Selected quad for the lemma: woman_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
woman_n	brother_n	husband_n	sister_n	3,161	5	10.4398	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A70735	Africa being an accurate description of the regions of Ægypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid, the land of Negroes, Guinee, Æthiopia and the Abyssines : with all the adjacent islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantick, Southern or Oriental Sea, belonging thereunto : with the several denominations fo their coasts, harbors, creeks, rivers, lakes, cities, towns, castles, and villages, their customs, modes and manners, languages, religions and inexhaustible treasure : with their governments and policy, variety of trade and barter : and also of their wonderful plants, beasts, birds and serpents : collected and translated from most authentick authors and augmented with later observations : illustrated with notes and adorn'd with peculiar maps and proper sculptures / by John Ogilby, Esq. ...	Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.	1670 (1670)	Wing O163; Wing D241; ESTC R22824	857,918	802

the Sea-Coast comes the Lordship of Bani wherein is seated a pretty large Town by Name Kuleba the Residence of a Deputy-Lieutenant who Commands over eight or ten adjacent Townships All the Blacks inhabiting the Easterly-shore of the greater Calabare Those of Calabare are Cannibals towards the North are Cannibals for they eat up whatever Enemies they kill but their Prisoners they sell for Slaves The Number One they call Barre Two Ma Three Terre Four Ni Five Sonny c. The Women here have a peculiar way of Circumcision with Pismires as before related in Arder and therefore we shall not repeat it In Moko they have Coin'd Money made of Iron in form of a Roach the Rundle as big as the Palm of a Hand with a Handle about an Inch long The Whites give here in Barter for Slaves Trade great Copper Armlets long-fashion'd and with a round Bowe very neatly made else the Blacks who are very curious therein will not buy them also red and smooth Copper Bars the smoother the better every Piece of a Pound and a quarter weight and about an Ell long for fourteen of those they purchase a good Slave The Blacks fashion these Bars longer and thinner which they divide into three parts and then bray'd or twist them together like a Rope made of three Strings which they fashion into great and small Armlets and Collers or Neck-bands for the Armlets term'd Boctu brought thither by the Whites they use onely in stead of Money The Blacks in this River use great Canoos Canoos wherein twenty Row on each side can carry sixty or eighty Men and are cut out of the entire Body of a Tree by burning and cutting it hollow and some near sixty nay seventy Foot long sharp before and behind but wide in the middle having Planks laid cross from side to side and fastned which lie a hand-breadth over on which Planks and on the edges of them such as manage the Boat sit which they drive forward not with Rowing but with Padling On each side hang two great Shields How they are Arm'd with some Bowes and Wooden Assagays or Launces to defend themselves against the Assaults of their Enemies Every Canoo hath also a Hearth near which the chiefest of the Boat have their Sleeping-places When they stay out a Nights with their Canoos How they make Tents over their Canoos they make a Tent over them with Mats hang'd upon Polls set up in holes of the sitting-Planks under this covert they lay small flat Sticks bound together with Rushes whereupon they lie down to rest and sleep but the Slaves lie dispers'd about the bottom of the Boat The Slaves brought by the Blacks to sell at the River Calabare From whence the Slaves come which the Netherlanders buy come most from the East and are the same which they take Prisoners alive in the Wars for those that are kill'd they eat as we said before Eastward of Great Calabare about two miles from its East Point The River Loitomba glides the River Loitomba otherwise Rio Sante Domingo whose East corner a petty Town shews it self large and full of Merchants who Travel into the Countrey to buy Slaves which they sell again to the Whites After Loitomba follows Old Calabare by some stil'd Old Kalhorgh The River of old Calabare passing through a Plain but Woody Countrey from the East Point of Rio Reael to this the Coast spreads East South East sixteen miles Next you come to Rio del Key a very great and wide River Rio del Key with three Fathom Water and a Muddy Ground neither troubled with Sandy Shoales nor Rocks At the Northerly Shore thereof lieth a Township over which some years since one Samson had the Command but driven out by those of Ambo he hath ever since maintain'd himself by Robbing for his Village was so wasted by Fire that very few Houses remain'd and those all made of Palm Canes from the top to the bottom as well the Sides as the Roof The Countrey far and near is all low and marshy Ground Constitution of the Countrey so that there is no fresh Water but that which runs from the Village or gathered from the Roof of the Houses The People living up higher call'd Kalbongos are very subtil and cunning Nature of the Inhabitants so that a White must look well to himself Both Men and Women go naked onely a small covering before their Privacies and so barbarously cruel that the Parents sell their Children the Husband his Wife and one Brother and Sister the other and as to decency or order scarce a degree above Beasts The Men tie the top of their Virile part with a piece of Bark Apparel or else put the same in long Callabashes the rest of their Bodies remain Naked onely Painted with Red Colours They wear their Hair Pleited in several Fashions and many have their upper Teeth fil'd as sharp as Bodkins or Needles chiefly supporting themselves by catching Fish When any amongst them stands accus'd Oath he clears himself by taking an Oath in this manner He cuts himself in the Arm and sucks up his own bloud and this they repute a sufficient Purgation and this custom those inhabiting the high Land of Amboises in Ambo and Botery also observe This River affords many Slaves for Copper Bars Trade and likewise for counterfeit Corral Beads and Copper Basons which on the Gold-Coast for their sleightness cannot be sold Akori also and Elephants Teeth against Knives and Assagayes or Lances the Teeth generally so large that three pieces make a hundred weight Between Rio del Key and that of Kamarones narrow but deep Rivers Little Kamaroms makes his way from whence the Coast spreads East South East about three miles with low and Woody Land and a plain Shore The Trade here agrees in all points with that at Rio del Rey Trade but differ in speech for here they call the number One Mo Ba Two Melella Three Meley Four Matam Five The Territory of AMBOSINE or the High Land AMBOISES THis Lordship of Amboisine The Territory of Amboises by the Europeans call'd the High Land of Amboses because they suppose it to be as high as the Pick of Tenariffe and by the Spaniards therefore nam'd Alta Terra de Ambosi takes place between Rio del Rey The Village Bodi and Kamarones At the West side thereof lie divers Villages among others Bodi or Bodiwa otherwise Cesge The Countrey produces great plenty of Grain Nature of the Countrey but no Palm-Wine which want the Inhabitants supply by a Root call'd Gajanlas which they boile in water and make a Drink of pleasant in taste but hurtful for the belly if taken in excess Other Provisions they have in such quantities that Seame● esteem it a good and desirable place to refresh in The Islands of AMBOISES FOur miles to the South East of this High Land The Islands of Amboises

his naked Feet black Sandals laced on On the Girdle was a Fillet whereupon was written 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Happy or Happiness perhaps the proper name of the young Man or else set there as a Prayer for his eternal joy The Woman that lay in the same Cave The Pourtraiture of a Woman was without doubt the Wife or Sister of the young Man and more sumptuously drawn upon her Herse-cloth Besides several other Hieroglyphicks there stood upon gilded Plates two Fowls and two Lions back to back and upon another Garment lay an Ox or Cow perhaps the Image of Apis or Isis that Idol by the Egyptians being represented in that shape Upon another Plate hanging to the last link on the Brest the Sun was pencil'd In the Ears were Gems with Garters on her Arms and Legs and many Rings on her Fingers In her right Hand she held a Golden Water-pot and on the fore-finger of the left Hand a Ring with other Trimmings and Ornaments She had as the young Man black curl'd Hair which cover'd her Face dark and thick Eye-brows with black Eyes wide open These Effigies or Resemblances were drawn with a rough hand like Pictures in unsetled and barbarous times In the Cave wherein the two fore-mention'd Mummies were found there were other Corps which lay all without order buried in the Sands and preserv'd onely by its driness Besides the former two there was another which lay in a Woodden Coffin with a Virgin carv'd upon it and laid forth almost like the former with a gilt Herse-cloth and other Ornaments In the broken Body of this Virgin was found nothing else but a great many Rollers and Bitumen wound up therein for the Bones and Flesh were in a manner dried and consumed so that it seemed to be onely a shell of Wood. The Materials of the Mummy were so hard that a Hammer could scarce make any impression upon it A little forwarder other Corps were to be seen in great number wound up in single Clothes and preserv'd in common Bitumen without gilt Coverings Pourtraitures or any other Ornaments whence may be concluded that the adorn'd Bodies were Persons of rank and quality either of Priests or Great Ministers of State which onely had hope to come to the future Dominion as Herodotus Diodorus and other antient Historiographers mention ¶ MUmmy is a Persian word Mummy a Persian name and signifieth a dry and unperishable dead Body being Embalmed after a peculiar manner Many are of opinion though not so that the Bodies which are so call'd were not prepared by Art but by meer chance brought to the estate of being unperishable by this following means In Africa on the east-side of Nile lyeth a great and sandy Desart call'd from its extent The Sandy-Sea which by impetuous Windes is so often agitated that Travellers and Beasts with their Burthens are overwhelmed alive and there utterly lost which after by the power of the hot Sun and parching Sand are so dried that they become fixed and for ever undissolvable True it is some such Bodies are found there Mummies are not Bodies dried by the Sun in the Sea of Sand. and sometimes sold for Mummies but they deserve not that Name because a Mummy is onely such a Body as by a peculiar Art is incorporated and embalmed with Bitumen and other odoriferous Spices such as at this day in great numbers are found under the City Memphis and the Caves about it Herodotus saith in his * second Book Herodot Euterpe that Bodies of Rich or Great Meh were wash'd over with Phenician Wine and the Belly stuft with Myrrh Cassia and other Aromaticks and then laid in Salt but those of the common sort was done with Juice or Gum of Cedar-wood I shall briefly set down the words of this antient Writer wherein he sheweth the whole Egyptian way of Embalming for the better explaining of what is already said and shall be said hereafter After mourning for the Dead they bring the Body to be embalmed Herodotus for which several persons are appointed excellently skilled in that Art who when it is brought into the house shew wooden Images of other dead persons painted in natural colours First the neatest afterwards courser and then a third the coursest of all asking according to which they will have the Corps done After a bargain struck having the Corps there the Pollinctors embalm the Body with great diligence in this manner First with a crooked Iron they drill the Brains out of the Head through the Nostrils upon which they strew Medicinal Ingredients After that with a sharp Stone had out of the Moors Countrey they open the Belly and take out all the Bowels which being cleansed and washed with Phenician Wine are mixed with pounded Spices Then they fill the Cavity of the Belly with beaten Myrrh Cynamon Incense and other the like Aromaticks and so stitch it up again this done they lay it seventy days in Salt and no longer After which the Corps are wash'd and wound up in silk Blankets cut in slits and spread over like our Sear-clothes with a Gum which the Egyptians use in stead of Lime When the Friends have received the Corps thus Embalmed they frame a Wooden case just fitted wherein they lay the Corps and put it into the Burial-Cave next the Wall Thus sumptuously they prepare and order their Dead There is another kind of Embalming us'd by those of the middle sort The second sort of Embalming being of no great cost viz. They fill a Syringe with Gum of Cedar-wood and inject it through the Fundament into the Belly without removing the Bowels then let the Corps lye so many days as aforesaid in Salt On the last day they squeeze out the injection by the same way which hath such an Operation that it brings with it what is not fit for Preservation and the Salt consumeth the flesh so that nothing but the Skin and Bones of the Dead remain which finish'd the the Corps is delivered up to the Friends without any more cost or trouble The third way used to the poorer sort is onely this The third sort of Embalming they cleanse and wash the Belly first and then lay the Corps seventy days in Salt and so finish the Obits Ladies of Quality are not so soon exposed to the Operation of Embalming nor such as were famous for Beauty because the Embalmers should not abuse their yet untainted Bodies for they say one of these * Embalmers Pollinctors used that unnatural Villany and upon complaint of his fellow-Artists was surprized in the very Act and suffer'd condign punishment Haly an Arabian Physitian is of opinion Haly. that Bodies by means of Bitumen and * The Gum of the Balsam-Tree before mentioned Joh. Nardius Opobalsamum Myrrhe and such like Drugs is brought to the state of perdurableness Johannes Nardius who caused many of the Mummies to be broken in pieces to try them maintains strongly that

till Abu Bark Son of Hutmen the Second which was brought to an untimely end by his Nephew Yahaia as before is declared who was succeeded by Abdul Mumen as he by Zacharias who dyed in a short time Issueless so that the Tunissians chose for King Abukamen Nephew of Zacharias Abukamen King whose Tyranny caused many Rents and Divisions in his State and hazarded almost the whole yet partly by Policy partly by Force he so brought it to pass that Muly Mahomet his Son enjoy'd the Kingdom of Tunis after his death Muley Mahomet And his Son Muley Assez or Assan the last of this Stock after him till thereof by Barberossa bereav'd yet was he not so absolutely lost but that afterwards by the assistance of the Emperor Charles the Fifth again restored The manner this Muley Mahomet Father of Muley Assez had by several Wives many Sons among which this Muley Assez though the youngest was the most intirely beloved as being a most prudent and generous spirited person the eldest call'd Manon he absolutely disinherited and kept in Prison under strong Guard because of his unnatural disobedience Muley Assez declared King as having by Treachery endeavour'd to depose his Father and declared his Brother Muley Assez to be his Heir and Successor to the great satisfaction of most of his Subjects who greatly affected Muley Assez for his Endowments and shortly after Muley Mahomet died much lamented By this means Muley Assez became sole Master of this State to secure himself wherein and taking into consideration the former pretences of his imprison'd Brother Manon he caused him privately to be put to death Araxar his other Brother being inform'd thereof Araxar flyeth out of Tunis for fear of the like mischief fled to Numidia to Abdalor a mighty Xeque or Prince of Bixkara whose Daughter he there married and got a promise of Assistance for regaining the Crown to which he thought he had the best pretensions as being elder than his Brother Muley The News of Araxars withdrawing so inrag'd Muley Assez that he apprehended all that were of the Royal Blood The Rage of Muley Assez putting out all the Mens Eyes and keeping the Women in a strict and close Imprisonment This Savage Cruelty added wings to Araxar Araxar intends to besiege Tunis who by this time had taken the Field with an Army rais'd and furnisht by his Father-in-law and now marched forward with intent to besiege Tunis Muley Assez came out with a mighty Army against him but was soon defeated and necessitated in all haste to retreat to Tunis for Recruits so that Araxar fearing his own Strength not sufficient to subject the Countrey A subtle Invention of Barbaroussa to play the Knave with Araxar requested Assistance from the famous Pyrate Cheredin Barbarossa who at that time govern'd Algier in the Name of the Grand Seignior which was promis'd but yet with this Caution that it would be necessary the more happily to bring his Enterprize to pass to make a Journey to Constantinople wherein he the said Barbarossa would accompany him with assurance to procure from Sultan Soliman great Favour and Assistance Araxar deluded by these Flatteries went to Constantinople and was there very friendly receiv'd in outward appearance but Barbarossa now minding nothing less than what he had said and written underhand told Soliman that in regard Prince Araxar was young he had now a fit opportunity to annex the Crown of Tunis to his Empire Marvellous pleasing was this Advice to Soliman's ears who instantly prepar'd a Fleet which being ready to set Sail he puts Araxar under Guard telling him when Barbarossa had subdu'd Tunis and forc'd them to receive and acknowledge him for their lawful Prince he should be sent thither with an honorable Retinue and put in Possession In the interim he sent Barbaroussa without him upon his intended Design Upon the Approach of Barbarossa Muley Assez who knew himself too weak to stand a Siege against such a Force and believing Araxar to be in the Fleet added more Cruelty to his former so that hated by his Subjects he left the City and betook himself to his Uncle Dorat a man of great Power among the Arabians of Uled Aixa The Citizens thus forsaken by their Prince The Turk becometh Master of Tunis submitted to Barbarossa who forthwith proclaim'd Sultan Soliman their Prince Muley Assez on the other side to turn the Scales sent to the Emperor Charles the Fifth then in Spain and requir'd his Aid which the Emperor willingly hearkned to and the rather because it was confidently rumor'd that Barbarossa intended to harrase with a strong Fleet not onely the Coast of Italy as he had done the foregoing year but also against the next Summer would Ship over to Sicily an Army of Turks and Moors to invade the Kingdom of Naples Fired with this News and also instigated by Muley Assez he put to Sea with a strong Fleet Mann'd with Spaniards and Germans in the Year Fifteen hundred thirty seven on the Five and twentieth of June being St. James's Day with which coming under Tunis he took at the first Assault the Castle and strong Fort Goletta and not long after the City it self and with it the whole Kingdom Barbarossa foreseeing this Storm had withdrawn himself and committed the Defence of the City to Mustapha a courageous Souldier who yielded himself up into the hands of the Emperor Thus the Emperor Re-instated Muley Assez in his Kingdom Muley Asse● is Restored telling him that for all his Cost he would onely keep the Castle and Goletta in his own possession with a Garrison and that he Muley Assez should send yearly to him the Emperor and his Successors two Faulcons and two Numidian Race-Horses Other Articles were made between the said Princes to this effect That if Muley Assez did make a failer of this Agreement he should pay for a Forfeiture for the first Default five thousand Crowns for the second twice as much and for the third fall into Contempt and height of Displeasure That he should always hold a strict Alliance with the Emperor and be an Enemy to the Turks and a Friend to the Christians to whom he was to afford liberty of Religion That he should pay every year a thousand or twelve hundred Spanish Souldiers which the Emperor would keep in the Fort of Goletta And lastly That neither the Emperor nor his Successors should send any more Forces nor take into his hands any Places of the Kingdom of Tunis belonging to the aforementioned Muley Assez Goletta onely accepted And this Agreement was sworn to by both Princes with great Solemnity This Expedition thus happily performed the Emperor upon his return to keep up in memory so great an Action and to encourage the Valour of such as followed him therein instituted the Order of Knights of the Cross of Burgundie But Muley Assez did not long possess his Kingdom in Peace after his

or Quarts to drink in the Morning and not at any other time In the mean time they conjure and perswade themselves that if the Captive be guilty of the Crime he will die or else not At last vomiting the Quony he is held to be quit but if he cannot do that though at first he brings up a little Froth he dies and the Body is either burnt or else cast into the River But if it happen that they cannot receive any answer or but such as is uncertain and Amphibological resting thereon though with much dissatisfaction they forthwith without farther enquiry interre the Corps Yet nevertheless they go to a Jakehmo or Soothsayer a vagrant sort of People who have no certain Dwelling-place but rove up and down and before they answer any question run about distractedly one with a certain kind of Pots or Cups another sounding a Horn the rest with Tabers or little Drums making a great noise and hurliburly seeking and calling for the Sovahmo from whom when they have received any information concerning the guilty person then they proceed to the trial with the Quony in the manner aforesaid ¶ IN Right of Inheritance or possessing of Goods this method is observed The Inheritance When the Man dies and leaves behind him some Children that are under Age the elder Brother takes the possession of all the Slaves Wives Children moveable and not moveable Goods of his Father except his own Mother Thus taking upon himself the government of the Family after time of mourning finished he draws to the place of Exercises before the King in presence of all his acquaintance with his Father's Bowe in his hand and his Quiver of Arrows at his back one end of the Bowe he sets upon the Ground holding the other end in his hand in that posture he declareth openly that resolving to be valiant and to follow his Father's course he will now give a proof before all the Spectators After he hath shewed his skill and activity he presents himself before the King in the same posture as before saying He is resolved to bear the burthen of his Family to give the Children under Age an Example to Till the Ground to defend the Right of his Family and what else befits him After the Decease of this Son the next eldest Brother takes all But if the eldest Son live and have Children then his younger Brothers and their Children have onely so much of the Estate as shall keep them till they come to Manhood and maintain the Slaves or Slavesses given him in his Father's life-time for it is the custom in that Countrey that people of ability bestow upon their Children as well Sons as Daughters from their Infancy some Slaves But if the Father dies leaving onely Daughters either his Father's Brother if living or else his Father's Brother's Son that the Name may not be extinct shall inherit But if there be no Male-issue of the Father's side the King is Heir and takes as well Slaves as Goods and Women to him allowing a sufficient maintenance to some trusty Person for the bringing up of the Children ¶ THe Quoia's speak not onely their own Timnian Their Language Hondian Mendian and Folgian Languages but also those of Gala and Gebbe The People of Gebbe and Folgia differ in Speech but little however the Folgian being the smoothest and the noblest is call'd Mendi-ko The Lordly-Tongue partly as we said for its Elegancy and Smoothness partly because of the Dominion the Folgia's hold over the Quoia's and Gebbe-Monou that is the People of Gebbe for Monou in that Idiom signifies People They of Konde-Quoia or High-Quoia differ in Dialect from the Quoia's near the Sea ¶ IN the Head of the Constellation Taurus Signs of their Summer and Winter-Seasons are five Stars near the Pleiades which they call Manja-Ding that is Lords-Childe upon which they look to know whether it be Midnight They have no Hours or past Midnight but know not how to divide Time into Hours nor how to reckon the Age of the Moon Those that dwell in Daula look upon these five Stars appearing in the Evening to the West as a Sign of a Raining-time ¶ THe Authority and Greatness of Quoia Their Strength and Power is at present supported more by Wisdom and Policy than by Power because the subjected Countreys of Cilm Bolm and Bolmberre are accounted more powerful than it This the Parable of King Flamboers Brother nam'd Cia-Haddo seem'd to hint to Flamboere's eldest Son threatning Massakoey Lord of Bolm to take his Countrey There was said he in antient time a Fowl with a very fine red Head and Neck but beyond that thin of Feathers and a small Train but for his beautiful out-side appearance was by other Birds chosen King This Bird sensible of his own defects kept in a Bottel and when the Council of Fowls was assembled put the Head and Neck onely out till at length by course of time the great Sacrifice was to be made to the Idol Belli in the Wood which none but the King in Person might perform at which time compell'd to dissert his Bottle his poverty and wants were discover'd to his great damage Thus far Cia-Haddo And without doubt he discover'd a great Prudence in that witty Apothegm for to prevent discovery it is not permitted to the People lying Northwards to pass through the Easterly Countreys nor for those of the East to go with their Ambassadors or Merchants through the West Countrey and this as we said that they should not discover the Secrets and Conveniences or Inconveniences of the State therefore they of Quoia keep them at distance and traffick for Eastern Wares at reasonable Rates which they vent to the West in Exchange for such as are fit for Barter and Exchange with European Merchants for such Commodities as yield ready Truck with those of the East In like manner also the People of the Upper Countreys prohibit the Quoians to travel through their Land for it is a particular favour that the King of Quoia may take to Wife the Daughter of the King of Manou and at his pleasure pass through the Folgian Territories ¶ WE will next proceed to their Government The Government and first begin with Quoia-Bercoma at present Commanded by a King with the Title of Dondagh his Name Flamboere the Fourth Grandson of one Bokwalla formerly Prince of the Karou's who by the assistance of the Folgians conquering the Veyes after a tedious War laid here the Foundations of a Potent Monarchy to his Successors invited thereto by the fertility of the Soil and an innate ambition and thirst of Soveraignty This acquired Grandeur hath been supported with such Policy that the Inhabitants at all publick Meetings and Solemnities to this day Sing He descended from above This King like his Ancestors holds in subjection Folgia The King of Quoia holds subject the Folgia's the Region of Cape de Monte and the adjacent places formerly

belonging to the people Vey and Puy whereupon the Heir of the Crown when the King dies requires Earth from the Ambassadors of Folgia in token of Acknowledgement and Installs the Lord of Bolmberre with the Title of Dondagh by a particular Ceremony of which we shall give this brief Account The Heir is laid flat upon the ground with his Face downward and some Earth thrown upon him Lying thus they ask what Name he desireth to have and what he chuses they impose together with the Title of Dondagh Then they cause him to rise and put a Bowe into his hand and a Quiver of Arrows to defend the Countrey with which performed he distributes Slaves Clothes Kettles Basons and such like Presents to the King of Quoia The Power of the present Quoian-Prince is absolute and unlimited so that he is the onely and sole Judge of all Causes For although he admit his Counsellors sometimes to give their Opinions yet they signifie nothing for he follows his own single resolved Determinations This absolute Power makes him jealous of his Honor For he will not endure it should be diminished by any His highest Pomp consists in sitting upon a Shield whereby he gives to understand that he is the Protection and Defence of the Countrey and the manager of all Wars pacifying Civil Insurrections and other Weighty Matters belonging to him alone His Title as we said is Dondagh which is as much as Monarch When any Nobleman proves disobedient and will not appear before him on Summons then he sends his Koredo that is his Shield In what manner the King deals with any man who keeps away from his duty as if he would say upbraidingly if you be not obedient be Lord your self and bear the burden of the Countrey This peremptory Command by the Shield is sent by two Drummers who as soon as they come near the Offenders Habitation begin to beat their Drums and so continue without ceasing till they have delivered the Shield upon receipt whereof without delay he must speed away to the Court carrying the Shield with him which he presents to the King begging forgiveness of his miscarriages and so taking up Earth before the King humbles himself ¶ THose that make an Address to the King to obtain his Favor An address to the King to obtain his favor now it is made make their way with Presents of Ribbons Elephants-Teeth or such things which he must deliver at the house of the Kings chiefest Wife who receiving the same bears it to the King with request that the person may be admitted to his Presence If the King accept it the person hath leave to enter otherwise if any complaints be brought against him he sends it back yet so as the Presenter dares not receive and carry it away but continues his Suit by Friends without intermission by whose frequent and renewed mediations the King at last seeming a little pacified remits his severity takes the Present and calls for the Suppliant who entring the Royal Presence goes bowing all along towards the King who sits on the ground upon a Matt leaning upon a Stoole when he approaches within two steps he bows himself to the Earth kneeling down upon one Knee with his right Elbow to the Earth and names the Kings Title Dondagh whereupon the King if pleas'd answers Namady that is I thank you if not sits silent If it be a person of Quality and his Subject the King perhaps causes a Matt to be spread on the ground upon which sitting at the distance of a Pace he declares what he hath to request But if he be a Foraigner that comes onely to Salute the King without any further Ceremony he is conducted to him receiving an immediate dispatch If the person have any Proposition Petition or Complaint to make upon notice thereof a Jilly or Interpreter is call'd who coming with his Bow in his hand opens to the King the whole matter sentence by sentence whereto according to the quality of the Affair he receives answer with promise if upon a Complaint that as soon as he hath heard what the other party can say in his defence he will forthwith give Judgment according to Right If any man come to thank the King for doing Exemplary Justice in a difficult Cause How the King is thank'd for doing good Justice after his Presents receiv'd he devests himself of all his Clothes and Ornaments saving onely a little Cloth to cover his Pudenda so casts himself backwards upon the ground and instantly turning again rises upon one knee takes up earth with his hand and lays it upon his head then leaning with one elbow upon the earth he says three times Dondagh whereupon the King answers some times Namady that is to say I thank you and sometimes otherwise as he thinks fit The first Address usually is perform'd in his own House in the presence of his chiefest Wife But such as concern Justice or the State of the Countrey he hears in the Council-House in the presence of the Lords of the Council This Assembly they call Simannoe When some Eminent Person sent from a Neighbor King desires Audience one of the Kings Wives goes with a Present and tells him who sent it whereupon the Person appears before the King and takes earth This Address the King receives in his Simannoe or Council-House being open on all sides with great attendance round about After this Gratulatory Salutation the Ambassador desires leave to relate his Embassie but is put off till the next day so retiring he diverts himself till the appointed time in Feasts and Sportive Recreations The Ambassador receives Answer by the Kings Direction from a Jilly or Interpreter after which they shew the Ambassador and his Retinue the place where they are to remain where the Kings Slaves bring them Water to wash and the Kings Women bring very neatly drest in Dishes set on their heads Rice and Flesh much or little according to the number of his Attendants The Entertainment ended the King sends him for his Welcome Wine and other Presents either a Kettle Bason or such like If any European Merchant bring the King a Present he is invited to eat with him but with no Black how great of State soever will he eat out of the same Dish but lets their Meat be carried by his Women to the place where they are When the King dies the eldest Brother succeeds in his Throne The In●eritance of the Kingdom and enjoys his Rice-Fields Slaves and Women except those which in his life were given to the Children The Folgia's are under the Emperor of Manou or Manoe a mighty Prince The Folgia's are under the Manou's who receives of them yearly Tributes in Slaves Salt red Cloth Kettles Basons and such like for which he bestows on them as a Gratuity certain Cloathes call'd Quaqua-Cloathes which the Folgian send to the Quoians as they again to the Bolmian or Hondoian Lords The People of Gala-Monou

which they shall be at in searching out the cause of the Deceased's Death This having continued two three or more days and nights with some remission of Laments at last they run away with the Corps and bury it either in the Fields or by Chienga where divers Wizards call'd Kokokoo dwell throwing part of his Goods into the Grave and part over it as we have it and particularly one of his Moquisies that is a Pot a Wooden Shovel an Arrow Kalbas a Cup to drink in Tobacco a Pipe a Staff Lances or such like After this the nearest Friends continue their Morning and Evening Laments sometimes for two or three Moneths or longer Now if the nearest to the Deceased will shew his duty in searching after the cause of his Death he falls upon the inquiry for which they use several ways but the following is the most common They go to the Conga or Wizard sitting upon the Ground behind a House How the cause of any Man's death is searched after and lay a great Knife down before him which he oftentimes touches and then rubs his hands one upon another whereupon they speak to him in these words Such a one is deceased or dead we have buried him is he brought to his end by Witchcraft or have his Moquisies kill'd him If upon this enquiring the Hands begin to strike hard one upon another without any more rubbing they take it for granted his Moquisies kill'd him Again if the hands in rubbing happen to strike one another and he brings them right again with clapping then they begin once more and ask again Such a one is dead and brought to his end by Moquisies or Witchcraft where dwells he who hath done it here or yonder or is he of his acquaintance c. till they know more or if they suppose more had a hand in it than one they ask Whether Man or Woman did it by what Moquisies he was bewitched and what cause they had for it and the like Sometimes they run two or three Moneths from one Town to another and from one Ganga to another and leave no Moquisies almost unasked till at length they suppose how it was done or in what Town he dwells or under whom he lives If they dare not name or discover the Person they take the whole Town that they may find out the Guilty therein and applying themselves for that end to one of the King's Nobility enquire whether there be a Bony that is a Hamlet where they suppose the suspected Party to be that he may drink Bondes who gives them leave Then he goes to the chiefest of the Bondes call'd Konda and seeks for some to make ready the Bonde-Drink and to administer it In the Morning when they intend to begin they come to the Boany or Hamlet together setting themselves down in the midst of the Village in an open place upon the Market if there be one and then the Bondes takes out of every Hamlet a Man who drinks for the whole Now if one of these fall that Hamlet for which he drank must all hand the Cup one to another because they believe the guilty Person hides himself therein If all the Men escape then comes the lot to the Women who drink not themselves but others in their Names and if there shall fall one or more the Women for whom they drank are taken for guilty and as Sorceresses are put to death But of this we have said more than enough The Children inherit not after the Father's Decease but the eldest Brother Their Inheritance or Sister and he or she is necessitated to bring up the Children till they can live of themselves There are many Handicrafts among them as Weavers Smiths Cap-makers Employments Potters Bead-makers Carpenters Vintners or Tapsters Fisher-men Canoo-makers Merchants and other Traders They make a kind of Hemp taken out from the peel'd Leaves of the Matombe-Trees about three quarters of a Yard square This Hemp is of two sorts the one call'd Poesana fit onely for course Cloathes and the other Poesampama whereof they Weave finer The Portuguese buy those Clothes in great abundance and carry them to Lovango Saint Paulo where they are deliver'd in stead of Money for in that place they are the standard to value all Commodities by Every Cloth call'd by the Portuguese Panos Sambes and in Countrey phrase Mollole-Vierry consists of four pieces stitch'd together call'd Libonges seventeen such are valu'd at for one piece of Slezy Ticking and every pound of Ivory bears the price of five Libonges In like manner the Inhabitants of Lovango Money in stead of Money use sleight woven Clothes made of the Leaves of Matombe-Trees every Cloth consisting of four pieces each of about a Span and half square of which one is worth a penny but of late these Clothes are fallen low and consequently little used Most of the riches of the Inhabitants consists in Slaves Riches for what other wealth they have is lavish't out profusely in idle expences The Merchandizes brought out of this Countrey by the Whites Trade are Elephants Teeth Copper Tin Lead Iron and other things but are gotten with great labour by the Inhabitants because of the far lying off of the Mines From a certain place call'd Sondy not far from Abysine or the Empire of Prester John most of the Copper is brought thither Towards September there flock to Sondy many Smiths from several Countreys to melt Copper who continue there till May and then depart because of the approaching dry time But by the unskilfulness of the Inhabitants this Copper is much debas'd who melt all Mettals one among another to prevent which some have been sent where the Mines are to teach them to distinguish and separate the Mettals but they would never permit them to do any thing or be drawn to alter their own vicious method The Whites bring also out of this Countrey Elephants-Tails which the Portuguese buy and carry to Lovango Saint Paulo where they prove very good and ready Merchandize that is an hundred Hairs put together they value at a thousand Rees This Hair the Blacks braid very finely and wear about their Necks but the greatest and longest Hairs braided they wear about the Waste of which fifty Hairs are sold for a thousand Rees Lovango useth to vent yearly great abundance of Ivory but every year the quantity decreases because the Blacks fetch it so far out of the Countrey and carry it upon their Heads The chiefest place where the Staple for this Commodity remains is call'd Backkamele about three hundred miles up into the Countrey so that the Blacks have near three moneths labour before they can finish their journey forwards and backwards The Merchandize brought by those of Lovango are Salt Oyl of Palm broad Knives made by themselves course Slesie Tickings black Looking-Glasses Cushion Leaves and some other Trifles besides Slaves and Elephants-Teeth In the former of which they make use of these Slaves