Selected quad for the lemma: woman_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
woman_n	brother_n	father_n	sister_n	2,882	5	9.8000	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A38749	The history of the church from our Lords incarnation, to the twelth year of the Emperour Maricius Tiberius, or the Year of Christ 594 / as it was written in Greek, by Eusebius Pamphilius ..., Socrates Scholasticus, and Evagrius Scholasticus ... ; made English from that edition of these historians, which Valesius published at Paris in the years 1659, 1668, and 1673 ; also, The life of Constantine in four books, written by Eusibius Pamphilus, with Constantine's Oration to the convention of the saints, and Eusebius's Speech in praise of Constantine, spoken at his tricennalia ; Valesius's annotations on these authors, are done into English, and set at their proper places in the margin, as likewise a translation of his account of their lives and writings ; with two index's, the one, of the principal matters that occur in the text, the other, of those contained in the notes.; Ecclesiastical history. English	Eusebius, of Caesarea, Bishop of Caesarea, ca. 260-ca. 340.; Socrates, Scholasticus, ca. 379-ca. 440. Ecclesiastical history. English.; Evagrius, Scholasticus, b. 536? Ecclesiastical history. English.; Eusebius, of Caesarea, Bishop of Caesarea, ca. 260-ca. 340. Life of Constantine. English.	1683 (1683)	Wing E3423; ESTC R6591	2,940,401	764

others another When a Sedition was raised about this matter the Governour of that Province a person vested with a Consular dignity whose name was Ambrosius fearing least some absurdity might happen in the City caused by that tumult ran into the Church in order to his appeasing of the uproar After that the people upon his coming thither were quieted and that he had represt the irrational fury of the multitude by a long and very usefull exhortatory Oration there hapned on a suddain an unanimous agreement amongst all persons who cried out that Ambrosius deserved the Bishoprick and all made it their request that he might be ordained For by that means only 't was said the people would be united and embrace a concordant opinion concerning the Faith In regard therefore this unanimous consent of the people seemed to the Bishops that were present to proceed from some divine order and appointment without delay they laid hold of Ambrosius and having baptized him for he was then but a Catechumen they forthwith went about the promoting of him to the dignity of that Bishoprick But because Ambrosius though he received Baptism with much willingness yet refused the Episcopal dignity with all imaginable earnestness the Bishops acquaint the Emperour Valentinianus with what hapned The Emperour admiring the unanimous consent of the people and acknowledging what had come to pass to be the work of God declared to the Bishops that they ought to obey God who had commanded he should be ordained for that he was elected by the suffrage of God rather than of men Ambrosius being after this manner constituted Bishop the Inhabitants of Millaine who had been at variance before were by his means reduced at that time to unity and concord CHAP. XXXI Concerning Valentinianus's death BUt after this when the Sarmatae made incursions into the Roman Territories the Emperour undertook an expedition against them at the head of a vast Army The Barbarians informed of these great preparations for a War and being sensible of their own inability to make a resistance sent an Embassy to the Emperour and requested that they might obtain a Peace upon certain conditions When the Embassadours were introduced into the Emperours presence and appeared to him to be vile and despicable fellows he asked whether all-the Sarmatae were such sort of persons The Embassadours made answer that the noblest personages of their whole Nation were come to him whereupon Valentinianus was highly incensed and crying out with a very loud voice said that he was very unfortunate to have the Roman Empire devolve upon him when such a Nation of Barbarians so vile and contemptible was not satisfied to continue in safety within its own limits but would take up Arms depopulate the Roman Territories and audaciously break out into a War And he tore himself in such a manner by his crying out that all his Veines were opened and every one of his Arteries broken A vast quantity of bloud gushing out after this manner he died in the Castle called Bergition after Gratianus's third Consulate which he bore with Equitius about the seventeenth of the month November when he had lived fifty four years and reigned thirteen Valentinianus therefore having ended his life the Milice in Italy on the sixth day after his death proclaimed his Son who had the same name with his Father Valentinianus a very young child Emperour in Acincum a City of Italy The Emperours informed hereof were displeased not because Valentinianus Junior who was brother to the one Emperour and the others Nephew was made Emperour but in regard he had been proclaimed without either of their being acquainted with it whom they themselves were about to proclaim Notwithstanding both of them gave their consent to his being made Emperour After this manner was Valentinianus Junior seated on his own Fathers Throne Further you must know that this Valentinianus was begotten by Valentinianus Senior of Justina which woman he married whilest Severa his former wife was living on this occasion Justus Father to Justina who heretofore to wit in Constantius's Reign had been Governour of the Province Picenum had a Dream wherein to his own thinking he saw himself delivered of the Imperial purple which he brought forth out of his right side this Dream being divulged at length came to Constantius's hearing also He guessing at the meaning of the Dream to wit that an Emperour should descend from Justus sent one who dispatcht him His daughter Justina bereaved of her Father for a considerable while continued a Virgin Some time after she became known to Severa wife to the Emperour Valentinianus and was continually conversant with the Empress And after a firm familiarity was contracted between them she bathed her self also together with her When therefore Severa had seen Justina washing her self she was wonderfully taken with the Virgins beauteous composure of body and discoursed concerning her in the Emperours presence saying that that Virgin Justus's daughter was endowed with so admirable a compleatness of body that she her self although a woman was notwithstanding inamoured with her delicate shape The Emperour treasured up his Wives discourse in his mind and consulted about his marriage of Justina yet so as not to divorce Severa of whom he had begotten Gratianus and had created him Augustus but a little before He therefore dictated a Law and made it publick throughout every City that any one that would might have two Lawfull wives This Law was promulged And he married Justina by whom he had Valentinianus Junior and three daughters Justa Grata and Galla. The two former of which persisted in their resolution of continuing Virgins but Galla was afterwards married to the Emperour Theodosius the Great of whom he begat a daughter by name Placidia For he had Arcadius and Honorius by Flaccilla his former wife But we shall speak in particular concerning Theodosius and his sons in due place CHAP. XXXII Concerning the Philosopher Themistius And that Valens appeased by the Oration he spake to him did in some measure mitigate his Persecution against the Christians VAlens making his Residence at Antioch continued in the interim undisturbed by forreign Wars For the Barbarians did on every side contain themselves within their own Territories But he Persecuted those who embraced the Homoöusian opinion in a most grievous manner and every day invented greater and more acute punishments to be inflicted on them Till such time as the Philosopher Themistius reduced his great cruelty to something of a moderation by that Speech he spake to him wherein the Philosopher advertizes the Emperour that he ought not to admire at the disagreement of Opinions amongst the Christians For that the discrepancy of sentiments amongst them was small if compared with the multitude and confusion of Opinions amongst the Grecians For they entertained above three hundred Opinions Further that as touching Opinion there would of necessity arise a wonderfull dissent from

See Joh. 8. 23. q These Subintroduced women were neither Wives nor Concubines but a third sort of women which the Presbyters c. kept not to have children by nor upon account of lust but as 't was pretended out of a desire of piety See John Langus's notes on B. 6. Niceph. Eccles. Hist. Chap. 30. These sort of women Valesius says were called Sisters which he was informed of from the third Canon Concil Nicen. They were also termed Commanentes See Jerom's Epistle to Eustochius where he inveys against these sort of women r Here the Fathers accuse Paul because he kept these fair women with him and because 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he glutted himself with all sensual delights as feasts drinking and the like which are the common incentives of lust Vales. s 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Latines call them Literas communicatorias communicatory Letters the use whereof is very ancient in the Church They were also called Formatae as Augustine in Epist. 163. attests There were two sorts of these Letters One sort was given to the Clergy and Laity that were going to travel that they might be admitted to Communion by forrein Bishops Another sort were those which Bishops sent to other Bishops and received from them mutually to attest and declare their mutual Communion concerning this latter sort the Synod speaks here They were usually sent by the new Bishops a little after their Ordination See August 162 Epist and Cyprians Epistle to Cornelius pag. 92. Vales. t Baronius at the year of Christ 272. in which year he has placed this Synod of Antioch accuses Eusebius of fraud or rather of connivence because he on set purpose as he says omitted that Creed which the Fathers made in this Council of Antioch which utterly destroyed Arrianism But Baronius as in other places so here also causelesly accuseth Eusebius For that Creed which he there produceth out of the Acts of the Synod of Ephesus was not the Creed which was composed by the Fathers of the Council of Antioch but by them of the Nicene Council For the more certain demonstration of this See the 3 d Tome of the Acts of the Council of Ephesus pag. 378 where this Creed which Baronius mentions as composed by the Fathers of this Council of Antioch is expresly assign'd to the Fathers of the Council of Nice Wherefore that Creed which Baronius and Binius following his example have placed in the Acts of this Council of Antioch must be razed out There is also extant an Epistle of this 2 d Synod of Antioch to Paul of Samosata in the 11 th Tome of the Bibliotheca Patrum which Epistle was written about the beginning of the Session of this 2 d Synod but Baronius ascribes that Epistle to the first Synod which cannot possibly be because of the title and the persons mentioned in it and other circumstances Vales. u After the sentence of being deposed was passed against Paul he kept his Church for some years and would not obey the decree of the Bishops relying on the power of Zenobia an Eastern Queen Theodoret says in his 2 d Book Haeretic Fabul that Paul did flatter her and used all means possible to get her favour When Zenobia was conquered the Christian Prelates petitioned Auretianus that this Paul who had conspired with Zenobia against the Romans might be removed from the See of Antioch which was done in the third year of Aurelianus Vales. * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the import of which words being litterally rendred is the house of the Church perhaps they mean the Bishops Palace a little after they call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which we have rendred the Palace Valesius renders the first phrase Ecclesiae Domus and the second Domus a Eusebius as we here see derives the name of this Heretick from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a mad-man The Learned Bishop Pearson on the Creed supposes Manes to be a Title rather than a name and to be derived from the Hebrew 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or ' 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying an Heretick see his reasons for this derivation in his marginal notes at pag. 64. of his Exposition on the Creed Edit Lond. 1669. * See the note on Chap. 14. B 5. b The phrase in the original is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which Valesius renders in Orbem Romanum into the Roman Empire c Manes was not the first Authour of this Heresie though his followers were from him called Manicheans Indeed Manes disseminated this Heresie in the days of Aurelianus or Probus the Emperour but he had a predecessour though not a master called first Terebintbus afterwards Buddas which Buddas had a former master by name Scythianus who was the first Authour of this Heresie and lived about the Apostolick times See the pedegree of this Heresie drawn at large by Epiphanius Advers Manicheos pag. 617 c. Edit Petav. d 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 knowledge falsely so called 1 Tim 6. 20. a This Eutychianus sate Bishop of Rome 8 years and 11 months as is evident from the old book of the Popes in which the years of all the Popes from Callistus are very well digested by the Consuls under whom they began their Presidencies and under whom they died Eusebius here takes away 8 years from Eutychianus and ascribeth them to Xystus See Chap. 27. note a. Vales. b This Dorotheus Presbyter of Antioch Baronius in his notes on the Roman Martyrology takes to be the same with that Dorotheus who was a Presbyter of Tyre but this is a mistake in him which errour Blondellus undertakes to correct but in the interim committeth one far worse For he confounds this Dorotheus Presbyter of Antioch with Dorotheus Diocletian's Groom of the Chamber whose Martyrdom our Authour in the 8 book giveth us an account of I do not in the least doubt but there were two of this name viz. Dorotheus's one was Presbyter of Antioch and the other was an Eunuch Groom of the Chamber to Diocletian And this may be proved by sufficient arguments 1. This Dorotheus the Presbyter was not a Martyr for we find no mention of him as such in Eusebius and certainly had he been so Eusebius would not have omitted him amongst the Ecclesiasticks he reckons up Book 8. chap. 13. who suffered Martyrdom seeing also he was his master 2. This Dorotheus the Presbyter was a man nobly descended and he bore Office before he was a Presbyter but the other Dorotheus was a man of a servile condition an Eunuch and Groom of the Chamber to Diocletian Besides 't is impossible that the same man should be a Groom of the Chamber and a Presbyter for that was inconsistent with the Ecclesiastick Canon and with reason onely youths of great beauty were chosen to serve in the Emperours Bed-chamber Lastly we read in Eusebius and others that Dorotheus the Groom of the Chamber suffered Martyrdom while he had that Office Hence arose this confusion both these

their outward eyes under the person of their sister Him who was therefore crucified for them that he might perswade those which believe in him that whosoever suffers for the glory of Christ hath eternal communion with the living God Now when none of the wild-beasts would then touch her she was taken from the stake and cast again into prison being reserved for another combat that so having been Conquerour in many incounters she might render the condemnation of the crooked Serpent inexcusable also she encouraged the brethren and though she was a person of small estimation infirm and despicable yet having clothed herself with the strength of Christ that great and invincible Champion she vanquished the adversary in many encounters and after a glorious combat was encircled with a Crown of incorruption Attalus also was by the multitude most earnestly required to be delivered up to punishment for he was an eminent person and by reason of the clearness of his conscience proceeded forth like a Champion prepared for the combat in that he had been perfectly and throughly exercised in the Christian discipline and was always a witness of the truth amongst us and after he had been lead round the Amphitheatre a table being carried before him whereon was written in the Roman tongue This is Attalus the Christian and the people had vehemently swell'd with rage and a●ger against him the President having understood that he was a Roman commanded he should again be committed to custody amongst the rest that were in prison Concerning whom he wrote to Caesar and expected an Edict from him Now this interval of time was spent neither idly nor unfruit●ully by them but by their patient sufferance the immeasurable mercy of Christ was made apparent for those members of the Church that were dead were by the living revived and the Martyrs conferred kindnesses upon those who were no Martyrs and there was a great joy begotten in the Virgin Mother the Church she having again received those alive whom by abortion she had cast forth as dead For through the means of the holy Martyrs many of those who had renounced the faith were newly formed in the womb born again had their vital heat rekindled in them and learned to confess themselves to be Christians And having now recovered life and strength they came before the tribunal God who desireth not the death of a sinner but is indulgent and kindly invites him to repentance in●using a sweetness into them that they might again be interrogated by the President For Caesar had signified by his Rescript that those who confest themselves to be Christians should be tortured but if any renounced the Faith they should be dismist from their imprisonment Now the publick Assembly here which is frequented by a numerous concourse of people of all nations that meet together at it being newly begun the President ordered the blessed Martyrs to be brought before the Tribunal making them a gazing-stock and by way of ostentation producing them as a pompous shew to the multitude When therefore he had again interrogated them as many as were found to have the priviledge of being free of the City of Rome he ordered should be beheaded the rest were cast to the wild-beasts But Christ was greatly glorified through those who formerly had renounced the Faith but then contrary to the expectation of the Heathens became to be Confessours for these persons were interrogated apart as being in all probability forthwith to be set at liberty but having confess 't themselves to be Christians they were added to the number of the Martyrs Now they continued without who never had the least impression of Faith nor a sense of the Wedding garment nor a thought about the fear of God but by their conversation defamed the way of Truth that is were the sons of perdition But all the rest were added to the Church during whose examination one Alexander by countrey a Phrygian by profession a Physitian a person who had dwelt many years in the Gallia's and was known almost to all men by reason of his love to God and his boldness and fearlesness in Preaching his word for he wanted not Apostolick grace standing near to the Tribunal and by nods encouraging them to a confession of the Faith appeared to those who stood round the Tribunal as if he endured the pangs of childbirth now the multitude being in a great sume because those who had before renounc't the Faith did now again make confession of it cried out against Alexander as if he were the occasion thereof and the President having commanded him to be set before him and asked him who he was and he having said that he was a Christian being in a rage condemned him to be cast to the wild-beasts And the day following he entred the Amphitheatre together with Attalus for the President to gratifie the multitude did again deliver Attalus to the wild-beasts which two persons having undergone all the instruments of torment in the Amphitheatre that were invented to torture them with and endured a great combat were at last run through with a sword Alexander indeed did neither sigh nor utter any expression at all but in his heart spoke to God and continued praysing of and praying to him but Attalus when he was set in the Iron chair and scortched all over when the favour of his burnt flesh ascended from his body said to the multitude in the Roman tongue behold this that you doe is to devour men but we neither devour men nor practise any other thing that is evill being asked also what name God had he answered God has not a name as man has In fine after all these persons on the last day of the Gladiatours combats Blandina was again brought forth together with Ponticus a youth about fifteen years old who also were everyday led in to see the tortures of the rest and they constrained them to swear by their Idols but because they continued firm and constant and contemned their gods the multitude was so enraged against them that they neither had compassion on the age of the young man nor shewed any reverential respect towards the Sex of the woman but exposed them to all manner of cruell tortures and made them pass through the whole circuit of torments now and then compelling them to swear but were unable to effect that For Ponticus being encouraged by his sister insomuch that the Heathens perceived it was ●he that encouraged and strengthened him having couragiously undergone all sorts of tortures gave up the ghost But the blessed Blandina the last of all having like a noble and valiant mother encouraged her children and sent them before as conquerors to the King after she had measured over the same course of Combats that her sons had passed through hastned to them being glad and rejoycing at her exit as if she had been invited to a nuptial supper and were not

father's estate having been confiscate he was brought into extream want of necessary subsistance together with his relations but God thought him worthy of his providence And he obtains entertainment and rest from a woman who was very rich in respect of her estate and very eminent otherways Moreover who carefully ministred to a very famous man one of that Heretical Sect then at Alexandria but by birth an Antiochian Him the foresaid woman having adopted for her son kept him with her and shew'd kindness to him in a most especial manner But Origen though forc'd to converse with the said Heretick yet from that time shew'd powerfull proofs of his sound Opinion concerning the Faith For when great multitudes of people not onely Hereticks but also them of our Religion flock'd to Paul for this was the mans name because he seem'd to be a person of great eloquence Origen could never be induced to assist him in prayer always from a child observing the Cannon of the Church and abominating the doctrines of Heresies as he himself in express words somewhere says and having been educated in the Greek learning by his father at first after his death he devoted himself wholly and more earnestly to the study of the Liberal Sciences so that he was furnished with an indifferent skill in the Art of Grammar and having profest this Art soon after his father's death he got plenty of necessaries considering the age he was then of CHAP. III. How Origen being very young Preach't the word of Christ. WHilest he yet applied himself to his School as he in his Writings recordeth no one residing at Alexandria to teach the Principles of Christianity but all being driven away by the threatning persecution some of the Heathens resorted to him to hear the word of God Of which number he notes Plutarchus to have been the first who when he had lived a virtuous secular life was crown'd with divine Martyrdom The second was Heraclas Plutarchus's brother who having under him shew'd many instances of a Philosophical and severe course of life was honour'd with the Bishoprick of Alexandria after Demetrius He was now in the eighteenth year of his age when he was master of the Catechetical School in which he made great proficiency in the persecutions during the time of Aquila's Prefecture over Alexandria At which time he purchas'd to himself a famous name amongst all them who were well affected towards the Faith for the singular friendship and alacrity which he shew'd to all the holy Martyrs known and unknown For he convers'd not onely with such as were in bonds nor with them who had been examined untill their last sentence but with those blessed Martyrs also who after that was pronounc't were led to Execution making use of great boldness he went to meet dangers so that the furious multitude of the Heathens standing round were frequently not far from stoning of him when he boldly came forth and with great freeness of speech communed with the Martyrs and kissed them had not he once miraculously escap'd having the Right-hand of God for his assistance The same divine and heavenly Grace at other times again and again so that t is impossible to say how often preserv'd him from them who then lay'd wait for him because of his exceeding cheerfulness and confidence in Preaching the doctrine of Christ Indeed so great was the hostility of the Infidells against him because such multitudes were instructed by him in the things which appertain to the holy faith that having made a concourse they set Souldiers to watch about the house in which he abode And the Persecution against him waxed so hot daily that all the whole City of Alexandria could no longer secure him he removes indeed from house to house but is driven from all places because of the multitude which through him were made Proselytes to the Divine Doctrine For his common actions contain'd the most admirable Rules of the truest Philosophy indeed as the common saying is such as his doctrine was such was his manner of life and such as his manner of life was such he demonstrated his doctrine to be by this means especially together with the Divine power assisting him he induced many to a zealous imitation of him But when he saw many Scholars now flocking to him the exercise of Catechising being committed solely to him by Demetrius who was Bishop of the Church supposing the teaching of Grammar disagreeable to his studies in divine Learning he forthwith breaks off his Grammar School as unprofitable and contrary to the Sacred learning Then entring into a prudent consideration with himself how he might not stand in need of assistance from others he sold all the Volumes he had of Antient Heathen Writers which were most elaborately compil'd and was content with four oboli a day that were brought him by the buyer For many years he persevered in this Philosophical course of life depriving himself of all matter which might nourish youthfull lusts both undergoing no small labour of severe exercise in the day-time and also assigning to himself the greater part of the night for his study in the holy Scriptures patiently persevering in the most Philosophical life imaginable Somtimes he inur'd himself to the exercises of fasting at other times to houres measur'd out for his repose which he would by no means enjoy upon a bed but made it his business to take it on the bare ground for he thought those Evangelical Words of our Saviour ought most especially to be observ'd which exhort us not to have two coats nor to wear shoes nor to be sollicitous about the cares of the time to come Moreover with a courage far greater then his age he patiently endur'd both cold and nakedness and came to that height and extremity of want that he made those of his acquaintance admire exceedingly And he caus'd grief in many who entreated him that they might communicate of their estates to him because they saw him bring such labours on himself for the Gospel's sake but he remitted nothing of his patience 'T is reported he walk'd upon the ground barefoot many years in no wise wearing any shoes And also for many years he abstained from the use of wine and from all other things except necessary sustenance so that now he fell into a great danger of spoiling and turning his stomach He deservedly excited most of his Scholars to imitate him shewing them who look'd upon him such examples of a Philosophical life Insomuch that now not onely the vulgar unbelieving Heathens but also they who were learned Philosophers were through him brought to submit themselves to his doctrine And it came to pass that they who receiv'd by him in the bottom of their hearts sincerely the faith of the Gospel were famous in the time of the then Persecution so that some of them after apprehension finished their lives by Martyrdom CHAP. IV. How many of

shaking which made the Sea and Air about the earth tremble in such a manner that the very Earth and City were shaken by that motion And at that very moment wherein this wonderfull and sudden Earth-quake happened the dead body of the divine Martyr was cast up by the Sea as being unable to containe it before the gates of the City Such was the Exit which the admirable Apphianus made on Friday the second day of the month Xanthicus which is before the fourth of the Nones of April CHAP. V. Concerning Ulpianus and Aedesius Martyrs AT the same time and almost on the same days a young man in the City of Tyre by name Ulpianus after he had been cruelly scourged and endured most grievous stripes was sown up in the raw hide of an Oxe together with a Dog and a venemous Serpent and cast into the Sea Wherefore we thought it agreeable to make mention of this person at this place wherein we have related the Martyrdom of Apphianus Some small time after this Aedesius brother not only in respect of God but by a bodily affinity also by the fathers side to Apphianus after he had made very many confessions and for a long time had been cruciated in bonds after he had been condemned to the mines in Palestine by the Presidents Sentence and after he had under all these tortures led a life continually like a Philosopher in a Philosophick habit for he had acquired far more learning than his brother in that he had applied his mind wholly to Philosophick literature at length when at the City of Alexandria he saw the Judge who was then examining the Christians most extravagantly insulting over and enraged against them one while putting various and most reproachful abuses upon grave men at another delivering women most eminent for their chastity and ● Virgins that had devoted 〈…〉 mselves to God to Pan 〈…〉 rs that they might be defiled with all sorts of obscenity he attempted the same fact that his brother had done For because what was thus performed seemed to him intolerable with a valiant boldness he approach't the Judge and having by his words and deeds surrounded him with shame and ignominy and after that most couragiously endured various sorts of tortures he was thrown into the Sea and ended his life after the same manner that his brother did These things happened thus to Aedesius although as I said before some small time after CHAP. VI. Concerning the Martyr Agapius MOreover in the fourth year of the Persecution against us on the twentieth day of the month Dius which is before the twelfth of the Calends of December being Friday such a Martyrdom was performed in the same City of Caesarea as worthily deserves to be recorded in writing Maximinus the Tyrant being himself present and exhibiting publick shews to the people because of his Birth-day Whereas it was an ancient custom that if at any time in the presence of the Emperours splendid shews and such as were more pleasing to the mind should be exhibited to the spectatours new and strange spectacles such as were different from the usuall sights being at such a time procured which consisted partly of beasts brought out of India Aethiopia or some other place and partly of men who having before accustomed themselves to certain Artificial exercises of their bodies entertained the spectatours with sights that created in them a wonderfull delight and pleasure then also because the Emperour himself was at the charge of exhibiting those shews something that was magnificent and more wonderfull than usual must necessarily be made use of in those sights What therefore was this A Martyr of our Religion was brought forth to combat for the only true worship of God His name was Agapius the Second of that name the first as we manifested a little before was together with Thecla condemned to be devoured 〈◊〉 the wild-beasts He therefore having before that time been thrice brought out of Prison wherein he had been confined now three years and often times led in pomp about the Stadium with those that were Malefactours the Judge after various menaces putting him off to other combats either out of compassion to him or because he had hopes that he would alter his resolution was then produced the Emperour himself being there present being reserved as it were on set purpose for that opportunity that that saying of our Saviour's which by his divine knowledge he foretold his disciples might be accomplished in him that they should be brought before Kings for their testimony of him He is therefore brought into the midst of the Stadium together with a certain criminal who was said to be guilty of murthering his master After this he who had killed his master being exposed to the wild-beasts obtained mercy and compassion from the Emperour almost after the same manner that Barabbas did in our Saviour's time At this the whole Amphitheatre resounded with Shouts and Acclamations of joy because the Emperour had out of his compassion saved a bloudy murtherer and vouchsafed him honour and liberty But this champion of Religion is first called for by the Tyrant after which having with the promise of liberty desired him to renounce the profession of Christianity he professed with a loud voice that not for any crime but upon account of the worship of the framer of all things with alacrity and pleasure he would couragiously undergoe what punishments soever should be inflicted on him And having said thus he annexed deeds to his words ran to meet a Bear which was let loose against him and most willingly offered himself to be devoured by that beast After the beast had torn him having some breath left in him he was carried back to Prison where after he had lived one day on that following stones were hanged at his feet and he was drowned in the midst of the Sea Such was the Martyrdom of Agapius CHAP. VII Concerning the Virgin Theodosia and concerning Domninus and Auxentius Martyrs MOreover the fifth year of the persecution being now current on the second day of the month Xanthicus which is before the fourth of the Nones of April on the very Lords day the day of our Saviour's Resurrection and also at Caesarea Theodosia a Virgin born at Tyre one that was a believer and a most modest maid not eighteen years old compleat approach't some prisoners who were Confessours of the Kingdom of Christ and sate before the Praetorium both to salute them amicably and also as 't is probable to request them that they would be mindfull of her when they came to the Lord. Having done this as if she had committed some nefarious and impious fact the Souldiers lay hold of her and carry her before the President He in regard he was a furious person and one of a most cruel temper of mind ordered that she should be cruciated with sharp and most horrid tortures and that her

rendred more magnificent by Gregorius Bishop of that place These things were done there because from that time God would honour the pious memories of his Saints For the impious and destructive Julian that Tyrant hatefull to God in regard Apollo Daphnaeus who made use of Castalia for a voice and an Oracle could not give any answer to the Emperour consulting his Oracle because the holy Babylas his near-neighbour had quite stopped up his mouth against his will and forc't thereto by stripes as it were honoured the Saint with a removall at which time a spacious Church was erected to him before the City which structure continues standing at this day to the intent that the Daemons might in future freely perform their own business according as 't is reported they had before-hand promised Julian This affair therefore was by the dispensation of God our Saviour ordered in this manner to the end that the power of those who had suffered Martyrdome might be made manifest and that the sacred reliques of the holy Martyr removed into an undefiled place might be honoured with a most beautifull Church CHAP. XVII Concerning Attila King of the Scythae and how he destroyed the Provinces of the East and West And concerning the strange Earthquake and other dreadfull prodigies which hapned in the world IN these very times that much-talk't-of War was raised by Attila King of the Scythae Which war Priscus the Rhetorician has written with much accuracy and eloquence relating to us in a singular neatness and elegancy of stile how he undertook an Expedition against the Eastern and Western parts of the Empire how many and how great Cities he took and reduced to a subjection to himself and lastly after the performance of what great Actions he departed out of this life Whilest the same Theodosius swayed the Imperial Scepter a most terrible and horrid Earthquake which exceeded all others that had been before hapned almost throughout the whole world In so much that many Towers belonging to the Imperial City Constantinople fell down flat and that called the Long-wall of Cherronesus fell likewise the earth also was rent in sunder and many Villages sank down into it Moreover many and almost innumerable calamitous Accidents hapned both at Land and Sea For some Fountains were wholly dryed up and in other places abundance of water gushed forth where there had been none before Trees of themselves vastly rooted were thrown up into the air together with their roots And many heaps of earth were on a sudden made up into mountains The Sea threw forth dead fishes upon its shore and many Islands therein were swallowed up Ships making their Voyages at Sea were seen upon dry ground the waters having receded and left them Many places in Bithynia in the Hellespont and in both The Phrygias were sorely damnified This calamity raged over the whole earth for some time notwithstanding it continued not with that vehemency wherewith it began but abated by small degrees till such time as it wholly ceased CHAP. XVIII Concerning the publick Buildings in Antioch and who they were that erected them IN these very times of Theodosius's Reign Memnonius Zoïlus and Callistus Personages eminent for their profession of our Religion were sent by Theodosius to be Governours of Antioch Memnonius with much of beauty and accuracy raises from the very ground that Aedifice which by us also is termed the Psephium leaving an open Atrium or Court in the middle Zoïlus built the Royâll Pôrticus which is placed at the South-side of Rufinus his Porticus and retaines his name even to our age although the buildings have frequently been altered on account of various calamitous accidents Moreover Callistus has raised a most magnificent and splendid structure which as well the Ancients as those of our Age have termed Callistus's Porticus before that Pallace which is made the Court of Judicature directly opposite to the Forum in which there is a most beautifull house the Praetorium of the Masters of the Milice After these persons Anatolius being sent Master of the Milice into the East built that termed Anatolius's Porticus and beautified it with matter of all sorts These Remarks though they are forreign to our design in hand yet will not seem unhandsome and contemptible to lovers of Learning CHAP. XIX Concerning the severall Wars which hapned both in Italy and Persia during the Reign of Theodosius DUring the times of the same Theodosius frequent Rebellions hapned in Europe whilest Valentinianus was Emperour of Rome Which Theodosius repressed by sending great Forces both by Land and Sea which made up as well a Foot Army as a Navall strength Moreover he vanquished the Persians who were grown insolent Isdigerdes Father to Vararanes being then their King or as Socrates's Sentiment is during the Reign of Vararanes himself in such a manner that on their request to him by their Embassadours he gratified them with a Peace which lasted untill the twelfth year of Anastasius's Reign These transactions have been related by other Writers and are also very handsomely reduced into an Epitome by Eustathius the Syrian of Epiphania who has likewise written The Siege of Amida At the same time as 't is said the Poets Claudianus and Cyrus flourished Further this Cyrus arrived at the highest Chair of the Praefects which grand Officer our Ancestours termed The Praefectus Praetorio or Praefect of the Court He was also Master of the Western Milice at which time Carthage was taken by the Vandalls those Barbarians being then governed by Genserichus CHAP. XX. Concerning the Empress Eudocia and her daughter Eudoxia and how Eudocia came to Antioch and went to Jerusalem MOreover this Theodosius married Eudocia after she had received salutary Baptism by originall extract an Athenian a woman eloquent and beautifull by the mediation of Pulcheria Augusta his sister By her Theodosius had a daughter by name Eudoxia whom when she afterwards came to be marriageable the Emperour Valentinianus married having on that account gone from the Elder Rome and arrived at Constantinople But a long time after this Eudocia in her journey which she made to the Holy City of Christ our God comes hither And having made an Oration in publick to the people here she closed her Speech with this Verse I boast that I am of Your Stock and Bloud Intimating thereby the Colonies which had been sent hither out of Greece If any one be desirous of having an exact account of these Colonies Strabo the Geographer Phlegon Diodorus Siculus Arrianus and Pisander the Poet have written concerning them with great accuracy as have also Ulpianus Libanius and Julianus all most incomparable Sophist● On which account the Antiochians at that time honoured her with a Statue artificially made of Brass which Statue continues standing at this day By her perswasion Theodosius made a very

the sincere authority of the divine Scriptures are most remote from the faith Hence 't is that they have impudently laid their hands upon the divine Scriptures saying they ought to be corrected he that is desirous may be informed that I speak not this falsely of them For would any one examine the Copies which they have gotten together and compare them one with another he would find that they disagreed very much For the Copies of Asclepiadotus agree not with those of Theodotus Many such Copies as these may be procured because their disciples have with much labour and curiosity written the corrections as they call them that is the corruptions of every one of their Masters Again the Copies of Hermophilus agree not with these now mentioned and those of Apollonides differ one from another For he that shall compare them will find that those Copies first put forth by him doe very much disagree from his other Copies which he did afterwards again wrest and deform How much of audaciousness there is in this wicked fact 't is probable they themselves are not ignorant for either they doe not believe the divine Scriptures to have been dictated by the holy Spirit and then they are Infidels or else they account themselves wiser then the holy Ghost and what are they then but mad-men For they cannot deny this audacious fact to have been done by their own selves because the Copies have been written out by their own hands Neither did they receive such Copies as these from those who were their instructours nor yet can they shew the Copies out of which they transcribed these things But some of them have not indeed vouchsafed to adulterate the Scriptures but having wholly rejected both the Law and the Prophets by a Lawless and Atheistical doctrine under a pretext of Grace they are fallen into the deepest pit of destruction And let thus much be after this manner related concerning these things THE SIXTH BOOK OF THE Ecclesiastical History OF EUSEBIUS PAMPHILUS CHAP. I. Concerning the Persecution under Severus MOreover when Severus stirr'd up Persecution against the Churches in every place throughout all the Churches noble Martyrdoms were perform'd by the Champions of Religion but the number of the Martyrs at Alexandria far exceeded the rest the choicest of the Champions having been conveyed thither out of all Egypt and Thebaïs as to the noblest stadium of God who in reward of their most patient suffering divers sorts of Torments and several ways of death were encircled with crowns from God amongst whom Leonides said to be the father of Origen was beheaded and left his son very young And here 't will not be unseasonable briefly to relate what zeal and affection he bore to the Gospel from this time of his childhood and for this reason especially because his fame is much celebrated by all men CHAP. II. Concerning Origens virtuous course of life from a Child NOw should any one undertake accurately and at his leisure to commit to writing this man's life he must say much and a strict collection of all passages concerning him would require even a particular Subject but our aim at present is to abbreviate most things and in short and as well as we can we will give an account of some few passages concerning him relating what things have been manifested by some Epistles or by the discourse of those his Scholars who were alive till our times The passages concerning Origen as one would say even from his Cradle seem to me worth remembrance Severus therefore being in the tenth year of his Reign and Laetus being Governour of Alexandria and the rest of Aegypt Demetrius also having lately taken upon him the Episcopal Office over the Churches there after Julianus when the flame of Persecution now raged grievously and many thousands were Crown'd with Martyrdom such a desire of Martyrdom possess'd the soul of Origen being yet very young that he would expose himself to dangers and was very ready and willing to rush forward and leap into the combate so that now he was not far from death had not the Divine and Celestial providence for the good of many hindred and restrained his willingness to die by his mothers meanes First therefore she intreated him like a Suppliant and beseech't him to take pitty of her motherly love but when she saw him more intent upon his purpose and when he understood his father was apprehended and imprison'd he was wholly possess'd with a desire of Martyrdom wherefore she hid all his cloathes and by this meanes necessitated him to abide at home but he seeing he had no way left the alacrity of his mind surmounting the ripeness of his years could not be at rest but compos'd a most perswasive Epistle concerning Martyrdom and sends it to his father in which he thus exhorts him word for word saying Father take heed let not your care for us make you change your resolution Let this be noted as the first token of Origen's acuteness of wit from his childhood and of his most sincere zeal for Religion For he had already got no small stock of knowledge in the doctrine of the faith continuing whilst he was yet a child to exercise himself in searching the holy Scriptures about which he was not a little laborious his father having taken great care both in instructing him in the Liberal Sciences and also in these not slightly wherefore he always perswaded him to exercise himself in the study of holy things rather than in the Learning of the Greeks enjoyning it him as a daily task to learn something by heart out of Scripture and repeat it nor was the child unwilling or slack in the performance but most cheerfully laboured in these things so that the simple and common readings of the sacred Scriptures could not satisfie him but he would search after something more and even from that time busily enquired into the more profound meanings thereof Insomuch that he troubled his father by asking him what was the true meaning of such a sentence of Scripture inspir'd by God He seemingly before his face reprov'd him admonishing him not to search into any thing above the capacity of his years nor to enquire any further then the plain meaning of Scripture But he privately with himself rejoyc'd exceedingly and gave the greatest thanks to God the Authour of all good that he youchsaf'd to make him the father of such a child and 't is reported he has often stood by the child as he slept and laying his breast bare would kiss it with reverence as if the sacred Spirit of God had been inshrin'd in it and accounted himself blessed for his happy off-spring These and such like they record were the passages concerning Origen in his childhood But when his father was now crowned with Martyrdom he is left desolate together with his mother and younger brothers six in number being no more then seventeen years of age Moreover his