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woman_n breast_n child_n milk_n 2,381 5 10.1992 5 true
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A15530 The arte of rhetorique for the vse of all suche as are studious of eloquence, sette forth in English, by Thomas Wilson. Wilson, Thomas, 1525?-1581.; Erasmus, Desiderius, d. 1536. Matrimonii encomium. English. 1553 (1553) STC 25799; ESTC S111753 195,532 268

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Therfore the reportyng of our tale may soone appere plaine if we firste expresse our mynde in plaine wordes and not seeke these rope ●ype termes whiche betraie rather a foole than commende a wyse man again if we orderly obserue circumstaunces tell one thyng after another from tyme to tyme not tumblyng one tale in an others necke tellyng halfe a tale and so leauyng it rawe hackyng hemmyng as though our wittes and our senses were a woll gatheryng Neither shoulde we suffer our tongue to runne before our witte but with much warenesse sette forthe our matter and speake our mynde euermore with iudgement We shal make our saiynges appere lykely and probable Yf we speake directely as the cause requireth if wee showe the very purpose of al the deuise frame our inuencion accordyng as we shal thynke them most willyng to allowe it that haue the hearyng of it The Narration reported in matters of iudgement shall seeme to stande with reason if wee make our talke to agree with the place tyme thyng and persone if we shall showe that whatsoeuer we say the same by al likelyhodes is true if our coniectures tookens reasons argumentes be suche that neither in them there appere any fablyng nor yet that any thyng was spoken whiche might of right otherwyse be taken and that wee not onely speake this but that diuers other of good creditie will stande with vs in defense of the same all whiche reportyng may sone bee lyked and the tale so tolde may be thougt very reasonable Yea we shall make our doynges seme reasonable if we frame our worke to natures wil and seke none other meanes but suche onely as the honest and wyse haue euer vsed and allowed bryngyng in and blamyng the euil alwaies for suche faultes chiefely wherunto thei most of al are like to be subiect ▪ as to accuse a spend al of thefte a whoremunger of adulterie a rash quareller of manslaughter so of other Sometimes it is good and profitable to be merie and pleasaunt in reportyng a matter against some maner of man and in some cause For neither against all men that offend nor yet against all matters shoulde the wittie alwaies vse iestyng And nowe for those that shall tel their mynde in the other kyndes of Oratorie as in the kynde Demonstratiue Deliberatiue in exhortyng or perswadyng the learned haue thought meete that they must also cal the whole summe of their matter to one especial poincte that the rather the hearers may better perceiue whereat they leauel al their reasons As if a Clarke do take in hande to declare Goddes hest he will after his Enteraunce tell what thyng is chiefely purposed in that place and nexte after showe other thynges annexed thereunto whereby not onely the hearers may g●tte great learnyng and take muche profite of his doctrine but he hym self may knowe the better what to say what order to vse and when to make an ende Some do vse after the literal sense to gather a misticall vnderstandyng and to expounde the saiynges spiritually makyng their Narration altogether of thynges heauenly Some rehersing a texte particularly spokē applie thesame generally vnto all states enlargyng the Narration moste Godly by comparyng wordes long agoe spoken with thynges and matters that are presently done Notwithstanding the auncient fathers because they did onely expounde the Scriptures for the moste parte made no artificiall Narration but vsed to folowe suche order as the plaine text gaue theim So that if euery sentence were plainely ▪ opened to the hearers they went not muche farther sauyng that when any worde gaue them occasion to speake of some vice they woulde largely saie their mynde in that behaulfe As Chrisostome and Basile haue done with other The ware markyng and heedie obseruacion of tyme place and person may teache al menne that be not past teachyng howe to frame their Narration in all Controuersies that are called in Question and therfore when presente occasion shall geue good instruction what neede more lessons And especially seeyng nature teacheth what is comely and what is not comely for all tymes Yea what tell I nowe of suche lessons seeyng GOD hath raised suche worthe Preachers in this our tyme that their Godly and learned dooynges may be a moste iuste example for al other to folowe aswell for their lyuyng as for their learnyng I feare me the preceptes are more in nōber than wil be wel kepte or folowed this yeare ¶ Of Diuision AFter our tale is told and the hearers haue wel learned what wee meane the nexte is to reporte wherein the aduersarie and wee cannot agree and what it is wherin we do agree And then to part out suche principall poinctes whereof we purpose fully to debate and laie theim out to be knowen that the hearers may plainely see what we wil say and perceiue at a worde the substaunce of our meanyng Now Tullie would not haue a deuision to be made of or aboue thre partes at the most nor yet lesse than thre neither if nede so require for if we haue thre chief groūdes wherupon to rest appliyng al our argumentes therūto we shal bothe haue matter enough to speake of the hearers shal with ease vnderstād our meanyng the whole Oratiō shal sone be it at an end Notwithstandyng this lesson must not so curiouslie be kepte as though it were synne to make the diuision of fower or fyue partes but it was spoken for this ende that the diuision shoulde be made of as fewe as may be possible that menne may the better carie it away and the reporter with more ease maie remember what he hath to saie Nowe in praisyng or dispraisyng in perswadyng or disswadyng diuisions muste also be vsed As if one woulde enueighe against those women that will not geue their owne chidren sucke he might vse this deuision Where as women commonly put their children furthe to nursyng I will first proue that it is bothe against the lawe of nature and also against Goddes holie wil Againe I wil showe that it is harmefull bothe for the childes bodie and also for his witte lastly I wil proue that the mother selfe falleth into muche sickenesse thereby First nature geueth milke to the woman for none other ende but that she shoulde bestowe it vpon her childe And we see beastes feede there youngones and why shoulde not women GOD also commaundeth all women to bryng vp their children Againe the childrens bodies shalbe so affected as the milke is whiche they receyue Nowe if the Nurse be of an euil complexion or haue some hidde disease the childe suckyng of her brest muste needes take parte with her And if that be true whiche the learned doe saie that the temperature of the mynde folowes the constitucion of the bodie needes must it be that if the Nurse be of a naughtie nature the childe muste take thereafter But be it the Nurse be of a good complexion of an honest behauiour
whereas contrary wyse Maydens that haue made a scape are commonly called to bee Nurses yet can it not bee but that the mothers mylke shoulde be muche more naturall for the childe than the mylke of a straunger As by experience let a man be long vsed to one kynde of drynke if the same man chaunge his ayre and his drynke he is lyke to mislyke it Lastely for the mothers howe are they troubled with sore brestes besydes other diseases that happen throughe plentie of mylke ▪ the whiche Phisicians can tell and women full ofte haue felte Lykewyse in speakyng of fastyng I might vse this diuision Firste 〈…〉 godly to fast because the spirite is more free and ap●er for any good worke Again it is wholesome because thereby euill humours are waisted and many diseases either clerely put awaie or muche abated of their tira●nie Lastly it is profitable because men spende lesse money the lesse bankequetyng that thei vse Therfore if men loue either to be wise godly healthfull or wealthy let thē vse fastyng forbeare excesse Now vpon a diuision there might also be made a subdiuision as where I saie it is godly to fast I might diuide go●linesse into the hearyng of Goddes worde into pra●yng ●●uoutly and charitable dealyng with all the worlde Again speakyng of healthe I mighte saie that the whole body is not onely more Iustie with moderate fastyng but al so more apte for al assaies The learned man studieth better when he fasteth then when he is full The coūsailor heareth causes with lesse pain beyng emptie then he shalbe able after a full gorge Again whereas the fiue senses bryng vs to the knowleg● of many thynges the more apte that euery one is the mo●e pleasure thei bryng euer with thē The iyes se more clerely the eares heare more quickely the tōgue rouleth more roūdly and tasteth thinges better and the nose smelleth euill sauours the soner Philosophie is diuided into the knowlege of thynges naturall thynges morall and into that arte whiche by reason findeth out the truthe commonly called Logique Nowe of these three partes of Philosophie I might make other thre subdiuisions and largely set them out But these maie suffice for this tyme. ¶ Of Proposicions QUintilian willeth that streight and immediatly after the Narracion there should also be vsed suche sentences as might bee full of pithe and contein 〈◊〉 thē the substance of muche matter the rather that the hearers maie be stirred vpō the only report of some sentencious saiyng or weightie text in the law As in speakyng largely against extorciō one might after his reasons applied to the purpose bryng in a pithie and sentencious proposicion as thus Those handes are euill that scratche out the iyes and what other dooe thei that by force robbe their Christian brethrē Wo be to that realme where might outgoeth right Or thus whē rage doth rule and reason doeth waite what good mā can hope to liue long in rest Also an act of a realme maie wel serue to make a proposicion As thus The lawe is plain that man shall dye as an offendour whatsoeuer he bee thatbreaketh vp another mannes house and seketh by spoyle to vndo his neighbour Now here is no man● that doubteth but that thou hast doen this deede therfore what nedes any more but that thou muste suffer accordyng to the lawe In diuidyng a matter proposiciōs are vsed and orderly applied for the better setting furth of the cause As if I should speke of thankfulnesse I might first shewe what is thankfulnesse next how nedefull it is and last how commendable and profitable it is vniuersally Thankfulnesse is a kynde of remēbryng good will shewed and an earnest desire to requi●e the same Without thankfulnesse no man would do for another The brute beastes haue these properties and therefore man cannot want thē without his greate rebuke Some proposicions are plain spoken without any cause or reason added therunto As thus I haue charged this man with felony as you haue hard but he denieth it therfore iudge you it I pray you Sometymes a cause is added after the allegyng of a proposiciō As thus I haue accused this man of felonie because he tooke my pursse by the high waie side and therfore I call for iustice Thus proposicions might bee gathered nexte and immediately after the rehersall of any cause and beautifie muche the matter beyng either alleged with the cause annexed or els beyng plainly spoken without geuyng any reason to it at all ¶ Of confirmacion in matters of iudgement WHen we haue declared the chief poynctes wherevnto wee purpose to referre all our reasons wee muste heape matter and finde out argumentes to confirme thesame to the outermoste of our power makyng firste the strongest reasons that wee can and nexte after gatheryng all probable causes together that beeyng in one heape thei maie seme strong and of greate weighte And whatsoeuer the aduersarie hath said against vs to answere thereunto as tyme and place beste maie serue That if his reasons be light and more good maie bee doen in confutyng his then in confirmyng our awne it were best of all to sette vpon hym and putte awaie by arte all that he hath fondely saied without witte For prouyng the matter and searchyng out the substaunce or nature of the cause the places of Logique muste helpe to sette it forward But when the persone shalbe touched and not the matter we must seke els where and gather these places together i. The name ii The maner of liuyng iij. Of what house he is of what countre and of what yeres iiij The wealthe of the man v. His behauiour or daily enuryng with thynges vi What nature he hath vij Whereunto he is moste geuen viij What he purposeth frō tyme to tyme. ix What he hath doen heretofore x. What hath befaulne vnto hym heretofore xi What he hath confessed or what he hath to saie for hymself IN well examinyng of all these matters muche maie be said greate likelihodes maie be gathered either to or fro the whiche places I vsed heretofore when I spake of matters in iudgement against the accused souldiour Now in triyng the truth by reasons gathered of the matter we must first marke what was doen at that time by the suspected persone when suche and suche offences wer committed Yea what he did before this acte was dooen Again the tyme muste bee marked the place the maner of doyng and what hart he bare hym As thoportunitie of doyng and the power he had to do this deede The whiche all sette together that either acquitte him or finde him giltee These argumentes serue to confirme a matter in iudgement for any hainous offence But in the other causes which are occupied either in praisyng or dispraisyng in perswadyng or diswadyng the places of confirmacion be suche as are before rehersed as when wee commende a thyng to proue it thus Honest to be doen. Profitable Easie. Necessarie And so of other in like