or a little Masticke vvhite Coralle and preparede pearles ther of a paste beinge made of the vvhich vve may forme as manye teethe as vve please This paste is also verye commodiouse to replenish thervvith a hollovve toothe because ther might noe viandes remayne therin through vvhich the teethe doe more corrupte and more intollerable payne is heer bye suscitatede 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Speculum of the Mouthte and Wombe Declaratiō of the Characters which are contaynede in the figures of the Hoockes and Knives which are necessarye and conveniente to drawe forth a deade Child out of the Mothers bellye also of the Pessaryes Plates and of other thinges necessarye to the Ligatione of the fistles of the fundament Demonstrateth the Crochet vvith a dubble hoocke vvhich must not be sharp but blunte leaste that internallye they chaunce to vulnerate the Wombe by vvhich meanes the vvoeman might be in greate perille and daunger of her lyfe The hole throughe the vvhich must be thruste some certayne string to tye thervnto a Naptkinne because there might tvvo at once pulle vvhen it is nedefull The seconde hoocke vvhich is flatte and blunte C A little croockede knife vvhich is verye acute sharpe conveniente to inscide the Heade and bellye of a deade Childe internally in the Wombe because the vvater aqvositye might heerbye have his issue I have divers and sundrye times binne sente for to divers Woemē vvhich vveare in difficulte laboure Childebearth notvvithstandinge I never vsede any hoockes or other ferrealle Instrumentes therto for vvhich occasion I also councell all Chyrurgianes to vse none of them then in extreame necessitye for if soe be there happen anye other accidente there vnto as excoriatione or anye effluxione of blood vve muste then attribute the same vnto the Instrumente vvhich the Chyrurgiane vsede thervnto Neverthelesse I have heere causede them to be set dovvne vnto you to vse them in the extreameste necessitye and heere is to be notede that the Insculptor or Ingravere to adorne imbellishe his laboures hath participatede some propre and perpolite fashone to the handle vvhich indeede is thereon invtile and needeles because it is better that they be playne smoothe becaus they fastē themselves on nothinge The Pessarye in forme of an Apple vvhich is made of Corke and is circumvestede vvith vvhyte vvaxe this pessarye preventeth the descendinge and sinckinge out of the Matrix The Greeckes calle it Pesson and the Latinistes Pessarium There are some also made after an Ovale figure rovvnde and somvvhat prologatinge like an Egge and of divers magnitudes but quotidiane experience hath taught vs that they are not so necessarye and commodious as those vvhich are of this forme because they are to slipperye and cannot be hilde so faste in the entrance or necke of the vvombe so that oftentimes they sincke theroute and in like sorte also the vvombe vvhich notvvithstandinge reqvireth to be continuallye therin contaynede The firste vvhich I have seene vse such manner of Pessaryes vvas the right vvorshipfulle Mr. Rousset on of the Kinges Chyrurgians and of the Ladye of Nemours vvhich hath learnedlye and excellentlye vvritten of divers sortes of the Woomens parturiō vvhere this forme of Pissaryes are defigurede and the manner also of his vse The hole vvhich is in the middeste vvhich serveth to dravve therbye the pessarye out of the vvombe vve thrustinge our finger in the hole * The linte vvherone the Pessarye is fastenede rounde aboute the bodye of the vvoman An argentealle plate being semilunare somvvhat reflectinge invvardelye tovvarde the internalle part beinge notede vvith G. This plate or this invention hath oftentimes binne vsede of Mr. Girart Raber Chyrurgiā at Paris vvhich vvas a verye inventive perquiringe man in searchinge out of Chyrurgicalle Instrumentes and also the most experteste practitionere of his time the Knott vvhich is layede above the silver barre H The argentealle or silver barre or pegge I I The little ringles vvhervvith the little barre is fastenede vvhen shee passeth therthroughe this barre may be turnede as much and as little as vve please The Privet or Needle to religate the fistles Hippocrates calleth it Scorodou Physinga vve may allsoe make theire poyncte blunte to vse the same the fistle beinge vvholye apparent and may easylye be seene but if she lye occulte and invisible and that vve must necessarily perforate any membrane she must then conseqventlye be acute and sharpe She muste also be of silver and verye vveake because she may be suple to bende at our pleasure Explanation of the Characters contaynede in the figures of the Instrumētes to drawe breake and cut of teeth L Demonstrate the tonges vvhich are verye conveniente to cut of all superfluouse teethe or at the least those vvhich are to longe they are internally inflectede by that meanes the better to fasten on the teeth A superfluouse tooth vvhich is halfe of The Polycampe L Polycampus G Odontagra and Odontagegon It is an Instrument vvith divers brāches vvhich are all of them intrudede in one handle throughe a little serve The scrue vvhich is on the Instrumente One of the braunches of the Polycampe An other extendede braunche The thirde braunche The vise beinge taken out S Demonstrate the Instrumente callede the Patretesbille L Denticeps Dentiducum Celsus calleth it Forfex G Rhixan The tooth vvhich is helde fast betvveene the teeth of the Instrumente An Instrument vvhich loosenethe the gummes frō the teeth callede in Latine Dentiscalpium G Pericharacter The expulser or thruster out L Pulsatorium G Oterion X The Roote dravver G Rixagra It is an Instrumēte verye necessary to dravve out any roote of a toothe vvhich remaynethe in the Chavve vvhen the tooth is broken or corruptede and rotten 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Diuers Instrumentes to drawe and cutt of Teeth Haeckes to drane forth a Childe The Declaration of the Characters which are contaynede in the table of the actualle Cauteryes Defigurate the a Cauterye vnto vs vvhich hath a poyncte like vnto a Raper and is callede in Latine Ensis vvhich is partlye on both sydes rescindente The poynct vvhich must be of the crassitude of this lettre because it might the longher Keepe hott Is the handle vvhich is smaller then it is needefull and must be foure or five inches longe and in like sorte also all the other handles of the other Cauteryes vvhich are heere notede vnto you It is a backede Cauterye vvhich hath a backe like vnto a knife vvhich cutteth but one the one syde and for that occasione hath a thicke backe because it shoulde continue the longer hott and effectuate his operatione so much the better The rescindente syde ΠThe backe vvhich must be verye thicke The poyncte vvhich must be foure goode fingers breadth longe This Cauterye is rotunde concavouse rescindente vve vse it to cauterize the skinne of the Heade vvhen as suddaynly vve vvoulde trepane the same as beinge in anye compagnye and in cuttinge vve feare anye
parte of his body as havinge tvvo heades four armes beinge dubble or els if ther be moe then one to vvitt tvvo three or four vvherof the one might praesent his arme an other his legge or anye other part all at one time Afther the infāt praesenteth himselfe the childebirth falleth easye or difficulte because that follovvinge the naturall Childebirth the childe allvvayes praesenteth first his heade havinge his armes stretched out alōgest both his sydes or vvhē it praesēteth it selfe vvith both the legges forvvarde vvherby it may easylye be plucked dravven out vvhen it praesenteth him one anye other manner it is as then not naturall but verye daungerouse vvherin vve must vse our remedyes as herafter shal be shevved The externall occasions Touchinge the externall occasiones they are violēt heate vvherthrough the strengthe forces of our bodyes are convicted contrarilye ther is great could vvherthrough all the conduictes are stopped as allsoe are those persons vvhich vve feare or hate The childe alsoe as longe as it lyeth drye the vvater as yet is not brokē out vvherthroughe it can have no passage because the vvayes passages are drye not slippery not smoothe as in the vvater streames vve may see that the stones through the slipperishenesse of the vvater The operatione are carryed avvay In like sort alsoe all sorrovve tribulatiō stoppeth occludeth the entrance of the vvombe as cōtrarilye the meane reasonable iucunditye openeth the same All these foresayed occasions must be cōpared vnto ther cōtraryes as if soe be that throughe the imbicilitye of the mother it be occasioned she must thē be conforted givinge her a little vvyne or Hipocras conforting ioyinge her in her necessitye as much as is possible if soe farr forth as the passage be to narrovve or anguste to exsiccate or dry or els to much shrūcke vve must then endevore vvith decoctiones vvith vvarme infusions vvith pingvefactiōs to soften moystē make supple the same If then ther be anye carnositye vvhich in terrupteth the passage therofe vve must depose detrude the same one the one syde or if ther be a stone in the entrāce of the bladder vve must thrust the same on highe if soe be the Childe othervvise praesent it selfe thē it should as first vvith the heade vve must then turne it in the best sorte vve maye or if it thrust one arme or legge out vve must not thervvith dravve it out but must gentlelye retrude it backe agayne agayne bringe it into his place or if ther be more thē one child vve must dilligently consider hovve vve ought to take hould therone notinge that vve doe not take the one by the foote and the other by the foote soe both at once plucke thē vvherfore vve must thrust one foote on highe dravve tovvardes him the foote of that vvhich is next Hovv vve ought to situate the vvoman most rediest vnto the passage But before vve come to the manuall operatiō vve must first of al situate the vvomā convenientlye although ther be divers māners of situationes for some sett thē in a stoole others set thē leanīge on a table or one the edge of a bedd vvith the legges separated the one from the other others set them one theire knees yet the best fittest vvay is one a bedde causinge the vvomā to lye one her backe thvvarte over the bedde close to the edge ther of vvith cushēs or pillovves vnder her backe to rest her heade therō layinge her heeles close to her buttockes vvhich must lye alsoe somvvhat exalted and the hippes spanned the one frō the other vvhich of tvvo vvoemē must so in that sorte be helde least that she doe not chaūce to dravve shutt them together the vvomā lyinge in this sorte the Chirurgian as then may the easyer obtayn his vvill and com close vnto her to drive detrud the child tovvarde the entrance of the vvombe The vvomā beinge thus setled or layed the Chyrurgiā must lay one the knees one the belly of the vvomā a cleane linnē clothe partly to be an opercle or coveringe to the vvoman partlye ther through to be freed from the externall ayre thē he must gentlely thrust his hande being annoyncted vvith freshe butter vvith Sallatoyle or vvith hogges suct in to the entrance of the vvombe first of all cōsideringe vvhether the childe be alive or deade hovv it is thereī disposed or turned vvhether also ther be more thē one tvvo or thre children a fore hādes hovve soever it be situated The child must vvith his heade be dravvne out or vvith the feete if it be possible or disposed ether alive or deade curved or croocked if it be possible vve must dravve the heade first out but if not vvith both the legges dravvinge the same aeqvally dovvnevvardes cause one of the armes to be stretched out alōgest the syde of the heade because ther throughe may be hindered that the bodye beinge therout the vvombe doe not chaunce to shutt the necke of the Childe be not therin inclosed vvhich through the arme vvhich lyeth stretched out by his heade shal be praevented hindered If so be the one foote praesenteth it selfe the other tarrye therī vve must tye the foresayed foote vvith a ribbon gentlye thrust in agayn the foresayed foote sufferinge the end of the ribbon to hange out and inqvire seeke after the other foot thrustinge the hande alongst by the foresayed foote legge vntill such time as vve feele the buttocke of the other foote then reducinge your hande close to the buttok shall immediatlye finde the other foote vvhich gētlely you must bring forevvardes dravvinge by the ribbō the other foote vvil come forth agayn vvhich having thē both aeqvally together must gētly dravvē thē out vvith the rest of the vvhole bodye of the child by this means vve may knovv vvhether they be both the legges of one child on this māner dravving out the same first the one then the other Signes of a deade Childe in his mothers bodye But if so be the Childe be deade it vvill not as then stirre it selfe in the feelinge also therof it vvill be coulde vvhenas vve thrust the fīger in the mouth therof it stirreth nether lippes nor tunge to suck The mother as then hath a stinckinge breath hollovve eyes and a svvollen bellye vve therfore out of all these foresayed tokens perceavinge the Childe to be dead vve must then dravve it out as already vve have sayed vvith the feet forvvardes As farre forth therfore as if the Childe had one arme or one Legge hanging forth of the vvōbe it vveare impossibleto reduce the same agayne into his former sitvation because that throughe the bodye of the Childe the entrance of the vvombe is stopped vve must then plucke the foresayed arme or legge dravve it to the ioyncte of the shoulder or of
the hippe Hovv vve ought to dravve forth a deade Childe then discide cut of the same in the foresayed ioncte And if so be the heade did first repraesent it selfe vve must then thrust both our fingers into the mouth therof in place of a hoocke tovvardes the roofe and so as gentlye as is possible dravve the same tovvardes you If soe be the belly therof be svvollene or hath to greate a heade and the same fulle of vvater vve must then vvith our finger a little crush theron because the aquosity might soacke therout and the svvollen partes by this meanes be diminished and vnsvvollen if soe be that our handes vveare not sufficient to dravve out the Childe or to finde the belly to let out the sayed Aquosity vvhich ether is retayned in the heade in the Brest or in the bellye vve must then gently vvith our right hande bringe therin a little curved and croocked knife vvhich vvithin the curvednes therof is sharpe and cutttinge the acuitye or povncte therof being closely inclosed betvvixt his fingers After vvhat fort vve may dravve forth the aquositye out of a deade Childes bodye vvhich he must houlde verye close together vvhervvith vve must make an inscisione ether in the Heade in the Breste or els in the Belly by this meanes to dravve forth the vvater vvhich is therin cōtayned And then vve must take a hook vvhich on the same fashon as is afore sayed vve must bring therin vvherof vve must fasten the poyncte ether in the eyes or in the mouth or in the Clavicles vvheron vve must then dravve as violentlye as the cause reqvireth to be done dilligentlye cōsideringe that the hooke breack not through let his houlde goe through the violente pluckinge of the same doe not chaūce to hāge take houlde in the VVombe to the vvhich intēt vve must vvith as much iudgemēt cōsideration dravve the same as is possible onlye vvith one hande vvhich muste be vvithin the VVombe Novv if the Childe be so thick so grosse A monstruouse Childe that vvholy to dravv it out is impossible for vs or els if it be a Monster or tvvo Childrene faste together vve must as then by parcels dravve them out cuttinge the Heade thereof in peeces then plucke out first the the one peece then the other then the Brest the Armes and the legges allvvayes makinge that it be cut in the ioynctes vvithout breakinge any bones for although they be tender yet the splinters therof might chaunce to hurte the vvombe soe that it is allvvayes the surest vvay vve cutt of the Armes and legges in their ioynctes It chaūceth also sōtimes that vve dravvinge forthe the Childe by the legges that onlye the head tarrieth therin vvhich therafter vvithout great difficulty vve cā not get it out thē vvith extreame daunger because the same rovvleth vp and dovvne in the concavitye of the vvōbe this therfor being happened ther must as then a servant or one of the standērs bye vvhich is experimented in such affayers sittīg one the left syde of the vvoman crushe vvith both his handes one the bellye of the vvomā beinge covered vvith a vvarme cloth on this manner to depresse dovvnevvardes the heade of the childe and ther in that place to contayne and keepe the same Hovv vve may dravve forth the heade of the deade childe as yet remayninge in the vvōbe And the Chyrurgiane vvhich sitteth on the right syde of the vvoman must vvith his light hande bringe the hoocke therin as is already sayed vvhich he must faftē in the heade ether in the eyes in the mouth or in the apertione of the heade dravve the same by little little therout as if as yet the vvhole bodye remayend therin If soe be the foresayed head vveare to great vve must then in like sorte alsoe cutt the same in peeces and dravv therout the peeces first the one then the other The Childe beinge dravven therout vve must dilligentlye consider that vve doe not breake a sunder the navell because it may serve for a conductor leader vvhich vve must allvvayes feelinge the same and suffering it to glide throughe our right hande must follovve vntill vve be come to the matrice vvhervvith the Childe vvas covered in the foresayed vvōbe hauinge found the same vve must gentlye rovvnde about separate her vvher vve finde her to befastened then dravve her forth vvith al the cōgregrated blood therī if therbe anye least that there it might chaunce to putrifye havinge thus finished all this the vvoman as then shall ioyne and shutt her hippes together agayne and must then circumligate the bellye as is required and necessarye In this forerehearsed daunger is oftentimes incident vnto the vvoman a farre more lamentable and pitiful accident to vvitt a discendinge and sinckinge do vvnvvardes of the vvombe vvhich betvveen the hippes sincketh out throughe the vvhich the vvoman can not goe The māner to elevate agayn the suncke discēded Matrice If soe be therfore this chaunced vve must gentlye and easilye by degrees thrust in agayn the same as vve have sayed of the guttes or entralles being sunck out vvherof vve must cause the disseased and sicke vvoman to keepe her bedde some certayn cōtinuance of time vvith her buttockes a little exalted and if soe be the Matrice in her risinge chaunced agayn to sincke out vve must then agayn thrust in the same And to praevent her that she doe not agayne sincke out of the bodye vve must thē thrust in the Matrice a Pessarium like a rovvnde Apple vvhich must have a hole in the middle therofe as heer before amongest the instrumentes vve may see it defigured vnto vs vvher vve shall alsoe finde the forme the figure the manner of vsinge the same ⧠VPpon what occasione the externall partes as Armes and legges are and must be extirpated or cutt of and in what place it must be done Chap. 4. When vvhye the externall part must be saved of THe externalle membres of mās bodye as are Armes legges are cutt or savved of vvhen as they are sqvised plettered and brokē the Vaynes Arteryes Synues vvholy be lacerated cutt of Or els vvhen they concerninge any externalle occasione are hurte or indammaged vvherby they sōtimes vvholy come to be mortifyed that suddaynlye or els somtimes alsoe by degrees so that somtimes ther ensueth such a Gangraena or mortification that not only the fleshe all the other mollifyed partes of the foresayed ioyncte doe mortify corrupte but alsoe the Bones themselves soe that ther is noe hope at all of any health then onlye throughe the extirpatione of the same fearinge least that the foresayed Gangraena shoulde farther infect pollute all the circumiacent partes vvherethroughe the patient might suddaynlye chaūce to dye Notvvithstandinge the Chyrurgiane may not in anye forte aproch vnto his exstreame last remedye before he have tryed all other remedyes to ease
vvhich is made on the other syde but there is most certayntye in the ligatione to avoyde the effluxion of bloode vvhenas ther is sufficient flosh enough betvveene Ther have binne certayn auntient Chyrurgianes vvhich coulde not agree vnto the Speculum Ani but have onlye thrust there finger into the fundament to dilate the same and besydes the same a thinne and pusille privett vvhervvith they have soe longe felt thervvith this vvay and that vvay vp and dovvne till such time as they have fovvnde the Orificium of the fistle vvhich is felt as if it vveare a thinge rent or torne and novv hauinge fovvnde the foresayed Orificium An other practice or inventione they then close to ther finger thrust in the privett conducinge the same alonge the finger supernallye or vpvvardes or thether vvher they suppose the bottome or ground of the fistle to desiste and end vvhich throughe feelinge of the finger of the other hand vve may easylye discerne and havinge fovvnde the end therof and perceavinge the skinne or the fleshe not to be verye thicke in stede of ligatione vve violentlye thrust the privett ther throughe vpvvardes the privett beinge passed therthroughe they then cutt open all that vvhich is situated betvveen the tvvo Orificia of the Vlceration or els they thrust a threde ther throughe and soe binde it throughe Amongst those vvhich are of opinione that vve ought to cure the fistle throughe an actuall Cauterye Albucasis discribeth vnto vs the meanes Albucasis vvillinge vs to vse a Cauterye of iron thervnto vvhich must be verye subtile and glovvinge or redhott and that it be proportioned accordinge to the greatnes of the fistle thrustinge the same tvvice or thrice therin vntill such time as all the callositye is taken avvay ther from laudinge the fervent glovvinge Cauterye above the cuttinge or rescindent Cauterye because the glovvinge Cautery as he sayeth correcteth and amendeth the vntēperatnes of that parte ther follovveth noe effluxione of blood the callosity therof is burned avvay the superfluouse humidity is exsiccated vvhich vvas concursed and assembled together vnto that patte ⧠How we ought to extracte drawe forthe little infantes out of theire mothers bodye which of themselves can not be borne Chap. 3. Admonition for the Chyrurgiane BEfore vve offer to imploy our hādes on such on operatione it seemed expediēt vnto me to admonishe the Chyrurgiane vvhat vvoemē may escape this daūger because vve should obtayne great blame and discredite vnto our selves if so be the vvoman being in childebearth should chaunce vnder our handes to dye she supposinge by our helpe councell to be released out of this daunger The signes vvher throughe the Chyrurgian is hindered to dravve forth the child out of his mothers bodye vvhic of it selfe cā not be borne VVherefore those vvhich vve suppose to be in daunger of death vve must not in any sorte laye hādes on them because the countenance and cheare of those vvoemen vvhich are in laboure or childebearthe and also ther face administreth sufficient knovvledge vnto vs vvhat event or successe the matter shall have for those vvhich are in any great daūger of their lives have a straūge vvonderfull behaviour over them to vvitt that shee troubleth or molesteth her self vvith nothing hath a fearfull sight vvhich is cleane contrarye to her naturalle beinge is debilitated hath hollovve eyes a sharpe nose a feeble Puls vvhich beateth obscurely and vvithout time Shee is vvholy cōvicted as if she hadde the soporiferouse dissease vvith out all strēgth cleane layed alonge although vve speake vnto her yet vve can not avvakē her if vve doe lōg trouble plucke her shee speaketh verye feeblelye vvith noe strength and then agayne lyeth as it vveare in a great sleep the ayre alsoe flyeth out of her throte Those in the vvhich is anye strength left they fall into Spasmo or convulsion of synnues Others after they haye continued a long time in theire labors as are those vvhich have bin troubled molested thervvith the space of five or sixe monethes they are vvholye decayed grovvē leane vvholy consumed for vvant of foode because alsoe that vvhich shee hath eaten is not chaūged into any nouriture the vvhol boodye beinge thorough soacked vvith humidity especiallye the face vvherof her svveat most commonlye is fattye axungiouse and smearye But those vvhich can suffer the manuall operatione are fitt to have the child dravven out of their bodye have none of these fore rehearsed accidentes vvherfore vvithall festinatiō alsoe they must be opitulated helped on this māner as heerafter follovveth notvvitstānding vvithout rashlye or temorously to beginne the same vvithout beinge certifyede of the Midvvyfe vvhat the reason or occasione might be vvhye the vvoman can not be delivered or bringe forth her childe Ther are thre thinges vvhich make Childe birth difficulte beinge certifyed heereof as vvell of the parturinge vvomā as of the Midvvyfe in as much as is possible dilliggētly considering the same having vvell perpēded it therout to knovve the iust occasione of this heavines sorrovv considering vvhether it taketh his occasion of the parturiēt vvomen or els out of the childe because therby vve might knovv hovv to rule govern our selves If so be this daūger consisteth in the mother The mother it happeneth then ether because of her mistruste or smalle hope or because shee is fearfulle and fayntharted havinge the vvombe and the necke or entrance of the sam small anguste because shee is yonge small of body tender and delicate Or els because the entrance of the foresayed VVombe lyeth recurved or is occluded vvith some tumor or els there is som Apostematione vlceration or any Carnositye ther in vvhich oppugne themselves agaynst the bearth of the infant Ether because that the mother hath a stone in her Bladder vvhich therin alsoe beinge oppressed seeketh by all meanes possible to come therout and beinge come into the mouth or entrance of the Bladder crusheth there the entrance of the VVombe vvher throughe she is angust or els because therin is som cicatrice vvher through she is narrovver then she ought to be vvher through she cā not in any sorte stretch forth her selfe Childe bearth alsoe in some vvoemē is hindered above all these foresayed accidentes because they ar to fearfull are to much affrighted of the parture or Childbirth as yet not beinge vsed vnto the labouring of childe doe not yet knovve therafter to governe thēselves as vveare condecent and needfulle Others are grovvne impotent throughe anye praecedente sicknesses and having noe strength at all to deliver the conceptione or fruicte from them The childe alsoe may be occasion heerof The childe because it is to feeble and cā not helpe it selfe in the deliverance of his mothers labors and that especiallye vvhen it is deade and svvollē in like sorte also the same beinge to grosse and greate ether in any
chāce to breake or cut through the lippes of the vvoūde VVe may rather take a threde thē silke because the knott of the silke easylye vnlooseth throughe his vveaknes it is right true that the foresayed threde must not be to harde because there throughe he might hurt the vvoūde not to softe least he breake nor chaūce to corrupte before the time the vvounde be fullye healed vvherthrough the lippes of the vvoūd might agayne dissolve vvaxe loose yet notvvithstādinge novve a dayes vve had rather vse a thred of carmosyne silke thē a hempen threde or of flaxe vvhich Galenus disprayseth misliketh in his third booke of methode vvhere he best liketh of a threde of vvollen vvhich may be likened vnto a brovvne threde or a vvhyte silke threde ravve vvithout beinge dyede or coloured Why the threede may not be dyed or coloured because that in the dyinge sometimes is entermingled poysen as in the scarlet dye ther cōmethe Arsenicū The fore sayed Galenus vseth stringes made of smalle guttes as are lutestringes but cōsideringe there moysture they quicklye beginne to svvell rotte vvherfore vve had rather vse a stronge brovvne threde vvhich vve must dravve throughe vvaxe vvaxe it because soe much the lesse he might corrupt rott houlde the faster And to effect this surelye to sovvea vvoūde vve must have a Canulle vvhich one the one end must be roūde splitte vvith a hole partlye because the edge or lipp of the vvoūde vvhich vvith the needle vve vvoulde pearce because that the fore sayed lippe may stay rest it selfe on the pype vvithout stirringe this vvay or that vvay throughe the vvhole to espye vvhen the needle is halfe perced throughe as then to dravve her through vvith her threde vvithout ether the nedle or the thred to dravve the lippes of the vvounde tovvard them because throughe the splitte of the pype it might the the easyer frō thence be removed to rest therō the other edge therafter vvhē she allsoe must be thrust throughe And convenientlye to effect this sovvinge of a vvounde Hovv to sovve a vvounde conveniētlye vve must first thrust through the vpper lippe of the same situatinge at the first the holed ende of the pype vvith the left hande internallye vvithin the lippe of the foresayed vvounde because she may rest therone and not stirre this vvay or that vvay then vvith the right hande vve must thruste the needle throughe the externalle parte of the lippe invvardes then set the Canulle on the externall parte of the nether lippe of the vvounde thrust the needle internallye outvvardes of the foresayed lippe gentlye dravve throughe the threde because as then vve may couple ioyne agayne the lippe together if it be needfull to lay more stitches vve must lay them as is a fore sayed some mē hould the lippes vvith ther fingers in steede of a Canulle The kindes and differences of sowinge or sutures the the time and the methode or rule to take thē away Chap. 4. THe aunciēt Chyrurgianes have invented fovvnde out divers sundrye vvayes of sovvinge of a vvounde Divers formes of sovvinge accordige vnto the diversitye of the vvounde cōsideringe markinge one the vvoūded parte nature or qvallytye of the disseases for the vvoundes of the armes or legges as in those places vve may better vvith more cōvenience vse the dry suture the vvoūdes of the bellye are alsoe on an other fashone sevved then the vvoundes of the guttes The profounde deepe vvoundes are sovved on an other fashon thē the not deepe vvoūdes Alsoe are the debile imbicille persōs sovved one an other fashō as are vvoemē thē those vvhich are robuste stronge by great paynes takinge and labour have a harde skine ther in to eschevve flye the deformitye vvhich after the sovvinge vvilbe seene All auncient professors have vsed Three sortes of sovvinge by the auncient professors have had in esteē thre sortes of sovvinge of vvoundes as naemelye the incarnative the bloode stoppinge the conservative sovvinge The incarnative suture is soe called because that throughe her vnitinge shee ioyneth together the separated partes Incarnative suture her vse five manner of vvayes if soe be vvithout violēce cōveniētlye they may be brought together vve vse this māner of suture in all freshe vvoūdes or in these vvhich are renued And this sovvīge is effected after five māner of vvayes VVher of the first is called Incarnative or knotted sovvinge the knotted suture or sovvinge because that in evetye stitche vvhich perceth throughe both the lippes of the vvoūd is every time cutt of vvith both the endes of the thred above the vvounde is knitte together betvvixt the vvhich stitching vve lay as yet other This suture is done vvith a vvaxed threde as is all readye sayed notinge that bothe the lippes must aeqvallye be ioyned the one vvith the other vvith out that ether the one or the other yelde it selfe more this vvay thē that vvay placinge the firste stich in the middle of the vvoūde vvith a perforation of both the lippes of the vvoūd by the vvhich the threde beinge passed shall one the one syde of the lippe be dravven together above dobblelye knitte to gether cuttinge both endes of the threde shorte of because they should be noe hinderāce vnto the remydyes vvhich vve shall applye The vvhich in the renuinge of the dressinge might be the occasione of payne or brekinge of the stitches vvhē as vvith the plasters vve chaunced to plucke them If the vvoūde he greate vve must as yet lay more stitches in the middle of the Spaciū one both endes of the vvounde so proceedinge forvvardes vntill the vvhole vvounde be layed vvith stitches or sutures everye stich a fingers bredth the one frō the other because at the least the lippes of the vvoūde might be brought close together consideringe duelye perpendinge the generall observatione above mētioned especiallye that the stitches be not layed the one to neere to the other or the one to vvyde frō the other because as heer tofore vve have sayed through the great multitude and throughe soe many prickes they bringe are cavse of vehemēt payne cōtraryly they lyinge to fare the one frō the other the vvoūde as thē beinge not sufficientlye occluded or shutt vp doe little profite cōmoditye therfore they may not be layed to close by on another nether to farre separate the on frō the other they alsoe vvhich are layed to looselye suffer the vvoūde to gape to vvyde they vvhich to fast strictlye dravve together the vvounde cause inflammations cōpell the vvoūde burst open vvherfore heerine vve ought te observe a mediocritye The secōd incarnative suture The seconde incarnative or fleshe making suture is done vvith one or vvith more needles as if soe be the vvounde be greate deep as thē vve beginne to sticke thruste
melanckolye disseases In the legges are eight in each legge four vvherof the first is called Vena poplitis Vena Poplitis situated in the hockes or fovldinge of the knees is opened agaynst all disseases of the nethermost part of the bellye The second Saphena or mother vayne Saphena or Mother vayne vvhich vve opeÌ„ one the insyde of the legge vnder the anckle in all disseases of the kidnies of the vvombe to provoacke in the vvoemen ther monthlye sicknes or mestruousnes in all runninge of the raygnes and in Venus botches or as vve call them in lattin Bubones The third is the Schiaticke vayn vvhich externallye demonstrateth her selfe above the aÌ„ckle vvhich is only opened agynst the dissease called Sciatica The vayn Sciâ—tica The kidnye vayne agaynst all payne and doloure of the hippes and flanckes The fourth is the mediane or kidnyevayne situated belovve the foote and is phlebotomized agaynst all disseases of the kidnyes Amongst all the other vvhich are most coÌ„monlye opened are those three vvhich in the foulding of the arme are phlebotomized to vvit the head vayn Basilica the mediaÌ„ Basilica or liver vayne is daungerous to be phlebotomised VVe must dilligeÌ„tlye coÌ„sider that vvhen vve make an inscisioÌ„ theriÌ„ that vnder the Basilica or Liver vayne lyeth an artery or great harte vayne vnder the Median a synnue or tendone of the muscle Biceps or both of these together but vnder the Cephalica is nether synnue artery or tendone sitvated Cephalica or head vayne is opened vvithout daunger vvherfore amoÌ„gst all other vaynes ther is none vvhich vvith lesse perril dauÌ„ger may be opened If so be that through mischauÌ„ce in opening of the vayne Basilica vve chauÌ„ced to hurte the artery vvhich ther vnder is sitvated as I have knoovvne to have chauÌ„ced vve must praeseÌ„tlye for the stoppinge and restrayninge of the bloode and to the curing of the arterye vvithout leavinge anye Aneurisma Remedye for a vvouÌ„ded arterye cleave a bean in tvvo peeces laye the one halfe of the beane one the apertione of the vayne vvith a coÌ„presse therone gentlye tyed vvithout visitinge of the same in thre or foure dayes or once offer to touch it If so be in the apertion of the mediane vve chaunced to pricke the subter situated synnue or tendone vve must then immediatly phlebotomize the patient in the other arme and vve must droppe in the vvounde of the pricked synnue a little hott oyle of Terpentin and a little vvoolle beinge dipped therin vppon the same therby to keepe the apertione aperte then lay a playster of Diacalcitheos rovvnde aboute the vvounded parte of the vvhole arme vvhich hath biÌ„ne liquefacted vvith oyle of roses and vineger Of the Arteriotomia or apertion of the Arterys or hartvaynes Chap 5. COncerning the Arteriotomia or apertione of the Arteryes the praedicessors auncient professors vveare vvont to effect it especialle behinde the eares in the temples of the heade agaynst all continuall rebellious fluxions Rheumes of the eyes in like sort alsoe agaynst all diseases of the heade vvhich have takeÌ„ ther originall froÌ„ hotte dampishe or subtile rheumes as yet novv a dayes vve doe but not vvho lye as they vveare vvonte to doe in openinge of the same for soe farre forth as if the Arterye be small they then cut her cleane a sunder they also cut a peece therof avvay both the endes are dravven invvardes vvher by shee as then bleedeth noe more And if the Arterye be greate violentlye beateth it is the surest vvay that vve tye her vnder above and then betvveen both those ligations cut her of but the thredes vvhervvith vve binde her must be stroÌ„g closly tyed because that through the continvall beatinge of the arterye the thredes looseÌ„ the arterye openeth if so be it be not stiflye bovvnde because that she should not chaunce to corrupt before the inscision be replete grovveÌ„ full of flesh vvher through the mouth of the foresayed artery is stopped Hovv vve vse novv adayes to to open an artery But novv a dayes vve only make a simple inscision in the artery in such a manner as vve make an apertion in the vaynes vvithout cutting of the same clean of having dravven as much blood therout as vve desire vve theÌ„ lay a litle playster of masticke on the apertion a litle compresse tyed theron rovvnd abovt the vvhole head as close as is possible I knovve right vvell that ther are some vvhich houlde this apertione of the arteryes verye suspecte because it caÌ„ hardlye be stopped agayne and in doinge this ther remayneth a cicatrice in those partes vvhich are situated rovvnde about the foresayed arterye before the same is fullye cured and ther throughe often times an Aneurisma caused vvhich is verye troublesome Aneurisma is a daungerous dissese and daungerous for the patient But I may vvith verity affirme it to be true that oftentimes I have seene opened the arteryes of the temples of the heade vvithout any of the foresayed accidentes beinge happened thervnto the vvhich I couÌ„cel the yonge Chyrurgiane to doe it onlye in this place because such an inscisione is more fitter lesse daungerouse theÌ„ the vvhole cuttings of and ligature of the same ⧠Of the swellinge Aneurisma and of the meanes howe to binde and cut of the same Chap. 6. Discription of the tumefaction Aneurisma THis tumefactione Aneurisma is caused most commonlye throughe the dilatation of an arterye vvhich only vve must vnderstande of the smalle Aneurismata beinge impossible that the arterye shoulde so dilate as it vveare vnshutt in the greate Aneurismata vvhich oftentimes vve see vvherfor vve vvill rather say and houlde vvith the opinione of the auncieÌ„t professors that Aneurisma is then caused vvheÌ„ as the bloode and the vitall spirites are repulsed out of the arteryes throughe the apertion or orificia of the same vvhich vve call Anastomosin or els vvhen as the tunicle of the arterye is burst it be ether throughe a vvounde or by anye other occasione as vve may se vvhen as the Chyrurgiane purposinge to opene the vayne in the elbovve by chauÌ„ce prickethe the arterye vvhich is theruÌ„der sitvated the skiÌ„ne vvhich is theroÌ„ lyinge cicatrizeth it selfe and the perforatioÌ„ of the artery through her coÌ„tinvalle reverberatioÌ„e tarrieth vncured opeÌ„ is not stopt or vvith anye carnall substance replete as beinge vnprofitable for anye vse in noe sorte can be bound so close as the arterye of the temples of the heade but throughe the blood vitalle spirites vvhich by degrees issue therout are congregatede vnder the skinne soe conseqventlye cause the svvelliÌ„g supposinge they verye vvell did knovve therin to be matter or any other slimye substance or viscositye for vvhich reason they have made an apertione therin vvhervppon a little time therafter death hath follovved because of the bloode and of the vitall spirites vvhich in