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A54171 A letter from William Penn, poprietary and governour of Pennsylvania in America, to the Committee of the Free Society of Traders of that province residing in London containing a general description of the said province, its soil, air, water, seasons, and produce ... of the natives, or, aborigines, their language, customs, and manners ... of the first planters, the Dutch &c. ... to which is added an account of the city of Philadelphia ... Penn, William, 1644-1718. 1683 (1683) Wing P1319; ESTC R24455 18,105 16

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but great appearance of Joy In the Fall when the Corn cometh in they begin to feast one another there have been two great Festivals already to which all come that will I was at one my self their Entertainment was a green Seat by a Spring under some shady Trees and twenty Bucks with hot Cakes of new Corn both Wheat and Beans which they make up in a square form in the leaves of the Stem and bake them in the Ashes And after that they fell to Dance But they that go must carry a small Present in their Money it may be six Pence which is made of the Bone of a Fish the black is with them as Gold the white Silver they call it all Wampum XXII Their Government is by Kings which they call Sachema and those by Succession but always of the Mothers side for Instance the Children of him that is now King will not succeed but his Brother by the Mother or the Children of his Sister whose Sons and after them the Children of her Daughters will reign for no Woman inherits the Reason they render for this way of Descent is that their Issue may not be spurious XXIII Every King hath his Council and that consists of all the Old and Wise men of his Nation which perhaps is two hundred People nothing of Moment is undertaken be it War Peace Selling of Land or Traffick without advising with them and which is more with the Young Men too 'T is admirable to consider how Powerful the Kings are and yet how they move by the Breath of their People I have had occasion to be in Council with them upon Treaties for Land and to adjust the terms of Trade their Order is thus The King sits in the middle of an half Moon and hath his Council the Old and Wise on each hand behind them or at a little distance sit the younger Fry in the same figure Having consulted and resolved their business the King ordered one of them to speak to me he stood up came to me and in the Name of his King saluted me then took me by the hand and told me That he was ordered by his King to speak to me and that now it was not he but the King that spoke because what he should say was the King's mind He first pray'd me To excuse them that they had not complyed with me the last time he feared there might be some fault in the Interpreter being neither Indian nor English besides it was the Indian Custom to d●liberate and take up much time in Council before they resolve and that if the Young People and Owners of the Land had been as ready as he I had not met with so much delay Having thus introduced his matter he fell to the Bounds of the Land they had agreed to dispose of and the Price which now is little and dear that which would have bought twenty Miles not buying now two During the time that this Person spoke not a man of them was observed to whisper or smile the Old Grave the Young Reverend in their Deportment they do speak little but fervently and with Elegancy I have never seen more natural Sagacity considering them without the help I was a going to say the spoil of Tradition and he will deserve the Name of Wise that Out-wits them in any Treaty about a thing they understand When the Purchase was agreed great Promises past between us of Kindness and good Neighbourhood and that the Indians and English must live in Love as long as the Sun gave light Which done another made a Speech to the Indians in the Name of all the Sachamakers or Kings first to tell them what was done next to charge and command them To Love the Christians and particularly live in Peace with me and the People under my Government That many Governours had been in the River but that no Governour had come himself to live and stay here before and having now such a one that had treated them well they should never do him or his any wrong At every sentence of which they shouted and said Amen in their way XXIV The Justice they have is Pecuniary In case of any Wrong or evil Fact be it Murther it self they Attone by Feasts and Presents of their Wampon which is proportioned to the quality of the Offence or Person injured or of the Sex they are of for in case they kill a Woman they pay double and the Reason they render is That she breedeth Children which Men cannot do 'T is rare that they fall out if Sober and if Drunk they forgive it saying It was the Drink and not the Man that abused them XXV We have agreed that in all Differences between us Six of each side shall end the matter Don't abuse them but let them have Justice and you win them The worst is that they are the worse for the Christians who have propagated their Vices and yielded them Tradition for ill and not for good things But as low an Ebb as they are at and as glorious as their Condition looks the Christians have not out-liv'd their sight with all their Pretensions to an higher Manifestation Wha● good then might not a good People graft where there is so distinct a Knowledge left between Good and Evil I beseech God to incline the Hearts of all that come into these parts to out-live the Knowledge of the Natives by a fixt Obedience to their greater Knowledge of the Will of God for it were miserable indeed for us to fall under the just censure of the poor Indian Conscience while we make profession of things so far transcending XXVI For their Original I am ready to believe them of the Jewish Race I mean of the stock of the Ten Tribes and that for the following Reasons first They were to go to a Land not planted or known which to be sure Asia and Africa were if not Europe and he that intended that extraordinary Judgment upon them might make the Passage not uneasie to them as it is not impossible in it self from the Easter-most parts of Asia to the Wester-most of America In the next place I find them of like Countenance and their Children of so lively Resemblance that a man would think himself in Dukes-place or Berry-street in London when he seeth them But this is not all they agree in Rites they reckon by Moons they offer their first Fruits they have a kind of Feast of Tabernacles they are said to lay their Altar upon twelve Stones their Mourning a year Customs of Women with many things that do not now occur So much for the Natives next the Old Planters will be considered in this Relation before I come to our Colony and the Concerns of it XXVII The first Planters in these parts were the Dutch and soon after them the Sweeds and Finns The Dutch applied themselves to Traffick the Sweeds and Finns to Husbandry There were some Disputes between them some years the Dutch looking upon