And further it commeth to passe not onely that the seedie moysture is drawen from the partes of the bodie through carnall copulation but also the vitall spirites passe out of the arteries with the same And therefore it is no â—â—arucile if such as vse lecherie immoderatly become weake both these being taken from the bodie that is to saye the seedie moysture and the vitall spirite VVhereunto may be added the pleasure of Venus which of it selfe is able to vnloose the vitall firâ—itie of the bodie Yea it is knowen that some haue dyed of too much pleasure in the act Marsilius Ficinus in his booke de Sanitate tuenda Cap. 7. confirmeth in these words aâ—l that hath been hitherto said Venus saith he if it do but little exceede the powers naturall of the bodie presently it exhausteth the spirites and specially those that are most subâ—ile Also it enfeebleth the braine weakneth the stomack and hart-strings yea there cannot be a more hurtfull thing to the witt and memorie VVhy did Hippo. iudge Coitum to be like the falling sicknesse but bâ—cause it woundeth the minde which is diuiâ—e and heauenly The immoderate vse of ust is so hurtfull that as Auicen sayeth in his boode de Animalibus If but a little seede issue foorth more than nature can afoorde it offendeth more than if fouâ—tietimes so much bloud had proceedâ—d And therefore not without some good grounde dâ—d the auncient wâ—iters immagine the nine Muses and Minerua her selfe to be vi giâ—s Reâ—d moâ—e hereof in Galen Chap. 86. Artis Medicinae Pauli Aegnieta lib. 1. Chap. 35. In Aetius lib. 3. Chap. 8. The seuenâ—eenth impediment is long continuance of a disease wherewith the strength of the bodie being wearied a long tract of time the same cannot nowe tolleraâ—e bâ—eeding And forasmuch as now the bodie is more than inongh enfeebled brought lowe thorough a long continuing and languishing sicknesse by bleeding wee maye more easily quite extinguish the patient than remedie the disease Galen de Curand ratio per sanguia missio Chap. 20 And Auicen confirme the same giuing aduiâ—e to forbeare opening of a veine in bodies which haue endured long griefes except corruption of bloud moue vnto it In which case sometime bloud may be detracted from persons that haue continued sicke of long time And Fuchsius councelleth saying People in consumption oâ—de folke weomen with chiâ—de yong chiâ—dâ—en are not lightly to bleede The nineteenth impediment is small quantitie of humors being in the bodie for a good consideration is to be had how the humors offend in the bodie in quantitie or in qualitie VVhether there be many or fewe humors in the pacient And therefore sometime vpon this ground wee open a veine in weomen with child if there be abundance of bloud sufficient both for the mother and the infant in the wombe if the bodily strength be firme and that the greatnes of the disease in them so require it But hereof more at large I meane to write in another place And agâ—ine beside the quantitie the diuersitie of nature in humors is also a profitable consideration in this practise For euen according to the varietie of humors the patient is oft either to be let bloud or not letteÌ„ bloud which Galen seemeth to witnesse li. 4. de Sanita tuend saying Some humors come to perfect nutriment before the bloud some are as it were halfe concocted some altogether rawe and vndigested Some are but little different from the forme of bloud some are wholly changed into bloud some verie litle some more some verie much VVhen humors are a verie little as it were from the nature of bloud as not yet turned into the same or when they haue a verie little exceeded further than the nature of bloud wee may confidently open a veine VVhen the same is more than a verie little either the one way or the other on this side or beyond wee are to deale herein more considerately If the humors want much of or exceed much beyond the nature of blond we are altogether to forbeare bleeding The twentieth let after the small quantitie of the other humors may be the quantitie of the bloud which the wise Phisition in this practise will most wisely regard As for example if there be little good bloud in the body and abundance of other humors wee are to make staie from opening a veine If any of the other three humors be but litle in quantitie and the bloud abundant we may boldly let bloud Yea by diligent obseruation the Phlebotomer shall easily perceiue what hurtfull humor may be withdrawen with the bloud and therfore if there be many cholerike humors in the body of man and yet not mixt with the bloud or that there be many flegmatike and rawe humors and but little bloud by no meanes is a veine to be opened This doth Anicen forbid in quarta primi Cap. 20. If the bloud be good and little and that there be in the same bodie many ill humors also bleeding taketh away the good and leaueth the bad behind And a little after he addeth that the Phisition is diligently to beware lest by vnskilful bleeding in these cases hee bring the patient after he hath extracted the bloud the ill humors still remaining to an excessiue heat of cholericke humors or too much cruditie of colde and vndigested humors And although as ye haue heard before Phlebotomy doth equally euacuate all humors Yet because now so little bloud is in the veines whereof a little portion is withdrawen by bleeding it followeth that but a little bloud and lesse than before remaineth now in the veines with the other humors and that there is great plentie of the other humors forasmuch as they come not out so redily when a veine is opened as the bloud doth and therefore by a necessarie consequent bloud being gone which was as it were a bridle to other humors choler must excessiuely boile and flegme become more colde and vndigested VVhereupon also I gather that those haue done ill and verie vnskilfully which haue reproued Auicen of error in this place seeing he is rather verie highly to be commended then vpon euery small and light occasion to be reprehended Finally wee are to forbeare letting of bloud after continuall vomitings hunger great watchings extreme labours and after all such things as immoderately 〈…〉 body drying and dissoluing the 〈…〉 thereof as Rhases noteth lib. 7. 〈…〉 Almonsorem Touching the causes 〈…〉 ring Phlebotomie they may soone be gathered of their contraries by those impediments here specified And in the fifth Chapter before yee haue heard both the direct indirect causes which may moue to let bloud Vnto the which place I referre the studious reader at this time concluding this Chapter with the verses of Schola Salerni wherin are set downe most of the impediments here spoken of Frigida natura frigens regio dolor ingens Balnea post coâ—tum minor aetas atque senilis Morbus prolixus repletio potus
escae Si fragilis vel subtilis sensus stomachi sit fastiditi tibi non sunt Phlebotomandi Complexion cold the countrie so Great griefe bathings and veneric Too yong too old long sicknes to Stomacke sicke and fastiditie Cannot abide Phlebotomy diligen◠〈…〉 ding 〈◊〉 persons as are meâ—te or vnmeete to be â—â—r he loud Chap. 9. IN this Chapter I wil be but briefe because I was prolixe in the other before from whence many things concerning this point may be verie well and with great profit taken Neither determined â— at the first to haue made hereof a distinct Chapter but that in certaine Latine writers I found the like done before whom I thought good to imitate First therefore this practise is best for delicate idle and corpulent persons which vse to feed plentifully on the best nourishing meates without taking any great paine as Auicen witnesseth in prim Secondly for such as haue abundance of bloud which is knowen by many vnfallible signes and specially by thicknesse of vrine For abundance of bloud maketh the vrine thicke as aboundance of yellow choler maketh the same thinne Thirdly for such as abounde with Melancholy hauing in their bodies much naturall Melancoly running with the bloud because bloud is not throughly purified from it in the Liuer And therefore in this case Phlebotomy must go before purging and not contrane as hath beene aforesaide And here is to be noted that Melancolie is two-folde One kinde is naturall another kinde is not naturall Naturall Melancoly is the refuse of bloud And when the same aboundeth it runneth about in the bodie with the bloud and to euacuate it a veine must be opened and so this kinde of Melancolie passeth with the bloud because bloud and the refuse thereof that is naturall Melancolie commeth of one and the selfe same temperate heate And when euacuation is thus done a purgatiue may be vsed But let purgation succeede Phlebotomie after some space namely when the concoction is finished Fourthly bleeding is much profitable to those in whome is to be feared some extraordinarie heat shortly to followe or some extraordinarie boyling either of bloud or of humors or some other perturbation of bodie through too much aboundance of these Such persons as feare or feele any of these things are presently to haue a veine opened VVhere note that this rule yet oft deceiueth diuers practisioners For when their pacients doe feele any heate or calefaction presently they iudge it some ebullition of humors and so let them bloud whereas the same may come through heate and inflammation of yellow choler in which case it is so farre off by bleeding that the heat ebullition should be allayed that they are the rather thereby encreased and stirred vp For bleeding as hath beene tolde you before prouoketh the humors to runne thorow out the whole bodie with the greater violence In such a case therefore opening of a veine should not be vsed except the same heat and ebullition came altogether of aboundance of humors which is knowen through abundance of sweat chiefely that sweat which is in the morning For some do not sweate but when they haue neede of euacuation Fiftly it is to be practised on them also especially whose bodily powers are firme and strong and that are of a sanguine complexion that is hote and moyst and not colde and drye Rhazes lib. 7. ad Almonso Chap. 21. sayeth Corpora quae venas habent amplas conspicuas quaeque hirsuta sunt colore inter rubrum fuscunqne medio adolescentum nimirum iuuenum senum non decrepitorum Phlebotomiae presidia magis tollerare possunt pueris vero infirmis vena secanda non est nisi maxima incumbente necessitate i. Such bodies as haue large and manifest veines that are hairie and of colour betweene red and browne specially of stripplings yong men and olde men not decrepites may most safely awaye with the helpe of bleeding But wee are not to open a veinein children and weake folke except great necessitie so require Sixtly this practise is with great heede to be vsed or rather not at all to be vsed after the paine of the cholicke or rather immoderat perturbation of the bowels either aboue or beneath whether it be Cholica passio or Illiaca For the Humors as ye haue heard in the Chapter before being mooued by bleeding the chollericke humor would flowe vnto the stomacke and inflame the same nor yet after strong vomits For the like euent woulde followe nor after a laske These and such like extremities vehemently heating rhe bodie and greatly dissoluing the same if they should concurâ—e with Phlebotomy they would too much inflame the bodie excessiuely moue the humors and mightily weaken the forces of Nature as appeareth in the Chapter before Fig. 20. Seuenthly weomen with child or hauing their termes are not to be let bloud In weomen with childe this is the reason because naturall heat seruing for digestion woulde thereby be diminished and so nutriment would be with-holden from the child which were verie dangerous if the mother were farre gone with child The fruit in the womb is nourished by the Termes and not hauing whereby to be nourished it must of force in the wombe hauing life and wanting nourishment die for hunger And againe being losened from the naturall staies in the womb it falleth out of the naturall boundes and so causeth aborsion This I say sooner happeneth when the yong frute in the wombe is growen much and the mother farre gone therewith for then it needeth the more nourishment which it can neither finde nor haue the bloud being diminished Fulchsius writeth more hereof 31. Coment lib. 5. Aphoris Hippon But here I am to adde that albeit in auncient time it was accounted perilous to let bloud weomen with childe as appeareth by that which hath beene now said yet out of the Chapter precedent Fig. 19. it partly appeareth that this practise may be done discreetely and safely in weomen with childe if necessitie so vrge chiefely if bloud be abundant in them if the bodie be firme and strong I affirme that they may bleede But because it hath beene reputed dangerous wee must carefully see that we take not from them much bloud To take a little after the fourth or fifth moneth of conception hurteth not Yea experience prooueth that women thereby are made merry and light whereas before they were very melancholly feeling alwaies about them an vnaccustomed heauines yea through a little bleeding they are inabled with the more facility to beare their burden to the due and iust time of their deliuerance Againe some women being with child require twise to bleede that is to say when they are halfe gone and in the beginning of the eighth moneth but hereof take great heede except the woman greatly abound with bloud I haue seene saith Guinterus a woman with child that hath beene let bloud three times in the second the fifth and eighth moneth because shee was very sanguine
this case let not bloud at all for sufficient is already euacuated from such a body of it selfe and that not obscurely but apparantly In this foresaid constitution thou maist detract a little bloud if it bee winter in a cold country and the wind standing at North and in this mixture of things thou must marke not onely the multitude of the obseruations but the force of them Because one many times exceedeth all the rest in power and sway and he that can neither by art experience nor sound iudgement define the quantity of euacuation according to the aduise of Hyppocrates let him rather euacuate lesse than more than needeth In this place albeit somewhat hath beene spoken before to the same purpose cap. 9. Fig. 7. It may be profitably demaunded whether being with child be to be accounted among these obseruations heere handled shewe of truth and some probability may be alleaged that when women with childe are grieuously sicke we are not to let them bloud because of the young that is in the wombe This is also defended by Hyppocrates saying Mulier in vtero gestans abortit incisa vena idque magis si faetus auctior fuerit that is A woman with child is deliuered before her time if shee bee let bloud specially if the young be much increased and growen in the wombe But this of Hyppocrates is not alwaies true as neither that which hee setteth downe a little before Mulierem in vtero gerentem acuto morbo corripi Lethale est That is it is deadly for a woman with child to be taken with a sharpe disease For seeing a purgation made of wicked and venemous simples standeth with greater danger of the childe than opening of a veyne and that Hyppocrates graunteth that women with child wexed with a disease caused of corruption of ill humors may bee purged in the moneths betweene the third and the eighth moneth truely with much more safety may we let those bloud being grieued with any sicknes caused of Repletion And if in the middle time of the going with childe the same may bee done Much rather in the beginning when the bloud more aboundeth and the yong needeth lesse nourishment Againe if women being with child nature of her selfe oftentimes attempteth euacuation of that which is supersluous with great profit out of the nose by the hemorroids belly and that sometime the Termes flowe healthfully at times appointed why vpon great necessity may we not imitate nature in our Art Yea many women bring vntimely fruit except about the fourth moneth a veyne be opened the young fruit beeing ouercome with plenitude of the Patient neither onely in fulnes but without the same a veyn is opened in the arme of a woman with child when need constraineth as in a Pluresie or other vehement inflammation It is dangerous in deede to open any of the lower veynes in women with child because the fluxe turned downewarde the termes would flowe and so the fruit in the wombe bee deiected and cast downe A veyne is opened very seldome in the eighth or nine moneth without causing of vntimely birth forasmuch as then a woman of euery light cause receiueth hurt and is deliuered before her time through the weakenes and slipperines of the wombe In this case Cornelius Celsuâ— only considered the greatnes of the disease and ablenes of the strength Olde Phisitions saith hee were of opinion that the first and latter age could not brooke bleeding and that a woman with child cured by Phlebotomy should bring foorth vntimely fruit yet experience prooued afterward that none of these were perpetuall but that better obseruations wer to be considered which the Phisition is to remember For the matter is not great what the age bee or what a woman beareth in hir wombe but what her strength is a fierce childe a strong olde man a lusty sanguine woman with child may safely bleede And thus you see howe a great belly in a woman may be an obseruation concerning the quantity of bloud that must bee withdrawen Another obseruation to finde out the iust quantite is to marke the alteration of colour in the bloud So iudged Hyppocrates in Pleuritide secundo de ratione virtus in acutis Commen 10. where hee counselleth to let bloud if the paine in a Pluresie ascend to the arme or the Paps so long till the bloud came forth in colour more red or more yeallow or for pure and red bloud blacke and blewe which both doo happen For bloud in an inflammation differeth in colour from the naturall bloud as more heated and inflamed If the naturall bloud before in the body were crude and vndigested bloud that which is in the inflamed place is a great deale redder and yeallower if it were before redde through adustion it becommeth now more swart and blacke But if the Patient fâ—iâ—t or faile before the bloud alter in colour stay not then for the muâ—ation or change thereof Finally the plenitude in the body admonisheth vs of the quantity more or lesse and thus we conclude touching the knowledge of the quantity how muoh must 〈◊〉 taken Of the time and seasons of the sickenesse of this yeaâ—e of the daie and houre of the daie when a man is to bleede or not to bleede Chap. 16. ALthough it hath beene declared that we are not to let bloud in a season of the yeare too hot or too colde Yet in this Chapter wee purpose more exactly to discusse what time of the sickenesse and what day the same is to bee done Auicen in quartiâ— primi cap. 20. saith that for preseruation a veyne is most safely opened when the disease is not come or yet present disallowing altogether of this practise in the beginning of sickenesse and his reasons to prooue it are these In the beginning of a sickenesse saith he it attenuateth the humors and causeth them to slow throughout all the bodie mingling the bad Humors with the good bloud These wordes of Auicen are neither true nor agreeable to Hyppocrates Galen Hyppoc 2. Aphoris Aphoris 29. writeth that at the beginning of sickenes If any matter be to be remoued the same ought then to be done accordingly and when the euils are in their state then to giue them rest Galen in the Commen saith that bleeding and purging may be vâ—ed at the beginning but neither of them Morbâ— Consistenti that is in the state of tâ—â— disease whereofin the Aphoris following â—yppocrates rendreth a reason at the first and lasâ— â—aith he tâ—ings are more weake than in the middle estate for then all things are most firme and strong Againe why he should stay for concoction in bleeding I see no reason for as much as bloud of his owne nature is alwaies concocted and a veyne beeing opened it floweth out easily of his owne accorde Againe where Auicen in his reasons saith that by bleeding in the beginning that corrupted bloud is not euacuated that should be which afterward puts still the Patient to more pain so
THE ENGLISH Phlebotomy Or Method and way of healing by letting of blood Very profitable in this spring time for the preseruatiue intention and most needful al the whole yeare beside for the curatiue intention of Phisick Collected out of good approued authors at times of leasure from his other studies and compiled in that order that it is By N. G. Prouer. 30. vers 15. The horse-leach hath two Daughters which crye giue giue Prouer. 27. vers 9. Balme and sweete incense make the heart mery so sweete is that friend that giueth counsell from the heart ¶ Imprinted at London for Andrew Mansell and are to be solde at his shop in the Royall Exchange 1592. To the right Worshipfull Master Reginald Scot Esqure dayly increase of wealth Worship and wisedom in the true feare of GOD. THIS pleasaunt and profitable practise of blood letting Right Worshipful Sir hath always and that worthely been accompted and called of the auncient and latter Phisitions Vnum è maioribus remedijs one of the greater remedies in the Arte of healing not as I take it for that the same is of gretest charge to the patient his purse a veine being commonly opened for twelue pence but because if the same be done with skill according to Arte it bringeth great profit to health without any great diminishing of wealth How this so great a remedy in both the inteÌ„tions of Phisick Preseruatiue and Curatiue is greatly abused by vagabuÌ„d Horse-leaches trauailing Tinkers who find work almost in euery village through whose wickednes hauing in truth neither learning knowledge witre nor honesty the sober practisioner and cunning Chirurgian liueth basely is despised and accounted a very abiect among the vulgar sorte The whole world with wofull weepings too too plentifully can witnesse and many godly and faythful Christians here and else where with pinching paines and griping griefs euen to the last gaspe haue pitifully felt For these kinde of men are so farre off from repayrers of mennes bodies as they would seeme to bee that they are rather marrers and manglers of men women and children without all care to men whome they ought to tender foster and cherish without all conscience to God to whom they must one day render a reckoning of this their desperate and diuelish dealing No man brought vp among Christian meÌ„ of any practise or calling but hath long sithence learned this lesson how frayle infirme and weake soeuer our mortal bodies are yet it hath pleased God to call them his owne temples his owne instruments and his owne dwelling places an vnspeakable dignitie farre aboue that for which Alexander Magnus so contended when hee would needs bee called the sonne of Iupiter Paul to the Thessalonians willing vs to keepe our vessels viz. our bodies in holynesse and honour suggesteth vnto vs these two poynts first the fragilitie and mortality of our earthly bodyes comparing them to vessels of earth and pots of clay which break with a blow perish with a knock secondly that yet they are not our owne bodyes to vse as wee list to sensuality like bruite beasts but to keepe them carefully as vessels which the Lord hath clensed and washed with his owne blood to his owne glory in all holynes and honour The Priests of Baal cutting and launsing their owne bodies with a vayne and wâ—cked supposal that in so doing they pleased God grieuously sinned as diuers affirme both agaynst nature and godlines against nature because no man euer yet hated his owne flesh but nourisheth and cherisheth it as the Lord doth the Church against godlines because works of pietie and religion in our selues or in others they either quite surcease or are greatly hindered when the bodies of men are decaied in streÌ„gth weakned in vigor languished with sicknes or finally destroyed by death To let passe these things which diuers deliuer out of their pulpits of the excellencie and dignitie of mans body haue not the Philosophers in the schooles called the same Microcosmos Orbiculus a little world most beautiful in forme fayrest in shape excelling farre all other liuing creatures whome the creator hath made In whose braine as in primo mobili is fixed that inesteemable Iewel called Reason no monster or Idole but the mother of all Artes Sciences by whome God guiding the same are wrought inuented marueilous matters by Sea and by land in euery matter of speculation or practise This I haue hitherto discoursed to this drift that those blinde bussards runagate Artists might at length see and consider that they are no way willed or waraÌ„ted like butchers to cut rend and teare the bodies of men without skil either in letting blod or any other practise of Chirurgi but like brethren to cure repayr and amend that which is amisse refusing no paine taking for their own parts nor reiecting due consultation with men experienced that so the noble Science of healing may be generally honored the diseased recouered the skilful workman worthily in fine rewarded To met with this mischief acording to my Mediocritie and that such as are desirous of this practise either for pleasure or profite might be somwhat fraughted with a few pithy instructions and necessary rules in the same and so at length attaine to the most exquisite cunning deep knowledge therof I haue thought it good not onely to publish this my rude collection conteining if I be not deceiued the whole handiwork of Phlebotomy but also to counteruaile my default as rudely yet most huÌ„bly to request your worships fauour for the protection thereof But for as much as Seneca that christian Ethnicke for so dooth Erasmus terme him for his profound wisedome deepe indgement willeth vs in bestowing of any gift to be careful that it be fit for the estate of the giuer and also meete for the condition of the receiuer least in stead of expected thanks disgrace may growe and what the giuer meaneth of good will may perhaps by the receiuer either limping in iudgmeÌ„t or freezing in delight be little regarded lesse countenaunced I am in a worde or two to shew that for my part I haue not as I thinke much swarued from the sound aduise of the Philosopher in making your worship patron of my poore seely paines First for that euen your selfe haue already in print in your booke called The discouery of VVitchcraft openly biterly enueighed against one sort of blood thirsty men as I doo nowe against another sorte namely witchmongers who are daily and hourely without iust cause conuenting before Magistrates and haling to the halter if the Magistrates dexterity in the administration of iustice did not moderate their malice in murthering poore plaine seely and simple innocents and olde women whom by friuolous euidences incredible proofes vayn ghesses preiudicate presumptions meere impossibilityes they would haue condemned and executed for witches These men in mine opinion should farre better please God and much better deserue of the Christian coÌ„mon wealth if they
in the body these three spirits humors and excrements The excrements are the ordure or reffuse of the belly vrine and superfluous humors sent from the braine and the lungs Humors some are superfluous some necessary properly called succi 1. iuces Humors superfluous separated from the bloud by natures force and as vnprofitable for the nutriment of the body are sent a farre off As flegme inhereth in the maw stomacke and about the entrailes yeallow choler in his proper coffer namely the gall Melancholy in the Spleene The iuces are conuerted into the substance of the body nourishing the same Of this kind are those iuces whereof the bloud is compact those otherwise called secundarii humores Nowe each of these are sometime agreeable to nature sometime repugnant to nature They are agreeable to nature when they retaine the right quality and quantity according to the law of nature for conseruation of health They are repugnant to nature when they keepe measure neither in quality nor quantity And therefore whatsoeuer of these manifestly departeth from the iust meane and measure which nature hath appointed because it is the cause of sickenes if otherwise it cannot be amended it is altogether to be taken away and expelled the expulsion whereof is called Euacuation The differences of Euacuations are to bee taken of the scituation of the contents and corruptions which are either Plethora or Cachochymia as was shewed in the Chapter precedent The meats and drinkes receiued into the body if the stomacke and liuer doo their naturall Office bee altered by concoction in such wise that the best part thereof goeth to the nutriment of the bodie the worst being separated by the members Officiall from the residue are made excrementes in sundry formes and substances which excrementes are like in quality to the naturall Humor which then raigneth most in the body These excrements are none other as was saidâ— but matter superfluous and vnsauory which by the powers of nature may not be conuerted into flesh but remaining in the body corrupt the members and therefore nature abhorring them desireth to haue them expelled These excrements are in number three Ordure Vrine Humor superfluous Of Ordure are two sortes one digested which passeth by siege the other vndigested expelled by vomit VVhere I say digested I meane that it is passed the stomack turned into another figure Likewise I call that vndigested which sâ—il retaineth the figure of meat Vrine is the watry substance of bloud like as whey is of the mâ—ke which out of the meate that is altred concoct or boyled in the stomacke is streyned in the veynes called Mesacaicae which proceedeth from the hollow part of the Lyuer and sent by the Raines into the Bladder passeth by the Instrument which is ordained as well for that purpose as for generation Humor superfluous is of three sorts either mixt with any of the foure Humors called naturall or else it is gathered into the braine or is betweene the skinne and the flesh or lyeth among the Synewes Muscles or Ioynts Of Humors some are more grosse and cold some are subtle and hot and are called Vapors Now to expell these excrements there are nine sundry kindes of Euacuations Letting of bloud pargation by siege abstinence vomiting scâ—rrifieng or cupping sweat vrine spytting sternutation bleeding at the nose bleeding by the Hemmorroids exercise and in women there naturall purgations But in this Treatise I will onely handle that Euacuation which is done by opening of a veyne by Cupping-glasses and by Leaches shewing the commodities which by the discrete vsing of these come vnto the body of man And that the way of Euacuation may bee the more easie wee may deuide the body of man into three general Regions which being inclosed in their proper limits haue not onely diuers receptories of superfluities but also diuers waies to purge the same One and the first Region is extended from the meat pipe called Gula to the middle part of the Liuer wherein are contained the maw the stomacke the venies Mesecaicae as many as come to the entrance the hollow or inner part of the Liuer the Spleene and Pancreas that is a thing betweene flesh and kernel lying betweene the stomacke and the Liuer The 2. Region runneth from the middle of the Liuer through the thin small veines of all and singuler partes comprehending the outward part of the liuer and euery hollowe veine and the greater artery placed by it and vvhatsoeuer is betweene the Armehole and the flanks The 3. Region comprehendeth the muscles the vppermost skinnes the bones and the whole masse of the body which extendeth from the very entrance and lesser veines through euery part and the outmost skinne it selfe Great is the diuersity of these Regions for so much as they are so inclosed within their owne limits that there is betvveene them no fellowship at all But the greatest diuersity is in their owne proper operations hauing concoctions excrements and waies of purging diuers one from the other By obseruation and marking whereof vve shall the better proceede in Euacuation Beside these generall and vniuersall Regions of the body there are some more speciall and particular hauing also excrements yet not retching so far nor following through the whole body of which sort are the braines lungs raines and belly Hereof are deriued tvvo differences of Euacuations one generall the other particular That is a generall Euacuation which draweth matter vniuersally from the vvhole body Of this sort are Svveate Bleeding Vomits Euacuation by siege Each of these thogh specially for the most part they euacuate one RegioÌ„ or part of the body Yet these also empty other partes though not so abundantly As vomit first and chiefly euacuateth the stomacke if it continue long it purgeth also the bovvels and the greater veines last of all the state of the whole body Euacuation by siege or purging chiefly and most of all purgeth the entrailes stomacke bowels and the first veines then the greater veines Last of all the small veines and the state of the vvhole body Opening a vaine first exhauseth the veines and arteries ioyned vnto them then the body and all the bovvels euen til it proceede to the first veins Euacuation by svveat called in Latine perspicatio or dissipat io per cutem First dissolueth from the habite or state of the body Secondly from the greater veines and arteries Lastly from the bowels and inwarde Region of the body Particuler Euacuation doth onely alleuiate some particuler part loden vvith Excrements Of vvhich sort are purging of the braine through the palate and nosthrils spitting of fleame vvhereby diseases of the brest and lungs are eased Pissing forth of sand and matter from the raines Passage of bloud by the belly or Hemmorroids the one cleansing first the lower part of the body called Podex the other the belly and both of them the hollow veyne called Vena caua VVhen the wombe therefore is prouoked either with a Clister or a Suppository
of the bodie in this case wee vse Phlebotomie without purging Fourthly we may safely let blond without medicine those that are whole for abundance of bloud only are accustomed to yerely bleeding and that haue in the yere taken little or no Phisicke as it chanceth to many persons in many countries of the North. Fiftly we may open without purging the inner vaine of the arme in women with child if they carrie Corpora Phletorica full bodies that in the 5. 6. or 7. moneth after the conception yea also before they be quicke This practise wee are to vse specially when they being with child waxe verie slowe heauie as it were ouerladen with abundance of bloud we may take Salua tella veine or if plenitude so require the inner veine of the arme for the quantitie respecting a discreete moderation Sixtly we may let those bloud without medicine that haue fallen from some high place taken hurt in the brest and stomacke in whome is to be feared an inconuenience called of the Greekes Egchymosis Seuenthly we speedily let bloud such persons without further Phisick as by reason of their fulnes through some accident as feare or such like waxe domme in which case wee let bloud abundantly so that both armes are opened together Here I am to note a great error in Auicen both repugnant to trueth it selfe and also contrarie to Galen For Auicen affirmeth that when colde and thicke humors are in the bodie first wee must begin with purging and then open a veine Diuers and many waies hath he erred in this First because in flegmatick humors grosse and colde mixt with bloud hee woulde haue Phlebotomie not vsed before purging And in this case by all likelyhood of reason the cure should begin with bleeding Secondly in this hee dissenteth from Galen who 11. Method Chap. 4. though there were obstructions in the bodie of thicke and clammie humors yet first hee would begin the cure with Phlebotomie If Auicens meaning be when flegmatike humors ouercome the bloud in multitude or abundance that then wee must first vse purging then is hee greatly deceiued for as much as hee proponeth a case in which Phlebotomie should not auaile except with those many colde humors there be also some excesse of bloud which chaunceth verie sildome or not at all But it may seeme that Auicen hath reason namely this that the bloud being extracted those humors would waxe more rawe and so by opening a veine the patient is brought to a marueilous cruditie of colde humors This is no reason for by Phlebotomy wee detract bloud not because of obstructions caused of grosse and colde humors but because bloud superaboundeth For the stopping is afterward remoued with other helpes Therefore when obstruction concurreth with abundance of bloud wee must not extract verie much bloud but keepe backe some till the time of the cure as Galen teacheth 11. Method Chap. 14. And thus much of the order betweene Phlebotomie and Purging whereby wee see that a strong purgatiue must followe bleeding and that an easie purgation or clister may go before Of the effectes that is Of the profits and disprofits of opening a veine Chap. 5. Schola Salerni in two verses reckoneth vp three effects of bleeding Exhilerat tristes iratos placat amantes Ne sint amentes Phlebotomia facit It swageth wrath and cheeres the sad Preserues loue-sick from being mad FIrst it maketh glad those that are pensiue Secondly it appeaseth such as are angrie Anger is especially caused through mixture of much yellow choler with bloud And sadnesse by commixture of much Melancoly with bloud And forasmuch as both these humors choler Melancoly are exhausted with the bloud these two effectes must consequently follow Thirdly it preserueth loue-sicke persons from madnesse by drawing humors from the head to the lower partes and so expelling the same Although occasion will hereafter better serue to shewe the causes why wee vse Phlebotomy yet here nowe speaking of the effectes I will briefely shewe fiue causes for which wee vse to let bloud and by the which may be gathered the profitable effectes of this practise of the which fiue causes one onely cause is the direct the other foure are indirect The direct cause of bleeding is euacuation of the bloud But forasmuch as bloud is good for nature therfore Phlebotomy must be vsed â—duissdly that the same bloud only may be expelled which is vnprofitable hurtfull to nature Bloud as you haue partly heard is made vnprofitable to nature two waies either when it doth not throughly keepe the proper qualitie that it cannot so nourish as it did before when it was good or when in quantitie it so increaseth that it either presseth downe the powers of the bodie or stuffeth stoppeth both the veines the arteries In these two cases bleeding is good as one of the direct euacuating helpes Yet in these cases bleeding is not to be vsed indifferently but with this difference in abundaÌ„ce of bloud much may be detracted In little plentie small euacuation serueth Hereupon Galen writeth lib. 9. cap. 10. Method Si sanguis vitiosus in corpore fuerit paulatim quod vitiosum est euacuare oportet paulatim ad in o icem quod salubre est pro eo reponere If corrupt bloud be in the bodie wee must by little little take away the bad and by litle litle procure in the place therof that which is good which way of curing or amending of corrupt bloud the Phisicions call in Greeke Epicrasis And to this Alexander Tralleanus subscribeth lib. 9. ca. 2. The reason why this is not to be done at once is for that the powers of the bodie would relent giue ouer And although that which is euacuated be superfluous yet by a sudden thorough mutation it doth more hurt than good It is better therefore to emptie the bodie safely and by little at once than by making hast to dispatch both the disease the partie diseased And here it appeareth how much they abuse Phlebotomy which detract the ill bloud so long til the good also begin to come wheras it may fall out that all the bloud will flowe forth of the bodie before that the good will appeare It behoueth therefore the euacuatioÌ„ to be little And as Gaelen councelleth in this case before the opening of a veine to vse Epicrasis i. to giue the patient such meat as may cause good bloud that good bloud may still come in place of the bad and then a little after more bloud may be taken This therfore is called the direct bleeding because it is don of it self to euacuate that which by opening a veine ought in deede to be withdrawen namely multitude of humors of bloud of bloud principally of humors secondarily in asmuch as they are mingled with the blod The other are called indirect causes and are vsed only to reuoke or call backe the violent force of humors to the contrary part or
rectitude lib. 13. Method cap. 5. VVhereas the hand being ill affected he scarrified Crura the thighs and one of the thighs ill affected he scarrified the other thigh that was well The Solution Galen in his practise obserued rectitude of members For there is a common and direct societie of the veines so that the opening of the left thigh which draweth bloud from the right for both the thighes receiue bloud from the hollowe veyne called Vena caua Auicen in 4. primi 1. deliuereth two rules not to be neglected in Revulsions First that if in the member from which wee will pull backe there bee great paine the paine must be asswaged before we make Revulsion Otherwise the dolour greatly attracting and wee also drawing backe with Revulsion the humors to some other part there would bee too great a contention and an excessiue moouing of the matter whereby the body might receiue much hurt His second rule is that when wee pull backe the passage must not bee thwart any principall member If any ambiguity arise concerning this rule because Hyppocrates is saide before in ach of the hinder part of the head to open a veyne in the forepart we answere that the same passage was not made vpon a principall member to wit the braine VVe also affirme that the passage may be by a veyn of a principall member though not by the substance of the said member for the fluxe doth not abide or rest in the braine as in termino in his bound or limit Therefore I counâ—eil ag ine and againe because manie are killed through the vnskilfulnes of practisioners in this point at some of whose deaths I haue my seife beene present In a pleurisie of the right side open a veine in the right arme otherwise the hart being situate in the middle betweene the right side and the left the passage should be vpon a principall member namely the heart And hitherto chiefeiy of Revulsion Parocheteusis in Greeke Deriuatio in Latine in English Deriuation or pulling aside is defined a drawing of the flowing humor to the next part It is done by opening that vaine which is found in the verie member affected and whereby also sometime that member receiued nourishment But now the ill iuce flowing and that veine opened the grieued part is presently disburthened This practise is profitably vsed after reuulsion In the beginning of inflammation when the matter is now in fluxioÌ„ mouing bloud is to be withdrawen from some farre distant place according to rectitude after that euacuation must be made from the affected part when the matter is come thither and there settleth and abideth then detract bloud either from the affected part or verie neere vnto it and this is called Parocheteusis deriuatio VVee make deriuation from the member affected when the same is not any noble or principall member and this is done two wayes either manifestly and sensibly by scarification or boxing or immanifestly by euaporation as Galen sheweth lib. Artis Med. cap. 95. But that deduction which is made to the next partes is most properly called Deriuation Thus to staye bloud at the mouth wee bring it to the neere partes and prouoke bleeding at the nose So in weomen in fluxes of Hemorroids wee stay them in prouoking Menstrua i. their naturall Termes Thus in inflammations of the mouth wee bring them to the nose So in angina opening the veines in the handes and the veines vnder the toung wee make deriuation to the next place So in affectes of the guttes we do not prouoke to stole but draw it to the next partes prouoking either vrine or swet So in diseases of the raines wee prouoke not vrine but drawing the matter to the next members namely the bowels wee prouoke to stoole But heere aâ—yseth a doubt howe the raines can be purged by siege seeing there is no sensible waye or passage knowen from the raines thither To aunswere this wee haue but authorities as namely of Galen and Hippocra Galen affirming in his seuenth booke de Method Chap. 13. that the raines bladder and bounch of the Liuer called Gibba Ierinoris are purged by siege And experience sheweth that when the bellie is solluble and laxatiue the vrine is the lesse Hippo. saying in like manner 4. Aphorism Aphorismo vltimo That much vâ—ine made by night sheweth little siege You haue heard before that deriuasion is vsed after revulsion when the force of the fluxe is stayed when the heat of the inflammation is layde when there is no feare or suspicion of any other inflammation likely to ensue and also when the humor is yet moyst and liquide in the member from whence it may returne But if you suppose the humor to be stuffed in the member and is not able to returne which often times falleth out in continuall olde inflammations in which harde apostumated reliques remaine In this case when yee open the veine vse no deriuation but fomentation or bathinges and emplasters to digest and mollesie Wherewith if the humor cannot be dissolued the member not being principall neither any great pain there felt the affected place may be launced and the humor brought foorth specially if the same be contagious that it infect and hurt the members adiacent which practise thogh properly it cannot be called deriuation yet it may stand in steede thereof Whether purgation by siege or inward medicine receiued cannot or may not euacuate the bloud And thereasons answered that are brought for proofe thereof Chap. 7. IT seemeth that an inward receit sufficiently euacuating bloud by siege may be both found and vsed by Isaacus who in 1. viâ—tici in the Chapter of Cephalaea passio affirmeth Quae prosunt Cholerae prosunt sangaini Those things that are good for choler are good for bloud But it is knowen that we haue euacuating receits for choler therefore by the foresaid authoritie the same are also good and profitable to euacuate bloud Secondly there are receites to euacuate other humors as choler flewme and Melancoly therefore also there are to euacuate bloud which is the principall humor Thirdly Auicen in 2. affirmeth Pulpam evacuare sanguinem that the pulpe of Coloquintidae euacuateth the bloud Fourthly Haly supra tegni affirmeth that Galen caused one to be hanged that gaue a receit to euacuate bloud therefore there was such a receit then and may be now The contrarie to these obiections is set downe by Galon that no receit euacuateth the bloud or humor iâ— the veines but Phlebotomy onely A second question here may be moued whether if there be such a receit found the same may be administred or not It seemeth that it may because when other humors offend we euacuate them by medicine therefore it seemeth wee may so do when bloud offendeth The contrarie to this is set downe by Haly aforesaid and warranted by Galens authoritie who caused one to be hanged for so doing For solution hereof we are to vnderstand that although a medicine euacuating bloud may be
there must in the meane season of necessitie be abundance of excrementes remaining in the bodie as the occasion of sicknesses and so at length sicknesses may ensue Yea it is far better as it seemeth to Galen lib. de Curand ratio per sanguinis missionem cap. 6. altogether to absteine from bleeding in vntemperat drinkers gluttonous persons as from such as cannot be cured either by purging or bleeding For by their vntemperat life they gather in short time againe great abundance of rawe vnconcocted humors VVith such it is not best to deale for to what purpose is it to haue the excellent vse of this practise by these mens intemperancie defaced among the common people which hath been so present a helpe to diuers See Galen lib. 11 cap. 9. Method Meden The seconde matter putting off this practise for a time are the excrementes of the bellie Therefore first exonerate the wombe before bleeding if it bee not soluble of it selfe with a Clister of decoction of Mallowes putting thereto Oyle and Salte or with a Suppositorie or with eating a little Cassia fistula The thirde impediment is some other voluntarie euacuation that may be at that present time as in fluxe of Termes in weomen and in fluxe of the Hemorroids whereunto Gaelen likewise consenteth lib. 9. Cap. 5. Method Meden in these words If saith he in time of bleeding it happen that the Termes do flowe or that the veine called Haemorrhois be open if the force of the same fluxe seeme sufficient so that it alone may euacuate that which thou requirest thou shalt leaue the matter wholly to nature if not then thou maist detract so much bloud till by both wayes that be brought to passe which thou wouldest haue done But this is not alwayes to be followed for in euacuation to turne away the matter as in immoderate fluxe of Termes or in the fluxe of the Hemorroides wee practise bleeding as was afore shewed in the Chapter of Reuulsion Againe concerning these voluntarie eruptions of bloud when wee intend to open a veine if the eruption haue been much then stay from further euacuation But if it little or nothing haue withdrawen the matter of the disease it debarreth vs not of further bleeding Therefore if the disease and present necessitie require it that the powers of nature haue not beene damnified by that voluntarie eruption wee may speedily open a veine as in a strong plurisie If there haue been much sweating vomiting or great sieges we are not to let bloud but if these slake and that the naturall powers are a little in time recreated then wee may verie safely bleede For those being but accidents not remouing the cause of the disease can not serue in steed of bleeding So in a hote agew if the wombe be laxatiue and that there happpen Lienteria which is a fluxe of the stomacke when the meate and drinke runneth from a man as he tooke it vtterly without concoction or alteration rising of great weakenes of the stomacke specially in the power retentiue which is not able to keepe the meate till nature in ful time may concoct it through immoderate drinking of colde water from which some cannot refraine in hote feuers This I say doth not hinder bleeding but because thereby natures strength is enfeebled the same considered the bleeding must be the lesse if voluntarie eruption of bloud remoue the matter of the disease or in some reason bring ease to the patient according to discretion commit the matter to nature alone If not take away some bloud that through natures worke and the Phisitions practise togither the cure may be accomplished Those things which nature of her selfe can finish meddle not withall but helpe her with Art in that which shee beginneth and cannot of her selfe make an end therfore I said in a Plurisie in a continual feuer if bloud abundantly flow frō the bellie hemorroids or nose so that the quantie of the euacuation be iust and the patient thereby eased let no further bloud If bloud come but smally from the foresaide and that the sicknesse still continue vehement that which wanteth is to be done by opening a veine yea although the patient be a woman in child-bed yea therefore sometime in a bloudie fluxe a purgation is giuen that the same which commeth foorth but softly and slowly by reson of the vnprepared passages may flowe more abundantly by a more conuenient course The fourth impediment is the age of the partie that is to bleed either being too old or too yong Old folk are not to be let bloud because there is in them little good bloud and much ill bloud bleeding from them taketh away the good and leaueth the bad behinde Olde men after 70 yeares are not to be let bloud except they be of a strong constitutiō of body that the vehemency of the disease require the same But if in these yeres the powers of the bodie be weake that bloud aboundeth not bleeding is not to be in them practised for as Galen saith in men of these yeres there is little good bloud but of rawe humors great plentie so that opening of a veine sendeth forth the good but the ill blod gathered together in the chiefe veines in the Liuer that part called Mesenterion which is the double skin that fasteneth the bowels to the backe or rather the branches of the veine called Porta which conuey the iuce of the meat concocted from the stomake to the Liuer it draweth forth into the whole bodie Consider therfore the strength of the body the vehemencie of the disease for not onely the number of yeres but the constitutiō also of the body is to be marked There are of 60 yeres that are not to bleed being weake old men The age fit for bleeding is at as florens that is after some the 17 yeare of age after some 9. after some 10. after others 14. or 13. Before the 13 yeare after the most approued writers of our time wee are not to let bloud except those youthes haue broad veines be of sanguine complexion and that the disease be dangerous require this practise necessarily In these cases wee may open a veine if the veines well appeare or we may diminish bloud by scarifying the legges or armes Schola Salerni sayeth Denus septenus vix Phlebotomon petit annus The seuenteenth yere of age scarce good To put in proofe letting of blood Children then before they come to 13. or 14. yeares are not to bleede except some great dangerous disease of necessitie require it at nine or tenne yeares the reason is because their flesh and skinne is yet but tender and easie to breath thorow as Galen witnesseth lib. 9. cap. 17. Method Medendi in these words Puerorū substantia omniūfacile digeritur ac dissipatur propterea quod est omnium humidissima est omnium minime frigida The substance or flesh of children is most easie of all resolued or separated because it is most moyst
feuers caused and kindled of a putrifieng humor which should not seeme to bee true especially in intermittant fâ—uers which leaue off for a time as are tertian and quartan agues Forasmuch as in these bloud offendeth not in the veynes but some other humor beside bloud putrifieth without the veyns which by bleeding in reason cannot be euacuated This place of Galen cannot sound to reason or experience except we vnderstand Galen to giue vs aduise to euacuate by bleeding the matter of such intermittant feuers as haue also with the bloud fulnesse and abundance of other humors concurring So that this may bee his meaning Bleeding may bee vsed in intermittant feuers if they fortune to haue abundance of humors ioyned with the bloud For obstruction as Galen sheweth li. 11. Meth. Meden cap. 4. happeneth in rotten and putrified feuers sometime through abundance of humors sometime through the clammines grosnes and thickenes of them Galen therefore counselleth to let bloud in staying and intermittant feuers rather because of the abundance than the rottennes or putrifaction of the humor without the veynes And that this is his meaning appeareth by the words which Galen afterwards vseth saying Forasmuch as nature ruling the body by bleeding is lightned and disburthened of that wherwith she was before oppressed therfore shee will with ease ouercome that which resteth and remaineth behinde which is a 〈◊〉 signe that Plethora or fulnes is also annoxâ—d to such feuers Fourthly in bleeding we are not onely to consider the disease it self which wee determine to remedie but also oft times the cause therof so that whatsoeuer the sicknes be if Phlebotomy may remoue the cause then also it taketh away the griefe it selfe in the ende HereupoÌ„ somtime albeit the disease be cold yet when the cause moueth vs to open a vein we may safely bleede without hurt Hippo. saith Galen sheweth a cure of his done on a woman by letting her bloud in the Ankle This woman after child-birth was not freed ofher seconds then a shaking came vpoÌ„ her This woman I cured saith Hippo. by letting her bloud in the Ankle for all her shaking Shaking is a cold affect bloud is hote and they that must be heated must not haue bloud taken from them He for al that boldly did it he sheweth the reason I considered said he the cause the occasion of the cause He knew the cause of shaking was abundance of bloud kept backe which was a burthen to nature The occasion of the cause was the griefe of the matrix This abundaÌ„ce requiring euacuatioÌ„ the affected part shewing the place most fit for euâ—cuation considering both these things together he let her bloud in the ankle because the wombe or matrix was affected In griefes of the womb or bellie we take the vaine of the ankle knowing by the Anotomie the communion betweene the veines for some veines communicate to some part of the body others to other partes And euacuation is to be made from such veines as haue fellowship with the member affected For as yee heard in the Chapter of Revulsion if we take that veine which communicateth not with the part affected wee hurt the whole bodye do the griefe no easement The profitable vse of this fellowship of veines apeareth especially in revulsion or pulling backe of humors which is both wel speedily done when this coÌ„munitie of veins is obserued as was there declared But let vs return to our former purpose Fiftly by opening of a veine is cured the feuer called Synochus both that which coÌ„meth of ebullition of blod without putrifaction that which is caused with putrifaction of the bloud So are also hereby cured continuing feuers coming of putrifaction in the greater veines And to these diseases reckoned vp of Galen Fig. 2. we may adde these that follow Frensies Opthalmia parotis i. an apostumatioÌ„ about or behind the eares diseases of the Liuer splene Nephritis i. paines of the raines and backe inflammations of the wombe or matrix of the priuie partes arme-holes armes thighes ioynts Finally all inflammatioÌ„s inward or outward which the Greeks call Phlegmonae These inflamations are caused by flowing of bloud to a member when a veine is open broken which bloud there abundantly heaped togither bringeth forth a tumor or swelling To these also are to be added a consumption in the beginning vomiting of bloud bleedings at the nose bely or hemorroids at the beginning of which diseases the opening of a veine greatly profiteth staying the force of the fluxe by revulsion if the veine be opened at the contrary part calling back much of the matter froÌ„ the member affected so that bleeding is a present helpe for those diseases whatsoeuer which take the beginning from too much abundance of good bloud Those sicknesses which come of an vnpure mixt plenitude because they are somewhat neere linked vnto these they may also be cured by bleeding And although the matter of these diseases be vnpure yet either it lyeth in the veines or procedeth from the veines A gaine by bleeding are cured Carbuncles felons moyst scabs outward rednes in the skinne such like all these are cured by this practise Thus also is cured the burning ague called Causus all continuall feuers whose putrifaction is conteined in the greater venies Yet sometime a continuall feuer commeth of an humor heaped togither inflamed about the stomack chiefely about the mouth of the stomack the flat parts of the Liuer which feuer cannot be takeÌ„ away by bleeding Neither can the cause therof by this practise be remoued Pure intermittant feuers whether they be Tertians Quartans or Quotidians because the next matter proper cause of them is not in rhe greater vessels neither floweth from the veines are not conâ—eniently cured hereby And yet sometime in these also we bleede either when the veines swell with immoderat fulnes so that therby some danger at hand may be feared or when any accident of hote inflamed boyling bloud perswadeth vs therto as are namely beating paines of the head tossings mouing of the body this way that way excessiue heat almost stragnling the pacient Howbeit these many times come also of boyling choler about the inward partes called praecordia in the which cases bleeding remoueth neither the feuer nor the cause therof but onely asswageth the vehemencie of those accidents which are present or shortly like to ensue Further concerning perticuler affects cured hereby we may adioyne beating paines of the head Letargus spoken of before fig. 3 and trembling of the heart These with the foresaid are not onely cured hereby when they presently affect and afflict the patient but happening yerely vnto vs so that it is verie likely we shalbe grieued with them in time to come VVe may verie well preuent them by bleeding wheÌ„ we haue once espied plenitude to haue beene in vs the causes of these infirmities For there is one the self-same way of healing common
both to maladies present and future And those thinges which are to be done when diseases are present may likewise be attempted when the same are but a beginning or nigh at hand And here is to be repeated that which hath bin alreadie said cannot be too often spoken that some time we open a veine not only without fulnesse but euen in emptinesse namely when some euident cause as a bruze ache or heat causeth flux ofhumors bringeth inflammation to the members and this is done not for any greatnes or feare of any present griefe but for some doubt of that which is a beginning as it were at hand Here ariseth a doubt whether it be more vsuall to open a veine the disease being now present or future nie at hand The answere is that when the fulnes is very great dangerous though the disease be not yet caused notwithstanding without hurt the pacient may bleed plentifullie because the bloud offendeth nature in the aboundance thereof And hereby the Pacient is oft made safe and escapeth the daunger of sicknesses approching But when a disease is bred and the forces of nature impaired or lessened either by the presence or long continuance thereof iust euacuation of bloud without hurt can by no possible meanes be made Whereupon Hippo councelleth to preuent by bleeding accustomable impediments rather then to stay their approch and comming Hereuppon also in that kind of feuer called Ephemera which dureth commonly but one day is caused of obstruction In the feuer called Synocris simplex bloud is aboundantly withdrawen before the matter do putrifie Therfore this is the cōclusion of this matter that bloud is let more safely before the sicknes be present already come thē when in truth it is presēt with greater profit are we to see his comming a far off and so beware of him thē to stay til he come thē labour to repel him wherin we are to remember a prety and common verse seruing fitly to this purpose Aegrius eiicitur quam non admttitur hospes If once a guest be enterteind with greater shame we him repell Then if at all we had not him receiued with vs in house to dwell And also this verse of Ouid. Principiis obsta sero medicina paratur Dum mala per long as conualaere moras i. Beginnings stop too late comes cure When once the mischiefs grow in vre Reason imputeth thus much that when sicknes presently possesseth any pacient the same requireth a speedie remedie with a greater necessitie than when as it hath not yet inuaded Wherupon this also followeth that opening of a veine is more necessarie when a griefe is present then when the sam e is but onely approching The crueltie of a present aduersarie vrgeth vs with a greater necessitie than the daunger of an enimie that may come but is not yet present And so I conclude that in a present disease there is a necessitie In a disease onely imminent there is but onely in a manner a securitie For a further instruction to know what diseases in particular are cured by this practise I referre thee to a Chapter hereafter following which declareth in particular what veine is to be opened in ech particular disease What voluntary eruption of bloud profiteth 〈◊〉 sicknes Chap. 12. BLoud voluntarily and of it selfe issueth foorth from the nose the veines called Haemorroidae and the belly and sometime also out of the mouth by coughing and vomitting From other partes of the bodie it commeth not except very seldome and that against nature But from what part soeuer it come if it bleede slowly and sparingly and albeit the same bee according to nature yet we are to account it vnprofitable for it nether remoueth the disease neitheir disswadeth vs from that conuenient euacuation by art which the vehemencie of the disease requireth That voluntarie flux of bloud which is aboundant either in plenitude oppressing natnre or in that feuer called Sinocha is profitale and oft cureth the same in the iudgement day called dies Criticus For in asmuch as then a generall euill equally as it were occupyeth all the veines from whence soeuer abatement of bloud happen it ceaceth these accidents of heuines fulnes But in the feuer Causon and in all other cōtinual feuers in the which other humors putrifie in the greater veines bloud issuing forth neuer so plentifully bringeth not such profit and bleeding at the nose though it watchinges rauinges headach and other such like accidents yet very hardly it remoueth the proper cause and roote as it were of the disease except there fall out some immoderat bleeding euen as it were to the dissolution of the natural forces which in very deed is neuer to be wished or desired For corrupt bloud last of all floweth out of the nose yea and not before there hath passed great store of the good profitable bloud And therefore in these feuers albeit the pacient bleed much oftentimes yet a veine in the arm must be opened Experiēce I say proueth that oft out of the nose commeth good bloud both in colour and substance when vnpure and filthy bloud is drawen out of the arme A boundant flux of bloud in these diseases out of the Hemorroidae veines are out of the belly because it floweth next of all from the holow veine of the loines the same is to be accounted much more profitable thā the abouesaid Yet neither doth this many times take away the verie root of the feuer which lieth lurking in the veines next the hart Wherupon it cōmeth to passe that oftētimes we let bloud in the arme notwithstanding yet but sparingly in flux of termes in womē brought a bed freed of their seconds lest we inflame kindle in them the heat of an ague A like reason and more apparant there is also sometime to let bloud in the arme when the hemeroids flow For inflammation and other diseases of those partes which are aboue the liuer and midriffe are litle or nothing at all eased by fluxe of bloud from the hemoroids or belly Neither those that occupy the lower partes by flux of bloud from the nose Also flux of bloud out of the right nosthril helpeth not affectes on the left side nor contrary And therefore voluntary eruptiō of bloud without reason forbiddeth not that bleeding which is to bee done according to art reason and experience Againe Phlebotomy helpeth diseases either of it self or accidentally Of it selfe it euacuateth or pulleth backe Accidentally sometime it cooleth drawing forth the hotter bloud sometime it openeth obstructions yet only those which proceede of fulnes and it is alwaies to bee vsed in those affectes which it helpeth of it selfe but not alwaies in those which it cureth by accident To helpe hot distemperature of the Liuer by bleeding when there is in the Pacient little bloud is not the best way but rather vse for that purpose such things as are of their owne nature cooling and take proper
thorow fault of the lunges and brest as sometime it doth in whom notwithstanding the vitall force may be sufficiently strong The contraries to these declare firme strength of the vitall vertue These thinges declare the animall po wers to be enfebled tumblings and tossings of the bodie the senses offended watchinges rauings and other principal actions hindered The contraries hereunto shew the contrarie that is firmnes strength of the animal vertue By these functions then you see how it may be coniectured what power in nature is hurt or offended Againe these powers are offended or seem enfebled two waies either because they are outwardly oppressed or because they languish inwardly of themselues in the euacuation it helpeth greatly to know the one from the other for the forces oppressed require large euacuatioÌ„ the other none at al. And the distinction of these is to bee sought out of their euident causes If causes haue gone before which haue already altered or wasted the substance of the forces naturall then wee may iudge them that they are faint and languished If these causes haue not been precedent but that the Patient is only troubled with an vnaccustomed ponderosity then these are but wronged and oppressed The euident and outwarde causes which alter the temperament of the setled vertues are burning Agues which melt the bodily moystures or whatsoeuer els that excessiuely heateth cooleth moysteneth or dryeth the sounde massiue strong and solide parts of the bodie The substance of these parts is wasted by very long sicknes which bringeth the Patient into an Atrophia that is a kind of consumption wherein the body consumeth away with leannesse and is not nourished albeit the sicke continually eate his meate Or into Tabes which is an other kinde of consumption wasting the body by long sickenes and lacke of nourishment consuming and putrifieng the Lites drying away the Patient for want of naturall moysture hauing matter and bloud mixt together The threefold spirit of the flowing humor is altered ether through some distemperature or some poisoned qualitie of the aire which compasseth vs about or through the il quallity of other thinges which violently breake in vppon vs or through some wâ—cked disposition of the bowels or other humours The heate of the aire not onely of that which outwardly compasseth vs about but also that which wee draw into our bodies by breathing inflameth first the lunges then the hart all the spirits so far till often times a feuer is kindled and caused thorow the same Thorow which distemperature of the spirits needs must the strength of the body languish becom enfeebled yea by this excessiue heat of the air the spirits are not only subiect to alteration of temperament but besides they are also thereby greatly wasted diminished Euen so in like maner immoderat cold outwardly the same receiued inwardly into the body by breathing weakneth the spirits inward heat yea soÌ„time altogether put out and extinguish the saá¹e The aire venemous pestilent drawen into the bodie with an infection quite ouerturneth the spirits of life and ofnature wherof â—nsuâ—th grieuous sicknesses to the body no litle decay of bodily strength yea life it selfe is taken away by the so daine disease commonly called the plague Now much more apparantly are the spirites infected with biâ—ings of Scorpions mad dogs and venemous beasts than by the contagion of the Aire Moreouer they are inwarde and hidden causes which doo greatly alter the spirits and whensoeuer any principall part of the bodie is troubled with any distemperature vpon any occasion If the same proceed far it must of necessity goe to the spirites there bred and ingendred And so by offending of them will lessen the strength and vertue of nature Also if any corruption of humor rule in the body the spirits are disperced and offended by the corruption or distemperature of the same humors Therefore when abundance of rawe humors passeth either the whole body or the stomacke and chiefly the mouth of the stomacke the substance both of inward heate and of the spirits waxe cold the Patient languisheth yea sometime hee giueth ouer the Ghost and soundeth Herevppon also when hot choler burneth as it were the inwarde spirits with immoderate heate or nippeth and pricketh the mouth of the stomacke it is the cause of no small euils in the body of man Sometime also it falleth out that some one or other humor in the body is mixed besprinckled or bedewed as it were with some kinde of venemous filth as when the seedy moysture is kept in and putrifieth Or menstruall termes in weomen longer retained than is their due course or when any clodded bloud remaineth behind and is not expelled the vapour of these and such like infecting and decaying the spirits bringeth sometime Sincope sometime suffocation of the wombe sometime the falling sickenes and such other mischiefes which greatly annoy the forces of nature And thus diuersly are the spiriets offended through distemperature Againe the substance of the spirits and naturall forces is diminished sometime euen of it self and as a man may speak voluntarily of his owne accord for the substance being of it selfe thin and wastable and included in an hot thin and open body Therefore of it selfe it dissolueth vaniâ—heth away Sometime the same is decayed by occasion of outwarde and euident causes as are namely these The aire which compasseth vs round hot and dry immoderate euacuations vehement motion affects of the minde paines watchinges great emptines and all vnprofitable excrements which cannot but carry with them from the body as they passe a great quantity or portion of the vitall spirits seeing their substance is spread ouer the whole body and also flowing with other humidities whereby it commeth to passe that whether the belly be very laxitiue by nature or by medecin or that the vrine bee made immoderately as in the infirmity called Diabete or that matter or water go plentifully forth of the brest stomack belâ—y or any great apostumation thereby of necessity the forces of nature must be mightely decayed Much more manifestly must it so fall out when there is any great euacuation of bloud or good humors whether the same pas forth of a wound the nose hemorroids Piles belly or other place In like maner abstinence which taketh away from the body needefull nourishment enfeebleth nature Labor likewise and heat disperseth the substance of the spirits by vapors sweat And therfore they which liue continually in labor about furnaces hot baths because daily some of their substance decayeth doo not commonly so abound with excrements as those that leade a slouthfull delicate and idle life Moreouer they that liue very incontinently haue also for the most part very enfeebled bodies able almost to abideno Phisick by a continuall decay of seedy moystures they haue their spirits mightely consumed wherof look before in the 8. cap. Fig. 17. Great ach paine worketh the same effect more than
taking that which comes to hand first or which appeareth greatest perhaps a sinew for a veyne so letting out the vitall spirits and killing many and when it is done this is all their defence to say the signe was there and he would needs be let bloud Vnction or annointing is oft vsed in this practise sometime we rub the member whose veyne is to be taken with oile that thorough the warmth thereof bloud may bee made the more flowing sometime the instrument is annointed as was saide before to mittigate the paine of the inflicted wound Sometime the wound it selfe is annointed that it may bee the longer time before it bee couered with the Scarre and that the humors left behinde may with the more liberty breath foorth and that the ill humors remaining may bee also the better dispersed Drinke and especially wine may bee very well taken both in the bleeding if Syncope happen and after bleeding to cause good bloud and to recouer againe the vitall spirits Bathing two or three daies before is vsed in some causes as was declared in the former chapter but not the selfe same day The common opinion is that bleeding must be done fasting and vppon an empty stomacke but this is not approoued of the best writers for many of them giue aduise to eate before bleeding a soft or poched egge with a draught of wine about nine or ten of the clocke â—n the forenoone and then presently to open a veyne For nature the stomacke being empty and being altogether destitute of nourishment doth mightily holdfast and retaine the bloud whereas when a little nourishment is taken in small quantitie as is a poched egge a draught of wine shee permitteth the bloud easily to passeforth It hath bin declared before Chapter 16. that if necessitie vrge there is no prescribed time of bleeding but that if the disease require the same may be done at all times yea euen in the night Yet the forenoone of the day is the most vsuall time There is an houre of necessitie which is any houre in the day or night and beside this hora necessitatis there is hora commodiâ—atis which is the morning or forenoone houre viz. Galen de Curan râ—tio per sang missio cap. 13. 20. in praesagio experientia Comprobatâ— cap. 4. Aetium lib. 3. cap. 16. Oribasi lib. 1. cap. 11. Moreouer if a veine opened send forth bloud whitish in coloure stay the same for it appeareth that the humours in the bodie are rawe colde and vndigested through defect of naturall and digesting heate This is affirmed by Aristotle lib. 1. 9. de animalibus and Hippocra witnesseth that alwaies womens termes appeare not in their proper colour that by reason of frigiditie and coldnes of white bloud they oftentimesvomit and haue fluxe of tearmes Finally as in purging so in bleeding as wee haue already said wee are to consider the standing of the wind in winter to bleed wheÌ„ the same is Sowtherly in Sommer when the same is Northerly For the North wind with cold tempereth the heat of the time The verses of Schola salerni Hac facienda tibi quando vis Phlebotomari Vel quando minuas fueris vel quaÌ„do minutus Vnctio siue lauacrum potus fascia motus Debent non fragili tibi singula mente teneri Before and after letting bloud all these are meete and requisite Vnguent a bath strong drinke and good with motion mean and bonds most fit Remember all doo none forgit A prescription or regiment of the patient after bleeding Chap. 20. WHen a sufficient quantity of bloud is withdrawen proportionable vnto the greatnes of the disease vnloose the bond and drie the wound lest beeing moistened with clodded bloud either it growe not together againe or bring some doubt of impostumation These thinges not done accordingly enforceth vs sometime the eight day after to open the wound againe If any piece of fat come forth the same must not be cut off but softly put againe into the wound When the wound is wiped cleane drie close vp the veine with linnen dipt in rose water or sweete water or with Oile if wee purpose to bleede againe Let the same bee tyed on with bondes not tooâ—hard for writhing the skinne or lippes of the wound If a sinew or Tendon be pricked yee heard in the chapter before what is to be done If there be doubt of fluxe of bloud or an inflammation through pricking of a sinew we may beside the premisses apply after the practise of others a plaster of Ceruse and in compas about that a Cataplasme of Housleeke Nightshade Plantaine and other cold things After bleeding lye a while on the backe for quietnes sake and to recreate the strength of nature and to recouer the vitall spirits He must not frequent his accustomed affaires nor moue his bodie hastely nor exercise himselfe immoderatly neither must he vse Venus delightes nor yet bath himselfe For the bloud and spirits naturall vitall and animall which haue of late bin vehemently stirred by bleeding are now by rest againe to be setled else the same bloud and spirites would by these outward vehement exercises bee inflamed and so wast and consume away Neither must the party presently sleep lest either the languishing heat be quite extinguished or the lessened spirits altogether ouerwhelmed Let him therefore watch and rest void of contention either in mind or in body When an houre or two is past after bleeding a litle meate may bee giuen him Little I say in quantity but of good iuice to nourish the bodie and profitable also to withstand the present disease when 2. hours are past this short repast he may then sleepe so as his keepers carefully take heed that he tumble and turne not himselfe on the arme that hath bled or that the bond by tumbling and tossing be not remooued which may cause the bloud to slow againe a fresh or some other displeasure to fall out Afterward the diet must bee increased by little and little both in respect of the quantity and of the goodnes of the meat Neither as yet must we hasten to a full diet for the heat of nature being abated by bleeding can not as yet receiue or digest aboundance of meat And againe the veines lately emptied would exhaust out of much aboundance of meat much raw and vndigested matter wherwith the whole bodie is stuffed againe If concoction bee perfected and accomplished so that we may eate great quantity of meat yet vse a moderation for to what purpose is it presently againe to stuffe the bodye with iuices and humours for the abating and taking away wherof we did so lately let bloud Therefore after bleeding the patient is to liue more finely and exquisitly and not to goe to his old intemperat diet againe as the dog to his vomit Neither are these intemperat persons meete men to be let bloud as we prooued and shewed before in the 8. Cap. Fig. 1. Of
alwaies that when sulnes hath adioined with it in the body corrupt humors or that with increase of much bloud there is also some euill and corrupted iuces as happeneth in that fulnes which is onely Quo ad vires and in continuall feuers ioyned with putrifaction than wee are both to let bloud and to purge as was shewed before in Chapter 4. Certaine very old english verses concerning the veines and letting of bloud taken out of a very auncient paper booke of Phisicke notes YE Maisters that vsen bloud-letting And therewith getten your liuing Here may you learne wisedome good In what place ye shall let bloud In man in woman or in child For euils that be wood and wild There beene veynes thirty and two For wile is many that must be vndo Sixteene in the head full right And sixteene beneath I you plight In what place they shall be found I shall you tell in what stound Beside the eares there beene two That on a child mote beene vndoo To keepe his head from euill turning And from the scale withouten letting And two at the temples must bleede For stopping and aking I reede And one is in the mid forehead For Lepry for sawcesleme that mot bleede Aboue the nose forsooth is one That for the frensie mote be vndone Also when the eien beene sore For the red gowt euermore And two other be at the eien end If they bleeden them to amend And the web that comes thorow smoking I you tell withoutâ—n leasing And at the hole of the throat there beene two That Lepry and straight breath will vndoo In the lips foure there beene Able to bleede I tell it be deene Two beneath and aboue also I tell thee there beene two For sorenes of the mouth to bleede VVhen it is flawne as I thee reede And two in the tongue withouten lie Mote bleede for the quiuancie And when the tongue is ought aking For all manuer of swelling Now I haue tolde of certaine That longer for the head I weene And of as many I will say That else where there beene in fay In euery arme there beene fife Full good to bleede for man and wife Cephalica is one iwis The head veyne he cleaped is The body aboue and the head He cleanseth fâ—o euill and qued In the bought of the arme also An order there must be vndoo Basilica his name is Lowest he sitteth there ywis Forsooth he clenseth the Liuer aright And all other members beneath I twight The middle is betweene the two Corall he is cleppid also That veine clenseth withouten doubt Aboue beneath within and without For Basilica that I of told One braunched veine sty vp ful bold To the thomb goeth that one braunch The Cardiacle he wil staunch That there braunch full right goeth To the little finger withouten oth Saluatell is his name He is a veine of noble fame There is no veine that clenseth so clene The stopping of the Liuer and Splene Aboue the knuckles of the feet With two veines may thou meet Within sitteth Domestica And without Saluatica Domestica clenseth well The bladder euery deal Siluatica withouten doubt He clenseth well for the gout In the hammes a woman shall bleede For stopping of her flours at neede A man shall bleede there also For the Hemotroids to fordo Two veines if thou vse I say The quartane thou maist void away All the veines thee haue I told That clenseth man both yong and old If thou vse them at thy need These foresaid euils they dare not dreed So that our Lord be them helping That all hath in his gouerning So mote it be so say all wee Amen amen for charitee A profitable obseruation of the bloud extracted Chap. 22. WHen the bloud floweth foorth of the wouÌ„d the same is to be receiued in clean wiped porringers of earth glasse tinne or siluer not of brasse lest the same cause alteration of the substance colour or other quallity of the bloud and so our iudgement by that occasion be peruerted corrupted Of these little vessels there must be many in number that in each of them the varietie of the bloud may appeare and be seene and they are to be set in a faire place that no dust smoke winde or Sunne come vnto them The first obseruation is the substance of the bloud which sometime is viscous cleaueth to the fingers like glue this floweth out but softly and slowly because it is thicke and it quickly againe congeleth This kind of bloud is the cause of obstructions in the body and of such diseases as are caused by obstructions That bloud which congealeth not so soon in the porringer is thin bloud And that which waxeth not hard being cold is watrish and putrified bloud Thicke viscous bloud and compacted hard is hardly cut or diuided thin bloud very easily putried bloud not at all but as soone as it is touched with ones finger or a knife it is torne rent as it were into small pieces Whey which is as it were a yellow water swimming on the bloud wehn it is clodded sheweth eitherimmoderat drinking or a weak Liuer as in hidropicall persons or weaknes of the raines and obstruction of the same For these diseases cause aboundance of watry wheyish matter in the veines mingled with the bloud The thicke bloud is verie hardly imparted or distributed among the small veines for thereby they would soone be obstructed Froth swimming on the bloud except the force of the fluxe haue caused it declareth heat and inflammation of that humour which the colour expresseth Red fome sheweth bloud yellowe fome choller white fome â—â—egme swart some melancoly The colour of the congealed bloud being very red in the top sheweth a good profitable qloud The colour red and cleere sheweth hot bloud as that of the arteries An obscure red colour expresseth a mean or mediocritie as is the colour of the bloud in the veines A citrine colour i of the colour of a citron golde or orâ—nge sheweth dominion of choler white colour dominion of flegme green colour superiority of adust choler and a colour swart or like lead sheweth aboundance of hurtful melancoâ—â—e with mortification of the spirites A mixture of diuers colours sheweth aboundance of diuers humours whether the coloured humors be putrified or no the substance of the bloud declareth White colour commeth of good concoction chiefly in those that haue full strength whose vrins appeare well concoct with most white residencies in the bottom The bloud of such persoÌ„s in the veines through concoction waxe white If the bloud be white in colour viscous in substance it signifieth adust flegme by reason of burning heat in the same If it bee not viscous but thin watâ—ish it sheweth natural flegme The best colour in bloud is red inclining to a certaine obscurity or darknes Purple colour very thin cleer sheweth choler as Galen witnesseth inpri de
application of Ventosas particularly in euâ—ry practise Boxing without scarrification are vsed to reuoke and pull backe matter called before revulsion or to turne bloud and humors aside which was called deriuation cap. 6. Thus cupping reuoketh bloud at the nose as yee heard aboue out of Galen by applying the Ventosas vnto the sides that is vpon the Lyuer and right side if out of the right nosethrills contra as before Thus we stoppe fluxe of termes applying a great cupping-glasse to the roote of the Paps as ye heard out of Hyppocrates Thus the falling downe of the wombe or matrix is reuoked by application of the cupping-glasse neere to the nauill Thus to reuoke matter from the head we apply them to the inside of the Thigh where note that this better prouoketh termes than the opening of Saphena vein Thus against stopping of termes we apply them to the inside of the Thigh where note that this better prouoketh termes than the opening of Saphena vein Thus against stopping of hemorroids we apply them to the inside of the Thigh where note that this better prouoketh termes than the opening of Saphena vein Cupping-glasses are not vsed for deriuation sake that is to turne bloud humors aside another way except when the body is first euacuated or when the humors are setled in any part and that the member is swollen in this case for deriuation sake we apply Ventosas to the hinder part of the necke than to the partes called Spatulae which ioine to the necke sometimes also to the but tocks and haunches Boxing with scarrification is vsed when some euacuation of bloud is required standing in steede of Phlebotomy as we said before when certaine occasions hinder the same First in this practise wee apply the Ventosas to the member Afterward we open that very part in many places in the skinne onely with a small penknife for the purpose and so applying the glasses againe wee euacuate bloud But wee must not doo this before the body bee first euacuated chiefly in vncleane and corrupt bodies lest too great abundance of humors bee drawen into that part Boxing with Scarrification is vsed either in the vpper partes in the middle partes or the lower partes of the body Cupping-Glasses applyed to the forepartes of the heade offende the Senses and vnderstanding Applyed on both the middle partes of the necke or vppon Nucham Puppis they stande in steede of opening Vena Nigra and they helpe heauinesse of the browes and lighten the eie-lids they helpe scabbines of the eies they cause both the Parent and the childe begotten by him to bee forgetfull Vuerkerus Ventosas applyed to the lower part of the neckwhich is called Acheal standeth in steed of opening Basilica they helpe pains of the shoulders and gullet that is the place whereby meate and drinke passeth into the stomacke they helpe diseases of the breast caused of bloud the crampe caused of bloud and trembling of the heart Ventosas applyed to the vpper part of the necke that is the very ioyning together of the head and necke are in steed of opening Cephalica and helpe in affects of the head as the shaking and particuler palsie of the head yea and in affects of the parts of the head and therfore it profiteth for toothach paines of the eies and eares but there must goe before purging of the whole body lest matter bee drawen vp againe to the heade and fill the same and so the diseases increase againe as Galen saith 13. Method Medend cap. 4. we must beware here in this case not to apply them thus too oft because they hurt the memory VVhere as a litle before we spake of an applicatioÌ„ which serued in steed of Basilica so we say now that Ventosas applied aboue Spondiles serueth also in steede of Basilica and cleanseth the breast and yet hurteth the mouth of the stomacke and causeth trembling of the heart and therefore they are subiect to these diseases must beware howe they vse them and yet according to Rhases 2. ad Almonson It helpeth in trembling of the heart caused of repletion and with heate But it should seeme that either Rhases meant of application of Ventosas to the lower part of the necke called Acheal which indeede as we said before helpeth trembling of the heart So confounding this application with the former VVhich the rather may so seeme because it is said that they both serue in steede of Basilica or els that this application hurteth the heart is ignorantly added and put to of some vndiscrete writer Ventosas applyed to or vnder the chinne helpeth the teeth the face and the throat clenseth the heade and the Iawes especially they cleanse the face from scabs and itch Ventosas applyed in the ioyning together of Spatula with the necke profiteth in passions of the face as scab or itch and in stincke of the mouth It may be that this application is euen the selfe same which immediatly went before And thus much of particuler application of Ventosas to the vpper parts Now of their application to the middle parts of the body applyed between the two Spatula his hands or hath allanderous tongue can do they help diseases of the brest caused of bloud and a crampe comming of the same case and in these two this application agreeth with that to the lower part of the necke before called Acheal but this last application hath two discommodities for they weaken the stomack and cause trembling of heart VVhere note that this application seemeth one and the selfe same with that Super spondiles and so it is true that was there saide concerning the offence of the stomacke and heart thereby Ventosas applyed aboue or vppon the raines helpe apostumations and pushes of the thighs or haunches scabs gowt and hemorroids leprosie windines of the bladder matrix itchings of the back and all diseases of the lower parts Ventosas applyed vnder those parts called in Latine Cauillas otherwise Alchahab helpeth stopping of termes the gowt in the feete and the Sciatica gowt and thus of application to the middle parts Thirdly concerning their application to the lower parts Ventosas applyed aboue or vppon the thighs or rather the shanke from the knee to the anckle which part of the leg in Latin is called Crus they stande in steede of Phlebotomy they mundefie the bloud prouoke termes and are better than the opening of Saphena to prouoke termes in white soft and weake women Ventosas applyed to the former part of Coxa That is the Thighes or Haunches helpeth apostumations of the testicles and woundes of the Thighes Haunches and Shanks applyed to the hinder part thereof they helpe apostumations of the Arse and Buttocks and goinges out of the fundament and blames and pushes in the same part Ventosas applyed betweene the two Anches That is hypsor buttocks helpeth the two Anches and the two inner partes of the thighs or hâ—unches Also the hemorroids the gowt in the fecte and ruptuâ—s