Selected quad for the lemma: woman_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
woman_n	bring_v	child_n	womb_n	1,623	5	9.4186	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A58175	Observations topographical, moral, & physiological made in a journey through part of the low-countries, Germany, Italy, and France with a catalogue of plants not native of England, found spontaneously growing in those parts, and their virtues / by John Ray ... ; whereunto is added a brief account of Francis Willughby, Esq., his voyage through a great part of Spain.	Ray, John, 1627-1705.; Willughby, Francis, 1635-1672. Catalogus stirpium in exteris regionibus.	1673 (1673)	Wing R399; ESTC R5715	378,219	735

evils the State is necessitated to give them public toleration and protection As for masculine venery and other works of darkness I shall not charge the Italians with them as not having sufficient ground so to do and because as Barclay saith Haec scelera tenebris damnata negari faciliùs à consciis possunt ab aemulis fingi 3. Jealousie which strangely possesses this people so that for every little suspicion they will shut up their wives in a chamber and carry the key with them not suffering them to stir abroad unless themselves accompany them To salute an Italians wife with a kiss is a stabbing matter and to call a man cornuto or Cuckold in good earnest is the greatest affront or disgrace you can put upon him The married women in Italy by this means have but bad lives being for the most part confined to their houses except when they go to Church and then they have an old woman attending them the doors of their houses shut up at dinner and supper all visits and familiar discourses with men denied them neither can they speak or smile without suspicion one reason of this among others may be because the husbands knowing themselves to be so dishonest and false to their wives they presume that had they opportunity they would not be more true to them And yet for all this guarding and circumspection are not the Italian Dames more uncorrupt than the matrons of other Nations but find means to deceive their husbands and be dishonest in spight of jealousie To these I might add Swearing which is so ordinary among all sorts the Priests and Monks themselves scarce abstaining from oaths that I believe they account it no sin It is a general custom all over Italy to sleep an hour or two after dinner in Summer time so that from two of the clock till four in the afternoon you shall scarce see any body stirring about the streets of the Cities Indeed if one sits still it is very hard to keep his eyes open at that time Either this custom did not prevail when the School of Salerno wrote their Physic precepts or that direction Sit brevis ant nullus tibi somnus meridianus was calculated for England to whose King that Book was dedicated And yet the Italian Physicians still advise people either not to sleep at all after dinner or if they must sleep to strip off their cloths and go to bed or only to take a nod in a chair sitting In many Cities of Italy are Hospitals where Pilgrims and poor travellers are entertained and have their diet and lodging for three days if they have reason to stay so long gratis besides a piece of mony when they go away There are also Hospitals to receive exposed children if I may so term them that is any without exception that shall be brought and put in at a grate on purpose whither upon ringing of a bell an Officer comes presently and receives the child and asking the party that brought it whether it hath been baptized carries it to a nurse to give it suck and there it is maintained till it be grown up The place where it is put in is so strait as to admit only children new born or very young This I look upon as a good institution in great Cities taking away from women the temptation of murthering their new-born children or destroying their conceptions in the womb to hide their shame I know what may be objected against it viz. that it emboldens them to play the wantons having so fair a way of concealing it Sed ex malis minimum In Rome Venice and some other Cities of Italy they have a way of exercising charity little used among us Several Confraternities of well-disposed persons raise sums of mony by a free contribution among themselves which they bestow yearly in portions for the marrying of poor maids which else might want husbands and be tempted to dishonest practises to maintain themselves This I look upon as well-plac'd alms and worthy the imitation it being very convenient and in a manner necessary that new-married people should have somewhat to furnish their houses and begin the world with and no less fitting that young persons should be encouraged to marry as well for multiplying of people wherein the strength of the Commonwealth chiefly consists as for the preventing those evils to which young and single persons are strongly tempted and inclined It is troublesome thing to travel with fire-arms in Italy you being forc'd in most Cities to leave them at the gate with the Guard who give you a tally or token and when you Leave the City you bring your tally and receive your arms This is done to prevent assaults and murthers which are so frequent in many Cities of Italy For this the G. Duke of Tuscany is much to be commended there being no such muthers and outrages committed in any of the Cities under his dominion as in other places so diliegent is he in searching out and severe in punishing Bravo's Cut-throats Assassins and such kind of malefactors As much might be said for the Pope in the City of Rome but in other Cities in his Territories there is killing enough When you depart from any City you must be sure to take a bill of health out of the Office that is kept every where for that purpose without which you can hardly get to be admitted into another City especially if it be in the Territory of another Prince or State If any one comes from an infected or suspected place he is forced to keep his Quarantain as they call it that is be shut up in the Lazaretto or Pest-house 40 days before he be permitted to come into the City So scrupulously careful are they to prevent Contagion In Rome and other Cities of Italy we have often observed many labourers that wanted work standing in the market places to be hired whither people that want help usually go and bargain with them Which custom illustrates that Parable of our Saviour recorded in the beginning of the 20th Chapter of S. Matthew's Gospel wherein the housholder is said to go out about the third hour and see others standing in the market-place ver 3. and in ver 6. he is said to find others about the eleventh hour and to say to them why stand ye heer all the day idle and ver 7. they answer because no man hath hired us In Italy and other hot Countreys so soon as they have cut down their corn they thresh and winnow it usually or at least a great part of it on a floor made in the open air before they bring it into the house Hence in the Scripture we read of threshing floors as open places without roof or cover Such I suppose was that where Boaz winnowed barley Ruth 3. 3. Neither is it any wonder that he should lie there all night for at Aleppo and even in Malta in Summer time they set their beds upon the roofs of

from whence acid Water is brought hither which they mingle with their Wine and drink as at other places By the Inhabitants of this and other Imperial Cities especially the Women are many different sorts of Habits used July 31. we left Strasburgh and began our Journey towards Basil travelling as far as Tivelsheim a Village under the Bishop of Strasburgh some two miles and half August 1. after three miles riding forward we passed through a small walled Town belonging to the same Bishop called Marklesheim Two miles further we rode in sight of Brisach a Town seated on a Rock by the Rhene side a place of great Strength and Importance much contended for in the late Wars It is now in the French hands as is all Alsatia almost to the Walls of Basil and after two other miles we came to a Village called Lodesheim pleasantly situate in a large Plain where we lodged Aug. 2. we rode but one league and an half ere we arrived at Basil This City is large and fair the Houses being for the most part built of Stone tall and painted on the out side It is compassed about with a double Wall and Trench rich and populous built upon Hills so that which way soever you go you either ascend or descend The River Rhene divides it into two parts which are joined together by a Bridge of 14 Arches That part on the North side of the River is called Little Basil There are said to be 300 Fountains in this City scarce a Street or House of note but hath one It is one of the thirteen Cantons of Switzerland and hath in its Territory about 100 Villages It gives Title to a Bishop chosen by Canons who yet is not suffered to lodge in the Town one night He lives at Broudint keeps the State of a Temporal Prince and coins Money which is not current in Basil As to the Civil Government the Citizens are divided into 15 Tribes or Companies Each Company chuses 12 men by major Vote who are called Sexers because six of them only are regent at once viz. one six one year and the other six the next and so alternately These twelve Viri or Sexers chuse out of each Tribe two Tfunff-Masters or Tribuni Plebis for their Lives The Tribuni Plebis chuse two out of each Tribe who are called Senators Of these 60 and the four Heads two whereof are called Burgomasters and chosen by the Senators properly so called and two Tribuni Plebis or Tfunft-meisters and chosen by the Tribuni Plebis the lesser Council consists Both Burgomasters and Tfunft-meisters Tribunes and Senators rule alternately The old Senators or that half of the lesser Council which was in power the precedent year do first debate and agree upon any business of moment before it be propounded to the new Senate who afterwards confirm or reject as they please The Great Council which is assembled by the ordinary Council upon weighty occasions consists of all the Magistrates viz. The 12 Viri and all the lesser or ordinary Council The lesser Council Judges in criminal Causes In this City is an University founded by Pope Pius the Second The University-Senate consists of the seventeen Professors The Names of the present Professors in each Faculty now Anno 1663. are In DIVINITY Johannes Buxtorfius Professor Veteris Testamenti Linguae Hebraicae Joh. Rudolphus Wetstenius Professor N. Testamenti Lucas Kamlerus primarius Pastor Prof. Controversiarum In LAW Remigius Fechsius Pandectarum Prof. He has collected many Rarities Lucas Burchardus Cod. Prof. magnificus Rector Jacobus Brandmullerus Institut Prof. In MEDICINE Emmanuel Stupanus Med. Theor. Prof. Joh. C. Bauhinus pater Praxeos Prof. Hieronymus Bauhinus F. Anatomes Botanices Prof. Of these two the Father is the Son and the Son consequently the Grand-child of that famous Herbarist and Anatomist Caspar Bauhinus In PHILOSOPHY and Humane Literature Christophorus Fee●sius frater Remigii Histor Prof. Rheinhardus Iselius Ethic. Prof. Rudolphus Burchardus cognatus Lucae Mathem Prof. Mr. Henricus Keselbachius Phys Prof. Fridericus Burchardus Henrici patruus Orat. Eloq Prof. Samuel Burchardus Logicae Prof. cognatus caterorum Simon Bathienus Rhet. Prof. Joh. Zuingerus Gr. Linguae Prof. The Professors are to read every day in the week in Term-time except Thursdays and Sundays their Stipends are small and not a competent maintenance Here are no Doctors in Divinity created beside the Professors and some the condition of whose places require that Degree In Law they confer two Degrees Doctor and Licentiate in Medicine only Doctor in Philosophy Master and Batchelour The Ecclesiastical Government is by the three Professors of the first Faculty the four Scholarchae and all the Ministers When a Benefice happens to be vacant the Senate nominates three to it out of which the Ministers chuse one The City-Ministers have a certain Stipend in Money in the Countrey-Villages the Ministers have part of their Allowance in Tithes and part in Money No Minister before or after Imposition of hands is obliged by Oath or Promise to continue his Profession so long as he lives but may leave his Ministry when he pleases and betake himself to some other Calling This and all other the Protestant Cantons of Switzerland are of the Reformed Religion In this City Erasmus Rot. lived the latter part of his time and here he died and lies buried in the great Church where there is a fair Marble Monument erected to his Memory against a Pillar on the North side of the Communion-Table He founded and endowed a College in Basil wherein are maintained 20 persons eighteen whereof are to be Students in Divinity who may live there as long as they please provided they follow their Studies and continue unmarried only the Magistrates have a power to command them thence to another kind of life Of the other two one is a Bedel and the other a School-master Over this College there is a Regent without whose leave no Student may lodge out of the House one night Ten of the Students are to be Basileans and ten Strangers At the great Church is preserved Erasmus his Library called Bibliotheca Amberbachiana because Erasmus bequeathed it ●o Amberbachius by his last Will and Testament which we saw written with his own hand in half a Sheet of Paper Dated the 12. of February 1536. In this Library are preserved many good Pieces and Designs of Holbenius a famous Painter born in Basil A Box full of Diplomata given to Erasmus by the Pope Emperor and several Kings and Princes of Europe Erasmus his Seal and Ring A fair Gold Medal sent to Erasmus by the King of Poland Many antient and modern Coins and Medals Three Rappers i. e. small Pieces of Money of a mixt Metal not so big as a Silver Penny of the value of a Farthing turned into Gold by Leon. Turnitius a famous Alchymist of this place who turned the Nail at Florence Several antient Entaglie Many Papers of Amberbachius concerning

then the other people of Italy That they live more freely and in better circumstances then their neighbours themselves are sensible and thereupon so well affected to their Governours and studious to maintain their liberty that upon giving them a token by making a fire upon one of the towers all the Countreymen run presently to the City so that in 2 or 3 hours time they can have ready 30000 men in Arms And withal they are so couragious and stout that they seem to have no fear at all of the Duke of Tuscany their potent neighbour but told us that if their Governours would lead them they would not fear to march up to the very Gates of Florence That liberty doth naturally beget courage and valour and on the contrary slavery and oppression break and debase mens spirits is so clear in experience that I need not go about to prove it And yet were it not so it is no wonder that men who find themselves well at ease and have something to lose or are at least in a capacity of growing rich if not already so should be very loth to change their condition for a worse and stoutly defend themselves against any that should endeavour to bring them under the yoke whereas those that are oppressed and aggrieved having nothing to lose and being already in as bad a condition as they are like to be under any other Government must needs have little heart to fight for their Princes and be indifferent which way things go The women are not so strictly guarded and confined as in other Cities of Italy but walk up and down more freely They are many of them handsome and well-favoured and notwithstanding their liberty I think more modest then their neighbours in their habit and attire they imitate somewhat the French fashions This City is very vigilant and careful to preserve its liberty Though they have 3 Gates they permit strangers to enter in and go out only at one that so they may more easily know what number are in the City for fear of a surprise They permit none to walk about the streets so much as with a Sword unless he have license from the Antiani The Government is by a great Council of 160 annually chosen out of the Nobility the commons having no interest or share therein who must be all at least 25 years old nine Antiani and a Gonfaloniere The Antiani and Gonfaloniere are chosen anew every two months These are called the Signoria and must live in the Palace during the time of their office and authority They have a guard of Switzers in the Palace of about 80. The Gonfaloniere is the supreme officer yet hath little advantage above the rest more then his title and precedency and we were told that during his office he is exempted from all taxes and gabels which the Noblemen pay equally with the Commons The City is divided into 3 parts called Terzieri each Terziero hath its Arms or Banner called Gonfalone whence the name Gonfaloniere At the corners of each street are painted both the Arms and name of the Terziero and the Bulwark they are to defend Out of each Terziero are chosen by the Council three Antiani The public revenue is thought to be 100000 crowns per ann The Olives that grow in this territory are reputed the best in all Italy OF PISA PISA was formerly so long as it continued a Free-state or Common-wealth a rich populous potent and flourishing City but since it hath come under the Florentine yoke it is become poor weak and almost desolate notwithstanding all the endeavours the Dukes of Tuscany have used to invite and draw people thither by founding an University setting up an order of Knighthood and building an Exchange for Merchants there It is situate upon the River Arnus in a fenny level so that the air must needs be bad and unwholesome for such as are not born there The most remarkable things we took notice of in this City were 1. The Church of the Knights of S. Stephen an Order founded by Cosmus the first great Duke of Tuscany 2. The house of Bart●lus now made a College for Students in Law and Philosophy and thereon this Inscription Ferdinandus Medices magnus Dux Etr. III. bas aedes quas olim Bartolus Juris interpres celeberr incoluit nune renovatas instructas adolescentibus qui ad Philosophorum Juris consultorum Scholas missi publico urbium atque oppidorum suorum sumptu separatim alebantur publicae utilitati consulens addixit legèsque quibus in victu vestitu vitâque simul degendâ uterentur tulit Anno salutis MDLXXXXV 3. The Domo or Cathedral Church a sumptuous building or Marble having all the doors of brass curiously engraven a double isle on each side the Nave and two rows of Marble pillars adorned with stately Altars and rare Pictures the walls are hung round about with red Velvet the roof richly gilded On each side the high Altar is a Picture and under it an inscription explaining the history of it which because they contain two of the notablest adventures and successes of this City I thought it might not be amiss heer to insert I. Templum hoc ut auctae potontiae ac religionis insigne monumentum posteris extaret Pisanis ex Saracenorum spoliis captâ Panormo aedificatum an Sanctorum reliquiis è Palaestina usque advectis auctum Gelasius II. P. M. solenni pompa consecravit A. D. MCXIX II. Pascale II. P. M. autore Pisani classe 300 triremium Petro Arch. Pis duce Baleares insulas profligatis Saracenis in ditionem redigunt Christianóque nomini adjungunt captâque regia conjuge ac filio praeclaram victoriam illustri pióque triumpho exornarunt A. D. 1115. 4. The Baptisterium having in the middle a large marble Font like the Cistern of a Fountain with water continually running into it There is also a marble pulpit curiously carved 5. The burying place called the Campo Santo because made of earth brought out of the holy Land The earth is said to consume a body in 48 hours it is an oblong square encompassed with a broad Portico paved with Grave-stones and the walls painted 6. The Campanile or Steeple a large round tower of a considerable highth so very much enclining or seeming to encline or lean to one side that one would think it could not long stand upright but must needs fall that way I suppose it was on purpose built so at first one side being made perpendicular and the other enclining to deceive the sight though some say it sank after it was built and doth really incline 7. The Aqueduct of above 5000 arches begun by Cosmus and finished by Ferdinand I. great Dukes of Tuscany bringing water to the City from the mountains about 5 miles distant This water is so good that it is carried in flasks as far as Ligorn to sell 8. The Physic-garden at our there but meanly stored with simples From Pisa we went by boat to