the Clitoris is not only Dilated but the Labii Pudendi are in like Manner Extended by Two Cavernous Bodies or Retia of Blood-Vessels plac'd on each Side the Orifice of the Vagina externally These are accurately describ'd by Reg. de Graaf de Mulierum Organis Cap. VII and call'd Plexus Retiformis F F Parts of the Musculus Sphincter Vaginae left at the Extremity of the Clitoris The Circular Fibres of this Muscle Encompass the Vagina on the Retiform Plexus and Compress its Veins which discharge their Blood into the Vein of the Clitoris A. By which Means the Plexus is fill'd with Blood and the External Orifice of the Vagina about the Carunculae Myrtiformes is straighten'd and adequately embraces the Penis in a Mutual Coitus Fig. 2. Part of the Clitoris cut off after Inflation and Drying A The little Head or Glans Clitoridis B Its Proper Membrane or Capsula C Its Cavernulous Contexture D It s Septum Fig. 3. The Pudendum and Fore-part of the Vagina Vteri Open'd A Part of the Vagina which lies under the Bladder of Urine B B The Vagina and Meatus Vrinarius divided C C The Corpus Glandulosum or Part Analogous to the Prostatae in Men divided D D The Ductus Secretorii or Lacunae of De Graaf within the Gland which have divers Ostiola about the Meatus Vrinarius whence Issues Part of the Matter emitted in Coitu Besides these Ducts arising from Glands plac'd about the the Meatus Vrinarius there are others of the same Kind in the Vagina and Two remarkable ones arising from Two very conspicuous Glands plac'd towards the Lower Part of the Orificium Pudendi by the Anus whose Ducts open at the Roots of the Carunculae Myrtiformes externally on each Side the Pudendum These and the above-mention'd Ducts discharge the Matter commonly call'd Semen E E E The Meatus Vrinarius open'd at whose Extremity divers of the aforesaid Ostiola appear F F The Labia Pudendi open'd G The Internal Rugous Membrane of the Vagina Vteri This Internal Membrane is much fuller of Rugae towards its Upper Part B C D here divided than in the Lower G next the Rectum As it approaches the Pudendum it becomes somewhat Narrower and behind or above the Orifice of the Meatus Vrinarius it frames a Valvulous Appearance in Virgins of above 16 or 17 Years of Age. In Girls of 7 or 8 it appears to be a Transverse Membrane having a Small Perforation towards its Upper Part. When the Hymen is broke whether in Coitu or otherwise the divided Parts of it make the Carunculae Myrtiformes whence it is the Figure and Number of those Caruncles are uncertain Wierus Parry Hildanus and others give us Histories of Cases where the Hymen has been Impervious after Twenty-Two Years of Age and such a Quantity of Menstrua Pent in the Vagina c. extend the Lower Belly as if they had gone with Child Some Years since I was call'd by my Ingenious Friend Dr. Chamberlin to see a Marry'd Woman of above Twenty Years of Age whose Lower Belly was very much Distended as if with Child Upon Examining the Pudendum we found the Hymen altogether Impervious and driven out beyond the Labia Pudendi in such Manner that at First Sight it appear'd not unlike a Prolapsus Vteri In the Upper Part towards the Clitoris we found the Orifice of the Meatus Vrinarius very open and its Sides Extruded not unlike the Anus or Cloaca of a Cock and without any Difficulty I could put my Fore-finger into the Bladder of Urine On dividing the Hymen at least a Gallon of Grumous Blood of divers Colours and Consistencies came from her which was the retain'd Menstrua The next Day no less a Quantity of the same Matter flow'd after removing the Pessary which I had put in the Day before After Three or Four Days she was easie and soon after recover'd and with in a Year was deliver'd of a healthful Child Her Husband told us Tho' lying with her at First was very painful to himself as well as to her yet at last he had a more easie Access which could be by no other Way than the Meatus Vrinarius Fig. 4. The Vterus Ovaria and Falloppian Tubes Dissected A B B The Fundus Vteri open'd to shew the Cavity and Thickness of its Sides C C The Collum Vteri leading from the Vagina to the Fundus likewise open'd D The Os Tincae or Orifice of the Collum Minus E The Vagina Vteri divided to shew its Rugae F F The Cavity of the Fundus Vteri as it appears before Impregnation it being of a somewhat Triangular Figure and not exceeding the Magnitude it 's here represented of Between D and F is the Collum Minus or Cervix Fundi Vteri where divers Rugae are truly represented in whose Sulci are the Orifices of divers small Tubes which arise from a Glandulous Contexture of the Vessels of this Part whence proceeds a Pituitous Serous Matter as may be seen by Compressing this Part externally De Graaf de Mul. Organ Generat Inseroi Cap. VIII acknowledges his Ignorance to what End this Matter is here separated unless it be to moisten the Parts and excite Venery c. In preparing a Humane Vterus after Three Months Impregnation I found the Os Tincae and Collum Minus very much dilated and fill'd with a very Tough Glutinous Matter The like is taken Notice of by Spigellius Lib. VIII Cap. XXIII As the Time of the Partus draws in the Os Tincae still becomes Larger and the Glutinous Matter encreases whereby it prevents Abortions by opposing any Extrusion of the Chorion notwithstanding the Efforts made by the Foetus from within towards the Time of the Partus This Glutinous Matter also hinders the Intrusion of any Thing from the Vagina after Impregnation When this Matter is Vitiated as in a Fluor Albus Impregnation is Hindered G H H The Orifices of the Falloppian Tubes in the Two Superior Angles of the Fundus Vteri I I I I Two Probes Inserted into each of the last mention'd Tubes K A small Constricture in the Mouth of the Tube L L The Right Falloppian Tube Open'd and Expanded whose Internal Membrane is somewhat Rugous M N The Right Ovaria entire O O O The Fimbriae or Expansum Foliacium Tubae P P A Broad Ligament between the Ovarium and Tube not unlike to a Bat's Wing Q The Left Ovaria Open'd R R The External Membrane of the Ovarium S S T T Divers Glands and Transparent little Vessicules which compose the Ovaria V V The Peritonaeum or External Tegument of the Vterus which is call'd the Ligamentum Latum W W Portions of the Ligamenta rotunda Vterina THE FIFTY-SECOND TABLE THE Cavity of the Abdomen after its Viscera are remov'd A A The Common and Proper Integuments of the Abdomen Dissected and turn'd Aside B B The Diaphragma in Situ It Arises Tendinous on the Right Side from the Third Second and First Vertebra of the
the Largeness Short and Streight Course of the Emulgents and their Vicinity to the Left Ventricle of the Heart is very Rapid which discharges a great Quantity of Urine soon after the Use of Chalybeat Waters or other plentiful Drinking whilst it is infinitely more slow in the Salival Glands Pancreas Liver c. We shall not here recite any further Particulars hoping the Reader will peruse our Tables and Discourse of the several Organs Having done with our Doctrine of the First Order of Natural Functions we proceed to the Second or those which serve for the Propagation of the Species which Naturally divides its self into Two Parts viz. Generation and Accretion or what concerns the Foetus in its Formation and by what means and steps it 's carried on to an Adult State Since Animal Bodies are Transient and Temporary the Author of Nature has endued them with the Power of Propagation and a Set of Proper Organs to continue their Species and furnish a constant Supply of new Individuals From the Difference of which Organs of Generation Arises the difference of Sexes All Animals have been Divided into Viviparous and Oviparous till Dr. Harvey remov'd the Distinction by Demonstrating all Living Creatures to derive their Original from Eggs with this Difference only in one the Foetus is perfected within and in the other without the Mothers Body This Doctrine of that great Man has since been fully evinc'd by the repeated Dissections Observations and Experiments of Later Anatomists No Species of Fowls Fishes and Quadrupedes are found to want them The Foetus being sometimes found in the passage between the Ovarium and Vterus â—ad the Alveoli deserted by them are sufficiently discernable in all Animals after Impregnation so that the Existence of These cannot be doubted or that there is a perfect Conformity between the Pullus in Ovo and the Foetus in the Womb. But here we must distinguish the Essential and Constituent Parts from those which are only Alimentary and Accessory It is the Cicatricula alone in the Eggs of Fowls in which reside the Rudiments of the Foetus whilst the Vitellus and Albumen prepare and supply its Nourishment both bearing an exact Analogy to the Lobes and Plantula Seminalis in Vegetable Seeds The Seminal Vesicula or Ovum found in the Testes of Women c. agrees in every respect with the Cicatricula and the other Parts are unnecessary because the Foetus is nourish'd by Aliment supplied from the Mothers Body Since the Discovery of these Eggs the Ancient Doctrine that the Foetus was Form'd from the Commistion of the Male and Female Seed has been by all Rejected and that Liquour which has been taken by all preceding Ages for Seed in the Latter is found to be only a Mucous Matter Secreted from the Glands of the Vagina Tab. 51. F. 3. C. and discharg'd without the Body which in Mares Cows and many other Animals is in much greater Quantity than is possible to be contain'd in their Testes Tho' Generation ex Ovo may be justly reputed among the Modern Improvements of Anatomy yet this did not altogether escape the Notice of the Sagacious Hippocrates who in his Book De Natura Pueri informs us the Embryo after Conception is Included in a Membrane exactly resembling an Egg without its Shell and describes the Rudiments of the Vmbilicus and Placenta with its Plexus of Blood-Vessels and the Pellucid Liquor of the Amnios after the same Manner as Represented Tab. 57. Fig. 2. This Accurate Observation he acquaints us he made from an Abortion artificially procur'd within Six Days after Conception to preserve the Reputation of an Incontinent Wench which remarkable Passage not ordinarily taken Notice of was shewn me by my very Ingenious Friend Dr. Fern. Much of the same Age or something more and agreeing with the Description of Hippocrates are the Secundines which the Learned Dr. Hannes keeps among his other Anatomical Collections Upon the Invention of these Ova De Graaf and Others who have successfully employ'd themselves in their Enquiries on this Subject began to Erect an Opinion That the Female only furnish'd the Matter of the Foetus and the Male serv'd to Actuate it by its Prolifick Influence This Opinion which derogates much from the Dignity of the Male-Sex prevail'd till Mons. Leeuwenhoeck by the Help of his Exquisite Microscope in which he has been well pursued by Mr. Melling detected Innumerable small Animals in the Masculine Sperm and by this Noble Discovery at once remov'd that Difficulty and added much to the Theory of Generation In his Letter to the Royal-Society he Acquaints them he had observ'd Incredible Numbers of these Animalcula in the Testicles of Froggs so slender as not to exceed the Thousandth Part of a single Hair with a Head proportionably larger than the rest of their Body all Variously moving to and fro That he had found the same in the Testicles of all Animals which he had Inspected and in another he gives them an Account That in the Spawn of a Cabeliaw he had found them to be still Lesser and more than Ten Thousand Swimming about in a Portion of Seed not exceeding a Grain of Sand and pretending to find by a Formal Computation all the Animals contain'd in the Lactes of this Fish to exceed more than Ten times the Number of Men on the Surface of the Earth Foecundation he esteems to proceed from one of these Numerous Animalcula after Ejection striking thro' the Pores or Perforations on the Sides of the Ovum and Lodging it self in the Cicatricula which is dispos'd to Receive and Nourish it From this surprizing Discovery it is evident That no Aura Seminalis or Influx of Active Spirituous Matter do's Delineate the Foetus and that Observation of Malpighius Illustrated That before Impregnation no Vestigia of the Pullus could be found and yet in some few Hours after it is distinct and visible Having thus taken a short Prospect of the Materials we must proceed to the Order and Progress of Generation from the Inchoation till the Perfection of the Foetus in the Womb and its Exclusion and thence till its full Growth or Dimensions prescrib'd by Nature to the Species The Arteriae Spermaticae in Men bring the Blood to the Testes in whose Convolutions it is Prepar'd and carry'd by the Vasa Deferentia to the Vesiculae Seminales where it is Lodg'd till in the Time of Coition it is Injected into the Vagina Vteri The Manner of the Erection of the Penis in applying it to the Transverse Ligament of the Ossa Pubis by the Musculi Erigentes and the Constriction of the Corpus Cavernosum Vrethrae by the Musculi Acceleratores to Stop the Refluent Blood and Inflate the Bulb and Cavernous Bodies I shall wave Repeating having amply Describ'd this Artifice in the Appendix to my Myotomia Reformata The Semen Injected into the Vagina of the Woman is Convey'd to the Ovaria thro' the Womb it self and the Falloppian Tubes which
in Order to drive on its Contents Besides this Office of the Muscular Fibres of the Intestines by their Reciprocal Co-operation they not only Compress their Subjacent Glands and Drive out their contain'd Mucus to join with the Aliment but by Collaterally pressing each Side of the Guts they Open the Mouths of the Lacteal-Vessels to receive the Chyle Fig. 40. Represents a Portion of the Intestinum Iejunum Distended with Wind it s External Membrane and Muscular Fibres being taken off A A Some of the Semicircular Fibres still remaining on the Intestine C C Divers Small Glands scater'd at Various Distances between the last mention'd Clusters of Glands We are beholding to the Learned Wepher and the Accurate Peyer for the Discovery of these Clusters of Glands of the Small Guts as well as those Solitary Glands scatter'd up and down in the Large Guts Tho' Dr. Willis and Others had mention'd a Glandulous Membrane of the Guts yet it Furnisht us with no tollerable Idea of their Existence and Office They are supplied with Blood-Vessels Nerves and Lympheducts in Common with the Intestines and Excretory Ducts of their own but I can by no means think the Nerves Import any Part of the Matter which these Glands Discharge by their Excretory Pores into the Cavity of the Intestine Peyer takes Notice that these Glandulous Clusters are plac'd in that Part of the Gut Opposite to its Connection with the Mesentery but you will frequently find them near the Mesentery yet I never found them in that Part of the Gut to which the Mesentery is Connected The Matter they separate from the Blood and Discharge by their Excretory Pores into the Cavity of the Gut is very Tenacious and since it s Comprest from them by the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts at the very instant the Alimentary Contents are passing by it affords us no mean Argument that it cannot so join with them as to render any of the Chylous Particles more fit to pass the Mouths of the Lacteal Vessels but that it only serves as a Vehicle to those Contents of the Guts and Defends the Inward Villous Membrane from being Offended either by Sharp Humours or any Acuminated Bodies which often pass that Way The Glands of the Coecum Colon and Rectum which are Analogous to these of the Small Guts differ very much from them in Figure and Situation the Former lying in Clusters whereas these from their Appearance Peyer and Others call Solitary Glands they being Small Lentiformal and very Numerous plac'd from each other at Various Distances not unlike the Stars in the Firmament All these Glands of the Intestines as well as those of the Stomach Liver and Pancreas are Affected with Cathartick Medicines and Help to Discharge the Matter Evacuated by Stool by Affected I don't mean that the Purging Medicine bestows any Particles immediately as it passes by them into the Cavity of the Gut but that after its Particles are past into the Blood by the Chyle Ducts it meets with a Fit Strainer in the Parts last mention'd as well as these Glands by which it passes off again with the Serous Part of the Blood FINIS THE INDEX A. ABdomen or Lower Belly Open'd Tab. 33 40. of a Woman T. 49. with Child T. 54 55 56. of a Foetus T. 62 63. its Integuments T. 31. Muscles vide Muscles Cavity T. 41 49 52. Acesabuâ—â—nt T. 99. Fig. 2. Acretion of Parts in General v. Introduction Acromion v. Bones Scapula Adipose Ducts their Use T. 4. F. 13. Allontois T. 55 56 57. F. 7. T. 58 59. whence call'd T. 59. a Description of it ib. its Use ib. whether Existent in Humane Bodies T. 58. Alveariâ—â—n v. Ear Meatus Auditorius Alveoli T. 92. F. 5. Amnios T. 55 56 57. F. 37. T. 58 59. Transparent full of Vessels T. 55 59. Uses of its contain'd Liquor T. 58. Glands in it in Cows and their suppos'd Use T. 55. Amygdals v. Tonsils Anasiomoses of Arteries and Veins v. Arteries Anatomy prov'd Useful in Surgery Introduct T. 15. F. 2. T. 72. Ap. F. 2. Aneon v. Bones Ulna Animal Spirits the Common Hypothesis concerning them Rejected T. 10. F. 6. Annular Cartilage T. 24. F. 5 6 7 8. Ap. F. 20 22 23. Anâ—hesix v. Ear External Antitragus ib. Aquaeductus Ateris Ap. F. 8. Arm T. 1 2 3. Arteries their Tunicks External T. 24. F. 4. Middle or Fibrous T. cad F. 5. Internal T. cad F. 6. farther they run from the Heart they Subdivide and Grow Thinner ib. their Extremities Transparent ibid. View'd in the Fin of a Living Grig Ap. F. 4. of a Flounder F. 5. Arteries and Veins a continu'd Channel ib. Tying them Advis'd in cutting off the Breast T. 19. F. 5. in Amputation T. 64. F. 8. Direction for Tying them in an Aneurism of the Arm Ap. F. 3. how to Secure the Artery of the Lower-Part of the Face c. in Incisions T. 12. F. 14 Aneurism in a Small Artery coming out of the Skull to the Forehead and how Cur'd T. 5. F. 1. a System of them by Bidloo Erroneous T. 24. F. 15. an Exact one Ap. F. 3. Aorta or great Artery T. 22. F. 1 7. Ap. F. 3. its Valves Semilâ—â—â—r T. 22. F. 13. Ascending Trunk T. 24. F. 1. Ap. F. 3. Descending Trunk T. 41 42 49 50 63. F. 1 2. Ap. F. 3. Coronal of the Heart T. 22. F. 11. Ap. F. 3. Subclavian Ap. F. 3. Carotid T. 6. F. 6. T. 9. F. 3. T. 14. F. 1. T. 15. F. 1 2. Ap. F. 3 8 28 30. their Contortions T. 6. F. 6. Ap. F. 3. Reason of them T. 6. F. 6. passing by the Sella Turcica Ap. F. 3 26. Vertebral Ap. F. 3 8 28 30. their Contortions Ap. F. 3. Reason of them ib. their Cavities sometimes Larger there ib. Ascending on the Medulla Oblongata ib. Cervical Ap. F. 28. Communicant Branches Ap. F. 3 28. Lower-part of the Face Tongue T. 12. F. 4. Ap. F. 3. Temporal Ap. F. 3. its Branches to the Parotid Gland ib. Temples ib. Occipital ib. Inosculates with the Temporal ib. Of the Fauces Uvula c. ib. Larynx c. ib. Muscles of the Neck and Scapula ib. Mammary T. 32. F. 1. Ap. F. 3. Inosculate with the Intercostals and Epigastrick ib. Muscles of the Shoulder and Scapula ib. Arillary being the Beginning of the Brachial T. 64. F. 8. Ap. F. 1 3. an Account of their Progress Ap. F. 3. their Division at the Cubit ib. a Communicant Branch ib. where Wounded in Letting Blood F. 1. Cubit which makes the Pulse at the Wrist T. 67. Ap. F. 3. Hands and Fingers Ap. F. 3. Bronchial Ap. F. 3. their Rise ib. Inosculate with the Pulmonary T. 24. F. 1. Ap. F. 3. Of the Gula Ap. F. 3. Intercostal ib. Celiack T. 42. Ap. F. 3. its Various Ramifications making the Hepatick T. 38. F. 5. Ap. F. 3. Systick Ap. F. 3. Coronary Inferior of the Stomach T. 33 34. F. 5. Ap. F. 3. Pylorick Ap.