have the outward shape for it is not the matter nor outward Lineament but the forme that gives essence and denomination Many learned men as Pindarus Plutarch Pareus and others Plut. in lib. inscript an Brutis ratio insit reduce the causes of these horrid deformities and transfigurations of the humane forme to the promiscuous confusion of the seed of divers Species whence semi-men and semi-beasts do often result wherefore they in a wonderfull manner inveigh against men who neither fearing God nor the Laws become so subject to their lust that they put no difference between themselves and beasts whilest they dare to mingle with them Plin. lib. 7. nat Hist Pliny where he speakes of the Hippocentaure which was borne in Thessalie and after it was dead by the command of Claudius Caesar was brought unto him out of Egypt embalmed in honey seemes to favour this opinion which opinion is more established because upon the dispersing of Nations after the deluge Lust lasciviously running a debauched course through very wickednesse the licentiousnesse of inordinate concupiscence introduced many deformities and defoedations of the Humane forme yet there are many of the Learned that cannot wholly embrace this opinion Since it cannot be according to the Doctrine of Aristotle The causes of monstrous deformities that out of the permixtion of Creatures very discrepant in Species temperature and gestation of the wombe any issue should result wherefore although it is confessed for a truth that monsters want determinate causes because they are effects not intended by Nature but are only procreated by accident yet they are faine to have recourse to other naturall causes Arist Lect. 4. problem 13.14 The Philosopher hath left it upon record that these monstrous depravations of the humane forme are sometimes occasioned through corrupt seed but by corrupt seed he doth not understand seed altogether putrified but only that wherein the virtue of the whole Species doth languish whereupon either the whole Foetus or some parts thereof are produced unlike to the Genitors for when the virtue Formatrix finds the matter of the Foetus rightly disposed then it procreates an issue like to the Generator if otherwise unlike besides this they fetch causes from the Alimentary virtue from hereditary diseases and from monstrous and deformed Parents the narrowness of the place not allowing roome for two seeds to dilate for the forming of two but forcing them to a coalescence but to omit all other vitious dispositions which corrupt the naturall principles destined to generation and conformation Vehement imagination which possesseth the greatest force of hindering the matter of seed is commonly the cause of these monstrosities for even as it happens that a woman with child imprints the image of that she longs for on the Child she goeth with so it may happen that a woman impleat with humane seed if she afterwards lye with a Dog out of the assiduous cogitation and feare of bringing forth a Dog imprints the parts of a Dog upon the fruit in her wombe Whether Bruits may conceive by Men and women by Bruits and then it is not to be said that the off-spring was produced from the Dogs seed since there is no conveniency observed between the humane and canine seed Yet it is not denied that from divers Animals being of a convenient nature and temperament monsters may proceed and in such monstrifique Creatures when the seed of the Male if it be a man is more vigorous in the supernall parts of the foetus then the superiour parts result unto a humane forme and if the seed of the Bruit in the formature of the inferiour parts hath a valid operation then the lower parts of the monster become Belluine It is verily a horrid thing to be spoke that man the Prince of all Creatures and which is more created in the Image of God should flagitiously mingle with a Bruitish Copulation so that a Biformed breed halfe men and halfe beasts are ingendred by the confusion of seed of divers Species of which there have come abominable and promiscuous Creatures to the horrid abasement and confusion of the humane forme the effect whereof although it seeme impossible to Galen yet to Baptista Porta Baptista Potta iâ— Magica natural Vide Wekerum de secretis li. 5. Iacob Rueff lib. 5. de Generat Hom. who hath written of the Art of getting Monsters and hath strange histories of such productions it seemes not impossible although difficult and he annexeth his reasons yet in my opinion Jacobus Rueffus gives the best account of this difficulty who affirmes that Bruites may conceive by men and men likewise by Bruits which he makes good by three reasons first from naturall appetite secondly Bauhin lib. de Hermophrad Kornman lib. de mirac vivorum Delrio disquis Mag. from the provocation of nature by detectation thirdly by the attractive virtue of the Matrix which is alike both in Bruits and Men. The curious and diffident may find the matter of fact confirmed by many examples in Bauhinus Kornmannus and Delrio and therefore we may spare these testimonies that would confirme the possibility of the thing Whether of a man and a beast a true man may be borne And indeed I do not find the thing absolutely denied as impossible but rather that it is questioned whether such a production be a true man or a monster Delrius who is somewhat incredulous in this point saies he is certaine that of a man and a Beast a true man cannot be borne because a Beasts seed is void of that perfection which is required to the mansion place of so noble a soule wherefore if any thing be borne of such a mixture it will be a monster and not a man for such an off spring followes the worser condition of the seed Euseb Neiremberg in Hist Naturae Eusebius Neirembergensis also puts the question whether of seed not humane a true man may arise that is whether by the horrible Copulation of a woman and a beast a true man may be brought forth he thinkes we ought not liberally to beleeve these things neither thinkes he it to be above the power of Nature if the womans seed be efficacious and he puts the other question whether any other womb besides a womans hath been the receptacle of a humane off-spring and he thinkes that if the Issue require the efficacity of both Parents none but the wombe of a woman can lodge a true man adorned with understanding but if the force only of the Male fabricate the Progeny and the woman only is but the shop then he thinkes perchance according to Physitians it will be possible after that hainous coition a man may be cherished in a beasts wombe the Seed of man being before cast therein but if any thing hath been produced in shape like unto man it is never without some gage of an irrationall nature When Nature is impedite many strange transpositions and deformities both in
noble Secretary who before marriage was endowed with great Breasts which notwithstanding at the first time of her impregnation did increase and rise to a greater nay even a most horrid bulke and they alwaies after her conception did so encrease that they were wont to hang down even unto her knees at which strange case â—â—lmuthus stood amazed when her husband shewed her Breasts unto him to be cured The chiefe use of the Breasts wondring at the matter which otherwise useth to be collected towards the Child in the wombe making together the Belly tumid that so great quantity should ascend upwards or creepe to the Breasts whence he observed that there is not only a consent between the Veines of the Wombe and Breast but a conflux also But although Nature forced thereto against her will prevaricates in the shape of the Breasts and Divine Providence hath gone beyond the Rules to which she hath necessarily constrained us it is not to give us a dispensation from them they are blows of his Divine hand which we ought not to imitate but admire as extraordinary examples and markes of an expresse and particular avowing of the severall kinds of wonders which for a testimony of his omnipotency he affordeth us beyond our orders or forces which it is folly and impiety to go about to represent and which we ought not to follow but contemplate with admiration and meditate with astonishment being Acts of his Personage and not of ours Another thing discommendable in some of these Nations is that they take these loathsome lovely long Breasts to be a goodly thing and that they go naked to shew them for a bravery the chiefe use of the Breasts being the generation of milke that they may be ashamed who for nicity and delicacy do forfeit this principall use of these excellent parts and make them only Stales or Bawds of Lust as too many Ladies amongst us do who by opening these common shops of temptation invite the eyes of easie Chapmen to cheapen that flesh which seemes to lye exposed as upon an open Stall to be sould The Breasts accounted shamefull parts To whose Udders I could wish some severe Cato could present a good wholesome morall Hedgehog to make them shut up shop and translate their Masques from their Face to their Breasts More innocent are the Maldives in the other harmelesse extreame Purch Pilgr 1. lib. 9. who count the Breasts shamefull parts not to be spoken of who carefully hide them and to speake of them they account it very lascivious and dishonest the Maids go naked untill their Breasts begin to beare out and encrease and then they think it a thing needfull to cover them holding as great a shame to shew them as their Privities The most Noble Virgins of Secota in Florida also are more modest than ours De Bry Hist Ind. who for the most part apply their hand to their shoulders so covering their Breasts in signe of Virgin modesty being naked in all the rest of their body There being good reason in Nature why women should have a modest regard of them and not so openly expose them because the consent between the Breasts and Wombe is very great in so much as the only contrectation of them provoketh Lust Another and that no small aggravation of their offence against Nature is that these women should so love to have great Dugs that they strive to have their Children suck over their shoulders for this is a device contrary to the intention of Nature as plainly appeares by the scituation of the Breasts as we have shewed in our Vox Corporis or Morall Anatomy of the Body Sutable to this absurdity is the Custome of the Turkish women Helyn who carry not their Children in their armes as we do Very little Breasts affected but astride on their shoulders But more conceited is the Fashion of the Matrons of Dasamonque in Florida who have a strange manner of carrying their Children plainly diverse from ours For we as a gesture more conformable to the hint of Nature carry ours in our armes before our Breast they taking hold of the right hand of the Child beare them on their back De Bry Hist Ind. embracing the Child 's left-heele with their left-hand by a way as wonderfull and forreign as it is averse to Nature Purch Pilgr 3. lib. 2. More commendable are the women of Uraba who do mightily affect little Breasts and use all the Art they can devise to have them so Allowable is the use of those Cosmetiques which are contrived by Art to restraine the exuberancy of the over-grown Breasts and reduce them to their naturall proportion which in the corrective part of medicine is performed by refrigerating repercussive medicaments which drive backward the matter to the profundity and excellently advancing the naturall heat compell it to enter into the depth of the Body and so meeting with the Aliment afar off prevents its passage io the more superficiall parts and so consequently prohibits the undecent augmentation of the Breasts Yet the practice of some Indian women to avoid the deformity of sagging Breasts is no way allowed who having Teats that become loose and hanging use therefore abortions with a certaine herb because they will not have this deformity and when they fall the principall women beare them up with Bars of Gold As if the Breasts of women were intended only for ornament Doe you thinke saith Phaverinus Men with great Breasts Phaver in Aul. Gell. that Nature hath given women their swelling paps as so many more beautifull Warts not for the nourishing of Children but for the adorning of the Breast for so many prodigious women endeavour to dry and dam up that most sacred Fountaine of the body and feeder of mankind as if it should despoile them of the ensigns of Beauty of which not the Vulgar but the Learned complaine that the greatest part of women an ancient crime put forth their Children to be Nursed from whence there follows the frequent infirmities of mens Bodies together with a shortning of the age and a diminution in their stature The same or not much differing folly are they guilty of who use strange counterfeit sleights to abortiate the fruit of their Body that the smoothnesse of the Belly be not winkled and enfeebled with the weight of the burthen and the labour of Child-birth a thing deserving all hate and detestation that a man in his very originall whiles he is framed whiles he is enlived should be put to death under the very hands and in the Shop of Nature In Aegypt the men have greater Breasts than the biggest of our women for Prosp Alpin lib. de med Egypt c. 9. Prosper Alpinus writes that they grow so fat by their course of Diet that he never saw in any Country so many extreame fat men as he observed in Grand Cairo and he reports that most of them are so fat that they have Breasts
may see what a hand the lust and folly of a man hath in this Hemophraditicall Transformation or Androginall mixture Those who in old time were called by the name of Androgyni were reputed then for prodigious wonders Howbeit as Pliny notes Plin. Nat. Hist lib. 7. cap. 3. Aul. Gel. l 9. c. 4 Isidor lib. 11. cap. 3. Jul. Obseq lib. prodig in his time men tooke delight and pleasure in them M. Messala C. Livius Consuls in Umbria there was a Semi-man almost twelve yeares old by the command of the Aruspices slaine L. Meteblus and Q. Fabius Maximus Consuls there was an Hermophradite borne at Luna Idem by command of the Southsayers cast into the sea P. Africanus C. Fulvius Consuls Idem in the Country of Ferretinnum there was an Hermophradite horne and carried unto the River Gn. Domitius Cajus Fannius Consuls Idem in Foro Vessonum another borne and cast into the Sea L. Aurelius and L. Caecilius Consuls Idem about Rome there was another Hermophradite some eight yeares old found and carried unto the sea L. Caecilius L. Aurelius Consuls Idem there was another about ten yeares old found at Saturnia and drowned in the Sea Q. Metellus Tullius Didius Consuls Idem another was carried from Rome and drowned in the Sea A course taken to prevent Courses Cn. Cornelius Lentulus P. Licinius Consuls there was an Androgynus found Idem and carried to the Sea Beyond the Nasamones and their neighbours confining upon them the Matchlies there be found ordinarily Hermophradites called Androgyni of a double nature and resembling both Sexes Male and Female who have carnall knowledge one of another interchangeably by turnes as Caliphanes doth report Cited by Pliny Nat. Hist lib. 7. Aristotle saith moreover that on the right side of their breast they have a little teat or nipple like a man but on the left side they have a full pap or dug like a woman Montuus de Med. Thoresi lib. 1. cap. 6. I knew saith Montuus an Hermophradite who was accounted for a woman and was married to a man to whom she bore some sons and daughters notwithstanding he was wont to lye with his maids and get them with child This is remarkable Anno 1461. in a certaine City of Scotland there was an Hermophrodite maid got her Masters Daughter with child who lay in the same bed with her Veinrichius Com. de Monstris pag. 7. facie aversa being accused of the Fact before the Judges she dyed being put into the ground alive The Tovopinambaultian women of Brasill in in America Purch Pilgr 4. lib. 7. never have their Flowers not liking that purgation it is thought they divert that flux by some meanes unknown to us for the Maids of twelve yeares old have their sides cut by their mothers from the armehole down unto the knee with the very sharpe tuske of a certaine beast the young Girles gnashing with their Teeth through the extremity of the paine some conjecture they prevent their monthly flux by this remedy Women affecting streightnesse Concerning the nature of the Menstruall bloud there hath been and yet is hard hold and many opinions among Physicians All agree that this bloud is an excrement for like a superfluity it is every month driven forth the Wombe but many would have it an unprofitable excrement and of a noxious and hurtfull quality but I am of the contrary opinion to wit that it is naturall and profitable and that it is in its own nature laudable and pure bloud and no way offensive unto the woman but only in the quantity thereof as is by some evicted by the Authority of the Ancients and by invincible and demonstrative arguments So that the impurity of the Courses is not so great as some would have it the menstruall bloud being only abundant in women and hath no other fault at all in sound bodies and is but abusively call'd an excrement Unthankefull therefore are those Tovopinambaultian women to Nature who seeme to abhor so signall a benefit of hers in endeavouring to divert the ordinary course of Nature More respective to Nature are the women of Iucaia who when the Menstrua begin to come Petr. Mart. Decad. 7. as if they were to be brought to a man to be married the Parents invite the Neighbours to a banquet and use all signes and tokens of joyfulnesse In the Kingdome of Monomotapa the maids are not to be married till their Menstrua or naturall purgations testifie their ability for conception Holyn Geogr. The women of Vraba have a most streight and narrow neck of their wombe Consal Ovied Hist Iud. Spigel Hum. corp Fabr. l. 1. that they very hardly admit a man A quaere about womens streightnesse which Spigelius thinks happens to them by Art and not by any benefit of Nature since it is known that they much affect such a streightnesse the men of that Countrey as it is likely delighting in none but such who have that accommodation It may be a Quare whether these women owe not somewhat of this strictnesse to the indulgent artifice of their Midwives And whether their Navils were not cut shorter at the birth to make them forsooth modester and their wombes narrower according to the conceit and practice of the European Midwives I confesse Spigelius and all our Modern Writers jeere at this and he makes himselfe merry with this opinion for saith he if it were in the power of women to make the Privities greater or lesser by cutting off the Navell string in sober sadnesse all women labouring with child would complaine of Midwives and that deservedly too because they left not a great part of their Navell string when they were borne that so their Privities being large they might be delivered with the more ease Yet Mizaldus orders it to be cut long in Female children because the Instruments of Generation follow the proportion of it and therefore if it be cut too short in a Female it will be a hinderance to her having of children Taisnier the famous Chiromancer and Astrologer affirmes the same thing The generall conceit of the Italians in this matter causeth the same industrious affectation of Art in your Italian Dames It being a familiar and common thing with the Italian Curtezans with astringent Pessaries by Art to make the neck of their wombe as streight as they list And honest Matrons Mischiefes ensuing affected streightnesse to satisfie the wanton curiosities of their Husbands use the same Art who have many times proved very unhappy in the miserable and dangerous effect of that Artifice and have dearly paid for their foolish officiousnesse with a sad bitternesse of experience too late repenting them of trying of such a conclusion as shuts up the gate of birth themselves with their dead-borne children thereby perishing together Nor is this Artifice altogether unknown unto the women of other Countries Observ med Decad. 3.
cas 5. in Schol. Hachstetterus narrat Ancillam quandam sponsant procul dubio ut sponso virgo quae non erat appareret balnco in quo radices consolidae majoris decortae erant usam fuisse in quod cum hera inscia insedisset Ei ita orificium pudendi coarctatum fuit ut Maritus uxorem claustrum virginale recepisse miraretur Et Nicolus Florentinus refert se vidisse mulierem quae post partum cùm obstetrices adhibuissent medicamenta valdè astringentia ita clausa reddita fuit ut non potuerit coitum exercere Et cum Sennerto loqui hoc institutum ut in scortis culpandum ita in honestis mulieribus non reprehendendum si ipsis hoc vitium post partum accidat potest enim cervicis uteri amplitudo causa sterilitatis esse interdum procidentiae uteri praeterea vitium hoc mulieres viris ingratas reddit et hic quastio resolvitur An Sinûs muliebris adstrictio angustia certum virginitatis signum sit Quod negandum The women of Siam are contrary minded Herb. Travels both in their opinions and practice for to see a Virgin there at Virgins yeares is as a black Swan in regard in their green yeares they give the too forward Maids a virulent drinke whose virtue vice rather is by a strange efficacy to distend their Muliebria so capaciously Where they sew up their Females that the Bels which the men weare in their Yards with rope-ring too easily may enter Purch Pilgr 2. lib. 9. The Maracatos within the Land of Brava have a fashion to sew up the Females especially their Slaves being young to make them unable for Conception which makes these Slaves sell dearer for their Chastity and for better confidence their Mistresses put in them Among the Peguans there are some that sew up the privy member of their Female Children as soone as they are borne leaving them but a little hole to avoid their urine and when she marrieth the husband cutteth it open and maketh it as great and as little as he will which they with a certaine ointment or salve can quickly heale Lindscot Travels lib. 1. c. 17. Lindscoten saw one of these women in Goa whom the Chirurgion of his Master in the Arch-Bishops house did cut open Men would judge saith he all these things to be Fables yet they are most true for I do not only know it by the daily traffique of the Portugals out of India thither but also by the Peguans themselves whereof many dwell in India some of them being Christians which tell it and confesse it for a truth as also the neernesse of place and neigbourhood maketh it sufficiently known Helyn Ethiop Infer The people of Quilea of the Province of Zanziber in Ethiopia Inferiour have among them the same strange fashion which may be mentioned rather for variety than decency They use when they have any Female Children born unto them to sew up the privy passages of Nature Virginity secured leaving only a small passage for the Urine Thus sewed they carefully keep them at home untill they come to marriageable age then they give them to their neighbours for Wives And of what ranck or condition she be which is found by her Husband to want the signe of her perpetuall Virginity is with all kind of ignominy and digrace sent home unto her Parents and by them as opprobriously received And it seemes they confide in no evidence but their own ocular Chirurgery here Petrus Bembo saies Pet. Bembo Lib. Hist Venet. they give their Daughters in marriage thus sewed but first that care is left unto and lies upon the Bridegroome to cut and divide with an Iron Instrument the conglutinated lips of the neck of the wombe In so great honour with those Barbarians in marrying a wife is the certaine assurance of incorrupt Virginity who little trusting to the fraile inclosure of Nature do secure with more strong guards the fortresse of Virginity Had these people known the famous Liniment of Paracelsus which but smeared upon the opening of the mouth in a moment forsooth will contract and conglutinate that Orifice they would it may be have stood in little need of needle and thread and such dolorous punctures for sewing up this suspected passage It should seeme these people are loath to trust the security of Nature More cruelly jealous of their Daughters than the Venetians are of their Wives on whom they hang a padlock And surely they have a slight opinion of Hymen and either know it not or are not willing to confide in it whereas the Jews were no way doubtfull of it And Spigelius and many other Anatomists could by ocular experience satisfie them concerning Natures constant provision to preserve virginal integrity The practice of Irish women for easie Delivery Certainly these Nations would have been well pleased if Nature had produced all their Females imperforated and the Orifice of their wombs closed and sealed up or the Hymen so thick and fleshy that it streightned the passages of Nature that it needed incision an evill which holds proportion in men when the Prepuce grows unto the Nut. It is thought that the Irish women are wont to breake the Os pubis or share-bone of their Female children as soone as they are borne to make them have more easie labour when they come to child-bearing And it is well known that your Irish women have very quick and easie deliverance in Child-birth I confesse I could not in a long time by any enquiry receive full satisfaction concerning this practical endeavour of the Irish nor discover any thing thereof in Books Yet I encline to beleeve the Report because it is an Invention somewhat rationable Yet since the first impression of this Book I have been assured of this practice by a Gentlewoman who was present at an Irish womans Labour in Ireland For in the conformation of the share and Hanch-bone there appears a singular benefit of Nature conferr'd upon women who providing with all Art for the paines of Child bed would have the closing of the Share-bone loosed for the facility of Birth and therefore the Cartilagineous coupling of the Share-bone is in women more soft and in women with Child a little before their delivery more thick embued with an unctious humour Touch also and sight-do manifestly perceive the divulsion of the Share-bone for if you lift up one Leg of a woman lately delivered The practice of Irish women examined you shall perceive the spine of the Share-bone to rise up in the other The truth of this thing may be confirmed by Authority for to omit the well known opinion of Hippocrates Alex. Benedict lib 5. Anat. c. 3. Gorraeus Com. in Hippoc de natura pueri Aetius Tetra 4. Serm 4. cap. 22. Jacob. Carpus in sua Anat. Sylvius in Isagoge Anatom Aristotle Riolanus Schola Anatomica and Avicen many others do witnesse of the bones of the Ilium and
Pecten are opened or seperated to wit the joynts relaxed not exarticulated but justly said to be loosed because that great distention seemes to be quaedam species solutae continuitatis and this is naturally although at other times they are most strongly bound together But there is little need of witnesses inso manifest a businesse experience only to whom the best appeale is made in this Anatomicall controversie may make it credible to whom Physitians think they are bound to give more respect than unto Reason for Riolanus affirmes that he thrice in the presence of Physitians and Chirurgions saw the Cartilage which holds together the bones of the share loosed and relaxed a fingers breadth but that which makes somewhat more to this purpose Fernel lib. 6. Pathologiae Aethius Tetra 4. Serm. 4.6.22 Fernelius among the causes of a difficult birth reckons the more firme compaction of the share-bones when they cannot be dilated in the Birth Now if upon this account the Irish women obtaine a more than ordinary faculty of dispatch in Child-birth it is likely the force they use to their Female Infants as soone as they are borne may relax the Ligaments and move the tender Share-bones to a competent Dilation that may prove afterwards productive of such an effect And it may be the women of the Conarins Corumbins and other Provinces of India who scarce travel at all they are so soon delivered from the paine and perill of Child-birth if they do not rather receive the benefit from the temper of the Climates and the favourable indulgence of the Genius of the Place use some such kind of Artifice conducible to this end Nations with great privy members although the report of their practice hath not yet arrived at our eares As for the matter of Fact taking it for granted it pretends to work a mitigation in that pronounced woe in Dolore paries but this is not the only way that man hath endeavoured to ease himselfe of those inconveniences his transgression hath entailed upon him Purch Pilgr 2. lib. 7. They of Guinea have a great privy member much surpassing our Country-men whereof they make great account Richard Jobs Golden Trade I read in Jobsons discovery of the River Gambra and the Golden Trade of the Aethiopians of a Town called Cassan which is the Kings Seat and by the name of which Towne he holds his Title King of Cassan seated upon the Rivers side of Gambra The Inhabitants of which Towne and parts thereabout being Subjects to the Great King of Cantare and of Bursall By a conjecturall Geography I take this Cassan to be that which Cardan calls Cassena a Region in Affrica and although I read nothing here concerning their great Noses yet I meet with a strange report touching the magnitude of that part which answers to the Nose His discourse runs after this manner Undoubtedly these people originally sprung from the race of Canaan the Son of Ham who discovered his Father Noahs Secrets for which Noah awaking cursed Canaan as our holy Scripture testifieth the Curse as by Schoolemen hath been disputed extended to this ensuing Race in laying hold upon the same place where the originall cause began Men with members like Asses whereof these people are witnesses who are furnished with such members as are after a sort burthensome unto them whereby their women being once conceived with Child so soone as it is perfectly discerned accompanies the man no longer because he shall not destroy what is conceived to the losse of that and danger of the Bearer neither untill she hath brought up the Child to a full and fitting time to be weaned which every woman doth to her own Child is she allowed in that Nature the mans society so that many times it falls he hath not a wife to lye withall and therefore hath allowance of other women for necessities sake which may seem not over-strange unto us in that our Holy Writ doth make mention thereof as you may read in the 23 Chapter of the Prophet Ezekiel where Ierusalem and Samaria being called by the name of two Sisters Ahola and Aholiba being charged with Fornication are in the twentieth verse of the same Chapter said to doat upon those people whose Members were as the members of Asses and whose Issue was like the issue of Horses therein right and amply explaining these people The Turks who as I heare by a Traveller are Mentulatiores and these would have made brave Companions for Heliogabalus that extreame luxurious Emperour Lamprid in vita ejus who gathered together a number of these well weaponed men whom he called Nasatos Vasatos Onobolos id est Mentulatiores whom he made use of to satisfie his inordinate Lust. As for the virile member it is of such length and magnitude as the necessity of the kind requireth for procreation Magnitude membri virilis conformed according to the Law of Nature in one of a just age Quando erigitur obtinet sex uncias longitudine quatuor in Perepheria Although it varies much according to the race of Families and course of Life for there are certaine Families and as you see Nations who have an ill or a good report according to this very thing And how much frequent coition conferreth to the accession of its augmentation they daily are advised of who more often or with more alacrity descend into venerean encounters and indeed the length and thickness thereof varies in respect of the particular creature or individuum because it is formed according to the proportion of the members yet sometimes it is larger in a little man because of the abundance of the proportion of Fathers seed of which it is framed for the Seed falleth from every part of a mans body and carrieth in it power of generating that part from whence it sell But it may be these Guineans tamper not with Nature but have this prerogative from the subtle indulgency of their Midwives For it is thought it will be longer if the Navel-strings be not close knit by the Midwives when the Child is new-borne and that because of a Ligament which commeth to the Navill from the bottome of the bladder which they call Urachos for the straighter that is tyed to the Navell the more the blaâ—der and the parts adjoyning are drawn upward Yet Spigelius saies he cannot well conceive in his mind how this can be done But for the matter of practice he reports that upon this conceit Midwives leaves longer part of the Navell-string of a Male than they do of a Female because in Males they would have the Instrument of Generation long Whether the Navell appeared in our prototype that so they may not be cowards in the Schooles of Venus Now if the supposition be true we are all at the mercy of the Midwives for our sufficiencie In which operation Authors make much adoe and Midwives at present can scarce agree about the place The distance the Navell-string should
Where Eunuches who have religious women in keeping because they shall not be loved have also their noses and lips cut off 357 Eunuches by a totall deprivation of their Genitals why first made 359 Where such Eunuches are in great request 360 Stories of many that have castrated themselves 356 357 358 359 This kind of operation very improper for Physitians and why 359 That Castration is high treason against Nature ibid. What deformity Castration introduces upon the body of man 363 In what cases a dispensation may be granted for Eunuches 362 Who was the first that made women Eunuches 363 Whether women may be castrated 364 The manner of operation and danger thereof ibid. A History of a maid spaded in Lincolneshire 364 365 Another History of one spaded a new way ibid. Riolanus his opinion of the ancient way of operation ibid. What Nations Circumcise the Prepuce of their Yard 366 The naturall ends they propounded therein ibid. Where women have the office of excising men 372 The reasons alleadged for the Judaicall Circumcision 368 379 That they who were Circumcised might make themselves uncircumcised ibid. Who was first thought to have practised this 369 The cure of a prepuce made short by Circumcision ibid. The manner of Circumcision with the modern Jewes ibid. Mahometan Circumcision 370 The difference of the Mahometans and Jews Circumcision 371 The manner of Circumcision at Ginney and Binney 372 A History of Circumcision at Ginney 373 Priviledges affected in Circumcision 374 The inconveniences of Circumcision 377 The injury of Circumcision ib. 378 That one may be born circumcised by nature 368 369 The naturall uses of the prepuce according to Anatomists 376 The pretences of those who use circumcision for a naturall end exploded 377 The danger of judaicall circumcision 379 380 That circumcision is directly against the honesty of Nature 379 That if there had not been some figurative meaning in Circumcision it would have been a most absurd and unreasonable thing For if God would have had onely the foreskin cut off he had from the beginning made man without a prepuce 379 Circumcised Christians 367 In what cases for a naturall end circumcision is onely permitted 362 A new way of Circumcising men by way of strangulation 376 Where women are Circumcised 380 The originall and reason of this invention 381 Where women excise themselves not from a notion of religion but as an ornament ibid. The error sin of this custome 380 How this Circumcision of a woman is done ibid. 381 Men with Members like Asses and where they have a great privy member in great esteem 389 399 Supposed to be nourished by art ibid. The just length and magnitude of the virile member when it is conform'd according to the law of Nature 400 Midwives supposed to be the cause either of the length or shortnes of the virile member according as they knit the navell string 400 401 The Anatomicall reason given thereof with the opinion of Spigelius 400 That whatsoever augmentation of parts is gained by Art besides the will and ordinary allowance of Nature it is commonly attended by some inconveniences 401 The reason of the inconveniences which follow the magnitude and the foule immoderate longitude of the Organ of generation 402 403 Where they use to binde up the Fore-skin of their Privities with a little cord and unty it not but to make water or when they use the act of Generation 381 An expostulation of this unnaturall restraint 382 Men whose Members hang down to their shanks 403 Pygmaei magno veretro 404 Where they adorne their Genitals with pretious stones 383 Where they deprive their secret parts of that which nature intended to make them more secret 383 How this is done and upon what pretence 383 384 Where women never have their flowers 390 By what meanes they prevent their monthly Flux ibid. Their ingratitude to Nature taxed for endeavouring to dâ—vert the ordinary course of Nature 391 Nations commended as more respective to nature in this particular 391 Where the women have a most streight and narrow neck of their wombe that they very hardly admit a Man 392 That this happens to them by art not by any benefit of Nature ibid. Where this art is familiarly and commonly practised 392 393 The miserable and dangerous effects of this artifice 393 Where the virgins use art to distend their Muliebria most capaciously 393 Where they to use sew up the private passage of Nature in their Female child leaving a small passage for their urine 394 39â— Where the Midwives are wont to breake that membrane as unprofitable which Anatomists call Hymen 384 How they doe it ibid. The prodigious conceit of Nero who must needs have a boy cut and made forsooth a woman 407 The naturall change of women into men confuted by demonstration of Anatomy and Nature vindicated from being guilty of any such practicall Metamorphosis 405 That men to be changed into women is very rare 407 Nations of Hermophrodites who have the generative parts of both sexes 386 390 Hereticks that thought the first man was an Hermaphrodite 386 Their opinion confuted by Scripture ibid. and 387 The kindes of Hermophrodites ibid. That those who in old time were called by the name of Androgyni were reputed for prodigious Monsters 389 Ancient Records of such Hermaphrodites ibid. The causes of Hermophrodites 390 S Shoulders HIgh-huff Shoulders where in fashion and naturall 280 Where their shoulders are higher then their Heads ibid. Some concurrent affectation suspected in these Nations ibid. Broad shoulders where in request and indeavoured or imitated by art 281 The inconveniences of broad shoulders and why Platonick Men are not affected by women ibid. Narrow and contracted shoulders where affected 282 With what art they of old affected this composure of the Shoulders ibid. This affectation of drawing the shoulder-points too neer noted and condemned ibid. Where the Noble Virgins Right Shoulders are higher and bigger then the left 283 The cause thereof enquired ibid. Crook-back'd Nations 284 T Teeth VVHere red Teeth are accounted a great beauty 217 By what industry they attain unto this Dentall bravery ibid. Where the principall women take a pride in black Teeth 217 218 Black Teeth where a singular beauty 218 219 Where so greatly affected that the blacker they are the more beautifull they are esteemed and worthy of greater honour ibid. How they make them black ibid. Where they polish their black teeth which makes them shew like polish'd Ebony 219 Where they colour their Teeth red and black 217 How they colour them so ibid. Where the men and women in a foolish pride black their Teeth because Dogs Teeth forsooth are white 219 Where the women guild their Teeth 221 White Teeth the true naturall beauty ibid. They condemned that alter the native candor of the Teeth ibid. Nations commended that are carefull to preserve the naturall beauty of the Teeth ibid. Their artifice whereby they make them look like polished Ivory
was longer than the rest cut to cure the deformity it brought fell straight way into a convulsion and Epilepticall fits and in the part of the Tooth cut off there appeared the footsteps of a Nerve more thankfull to Nature and more retentive of her benefits are they of Fez where when a Child begins to have his Teeth grow his Parents make a feast for other Children and they terme this feast Dentilla which is a proper Latin word And when rotten Teeth are drawn out it is convenient to thinke of some way of artificiall reparation Paraeus heard it reported by a credible person that he saw a Lady of the prime Nobility who instead of a rotten Tooth she drew made a sound Tooth drawn from one her waiting maid at the same time to be substituted and inserted which Tooth in processe of time as it were taking root grew so firme as that she could chaw upon it as upon any of the rest but he had this but upon heresay And the Teeth are so necessary to the welfare of the body of man that Nature to some especiall Favorites hath afforded a renovation of Teeth in their old age nay even of their very Grinders very many examples of which indulgency you may find in Schenckius Lord Bacon and Aldrovandus and of the Countess of Desmond it is reported that she did dentire twice or thrice casting her old Teeth and others comming in their place which is one instance that gives some likelihood of that great designe of restoring Teeth in age which yet hath not been known to have been provoked by Art Lord Bacons Nat. Hist Cent. 8. yet my Lord Bacon makes a Quere whether children may not have some wash or something to make their Teeth better and stronger Corall is in use as an help to the Teeth of Children Golden Teeth In the Province of Cardandam under the great Can Tarters Jurisdiction the men and women cover their Teeth with thin Plates of Gold which they so fit unto them that the Teeth themselves seeme as it were to be set in Plate Had Nature furnished these Nations with a set of such golden Teeth as the Silesian Boy had which answered the Touch and so exercised the wits of the Physicians of that Age she had fitted their Fancies to a haire and had prevented this artificiall endeavour though indeed that proved but a trick of Art To be born with Teeth or in extreame old age to have Teeth renew againe of both which there are many examples are rather miracles in Nature than Monstrosities but the redundant force of Nature is more remarkable in those who have had a double row of Teeth Val. Max. lib. 1. cap. 6. Plin. Nat. Hist lib. 11. cap. 38. Colsius lib. 4. cap. 3. G. Bauhin de observ propriis Colum. lib. 1. Anat. cap. 10. Plin li. 7. c. 16. Val. Max li. 1. de mirac ca. 8. Solin cap. 9. Fulg lib. 1. c. 6. Plut. in Pyrrho as Direpsima the Daughter of Mithridates had Timarchus the Son of Mestor Cyprius and a boy of Lutesia who had all a double course of Teeth Jon Chius attributes to Hercules a trebble set of Teeth which is not so wonderfull since Columbus reports of a Boy of his called Phoebus whose mouth was so stored Some also have had one intire whole bone that tooke up all the Gumbe instead of a row of distinct Teeth as a Son of Prusias King of Bythinians who had such a bone in his upper Iaw Pyrrhus King of the Epirotans had such a continued bone marked as it were with certain lines wherby the interpunction of Teeth were designed out Many more examples might be added but these may suffice Double-tongued Nations SCENE XIV Devices of certaine Nations practised upon their Tongues Purchas Pilgr 1. lib. 2. Geor. Graudius Comment in Solinum Joh. Bohem. de moribus Gent. lib. 3. Kornman lib. de mirac viv Schenckius observat lib. 1. Gemma lib. 1. cap. 7. Cosmogr IN the Island of Jambuli the Inhabitants who exceed us foure Cubits in stature their Tongue hath somewhat peculiar by Nature or Art for they have a cloven Tongue and which is divided in the bottom so that it seemes double from the root so they use divers speeches and do not only speake with the voice of men but imitate the singing of Birds But that which seemes most notable they speak at one time perfectly to two men both answering and discoursing The Tongue double by Nature for with one part of their tongue they speake to one and with the other part to the other The Tongue of man is not indeed double tri-sulke or bisulke as in some Creatures but simple and one only and that verily according to a morall intention of Nature Yet some may wonder how since all the Organs of the Senses are framed double by Nature in the Taste she should order but one only and a simple Instrument and that to good purpose but although to sence it seeme one and a simple Instrument yet to a diligent Anatomist it will appear to be double Galen said the Tongue is double which he proves by this Argument that it hath double Vessels for neither the Veins nor Arteries nor Nerves of the right side go into the left side of it and so è contrario And we see that one side of the Tongue is struck with the Palsie sometimes the other side being unhurt The same disposition also there is of the Muscles to which we may add the white Median or middle line of separation which intersects the Tongue throughout or if you had rather scores it out so that the Tongue as all other Senses is double The cause why it was better for men that the Tongue should be such he saith to be for that by this means it proves more commodious for mastication and speech Which if it be true as Hofman thinks it to be most true without all peradventure saith he we must encourage those Fables which Diodorus Siculus makes Narration of Diod. Siculus lib. 3. that there are men somewhere who have really a double Tongue with which they better performe the linguall offices than we do with one which is the lesse incredible Jo. Franci Hildesii Med Camenicen◠obser since we read of the Infant of a certaine Nobleman which had a double tongue divided according to latitude and of another who had eleven tongues One with eleven Tongues Albert. Mag. Comment ad li. 2. Phys 1. Arist eleven mouths and two and twenty incompleat lips Whether this Duplicity of Tongue be in them Lusus Naturae or a meere device of Art you may see my Authors doubts They that shall seriously ponder the strange Inventions mentioned in this Booke may perchance incline to the latter as most probable at leastwise if Anatomists will allow of the possibility of the thing and then it may passe for an audacious improvement of the Body Such a stratagem
of improvement the pragmaticall invention of man hath proved effectuall in the Tongues of other Creatures it being a common practice to slit the Tongues of Pies Stares Jayes and Daws whom we would teach to speake to inable them the better to imitate the articulation of our speech Yet for the honour of Nature we must question whether this device be not somewhat destructive to the numericall perfection of the Body since that praesupposition in Philosophy is most true That Nature neither abounds in superfluous things nor is defective in necessaries for she doth nothing in vaine nor creates any thing diminished unlesse she be hindred by matter Now since this device pretends to double the provision of Nature by addition of a supernumerary particle although it be quid naturale the Instrument is probably hurt in its operations the number of parts requisite to the composition of the Instrument is depraved either as wee speake by minoration or majoration And if this multiplication of Tongues out of the substance of the Body there should be added to the number of the parts it must prove superfluous and how shall such an attempt be answered to Him who made all things in number measure and in weight Hofman saith he The cutting of the Bridle of childrens Tongues condemned hath heard of Dr Aquapendent that in certaine places of Italy the Midwives were perswaded that the bridle of the Tongue had need of cutting in all Infants therefore they wore the Naile of their right Thumbe long but conform'd into the rising edge of a pen-knife wherewith suddenly as soone as the Infants are borne they breake that ligament or bond Most of them all so served have become Stutterers and many have dyed inflamation arising from that Action Kypler Kyplerus condemns this tearing of it thus with the fingers as certaine rash women are wont to do since through the paine there follows a flux of humours inflamation and other mischiefes and when it is necessary to be cut he would have it done by Chirurgicall operation with a paire of Sizers Casserius also takes notice of this custome of unskilfull Midwives foolishly beleeving that unlesse they should do so the Infant would remaine mute Bauhinus inveighs against this pernicious custome of ignorant Midwives that they indifferently cut that which they call the bridle-string of the Tongue to wit that strong and membranous Ligament which was ordained for the strength and stability of the Tongue and the insertion of its proper Muscles Camerarius saith this opinion is pernicious and not to bee endured And Fabricius Hildanus Columbus and others cry out against it There is indeed a most strong Ligament membranous and broad placed under the middle of the body of the lower part of the Tongue by whose aide the softnesse of the Tongue under-propped it is more easily rolled about and produced to the end of this about the tip of the Tongue there is a little cord or Ligament groweth The use of the Tongues bridle which they call the Bridle of the Tongue and the Tongue hath a Ligament for two causes First for the firmament of its Basis for if it had been without this the Muscles in their action or their contraction to their principle had had nothing to rely upon and so it would have come to passe that the Tongue would be convolved as it were into a Globe secondly that the tip of it might be easily moved every way for unlesse that were there would be much of the voice lost in dearticulation and as Casserius notes it restraines the Tongue from being drawn backe beyond measure by the over-streining of the anterior Muscles to which it is a helper and it hinders the Tongue from being put forth too monstrously and indecently and from being too exorbitantly led to any one side But that it should alwaies need the Midwives naile or groat or the Chirurgeons Pen-knife lest it should prove an impediment to sucking or to future speech and without which enlargement it could not be freely roll'd or mov'd every way is a most dangerous conceit Certainly these Midwives as women are great friends to loquacity joine in opinion with these Authors who therein playing the Rhetoricians opine that Nature imposed this bridle upon man lest he should prove too talkative which morall use holds not for there are some as Kypler notes that are too talkative who have this Bridle short enough and there are some not so full of prattle although this bond be loose enough to give them scope for Loquacity or Taciturnity depends upon a higher principle and therefore their blind zeale in this businesse is the more reprovable Camerarius thinks that this never-enough condemned custome grounded hereupon might possibly be introduced into the Midwives practice A Caution for cutting from the suggestion of some Physitians who pretended this bond in all Infants doth so strictly tye the Tongue to its root insomuch as without resection of the same speech would become lame and imperfect and thereupon without any necessity the Midwives in many Nations began to dilacerate and breake it indifferently in all Infants But since neither Parrots nor Pies stand in need of any disruption of this Bond to utter their voice such as it is it would seeme a wonder if Sagacious Nature should faulter only in the forming of that part which was ordained to serve speech proper to Mankind Neither without reason did Galen even in this particular admire the providence of Nature that had in such exact Symetry ordered the Tongue that it was neither too short nor too long for the Offices it was to performe But let us distinguish and grant that it sometimes so fals out that even as in other parts of the Body so also in this little Bond Nature failes and offends as it were in excesse upon which occasion section is not unprofitable but it is to be esteemed necessary But that Nature the tender mother of all things doth alwaies in all Children commit this errour the best of the Learned constantly deny some of them witnessing as before that by omitting that Ruption or rather more truly Corruption according to their advice the Children have notwithstanding spoke very perfectly and on the contrary by the same foolish institution of Midwives others to have died inflamation being raised by the rude hand of unskilfull women which hath caused pain and hindred their sucking therefore when we suspect either a slownesse or depravation of the Tongue we ought to defer the dissection untill the appointed time of speech Chirurgions not Midwives worke for then this may more commodiously be done by a skilfull Chirurgion who may do it with Caution lest when he cut this little Cord he do not also cut the hard Nerves of motion to wit the seventh Conjugation placed in the lower part of the Tongue SCENE XV. Platter Faces where affected Face-moulders Face-takers Stigmatizers and Painters THe Chiribichensian women use to boulster the Necks of their
Hands and Fingers with a kind of counterfeit colour which is accounted a most decent custome among them But this Fashion was first brought in by those Arabians which were called Africans what time they began first of all to inhabit that Region for before then they never used any false or glosing colours The women of Barbary use not this fond kind of painting but contenting themselves only with their naturall hue they regard not such fained ornaments howbeit sometimes they will temper a certaine colour with Hens dung and Saffron wherewithall they paint a little round spot in the balls of their Cheekes about the breadth of a French Crown likewise between their Eye-brows they make a Triangle and paint upon their Chins a patch like unto an Olive leafe Some of them also do paint their Eyebrows and this Custome is very highly esteemed of by the Arabian Poets and Gentlemen of that Country Howbeit they will not use these Phantasticall ornaments above two or three daies together all which time they will not be seen to any of their friends except it be their Husbands and Children for these paintings seeme to be great allurements to lust whereby the said women thinke themselves more trim and beautifull Men painted The Author of the Treasury of Times Grimston of their manners In Fez the women use to deck and adorne the Bride by trimming her hair rubbing her Cheeks and painting them red and her hands and feet black with a certaine tincture which continueth but a while Grimston of the estate of the Turk in Africa They that live in the Province of Bugia in Africk have an ancient custome to paint a black Crosse upon their Jaw-bones Grimst of the estate of China Magin Geograph Lord Bacon Nat. Hist Cent. 8. Exper. 739. The women in China use painting and ointments And it is practized by the men for the Chineses as my Lord Bacon notes who are of an ill complexion being olivaster paint their Cheeks scarlet especially their King and Grandees Grimston of their manners Jo. Bohem. l. 2. de rit gent. The ancient Scythian women rubbed their naked bodies against some sharpe and rough stone having then powred water upon them and their flesh being swoln by this meanes they rubbed their bodies with the wood of Cypress Cedar and Incense they did also use certaine ointments for the Face made of the like Drugs by means whereof they smell sweet then having the day following taken away these Plaisters they seemed more beautifull and pleasing In Norembega all of them as well men as women paint their Faces Grimston of their manners Magin Geogra Americae Purch Pilgr 1. lib. 4. Lindscot li. 2. The naturall Inhabitants of Jucata paint their Faces and Bodies black The Native Socotorans paint their Faces with yellow and black spots loathsome to behold The Brasilean women paint their Faces with all kind of Colours which their Neighbours and other women do for them Face-stainers In the middle of their Cheekes they make a round circle drawing lines from it of divers colours untill their Faces be full not leaving so much undone as their Eye-lids The Virginian women adorne themselves with paintings some have their Face Breasts Hands Capt. Smiths Hist of Virginia and Legs cunningly embroidered with divers workes as Beasts Serpents artificially wrought into their flesh with black spots their Heads and Shoulders are painted red with the root Pocone brayed to powder mixed with oyle which Scarlet-like colour makes an exceeding handsome shew and is used by the Kings Concubines this they hold in Summer to preserve them from the heat and in Winter from the cold Many other formes of painting they use but he is the most Gallant that is the most monstrous to behold Their Children of whom they are easily delivered and yet love them dearely to make them hardy in the coldest mornings they make them wash in the Rivers and by painting and ointments so tann their skins that after a yeare or two no weather will hurt them when they enter into battell they paint and disguise themselves in the fiercest manner they can devise After their ordinary burials are ended the women having painted all their Faces with black coale and oile do sit 24 houres in their houses mourning and lamenting by turnes with such yelling and howling as may expresse their great passions the Faces of all their Priests are painted as ugly as they can devise Sometimes the men appeare halfe black and halfe red Face-grimers but all their Eyes painted white and some red stroakes like Mustachoes along their Cheeks Some of them paint their Eyes red having white stroakes over their black Faces so that they look more like devils than men Captaine Smith about Onawniament encountred with Ambushcadoes of such Savages so strangely painted grimed and disguised shouting yelling and crying as so many spirits from Hell could not have shewed more terrible Johan Bohem. de moribus gen lib. 3. Somewhat allyed to this barbarous way of Disguise is the Custome of the Germans who are said once a yeare to run mad covering their Faces with Vizards belying their Sex and Age some of them willing rather to represent Satyrs or Divels paint themselves with Vermilion or Inke deforming themselves with such nefarious habits others running naked play the Lupercalls from whom my Author thinks this annuall Custome of raving was first derived who naked and with their faces defiled in bloud wandring through the City were wont to strike every one they met with thongs of leather The Author of the Description of Nova Francia lib. 2. The Souriquois do paint their Faces all with black which maketh them seeme very hideous but this is their mourning Visage Ramutius narration of Nova Francia The women of New France about the Port of the holy Crosse for the death of their Husbands weare a certaine black weed all the daies of their life besmearing all their Faces with coale dust and grease mingled together almost halfe a quarter of an Intch thick and by that they are known to be Widdows Painting being Universall Face-daubers The Author of the Description of Nova Francia lib. â— and without exception among the West Indians for if any of them maketh Love he shall be painted with red or blue colour and his Mistris also If they be glad at any thing they will do the like generally which is their expression of jolly bravery But when they are sad or plot some Treason then they overcast all their Face with black and are hideously deformed In Persia the womens pale colour is made sanguine by adulterate complexion Herberts Travels and their round cheeks are fat and painted The common womens cheeks are of a delicate dye but Art not Nature causeth it The Grecian women for the most part Sandys Travels lib. 1. are brown of complexion but exceedingly well favoured they cover not their Faces the Virgins excepted unlesse it be
with painting using all the supplement of a sophisticated beauty And not without cause for when they grow old the most grow contemptible being put to the drudgery of the house and many times to wait on their Children The Spanish women when they are married Howel Epist Famil they have a priviledge to weare high Shooes and to paint which is generally practised there and the Queen useth it her selfe which brings on a great decay in the naturall Face For it is observed that women in England look as youthfull at fifty as some there at twenty five This saith Munster Munst Cosm lib. 2. is to be reproved in your Spanish women that they now and then deforme their face with washes of Vermilion Ceruse because they have lesse native colour than your French women and indeed other nations learnt from them the use of Spanish paper The Ladies of Italy not to speake of the Curtezans to seeme fairer than the rest take a pride to besmeare and paint themselves Artificial Faire Ones A Geographer speaking of Venice saith that it is thought no one City againe is able to compare with that City for the number of gorgeous Dames as for their beauty of face though they be faire indeed I would not willingly commend them because there is in a manner none old or young unpainted It is observed that the Roman Dames had infinite little boxes filled with loathsome trash of sundry kind of colours and compositions for the hiding of their deformities the very sight and smell whereof was able to turne a mans stomack Ovid. de medic fac Pixides invenies rerum mille colores Non semel hinc stomacho nausea facta meo And for the face used so much slibber-sauce such daubing and painting that a man could not well tell facies dicatur an ulcus May it a Face or a Botch be â—all'd Johan Bohem. de moribus gen lib. 3. The ancient English stained their Faces with Woad which is of a blew or sky colour that they might appeare more horrid to their enemies in fight Our English Ladies who seeme to have borrowed some of their Cosmeticall conceits from Barbarous Nations Spotted Faces affected are seldome known to be contented with a Face of Gods making for they are either adding detracting or altering continually having many Fucusses in readinesse for the same purpose Sometimes they think they have too much colour then they use Art to make them look pale and faire Now they have too little colour then Spanish paper Red Leather or other Cosmeticall Rubriques must be had Yet for all this it may be the skins of their Faces do not please them off they go with Mercury water and so they remaine like peeld Ewes untill their Faces have recovered a new Epidermis This is as odious and as senselesse an affectation as ever was used by any barbarous Nation in the World And I doubt our Ladies that use them are not well advised of the effect they worke for these spots in Faire Faces advantage not beauty as they suppose Black patches no advantage to Beauty because contraries compared and placed neare one another shew their lustre more plainely but because it gives envy satisfaction which takes pleasure in defects or by reason it takes away that astonishment which instead of delighting confounds not that Imperfection can make perfect or that the defect can encrease beauty and therewith delight for these spots in a beautifull Face adde not grace to a Visage nor encrease delight they entertaine it because they extinguish and then renew it Our naturall power is limited to a certaine measure when the continued presence of the delightfull object doth exceed the delight ceases and to the extreame of what it can contribute it delights no longer he that will renew his pleasure must begin with paine and go out of the naturall state to returne into it Let him looke upon the spots then returne to behold the beauty of the face And it may be some of the more subtill Heads whose heaving phansies fill their Faces full of such artificiall mole-hils are aware that men desire to find defect in those things that are pleasing to them and that he rejoyceth that he hath found it peradventure seeming unto him that he hath gotten command over her that hath it and that he may reap the delight of pardoning without feeling the dammage of being offended If Nature then as the politique Marquesse of Malvezzi thinks may be she doth sets us in the way to seek defects to bring us through the knowledge of those who have the defect to the knowing of him that hath none The best improvement of this folly is to make these Creatures serve for Instruments to bring us to seeke out the Creator not only by what is perfect in them but also by that which naturally wants perfection Painting in a man odio us or is charged with artificiall defects arising out of an evill affectation and not as if they were totally perfect who openly professe to study imperfections simply fawn upon and adore them as if we beleeved they were absolutely perfect And the like sober use may the discreeter sort of Ladies who are not guilty of this spotting vanity make use of when they behold the like prodigious affectation in the Faces of effeminate Gallants a bare-headed Sect of amorous Idolaters who of late have begun to vye patches and beauty-spots nay painting with the most tender and phantasticall Ladies and to returne by Art their queasie paine upon women to the great reproach of Nature and high dishonour and abasement of the glory of mans perfection Painting is bad both in a foule and faire woman but worst of all in a man for if it be the received opinion of some Physicians that the using of Complexion and such like slibber-slabbers is a weakenesse and infirmity in it selfe who can say whether such men as use them be sound or no it being a great dishonesty and an unseemely sight to see a man painted who perchance had a reasonable good naturall complexion of his own that when he hath by nature those colours proper to him he should besoot his face with the same paintings or make such slight reckoning of those faire pledges of Natures goodnesse and embrace such counterfeit stuffe to the ill example of others so that his face which he thinks doth so much commend him should be made of ointments greasie ingredients and slabber-sawces or done by certaine powders Oxe-galls Lees Latherings and other such sluttish and beastly confections For besides that they are effeminate actions fitting only wanton wenches and light huswives Painting an old Trade they give occasion to men to murmur against them and breed a suspition of basenesse in the vilest degree when they shall see them thus daubed over with Clay and wholly composed of those things that are only permitted unto women who because they have not sufficient beauty of themselves
of crude waters of dissolved Snow as most Authors suppose which although it be a reason not to be rejected Platerus yet Platerus to this Cause addes the Seed and the Facultie Formatrix in the wombe where they are familiar to any place and that they are rather propagated from the Parents in their Children then that they happen by reason of any meat or drinke or any other peculiar cause which Sennertus thinkes doth not seldome fall out so indeed yet the first cause seemes valid because it is observed that they that come well into any such places after they have abode there a while they contract such a water between the skin and rough Artery which is called by Physitians Bronchocele and Bocium à Bocii ventricosi poculi similitudine from the similitude of a great-bellied drinking Cup. Shoulders higher than the Head SCENE XVII Humerall or Shoulder-Affectations Lycost Append Chron. prodig IN the Island Taprobana High huff-Shoulders are in Fashion and Naturall Whether these Nations are guilty or not of using Art to this purpose I shall not conclude although I halfe suspect some concurrent affectations My apprehension of this businesse I have already exprest in the History of the Acephali which appeare to be the same Nation In all the parts of Tartaria the men are broad-shouldered which being Nationall is held there in good repute And if it were not at first affected and introduced among them by Art Broad shoulders where affected yet in other Countries where it is noted to be extremely affected there hath been some endeavour used to that intent and where that hath failed they have had recourse to outward supplements Concerning the Italians Cresol vacat Autumn Cresollius hath informed us of their ridiculous affectation in this kind Behold saith he what the improvident curiosity of men hath thought on who that they might seeme Plato's that is broad-shouldred full square and somewhat strong and mighty men they bumbast their Doublets and after a childish or rather womanish manner adhibent Analectides use little Bolsters or Pillows for to seeme more fat and comly bolstring so up their prominent shoulders as little women were wont to do of old as Ovid describes the Custome Conveniunt tenues scapulis Analectides altis Angustum circa fascia pectus erat Well could these men be Masters of their wish yet it is a question whether it would please their Mistrisses For the women of other Countries and among us are not so well affected to broad shoulders for it is worth the noting what women by long use have observed to wit that men that have broad shoulders for the most part get great Children Hence the Mother-in-Law of Forestus a fruitfull woman would not match her Daughters to Platonique men by reason she feared least in their Delivery they should be endangered by reason of the greatnesse of the Child which Forestus had often seene to happen the broad shoulders dangerously sticking in the Birth Narrow shoulders affected the cause whereof Riolanus thinks to be difficult whence you may see what worke they make for the women who endeavour by Art to purchase thick and broad shoulders Franciscus Hernandus in his Manuscript makes report of certaine Nations in India who are all buncht-backt crooked and crump-shouldered Arme-gallanry SCENE XVIII Strange Inventions of certain Nations in ordering their Armes Hands and Nailes The Inhabitants of the town Alimamu in Malhada Idem Pilgr 4. lib. 8. have their armes and thighs Oakred and dyed with red black white and yellow striped like unto panes Little Hands where affected so as they shew as if they were in Hose and Doublets In little Venice by the Gulph of Paria Lindscot l. 2. the women who are proud paint their Armes and Breasts The Aegyptian Moores both men and women Purch Pilgr ◠lib. 7. brand their Armes for love of each other Purch Pilgr 2. lib. 8. The Abassines colour their hands with the juyce of a Reddish Bark Herberts Travels The Persians paint their hands into a red or tawny colour which both cooles their Livers and makes them in War victorious The common women to shew they are servants to Dame Flora in her daies a good one they illustrate their Armes and Hands their Legs and Feet with Flowers and Birds Prosp Alpinus lib. de plant Egypt c. 13. The Egyptian women love golden Golls who of the leaves of Cyprus an orientall tree which the Egyptians call Elhannae or Tamarrendi make a Powder which they call Archenda This they use for ornament to colour their hands and feet tempering it with water which makes a golden Tincture Purch Pilgr 2. lib. 9. In Candou Island accounted to Asia it is the fashion to make the Nailes of their Hands red this is the beauty of their Country they make it with the juyce of a certaine tree and it endureth as long as their nailes The Turkes paint their long nailes red Sandys in his Travels saith the women paint their nailes with a yellowish red Mag. Geogr. Maginus saith they infect their Haire Hands and Feet especially their Nailes with a red colour Georg. Draudius Comment in Solin memorabilia Africae This Tincture of their Nailes it seemes is imposed after their Lent at the Celebration of their Pascha which in their Tongue they call Bairam when with great solemnity for three daies they dawbe the nailes of their hands and feet with a certaine oile Long Nailes a sign of Gentility called by them Chua which makes their nailes ruddy yellow This colour sticks tenatiously and can neither be washed or rubbed off wherefore unlesse their nailes grow out new from the root they alwaies appeare of that Rutilant colour but off their hands it may be scoured with frequent ablution the women imbue not only their nailes but their hands and feet with the same The Persians paint their nailes party-coloured Herberts Travels white and vermilion but why so my Author cannot say unlesse in imitation of King Cyrus who in augmentation of honour caused his Heroes to tincture their nailes and Faces with Vermilion sensibly to distinguish them from the Vulgar sort as did the ancient Brittaines in fight to shew more terrible In Calecut the women have the Nails of their fingers prominent Idem colour'd cut and jagged round Naile-Painters condemned These Nations who thus paint their Nailes offend against the vertue of ornamentall Decorum Decency or reverence in this unnaturall excess of care being not contented with the naturall beauty of the naile and by their foolish bravery they obscure the naturall light and splendor of their nailes which ariseth from that lucid and pellucid temperament of a more cleare substance which presents us in a glasse the splendour of the Lucent principle and inward clarity of the vitall spirits wherein the ample study of Chyromancy is conversant The Egyptians to advance this splendour were wont of old to
to fight with such instruments as were not given him by Nature for that purpose He glorieth to be Lion-like Nailes commonly serve men and beasts to cover the extremity of Veines Sinews and Arteries that the naturall animall and vitall spirits might not evaporate that way they also serve many beasts in particular for offensive and defensive armes If Nature doth not purge the humours by convenient waies it is either too weake or too much oppressed if a man vents his wrath with unbeseeming weapons either his rage swelling too high makes him mad or his weaknesse casts him down The shape of the mouth the scituation of it the weakenesse of Teeth are all evident signs that Nature did not place them there for his defence And who will imagine the nailes to be mans armes seeing that when he will fight he hides them and whereas other Creatures strike with an open paw he only fights with a closed fist But since they weare them for a beauty it may be they have some such like conceit as Aristophanes puts upon the Philosophers who kept their nailes unpared not for miserablenesse Monstrosities of Armes that they would not part with the paring of their nailes lest with the parings of their nailes they should lose and communicate some portion of Wisdome diffused throughout their Limbs So these conceited women seeme too loath to part with this dangerous piece of affected beauty lest perchance they should lose so firme and precious a particle of their delicate substance or want too opportune a weapon fitted by Art to wreake their impotent revenge upon any provocation of their Cat-like valour Many Monstrosities and depraved conformations have appeared in the Armes and Hands and many have been borne without Armes Neare Esselinga Nechari there was a Monster borne Lycost lib. prodig Anno 1528 to wit an Infant with one Head foure Eares foure Arms and as many Feet Idem lib. eodem Anno Domini 1389 there was an Infant borne having foure Armes and as many Legs who lived untill he was baptized Pataeus oper suor l. 24. c. 2. Jovianus Pontanus reports that Anno Domini 1529. the seventh day of January there was seen in Germany a Male Infant with foure Armes and as many Legs Idem eodem lib. cap. 4. On the same day that the Venetians and Genuensians entred into a League there was borne in Italy a Monster with foure Armes and foure Feet endowed but with one Head which being baptized lived sometimes after Jacobus Rueffius the Helvetian Chirurgion declares that he saw the like but who had over and above the Genitals both of the Male and Female Jul. obsequens Tit. Graccus and M. Juventius Consuls there were boys born with foure Hands and foure Feet P. Crassus and Q. Scaevola being Consuls Monstrous Nations with many armes there was a Boy borne with three hands Idem and as many feet M. Marcellus P. Sulpitius Consuls Idem there was a Boy borne with foure hands and as many Feet At Venafrum there was a Boy borne with three hands and as many Feet Jac. Rueff l. 5. de Concept ex Rom. Hist Some other Histories of fourefold Armes we passe by But these are hardly to be accounted Monsters who have such a Multiplication of Armes because there are many Nations who appeare with such a Brachiall Redundancy for Lycost in sua Historia the Portugals sailing in the mid way to Calecut where the Dog-star cannot be seene they found in a certaine Island men provided with two Armes and as many Hands on the right side with Asses Eares and a Mans Face who run like Harts And we find it recorded in the Acts of Alexander the Great Idem King of Macedon that in India there were men endowed with six Armes and as many Hands who all their life time incur no sicknesse which was believed to be another species of men C. Valerius M. Herennius Consuls Jul. obsequens a maid brought forth a Boy with one hand Salmuthus speakes of a Boy who altogether wanted his Left hand Salm. obser Cent. 1. obs 15. in place whereof he obtained the fore-foot of a Cat a miserable Spectacle P. Africanus and Laelius Consuls Idem at Amiternum there was a Boy borne with one hand and three feet In Tartaria there is found a Nation that have but one Arme and one Leg and Foot of whom you may heare more in the three and twentieth Scene Many also have appeared without Armes Men without Armes And even now while this Impression of mans Transformation was working off there was publiquely to be seene a young man borne at Hagbourne within foure miles of Abbington whose name is Iohn Simons born without Armes Hands Thighs or Knees who had no joint in his Knees but one continued bone from his Hip unto his Foot not in height above three quarters of an Ell from head to foot and yet from the wast upward as proportionable a body as any ordinary man wanting his Armes and from the waste downward not a full quarter of a yard in the Twist He is about twenty yeares of Age he writeth with his mouth he threads a Needle with his mouth he tyeth a knot upon thread or haire though it be never so small with his mouth he feedeth himselfe with spoon-meat he Shuffels Cuts and Dealeth a pack of Cards with his mouth An observing Divine a Traveller and friend of mine told me upon occasion of Discourse of this armelesse man that he saw in Cheapside London but few daies before a child that was borne without Armes and had two little hands which it could move standing out of its shoulders a poore woman had the child in her armes begging with it Idem Lycost l. prod ostent p. 141 ex Rom. Histor Com. ad lib. 3. Tech. Galeni Text. 177. T. Gracchus M. Iuventius Consuls at Privenum there was a Girle born without a hand In Picenum there was an Infant borne without hands and feet Haly Rodoham saith he had seen a man who was then alive who had neither hands nor feet Anno 1591 Feet used for Hands Incert Author February 8th there was a Female born at Strausburge who wanted all her fingers both of her hands and feet and lived to the ninth of Iuly following It is not omitted by Dion Dion how that among other presents sent from the Indians to Augustus there was a little youth without Armes who yet with his feet performed the exploits of hands for he could bend a Bow shoot an Arrow and moreover sound a Trumpet We have seen saith Alexander Benedictus Alex. Benedict a woman borne without Armes Sim. Majolus using her Feet for hands in spinning and sewing Simon Majolus reports to have seen such Creatures often in Italy The Learned may find a world of such Histories in Skenckius and Aldrovandus And the recompence of this errour as they call it of
among us with the same kind of aliment His manner is to put three or foure stones into a spoone and so putting them into his mouth together swallows them all down one after another then first spitting he drinks a glasse of beere after them he devours about halfe a pecke of these stones every day and when he chinks upon his stomack or shakes his body you may heare the stones rattle as if they were in a sack all which in twenty foure houres are resolved Glass-Devourers and once in three weekes he voids a great quantity of sand by seige after which digestion of them he hath a fresh appetite to these stones as we have to our victuals and by these with a cup of Beere and a pipe of Tobacco he hath his whole subsistence He hath attempted to eate meat and bread broath and milke and such kind of food upon which other Mortals commonly live but he could never brooke any neither would they stay with him to do him any good He is a black swarthish little fellow active and strong enough and hath been a Souldier in Ireland where he hath made good use of this property for having the advantage of this strange way of alimony he sold his allowance of provant at great rates for he told me that at Limbrick in Ireland he sold a sixpenny Loafe and two penny worth of Cheese for twelve shillings six pence It seemes the fellow when he came first over was suspected for an Impostor and was by command of the State shut up for a month with the allowance of two pots of Beere and halfe an ounce of Tobacco every day but was afterwards acquitted from all suspition and deceit Lust Schol. â—ent 2. curat 69 This stone-devouring Monster and helluo lapidum may be compared to him whom Lusitanus saw at Ferara who did eate hides potsheards or broken glasses and concoct and digest them in so much that all men called him the Ostrich a bird of a wonderfull nature to concoct things devoured without any difference But most resembles that Begger-boy whom Platerus speakes of Felix Plat. de obser prop. 155 living by a miserable and horrid gaine Stone-Eaterâ—â— who for foure farthings would suddenly swallow many stones which he every where met with by chance in any place though they were as big as a walnut so filling his belly that by the collision of them while they were prest the sound was openly heard yet neither he nor the stone-devouring Castillian which Abraham è Porta Leonis speaks of too Dialog de Auro are any way to be compared with him for his rare faculty of concoction Long Breasts affected SCENE XIX Pap-Fashions Purch Pilgr 2. lib. 7. THey of Malve in Ethiopia have loathsome lovely long Brests for the young women if they be twenty or twenty five yeares of Age they have their Breasts so long that they reach downe upon their Wastes and this they take for a goodly thing and they goe naked to shew them for a bravery The Egyptian women have such great Breasts it being almost incredible what Juvenal writes of them supposing it to be naturall unto them Quis tumidum guttur miratur in Alpibus aut quis In Meroem crasso majorem infante papillam Nempe quod hic illis natura non omnibus una Purch Pilgr 4. lib. 6. Helyn Geogr. Americae The People within the Main of South America called Camucujara have Paps that reach under their Waste and neere even down to their Knees and when they run or go faster than ordinary they bind them about their Waste Long Dugs affected The Azanegi magnifie very fat and grosse women especially those who have longer Dugs Munst Cosm lib. 6. cap. 50. and which hang pensile from the Breast and therefore the men there use the same violence as the Senegans do to their women Aloys Cadam to stretch them out to the measure of their Fancy insomuch as when they have once borne Children they grow longer and more ugly and filthy to behold The women of Mexico so love to have great Dugs Montaign Essay lib. 2. that they strive to have their Children suck over their shoulders In the Island Arnobon Du Pegr. Hist Ind. Orient the Nurses have so long Dugs that they cast them over their shoulders The Women of Guinea Purch Pilgr 2. lib. 7. when their Children cry to suck they cast one of their Dugs backward over their shoulders and so the Child sucketh as it hangs The Breasts the store houses of milke resemble a halfe Bowle they rise the breadth of two fingers high when maids begin to have their Courses and when they are full ripe and grown marriageable they swell so that they may be covered with the hand which Aristophanes cals 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the goodly apples of the Breast And lest the heavy Breast should flag down too low because a woman goes alwaies upright they are knit and tyed by their whole Basis or Bottom to the bonie part of the Chest. A fault therefore it is in the women of Ireland and others who never tye up their Breasts but they sin with a higher hand against the Law of Nature who forcibly endeavour to breake these bonds by drawing them out unto a monstrous and ugly greatness for by this Artifice the convenient figure and decent magnitude of the Breasts which should concur to their natural constitution as it was from whence their elegant beauty should arise and the Breasts become most apt for the generation of milke The inconveniences of great Breasts as having a moderate heat and excellent conformation Let them that will extoll great Breasts like udders because they generate a great deale of milke yet it is better to have a mediocrity then such a superfluity of milke which if retained is easily corrupted in the Breasts and hence great Dugs are more obnoxious to inflamations and Cancers and being besides loose and moist they cannot retaine that temperate heat nay not only by this perversion or destruction of the naturall and convenient forme and magnitude of the Breasts and decent figure is this organicall part rendred deformed and extended beyond its just extuberancy which is accounted beautifull but this goodly sagging Dugs a Pap-fashion which they so affect is to no end unless to make their children more saddle-nosed which is the usuall inconvenience that attends them who suck Nurses with over-great laxuriant Breasts and which it may be is the intention of this practice and by spreading over the whole region of the Breasts and swagging down sometimes lower there follows one inconvenience not yet reckoned for by their extravagant expatiation and bulky weight they prove no little hinderance to respiration Nature indeed sometimes is a little luxuriant and extuberant in the Breasts of some women a remarkable History whereof Salmuthus hath of a Patient of his Salâ— Medicin observ the wife of a
therefore for such who are become this way proclive to a Phtysique is to use such exercises as gently dilate and extend the Breast as shooting vociferation commotion of the Armes and attraction and compressing of much breath which yet must be done with caution and without violence Among such and other the like inconveniences occasioned by this unhappy custome it is very remarkable that the Rickets a disease frequent with us but scarce known where they use not to swath their Children is occasioned as I am perswaded and some good Physitians are of the same opinion only by this perverse custome of swathing it being an observation among some Ladies that I have discoursed with that no Children that are kept with a Belly-bands only and not swathed streight upward are troubled with the Rickets A notion worth the taking notice of by those who would not have their Children grow sick of the Fashions And although Doctor Glisson and the other Doctors his Assistants in that learned Tract which to their great honour they have lately published of this new disease commonly called the Rickets or more properly the Rackets where they speake of the causes of the Curvity of the bones The cause of the Rickets enquired into they do not wholly assent to their opinions who ascribe it to the flexibility of Bones inveighing against Nurses which prematurely commit Infants and Children to their feet thinking that their bones are bent by the weight of the sustained body nor to others likewise accusing the unskilfull way of swathing practised by Nurses yet they partly grant that in so tender an age the bones may perchance be somewhat bent yet they would not remaine bent as Lead or Wax but left to their liberty they would at length returne to the proper position of the parts for they do not consist of a Ductile matter in so much as they would be broken in the bending or would certainly endeavour to recover the former site of parts And as to the unskilfulnesse and carelesnesse of Nurses they do not wholly excuse them yet they thinke they cannot justly impute this Curvity unto them since they see that the Children of poore men are handled with lesse care and sooner committed to their feet than Gentlemens Children are and yet their children are more rarely infested with this infirmity than theirs and they have known Nurses who having used the uttermost diligence both in swathing and other waies of handling Infants that they have given suck unto yet they could not prevent or avoid this Curvity of the bones But where they come to speake of the Causes why in tract of time the Spine or Rack-bone cannot be raised up according to a straight and naturall line here verily say they we cannot at all excuse the negligence and carelesnesse of nurses that they do not attentively enough observe unto which part rather Infants whom they suckle are prone to encline their body to the end they may diligently and carefully endeavour to direct it to the opposite part Where they never swath Children Likewise also when Nurses prematurely and without regard commit weaker Infants to their feet it may fall out that since the Tonique motion of the Muscles is not sufficient for sustentation of the Body they may suffer the Knee or Leg of the Child to be bended into one side whereupon the Ligaments of the joint are extended either on the inner or outward side and by consequence the Ligaments of the adverse sides are contracted whereby the Ioint must necessarily be bended either outward or inward Therefore although they had above denied the Curvity of the Bones to depend upon this yet they grant that the distortion of Ioints in weake Infants may happen through such a carelesnesse of Nurses granting moreover that by their constant and foolish Fasciation the bones which otherwise were streight may be incurvated although they do not esteeme it to be the constant and ordinary cause of this organicall infirmity Plut. in the Life of Licurgus The Spartan Nurses used a certaine and better manner to bring up their Children without swadling or binding them up in cloaths and swathing-bands Grimston of their manners so as they made them nimbler of their Limbs better shaped and goodlier of body And this was the reason why many strangers sought to have Nurses from Sparta to nurse and bring up their Children Purch Pilgr 2. lib. 9. In Candou Island one of the Islands accounted to Asia they never swadle their Children but let them go free yet never any prove deformed So do the Irish and yet none of their Children prove crooked although the women be not slender So they do in the North of England Where they never swaddle Children where the Rickets hath not much prevailed As for the swadling of Children they that dwell in hot Countries and neare the Tropicks Ramutius Narrat of Nova Francia have no care of it but leave them free unbound but drawing towards the North the Mothers have an eeven smooth board like the Covering of a Drawer or Cupboard upon which they lay the Child wrapped in a beaver furre unlesse it be too hot and tyed thereupon with some swadling-band whom they carry on their Backs their Legs hanging downe then being returned into their Cabins they set them in this manner up straight against a stone or something else In Brasile the Children are never swadled Lindscot lib. 2. or lapped in Cloaths but only laid in a little Cotton Bed we would thinke that if our Children should not be wound or swadled that they would grow crooked whereof not any are foundamong them but rather go uprighter than any people in the World The Canarins and Corumbins of the Indies Grimston of their manners who live not far from Goa the women among them are delivered without a midwife and then they presently wash their Children and lay them upon Indian figleaves and so they go presently about their businesse as if they had not been newly delivered the Children are nursed naked and when they are filthy they use no other mystery than to wash them with water so as they grow strong and active and fit for any thing for they are not daintily bred The men of this sort live many times an hundred yeares in perfect health and never lose tooth What swathing our Clymate requires mocking at our delights with the which we wrong our lives and nature Spigelius Anâ—â—m The Venetians therefore have an excellent Custome to involve rather than swathe their Infants in a light swath-band desiring to have rather a broad than a narrow Breast a full than a slender Fond opinion indeed hath obtained this with us that Children unlesse they were diligently involved and constrained in swathing-bands they would have distorted Legs Which the Barbarians take least care of who put their Infants new borne naked and unswathed into their Hamacchos whose Children notwithstanding of all Mortals go most streight 'T
Lect. 62. Text. 19. Scaliger exercit 104. num 8. ad subtil Cardani and made them taste deeper of the Rasor even to the totall deprivation of the Genitals For although at first among the Turkes their Eunuches were only Castrati gelt yet since perceiving Eunuchos posse etiam non velle solum now they will not trust their Eunuches with any part of their virility no way confiding in simple Eunuches But the Eunuches in the Great Turks Seraglio who are in number about two hundred they are all of them not only gelt The time of making Eunuches but have their Yards also cleane cut off and are chosen of those Runegago youths which are presented from time to time to the Grand Signiour Graves descrip of the Grand Sign Court Few or none of them are gelt against their will For then as the Master Workmen in that businesse affirme they would be in great danger of death wherefore to get their consent they promise them faire and shew unto them the assurance they may have in time to become great men All which must be done when they are very young at their first comming into the Seraglio For it is a worke not to be wrought upon men of yeares which invention although it abate their courage yet they generally prove men of the greatest judgement and fidelity their minds being set on businesse rather than on pleasure This kind of Eunuchisme was of old a fashion in Persia and all parts of the Levant where it is a Custome to geld their Male Children when they are young that being Eunuches they may be capable of places of Trust and preferment in Princes Courts who indeed are often advanced by that meanes none being held so trusty as they especially to looke to their women who therefore thinke they have a good bargaine in exchanging the naturall Conduit of their Urine for a Quill which they weare in their hats in a way of jolly ostentation Mareus Paulus Thenetus and Garcias d' Orta a Portugall Physitian do deliver for a certainty that in Bengala a Kingdome most potent at this day seated on the Islands and mouth of the River Ganges in the East-Indies the Moores inhabiting that place Where they sell their Children to be made Eunuchs do travell into other forreigne Lands and the neighbouring Isles to buy young Children whose Parents being poore and covetous of money do sell their Sons else these villaines will rob and steale them thence and carry them quite away and not only cut off Virga but Parastrates also such as escape death after this cutting they educate them very delicately and afterwards sell them to the Persians and other Mahumatists who buy them at a very deare rate to wit three or foure hundred Ducats a piece to serve as men of their Chambers in a foule and unlawfull acquaintance and also to have the charge of their Wives The Turkes that dwell in Europe and Asia do use the very same Castration on such young boies as they can seize on in the Christian Countries and then make sale of them in manner aforenamed A practice seene and observed by the Lord Villamont in the City of Damas in Syria Ld Villamont Hist l. 3. c. 5. in the yeare 1589. where a beautifull Russian slave of a Bashaw whom his Master intended to geld in full manner before recited and then to present him to his Daughter as one fit to attend her in her Chamber which deliberation comming into the Slaves understanding he concluded to shun his Masters intent because it was a hazzard of life either in Child or man and therefore rather than thus to dye he resolved to kill the Bashaw his Master before he would endure so notorious an infamy and executed his determination When other courses could not help many have been so bold as to Castrate themselves in the Leprosie Castration high Treason against Nature and have been better for you shall not easily find any Castrati or women troubled with that disease Some more confident Physitians have put to their hand and those who have escaped the danger have proved cured some in Mania or melancholly madnesse have attempted the same not without successe although they have remained somewhat melancholly like Gib'd Cats some for the prevention of the dangerous consequence of Hernia Intestinalis have undergone the same experiment And verily a dispensation may be granted in case of these inexorable and otherwise incurable diseases But upon any other pretence whatsoever to adulterate the coine and image of Nature by so grosse an allay as makes them not current for men or willingly to degenerate into the Nature of women suffering themselves to be transformed from the Masculine to the Feminine apparence a false Coppy is to offer as great an Injury to Nature as the malice of mans refractory wit can be guilty of And it is so manifestly against the Law of Nature to tamper with the witnesses of mans virility that our Laws have made it Felony to geld any man against his will There is an ancient Fable that the fish called Remora did stop the ship of Perianders Embassadors whom he had sent to geld all the Males that were left of the bloud Royall as if Nature her selfe held it an unworthy Act that man should be despoiled of these parts that were given him for the preservation of the whole kind And although this Castration of the Testicles being not done in an apparent part causeth of it selfe no deformity yet because when both the Testicles are cut out Castration of women other mischiefes follow especially if this be done while they are in the yeares of puberty which betray them to be Eunuches as an effeminate voice and the want of a beard by this means it bringeth a deformity upon them And although man may live without them yet after a manner they ought to be accounted as principall members Galen lib. de Semine for it appeares that Galen preferred the Testicles to the Heart for saith he the Heart indeed is the Author of life but the Testicles conduce to well-being for they communicate a certaine aire to the whole Body by whose mediation virility is reconciled the body acquires strength and firmenesse is made more lively at length the principall members do more perfectly execute their office which parts being cut away besides that men are deprived of the Generative power they want all these conveniencies the venerian moode is extinguished Love grows cold the Veines fall the colour and heat grow dead and withered they are made beardlesse and altogether effeminate therefore the Testicles are of that efficacy that they corroborate and affect the other bowels with a common benefit The extravagant invention of man hath run out so far as the Castration of women Coelius Rhod. li. 4. antiq lect in cap. 10. lib. 20. cap. 14. Athen. Dipn. lib. 12. Xanthus lib. 2. Lydiorum Alciat in lib. Spadonum Andramistes the King
of Lydia as the report goes was the first that made women Eunuches whom he used instead of Male Eunuches after whose examples the women of Egypt were sometimes spaded Giges is accused of the same trespasse against Nature by Hesychius and Suidas The end might be the same in spading women as men both being made thereby impotent and so consequently apt to envy others The Danger of spading women and lesse subject to be corrupted with their passions Julius Alex. lib. 22. cap. 14. Salubr in annot ad Gal. pag. 122. Reiner Reineceius Tom. 3. Hist de Lydorum orig imper p. 82. Athen. Voscius lib. 17. de orig progressu Idolat fol. 1081 And it seemes Iulius Alexandrinus could never find that this was a received Custome in any Nation yet he had read in divers Authors of many Castrated to abate their untamed Lust But that end which the first inventors of this shamefull deed propounded to themselves was as is supposed to prolong their youth and that they might perpetually use and enjoy them in a flourishing condition of body It is an Anatomicall Question An mulier Castrati possit and it appeares de facto to have been done but concerning the manner of operation there ariseth a greater difficulty Whether they castrated women by drawing out their wombe or by avulsion of their Testicles Both waies it is certaine that women will be brought into great danger of life for although Sows may be spaded yet with the like security it cannot be administred in women by reason of the seat wherein they are placed and the society they have with other parts For he must necessarily cut both the Flankes who would Castrate a woman Cardan Dialog Tâ—tim inscript a worke full of desperate hazzard yet it may be done with little or no danger if it be attempted with an Artfull hand And a Friend of mine told me he knew a maid in Northampton-shire that was thus spaded by a Sow-gelder and escaping the danger grew thereupon very fat A Gentleman who undertooke since in some company to tell me this Story againe said that he was present at the Assizes of Northampton when this Sow-gelder was arraigned for this Fact I doubt there is some mistake in the Scene A maid spaded a new way for by another Information of a Justice than was there it was in Lincolne-shire and the Fact done upon Lincolne Heath and that was not his first Fact so that his first attempt might be upon the Northampton maid this last maids name was Margaret Brigstock but the Judges were much confounded how to give Sentence upon an Act against which they had no Law for although the Castration of men was Fellony by the Law yet there was nothing enacted against spading of women and well might they be ignorant of such a Case when Platerus the great Physitian professeth he remembreth not that ever he read or heard of such an attempt This Clearke for that was his name was hanged for this last Fact but not by a Law but for robbing her of two penniworth of Apples which she had in her Apron But it is more dangerous to pluck out the Wombe although this succeeded well to a certaine Sow-gelder who suspecting his Daughter guilty of Adultery violently extracting the Wombe spaded her after the manner of Cattle that afterwards she might be unfit for bearing of Children Vuierus lib. 4. de praestig Demon cap. 2. as Vuierus witnesseth And we read that this Iohannes ab Essen Sow-gelder-Generall to the Clivensian Duke was deservedly punished by the Prince with a pecuniary mulct for that villanous deed But Riolanus supposeth that as they button up the Naturals of Mares which they would not have horsed to wit with Iron rings trajected in order Dalechamp in not is ad lib. 12. Athenaei Deipnosoph wherewith their Naturals are shut up so women of old were spaded for so Dalechampius interprets the ancient Castration of women Circumcision where first practised after which manner as he heares the jealous Italians secure their Wives from the admittance of any Rivall Circumcision a strange and smart invention of man is a very ancient device practised to the diminution of the naturall comelinesse of this part Joh. Bohem. de rit gent. lib. 1. The Egyptians as the Greeks are perswaded were the first that circumcised their virilities confessing they were Circumcised for cleannesse because it was better to be cleane than comely or beautifull Coelius Rhod. Caelius saith they were wont to Circumcise their New-borne Infants conceiving it not a little to conduce to the commodities of life thinking that the filth and corruption of their bodies was thereby taken away Grimston of their manners And it is thought that perchance the Egyptian Priests and other Flamines of the naturall Law used Circumcision as a certaine signe of Piety as Orus Apollo insinuates saying that a Cynocephalus was a note of Sacrifice because he was borne Circumcised others thinke they used it as a note of religious cleannesse and that the Egyptian Priests who were bound to shave all their body every three daies to the end they might not carry any filthinesse into the Temple and Sacrifice so they did cut the Fore-skin to be more neat and that it was more seemly to be without filthinesse than in any other sort whatsoever Veslingus in Synt. Anatom Veslingus thinks they were necessitated to do this to a naturall end for the prepuce in the Egyptian and Arabian little Children grows out often so beyond measure 〈◊〉 Christians and by much encreasing is so attenuated that they are constrained no lesse for feare of a Phimosis than by the prescript of Religion to cut off part thereof so over-carefull sometimes is Nature in providing for a decent covering of this shamefull part That the Egyptians used Circumcision appeareth by Philo Judaeus They mocke saith he at our Circumcision which was in great honour with other Nations especially the Egyptians Philo Judaeus and there was some cause why it was a Custome with them unlesse we would condemne the easinesse of a Noble and most ancient Nation since it is not likely that they would rashly Circumcise so many Millions and ordaine the torment of Mutilation of the dearest pledges in their body At this day the Copties Sands Travels lib. 2. called commonly and corruptly Coftes who are the true Egyptians the name signifieth privation in regard as some will have it of their Circumcision notwithstanding they are Christians they are Circumcised whereof they now begin to be ashamed saying that in the Country they are thereunto compelled by the Moores in Cities where secure from violence they use it not doing it rather in that it is an ancient Custome of their Nation mentioned by Herodotus than out of Religion The Colchians Ethiopians Trogloditians Syrians and Phaenicians were of the same Cut. Grimston of their manners The Iucatans used Circumcision but not all in generall
are not very well agreed about the Naturall use thereof Vnlesse I be deceived saith Galen the Prepuce was only for beauty yet in another place he adds for an operiment because there is no great necessity of it which appeares out of experience for your Jews were as the Mahohometans are fruitfull although they be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Apella Ulmus thinks the skin of the Prepuce a great beauty as may be seene by the deformity of the Ape and they who say it was ordained for ornament do it not without good reason because upon the more dishonest part God and Nature or rather the God of Nature hath put the more honour that is the more covering Saint Ambrose therefore cannot be understood in a litterall sense where he saith that the Fore-skin was cut off that those which were the more ignoble members should put on and be surrounded with more comlinesse and honesty 'T is true one may be borne Circumcised by Nature and they write that Sem was so borne of which assertion there is no ground this naturall Circumcision is very rare but when the Prepuce is drawn back by Nature that it cannot cover the Glans or Nut The inconveniences of Circumcision this affection is called Capistratio This Fore-skin in the end of it sometimes is so contracted and drawn together that it cannot be drawn back or the Nut discovered without the help of a Chyrurgion Yet neither of these misprisions of Nature in this Organicall part are to be endeavoured by Art in a foolish imitation since Art was rather intended for the reformation of such unnaturall accidents Againe this Cutis Epiphisis as Galen cals it in Latine preputium or the Fore-skin à putando was devised that the Glans or Nut of the Yard or virile member might be kept smooth soft and glib it being a covering which ariseth from the skin of the Yard is brought forward and againe reflected and returned But when the Nut is uncovered that it might recover its cover againe this Prepuce is tyed in the lower part with a membranous band or tye which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vinculum caninum the Latines frenum in English the Bridle Archangelus cals it a Ligament This is that which bridleth or reineth up the Fore-skin on the lower side to the top of the Nut by that naturall signature exhibiting a cautionary prevention and the dislike of Nature of any of this kind of uncomely baldnesse So that these recited conveniences of Nature and others also are meerely lost by this Artifice and that cleannesse of any which they acquire by Circumcision is but a supposed benefit not worth so shamefull and odious an endeavour Pars insuper praeputii prominentior propendens in coitu nunc sursum nunc deorsum fertur ut hoc attritu magis incalescat cum mulierum voluptate tentigine cujus contentationis fruitione per hanc injuriosam inventionem defraudantur The injury of Circumcision For the shortnesse of the Prepuce is reckoned among the organicall diseases of the Yard whether it be originall or assititious by an Artificiall procision of it And although neither of these kinds of brevity doth incommodate the action of the Yard which is extention and eâ—aculation of the seed or prejudice fruitfulnesse Tamen Circumcisio aliquid à voluptate sexus alterius detrahit titilationem diminiendo hinc Illa in Epigrammate invisa fuit haec inventio magis rationabile putans addidisse huic organo quam substraxisse Hence also it is thought there commonly passeth opinions of invitement that the Jewish women desire copulation with the Christians rather than their own Nation and affect Christian Carnality before Circumcised Venery D. Brown Pseudoxia Epidem as the ingenious Examiner of Popular errours well notes And yet it is noted that the Turkes Persians and most Orientall Nations use Opium to extimulate them to Venery and they are thought to speake probably who affirme their intent and effect of eating Opium is not so much to invigorate themselves in Coition as to prolong the act and spin out the motions of Carnality which Venerian Prolongers were intended to lengthen the titillations of Lust luxurious Leachers thinking Nature too sudden in her motions And therefore Mahomet well knowing this their beastly and inordinate affection promiseth them that the felicity of their Paradise should consist in a Jubile of Conjunction that is a coition of one Act prolonged unto fifty yeares For any Naturall end therefore except in case of an Epidemicall disease or Gangrene to Circumcise The end of Judaicall Circumcision that is to cut off the top of the uppermost skin of the secret parts is directly against the honesty of Nature and an injurious unsufferable trick put upon her As for Circumcision commanded by God it was for a morall reason and had an expresse command otherwise Dr Whateley as a Grave Divine expresseth it in the case of Abraham as a naturall man it would have seemed the most foolish thing in the world a matter of great reproach which would make him as it made his Posterity after him to seeme ridiculous to all the world it carried an apparence of much indecency and shamefulnesse to cause all his servants to discover themselves unto him Much more might have been alleadged against this Ordinance What good could it do What was any man the better because he had wounded himselfe and put his body to torture And indeed as Lactantius Eucherius Irenaeus and all the Greeke and Latin Fathers say unlesse this mutilation of the flesh in the Iews did signifie the Circum-of the heart or had some figurative meaning in it as the taking away of Originall sin it would have been a most unreasonable thing For if God would have had only the Fore-skin cut off he had from the beginning made man without a Prepuce No little danger of life also they incurred in this case for the Iudaicall Circumcision was performed with a sharpe cutting stone and not with any knife of iron steeled a thing which was most dolorous and whereby the young tender Infants sometimes got a Feaver whereof they after dyed Howbeit they had enough to do with other occasions as the cutting and fall of the Navel whereby Hyppocrates giveth assurance that Children do incur divers dangers Thevet and many others who have voyaged into the Countries where this Circumcision is used Circumcision of women do say that they have seen store of young people dye grown to indifferent stature and young Children of eight daies old only by being Circumcised which may manifestly be proved by Sacred Histories The Sons of Jacob after they had fraudulently Circumcised all the Males of the City of Sichem scituate in the Land of Canaan they tooke them the third day after their Circumcision and made them passe the Edge of the Sword for they well knew that they were so sore and tormented with paine as they could not
daies saile from the Scythian shores called Hippopodes Centaures and Onocentaures although other Writers say they have the Legs of an Asse and called Onosceli from their asinine Legs Hence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a kind of Divels so called a cruribus asininis as Rhodiginus saith In the Regions of Tamberlaine in times past called the Great there were Centaures found of such a forme that their upper part resembled man with two armes like a Toad and the other parts a horse Among Authors also we read of Onocentaures representing the fore-part of a man and the hinder part of an asse for the Septuagint Interpreters upon Isaiah render that the Onocentaures shall inhabit forsaken Babylon although the Vulgar Interpreters interpret Vlulas In some places of the Region of Peru Hist of Peru part 1. there be certaine great Apes inhabiting with whom the Inhabitants by the suggestion of the Devils are mingled whence there ariseth Monsters with the head and privities of men but with the hands and feet of Apes the rest of their bodies all hairy which speake not but with howling after a manner emulate Devils Of some such kind of extraction that Indian Satyr seemes to have been described by Tulpius Ex Tulpii obser that was brought from Angola in his time and bestowed upon Henry Frederick Prince of Orange And this Satyr was foure-footed but of the humane kind as may be seen by his Effigies He was called by the Indians Orang-Outang or a wild man The description of a wild man Resembling a child of three yeares old in length as also one of six yeares in thicknesse He was neither of a grosse nor slender body but well set yet very neat and nimble but he had joints so straight and muscles so large that he both durst and could do any thing He was smooth before on both sides and behind hairy with black haires His visage resembled a man but his Nostrils being flat and crooked upward was like a wrinkled and toothlesse old woman His eares were like other mens and also his breast having on both sides a swelling Pap for it was of the Female Sex he had a very large Navell and his upper and lower joints were so exactly alike with mens that you shall hardly see one egge more like to another His elbow was excellently joyned neither was the order of his fingers nor thumbs different from the humane forme nor the Calfe of his leg nor his heele unlike which neat and comly carriage of his members was the reason that oftentimes he would go upright and also he would with more ease take up any heavy burden than carry it When he would drinke he would take the Cup by the handle with one hand and put his other underneath it then he would wipe his lips as neatly as we see our gallant Courtiers do Which same dexterity he would observe when he went to bed As bowing his head upon the pillow and handsomly covering his body with the bed-cloaths and would hide himselfe just as if some Gentleman had laine there Morever King Sambasensis upon a time told a Kinsman of our Author Samuel Blomart Satyrs and their supposed originall that these Satyrs especially the Males in the Island of Bornaeum are of such courage and strength that they have done violence to armed men much more unto an impotent Sex of women and children whereof they being extremely in love withall have stolne away and ravisht For they are earnestly prone unto venery which is common to them with the Satyrs of other ancient writers Yea sometimes so saucy and leacherous that the Indian women do therfore shun those Launes and Forrests worse than a Dog or Serpent wherein these lascivious Creatures do lurke and inhabit All which things are for a very truth related of this Satyr Which makes me remember the conceit of a certaine Historian who describing the deformed aspects of a Nation If you beheld saith he their ugly visages you would thinke that they had no other Sires than the Apes and Baboons of the neighbouring Woods Vnlesse the frequent beholding of these unlucky things should by impregnating the imagination of teeming women produce such a similitude as it happened to a Noble man whom Salmuthus speakes of Salmuthus observ med cent 2. who kept an Ape which for sport-sake went round about the Table his wife being great with child playing very often with it afterwards at her delivery she brought forth an Infant from the girdle upwards an Ape to wit as far as he could be seen dancing above the Table but below a man a miserable spectacle and the more miserable that this horrid monster was to be suckled This Relation of Tulpius shews this Creature to have been a kind of Ginney Drill for it answers very directly the Effigies of that Ginney Drill which this Michaelmas Terme Ginney Drils of what Tribe 1652. I saw neare Charing Crosse the haire of whose head which was black grew very like the haire of a child it was a compleat Female too not above eleven months old and yet it seemed to me to answer the Dimensions which Tulpius gives of his Angola Satyr The Keeper of it affirmes it will grow up to the stature of five foot which is the ordinary size of little men He would go upright and drinke after the same manner Her Keeper intended never to cut her haire but to let it grow in full length like a womans in case she should dye her carkasse was bespoke for Dissection by some Anatomists who perchance have a Curiosity to search out what capacity of Organs this Rational Bruit had for the reception of a reasonable soule or at least of such a delitescent reason which Drill is since dead and I beleeve dissected but of the Dissectors and their observations I have not received any intelligence Of which monster I may say what Jordanus saies of the aforesaid Orang Outang or Tulpius his wild man that it proceeded from the wicked copulation of man and beast the Devill Cooperating and Divine revenge without all doubt ensuing thereupon of the same Tribe and Originall were those two children which the Portugall woman bore to the Great Ape Castanneda in Annal. Lusitaniae when she was exposed into a desert Island inhabited only by such Apes a story well known in Portugall and is worth the reading in Delrio And indeed they very much resemble them in the Face especially in the Nose which is very flat and Camoyse with repanded Nostrils an Ape being called Simia Which kind of Ape is most like man not from imitation as some unskilfull Grammarians suppose but a simitate from this simity of a saddle-like Nose and it is the opinion of Scaliger that these kind of Apes who have no Tailes approach neerer to the similitude of man than those that have Tailes although they be almost men both in manners and understanding which he confesseth he had often wondred at In Ginney
case declaring that Anno 1549. he saw a Child covered over with a Beares skin Moreover Columbus confesseth Columbus that he saw a certaine Spaniard beset with long haires in all parts of his body except his hands and Face Julius Caesar Scaliger Scaliger remembers a certaine little Spaniard covered with white haires which he reports to have been brought out of India or to have been borne of Indian Parents in Spaine Also Henry the second Boscius King of France at Paris caused a young man who was no lesse hairy than a Dog to be instructed and bred up a Scholler And of late in the Pallace of the Duke of Parma there were hairy men kept Nations that wind their bones like Sinews who were brought from other parts to wit as I conceive Platerus in D format obser lib. 3. from France for Platerus who denieth that there beany hairy Nations yet alloweth that there are many of both Sexes more hairy than others confesseth that he saw at Brasil Anno 1583. being then to be transported into Italy the Children of this hairy man begotten of a smooth woman to wit a boy of nine yeares and a girle of seven yeares old who together with their mother had been sent into Flanders to the Duke of Parma Purch Pilgr 1. lib. 1. Jo. Bohem. de rit gent. lib. 3. Geor. Draud com in Solin Magin in Geog. Indiae orient Maffaeus hist ind lib. 1. In the Island of Iamuli the Inhabitants who exceed us foure Cubits in stature and the holes of whose eares are much wider than ours winde their bones this way and that way as they please like sinewes so do the Nairoes also Maginus and Maffaeus both say that after their seventh yeare they are prepared to an incredible agility and dexterity by often annointing their whole body with the oyle Sesamum whereby their nerves and bones are so suppled and relaxed that they can easily winde and turne their bodie and at pleasure bow it to what part they please afterwards they accustome themselves with all care and diligence in corporall exercises and learne nimbly to handle their Armes The Author of the descript of Nova Francia lib. 2. cap. 10. And the Author of the description of Nova Francia saies that these Nobles and Warriours of the Malabars the Nairoes to make themselves such they help Nature and their sinewes are stretched out even from seven yeares of Age which afterwards are anointed and rubbed with the oile of Sesamum which makes them handle so well their bodies at will that they seeme to have no bones Art used to make maids fat Schenckius thinkes without doubt they have nervous bones Schenck obser de cap. 355. Yet they who should see our Funambuli and Tumblers who have been brought up from their youth to their feats of activity would think as much of them whom we have seen to twist and winde their bodies very strangely as if they had no bones The Mangones Hier. Merc. de decoratione 14. Galen Method cap. 16. that they might make their bodies more fat for sale were wont to whip their buttocks and loines with rods and so by degrees make them more fleshy which is noted by Galen as no contemptible stratagem to attract the nourishment to the outward parts And there be nations out of the Tropicks who by exercise and Art come to such agility as the Nairo's have The Gordians Bruson Facet Exempl l. 7. when they appoint one to be their Chiefe they chuse one of the most corpulent amongst them for corpulency with them contrary to the opinion of Epaminondas the Theban is held a corporall vertue whereas he could not endure a corpulent Souldier saying that three or foure shields would not suffice to cover his belly who had not a long time seene the witnesses of his own Virility The Goths would not elect any man to be their King except he were tall grosse and very corpulent On the contrary the Sarazens would have no King to command over them except he were little leane and low of stature Opinions although opposite yet well considered neither side may be void of reason The Author of the Treasury of Times vol. 1. lib. 3. cap. 17. Jo. Bohem. de morib gent. li. 3. Reasons pro and con you may find in the Treasury of Times which are too long here to insert The ancient Gaules through their assiduous labour and exercise were all leane and spare bodied and their bellies very little set out for they did so abhor a paunch that young men whose bellies exceeded the measure of their Girdles were publikely punished Marcus Aurelius was wont to say that hogs and horses fatnesse did well become them Monstrous fat men but that it was more commendable in men to be leane and slender for that your grosse men are commonly grosse witted besides they have a filthy wallowing gate they are unfit to fight either for themselves or their friends they are a kind of unweildy lump an unprofitable masse of flesh and bone being not able to use any manly exercise whereas we see it is quite otherwise in those that are leane and not laden with fat Among the Lacedemonians fat folkes were not only in disgrace but they did punish them by most severe Laws made against them For Lycurgus appointed a small Diet to the Lacedemonians on purpose that their bodies by that streight diet might grow up more in height for the vitall spirits not being occupied to concoct and digest much meat nor yet kept down nor spread abroad by the quantity or over-burden thereof do enlarge themselves into length and shoot up for their lightsomenesse and for this cause they thought the body did grow in height and length having nothing to let or hinder the rising of the same It seemeth saith Plutarch that the selfe same cause made them fairer also For Over-fed bodies encounter Nature Plut. in the Life of Lycurgus the bodies that are leane and slender do better and more easily yield to Nature which bringeth a better proportion and a forme to every member and contrariwise it seemeth these grosse corpulent and over-fed bodies do encounter Nature and be not so nimble and pliant to her by reason of their heavy substance As we see it by experience the children which women bring before their time and be somewhat cast before they should have been borne be smaller and fairer also and more pure commonly than other that go their time because the matter whereof the body is formed being more supple and pliant is the easier weilded by Nature which giveth them their shape and forme the naturall cause of which effect he gives place to them dispute it who will without farther deciding the same And indeed as Levinus Lemnius observes it is confirmed by daily experience that children who do much Gormandize grow up lesse comely neither shoot up to a just and decent longitude for the Native heat
is suffocated and over-whelmed with too much moisture that it cannot shape the body to a comely taleness of stature wheras they who are fed moderately and use a sparer diet feed only at certain set times become not very grosse neither increase in flesh or grow fat but their bones thereupon increase in length So we see young men children in long continued sicknesses to grow lean and slender yet their bodies to shoot out in length and to increase in stature which Lemnius should thinke happens by reason of drinesse for the bones since they are dry Men growing Giants by a disease they are nourished with an aliment familiar agreeable unto them seeing that in sick men the humours and aliment received through heat and the drinesse of the body become dry the bones are extended in length and by reason of the somewhat dry nourishment they gaine some advantage in stature especially when man is in such an age wherein his body as soft and ductile Potters clay may be formed and produced in length Remarkable examples of this truth are to be found for they have been seen whom a Quartan-Ague hath raised into a Giant-like bulk and stature Spigelius hath a story of one Anthony of Antwerp who lived in his time who being borne a little and weake Infant of a sudden through a disease became a great Giant Such with the Greeks are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in whom there lies hid the Seminary of a disease which cals forth a prodigious augmentation with an untimely death Salamine the son of Euthemen in three yeares grew up to the height of three cubits as Pliny reports In like manner a son of Cornelius Tacitus the Noble Historian died young Every man hath a certaine and determinate time set to his growth wherein by degrees and tacite augmentations he attaineth either to a legitimate or Dwarfish stature and that power of encreasing whereby the body happens to be enlarged in longitude is seldome produced beyond the five and twentieth yeare but for the greatest part is terminated within one and twenty yeares but to grow fat and corpulent happens not to be done in certaine spaces of time but by reason of nutriment when it is plentifully taken in which may be either in the achma or declination of our age for although one be cram'd The cause of all stature his body is not erected in length but is dilated in bulke and breadth for the faculty whereby the body is nourished is one and that whereby it groweth up is another for truly that is conversant about the plenty of aliment this about the solid parts of the body to wit the Bones Nerves Cartilages c. Which if they increase and are stretched out in length the Creature also attaines unto an increment although it be wasted with leanenesse and consumed away Therefore Nature in producing the bones whence the heighth of man proceeds useth the force of heat whereby she not a little drieth the humours and accommodates the aliment for the nourishment of the Bones Therefore it is the Amplifying force or Faculty which formeth out in length the bones of Febricitants as wax by vertue and heat of the seminall excrement which in the vigour of age is very valid and efficacious for the performance thereof For truly if young men and boyes are accustomed to milke from their very Cradles and given to exercise they will have taller bodies and prove of a more decent and comely stature because by the drinking and use of milk the bones are nourished which is a kin to seed and an elaborate and exactly concocted bloud Moderate feeding and at set times with a discreet allowance of competent food without pinching Salmuthus cent 3. obs 70. may be the cause whence talnesse of body may arise Salmuthus in his observations speakes of a certaine mother rather to be called a Step-dame who chid her daughter who was a married wife for giving her Children too much meat Means to accelerate growth or stature that distended their stomacks and guts whence in processe of age they would grow more greedy and not easie to be satisfied Upon which occasion he cals to remembrance a contention which arose in his presence between some of the court-Court-women and a Physician whether Children of Princes about the sixth or seventh yeare of their age were to be allowed their Bevers or afternoons Nuncians which he denied they on the contrary were very earnest and importunate with him arguing that the native heat should not be permitted to lye idle at length after much disputation one and the chiefest among them objected to the Physician the abject stature of his body whereas if he had been brought up by his mother with a fuller Diet he had grown up into a just talnesse of Stature But let us heare what the Oracle of Humane Learning saith to this purpose Lord Bacons nat hist cent 5. To accelerate growth or stature it must proceed either from the plenty of the nourishment or from the quickning and exciting of the naturall heat for the first excesse of nourishment is hurtfull for it maketh the child corpulent and growing in breadth rather than height And you may make an experiment from plants which if they spread much are seldome tall As for the nature of nourishment first it may not be too dry And therefore Children in Dary Countries do wax more tall than where they feed more upon bread and flesh There is also a received Tale that boyling of daisie roots in milke which it is certaine are great driers will make dogs little But so much is true that an over-drie nourishment in Children putteth back stature Secondly Meanes of increase of stature the nourishment must be of an opening nature for that attenuateth the juyce and furthereth the motion of the spirits upwards neither is it without cause that Xenophon in the nourture of the Persian Children doth so much commend their feeding upon Cardamomum which he saith made them grow better and be of a more active habit Cardamomum in Latine is Nasturtium and with us water-cresses which it is certaine is an herbe that whilest it is young is friendly to life As for the quickning of naturall heat it must be done chiefly by exercise And therfore no doubt much going to schoole where they fit so much hindreth the growth of Children whereas Country people that go not to Schoole are commonly of better stature And againe men must beware how they give Children any thing that is cold in operation for even long sucking doth hinder both wit and stature this hath been tried that a whelpe that hath been fed with Nitre in milk hath become very little but extreame lively for the spirit of Nitre is cold And although it be an excellent medicine in strength of yeares for prolongation of life yet it is in children and young creatures an enemy to growth and all for the same reason for heat is requisite
common Errours is not fully satisfied yet concludes not an impossibility and Cardan will allow Pigmies to be perfect men Dwarfes made by Art because their forme and shape is perfect For as God and Nature or rather God by Nature his instrument and handmaid hath fashioned the body of man into those proportions so hath he limited the dimentions as likewise those of all others both Vegetive Sensitive and Insensible Creatures with certaine bounds Quos ultra citraque nequit consistere rectum So that though the Dimensions of mens bodies be very different in regard of severall Climates and Races and that it is not defined in what Dimensions the soule may exercise her faculty Yet was there never any Race of men found to the bignesse of Mountaines or Whales or the littlenesse of Flies or Ants because in that quantity the Members cannot usefully and commodiously either dispose of themselves or exercise those functions which they were by their Maker assigned It is to this purpose a good and proper axiome Datur maximum minimum in utroque genere there is in every kind some such greatnesse as cannot be exceeded and some such littlenesse as cannot be contracted Cardan de subtil lib. 11. Cardan writes that one may make Dwarfes even as we make little Dogs for women to play with for they will be engendred of a little Father and Mother then let them be girt in with swathe-bands very straightly and bred up with a spare Diet and would to God saith he this invention were as profitable as facile Some have entertained a setled opinion that there was never any Gyant which is a conceit very absurd for although many of the Ancients did suppose that no man could by growth exceed the longitude of seven feet Giants because this was the Altitude of Hercules his stature as they affirme and Gellius alleadgeth Varro's opinion that the utmost point of mans growth in the course of Nature is seven foot Joh Gassanion his Treatise of Giants cap. 6. And Gassanion saith there is no man rightly featured who exceeds six of his own feet Yet there was one Gabbarus Polyhist c. 32. brought out of Arabia who as Pliny reports grew to the height of nine feet and so many inches this is confirmed by Solinus who writes that the Syrbotae of Aethiopia grew to the height of twelve feet and in another place that there was certaine people of India so great that they easily ascended Elephants Onosicrit c. 5. Onosicritus reports that in certaine places of India where there are no shadows there are men of five Cubits and two Palmes high Olaus Mag. lib. 5. cap. 2. Olaus Magnus placeth such men also in the Northerne parts and especially in the Kingdome of Helsingori which is under the command of the King of Swethland he makes mension of a Giant that was nine Cubits high Isidore confesseth that there are men to be found of twelve foot high Isidorus Etymolog l 11. c. 3. Isid lib. de rerum naturâ— but in another Tract he delivers a strange report of an admirable procerity in these words In the Westerne parts saith he there was found a maid whom the raging waves of the sea had cast up from the Ocean unknown and wounded in the head and dead who was fifty Cubits long and between the shoulders foure Cubits broad cloathed in a purple garment which thing seemes incredible Vincent hist Nat. l. 31. c. 125. Korn ex Odoric yet some Historians of credit subscribe unto it Odoricus reports that he saw with the Great Cham a Giant of twenty foot high In former Ages to wit She-Giants Zonarat in Iustino under Iustin the Thracian a certaine woman of Cilicia appeared Giant-like both in tallnesse of body as also in proportion of the other members for she exceeded the height of the tallest men a Cubit with breasts and shoulders above the usuall manner broad all the rest as the Voice and Face and firmenesse and magnitude of her Armes and Cubits and the thicknesse of her fingers and other parts answering to her Longitude and Latitude Saint Austin hath left upon record the memoriall of a Giant-like woman St Aug. de Civitat dei c. 23. which to the great admiration of all men was seen at Rome before the City was sacked by the Goths The Author of the Book entitled De natura rerum makes mention of a remarkable stature found in the Westerne Regions such tall Viragoes were the Bradamantes Marfisa and our long Meg of Westminster but of many of these we may say they are rather mountaines of flesh than men The Question is why such men of such vast bodies and strength are not found in our daies many reasons are alleadged for it but the most rationall is the luxury and lasciviousnesse of the times which hardly suffers Nature to get any thing perfect not that there is any decay in Nature but it may well be that in these parts of the world where Luxury hath crept in with Civility there may be some diminution of strength and stature in regard of our Ancestours And here I cannot but take occasion to condole the injury done to Nature in the generative procacity to Rathe marriage used in England and elsewhere which is the cause why men be now of lesse stature than they have been before time The cause of small stature Arist polit lib. 7. cap. 16. for we observe not the rule of Aristotle in his Politiques who would have men so marry that both the man and the woman might leave procreation at one time the one to get Children the other to bring forth which would easily come to passe if the man were about eight and thirty yeares of age when he married and the woman about eighteen for the ability of getting Children in the most part of men ceaseth at seventy yeares and the possibility of conception in women commonly ceaseth about fifty so the man and the woman should have like time for generation and conception But this wholsome rule is not followed but rather the liberty of the Civill Law put in practice that the woman at twelve yeares of age and the man at fourteen are marriageable Which thing is the cause that men and women in these daies are both weake of body and small of stature yea in respect of those that lived but forty yeares ago in this Land much more then in comparison of the ancient Inhabitants of Brittaine who for their talenesse of stature were called Giants so dwarfed are we in our stature and fall short of them that that of the Poet is verified on us Terra malos homines nunc educit atque pusillos Which thing is also noted by Aristotle in the same place Est adolescentium conjunctio improba ad filiorum procreationem In cunctis enim animalibus juveniles partus imperfecti sunt Et feminae crebrius quam mares parva corporis forma gignuntur
lib. de Gigantibus Ambrosius l. 1. de Noë Arca. cap. 4. Clem. Alex. Sulp. Severus Isidor Gyrald Francisc Mirandul Gen. 6. v. 2 3. and approved Historians for some of the Fathers seeme to think that the Giants which preceded the Deluge were borne of the Congresse of Angels with Women they seeme to favour that opinion that the Angels sinned with women taking that of Genesis in this sense Then the Sons of God saw that the Daughters of men were very faire and they tooke them wives of all that they liked and there were Giants in the earth in those daies yea and after that the Sons of God came unto the Daughters of men and they had borne them Children these were mighty men which in old time were men of renowne And however some take the Sons of God here spoken of to be the degenerated sons of Seth Yet Kornmannus thinks that he is more in the right to thinke that these were Angels and spirituall substances who being allured by the beauty of the Daughters of men lay with them Jo. Lauren. Ananias in lib. de Nat. daemonum l. 2. from whence Giants were procreated When then the sons of God fell foule upon the Daughters of men the flames of lust alwaies encreasing that almost all or very few excepted deviated from the right path the feare of God quite exploded from the Earth and set at nought at length by the nefarious arts of Devils Giants were every where produced with a vast and incondit bulke of body little becomming the humane Nature these Giants puffed up with pride and arrogance assumed to themselves the names of the sons of God contemned others in respect of themselves whom they call'd the sons of men at length they drew upon themselves and the the whole world divine vengeance that they all perished in the Deluge except Noah The supposed originall of Heroes The Heathen likewise for the most part derive their Heroes and mighty men from the like originall Nay there are yet many Nations which count it an honour to derive their Pedigree from Divels Kornman de mirac vivorum Jo. Nyder in Form car lib. 5. cap. 10. Joan. de Barros who had the company of women in the shape of men The Pegusians and Sianitae people of India derived their originall from women impregnated by Devils The Neffesoglions among the Turkes are thought to be borne of such Inculi or Succubi The history of the Occidentall Kingdomes do evidently declare that the Nation of the Hunns were generated from Incubi and fame reports that the Island of Cyprus was wholly depopulated and inhabited by the sons of Incubi Bonfinius Bonfinius deduceth the originall of the Huns from such Incubi spirits for he saith that Filimerus the King of the Goths expelled all the whores out of his Army and drove them into solitary places lest they should enervate the mind and bodies of his Souldiers to these afterwards the Incubant Spirits resorted and by their Congresse with them the most cruell Nation of the Huns were descended whose manners not only but their Tongues and speech was so fierce and barbarous Mart. Delrio disq mag Jordanus de eo quod divinum supernaturale est in morbis Kornman de vivor mirac Bauhinus lib. Hermaphrodit that it degenerated from all humanity Histories of such Congresses with Incubusses and Succubusses you may find in Kornmannus Bauhinus and others and of their nefarious Issue Among others Apollonius Tyanaeus and Merlin who were supposed of this extraction participated most of the subtilty of their Ancestors but the better to shew that Devils according to Delrio may produce many strange monsters Whether Devils may have to do with women The strangenesse of another History cals for admittance in this place It is reported that in Brasile from the copulation of a barbarous woman with an Incubus there was an horrid monster procreated which grew to the height of sixteen Palmes Kornman de mirac vivor his back covered with the skin of a Lizzard with swolne Breasts Lions Armes staring and rigid Eyes and sparkling like fire with the other members very deformed and of an ugly aspect And the birth of such monstrous mixtures must needs be monstrous Tostatus truly observeth Tostatus in 6. Gen. Quaest 6. Talibus conceptibus robustissimi homines procerissimi nasci solent of such conceptions are wont to be borne the strongest and talest of men Vallesius de sacra Philosoph cap. 8. And Vallesius having given the reason hereof at large which for feare of offending chaste Eares I list not to produce At last concludes Robusti homines ergo grandes ut nascerentur poterant ita Demones procurare Yet enquiries have been made among the Learned first whether Devils may have to do with women Secondly whether examples of this Congression can be produced Thirdly whether they may conceive by the Devill and a Child be borne Fourthly How they are impregnated and of the seed of the Devils Fifthly whether examples be granted of progeny of a demoniacall Succubus Sixthly whether men may also engender with demoniacall Succubusses and Children be borne of them Learned and subtile discourses of these subjects the Curious may find in Bauhinus And verily Bauhin lib. 1 de Hermaphr although these things are incredible yet they are true that evill spirits endowed with bodies That Devils may exercise venerious acts with women exercise venerious acts with women and also generate St Augustine seems to be fully perswaded of the truth hereof D. Aug. de civitat dei l. 15. cap. 23. Et l 1. Quaest super Gen. 43. it is commonly reported saith he and many affirme that either themselves have found it by experience or heard it from those of whose credit there was no doubt to be made who had themselves experienced it that Satyrs and Fairies whom they call Incubi have been often lewd with women lusting after them and satisfying their lusts with them and that certaine Devils whom the Gaules call Drusii daily doe attempt and performe the same filthinesse See Aquin. pars 1 9 11. Art 3. ad Sext. Et Zanch. de oper dei lib. 4. cap. 60 In Thes Francisc Georg. Tom. 6. Prob. 32. c. 33. such and so many affirme as to deny this were a point of impudence Many of the Ancients were also of this opinion as Josephus Tertullian Lactantius Eusebius Thomas Scotus and others How they become the Artificers of such an effect or their manner of operation the inquisitive may find in Kornmannus and Vallesius Kornman de mirac vivor Vallesius de sacra Philosophia for my part I conceive were these Queries justly held in the Affirmative mans inventions whereby he hath endeavoured as much as in him lies to Diabolize himselfe might have been spared for as Paraeus out of Wierus speakes If the faculty of generation had been allowed to Devils the world had been long since
And although these are but superficiall faults yet they are of evill presages and we are warned that the maine summers of our houses faile and shrinke when we see the Quarters bend or walls to breake Plato in his Lawes thinkes there is no worse plague or more pernicious in his City than to suffer youth to have the reines of Liberty in their own hand to change in their attires from one forme unto another and removing the judgement now to this now to that place following new fangled devices and regarding their Inventours Aristippus indeed being of a contrary complexion to Plato thought that no Garment could corrupt a chaste mind But all Civill Nations have justly thought this spreading mischiefe when it grew high worth the restraining the prodigious and ridiculous vanity of these times if ever calling for sumptuary Laws to represse the Apish Fantasticalnesse of apparell in the luxurious use whereof men seeme neither to understand the times themselves nor others The Mode being now held the only thing of consequence our Gallants fixe their judgements upon for they note the Garbe and Demeanour of men they view his Boots and his Hat and according as it complies or failes in conformity to theirs so they marke and pronounce what manner of man he is as if man consisted meerely of an out-side This very phantasticality being a reproach even unto Christianity Sir Jo. Mand. Travels c. 45. The Souldan of Cairo told Sir John Mandevill upon a day in his Chamber asking him how Christians governed themselves in our country and he answering right well thankes be to God He said secretly nay for among other things he objected he said they were so proud that they wist not how to cloath them now short now long now streight now wide and of all fashions whereas they should be humble and meeke The simplicity of the Bragmannian women condemnes the luxury of ours who are not adorned to please neither know by encreasing their beauty to affect more than they have got their members are cloathed with modesty without the precious vanity of apparell To conclude touching these indifferent things as cloaths and garments whosoever will reduce them to their true end must fit them to the service and commodity of the body whence dependeth their originall grace and comlinesse which can no way better be done then by cutting them according to the naturall shape and proportion of the body as we may probably imagine the skin-garments were wherewith the Lord God who best knew their shape first cloathed the nakednesse of our first Parents What use is there of any then Arming sleeves which answer the proportion of the arme Or to what end are our breeches as wide at the knee as the whole circumference of the waste Or why so long do they make men Duck-leg'd Or why so strained outwith an intollerable weight and waste of Points and Phansies To what end do Boots and Boot-hose Tops appeare in that circumference between our Legs that we are faine to use a wheeling stride and to go as it were in orbe to the no little hindrance of progressive motion which the stradling French basely imitates to the disguises of the foule disease It is a wonderfull testimony of the imbecillity of our judgements that when we have hit of a convenient fashion we cannot keep to it but we must commend and allow of Fashions for the rarenesse or novelty though neither goodnesse nor profit be joyned to them FINIS A Table of the chiefe matters contained in these Scenes Locally disposed according to an Alphabet of the parts of the Body A Armes BLack markes or lists upon the Armes esteemed a great Gallantry 286 Armes oakered and dyed with red blacke white black and yellow Striped like unto panes ibid. Proud women where they paint their Armes 287 Armes branded for love of each other ibid. Many borne without Arms 300 Many borne with 4 Armes ibid. 301 304 Nations with 2 Armes on their right side 301 Many endowed with 6 Armes ibid. A Nation that hath but one Arme 301 302 A child born without Arms 302 A relation of one seen lately in London who was borne without Armes and Hands ibid. B Beard BEard-haters 193 202 203 204. What art they use to eradicate and destroy their Beards ibid. Beard-lesse Nations 204 205 Nations with very thin Beards 204 205. Men with Beards like Cats ibid. The plantation of Haire about the mouth and the dignitie of the Beard maintained and all the Cavils against it answered 193 194 195 206 Where they shave the upper lip only 195 The honour of the Mustacho's or haire on the upper lip vindicated against those who offer this indignity despight to Nature 195 196 197 Uses of Mustacho's 197 Nations that shave the chin and other barball parts and nourish the Mustacho's ibid. or 198 That custome condemned not only as an act of indecency but of injustice and ingratitude against God and Nature ibid. c. 199 200 Cutting off Beards where a punishment 200 201 Where the men weare halfe their Beards shaven the other halfe long ibid. The use of the Beard and the ends to which it naturally serves 206 207 The Beard the sign of a man 208 Lovers of a Beard 209. Nations that affect very long Beards 210 Formall Beards affected 211 Where Batchelours dare not weare a Beard 211 212 Beard diers ibid. The vanity of dyed Beards 213 214 Bearded women 215 216 B Breasts Breasts loathsome lovely-long reaching downe to the wast where esteemed for a goodly thing 310 311 Where they have them under their Waste and unto their knees 310 What force they use to draw out their Breasts to this length 311 Where they cast their Dugs over their shoulders and so the childe sucketh as it hangs ibid. That this is a device contrary to the intention of Nature The inconvenienâ—es attending these goodly sagging Breasts or Pap-fashions ibid. or 313 The proportion of the Breasts in women 312 Natures provision against the flagging of the Breasts so low ibid That they sin against Nature who never tie them up or forcibly draw them out ibid Great Breasts no way commendable 314 A remarkable History of one that had great breasts 313 Very little Breasts affected 316 Cosmeticks allowed contrived by Art to restraine the extuberancy of overgrown Breasts and to reduce them to their naturall proportion ibid. That it is a crime in women not to afford their Breasts to their owne Children 317 Histories of many men having great Breasts bearing out like unto women and that give suck unto their own Children ibid. Male Nurses 318 The businesse of men's having milke in their Breasts and giving suck enquired after and stated 318 319 320 How men come to have milke in their Breasts 320 Whether the Breasts of men were to have any milke in them 320 Whether the Breasts of Men generate milke according unto Natures ibid. The reputation of Nature in this businesse vindicated 321 Right hand Amazons who
inconveniences attend this affectation practised upon supposition of conferring beauty on children 8 Short-heads and Flat-heads by what Nations affected ibid. The Art whereby they attaine unto that figure of the Head ibid. The inconveniences that many times ensue this affected fashion of the Head with the reasons and examples thereof 9 Round-heads by what Nations affected of old and at this day 10 The art by which they acquire and nourish this figure of the head in their Children ibid. 11 12 The dammage they sustaine by thus forcing their heads to a sphericall forme or thorough roundnesse 11 12 A round head why commended by Albertus Magnus 12 Broad Heads by what Nations affected ibid. 13 What art they use to cause this affected deformity ibid. ibid. A very long thin ovall Head where affected ibid. By what art they attaine to this deformity ibid. Square Heads where in fashion 14 What Art is used to bring their childrens Heads to this fashion ibid. The violation of this Artifice not practised nor this fashion of the Head known in the time of Gallen ibid. That Gallen reckoning up the foure non-naturall figures of the Head and amongst the rest this though that this could not possibly be found ibid. Vesalius his authorities and experience opposing Gallen in this matter 15 Hofmans opinion concerning this being accounted among the non-naturall or invaletudinary figures of 〈◊〉 Head ibid. The dammage that these Gallants suffer in their intellectualls by this affectation ibid. 16 An example of a child borne with a kind of angular head by the physicall Corrector reduced to the naturall shape 16 17 Cynocephali or Nations affecting the forme or figure of a Dogs-head holding it a singular beauty in them 17 18 245 That they have this resemblance not naturally but artificially and how they bring their new-borne Children to this fashionable deformity 20 246 A kind of Physiognomy to discerne all Nations by the figure of their Heads 6 The regular beauty and honesty of Nature vindicated from these depravations of Art 34 35 The naturall figure of the head stated 36 It s legitimate magnitude 35 The foure equall reciprocall lines required that the parts of the head should agree among themselves ibid. 36 What inequality of these lines in their just and naturall constitution make a Head long short broad accuminate or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 36 That all figures of the Head are not equally naturall as Columbus supposeth 38 That that figure of the Head is naturall which is for the most part which also is commodious to the actions of Nature such being that which constitutes the naturall figure ibid. What naturall benefits they enjoy who have this figure with a decent magnitude ibid. Why this laterally compressed spheare should be the most proper and naturall figure of the head and the finall causes thereof enquired 39 40 41 The Nurses in those nations commended who have been tender in this point of offering violence to nature leaving her free to her own course not using any thing to hinder the naturall growth of the Head 41 A private example of the benefit received by a renunciation of all artificiall contrivance formerly practised on the Head upon imaginary conceits of beauty and generosity 42 A strange History of an artificiall Hydrocephalos 30 31 Horned Nations 28 29 By what art some of them come to have hornes on their Heads 30 Children born with hornes on their Head and men and women cornuted by a disease 28. 29 Ricipites or men with two Heads 31 32 33 The birth of such monsters ever held prodigious 34 The reason of such strange productions ibid. Acephali or headlesse Nations 20 21 22 23 The doubt of their originall resolved and that they are of Adams progeny 24 25 The finall cause of those prodigious apparitions 25 Why such monsters concurre not to the perfection of the universe ibid. A reason given of this monstrous alienation from the humane forme 26 Infants born without Heads ibid. That reason may perswade us that it is not impossible that the instruments of Nature may perform their office although the head be not advanced above the shoulders 26 27 The artifice which is supposed they use to reduce their Heads below their shoulders 27 That the donation of Nature in the use of the Necke is lost by this artifice 27 28 Nations who use art to alter the substance and temper of their Heads 42 Block Heads and Logger Heads where in request ibid. By what severall artifices they purchase this property of a hard head 43 That by the concurrent temper of the Climate and this artifice their sutures doe grow together and are obliterated their skuls growing solid ibid. Soft-heads where a tearme of reproach 42 That it is inconvenient to keep the Head to warm 44 Where the women have the suture Coronalis loose and how they defend it from the injury of the aire The mistake of Celsus affirming these hard-Headed Gallants heads to become hereby more firme and safe from pain moderately expounded by Fallopius 44 45 46 That although they gain a defence against outward injuries more then the ordinary provision of Nature doth afford yet that they thereby become more obnoxions to internall to wit diseases arising from the retention of fuliginous vapours 44 That their thick skuls may render them more indocile and oblivious ib. The justice and wisdome of Nature about Sutures suffering in the opinion of Celsus experimentally vindicated by Columbus 45 46 Haire NAtions esteeming the Hair upon the Head a very great reproach therefore affecting baldnesse 47 48 Where women shave their Heads and not men and are accounted fairest when their heads are shaven 48 49 The Haire maintained an ornament of the Head against those who would have it an abject excrement which Nature never intended for an ornament 49 50 The Haire no excrement and why ibid. The naturall uses of the haire set out 50 51 That they who cut them wholly away doe not onely bring a deformity upon Nature but afford an occasion of defluxions 50 All the waies of decalvation practised by the ancients to the prejudice of Nature condemned 51 Cosmetiques commended as laudable which preserve Haire for the use and intention of Nature ibid. That shaving the Head is a disgrace put upon Nature ibid. That an indeleable character of infamy cleaves to his name who first suffered the Haire of his Head to be shaved ibid. That his wit was misimployed who tooke upon him to commend baldnesse ibid. Nations who shave the foreparts of their Head 53 54 Nations that shave the hinder part of their Head onely ibid. Long dangling Earelocks worne before where a renewed fashion and a pestilent custome 54 Nations who weare their haire long on the right side of their Head and shave the left side ibid. That these men deprive themselves in a manner of halfe the benefit intended them by Nature 55 The vindication of Nature from this affront 57 58 Where the women use to
Nailes 192 193 Long unpared nailes condemned as against the intention of Nature 296 The end of the growth of the nailes not to repaire their decay by wearing 298 Nailes never intended as weapons of offensive scratching in man or woman 298 299 That the care of conforming extravagant Nailes to the Law of Nature appertaines to reason and the practique intellect 264 295 296 297 Long Nailes thought by some to be a sin 297 The use of the Nailes 298 Where the women cut their nailes and jag them round 289 The dignity and majesty of Nature in the encrease of nailes defended 294 Where it is the fashion and beauty of the Country to make the nailes of their hands red yellow and party coloured and where they gild them 288 289 How they do it ibid. Their offence against Nature noted and the naturall beauty of the Naile vindicated 290 Necks MEn with Necks of a Cubit long 275 Nations with their Necks so long that they resemble the neck of a Crane ibid. 276 Long gangâ—ell Necks inconvenient ibid. Philoxenes his wish for a long Neck exploded ibid. Nations that have no Neck 277 That it is not impossible for a man to live without a Neck 278 An Infant borne without a neck 277 Where men and women have gutturall bottles hanging down at their throat even to their navels 278 The cause of that swelling in their throats 279 Nose VVHere the women cut and pare their Noses between their Eyes that they may seeme more flat and saddle Nosed 112 This trespasse against beauty and the majesty of Nature exploded 113 What benefits and reall beauties those people deprive themselves of by this affected deformity 114 Where they use to cut off their Nostrils from their Noses 115 Nations that have no Nose nor nostrils 116 The ornament and naturall beauty of the Nose maintained 116 117 The utility of the Nose and the beauty of office or officiall elegancy thereof declared 118 The reasons why the Nose was placed in the middle of the Face between the Eyes 114 Men whose Noses are slit like broken winded Horses 119 An Infant born with such Nostrils ibid. Where they are held for the finest women who have little Noses 120 What art they use to prohibit the increase of the Noses of their female children ibid. Where when they would make the portaicture of a deformed man they paint him with a long Nose ibid. That this fashion abates somewhat of their sagacity 120 Long Noses where affected 120 121 What art the Midwives there use to make the Nose more faire and longer ibid. The naturall proportion and symetry of the Nose 121 Their trespasse against Nature noted who upon pretence of beauty enlarge or prohibite the naturall extendure of the Nose ibid. Thick and great Noses where in request 121 122 Caused by an affectation of art ibid. The inconveniences and prejudice to Nature that may follow hereupon 122 123 Where the Inhabitants have all Camoyse or saddle Noses 123 124 125 That all Children are a little Camoise Nosed and why 133 That nature not alwaies needs the officious hands of Midwives in this case as if shee were not able to perfect her own work 134 Where the Midwives are too forward to help Nature in this case 133 Their pragmaticall artifice herein taxed ibid. The inconveniences of saddle Noses 127 An Ape-like Nose condemned 182 Flat plaine and broad Noses where esteemed a great Ornament and the principall part of beauty to consist therein 123 By what artifice their Childrens Noses are brought to this forme ibid. Whether a flat Nose can conferre any beauty to the face 129 A shooing horne-like-Nose where not affected 133 The reasons of the prominency of the Nose asserted 126 What inconveniences would have ensued upon a Nose bread in the spine or back 126 That these Nose Levellers may incurre some inconveniences and prejudice Nature not onely in those actions wherein it is profitable for the bettering of life but in those wherein it is necessary to life it selfe ibid. Whether these Nose-Levellers obtaine their end of advancing the beauty of their Faces 129 130 That a flat Ape-like Nose can never become a mans face 128 Wherein the beauty of the Nose consists 130 The naturall perfection of the Nose in men and women 131 What figure of the Nose agrees with such a face ibid. Where a high aquiline or hawks Nose was and is in request as a note of honour and magnanimity 134 135 That it was an honourable office to looke to the conforming of the Princes Nose to make it as beautifull as might be and crooked like a hawks bill ibid. Mercurialis his conjecture what artifice and instruments they used to conforme the Nose to their desire ibid. A Hawkes-Nose where gentililitious and native ibid. 136 That when there is an ill conformation of the Nostrils it belongs to the corrective part of medicine to reform it 135 A high prominent Nose where affected 1â—6 Nations who in a bravery and as an ensigne of nobility and greatnesse bore holes in their Noses wearing Nose-Jewels therein 137 13â— That foolish fashion of Nose Jewels exploded 139 140 Where they have markes on their Noses made for a bravery 138 How they make them ibid. That their invention was much put to it who first bored the Nose to introduce a fashion 139 That such an invention is to the prejudice of natures Nasall operations 140 Where they stick pins on their Noses 138 Wherein the beauty of the Nose consists 139 P Privy-parts VVHere they were in their yards betwixt the skin and the flesh Bels of Gold silver or brasse as big as nuts 347 â—48 A description of these yard bals 349 How and when they put them in 347 348 Why they were invented 348 This invention where it might be usefull against Sodomy 350 Absurd projects of women to gaine regard 351 Where it was a custome to fasten a Ring or Buckle on the foreskin of their Yard and for what ends 352 The art of infibulation or butning up the Prepuce with a brasse or silver button and whence it came 353 Where they weare rings in their Yards ibid. Where they trusse up their Genitals within their body ibid. Their ends of this Custome 354 Semi-Eunuchs or men with one stone one being alwaies taken from them by their Nurses 354 Men with three stones ibid. Whether the testicles be required to the forming of the voice 355 Who was the first that caused young male children to be made Eunuches 354 The reasons and ends of introducing Eunuchisme ibid. and 356 How many waies there are of this uÌ„natural dilapidatioÌ„ of the body 359 The time of mâ—king Eunuches 360 That the name Eunuch is but a cloake wherewith they cover the injury done to nature 357 The first rise of the reputation of such Semi-virs or halfe men ibid. The story of Gombalus ibid. Where they sell their children to be made Eunuches 359 Religious Eunuchs 358 The reason of their castration ibid.