Selected quad for the lemma: woman_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
woman_n	belly_n	child_n	womb_n	1,413	5	9.6916	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A30877	Thesaurus chirurgiae : the chirurgical and anatomical works of Paul Barbette ... composed according to the doctrine of the circulation of the blood, and other new inventions of the moderns : together with a treatise of the plague, illustrated with observations / translated out of Low-Dutch into English ... ; to which is added the surgeon's chest, furnished both with instruments and medicines ... and to make it more compleat, is adjoyned a treatise of diseases that for the most part attend camps and fleets ; written in High-Dutch by Raymundus Minderius.; Chirurgie nae de hedendaeghse practijck beschreven. English	Barbette, Paul, d. 1666?; Barbette, Paul, d. 1666? Pest-beschrijving. English.; Fabricius Hildanus, Wilhelm, 1560-1634. New Feldtartznybuch von Kranckheiten und Shäden. English.; Minderer, Raymund, 1570?-1621. Medicina militaris. English.	1687 (1687)	Wing B701; ESTC R15665	250,985	581

the Birth If any one of these be wanting then one of these four things necessarily happens either 1. Both the Mother and the Child although they may live yet there follows no Exclusion 2. Or the Mother lives and the Child dies 3. Or the Child lives and the Mother dies 4. Or both the Mother and Infant dies Causes hindering Labour are 1. When the Pains of the Birth are none or not sufficient 2. The great weakness of the Mother 3. The greatness and strength of the Child and on the contrary the slender and tender Constitution of the Mother or when the passages are so straight that the Infant cannot come through them 4. The number of Children especially if they endeavor to come forth at the same time 5. The transverse or any other preternatural posture of the Child 6. If the Child in the Birth it self be fallen down with its Head upon the fore-port of the Ossa-Pubis which case Authors of the greatest account whom I know and our Midwives have not at all observed so by how much the greater the Pains of the Birth are there is so much the less hope of coming out except the Head be first a little raised and the Foetus be turned towards the back and so into its true passage by the hand of the Midwife 7. The Weakness of the Child it self which makes it not able to add any thing towards its Exclusion 8. The Death of the Child 9. The not sufficient recesses of the Hip-bones towards the Back for the Ossa-Pubis except in the very hardest Labours and then but very seldom do divide The Signs of a Dead Child are as followeth The Mother feels no more the Motion of the Infant although strengthening Cordials be exhibit'd but in this case when the Infant is as it were tir'd stirs it self a little you have a much more certain Sign Take a piece of the Crum of Bread and dip it in Canary Wine and apply it to the Navel of the Mother then open a Vein in the Foot and if by the use of these things there follows not a motion of the Infant it is a very ill Sign When the Mother turns her self from one side to the other and perceives the Child to fall on the side laid upon like a stone or a great weight the Face and chiefly the Lips grow pale the extream parts cold as likewise the lower Belly the Paps begin to grow lank the Breath becomes fetid great pains of the Head Faintings and Fevers Water and stinking Gleet flows out of the Womb If the After-Birth be excluded before the Child 't is impossible the Child can live long but the surest sign of all is if the Membrane of the Head of the Child be not observed to be any longer tense for as long as it is tense the Infant lives Prognostick Except the dead Child be suddenly drawn forth it puts the Mother in great hazard of Life The Fever not being great other Symptoms though great and fearful yet take not away the hope of recovery The Cure If Medicines with the aid of Mother and Midwife profit little then must the business be committed wholly to the Chirurgeon except the Woman be too weak or the Child having been dead for many days which he ought to consider lest he lose both his Credit and Labour But first it is diligently to be enquired into which of the Causes it is that hinders the Birth If the Child be greater and the passage straighter than usually they ought to be dilated this some Midwives do with convenient Instruments and so draw forth the Child alive but where they are wanting the Midwife must clutch her hand very close and thrust through the Internal Orifice into the Womb it self then putting her Fingers one after another through the Orifice into the inner part of the Womb to discover the situation of the Child and if she finds the Arms or Feet to come inconveniently let her gently raise it up bringing the Head downwards which if she finds to be next the Orifice if possible let her put in her other hand through the Pudenda into the Womb and so with both her hands laying hold of it draw it forth But if this Operation cannot be performed then with a hook firmly fixt lest it injure the inside of the Womb in the Mouth Eye or Ear of the Child and so gently draw it forth and if the Faetus will not follow then with another Hook blunt on the out-side and sharp within let him cut in pieces the Belly Breast or Head of the Child and if the Arms or Legs cannot be brought forth let him cut them off so at length being deprived of its Limbs the remainder may be drawn forth But if by this way the Woman can neither be deliver'd with a sharp and strong Knife the Limbs one after another are to be cut out and so the Child be drawn forth by piece-meal It is necessary that this be perform'd by none but a good Anatomist The Secundine will presently follow the Birth for it 's of no use that being excluded for the Mouth of the Womb suddenly after delivery is so closly shut that not without great pain it can admit the Hand of the Midwife therefore the Midwife as soon as may be is to draw it forth and with her fingers if it sticks very close to the Womb gently to separate it but not pluck it a way forcibly which is mortal and although many Writers and Midwives of inferior Rank little regard the retention of the After-Birth for some time after delivery yet I think I have good reason to pronounce it one of the greatest Symptoms of Womens Labour CHAP. XXIV Of the Extirpating of a Mortified Part. WHen a Dead Part altogether becomes useless that it may not do any injury to the neighboring Parts it is to be taken away But in what place Most convenient is the Joynt but the cure by such Extirpation is render'd more difficult and the use of the Part altogether lost therefore the Extirpation is better to be made two or three or more fingers breadth below the Joynt except the Mortification hath extended it self to the uppermost part of the Arms or Thighs for then we are forced to take the Joynt it self But again in what Part whether in the whole or Mortified The Amputation is more safe in the sound Part although accompanied with greater Pain The common way both of the Ancient and Modern The Patient having receiv'd convenient nourishment is to be placed upon a Form then let the Skin and fubjacent Muscles be drawn up as much as possible by a strong Man and there kept and an inch above the place where the Member is design'd to be taken off with a narrow Ligature is the Part to be very hard bound this done with a dismembring Knife the Skin with the Flesh is speedily to be cut all round to the Part and the Periostium by scraping is to be separated from the Bone

it well observing here that the Arm during the whole time of Cure must remain in that posture in which it was extended otherwise the Fracture will upon the least change of its posture slip out again Where yet 't is to be understood that the Chirurgeon after the second or third dressing as often as after that he dresseth the Patient must stretch out his Arm strait to the end that the Tendons which run from the Arm and are inserted below the Elbow shrinking by the long lying still may not cause a troublesome stiffness However this shrinking of Tendons which are by pretenders to Chirurgery ridiculously call'd Nerves may yet conveniently be cured in two or three months if you make the Patient to carry every day some weight and endeavor to relax and mollifie the Tendons with Fomentations and Embrocations abstaining from the use of any Brandy or any other corroborating and astringent Medicines I have always found successful the following Unguent Take Man's and Duck's Grease of each one ounce Oyntment of Marsh-mallows half an ounce Oyl of Earth-worms white Lilly and Camomile of each two drams Make an Oyntment This broken Bone is cured in forty days The restoring of the broken Thigh-bone hath nothing different from this 12. The Elbow hath two Bones of which the greater is called Radius the lesser Ulna both Fociles The small Focile being broken 't is easie to restore it The Cure is harder when the great one is broken and yet harder when both are broken In which case the extention is to be made the stronger When they be well set and bound up then must the hand be placed a little higher upon the Chest than the Elbow and afterwards every second or third day without pain or violence the Arm is gently to be stretch'd out to the end that the Humors flowing thither and there staying too long may not cause a concretion in the Bones and a stiffness in the Arm as not extensible any more It is cured in thirty days 13. The Leg hath also two Bones the greater called Tibia and the lesser Fibula Their Cure had nothing different from the next foregoing 14. If the Patella or Knee-pan break cross-ways the Patient commonly remains lame If it break long-ways then by the Muscles that draw upwards without any great help of the hands it is almost of it self restored and cured in twenty days CHAP. V. Of the Nature Difference Signs Causes Prognosticks and Cure of Dislocations in general A Dislocation is a forcing of the Bone out of its cavity and natural place into another hindering voluntary motion The Differences are taken 1. From the manner for sometimes the Bone is altogether forced out of its place and that is properly called Luxation or Dislocation Sometimes it is got out but a little or half which is called Sub-laxation or Elongation 2. From the Cause for sometimes it is from an external accident as by wrestlings Falls or Blows c. Sometimes from internal Causes by the afflux of Humors The Causes are of two sorts 1. External Such as are Falling Beating Running Wrestling and vehement extention as it often happens to Women in Labour through the unskilfulness of Midwives yea by a violent stroke or fall even the Bones of the Infant in the Womb may be dislocated 2. Internal By the afflux of Humors which falling into the Joints relax and resolve the Ligaments and so causeth the Bones to slip out of their places The Signs especially in a lean Body are manifest enough The Bone causeth in the place to which it is forced a tumor or rising and in that whence it is forced a cavity If there be a perfect Dislocation the Member will be drawn up and shorter unless the luxation happen by the laxity of the Ligaments than it becomes longer the part is painful chiefly upon motion In a Subluxation these Accidents are lesser and seldom all together Prognosticks In Children and other tender Bodies the Bones may be reduced more easily but are kept in with more difficulty the contrary happens in strong and full grown persons The Dislocation of the Head is mortal that of the Vertebra's dangerous and that which is inveterate is hard to be cured That which proceeds from an inward Cause is of a slower Cure and does easily return Cure The Bone forced out must be reduced to its place either by the Hands Ligatures or Instruments but by which of these three it shall be performed the Nature of the affected part will declare 'T is certain that these four Manual Operations Extention Setting Binding and Well-placing must here be used as well as in Fractures of Bones Extention must be made so great that there may be a cavity between the Bone that remains well and that which hath been forced away to the end that in the setting the one may not rub against the other whence afterwards are wont to rise very grievious and sometimes incurable Accidents In the Setting care must be had not to wrest the Bones nor the Muscles but to keep their natural figure Before you proceed to binding up the Member endeavour to preserve the part from inflammation and flux of Humors and strengthen it with the following Medicines A strengthening Plaster Take Frankincense Mastick Bole-armonick Dragons-Blood of each half an ounce fine-Flower an ounce Roots of great Comfrey two drams Weather-Sewet three ounces white-Wax as much as sufficeth to make a Plaister Another Take Litharge Wax Rosin of each three ounces being melted over the fire add to them of great Comfrey Bean-Meal Bole-armonick steeped in Vinegar and dried of each three ounces Tragacanth two ounces Make it into a Plaister If the pain or other symptoms do not necessarily require it you ought not to loosen the Bandage before the fifth sixth or seventh day and then do it with as little motion as is possible Lastly lay the Part even and in such a posture in which when found it can longest remain without trouble If you find the Dislocation accompanied by an Inflammation beware of extending the part or doing ought to it before that be removed which you are to do first with emollient and afterwards with discutient Medicines An Emollient Unguent Take the compound Ointment of Marsh-mallows two drams Hogs-grease half an ounce Oyl of white-Lillies Roses and Mirtles as much as is sufficient to make it into a Linament A Discutient Plaister Take Colophony Frankincense Mastick Pitch of each an Ounce Cummin-seeds Fennel-seeds of each six drams Wax and Oyl of Dill as much as sufficeth Mix them and make it into a Plaister CHAP. VI. Of particular Dislocations 1. THe Jaw-bone except it be in young Children can hardly be dislocated otherwise than forwards Sometimes it is only dislocated in one side and is easily restored sometimes in both in which case it is difficult to set and very dangerous and often mortal It is very seldom luxated from a debility of the Muscles sometimes from the laxity of the Ligaments for

either with hands or Bandage and mean while reduce it into its place If the Hip be forced out forward the Groin is swoln and the Buttocks fallen the Leg is neither longer nor shorter nor cannot be bent but with trouble and the Urine is suppressed Though it be not set aright yet the Patient in time will be able to go well enough upon it though sometimes it falls out that he must somewhat trail his Leg after him To restore it let the Patient lie on his sound side and strongly stretch out his Leg press it into its former place and in case the hand be too weak thrust it in with your Knee If it be dislocated backward the Patient can neither stretch out nor bend his Leg nor is he able to bring his Heel to the ground and if he should force himself to do so he would fall backward the Leg is shorter there is a hollowless in the Groins and if the Buttocks be pressed upwards you shall find an unusual swelling Though it be not put in yet the pain will in time vanish and then the Leg may be bent again but it remains shorter and straight nor is the Foot turned inward nor outward Lay the Patient on his Belly and strongly extend his Leg mean time apprehend the Thigh bone above the Knee stretch it outward from off the sound Leg press the Head into its Cavity in which yet it will not stay if thenceforth the Patient do not keep himself very quiet 10. The Dislocations of the Tibia and Fibula are cured after the same manner as those of the Cubitus and Radius 11. If the Knee pan be out of its place let the Patient stand upright and press it in again lay on the side whence it hath been forced away a hollow Splint answerable to the shape of the said Pan and below in the cavity of the Leg put one or more compressing Splints binding the whole Leg so stiff that the Knee may not bend CHAP. VII Of Ruptures HAving thus roughly handled the boney and hard parts of the Body it now follows that I treat the soft and fleshie more gently and describe their Synthesis or re-unition again Therefore I begin with the broken Peritonaeum which sometimes gives way to the Intestines at other times to the Cawl and not seldom to both to get out of their natural place into the Groins or Scrotum there causing a Rupture called Entorocele or Hernia Intestinalis if the Guts come out an Epiplocele or Hernia Omentalis if the Omentum or Cawl be out The Peritonaeum is made up of two strong but soft Membranes which do so contain whatsoever is included in the Belly or lowest Cavity that when sound nothing can fall out In Women the Os Pubis is its utmost Limit In Men its outermost Membrane reaches farther and constitutes the first proper Coat of the Testicles In the Groins it comprehends the Seminal Vessels as in a Sheath called Processus or Productio Peritonaei This being stretch'd or enlarged or coming to burst is the proximate cause to the lately mentioned Ruptures The Groins therefore are the usual places of Ruptures But do not imagine that the Peritonoeum cannot be distended or burst in other places and there to cause a Rupture It happens sometimes above the Navel yet seldom Beneath and on the side of the Navel far above the Groins I have not only seen it often with many others but seen it ordered and dressed just like an Abscess the Chirurgeon giving no other reason for his mistake than that it was not the place of Ruptures which those that love the Art and their own Honour may take notice of Most times the Ileon falls down yet sometimes the other Guts come out with it and fall into the Scrotum which cannot come to pass by a simple distention of the abovesaid process but that necessarily in all such great Ruptures it must be broken The Causes which make the Peritonaeum to burst or to dilate are Falling Leaping Blows bearing of heavy Burdens strong Vomiting or Coughing difficult going to Stool Winds retained and all vehement Motions of the Body Signs The Tumor is sometimes bigger sometimes lesser sometimes altogether vanisht but with the least Motion returning Though the Caul or Intestines should be fallen down never so much they may easily without any pain be thrust in again unless Wind or Excrement hinder it in which case the Rupture is very painful If the Intestines be full of Wind the whole belly is tense you may hear a noise and the Patient breaks Wind upwards and downwards If the Excrements be grown hard the Patient goes with difficulty to Stool and the swelling weight and hardness little by little encreaseth If the Peritonaeum be only relaxed and widened then the Tumor from little becomes bigger by degrees but if it be broken it suddenly descends Prognosticks In little Children Ruptures are easily cured in aged people slowly or not at all especially if the Peritonaeum be burst If the Intestines be filled with Wind or Excrements there follows pain and if that be not suddenly removed an Inflamation Gangrene and at last Death it self Cure Lay the Patient on his Back with his Legs on high and a little asunder by which it often comes to pass that the Caul or the Intestines return of themselves into their former place but that not happening press them in gently with your fingers And if you cannot effect this by reason of Wind or hardened Excrements then use the following Medicines Where the Excrements are indurated Take Roots of Marsh-mallows two ounces of white Lillies one ounce Leaves of Mallows Violets Pellitory of the Wall of each half a handful Flowers of Camomile and Melilot of each two pugils Bran half a handful Boil them in Water and to the Liquor Add of Barly and Bean-meal of each three ounces Lin-seed and Fenugreek of each two drams Oyl of Roses and white Lillies Ducks-Fat and Hens Fat of each an ounce Make it into Cataplasm In case this Cataplasm be not sufficient or seems not to be so then bathe the Patient two or three hours in Oyl sweet Milk or Water wherein Emollients have been boyled not forgetting in the mean time Clysters and Purges Against Wind. Take Oyl of Camomile Rue of each one ounce Oyl of Nard and Dill of each three drams Spirit of Wine two drams a little Wax Make it into an Oyntment Another Take Oyl of Wormwood one ounce Oyl of Nard and Nutmeg exprest of each half an ounce Oyl of Mace and Carraways distilled of each one dram Malmsey an ounce and half Boil it a little then add to it as much Wax as is sufficient to make it into an Ointment Inwardly use the seeds of Anise Fenel Carraways and others Medicines dispelling Wind which also are to be mixt in the peculiar Clysters requisite to this purpose Also the Cumin Plaister used by some may here do good service Or Take the Styptick Plaister of Crollius Gum-Caranna

the Body from the Collar-Bones to the Feet which arise not only out of the Brain from the Parvagum but also from the Spinal Marrow and from the fifth and sixth Vertebra of the Neck Of the other Vessels we have already treated Chirurgical Considerations The Pleura is not only subject to Inflammation upon which follows a Pleurisie an Empiema and Impostumation but also a certain pain which a salt Humor produceth This may be distinguished from a Pleurisie because here is a dry Cough yet no Fever also free breathing enough I have used to remove this by Bleeding and Sweating and if you fear a Pleurisie apply outwardly this Plaister Take Marrow out of an Oxes-bone Ducks-grease of each three ounces the Mussilage of Marshmallows Linseed Fenugreek-seed of an ounce Frankincense Mastick of each half an ounce Oyl of Nucista exprest two drams yellow Wax as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister 2. Mediastinum hath not so great a Cavity in Man as in Dogs and other creatures yet it happens sometimes that a purulent matter descends between the two Membranes of it which can by means be evacuated by the Lungs therefore we are forced to perforate the Sternum with a Trepan that so through the made Orifice by the use of Tents Spunges and other Instruments the Matter may be discharged 3. In that kind of Quinsey which we above call Cynanche where the Patient is almost suffocated we remedy by Laringotomia or opening the Wind-pipe the Disease it self is far more dangerous than this Operation therefore it would be well if it was oftener practised nevertheless there is required a diligent consideration that the other parts to wit the Lungs Pleura Gullet c. be not also enflamed or already full of matter which may frustrate your labour afford cause of scandal but every thing being well weighed the Operation is to be performed in this manner Let the Head be a little bent backwards that the Wind-pipe may the more plainly appear and the annulary Cartilages recede the further the one from the other then divide the Skin according to the length of the Larinx unto the hollow and let a stander-by with his Fingers pluck open the Skin of each side that the Chirurgeon may see the two long Muscles Sterno hyoidei which he must remove a little asunder either with a Knife of Wood or Bone then the Larinx appearing he must make his Incision with a Launcet in the middle between the third and fourth annulary Cartilage taking great care that he hurt not the Cartilages themselves upon the Breaths coming forth take out the Knife and put a Silver Pipe into the Wound which must not be so long as to reach the hinder part of the Wind-pipe lest it cause a continual Cough the danger of suffocation being over which for the most part happens to be about the third or fourth day or at least ought then to be the Pipe must be taken forth and the Wound is to be cured in the ordinary manner according to Art from which it differs not 4. 'T is no new thing for Worms to generate in the Pericardium which except kill'd corrode the very Heart it self They may be destroyed with a Decoction of Scordium Wormwood Centaury c. drunk twice or thrice a day Concerning the Wounds of the Lungs Heart and Diaphragm see our Chirurgery A Wound of the Gullet is cured after the same manner as that of the Stomach The End of the third Book of the third Part. The FOURTH BOOK Of the Lower Belly CHAP. I. Of the External Parts of this Belly THE lower Cavity properly call'd the Belly is divided into three parts of which 1. Is the Epigastrium each side of which is call'd Hypochondria 2. The Region of the Navel whose sides are call'd Ilium 3. Hypogastrium the sides of which are the Groins The lower hairy part is call'd Pubes The Abdomen under common Teguments hath ten Muscles of each side five very necessary for the exclusion of the grosser Excrements contained in the Guts they are these 1. Obliquely descending which in the upper part the Navel in the lower in Man the process of the Peritonaeum In Woman the long Ligaments of the Womb perforates 2. The Oblique ascending 3. The Recti or straight 4. The Pyramidal 5. The Trarsverse In the middle of the Abdomen between the two straight Muscles ariseth the Linea Alba or White-Line from the meeting of the broad Tendons of the other thin Muscles which is very sensible Of the Veins Arteries Nerves both of the outward and inward parts of the lower Belly we have already treated of in the first Book as likewise something of the Bones But the more curious Examiner meets withal first five Vertebra's of the Loins which are very full of holes and greater and thicker than all the rest Next to them follows the Os Sacrum which is triangular in old people being only of one Bone but in young consisting of five or six To this is joyned the Os Coccygis bent in Women more outward in Men more inward On the sides of the Os Sacrum is the Os Innominatum or Coxae consisting of three Bones joyned together with a Cartilage Of these 1. Is the Os Ilium much thicker in Women than in Men. 2. Os Pudis more easily separable in the fore-part in Women than in Men. 3. Os Ischion or Coxae furnished with a large Cavity which is call'd Acetabulum or Pixis appointed to receive the head of the Thigh-Bone Chirurgical Consideration The outward Division of the Lower Belly plainly declares what Internal Parts may be affected In the right Hypochondrium the Liver is situated extending it self beyond the Bastard-Ribs two fingers breadth to the Sword-like Cartilage of the Sternum In the middle lies the Stomach extending it self to the softer parts of this Belly so that it reacheth four fingers breadth beyond the Bastard-Ribs Beyond the soft places near the Kidneys lies the Spleen In the middle of the Vmbilical Region and about it lies the Small Gut which being wounded is most dangerous In the right side about the Kidney the Gut Colon takes its rise transversly running between the Stomach and Navel to the left Kidney where winding downwards and becoming narrower is the frequent receptacle of Wind and whence long pain and great tension which is undeservedly attributed to the Spleen on the other side the Intestine rests upon the Mesentery as doth the Stomach upon the Pancreas In the middle of the Hypogastrium are the Bladder and Womb placed and under them the Intestinum rectum On the Side lie the Spermatick Vessels and the Glandules in which both benign and malignant Buboes are produced But all these Parts cannot be wounded except the Peritonaeum and Omentum be first perforated yet in many men the Omentum descends not below the Navel and contrariwise in others it reacheth to the Os Pubis it self CHAP. II. Of the Internal Parts of the Abdomen THe first of

is very narrow it is furnished all along with two Coats the innermost is proper the outer common from the Peritonaeum Within the duplicature of the Peritonaeum it descends downward upon the Muscles of the Loins to the Bladder into whose Neck it is inserted then it ascends upwards between the Membranes where it perforates the innermost Coat and through the same hole together with the Ureter of the other side enters the Bladder which is so very little so straightly closed that there needs not here any Valve to hinder the return back again of the Urine Vesicae Vrinaria or Bladder consists likewise of two Membranes the External is thick and fleshy the innermost not It is seated between the Duplicature of the Peritonaeum in the Cavity of the Hypogastrium which is commonly call'd Pelvis In Women it is joined before by its Neck to the Vagina uteri The Neck of the Bladder is very fleshy and by the assistance of the Fibra's like a Sphincter it opens and closeth the Bladder in men it is longer narrower and more crooked in Women shorter wider and straighter The Vessels that bring Blood to the Bladder are the branches of the Hypogastrick Vessels it receives many Nerves from the seventh pare and from the Os Sacrum The Spermatick Vessels yet remain which wonderfully vary according to the diversity of the Sex In Men the Spermatick Veins and Arteries first appear of each side one which serve for the bringing of the Blood to the Testicles for its preparation The right Spermatick Vein comes from the descending Trunk of the Vena Cava the left from the left Emulgent and both the Arteries from the great Artery These four Vessels being very crooked and covered by the Ureters pass to the Testicles but before they come to them near and in the process of the Peritonaeum are united by several inosculations and joining themselves with the Nerves make one Body which is call'd Pampiniforme The Testicle or Stones themselves the Organs of Seed have each a Muscle call'd Cremaster they have two common Tunicles and three proper The common are 1. That wrinkled Purse which is call'd the Scrotum to wit the Skin which is thinner and softer than in other parts 2. Dartos to wit the Carnosa Membrana which hath many Vessels The proper are 1. Elytroides arising from the process of the Peritonaeum 2. Erithroides from the Muscle Cremaster 3. Albuginea from the Spermatick Vessels The substance of the Testicles is white soft thin something like to the Glandules Upon them with a transverse situation lies the Corpus vermiforme which sensibly becoming narrower constitutes the Vas ejaculatorium which is Epididymis or Parastata Vas ejaculatorium is white and hollow like to the Ureters which carries the Seed about the neck of the Bladder into the Vesiculae seminales where it is kept till a convenient time Proceeding a little further before you shall find two great Glandules in which an Oily Liquor is contained to mitigate the acrimony of the Urine these are called Prostatae At last comes the Penis or Yard appointed for the evacuating of the Seed and Urine It s Substance is peculiar to it self the like being not in the whole Body It hath no Scarf-skin and is destitute of Fat even in the most fat Bodies It is covered with a loose Skin which is double and makes the Praeputium and covers the Glans to which it is tied by means of the Froenum or Bridle Under the Skin and fleshy Membrane lie the Vessels above described Near to these are the four Muscles which are the two Erectores and the two Ejaculatores under the Muscles are two Nervous Bodies which make the greatest part of the Yard By their fungousness rendring it either stiff or flacid In the lowest part of the Penis appears The Vrethra or passage for the Urine consisting of two Coats the innermost is very thin and sensible the outermost thick and fleshy In Women the Spermatick parts in this differ from Mens that they are shorter and less and by a wreathing and winding approach the Testicles likewise they communicate several Branches to the Uterine Tubes and to the Womb it self The softer Stones are placed on the sides of the Womb qualified to elaborate the Seed they are covered with only one Coat and that is proper They have no Parastats The Testicles inwardly are full of little Bladders which both contain the Seed and by means of the Tubes conveigh it to the Womb. These Tubes joyn to the Womb of each side and to the Testicles but only of one side These have a Cavity consisting of a double coat which also contains some little Bladders in which many will have the Seed to be further perfected The Womb the receptacle both of the Seed and Child is situate in the middle of the Hypogastrium call'd Pelvis between the straight Gut and the Bladder It hath two strong and thick Coats the first which comes from the Peritonaeum the other is proper and between both many fleshy Fibres It is conveniently divided into the Fundus or Botton the Orifice and the Neck The Fundus the Globous part of the Womb hath four Ligaments the two uppermost are broad and membranous which are joyned to the Os Ilium the two lowermost are red and round and pervious to the Clitoris thence like a Goose-foot destitute altogether of their hollowness they spread themselves upon the forepart of the Thigh The Orisice of the Womb which at one time can very straightly close it self together yet at another is very dilatable hath in its lower part a Tubercle or knotty substance as also many little holes The Cervix or Neck of the Womb appointed to receive the Penis is very much wrinkled within and almost eight inches long To the Dissector comes first in view the Meatus Vrinarius or the passage for the Urine which is short and straight then in this Cavity is the Clitoris seated which is something in softness or hardness resembling to a Mans Yard To this joyns the Hymen perforated in the midst for the passage of the Urine and Courses to which joyn four Caruncles call'd Myrtiformes then follows the Alae Nymphae or wings which defend it and the hairy Lips Chirurgical Considerations 1. The Coats of the Peritonaeum grow very thick in Hydropick persons nay in process of time they acquire a Cartilaginous hardness which is very necessary to be known in a Paracenthesis or opening of the Abdomen there oftentimes suddenly follows a watry swelling in the Cod. After a Paracenthesis made by the formerly described Instrument the reason of it and the passage are true that the Water by little and little sinks down above the process of the Peritonaeum in the space between the Peritonaeum and the right Muscles of the Abdomen 2. Sometimes between the fouldings of the Caul is Wind detained the cause of long continued pain which brings along with it fear also of a future abscess In this case

How the Internal Vlcers of the Yard ought to be cured we have set down in the Chapter of particular Vlcers But in this we may describe this Medicine by the use of which a Cancerous Yard was cured An Vnguent of Peter Baierus Take the juice of the tops of Bramble Stalks of Roses Vinegar of each two ounces Franckincense Mastick of each three drams Litharge of Gold an ounce Sack four ounces Juice of Housleek three ounces Aqua vitae four ounces Verdigreece two ounces and half Vitriol Burnt-alom of each a dram and half Camphire a dram Oyl of Roses four ounces Powder those things that are to be powdred very fine and being searched let them boil all together upon a gentle fire except the Camphire which is to be put in at the end to the consumption of the Juices then add the Wax and make it into an Ointment 11. The Spermatick Vessels sometimes in Women are so greatly obstructed that together with the Testicles in the side of Hypogastrium they swell to the bigness of ones Fist 12. In the Tubes of the Womb the Womans Seed is sometimes corrupted from which arise grievous Symptoms the Courses being for some Months obstructed oftentimes there follows a Dropsie the Water here collected we have observed in dead Bodies that have been opened to flow directly through the Tubes into the Duplicature of the Peritonaeum 13. The Womb from the preternatural afflux of Blood is often inflamed especially in lying-in Women and in those whose Courses flow disorderly this Inflammation oftentimes is changed into an Abscess if negligently handled whose Cure belongs to the Physitian But a Sphacelus is incurable For what the Ancients relate concerning the extirpation of the Womb to wit that it may all be taken off without any great danger is to be reckoned amongst their other Errors but whether this Animal in living Creatures this necessary part joyning to so many other parts and furnished with such abundance of Arteries may be cut out without danger of Life The same thing I believe hath hapned to them in this case as hath hapned in the describing and curing the falling down of the Womb who here and there have taken the extended Tunicles of the Vagina Vteri for the Womb it self for I easily grant these Tunicles may without any great danger be taken away But I truly esteem a Sphacelus of the whole Womb to cause certain death 14. The Neck of the Womb is subject to Haemorrhoids in the same manner as the straight Gut is these flowing may be distinguished from the Courses by these following signs in the flowing of the Courses we can observe no Branches of the Vessels in the Neck of the Womb they come out of the Womb it self and they cause no pain except in the Hypogastrium these Vessels by which the Evacuation is made are the Hypogastrick and Spermatick Arteries but the Haemorrhoids are the Branches of Vena pudenda they may be known both by the sight and feeling and there is no pain but in the privy part it self They ought to be treated in the same manner as the other Haemorrhoids are to ease pain this Ointment is excellent Take Mussilages of the Seed of Quinces Marshmallows of each half an ounce Saffron Oyl of Roses Hens-grease of each a dram the Yolk of an Egg Make it into an Ointment This Mixture is excellent Take Litharge of Gold washt Oeruse burnt-Lead of each a scruple Purslane-water five ounces Mix them Let the Haemorrhoids be washt with it and let a Linnen Cloth dipt in it be applied to the Part affected The End of the fourth Book of the third Part. The FIFTH BOOK Of the Joynts CHAP. I. Of the Hand UNder the name of the Hand we comprehend also the Arm whose Teguments both proper and common as also its Vessels are already sufficiently described It is commonly divided into three parts 1. The Shoulder 2. The Cubit 3. The Hand properly so call'd The Shoulder or upper part of the Arm consists of one Bone and nine Muscles The Muscles are 1 2. Deltoides and Supra spinatus which two raise it upward 3 4. Aniscalptor Latissimus and Rotundus major which two pull it downward 5 6. Pectoralis Perforatus or Coracoidaeus which two draw it forward 7 8 9. Infra-spinatus Rotundus minor and Immersus or Subscapularis which three move it backward By these three last moving together the Arm is as it were turned about and obliquely outwardly raised up The Bone is great and long its Head or upper extremity is invested with a Cartilage Membranous Ligament and four Tendons and furnished with a particular Cavity in which the Tendon of the Muscle Triceps lies The Lower Extremity is like unto a Pulley which permits the Cubit to be bent very much inwardly but not to extend beyond the right Line The Cubit consists of two Bones which are by proper Muscles properly moved which although out of order we are forced to set down in this place The Lower Bone which is greater and longer than the other is call'd Vlnae in its upper extremity are two triangular processes observed which are call'd Rostra or Glandes The Lower Extremity ends with a round Knob to which is joyned a sharp Process which is call'd Styloides It is moved by four Muscles of which two are Flexors 1. Biceps 2. Brachiaeus Two Extensors 1. Longus 2. Brevis The upper Bone which is less and shorter is call'd Radius or the lesser Focil it is received in the upper part by the Vlna in the lower part it receives the Vlna in the middle they are a little distant from one another which space is yet fill'd with a thin Ligament It is also moved by four Muscles whereof two are Pronatores or pullers down 1. Rotundus 2. Quadratus The other two are Supinatores or raisers up 3. Longior 4. Brevior Some add to these two other Muscles but they are very seldom found and diversly described The Hand is divided into three parts the Carpus or Wrist the Metacarpus or the distance between the Wrist and Fingers and the Fingers themselves The Carpus hath four Muscles Two Flexors the Cubitaeus and the Radiaeus internus Two Extensors the Cubitaeus and Radiaeus externus Under these lie eight little Bones as yet without name which are in the first years Cartilaginous and soft but afterwards become harder they are tied and joyned together with strong Ligaments The Metacarpus hath two Muscles call'd Palmares longus brevis And four Bones fastened to the Carpus by the assistance of the Cartilaginous Ligaments The Fingers consist of fifteen Bones which as yet have no certain names given them and fourteen Muscles whereof Two are Flexors sublimis profundus Two Extensors Four Adductors Lumbricales Six Abductors or Interossei Three are External and as many Internal Besides these the Thumb and Little Finger have a particular Flexor and Extensor These are besides to be considered in the Hand 1. The Armilla Membranosa