguent Take Vnguent Pomarum two drams Ceruss dissolved in Rose-water one dram Mastick half a dram the Mucilage of the seeds of Fleawort one ounce Make hereof a Liniment And of these kind of Medicaments there is need most especially in the Spring time when the tender Face can very hardly be sufficiently guarded from the heat of the Sun and of the Air. The Cure But if the Face be already as it were burnt and a blackness be contracted Nature indeed of her own accord is wont in process of time to change this deformity when it draweth a new Scarf-skin upon the burnt place if in the mean time the Face be covered from the Beams of the Sun But these delaies being for the most part tedious unto women they must in al haste have their pristine color again restored unto them by the help of Medicaments And commonly women are wont to cleanse their Faces with the Leaves of the Cherry Tree while they are yet fresh and green Others of them there are that use Rose-water wherein Camphyre hath been dissolved and others of them make use likewise of the Cherry-tree Gum dissolved in Vinegar whereunto they put a little Oat-meal And here likewise there is much use made of the Water of Bean flowers of Mallows and white Lilies and those that are made of the four greater cold seeds destilled with Milk Bitter Almonds are also here very useful Or Take the juyce of Plantane and of Nightshade of each one ounce Litharge of Gold and of Silver of each one dram burnt Lead half an ounce Tutty prepared six drams Camphyre half a dram Oyl of Roses and Wax as much as wil suffice and make an Vnguent Take Roots of white Lilies rosted under the Embers two drams the Root of the Herb Dragon-wort and Solomons Seal and Melons seed of each two drams the Mucilage of Fleawort seed one ounce of the Citrine Vnguent half an ounce and make an Vnguent according to art Chap. 2. Of the Ephelides in Women with Child THere is another kind of these Ephelides that happeneth more especially unto Women with Child and it hath its original from the Menstruous blood retained which in regard that for the most part from the said retention it contracteth a great deal of vitiousness is wont to excite in Women great with Child divers symptoms as likewise these spots in the Face bred from a vitious humor thrust forth thither But now and then notwithstanding Virgins and Women that are not with Child have these kind of spots breaking forth in their Faces if in the time of their monthly Menstruous flux they eat those kind of meats that as they say have in them a power of coloring such as are the Carrot Roots and the red Beets and the like which as we are taught by Experience do breed and bring forth these kind of Spots Signs Diagnostick These Ephelides in Women with Child are known in that they are dark and duskish spots appearing more especially in the Forehead and deforming it and spreading themselves both in length and breadth and oftentimes they equal in length the palm of the hand but they are void of al kind of roughness The Prognostick The Ephelides in Women are a sign of their Conception as we told you before out of Hippocrates his Tract of Women that never have Children and they are seldom or never cured and if haply they be taken away yet they soon return again and with some they continue even unto the time of their Delivery and after that they vanish and in some they likewise continue after their Delivery and in some others they also vanish before they are delivered when the Child is now become strong and vigorous like as do other symptoms that usually infest Women with Child in the beginning of
their Conception The Cure Indeed it is very requisite that the depraved humors that are the Antecedent Cause of this Affect and are wont to nourish the same should be evacuated but in regard that in Women with Child we may not safely make use of those evacuations we ought therefore to content our selves with Topical Medicaments And here there is to be commended the use of Bayberries if their rinds be taken off and then they be beaten into a pouder and so mingled with Honey and made into the form of an Unguent and the Face therewith anointed in a Bath Or Take Pouder of Lawrel Berries as much as you please and with Mushrom Water make it into the form of a Pultiss with which let the Face be anointed in the Bath Or Take Camphyre one dram Nitre two drams Mingle them with Honey and let the Face be anointed with the said mixture The Emulsion likewise that is made of the Seeds of Hemp is very useful For the spots that are in the Faces of Maidens while their Courses are upon them and whilst they yet flow Take the Juyce that is pressed forth of the root of Bugloss sliced and with it anoint the Spots Chap. 3. Of Lentigines Pimples or specks in the Face ANd hither belong likewise the Lentigines which the Germans from the color of dry Leaves cal Sommer strossen Sommer flecken and Lauf flecken and they are spots in color resembling Lentiles with the which in Women especially the Face principally and somtimes likewise the Hands Arms and upper part of the Thorax being exposed unto the Air is aspersed and overspread they somtimes standing thicker and somtimes thinner like unto so many drops as it were without any pain and trouble in some appearing indeed only in the Summer time and vanishing again in the Winter and in some likewise they keep their course from yeer to yeer The Causes But now they have their original from adust burnt blood seizing upon the Scarf-skin And this happeneth more especially in ruddy bodies that are of a Cholerick temperature and especially in the Summer time when that vapor of the blood is more burnt And hence it is that in the Winter for the most part these spots vanish but then they return again and appear in the Summer And they break forth chiefly in those parts that are exposed unto the external Ambient Air the Face the Neck the Hands and the superior part of the Thorax because that the Scarf-skin is more burnt by the Sun and the Ambient Air detaineth those burnt vapors in the Skin Platerus is of opinion that the Juyce that should nourish the hairs that are fixed in the Skin being brought unto the pores of the Skin do cause these spots For this humor saith he being first of al assimilated by them and agreeing somwhat with them in color before they are put unto the Roots of them if it be by them further dispersed any whither else into the superficies and circumference of the pores it then produceth those kind of spots and that dark and duskish color somwhat more or less inclining unto that color of the hairs that it had gotten while it was assimilated by them Which diffusion of this Juyce into the Pores proceedeth somtimes from the external heat overstrongly attracting it and withall dilating the Pores if then the Juyce nourishing the Hairs doth not only affix it self unto the roots of the Hairs but diffusing it self further also and there subsisting causeth those Dusk Dark and Brown spots more or less according to the diversity of the colour of the Skin But since that the Face wanteth Hairs it is not credible that the Juyce ordained by Nature for the nourishing of the Hair should breed such kind of spots but for the breeding of these like spots there sufficeth a portion of the adust blood degenerating as it were into a Melancholly humor Platerus also is of opinion that the overgreat Natural loosness of the Pores contributeth its furtherance so that even by reason of them the said Juyce doth not only nourish the Hairs but likewise produce these spots But I had here rather assent with Eustachius Rudius who thinketh rather that the Lentigines do arise from the thickness of the Skin and therefore because that the Cheeks are more thin than other parts therefore it is that although there come into them very many of these adust vapors yet notwithstanding they are not detained in them but are from thence gently evaporated and so the Lentigines that are in them are but few but because the Skin of the Fore-head is thicker and that the vapors are not easily received in it but being once received are the more detained there therefore the Fore-heed doth the more abound with these Lentigines or Dusky spots Signs Diagnostick These Lentigines are easily known because that they are Spots of the bigness a of Lentile of a dark brown and dusky color dispersed up and down in many drops as it were standing close and thick together and very familiar unto such as are of a red Hair and they annoy the Face the Neck the Hands and those parts that are exposed unto the Sun and the Air. The Prognostick Those Lentigines as they have in them no danger at all so for the most part they vanish in the Winter but yet notwithstanding in some bodies they alwaies return again in the Summer and in some they are Annual and return constantly from yeer to yeer The Cure Galen for these Spots commendeth the Herb Costmary with Honey and Water as also the seed of the Cabbage Bitter Almonds are likewise very useful and so is the Oyl of Eggs likewise But most effectual is the Water of great Figwort distilled out of that wel known Plant as also the Water drawn out of the flowers of the spotted Satyrion and lastly the Oyl of Tartar by draining O Take of Eldern flowers and Bean flowers of each a like proportion pour in unto them Goats Milk blood-warm Let them stand for a daies time in some cold place and afterwards let them be destilled and then Take Bean meal as much as you think fit let it be moistened with the said water and in the evening let the Face be anoynted with that mixture In the morning let the Face be washed with the water of Elder flowers and Bean flowers unto which there may be added a little Camphyre dissolved in the Spirit of Wine Or Take Honey four ounces Oyl of sweet Almonds one ounce Pouder of the Flower deluce root two drams Borax half an ounce make an Vnguent The Virgins Milk likewise as it is called is here very good and it is thus prepared Take of Litharge four ounces boyl it in three pints of the best Vinegar unto the wasting of a third part when it is cooled let it be strained through a filtring bag and afterwards Take Sal Gem three drams boyl it in cleer water unto the Consumption of a third part then strain it after
is more especially commended the fat of the precious Fish Thymallus or the Ascia fish Forestus had happy success in the use of this that followeth Take Oyl of sweet Almonds an ounce and half of white Lilies one ounce the Fat of a Capon and Goats Fat of each half an ounce Sarcocol half a dram the pouder of Bryony root and Flowerdeluce of each one scruple Sugar thaberzet one dram Bruise what is to be bruised into a very fine pouder and pass them through a very fine sieve and then if you so please add thereto dissolved Gums and at length let them be mingled together in a Mortar pouring thereupon Rose-water the Water of white Lilies and of Beans of each a sufficient quantity continually stirring them and incorporating them together then let them by the stroking of the Hands be passed through a woollen Cloth and there wil run forth a soft Vnguent Chap. 5. Of those they cal Mother Spots or Blemishes THere is also another sort of Blemishes that is wont to defile and deform the Skin and this is derived from the very first original and that which the Infant hath contracted even in the Mothers Womb and hereupon they are called Maternal and original Blemishes Spots and Marks Now these Spots are very various and different somtimes of a red color and as soon again of a dark and brown color and oftentimes of neither of these two but of some other color and it is also of this or that shape and figure and somtimes in this somtimes in that part of the body The Causes There are some indeed that beleeve that these spots and blemishes are excited in the body from a fortuitous and accidental concourse of the humors But the very truth is that such like things come not to pass by chance but Experience it self teacheth us that these spots depend upon the fancy and imagination of the Mother and that by it the Infant is thus marked as they speak There is no necessity for our heaping up of the several Authorities both of Philosophers and Physitians as touching this subject neither is it requisite here to recount even al the faults and things amiss in the conformation that are caused by occasion of the imagination For it is wel enough known unto al kind of Women that Infants have now and then had some certain spots resembling Straw-berries or Cherries or else red spots like unto red Wine or the Fire whenas upon the sight of such like objects by the Mother the Imagination maketh an Impression of these like colors upon the Child And I my self knew a woman great with Child who standing under a Mulberry Tree there fel some of the Mulberries upon her back whereupon the Infant that she went withal had as many excrescences in its back resembling the shape and figure of Mulberries But now how it cometh to pass that the Imagination doth this I have at large shewn you in my Tract touching the Consent and Agreement of the Chymists with Aristotle and the Galenists Chap. 14. and in the fourth Book of our Practice Part 2. Sect. 4. Chap. 7. Which here to repeat I hold it altogether needless Prognosticks 1. This kind of Spots is very hard to Cure and although it seem somtimes to be a little obscured yet it soon breaketh forth again in a manner as if it were raw and some there are that relate how that those spots that are contracted by the occasion of Cherries Strawberries and Grapes at the time when these Fruits are wont to be ripe wil appear and as it were flourish again 2. If yet notwithstanding there be Medicaments administred immediately upon the birth of the Child they are somtimes taken away The Cure Women do commonly make use of the blood of the Secundine or Afterbirth for the taking away of these Spots rubbing and cleansing the said Spots therewith while it is yet hot And others likewise afterward make use of the Menstruous blood There are yet not withstanding other cleansing Medicaments likewise of the which we have hitherunto spoken and prescribed for the taking away of other Face-spots that may here be made use of others administer the Mothers fasting spittle and others require the often instilling of the Milk that is drawn out of the Mothers Breasts upon the said spots and deformities Which if they suffice not then we are to have recourse unto corroding and Caustick Medicaments also or unto the Manual operation and the shaving of the Scarf-skin likewise It is also good for the Mother in the morning for some certain daies continually to chew Mustard seed and with it to rub the spot And some there are that preserve that part of the Infants Navel that falleth off after the due knitting thereof and this being dried and afterwards moistened in the Water of the Herb Christopher they lay it upon the Spot thrice a day so long until the said spot be wholly vanished There is here likewise commended the destilled Water of Mountain Avens if the Infant so soon as it cometh forth of the Womb be washed therewith and the spots afterwards washed with the same Water Chap. 6 Of the Volatick or flitting spots of Infants THe German Practical Books as we may see in the Practice of Gabelchomerus and in the Physical Dispensatory of Wittichius and in others make mention among Childrens Diseases of a certain Affect that they cal Denflug which in regard that I never saw it I have therefore omitted not at al spoken of it in my Tract of Infants Diseases But because there are some that write than they have seen it we wil therefore make mention thereof here in this place Now these describe this Affect that they are certain flitting spots of a red or purple color creeping up and down here and there in the Skin which if they touch upon any orifice as suppose the Mouth the Nostrils the Eyes and the Ears and penetrate so far as that they reach even unto them the Malady is then mortal And therefore that they may prevent this they take Rose-water and mingle therewith a little Saffron and with this they anoint al the said Orifices and the Spots themselves likewise round about Only they do not anoint the body towards the Feet that so by the Feet these spots may vanish Which spots if any such there be without al doubt they are a species of the Erysipelas and therefore we are not only to administer that Liniment unto the orifices of the body but we are likewise to make use of those Expulsive Medicaments also that are otherwise wont to be used in the Erysipelas Chap. 7. Of those spots and blemishes that the Germans cal Hepatick or Liver-spots AS I have often told you and cannot but here again acquaint you with it there are many kinds of Tubercles and Spots and these are also at this day very commonly known every where in al Nations which by what names they were called by the Greeks or Latines we know not
this is first of all to be evacuated for otherwise it wil continually cherish the Malady by fomenting the matter thereof And so if the French Disease be Joyned therewith this is first to be cured in regard that the Areae cannot be taken away unless this be first removed As likewise the distemper of the Bowels upon which the breeding of the vicious humors doth very much depend is to be corrected And the antecedent Cause being taken away the Containing Cause of the Areae is then to be removed which Galen doth by Repressers and Digestives but we ought withal to do our endeavor that the skin may be restored unto its natural temper And therefore in the first place the whol body is to be purged by fit and proper Medicaments according to the Nature of the peccant humor And moreover Galen for the particular evacuation of the head administreth Apophlegmatisms also which we have elsewhere explained But for the matter which is yet in its flux and in the beginning thereof before the Areae are yet made Galen maketh use likewise of Repellers And the same likewise we are taught by Avicen where he telleth in that the Medicaments in the Alopecia ought likewise by a moderate astriction to corroborate the skin of the head for in the seventh part of his fourth Book Tract 1. Chap. 6. he saith thus And it is requisite that there be in those Medicaments a comforting and strengthening thereby to prevent and hinder in the head the reception of malignant matter But otherwise and if the Alopecia and Ophiasis be already present Repelling Medicaments have then no place even as likewise they have no place in Scabies or Scabbiness But if the Areae be already made and the matter impacted into the skin we ought then to use Digestives Now these are hot of thin parts and not greatly drying For if we make use of those things that dry overmuch not only the vitious humors but even the very aliment of the hair wil be then discussed Yea since that in the Areae confirmed the distemper of the skin is hot and dry therefore cold and moist Medicaments are to be mingled with the rest But now these Medicaments that take away the nighest cause of this Malady are termed Metasyncritica of the preparing of which Galen teacheth in his first Book of the Composition of Medicaments according to their places Chap. 2. and in his fourteenth Book of the Method of Physick Chap. 12. To wit in the first place if there yet remain any hairs that are corrupted these are to be plucked out either with the Volsella an Instrument purposely made to pul out hairs or they are to be drawn forth with a Dropacism or else the place may be shaven with a Razor And then afterward let the head be washed with a Ley in which Maidenhair Golden Maidenhair Southernwood and the like Plants have been boyled After the washing let the place be rubbed with a Linen cloth that is not over moist nor yet over dry until the skin begin to be red when this is done then let Topicks be administred Now such like Medicaments are Mustard seed Cresses white Lily Roots which as it is said wil likewise restore those hairs that burnt places have been deprived of by fire or scalding Rocket seed Nitro Oyl of Bayes liquid Pitch Sulphur the pouder and ashes of Southernwood the Root of Sowbread and Hellebor the seed of Stavesacre and Doves dung and these being the strongest and most powerful of al Thapsia and Euphorbium Which aforesaid Medicaments notwithstanding by how much the newer and fresher they are by so much the sharper they are also and the older they be the more they lay aside their sharpness and tartness But out of these such of them are to be made choyce of that are proper and convenient unto each of these Affects and these are also rightly to be administred For those Medicaments that were by us even now mentioned they are not al of them fit for al kinds of Areae or at al times or after any manner administred or in al ages but unto each of these there are such Medicaments as are fit and proper and each of these Medicaments have likewise their due time and manner of use and unto the Malady when it first begins and being yet but smal the weaker sort of them are to be administred but if the Malady be inveterate then the stronger sort of them and unto the softer bodies such as are the bodies of Children and Women the weaker Medicaments but unto such as are at their ful age and unto Men the stronger sort of Medicaments are to be applied Galen acquaints us with divers Compositions that had been examined by long Experience and approved of in his first Book of the Composition of Medicaments according to the places Chap. 1. to wit Those of Heras Crito Orestinus Ortho the Sicilian Cleopatra Archigenes Asclepias Dionysodorus Soranus and others Galen himself commendeth this following Take Leaves of the Greek Reed burnt half an ounce the Vrchin burnt one dram Moufedung two drams bruise and mingle them wel with Vinegar and so anoint the place therewith Or Take ashes of the burnt Reed Goats hair burnt Maidenhair Bears fat liquid Pitch Rosin of the Cedar of each alike and this he calleth the admirable Remedy Or Take House Mice burnt a piece of linen Cloth burnt Horse Teeth burnt Bears Fat the Marrow of a Hart the rind of the Reed equal parts of al Honey as much as wil suffice and make an Vnguent Or Take Euphâ—rbium Thapsia Oyl of Bayes of each two drams live Sulphur both the Hellebors of each one dram Add Wax six drams which may be moistened with Oyl of Bayes or old Oyl or liquid Pitch and mingle them together And this Medicament is of al other the strongest and therefore most convenient for the Malady when it is become inveterate In the Malady that is more mild it wil be sufficient to use a Medicament made of Southernwood or the roots of the Reed burnt mixt and incorporated with old Oyl Oyl of Bayes or liquid Pitch Or Take Rocket seed Cresses Nitre equal parts of them al and let them be mingled with Oyl of Bayes or liquid Pitch This that followeth is yet more mild and therfore fit for Women and Children Take Southernwood the ashes of the Root and Rind of the Reed Frankincense of each of these equal parts Bears Fat and Oyl of bitter Almonds of each as much as wil suffice and make a Liniment But if it be needful to make it stronger then add thereto Spuma Maris live Sulphur Bulls Gall Rocket seed Nitre or even Thaplia also Or Take Mustard seed Thapsia the seed of Cresses equal parts of them al when you have beaten them into a very fine pouder then add Oyl of Bayes and Rosin of each alike as much as will suffice and at the fire make hereof an Emplaster according to art Such like Medicaments good store of them
two Locks growing forth on their Heads entwisted and infolded within themselves inwardly and entangled together with the hairs nigh unto them the Lock hereby becoming exceeding very thick and then indeed it was nothing at all troublesom But now this same Disease hath begun to Creep further and fleeth up and down throughout the whole Kingdom of Polonia to the great disquiet and torment of all sorts of People It infringeth the Bones looseneth the Limbs infesteth the Vertebrae of the Limbs maketh the members round like a Globe and writheth them back it causeth them that are affected therewith to bunchout it poureth forth Lice and so filleth the Head with fresh supplies of these said Lice following one after the other that it can by no means be sâ—eed of them If these Entangled Locks be shaven off that humor and the poyson thereof sheds forth into the body and then as we wrote before extreamly tortureth the persons thus affected it disquieteth and troubleth the Head Feet Hands all the Limbs all the Joynts and in a word all the parts of the body And it is found by experience that such as have shaven off these bundles of hairs so closely entwisted within themselves that these have soon after been taken in their Eyes or else have been most grievously tortured with Defluxions unto the other parts of the body If we attempt to Cure the Party by the usual purging Medicaments the affected Person is the worse for them and the tormenting pain rageth so much the more because that the said purgation is not able to master and expel the Noxious offensive humors but only stirs them abroad and thereby scattereth and disperseth them throughout the whole body for after purging those that are afflicted with this Pest are so exceedingly tormented with a burning pain of all their Members that nothing can possibly be added unto the sharpness bitterness of the Torture Women for the most part are taken herewith and likewise those men that are inclined unto the French Disease as also the Children begotten by them that are infected with the said Disease and those likewise who by Repercussive Medicaments have driven back and repressed the Porrigo of the head which the vulgar cal Tinea and moreover such Women as in the time of their Monthly Courses are not sufficiently purged Of which Women some of them there have been that in their young and most vigorous age having had no more than a shew of their Courses but withal an extraoâ—dinary flux of blood from the Nose these in their declining age this flux at the Nose ceasing have fallen into this very disease of the intangled Locks Some there have been though very few who having been for some yeers tortured and afflicted with this kind of Disease and not at al shaven their heads and having undergone al the vexation nastiness and filthy deformity of this disease not without extraordinary great trouble and a most intollerable nauseousness have at length recovered upon the falling off of these virulent intangled Locks but yet nevertheless the greatnest part of them perished Many kinds of Medicaments have been sought for and made trial of but as yet there hath been found none that would effect the Cure The force likewise and nature of the Disease and the cause thereof have been sought for but as yet there indeed appeareth nothing of certainty touching what we have sought for The Country Boors give out that they have found great relief by carrying tied about them an Vrchin pulled in pieces and for the total abolition of the said affect they make themselves a meat of the said Vrchin it self but yet we find that even in this there is not any thing much available They furthermore provide themselves of a Decoction made of the Leaves of Bears-breech with the which when they wash their heads the locks we mentioned before break forth and withal great store of Lice This Affect communicates with that fuliginous and sooty exhalation out of which the hairs are bred and it seemeth to have some affinity with the affect Tinea and by its excruciating and racking the bones with the French pox by the great abundance of Lice with the Phthiriasis by the pain of the Joynts with the Gout Arthritis and by the miserable contraction of the Members that it causeth it seems to have some neer alliance with the Spasm That I may add no more most worthy and renowned Professors your Excellencies wel skill'd and most expert in this kind of Art wil easily collect how necessary this deliberation is and with how great a benefit you shal oblige unto you the whol most vast Kingdom of Polonia when by your deep Wisdoms and Skill you shal have discovered and found out a present Remedy for this kind of Pestilent Malady with the which it is generally vexed and disquieted in a most violent manner and when you have found out an expedient Remedy if you then please to communicate it unto us by your Letters Many there have been who as the first Authors and Inventors of various Medicines live yet even unto this very day in perpetual praise the glory and renown of this Medicine found out by your excellent and magnifique Wisdoms shal be properly your own shal make you famous and shal for ever flourish in succeeding ages I expect from you your most friendly and courteous Answer but if I have not sufficiently neither yet in fit and proper words and such as were requisite expressed the quality and condition of this Disease I desire of your Excellencies that you would herein excuse me a man wholly conversant in another kind of Art I have presented you with a certain Adumbration of this Disease and in a manner shadowed forth unto you this Malady the more interior Nature and hidden parts thereof your excellent Wisdoms by the sharp and quick sight of your knowledg will easily search into and contemplate I bid your Excellencies heartily farewel From Zamoscium this last day of the month of October in the Yeer one thousand five hundred ninety nine And yet notwithstanding there are others that tel us how that this Disease is very common and familiar even in other Regions also For in the Observations of Schenckius we may likewise see that this Disease was known also unto the Brisgoi and Alsatians For thus Schenckius writeth in the first Book of his Medicinal Observations Observat 13. There is saith he with us at this day to be observed a certain most horrid uncombed and most intricate kind of hairie Tufts both in the head and beard no whit strange and unusual unto ours but altogether unknown unto the Ancient Physitians of former times in what Age soever they lived with which such as are affected you may see them have hanging down from the rest of the hair of their head and beard even unto the shoulders breast and somtimes also even unto the very Navel very long tufts and bushes of hair wonderfully intricate oftentimes a
perfectly Cured albeit that the wounded person die not thereof but a Callousness being brought over it the Pipe still remaineth by which the Urine is voided forth But yet nevertheless it is not long that a man can continue to live with such a like wound and therefore we say here again as we said also before that there is a difference to be made between a wound Mortal and a wound incurable But yet notwithstanding touching al the Wounds of the bowels hitherto mentioned this is to be observed that albeit there have been observed some examples of such like wounds that have been Cured yet that this hath happened very rarely and that among these those are to be numbered touching which Averrhoes saith that in the Cure of Diseases there are somtimes Miracles wrought For when fit and proper Medicaments cannot be applied unto internal wounds but that the whole work must be committed unto Nature if in this Case Nature be not very strong and Vigorous the wounded person is very hardly Cured but for the most part an inflammation Convulsions Faintings and Swoundings and other the like Symptoms supervening the party dieth And therefore Hippocrates saith rightly in the sixth of his Aphorism Aphor. 18. that such wounds are Mortal and in his Coaca that most commonly and for the most part men die of such Wounds And therefore if upon the receiving of such a wound the sick person die within a short time after the Cause of his Death ought to be imputed unto the Wound since that much help is not to be hoped for from the Physitian as we shal also anon shew you And Lastly Hippocrates reckoneth up the Wounds of the greater Veins among those that are Mortal Wounds of the great Veins and indeed rightly But now by the word Phlebae he understandeth both the Veins and Arteries and by Pacheis he meaneth great and lying hid within which elsewhere he termeth Aimorrhous that is to say pouring forth Blood such as are the great hollow Vein and the great Artery and the great branches of these For such veins and arteries seeing that they cannot be shut close by any ligature whatsoever the blood and the spirits plentifully flowing forth of them the strength and powers of the Body are soon dejected or else the blood that is fallen forth without its own proper Vessels if it hath no passage forth but that it be still deteined in the Body it Clotteth together and putrefieth and getteth unto it self a very evil corrupt and Malignant Nature causeth a Gangreen and exciteth most grievous Symptoms and at length bringeth even death it self upon the party And indeed this danger is most grievous and formidable in the Arteries when the Blood and vital spirits being poured forth the powers of the Body are dejected and the mans life endangered neither can the Arteries be easily brought to close by Reason of their continual motion and hard substance And these are the Wounds that as Hippocrates rightly saith are Mortal Of which notwithstanding as I told you before some are simply or altogether Mortal which Prosper Farinaceus Tit. de Homicidis Quest 125. Part 3. defineth that they are such that require not the Care and advice of Physitians but are such of which the Wounded person dyeth that is by Reason of which although they be Cured by all the Art and industry of the most skilful Physician yet nevertheless the Wounded person instantly dieth thereof And others of them are not altogether Mortal and certain in their causing of death which the same Prosper Farinacius defineth to be such of which the Wounded party dieth not suddenly and of which somtimes he dieth not at all But what Wounds of the latter sort are Mortal that is of which although some are now and then cured and recover their perfect health and strength yet nevertheless this or that particular person may truly be said to have died of them will indeed plainly appear from what we said before touching the Mortal Wounds of each single and particular part And yet nevertheless this is likewise to be added that we are especially to Judg by the Event whether any such Wound be actually Mortal or not For although some strong and lusty Boor or a Man otherwise exactly found and healthful shall recover of some such wound yet Nevertheless it will not necessarily follow that therefore an old person a Child a Woman or any other that is but of a weak constitution must recover of the like wound but albeit the former of these was cured of the like wound yet this latter may necessarily die of the same But now whether or no such dangerous Wounds be Mortal in this or that particular person Nicolaus Boerius in his 323. Decision Num. 11. teacheth us how we may discover it by fix Conjectures The first whereof is the shortness of the time to wit if the sick person die very suddenly after the Wound of which space of time albeit there be very many opinions touching it yet notwithstanding he saith that the principal is this if the wounded person shall die within three daies after the wound received But yet however there are some that extend this space of time unto the fifth or even also unto the eighth day But others notwithstanding extend this term even unto the eighth month or a whole year and this seemeth unto me most probable And unto this space of time the Mosaical Law Exod. Chap. 21. seemeth to have respect The Second Conjecture is the persevering of the vomiting and feaver and other Symptoms that from the very first signifyed and threatened death And this is a right Conjecture and according to the Opinion of all Physicians yea even of Galen and Hippocrates himself For those great and mortal Wounds have their Decretory and Critical daies like as Acute Diseases have as Hippocrates tels us 2 Prorrhet in the which good or evil Symptoms are wont to happen And therefore if grievous Symptoms such as are Convulsions Vomitings sobbings Dotages Syncopes and the like which otherwhiles also are wont to presage Death in such as are wounded presently and even from the very first invade the wounded person or else appear upon him on the Critical day and after continually persevere they then signifie that they were necessarily brought upon the Party by the Wound and therefore that the Wound is altogether mortal The third Conjecture is the breadth and depth of the Wound For a Wound that is very great and dangerous in it self may yet although it be great yet not be dangerous if by it no Noble part be hurt The fourth Conjecture is the quality of the instrument with which the Wound is given and by which the person inflicting the Wound is convinced that he had a will and purpose to kil the party Wounded But this conjecture concerneth rather the Court of Justice then the Colledg of Physitians who inquire not so much after the will and intention of the person wounding as simply and
of Lupines Betony Camomile flowers and Oyl fully ripe For such like Cataplasms do asswage pain throughly dry and discuss resist putridness Cherish and strengthen the Native heat and therefore in the wounds of the Nerves and Tendons they are very fitly administred and especially such are then to be made use of when the Nerves begin to be enflamed and to putrifie and then those Cataplasms are to be made with Oxymel or else with a Ley and the same Cure almost is to be instituted and in the same manner to be ordered as it is wont to be in a Gangrene but now beginning And therefore in this all Authors agree and Practise it self and experience teach us this that in all prickings of the Nerves we ought to abstain from all things cold Astringent and moist and that we are to use those things that are hot dry and having a thin substance or as Galen saith all our Care and Counsel must be directed and tend unto this that the faculty of the Medicaments be both thin as also meanly and indifferently heating and such as may dry without any pain For these alone can draw from the bottom of the wound the Sanies or thin Excrement without either contracting or biting any the least part thereof But although that this indeed be out of doubt that the Medicaments that are administred unto the prickings of the Nerves have such a like faculty as ere while we told you of to wit to dry up and discuss the thin Excrements and to draw from the bottom of the wounds but then whether they yet do nothing else but this and whether their being administred be to no other end of this I much doubt And that which causeth me so to doubt is that which hath been spoken above in the eight Chapter touching Sarcoticks For whereas in that place I have shewn that it is not at all absurd to determine that the chief and principal end of all Sarcotick Medicaments is this that they may Corroborate the heat of any part whatsoever that so Nature in the generating of flesh may so much the more rightly discharge its office this is especially requisite in the wounded Nerves Tendons and Ligaments For since their heat is far more weak then that of the fleshy parts this heat is yet further debilitated in those that are wounded and therefore they are not able rightly to Concoct and Assimilate the Aliment that floweth unto them and from hence it is that this Aliment is converted into Sanies and by how much the greater the weakness is by so much the greater is the store of such Sanies that floweth out And moreover in regard that the Nervous parts are endued with a most exquisite sense they are easily affected with a pain likewise upon occasion of which the vitious Humors flow unto them from al other parts of the Body And from hence it very often happeneth that from the wounded Joynts and especially in the Arm or Knee and yet more especially if there be present an Inflammation there is never any laudable Pus generated but there floweth forth great store of this Sanies which our Chirurgeons cal das Glied VVassel or the Joynt Water and some of the more ignorant of these Chirurgeons think it to be the genuine Humor of the Joynt it self and thereupon they endeavour to obstruct and stop the afflux thereof by I know not what kind of Medicaments when as notwithstanding there cannot be conteined so much Humor in all the Joynts of the whole Body as we shall somtimes have flowing forth of such a wound in â—â—e day and the said Flux can no way be stanched unless unto the wounded part there be restored its own Natural Temper of which likewise Johannes Langius gives us notice in his Preface to his Medicinal Epistles and in his first B. and third Epistle But now for those Medicaments which experience hath taught us to be very useful in al wounds of the Nerves and Tendons and more especially in the Wounds that are caused by prickings they are Oyl fully ripe such as is two yeers old rather then new the Oyl of Earthworms of Rue of white Lillies of Costus of Castor of Turpentine this last may be used alone of it self in Children Women and such as are of a more moist and soft Constitution of Body but in such as have drier Bodies there may be some Euphorbium mingled therewith Ammoniacum Galbanum Root of round Aristolochy Dittany and generally all Roots that are bitter without Astriction Propolis of Beehives in the same manner either alone or else with Euphorbium instead of Euphorbium Sâ—gapenuin may likewise be therewith mingled the destilled Oyl of Turpentine the Sweat or Tear of the Fir-Tree and other Artificial Balsams Galen likewise commendeth an Emplaster that is made of Wax one part Turpentine and Pitch of each half parts Euphorbium the twelfth part touching which see further in Galen his sixth B. of the Meth. of Curing Chap. 2. where he taketh great pains and is very Exact and Large in treating of the use of Euphorbium in the wounds of the Nerves the Sum and substance of al which is this Whereas no one can possibly comprehend the use of Euphorbium by measure both by reason of the different age of the Euphorbium as also by reason of the Variâ—us Natures of Bodies we ought therefore to heed what this Euphorbium is to wit whether new or old and in what proportion it is to be mingled For the old which is more yellow and more Pale then the New but more hard and dry of Consistence is less efficacious and although that it keep some of its virtue unto the third yeer yet in the fourth fifth or sixth yeer it is then so decaied that in the process of time it is altogether useless and good for nothing And therefore the new is to be mingled with a triple quantity of Wax As Take Euphorbium one ounce Wax three ounces Oyl ten or twelve ounces But when it is become a little old it ought then to be mingled in somwhat a greater proportion and there must be added thereto one part and half or two parts if it be three or four yeers old more then formerly when it was new that is to say a double weight unto the former or if you please it may in weight be equal unto the Wax in which thing notwithstanding use is much to be heeded and attended For if the wounded person shall complain of any biting that he feels from the said Medicament and the parts lying about the Puncture shall appear to be hot then the Puncture or Pricking it self is somwhat more swelling then is fit and the Lips of the wound wil be some thing affected with an Inflammation and we may conclude that the Medicament is stronger then it ought to be and therefore either the strength of it is to be abated and qualified by the admixture of the greater store of Oyl or else the older Euphorbium is to
out into three scituations viz. The inward outward and hinder part towards the ham but the opposition of the patel bone hinders its falling out to the fore part of which shal be spoke hereafter in the Luxations of the particular parts The Difference is taken from the Efficient Cause From the Efficient Cause because the Luxation is somtimes from external Causes as fals blows jumpings running and from a violent distorsion extension and impulsion of the part but somtimes from internal causes as while a humor sliding into the cavity of the joynt drives it out of its place There are also certain improper Differences Improper Differences or rather complications of other preternatural Affects with Luxations as that an Inflammation fracture wound or somwhat else is joyned with the Luxation Signs Diagnostick A Joynt being fallen forth into another place is easily known by the sight and touch for there appears a Tumor in the part into which the joynt is fallen but a hollowness in the place from whence the joynt is fallen and that appears so much the easier if the body be not very thick and fat or the place be void of flesh Again if the Luxation be perfect that Member is made shorter whenas the joynt no longer included in its Cavity but falling out of it is drawn upwards yet somtimes the Member becomes longer as is afterwards said in particular When then the Member luxated is alwaies unlike to the sound one in scituation figure and longitude we must alwaies compare the Member affected with the like sound part of the same name Arm with Arm Thigh with Thigh in the same man where yet we must observe that the Member with which we compare it be found and have no fault Thirdly because Articulations are made for motion if a joynt fal out of its natural seat it must needs be that the motion of the joynt is hurt therefore where there is a suspition of a Luxation yet the motion is not hurt we must conclude that there is yet no luxation made Lastly because a joynt falling forth of its seat doth compress the sensible parts into which it is fallen as the Tendons Nerves Muscles from thence there is raised a pain And these are the signs of a perfect Luxation but if there be only a Subluxation the Signs propounded wil either be more gentle or some of them wil be wanting If there be a Luxation of a joynt joyned by a Synarthrosis in which the Bones do gape it is known by the thickness of the Member greater than usual and by a greater bunching out than the heads of the bones do consist of As concerning the Causes The signs of the Causes the external and violent are apparent by the relation of the Patient and the Luxation proceeding from thence happen suddenly but if the Luxation he by reason of the loosness of the Ligaments it happens by degrees and the luxated Member is moved and totters up and down with inordinate motions and whiles the joynt is forced into its seat the Member indeed acquires its natural longitude which being let alone again presently it becomes longer Also if the head of the Bone luxated be thrust with the fingers to the contrary part it easily recoil back every where about the joynt there is a Cavity begotten that if the finger be thrust into the joynt it easily goes in no body resisting as if al were empty When some Epiphysis is pulled off from its being it is known by the impotency of motion and by the crackling when they are handled and moved Prognosticks 1. In the Bodies of Children and yong folks and those that are softer the bones luxated are easily restored yet being restored are not so faithfully retained the contrary happens in riper and harder bodies 2. The Joynts which are dedicated to fewer differences of motions are more difficultly replaced but better contained 3. By how much the further the joynt is fallen from its bosom by so much the more difficultly 't is restored by how much the neerer by so much the sooner 4. The Luxations in which the brows of the bones are broken are worst of al for though the joynts be restored to their places yet they continue not long but fal out again upon the sleightest cause 5. The joynts which are fallen forth by reason of the Laxness of the Ligaments though they be replaced yet do easily fal forth again 6. Those Luxations which have a great pain inflammation or wound happen on them are hard to be cured and want not their danger and cannot be restored without danger of Convulsions nay of death Wherefore if the bone being reduced the Nerves be distended it must presently be forced out again as Celsus doth counsel 7. Old Luxations and which are grown hard with a Callus and which have a clammy humor filling up the Cavities of the Bones are never or very hardly cured therefore every Luxation must presently be replaced 8. They who in their Childhood have had their joynts fal forth and are not replaced they grow less than others 9. What Member also soever hath been troubled with a long continued Luxation by how much 't is the less able to be moved by a natural motion by so much the more 't is extenuated and wasted both because by intermission of motion the Native heat of the part is dulled and because the Vessels are comprest by the luxated joynt and the necessary influence of blood and spirits is hindered 10. A Luxation of the head brings death by reason of the compression of the Spinal Marrow presently at its first rise and the prohibition of the influx of animal Spirits We shal afterwards speak in particular of the Prognosticks of the rest of the joynts The Cure The Bone luxated and which is fallen out of its natural seat shews a reposition to its natural place and this Indication is satisfied and Luxations are cured by straining and forcing them to the part opposite to that from whence the change is made which replacing of the joynts fallen forth of their seats is called ton arthron embole and arthrembole But the replacing of luxated Bones is compleated three waies either by the hands of the Chirurgeon and his Servants which is the most simple and is called Palestrical because 't was used in the wrestling places if at any time the Fencers Limbs were luxated and 't is convenient in soft bodies and where the evil is fresh or by some vulgar instruments the joynts are forced into their seats as by the help of reins swathes ropes ladders seats two leav'd doors which is called the Methodical way and is convenient for children women and the stronger males and for old luxacions or 't is performed by instruments and certain singular engines and 't is called organical and 't is applied to stronger bodies and old Luxations and altogether to those which cannot be restored the two former waies But concerning such Engines see Hippocrates de artic et