basilicum sive tetrapharmacum ib. diapompholigos 1057. desiccativum rub ib. enulatum ib. Album Rhasis ib. Altheae ib. populeon ib. apostolorum ib. comitissae ib. pro stomacho 1058. ad morsus rabiosos 〈…〉 ibid. Unicorn if any such beast what the name imports 813. what the ordinary horns are 814. not effectual against poyson ib. effectuall onely to dry ib. in what cases good 815 Voices whence so various 194 Vomits their force 38. their descriptions 277 Vomiting why it happens in the Collick 106. the fittest time therfore 705. to make it easie ib. Voyages and other employments wherein the Author was present of Thurin 1142. of Marolle low Britany 1144. of Perpignan 1145. of Landresie Bologne 1146. of Germany 1147. of Danvilliers 1148. of Castle of Compt 1149. of Mets 1150. of Hedin 1155. Battell of S. Quintin 1164. Voyage of Amiens of Harbour of Grace 1165. to Roven ib. battell of Dreux 1166 of Moncontour 1167. voyage of Flanders 1168. of Burges 1172. battell of S. Denis 1172. voyage of Bayon 1173 Uraclius 134. Ureters their substance c. 123 Urine sâ—opt by dislocation of the thigh-bone 626 suppression thereof how deadly 666. how it happens by internall causes 683. by externall 684 prognosticks ib. things unprofitable in the whole body purged thereby 683. bloody the differences and causes thereof 685. the cure 687. scalding therof how helped 740. a receptacle for such as cannot keepe it 877. Urines of such as have the plague somtimes like those that are in health 832 Utelif a strange fish 69. Uvea tunica 183 Vulnerary potions their use 752. the names of the simples whereof they are composed 753. their form and when chiefly to bee used ib. Uvula the site use therof 193. the inflaÌ„mation and relaxation thereof 294. the cure 295. W. WAlnut tree and the malignity therof 808 Warts of the neck of the womb 955. their cure 956. Washes to be beautifie the skin 1079 Wasps their stinging how helped 789 Watching and the discommodities thereof 37 Water its qualities 6. best in time of plague 824 Waters how to bâ—â—distilled 1099. Watrish tumors their signes and cure 269. 270 Weapons of the Antients compared with those of the moderne times 407 Weazon the substance c. therof 156. how to be opened in extreme diseases 294. the wounds therof 387. the ulcers thereof 480 Weaknesse two causes thereof 250 Web on the eye which curable which not 647 the cure ibid. Wedge bone 172 Weights and measures with their notes 1049 Wens their causes and cure 272. 273. how to distinguish them in the breast from a Cancer 273 Whale why reckoned among monsters 1012. they bring forth young suckle them ib. how caught ibid. Whale-bone 1013 Whirle-bone the fracture thereof and cure 582 the dislocation thereof 630 White lime 100 Whites the reason of the name differences c. 952. causes 953. their cure 954 Whitlowes 314 Wine which not good in the Gout 708 Winds their tempers and qualities 20. 30 Winter and the temper thereof 10. how it encreaseth the native heat 11 Wisedome the daughter of memorie and experience 898 Witches hurtby the Devils assistance 989 Wolves their deceits and ambushes 66 Wombe the substance magnitude c. thereof 128. 129. the coats thereof 132. signes of the wounds thereof 347. ulcers therof their cure 482. when it hath received the seed it is shut up 891. the falling downe thereof how caused 906 it is not distinguished into cells 924. a scirrhus thereof 930. signes of the distemper thereof 933 which meet for conception ib. of the falling down pervertion or turning thereof 934. the cure therof 935. it must be cut away when it is putrefyed 936. the strangulation or suffocation therof 939. see Strangulation Women their nature 27. how to know whether they have conceived 890. their travell in child-birth and the cause thereof 899. what must bee done to them presently after their deliverance 917. bearing many children at a birth 970. 971 Wonderfull net 172 Wondrous originall of some creatures 1000. nature of some marine things ibid. Wormes in the teeth their causes and how killed 658. bred in the head 762. cast forth by urine 765. how generated and their differences ibid. of monstrous length 766. signes ib. the cure 7â—7 Wounds may be cured only with liâ—â— water 52 Wounds termed great in three respects 323 112. Wounds poysoned how cured â—80 Wounds of the head at Paris and of the leg at Avignon why hard to bee cured 4â—7 Wounds what the divers appellation and divison of them 321. their causes signes 322. prognostickes 323. small ones sometimes mortall 324 their cure in generall ibid. to stay their bleeding 328. to helpe paine 329. why some die of small ones and others recover of great 351. whether better to cure in children or in old people 352 Wounds of the head see Fractures Of the musculous skinne thereof 360. their cure 361. of the face 378. of the eye-browes ib. of the eyes 379 of the cheeke 382. of the nose 384. of the tongue 385. of the eares 386. of the necke and throat ibid. of the weazon and Gullet 387. of the chest 388. of the heart lungs and midriffe ibid. of the spine 389. what wounds of the lungs cureable 392. of the Epigastrium or lower belly 396. their cure 397. of the Kall and fat 398. of the groines yard and testicles 399. of the thighes and legges ibid. of the nerves and nervous parts ibid. of the joints 403. of the ligaments 404 Wounds contused must be brought to suppuration 417 Wounds made by gun-shot are not burnt neither must they be cauterized 408. they may be dressed with suppuratives 410. why hard to cure ibid. why they looke blacke 413. they have no Eschar ibid. why so deadly 415. in what bodies not easily cured 417. their division 418. signes ibid. how to be drest at the first 419. 423. how the second time 424. they all are contused 432 Wounds made by arrowes how different from those made by gunshot 438 Wrest and the bones thereof 218. the dislocation thereof and the cure 622 Y YArd and the parts thereof 125. the wound thereof 399. to helpe the cord thereof 663 the maligne ulcers thereof 737. to supply the defect thereof for making water 877 Yew tree his malignity 807 Z ZIrbus the Kall the substance c. thereof 101 FINIS * In his Epistle prefixed before the Latine edition of this author * Vide Aul. Gel. l. 20. c. 4. * Gal. de simp l. 6. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Genes 1. Ecclesiast 38. 1. plin l. 7 c. 2. In what esteeme Phisitions have formerly beene Names given to Plants Phisicke is devided into 3 parts The excellency of Chirurgery The definition of Chirurgerie What necessary for a Chirurgion The nature of a Chirurgion Experience more necessary for a Chirurgion thau Art Examples of taking away that which is superfluous * Two tunicles of the eyes Examples of replacing Example of separating
too short it cannot cover the glans This happens either by nature to wit by the first conformation or afterwards by some accident as to those whom religion and the custome of their nation bids to be circumcised The cure is thus The Praepuce is turned up and then the inner membrane thereof is cut round and great care is had that the veine and artery which are there betweene the two membranes of the Praepuce be not cut in sunder Hence it is drawn downward by extension untill it cover the glans a deficcative emplaster being first put between it and the glans lest they should grow together Then a pipe being first put into the urinary passage the praepuce shall be there bound untill the incision be cicatrized This cure is used to the Jewes when having abjured their religion full of superstitions for handsomnesse sake they would cover the nut of their yard with a praepuce and so recover their cut off skinne CHAP. XXXII Of Phymosis and Paraphymosis that is so great a constriction of the praepuce about the Glans or Nut that it cannot be bared or uncovered at Pleasure THe prepuce is straitened about the Glans two waies for it either covers the whole nut so straitly encompasses the end therof that it cannot be drawne upwards and consequently the nut cannot be uncovered or else it leaves the Glans bare under it being fastened so stiffely to the roots thereof that it cannot bee turned up nor drawn down or over the Glans The first manner of constriction is termed Phymosis the latter Paraphymosis The Phymosis happens either by the fault of the first conformation or else by a scarre through which occasion the praepuce hath growne lesser as by the growing of warts Now Paraphymosis is often occasioned by the inflammation of the yard by impure copulation for hence ulcers breed betweene the praepuce and Glans with swelling and so great inflammation that the praepuce cannot bee turned backe Whence it is that they cannot bee handled and cured as you would and a gangrene of the part may follow which may by the contagion bring death to all the body unless it be hindred prevented by amputation but if a scar be the cause of the constriction of the praepuce the patient being plac'd in a convenient site let the praepuce be drawne forth and extended and as much as may be stretched and enlarged then let the scarre be gently cut in three or foure places on the inner side with a crooked knife but so that the gashes come not to the outside and let them be an equall distance each from other But if a fleshy excrescence or a wart shall be the occasion of this straitnesse and constriction it shall be consumed by the same remedies by which the warts of the wombe and yard are consumed or taken off But when as the praepuce doth closely adhere to the Glans on every side the cure is not to be hoped for much lesse to be attempted CHAP. XXXIII Of those whose Glans is not rightly perforated and of the too short or strait ligament bridle or Cord of the yard SOme at their birth by evill conformation have not their Glans perforated in the middle but have only a small hole underneath toward the bridle ligament of the yard called the cord Which is the cause that they do not make water in a strait line unlesse they turn up their yard toward their belly neither by the same reason can they beget children because through this fault of conformation the seed is hindred from being cast directly into the wombe The cure is wholly chirurgicall and is thus performed The praepuce is taken hold of and extended with the left hand but with the right hand the extremity thereof with the end of the Glans is cut even to that hole which is underneath But such as have the bridle or ligament of the yard too short so that the yard cannot stand straight but crooked and as it were turned downewards in these also the generation of children is hindred because the seed cannot be cast directly and plentifully into the wombe Therefore this ligament must be cut with much de xterity and the wound cured after the manner of other wounds having regard to the part Children also are sometimes borne into the world with their fundaments unperforated for a skinne preternaturally covering the part hinders the passage forth of the excrements those must have a passage made by art with an instrument for so at length the excrements will come forth yet I have found by experience that such children are not naturally long lived neither to live many dayes after such section CHAP. XXXIV Of the causes of the stone THE stones which are in the bladder have for the most part had their first originall in the reines or kidneys to wit falling down from thence by the ureters into the bladder The cause of these is twofold that is materiall and efficient Grosse tough and viscide humours which crudities produce by the distempers of the bowels and immoderate exercises chiefly immediately after meat yeeld matter for the stone whence it is that children are more subject to this disease than those of other ages But the efficient cause is either the immoderate heate of the kidneys by meanes whereof the subtler part of the humors is resolved but the grosser and more earthy subsides and is hardened as we see bricks hardened by the sun and fire or the more remisse heat of the bladder sufficient to bake into a stone the faces or dregges of the urine gathered in great plenty in the capacity of the bladder The straightnesse of the ureters and urenary passage may be accounted as an assistant cause For by this meanes the thinner portion of the urine floweth forth but that which is more feculent and muddy being stayed behind groweth as by scaile upon scaile by addition and collection of new matter into a stony masse And as a weeke often-times dipped by the Chandler into melted tallow by the copious adhesion of the tallowy substance presently becomes a large candle thus the more grosse and viscide faeces of the urine stay as it were at the barres of the gathered gravell and by their continuall appulse are at length wrought and fashioned into a true stone CHAP. XXXV Of the signes of the stone of the Kidneys and bladder THE signes of the stone in the reines are the subsiding of red or yellow sand in the urine a certaine obscure itching at the kidneys and the sense of a weight or heavinesse at the loynes a sharp and pricking paine in moving or bending the body a numnesse of the thigh of the same side by reason of the compression caused by the stone of the nerves discending out of the vertebrae of the loynes of the thigh But when the stone is in the bladder the fundament and whole perinaeum is
for that the kidneyes seeing they are of a fleshy substance doe farre better ripen and digest the purulent matter than the bladder which is nervous and bloodlesse CHAP. LIII Of the signes of the ulcerated Bladder ULCERS are in the bottome of the bladder and the necke thereof The signes of an ulcer in the bladder are a deepe paine at the sharebones the great stinch of the matter flowing therefrom white and thin skins swimming up and downe in the water But when the ulcer possesseth the necke of the bladder the paine is more gentle neither doth it trouble before the patient come to make water but in the very making thereof and a little while after But it is common both to the one and the other that the yard is extended in making of water to wit by reason of the paine caused by the urine fretting of the ulcerated part in the passage by neither is the matter seen mixed with the urine as is usuall in an ulcer of the upper parts because it is powred forth not together with the urine but after it CHAP. LIV. Prognosticks of the ulcerated Reines and Bladder ULCERS of the kidneies are more easily and readily healed than those of the bladder for fleshy parts more speedily heale and knit than bloodlesse and nervous parts Ulcers which are in the bottom of the bladder are uncurable or certainely most difficult to heale for besides that they are in a bloodlesse part they are daily vellicated and exasperated by the continuall affluxe of the contained urine for all the urine is never evacuated now that which remaines after making water becomes more acride by the distemper and heat of the part for that the bladder is alwaies gathered about it dilated straitned according to the quantity of the conteined urine therfore in the Ischuria that is the suppression or difficulty of making water you may somtimes see a quart of water made at once Those which have their legs fall away having an ulcer in their bladder are near their deaths Ulcers arising in these parts unlesse they be consolidated in a short time remaine uncureable CHAP. LV. What cure must be used in the suppression of the Urine IN curing the suppression of the urine the indication must be taken from the nature of the disease and cause thereof if it bee yet present or not But the diversity of the parts by which being hurt the Ischuria happens intimates the variety of medicines neither must we presently run to diuretickes and things breaking the stone which many Empericks doe For hence grievous and maligne symptomes often arise especially if this suppression proceed from an acride humour or blood pressed out by a bruise immoderate venery and all more vehement exercise a hot and acride potion as of Cantharides by too long abstaining from making water by a Phlegmon or ulcer of the urenary parts For thus the paine and inflammation are encreased whence followes a gangrene at length death Wherfore attempt nothing in this case without the advice of a Physitian no not when you must come to Surgery For â—iureticks can scarce have place in another case than when the urenary passages are obstructed by gravell or a grosse and viscide humour or else in some cold countrey or in the application of Narcoticks to the loines although we must not here use these before we have first made use of generall medicines now Diuretickes may be administred sundry waies as hereafter shall appeare â„ž agrimon urtic. parietar surculos rubros habentis an m. i. rad asparag mundat â„¥ iiii gran alkekengi nu xx sem malvae â„¥ ss rad acor â„¥ i. bulliant omnia simul in sex libris aquae dulcis ad tertias deinde coletur Let the patient take â„¥ iiii hereof with â„¥ i. of sugar candy and drinke it warme fasting in a morning three houres before meat Thirty or forty Ivie berries beaten in white wine and given the patient to drink some two houres before meate are good for the same purpose Also Ê’i of nettle seeds made into fine pouder and drunke in chicken broth is good for the same purpose A decoction also of Grummell Goats saxifrage pellitory of the wall white saxifrage the rootes of parsley asparagus acorus bruscus and orris drunke in the quantity of some three or foure ounces is profitable also for the same purpose Yet this following water is commended above the rest to provoke urine open the passages thereof from what cause soever the stoppage thereof proceed â„ž radic osmund regal cyp bismal gram petrosel foenic. an â„¥ ii raph crassior intaleol â„¥ iiii macerentur per noctem in aceto albo acerrimo bulliant postea in aquae fluvialis lb. x. saxifrag crist marin rub tinct milii solis summitat malvae bismal an p. ii berul cicer rub an p. i. sem melon citrul an â„¥ ii ss alkekengi gra xx glycyrhiz â„¥ i. bulliant omnia simul ad tertias in colatura infunde per noctem fol. sen oriental lb. ss fiat iterum parva ebullitio in expressione colata infunde cinam elect Ê’vi colentur iterum colatura injiciatur in alembicum vitreum postea tereb venet lucid lb ii aq vitae â„¥ vi agitentur omnia simul diligentissime Lutetur alembicum luto sapientiae fiat destillatio lento igne in balneo mariae Use it after the following manner â„ž aq stillatitiae prescriptae â„¥ ii aut iii. According to the operation which it shall performe let the patient take it foure houres before meat Also raddish water destilled in balneo mariae is given in the quantity of â„¥ iiii with sugar and that with good successe Bathes and semicupia or halfe bathes artificially made relaxe soften dilate and open all the body therefore the prescribed diuretickes mixed with halfe a dram of Treacle may be fitly given at the going forth of the bath These medicines following are judged fit to cleanse the ulcers of the kidneyes and bladder Syrupe of maiden haire of roses taken in the quantity of â„¥ i. with hydromel or barly water Asses or Goats milke are also much commended in this affect because they cleanse the ulcers by their ferous or whayish portion and agglutinate by their cheeselike They must bee taken warme from the dugge with honey of roses or a little salt lest they corrupt in the stomacke and that to the quantity of foure ounces drinking or eating nothing presently upon it The following Trochisces are also good for the same purpose â„ž quatuor sem frigid major seminis papaveris albi portulac plantag cydon myrtil gum tragacanth et arub pinear. glycyrrhi mund hordei mund mucag. psilii amygdal dulcium an â„¥ i. boli armen sanguin dracon spodii rosar mastich terra sigil myrrhae an â„¥ ii cum oxymelite conficiantur secundum artem trochisci Let the patient take Ê’ss dissolved in whay ptisan barly water and the like they may also be profitably dissolved
and draw forth the grosse and viscide so that they flow out by the ulcers together with the quitture Over and besides the ligaments are strengthened by their cicatrization and their loosenesse helped by this meanes the whole part is notably corroberated CHAP. XXIIII Of the flatulent convulsion or convulsive contraction which is commonly called by the French Goute Grampe and by the English the Crampe THat which the French call Goute grampe wee heare intend to treat of induced thereto rather by the affinity of the name than of the thing for if one speake truly it is a certaine kinde of convulsion generated by a flatulent matter by the violence of whose running downe or motion oft-times the necke armes and legs are either extended or contracted into themselves with great paine but that for a short time The cause thereof is a grosse and tough vapor insinuating it selfe into the branches of the nerves and the membranes of the muscles It takes one on the night rather than on the day for that then the heat and spirits usually retire themselves into the entrailes and center of the body whence it is that flatulencies may bee generated which will fill up distend and pull the part whereinto they runne just as wee see lute-strings are extended This affect often takes such as swimme in cold water causeth many to be drowned though excellent swimmers their members by this means being so straitly contracted that they cannot by any meanes be extended For the skin by the coldnesse of the water is contracted and condensed and the pores therof shut so that the engendered flatulencies have no passage forth Such as give themselves to drunkennesse and gluttony or sloth and idlenesse are usually more frequently troubled with this disease by reason of their heaping up of crudities Therefore it is cured by moderate diet and ordering of the body and exercise of each part therof for thus they gather strength and the generation of the flatulent matter is hindered In the very time when it takes one the patient shall bee cured by long rubbing with warme clothes and aqua vitae wherein the leaves of sage rosemary time savory lavander cloves ginger and the like discussing and resolving things have beene infused The extension and flexion of the members or joints and walking are also good The End of the Eighteenth Booke OF THE LUES VENEREA AND THOSE SYMPTOMES VVHICH HAPPEN BY MEANES THEREOF THE NINETEENTH BOOKE CHAP. I. A description of the Lues Venerea THe French call the Lues Venerea the Neapolitane disease the Italians and Germans as also the English terme it the French disease the Latines call it Pudendagra others name it otherwise But it makes no great matter how it bee called if the thing it selfe bee understood Therefore the Lues Venerea is a disease gotten or taken by touch but chiefly that which is in uncleane copulation and it partakes of an occult quality commonly taking its originall from ulcers of the privie parts and then further manifesting its selfe by pustles of the head and other externall parts and lastly infecting the entrailes and inner parts with cruell and nocturnall tormenting paine of the head shoulders joynts and other parts In processe of time it causeth knots and hard Tophi and lastly corrupts and foules the bones dissolving them the flesh about them being oft-times not hurt but it corrupteth and weakeneth the substance of other parts according to the condition of each of them the distemper and evill habit of the affected bodies and the inveteration or continuance of the morbificke cause For some lose one of their eyes others both some lose a great portion of the eye-lids othersome looke very ghastly and not like themselves and some become squint-eyed Some lose their hearing others have their noses fall flat the pallat of their mouthes perforated with the losse of the bone Ethmoides so that in stead of free and perfect utterance they faulter and fumble in their speech Some have their mouthes drawne awry others their yards cut off and women a great part of their privities tainted with corruption There bee some who have the Urethra or passage of the yard obstructed by budding caruncles or inflamed pustles so that they cannot make water without the helpe of a Catheter ready to die within a short time either by the suppression of the urine or by a Gangrene arising in these parts unlesse you succour them by the amputation of their yards Others become lame of their armes and othersome of their legges and a third sort grow stiffe by the contraction of all their members so that they have nothing left them sound but their voice which serveth for no other purpose but to bewaile their miseries for which it is scantly sufficient Wherefore should I trouble you with mention of those that can scantly draw their breath by reason of an Asthma or those whose bodies waste with a hecticke feaver and slow consumption It fares farre worse with these who have all their bodies deformed by a Leprosie arising there hence and have all their throttles and throates eaten with putride and cancrous ulcers their haire falling off from their heads their hands and feet cleft with tetters and scaly chinkes neither is their case much better who having their braines tainted with this disease have their whole bodies shaken by fits of the falling sicknesse who troubled with a filthy and cursed flux of the belly doe continually cast forth stinking and bloudy filth Lastly there are no kinde of diseases no sorts of symptomes wherewith this disease is not complicate never to be taken away unlesse the virulencie of this murrain be wholly taken away and impugned by its proper Antidote that is argentum vivum CHAP. II. Of the causes of the Lues Venerea THere are two efficient causes of the Lues venerea the first is a certaine occult and specificke quality which cannot be demonstrated yet it may be referred to God as by whose command this hath assailed mankind as a scourge or punishment to restraine the too wanton and lascivious lusts of unpure whoremongers The other is an impure touch or contagion and principally that which happeneth in copulation Whether the man or woman have their privities troubled with virulent ulcers or bee molested with a virulent strangury which disease crafty Whores colour by the name of the whites the malignity catcheth hold of the other thus a woman taketh this disease by a man casting it into her hot open and moist wombe but a man taketh it from a woman which for example sake hath some small while before received the virulent seed of a whore-master polluted with this disease the mucous sanies whereof remaining in the wrinckles of the womans wombe may be drawne in by the pores of the standing and open yard whence succeede maligne ulcers and a virulent strangury This virulencie like a torch or candle set on fire will by little and little bee
to these remedies then must we come to the friction or unction of the groines perinaum and ulcers with the ointments formerly prescribed for the generall friction Also fumigations may bee made as wee mentioned in the former chapter For thus at length the malignity of the virulent humour will be overcome and the callous hardnesse mollified and lastly the ulcers themselves cleansed and being cleansed consolidated Sometimes after the perfect cure of such ulcers there will appeare manifest signes of the Lues venerea in many which shewed not themselves before for that the virulency flowed forth of the running ulcers and now this vent being stopt it flowes backe into the body and shewes signes thereof in other parts and these men have need of a generall unction CHAP. XVI by us vulgarly in English the running of the 〈◊〉 How a Gonnorhoea differeth from a virulent strangury EVen to this day very many have thought that the virulent strangury hath some affinity with the Gonnorhoea of the Ancients but you shall understand by that which followes that they are much different For a Gonnorhoea is an unvoluntary effusion of seed running from the whole body to the genitals by reason of the resolution and palsey of the retentive faculty of these parts as it is delivered by Galen lib. de loc affect This disease befalleth others by the collection of the bloud and seminall matter by the vessels of the whole body which not turning into fat and good flesh takes its course to the genitals but on the contrary a virulent strangury is a running or rather dropping out of the urenary passage of a yellowish livide bloudy filthy saâ—ies like to pus or matter not well concocted oftentimes fretting and exulcerating the passage with the acrimony and causing a painefull erection of the yard and distension of all the genitall parts For in this erection there is caused as it were a convulsive contraction of these parts And hence it is that the patients complaine that they feele as it were a string stretched stiffe in that part which drawes the yard as it were downewards The cause hereof is a grosse and flatulent spirit filling and distending by its plenty the whole channell or hollow nerve yea verily the whole porous substance of the yard If to these symptomes this be added that the urenary passage be exulcerated a grievous paine afflicts the patient whilest he makes water for that the ulcers are irritated by the sharpe urine passing that way Such a virulent strangury or running of the reines oft-times continueth for two or three yeares space but the Gonnorhaea or running of the seed cannot endure so long but that it will bring the body to an extreme and deadly leanenesse for that the matter of the seed is of the more benigne and laudible portion of the bloud as you may perceive by those who have too immoderately used copulation but the space of one night For such have their faces more leane and lanke and the rest of their bodies enervated languisheth and becommeth dull By this we have delivered it may be perceived that the running of a virulent strangury is not the running of a seminall humour fit for generation of issue but rather of a viscous and acride filth which hath acquired a venenate malignity by the corruption of the whole substance CHAP. XVII Of the causes and differences of the scalding or sharpenesse of the urine THe heat or scalding of the water which is one kinde of the virulent strangury ariseth from some one of these three causes to wit repletion inanition and contagion That which proceeds from repletion proceeds either from too great abundance of bloud or by a painefull and cedious journey in the hot sunne or by feeding upon hot acride diureticke and â—larulent meats causing tension and heat in the urenary parts whence proceeds the inflammation of them and the genitall parts whence it happens that not onely a seminall but also much other moisture may flow unto these parts but principally to the prostatae which are glandules situate at the roots or beginning of the necke of the bladder in which place the spermaticke vessels end also abstinence from venery causeth this plenitude in some who have usually had to doe with women especially the expulsive faculty of the seminall and urenary parts being weake so that they are not of themselves able to free themselves from this burden For then the suppressed matter is corrupted and by its acrimony contracted by an adventitious and putredinous heat it causeth heate and paine in the passage forth The prostata swelling with such inflamed matter in processe of time become ulcerated the abscesse being broken The purulent sanies dropping and flowing hence alongst the urinary passage causes ulcers by the acrimonie which the urine falling upon exasperates whence sharpe paine which also continueth for some short time after making of water and together there with by reason of the inflammation the paines attraction and the vaporous spirits distension the yard stands and is contracted with paine as wee noted in the former chapter But that which happens through inanition is acquired by the immoderate and unfit use of venery for hereby the oily and radicall moisture of the forementioned glandules is exhausted which wasted and spent the urine cannot but be troublesome and sharpe by the way to the whole urethra From which sense of sharpe paine the scalding of the urine hath its denomination That which comes by contagion is caused by impure copulation with an unclean person or with a woman which some short while before hath received the tainted seed of a virulent person or else hath the whites or her privities troubled with hidden and secret ulcers or carrieth a virulent spirit shut up or hidden there which heated and resuscitated by copulâ—tion presently infects the whole body with the like conâ—agion no otherwise than the sting of a Scorpion or Phalangium by casting a little poison into the skinne presently infects the whole body the force of the poison spreading further than one would believe so that the partie falls downe dead in a short while after Thus therefore the seminall humour conteined in the prostatae is corrupted by the tainture of the ill drawne thence by the yard and the contagion infects the part it selfe whence followes an abcesse which casting forth the virulency by the urenary passage causeth a virulent strangury and the maligne vapour carryed up with some portion of the humour unto the entrailes and principall parts cause the Lues venerea CHAP. XVIII Prognosticks in a virulent strangury WEE ought not to be negligent or carelesse in curing this affect for of it proceed pernicious accidents as wee have formerly told you and neglected it becomes uncurable so that some have it run out of their urenary passage during their lives oft-times to their former misery is added a suppression of the urine the prostatae and neck of the bladder
milk newly milked or warmed at the fire Milk doth not only conduce hereto being thus injected but also drunk for it hath a refrigerating and cleansing faculty and by the subtlety of the parts it quickly arrives at the urenary passages Furthermore it will be good to anoint with cerat refriger Galeni addita camphora or with ceratum santalinum ung comitissae or nutritum upon the region of the kidneyes loines and perinaeum as also to anoint the Cods and Yard But before you use the foresaid ointments or the like let them be melted over the fire but have a care that you make them not too hot lest they should lose their refrigerating quality which is the thing we chiefly desire in them Having used the foresaid ointment it will be convenient to apply thereupon some linnen clothes moistened in oxycrate composed ex aquis plantaginis solani sempervivi rosarum and the like If the patient bee tormented with intollerable paine in making water and also some small time after as it commonly commeth to passe I would wish him that he should make water putting his yard into a chamber-pot filled with milke or water warmed The paine by this meanes being asswaged we must come to the cleansing of the ulcers by this or the like injection â„ž hydromelitis symp â„¥ iv syr de rosis siccis de absinth an â„¥ ss fiat injectio But if there be need of more powerfull detersion you may safely adde as I have frequently tryed a little aegyptiacum I have also found this following decoction to bee very good for this purpose â„ž vini albi oderiferi lb ss aquar plantag ros an â„¥ ii auripigmenti Ê’ss viridis aeris ℈ i. aloës opt Ê’ss pulverisentur pulverisanda bulliant simul Keep the decoction for to make injection withall You may encrease or diminish the quantity and force of the ingredients entring into this composition as the patient and disease shall seeme to require The ulcers being thus cleansed we must hasten to dry them so that we may at length cicatrize them This may be done by drying up the superfluous moisture and strengthening the parts that are moistened and relaxed by the continuall defluxion for which purpose this following decoction is very profitable â„ž aq fabrorum lb i. psidiarum balaust nucum cupres conquassatorum an Ê’i ss sâ—â—in sumach herber an Ê’ii syrup rosar de absinth an â„¥ i. fiat decoctio You may keepe it for an injection to be often injected into the urethra with a syringe so long as that there shall no matter or filth flow out thereat for then there is certaine hope of the cure CHAP. XXII Of Caruncles or fleshy excrescâ—uâ—â—s which sometimes happen to grow in the Urethra by the heat or scâ—lding of the urine ASharpe humour which flowes from the Glandules termed Prostatae and continually runs alongst the urenary passage in some places by the way it frets and exulcerates by the acrimony the urethra in men but the necke of the wombe in women In these as also is usuall in other ulcers there sometimes growes up a superfluous flesh which oft times hinders the casting or comming forth of the seed urine by their appropriate and common passage whence many mischieves arise whence it is that such ulcers as have caruncles growing upon them must be diligently cured But first we must know whether they be new or old For the latter are more difficulty to bee cured than the former because the caruncles that grow upon them become callous and hard being oft times cicatrized Wee know that there are caruncles if the Cathâ—ter cannot freely passe alongst the passage of the urine but findes so many stops in the way as it meets with Caruncles that stop the passage if the patient can hardly make water or if his water runne in a very small streame or two streames or crookedly or onely by droppe and droppe with such tormenting paine that he is ready to let goe his excrements yea and oft times doth so after the same manner as such as are troubled with the stone in the bladder After making water as also after copulation some portion of the urine and seed stayes at the rough places of the caruncles so that the patient is forced to presse his yard to presse forth such reliques Sometimes the urine is wholly stopped whence proceeds such distention of the bladder that it causeth inflammation and the urine flowing backe into the body hastens the death of the patient Yet sometimes the urine thus supprest sweats forth preternaturally in sundry places as at the fundament perinaeum cod yard groines As soone as we by any of the forementioned signes shall suspect that there is a Caruncle about to grow it is expedient forthwith to use means for the cure therof for a caruncle from a very little beginning doth in a short time grow so bigge that at the length it becomes incureable verily you may easily ghesse at the difficulty of the cure by that we have formerly delivered of the essence hereof besides medicines can very hardly arrive therat The fittest season for the undertaking thereof is the spring and the next thereto is winter yet if it be very troublesome you must delay no time Whilest the cure is in hand the patient ought wholly to abstain from venery for by the use thereof the kidneyes spermaticke vessels prostatae and the whole yard swell up and waxe hot and consequently draw to them from the neighbouring and upper parts whence aboundance of excrements in the affected parts much hindering the cure You must beware of acrid and corroding things in the use of detergent injections for that thus the urethra being endued with most exquisite sense may bee easily offended whence might ensue many and ill accidents Neither must wee be frighted if at some times wee see blood flow forth of secret or hidden caruncles For this helpes to shorten the cure because the disease is hindered from growth by taking away portion of the conjunct matter the part also it selfe is eased from the oppressing burden for the materiall cause of caruncles is superfluous blood Wherfore unlesse such bleeding happen of it selfe it is not amisse to procure it by thrusting in a Cathaeter somewhat hard yet with good advise If the Caruncles be inveterate and callous then must they be mollified by fomentations ointments cataplasmes plasters and fumigations you may thus a make fomentation â„ž rad alth lilior alâ— an â„¥ iv rad bryaniâ— foenicul an â„¥ iss fol. malvar violarum parietar mercur an m ss sem lini faenugr an â„¥ ss caricas ping nu xii florum chamaem melil an p i. contundantur contuâ—denda incidenda incidantur bulliant omnia in aqua communi make a fomentation and apply it with soft sponges Of the masse of the strained-out things you may make a cataplasme after this manner â„ž praedicta
if they bee often rubbed therewith In stead here of many use the swathe of Bacon rubbed warme thereon also the distilled waters of beane flowers lilly roots reed-roots egge-shels and oile of egs are thought very prevalent to waste and smoothe the Pock-arres A Discourse of certaine monstrous creatures which breed against nature in the bodies of men women and little children which may serve as an induction to the ensuing discourse of worms As in the macrocosmos or bigger world so in the microcosmos or lesser world there are winds thunders earthquakes showres inundations of waters sterilities fertilities stones mountaines and sundry sorts of fruits and creatures thence arise For who can deny but that there is winde conteined shut up in Flatulent abscesses and in the guts of those that are troubled with the cholicke Flatulencies make so great a noyse in divers womens bellies if so be you stand neare them that you would think you heard a great number of frogs croaking on the night time That water is contained in watery abseesses and the belly of such as have the dropsie is manifested by that cure which is performed by the letting forth of the water in fits of Agues the whole body is no otherwise shaken and trembles than the earth when it is heard to bellow and felt to shake under our feet He which shall see the stones which are taken out of the bladder come from the kidnies and divers other parts of the bodie cannot deny but that stones are generated in our bodies Furthermore wee see both men women who in their face or some other parts shew the impression or imprinted figure of a cherry plumb service fig mulberry the like fruit the cause hereof is thought to be the power of the imagination concurring with the formative faculty and the tendernesse of the yeelding and waxe-like embxyon easie to be brought into any forme or figure by reason of the proper and native humidity For you shall find that all their mothers whilest they went with them have earnestly desired or longed for such things which whilest they have too earnestly agitated in their mindes they have trans-ferred the shape unto the childe whilest that they could not enjoy the things themselves Now who can deny but that bunches on the backe and large wens resemble mountaines Who can gainsay but that squalide sterility may bee assimulated to the hectick dryness of wasted and consumed persons and fertility deciphered by the body distended with much flesh and fat so that the legs can scarce stand under the burden of the belly But that divers creatures are generated in one creature that is in man and that in sundry parts of him the following histories shall make it evident Hollerius tels that a certaine Italian by frequent smelling to the herbe Basill had a Scorpion bred in his braine which caused long and vehement paine and at length death therefore I have here exprest the figure of that Scorpion found when as his braine was opened The figure of a Scorpion It makes Hollerius conjecture of the cause and originall of this Scorpion probable for that Chrysippus Dyophanes and Pliny write that of basill beaten betweene two stones and laid in the sun therewill come Scorpions Fernelius writes that in a certaine souldier who was flat nosed upon the too long restraint or stoppage of a certaine filthy matter that flowed out of the nose that there were generated two hairy wormes of the bignesse of ones finger which at length made him mad he had no manifest feaver and he died about the twentieth day this was their shape by as much as we can gather by Fernelius his words The effigies of the wormes mentioned by Fernelius Lewes Duret a man of great learning and credit told mee that hee had come forth with his urine after a long and difficult disease a quick creature of colour red but otherwise like in shape a Millepes that is a Cheslope or Hog-louce The shape of a Millepes cast forth by urine Count Charles of Mansfieldt last summer troubled with a grievous and continuall feaver in the duke of Guises place cast forth a filthy matter at his yard in the shape of a live thing almost just in this forme The shape of a thing cast forth by urine Monstrous creatures also of sundry formes are also generated in the wombes of women somewiles alone otherwhiles with a mola and sometimes with a child naturally and well made as frogs toads serpents lizzards which therefore the Ancients have turmed the Lumbards brethren for that it was usuall with their women that together with their naturall and perfect issue they brought into the world wormes serpents and monstrous creatures of that kinde generated in their wombes for that they alwaies more respected the deckling of their bodies than they did their diet For it happened whilest they fed on fruits weeds and trash and such things as were of ill juice they generated a putride matter or certainely very subject to putrefaction and corruption and consequently opportune to generate such unperfect creatures Joubertus telleth that there were two Italian women that in one moneth brought forth each of them a monstrous birth the one that marryed a Tailor brought forth a thing so little that is resembled a Rat without a taile but the other a Gentlewoman brought forth a larger for it was of the bignesse of a Cat both of them were black and as soone as they came out of the wombe they ran up high on the wall and held fast thereon with their nailes Licosthenes writes that in Anno Dom. 1494. a woman at Cracovia in the streete which taketh name from the holy Ghost was delivered of a dead child who had a serpen fastned upon his back which fed upon this dead child as you perceive by this following figure The figure of a serpent fastned to a child Levinus Lemnius tels a very strange history to this purpose Some few yeares agone saith he a certaine woman of the Isle in Flanders which being with child by a Sailer her belly swelled up so speedily that it seemed shee would not bee able to carry her burden to the terme prescribed by nature her ninth moneth being ended she calls a midwife and presently after strong throwes and paines shee first brought forth a deformed lumpe of flesh having as it were two handles on the sides stretched forth to the length and manner of armes and it moved and panted with a certain vitall motion after the manner of spunges and sea-nettles but afterwards there came forth of her wombe a monster with a crooked nose a long and round necke terrible eies a sharpe taile and wonderfull quick of the feet it was shaped much after this manner The shape of a monster that came forth of a womans wombe As soone as it came into the light it filled the whole roome with a noise and hissing running to every side to
Guts the wormes doe lurk you must note that when they are in the small guts the patients complain of a paine in their stomacke with a dogge-like appetite whereby they require many and severall things without reason a great part of the nourishment being consumed by the wormes lying there they are also subject to often fainting by reason of the sympathy which the stomacke being a part of most exquisite sense hath with the heart the nose itches the breath stinkes by reason of the exhalations sent up from the meat corrupting in the stomacke through which occasion they are also given to sleep but are now and then waked therefrom by suddaine startings and feares they are held with a continued and slow feaver a dry cough a winking with their eielids and often changing of the colour of their faces But long and broad wormes being the innates of the greater guts shew themselves by stooles replenished with many sloughes here and there resembling the seedes of a Musk-melon or cucumber Ascarides are knowne by the itching they cause in the fundament causing a sense as if it were Ants running up and downe causing also a tenesmus and falling downe of the fundament This is the cause of all these symptomes their sleepe is turbulent and often clamorous when as hot acride and subtle vapors raised by the wormes from the like humor and their foode are sent up to the head but sound sleep by the contrary as when a misty vapour is sent up from a grosse and cold matter They dream they eate in their sleepe for that while the wormes doe more greedily consume the chylous matter in the guts they stirre up the sense of the like action in the phantasie They grate or gnash their teeth by reason of a certaine convulsisick repletion the muscles of the temples and jawes being distended by plenty of vapours A dry cough comes by the consent of the vitall parts serving for respiration which the naturall to wit the Diaphragma or midriffe smit upon by acride vapoures and irritated as though there were some humour to bee expelled by coughing These same acride fumes assailing the orifice of the ventricle cause either a hicketting or else a fainting according to the condition of their consistence grosse or thin these carryed up to the parts of the face cause an itching of the nose a darkenesse of the fight and a suddaine changing of the colour in the cheeks Great wormes are worse than little ones red than white living than dead many than few variegated than those of one collour as those which are signes of a greater corruption Such as are cast forth bloody and sprinkled with blood are deadly for they shew that the substance of the guts is eaten asunder for oft-times they corrode and perforate the body of the gut wherein they are conteined and thence penetrare into divers parts of the belly so that they have come forth sometimes at the Navell having eaten themselves a passage forth as Hollerius affirmeth When as children troubled with the wormes draw their breath with difficulty and wake moist over all their bodies it is a signe that death is at hand If at the beginning of sharpe feavers round wormes come forth alive it is a signe of a pestilent feaver the malignity of whose matter they could not endure but were forced to come forth But if they be cast forth dead they are signes of greater corruption in the humours and of a more venenate malignity CHAP. V. What cure to bee used for the Wormes IN this disease there is but one indication that is the exclusion or casting out of the wormes either alive or dead forth of the body as being such that in their whole kinde are against nature all things must bee shunned which are apt to heap up putrefaction in the body by their corruption such as are crude fruits cheese milke-meats fishes and lastly such things as are of a difficult and hard digestion but prone to corruption Pappe is fit for children for that they require moist things but these ought to answer in a certaine similitude to the consistence and thicknesse of milke that so they may the more easily be concocted assimulated such only is that pap which is made with wheat flower not crude but baked in an oven that the pappe made therewith may not be too viscide nor thicke if it should onely bee boyled in a panne as much as the milke would require or else the milke would bee too terrestriall or too waterish all the fatty portion thereof being resolved the cheesy and whayish portion remaining if it should boile so much as were necessary for the full boiling of the crude meate they which use meale otherwise in pappe yeild matter for the generating of grosse and viscide humours in the stomacke whence happens obstruction in the first veines and substance of the liver by obstruction wormes breede in the guts and the stone in the kidneyes and bladder The patient must be fed often and with meates of good juice lest the worms through want of nourishment should gnaw the substance of the guts Now when as such things breed of a putride matter the patient shall be purged and the putrefaction represt by medicines mentioned in our treatise of the plague For the quick killing and casting of them forth syrupe of Succory or of lemmons with rubarbe a little Treacle or Mithridate is a singular medicine if there be no feaver you may also for the same purpose use this following medicine ℞ cornu cervi pul rasur eboris an ʒ i ss sem tanacet contra verm an ʒ i. fiat decoctio pro parva dofi in colatur a infunde rhei optimi ʒ i. cinam ℈ i. dissolve syrupi de absinthio ℥ ss make a potion give it in the morning three houres before any broath Oyle of Olives drunke kills wormes as also water of knot-grasse drunke with milke and in like manner all bitter things Yet I could first wish them to give a glyster made of milke hony and sugar without oyles and bitter things lest shunning thereof they leave the lower guts and come upwards for this is naturall to wormes to shunne bitter things and follow sweet things Whence you may learne that to the bitter things which you give by the mouth you must alwaies mixe sweet things that allured by the sweetnesse they may devour them more greedily that so they may kill them Therefore I would with milke and Sugar mixe the seeds of centaury rue wormewood aloes and the like harts-horne is very effectuall against wormes wherefore you may infuse the shavings thereof in the water or drinke that the patient drinkes as also to boile some thereof in his brothes So also treacle drunke or taken in broth killeth the wormes purslaine boiled in brothes and destilled and drunke is also good against the worms as also succory and mints also a decoction of the lesser house-leek and sebestens given with
sugar before meate it is no lesse effectuall to put wormeseeds in their pap and in roasted apples and so to give them it Also you may make suppositories after this manner and put them up into the fundament â„ž coralli subalbi rasurae eboris cornu cerviusti ireos an ℈ ii mellis albi â„¥ ii ss aquae centiâ—odiae q. s adomnia concorporanda fiant Glandes let one be put up every day of the weight of Ê’ ii for children these suppositories are chiefly to bee used for Ascarides as those which adhere to the right gut To such children as can take nothing by the mouth you shall apply cataplasmes to their navells made of the pouder of cummin seeds the floure of lupines worme-wood southerne wood tansie the leaves of Artichokes rue the pouder of coloquintida citron seeds aloes arsemart horse mint peach leaves Costus amarus Zedoaria sope and oxegall Such cataplasmes are oft times spred over all the belly mixing therewith astringent things for the strengthening of the part as oile of myrtles Quinces and mastich you may also apply a great onion hollowed in the midst and filled with Aloes and Treacle and so roasted in the embers then beaten with bitter almonds and an oxe gall Also you may make emplasters of bitter things as this which followes â„ž fellis bubuli sucei absinthii an â„¥ ii colocyn â„¥ i. terantur misceantur simul incorporentur cum farina lupinorum make hereof an emplaster to be laid upon the Navell Liniments and ointments may bee also made for the same purpose to anoint the belly you may also make plasters for the navell of Pillulae Ruff. anointing in the meane time the fundament with hony and sugar that they may bee chafed from above with bitter things and allured downewards with sweete things Or else take wormes that have beene cast forth dry them in an iron pan over the fire then pouder them and give them with wine or some other liquor to bee drunke for so they are thought quickly to kill the rest of the wormes Hereto also conduceth the juice of citrons drunke with the oile of bitter almonds or sallade oile Also some make bathes against this affect of wormewood galls peach leaves boiled in water and then bathe the childe therein But in curing the wormes you must observe that this disease is oft times entangled with another more grievous disease as an acute and burning feaver a fluxe or scouring and the like in which as for example sake a feaver being present and conjoyned therewith if you shall give wormseeds old Treacle myrrhe aloes you shall encrease the feaver and fluxe for that bitter things are very contrary to the cure of these affects But if on the contrary in a fluxe whereby the wormes are excluded you shall give corrall and the floure of Lentiles you shall augment the feaver making the matter more contumacious by dry and astringent things Therefore the Physician shall be carefull in considering whether the feaver bee a symptome of the wormes or on the contrary it bee essentiall and not symptomaticke that this being knowne hee may principally insist in the use of such medicines as resist both affects as purging and bitterish in a feaver and wormes but bitter and somewhat astrictive things in the wormes and fluxe CHAP. VI. A short description of the Elephantiasis or Leprosie and of the causes thereof THis disease is termed Elephantiasis because the skinne of such as are troubled therewith is rough scabious wrinckled and unequall like the skin of an Elephant Yet this name may seem to be imposed thereon by reason of the greatnesse of the disease Some from the opinion of the Arabians have termed it Lepra or Leprosie but unproperly for the Lepra is a kinde of Scab and disease of the skinne which is vulgarly called Malum sancti manis which word for the present we will use as that which prevailes by custome and antiquity Now the Leprosie according to Paulus is a Cancer of the whole body the which as Avicen addes corrupts the complexion forme and figure of the members Galen thinkes the cause ariseth from the errour of the sanguifying faculty through whose default the assimulation in the flesh and habite of the body is depraved and much changed from it selfe and the rule of nature But ad Glauconem hee defines this disease An effusion of troubled or grosse blood into the veines and habit of the whole body This disease is judged great for that it partakes of a certaine venenate virulency depraving the members and comelinesse of the whole body Now it appeares that the Leprosie partakes of a certaine venenate virulency by this that such as are melancholicke in the whole habit of their bodies are not leprous Now this disease is composed of three differences of diseases First it consists of a distemper against nature as that which at the beginning is hot and dry and at length the ebullition of the humours ceasing and the heat dispersed it becomes cold and dry which is the conjunct cause of this symptome Also it consists of an evill composition or conformation for that it depraves the figure and beauty of the parts Also it consists of a solution of continuity when as the flesh and skin are cleft in divers parts with ulcers and chops the leprosie hath for the most part 3. generall causes that is the primitive antecedent conjunct the primitive cause is either from the first conformation or comes to them after they are born It is thought to be in him from the first conformation who was conceived of depraved corrupt menstruous blood such as enclined to melancholly who was begot of the leprous seed of one or both his parents for leprous persons generate leprous because the principall parts being tainted and corrupted with a melancholy and venenate juice it must necessarily follow that the whole masse of blood and seed that falls from it and the whole body should also be vitiated This cause happens to those that are already born by long staying inhabiting in maritime countries whereas the grosse and misty aire in successe of time induceth the like fault into the humours of the body for that according to Hippocrates such as the aire is such is the spirit and such the humours Also long abiding in very hot places because the blood is torrified by heate but in cold places for that they incrassate and congealing the spirits doe after a manner stupefie may bee thought the primitive causes of this disease Thus in some places of Germany there are divers leprous persons but they are more frequent in Spaine and overall Africa then in all the world beside and in Languedoc Provence and Guyenne are more than in whole France besides Familiarity copulation and cohabitation with leprous persons may be reckoned amongst the causes thereof because they transferre this disease to their familiars by their breath sweat and spittle left on the
unto which it must be tied with a point by the ring Into the open and hollow mouth of this instrument which is noted with the letter C. the patient must put his yard into this concavity or hollownesse goeth a stay somewhat deep it is marked with the letter B. and made or placed there both to hold or beare the end of the yard and also by his close joint that it must have unto the vessell to stay the urine from going backe againe when it is once in But the letters A. and D. doe signifie all the instrument that the former part and this the hinder part thereof Now this is the shape thereof The figure of an instrument which you may call A Bason or receptacle for the Urine Those that have their yards cut off close to their bellies are greatly troubled in making of urine so that they are constrained to sit downe like women for their ease I have devised this pipe or conduit having an hole through it as big as ones finger which may be made of wood or rather of latin A. and C. doe shew the bignesse and length of the pipe B. sheweth the brink on the broader end D. sheweth the outside of the brinke This instrument must be applied to the lower part of ospectinis on the upper end it is compassed with a brink for the passage of the urine for thereby it will receive the urine the better and carry it from the patient as he standeth upright The description of a pipe or conduit serving instead of the yard in making of water which therefore wee may call an artificiall Yard CHAP. X. By what meanes the perished function or action of a thumbe or finger may be corrected and amended WHen a synew or tendon is cut cleane asunder the action in that part whereof it was the author is altogether abolished so that the member cannot bend or stretch out it selfe unlesse it bee holpen by art which thing I performed in a certain gentleman belonging to Annas of Montmorency generall of the French Horsemen who in the battle of Dreux received so great a wound with a back-sword upon the outside of the wrest of the right hand that the tendons that did erect or draw up the thumb were cut clean insunder also when the wound was throughly whole and consolidated the thumb was bowed inwards and fell into the palme of the hand so that he could not extend or lift it up unlesse it were by the helpe of the other hand and then it would presently fall downe againe by reason whereof he could hold neither sword speare nor Javeline in his hand so that he was altogether unprofitable for war without which he supposed there was no life Wherefore hee consulted with me about the cutting away of his thumbe which did hinder his griping which I refused to doe and told him that I conceived a meanes how it might bee remedied without cutting away Therefore I caused a case to bee made for it of Latine whereinto I put the thumbe this case was so artificially fastened by two strings that were put into two Rings made in it above the joint of the hand that the thumbe stood upright and straight out by reason whereof he was able afterwards to handle any kinde of weapon The forme of a thumbe or finger-stall of iron or latine to lift up or erect the thumbe or any other finger that cannot be erected of it selfe If that in any man the finewes or tendons which hold the hand upright be cut asunder with a wound so that hee is not able to lift up his hand it may easily bee erected or lifted up with this instrument that followeth being made of an equall streight thin but yet strong plate of latine lined on the inner side with silke or any such like soft thing and so plac't in the wrest of the hand that it may come unto the palme or the first joints of the fingers and it must bee tyed above with convenient stayes and so the discommodity of the depression or hanging of the hand may bee avoyded therefore this instrument may be called the Erector of the hand The Erector of the Hand CHAP. XI Of helping those that are Vari or Valgi that is crooke-legged or crooke-footed inwards or outwards THose are said to bee Varous whose feet or legs are bowed or crooked inwards This default is either from the first conformation in the wombe through the default in the mother who hath her legs in like manner crooked or because that in the time when she is great with child she commonly sits with her legs a crosse or else after the child is born that either because his legs be not well swathed when he is laid into the cradle or else because they bee not well placed in carrying the infant or if he be not wel looked unto by the nurse when he learneth to goe for the bones of infants are very tender and almost as flexible as Waxe But contrariwise those are called valgi whose legs are crooked or bowed out-wards This may come through the default of the first conformation aswell as the other for by both the feet and also the knees may bee made crooked which thing whosoever will amend must restore the bones into their proper and naturall place so that in those that are varous hee must thrust the bones outwards as though hee would make them valgous and in those that are valgous hee must thrust the bones inwards as though hee would make them varous neither is it sufficient to thrust them so but they ought also to be retained there in their places after they are so thrust for otherwise they being not well established would slip back againe They must bee stayed in their places by applying of collers and bolsters on that side whereunto the bones doe leane and incline themselves for the same purpose boots may be made of leather of the thicknesse of a testone having a slit in the former part all along the bone of the leg and also under the sole of the foot that being drawne together on both sides they may be the better fitted and sit the closer to the leg And let this medicine following be applyed all about the leg ℞ thuris mastich aloës boli armeni an ℥ i. aluminis roch resinae pini siccae subtilissimè pulveris an ʒiii farinae volat ℥ iss album ovor q. s make thereof a medicine You may also adde a little turpentine lest it should dry sooner or more vehemently than is necessary But you must beware and take great heed lest that such as were of late varous or valgous should attempt or straine themselves to goe before that their joynts be confirmed for so the bones that were lately set in their places may slip aside againe And moreover untill they are able to goe without danger let them weare high shooes tyed close to their feet that the bones may be stayed the better and
weakeness of this or that entrall being translated from the parent to the childe There are some which suppose this falling of the seed from the whole body not to be understood according to the weight and matter as if it were a certaine portion of all the blood separated from the rest but according to the power and forme that is to say the animall naturall and vitall spirits being the framers of formation and life and also the formative faculty to fall down from all the parts into the seed that is wrought or perfected by the Testicles for proofe and confirmation whereof they alledge that many perfect sound absolute and well proportioned children are borne of lame and decrepit parents CHAP. I. Why the generative parts are endued with great pleasure A Certaine great pleasure accompanieth the function of the parts appointed for generation and before it in living creatures that are of a lusty age when matter aboundeth in those parts there goeth a certaine fervent or furious desire the causes thereof are many of which the chiefest is That the kind may be preserved and kept for ever by the propagation and substitution of other living creatures of the same kinde For brute beasts which want reason and therefore cannot bee solicitous for the preservation of their kinde never come to carnall copulation unlesse they be moved thereunto by a certaine vehement provocation of unbridled lust and as it were by the stimulation of venery But man that is endued with reason being a divine and most noble creature would never yeeld nor make his minde subject to a thing so abject and filthy as is carnall copulation but that the venerous ticklings raised in those parts relaxe the severity of his mind or reason admonish him that the memory of his name ought not to end with his life but to be preserved unto all generations as farre as may be possible by the propagation of his seed or issue Therefore by reason of this profit or commodity nature hath endued the genitall parts with a far more exact or exquisite sense than the other parts by sending the great sinewes unto them and moreover she hath caused them to be bedewed or moistened with a certain whayish humour not much unlike the seed sent from the glandules or kernells called prostatae situated in men at the beginning of the necke of the bladder but in women at the bottome of the wombe this moisture hath a certaine sharpenesse or biting for that kinde of humour of all others can chiefly provoke those parts to their function or office and yeeld them a delectable pleasure while they are in the execution of the same For even so whayish and sharpe humours when they are gathered together under the skinne if they waxe warme tickle with a certaine pleasant itching and by their motion inferre delight but the nature of the genitall parts or members is not stirred up or provoked to the expulsion of the seed with these provocations of the humours abounding either in quantity or quality onely but a certaine great and hot spirit or breath conteined in those parts doth begin to dilate it selfe more and more which causeth a certaine incredible excesse of pleasure or voluptuousnesse â—…erewith the genitalls being replete are spread forth or distended every way unto their full greatnesse Tâ—… yard is given to men whereby they may cast out their seed directly or straightly into the womans wombe and the necke of the wombe to women whereby they may receive that seed so cast forth by the open or wide mouth of the same necke and also that they may cast forth their owne seed sent through the spermaticke vessels unto their testicles these spermaticke vessels that is to say the veine lying above and the artery lying below do make many flexions or windings yet one as many as the other like unto the tendrills of vines diversly platted or foided together and in these folds or bendings the blood and spirit which are carryed unto the testicles are concocted a longer time and so converted into a white seminall substance The lower of these flexions or bowings doe end in the stones or testicles But the testicles for as much as they are loose thin and spongeous or hollow receiving the humour which was begun to be concocted in the forenamed vessels concoct it again themselves but the testicles of men concoct the more perfectly for the procreation of the issue the testicles of women more imperfectly because they are more cold lesse weake and feeble but the seed becommeth white by the contact or touch of the testicles because the substance of them is white The male is such as engendereth in another and the female in her selfe by the spermaticke vessels which are implanted in the inner capacity of the womb But out of all doubt unlesse nature had prepared so many allurements baits and provocations of pleasure there is scarce any man so hot or delighted in venereous acts which considering and marking the place appointed for humane conception the loathsomnesse of the filth which daily falleth downe unto it and wherewithall it is humected and moistened and the vicinity and neerenesse of the great gut under it and of the bladder above it but would shun the embraces of women Nor would any woman desire the company of man which once premeditates or forethinkes with her selfe on the labour that shee shall sustaine in bearing the burthen of her childe nine moneths and of the almost deadly paines that she shall suffer in her delivery Men that use too frequent copulation oftentimes in stead of seed cast forth a crude and bloody humor and sometimes also meere blood it selfe and oft times they can hardly make water but with great pain by reason that the clammy and oily moisture which nature hath placed in the glandules called prostatae to make the passage of the urine slippery to defend it against the sharpenesse of the urine that passeth through it is wasted so that afterward they shal stand in need of the help of a Surgion to cause them to make water with ease without pain by injecting a little oile out of a siringe into the conduit of the yard For generation it is fit the man cast forth his seed into the wombe with a certaine impetuosity his yard being stiffe and distended and the woman to receive the same without delay into her wombe being wide open lest that through delay the seed waxe cold and so become unfruitfull by reason that the spirits are dissipated and consumed The yard is distended or made stiffe when the nervous spongeous and hollow substance thereof is replete and puffed up with a flatulent spirit The womb allures or drawes the masculine seed into it selfe by the mouth thereof and it receives the womans seed by the hornes from the spermatick vessels which come from the womans testicles into the hollownesse or concavity of the womb that so it
opinion of Galen who saith that Scrophulaes are nothing else but indurate scirrhous kernels But the Mesenterium with his glandules being great and many making the Pancreas doth establish strengthen and confirme the divisions of the vessels Also the scirrhus of the proper substance of the wombe is to bee distinguished from the mola for in the bodies of some women that I have opened I have found the wombe annoyed with a scirrhous tumour as big as a mans head in the curing whereof Physicians nothing prevailed because they supposed it to bee a mola contained in the capacity of the wombe and not a scirrhous tumour in the body thereof CHAP. XXXVII Of the cause of barrennesse in men THere are many causes of barrenness in men that is to say the too hot cold dry or moyst distemper of the seed the more liquid and flexible consistence thereof so that it cannot stay in the womb but will presently flow out again for such is the seed of old men and striplings and of such as use the act of generation too often and immoderately for thereby the seed becommeth crude and waterish because that it doth not remaine his due and lawfull time in the testicles wherein it should be perfectly wrought and concocted but is evacuated by wanton copulation Furthermore that the seed may be fertile it must of necessity be copious in quantity but in quality well concocted moderately thicke clammy and puffed up with the abundance of spirits both these conditions are wanting in the seed of them that use copulation too often and moreover because the wives of those men never gather a just quantity of seede laudible both in quality and consistence in their testicles whereby it commeth to passe that they are the lesse provoked or delighted with venereous actions and performe the act with lesse alacrity so that they yeeld themselves lesse prone to conception Therefore let those that would be parents of many children use a mediocrity in the use of venery The woman may perceive that the mans seed hath some distemperature in it if when shee hath received it into her wombe shee feeleth it sharpe hot or cold if the man be more quick or slow in the act Many become barren after they have beene cut for the stone and likewise when they have had a wound behind the eares whereby certaine branches of the jugular veines and arteries have been cut that are there so that after those vessels have been cicatrized there followed an interception of the seminall matter downewards and also of the community which ought of necessity to be betweene the braine and the testicles so that when the conduits or passages are stopped the stones or testicles cannot any more receive neither matter nor lively spirits from the braine in so great quantity as it was wont whereof it must of necessity follow that the seed must bee lesser in quantity and weaker in quality Those that have their testicles cut off or else compressed or contused by violence cannot beget children because that either they want the help that the testicles should minister in the act of generation or else because the passage of the seminall matter is intercepted or stopped with a Callus by reason whereof they cannot yeeld forth seed but a certaine clammy humour conteyned in the glandules called prostatae yet with some feeling of delight Moreover the defects or imperfections of the yard may cause barrennesse as if it be too short on if it bee so unreasonable great that it renteth the privie parts of the woman and so causeth a fluxe of bloud for then it is so painefull to the woman that shee cannot voyde her seed for that cannot bee excluded without pleasure and delight also if the shortnesse of the ligament that is under the yard doth make it to bee crooked and violate the stiffe straightnesse thereof so that it cannot be put directly or straightly in the womans privie parts There bee some that have not the orifice of the conduit of the yard rightly in the end thereof but a little higher so that they cannot ejaculate or cast out their seed directly into the wombe Also the particular palsie of the yard is numbred among the causes of barrennesse and you may prove whether the palsie be in the yard by dipping the genitals in cold water for except they do draw themselves together or shrinke up after it it is a token of the palsie for members that have the palsie by the touching of cold water do not shrinke up but remaine in their accustomed laxity and loosenesse but in this case the genitals are endued with small sense the seed commeth out without pleasure or stiffenesse of the yard the stones in touching are cold and to conclude those that have their bodies daily waxing leane through a consumption or that are vexed with an evill habit or disposition or with the obstruction of some of the entrals are barren and unfertile and likewise those in whom some noble part necessary to life and generation exceedeth the bounds of nature with some great distemperature and lastly those who by any meanes have their genitall parts deformed Here I omit those that are witholden from the act of generation by inchantment magick witching and enchanted knots bands and ligatures for those causes belong not to physick neither may they bee taken away by the remedies of our art The Doctors of the Cannons lawes have made mention of those magick bands which may have power in them in the particular title De frigidis maleficiatis impotentibus incantatis also St. August hath made mention of them Tract 7. in Joan. CHAP. XXXVIII Of the barrennesse or unfruitfulnesse of women A Woman may become barren or unfruitfull through the obstruction of the passage of the seed or through straightnesse or narrownesse of the necke of the wombe comming either through the default of the formative facultie or else afterwards by some mischance as by an abscesse scirrhus warts chaps or by an ulcer which being cicatrized doth make the way more narrow so that the yard cannot have free passage thereinto Moreover the membrane called Hymen when it groweth in the midst or in the bottome of the neck of the wombe hinders the receiving of the mans seede Also if the womb be over slippery or moreloose or slack or over wide it maketh the woman to bee barren so doth the suppression of the menstruall fluxes or the too immoderate flowing of the courses or whites which commeth by the default of the wombe or some entrall or of the whole body which consumeth the menstruall matter and carrieth the seed away with it The cold and moyst distemperature of the wombe extinguishes and suffocates the mans seed and maketh it that it will not stay or cleave unto the wombe and stay till it be conconcted but the more hot and dry doth corrupt for want of nourishment for the seeds that are sowne
litharg auri lb i. terebinth clarae â„¥ ii styracis liquid â„¥ i s8 argenti vivi extincti so much as the present occasion shall require and the sicke shall be able to beare and make up the plaister To one pound of the plaster they doe commonly adde foure ounces of quick-silver yet for the most part they doe encrease the dose as they desire the plaster should be stronger the wormes must be washed with faire water and then with a little wine to cleanse them from their earthie filth of which they are full and so the frogs are to be washt and macerated in wine and so boiled together to the consumption of a third part then the squinanth must bee bruised the feverfew and the staechas cut small and they being added to be boiled to the consumption of one pint and being boiled sufficiently the decoction being cooled shall bee strained and kept and the Letharge is to be infused for twelve houres in the oile of chamomile dill lillies saffron and the axungies above spoken of Then boile them all with a gentle fire by and by taking it from the fire and adde one quart of the decoction above spoken of then set it to the fire againe that the decoction may bee consumed and then by degrees adde to the rest of the decoction the oile of spike shall bee reserved unto the last which may give the plaster a good smell Then are added the juices of walwort and enula which must bee boiled untill they bee wasted away Afterwards it being taken from the fire to the composition is added the frankincense and euphorbium and white wax as much as shall suffice When the whole masse shall coole then at last is mingled the quick-silver extinct turpentine oile of bitter almonds baies spike of line styrax and axungia being continually stirred and it shall bee made up upon a stone into rolls Unlesse the quick-silver be well extinguished it will runne all into one place and unlesse you tarrie untill the composition coole it will vapour away in fume â„ž croci Ê’ii bdellii mastich ammon styrac liquid an â„¥ ss cerae alb lb s8 tereb â„¥ vi medul cruris vaccae adipis anserini an â„¥ i. aesypi vel si desit axung gallin â„¥ ix olei nard quantum satis ad magdaleones formandos expressionis scillae â„¥ i s8 olibani sevi vitul â„¥ i. The oesypus sepum adeps medulla cera are to bee dissolved together when they coole adde the ammoniacum dissolved in the decoction of faenugreeke and chamomile halfe an ounce and so much juice of squils then put to the styrax and turpentine stirring them continually then adde the bdellium olibanum mastich aloes brought into fine powder and when they are perfectly incorporated into a masse let them bee made up with oleum nardinum into rolls rum terebinth lb s8 resin lb i. cer alb â„¥ iv mastich â„¥ i. fol. verben betonic pimpinel an m i. The herbes being greene the tops are to bee cut and bruised in a stone mortar and boiled in red wine to the consumption of one third part To the strained liquor adde waxe cut into small pieces and being dissolved by the fire the liquor being consumed put to the rosine when it shall coole adde the Mastick powdred working it with your hands by which it may bee incorporated with the rest of the things â„ž succi beton plantag apii an lb i. cerae picis resin tereb an lb s8 fiat empl the juices are to bee mingled with the waxe being dissolved and boiling them untill three parts be consumed adde the rosine and pitch which being dissolved and hot must be strained and then adde the Turpentine and make up the plaster rum croci picis com or rather picis navalis because this emplaster is used to discusse and draw forth the matter which causeth the paine of the joints coloph. cerae an â„¥ ii tereb galb ammon thuris myrrhae mastioh an Ê’v ss The cera pix and colophonia are by little and little to bee dissolved to which adde the gummes dissolved according to art and mingled with the terebinth and taking it from the fire adde the thus myrrha and at last the crocus in fine powder and then make it up into rowles with oyle of wormes rum ol com lb ii cerus subtilis lb i. boile them together with a gentle fire stirring them continually untill they come to the body of an emplaster if you would have the plaster whiter take but â„¥ ix of the oile â„ž lytharg triti acet fortis an lb ss ol antiq lb i. fiat emplastrum let the oile bee mingled with the litharge for the space of twelve houres then boile them untill they come to a good consistence putting in the vinegar by little and little but you shall not take it from the fire untill the vinegar be quite wasted away rum ol vet lb iii. axung vet sine sale lb ii lytharg trit lb iii. vitriol â„¥ iv let the oyle bee mingled with the lytharge for the space of twelve houres and boile them to a good consistence then adde to the axungia stirring them continually with a spatter made of the palme tree reed or willow and being sufficiently boiled take it from the fire and adde the vitrioll in fine powder â„ž picis naval aloes an â„¥ iii. lytharg cerae coloph. galban ammoniac an â„¥ ii visci querni â„¥ vi gypsi ust utriusque aristoloch ana â„¥ iv myrrhae thuris an â„¥ vi tereb â„¥ ii pulveris vermium terrestrium gallar utriusq consolid bol arm an â„¥ iv sang humani lb i. fiat emplast If you would have it of a very good consistence you may add of the oile of myrtills or mastich lb ss you shall make it thus Take the skinne of a Ramme cut in pieces and boyle it in an hundred pints of water and vinegar untill it come to a glew or stiffe gelly in which you shall dissolve the visco quer then adde the pitch and waxe broken into small pieces and if you will you may adde the oile with them afterwards the galban and ammoniac dissolved in vinegar being mingled with the terebinth may be added Then adde the litharge gypsum bol aristoloch consolida vermes sang human At last the myrrhe thus colophon and aloe stirring them continually and that they may bee the better mingled worke the plaster with a hot pestell in a mortar rum mucag. sem lini rad alth foenug median corticis ulmi an â„¥ iv olei liliacei cham aneth an â„¥ i ss ammon opopanac sagap ana â„¥ ss croci Ê’ii cerae nov lb ss tereb â„¥ ss fiat empl Fernelius hath â„¥ xx of wax the wax being cut small must be mingled with the oiles and the mucilages stirring them continually with a wooden spatter till the liquor be consumed Then the gummes dissolved and mingled with the terebinthina must be
to speake of them CHAP. XLIII Of Stoves or Hot-houses SToves are either dry or moist Dry by raising a hot and dry aëry exhalation so to imprint their faculties in the body that it thereby waxeth hot and the pores being opened runnes down with sweat There are sundry waies to raise such an exhalation at Paris and wheresoever there are stoves or publicke hot-houses they are raised by a cleere fire put under a vaulted fornace whence it being presently diffused heats the whole roome Yet every one may make himselfe such a stove as he shall judge best and fittest Also you may put red hot cogle stones or bricks into a tubbe having first laid the bottome thereof with brickes or iron plates and so set a seat in the midst thereof wherein the patient sitting well covered with a canopy drawne over him may receive the exhalation arising from the stones that are about him so have the benefit sweating but in this case we must oft looke to and see the patient for it sometimes happens that some neglected by their keepers otherwise employed becomming faint and their sense failing them by the dissipation of their sptrits by the force of the hot exhalation have sunke down with all their bodies upon the stones lying under them and so have beene carried halfe dead and burnt into their beds Some also take the benefit of sweating in a fornace or oven as soone as bread is drawne out thereof But I doe not much approve of this kinde of sweating because the patient cannot as he will much lesse as he pleaseth lye or turne himselfe therein Humid stoves or sudatories are those wherein sweat is caused by a vapour or moist heat this vapour must be raised from a decoction of roots leaves flowers and seeds which are thought fit for this purpose the decoction is to be made in water or wine or both together Therefore let them all be put into a great vessell well luted from the top of whose cover iron or tinne pipes may come into the bathing tub standing neere thereto betweene the two bottomes thereof by meanes whereof the hot vapour may enter thereinto and diffuse it selfe therein Now it is fit the bathing tub should bee furnished with a double bottome the one below and whole the other somewhat higher and perforated with many holes whereupon the patient sitting may receive a sudorificke vapour over all his body now this vapour if at any time it become too hot must bee tempered by opening the hole which must for the same purpose be made in the top of the pipe that so it may be opened and shut at pleasure In the interim the tub shall bee closely covered wherein the patient sits hee putting forth onely his head that so hee may draw in the coole aire In defect of such pipes the herbs shall bee boiled by themselves in a caldron or kettle and this shall bee set thus hot into the bathing tubbe at the patients feet and so by casting into it heated stones a great and sudorificke vapour shall be raised The delineation of a bathing Tubbe having a double bottome with a vessell neare thereto with pipes comming therefrom and entring betweene the two bottomes of the Tubbe CHAP. XLIV Of Fuci that is washes and such things for the smoothing and beautifying of the skinne THis following discourse is not intended for those women which addicted to filthy lust seek to beautifie their faces as baits and allurements to filthy pleasures but it is intended for those onely which the better to restraine the wandring lusts of their husbands may endevour by art to take away those spots and deformities which have happened to fall on their faces either by accident or age The colour that appeares in the face either laudible or illaudible abundantly shewes the temper both of the body as also of those humours that have the chiefe dominion therein for every humour dyes the skinne of the whole body but chiefly of the face with the colour thereof for choler bearing sway in the body the face lookes yellowish phlegme ruling it lookes whitish or pale if melancholy exceed then blackish or swart but if blood have the dominion the colour is fresh and red Yet there are other things happening externally which change the native colour of the face as sun burning cold pleasure sorrow feare watching fasting paine old diseases the corruption of meats and drinks for the flourishing colour of the cheeks is not onely extinguished by the too immoderate use of vinegar but by the drinking of corrupt waters the face becomes swolne and pale On the contrary laudible meats and drinks make the body to bee well coloured and comely for that they yeeld good juice and consequently a good habite Therefore if the spots of the face proceed from the plenitude and ill disposition of humours the body shall bee evacuated by blood-letting if from the infirmity of any principall bowell that must first of all bee strengthened but the care of all these things belongs to the Physitian we here onely seek after particular remedies which may smooth the face and take away the spots and other defects thereof and give it a laudible colour First the face shall be washed with the water of lilly flowers of bean flowers water lillies of distilled milke or else with the water wherein some barly or starch hath bin steeped The dryed face shall be anointed with the ointments presently to be described for such washing cleanseth and prepareth the face to receive the force of the ointments no otherwise than an alumed lye prepares the haires to drinke up and retaine the colour that wee desire Therefore the face being thus cleansed and prepared you may use the following medicines as those that have a faculty to beautifie extend and smooth the skinne as ℞ gum tragacanth conquass ʒ ii distemperentur in vase vitrio cum lb ii aquae communis sic gummi dissolventur inde albescet aqua Or else ℞ lithargyri auri ℥ ii cerus salis com an ℥ ss aceti aquae plantag an ℥ ii caphur ʒ ss macerentur lithargyros cerusa in aceto seor sim per tres aut quatuor hor as sal vero camphora in aqua qua◠instituto tuo aptam delegeris then filter them both severall and mixe them together being so filtred when as you would use them ℞ lactis vaccini lb ii aranciorum limon an nu iv sacchari albissimi alum roch an ℥ i. distillentur omnia simul let the lemmons and oranges bee cut into slices and then be infused in milk adding thereto the sugar and alome then let the mall be distilled together in balneo Mariae the water that comes thereof will make the face smooth and lovely Therefore about bed time it will be good to cover the face with linnen cloaths dipped therein A water also distilled of snailes gathered in a vine-vine-yard juice of lemmons the flowres of white mullaine
is insipide and flegmaticke For Vinegar is made by the corruption of wine and the segregation of the fiery and aiery parts wherefore the wine becomming sowre there remaines nothing almost of the former substance but phlegme wherefore seeing phlegme is chiefly predominant in Vinegar it first rises in distillation Wherefore he that hopes to distill the spirit of Vinegar hee must cast away the phlegmaticke substance that first rises and when by his taste he shall perceive the spirit of the Vinegar he shall keepe the fire there under untill the flowing liquor shall become as thicke as honey then must the fire be taken away otherwise the burning of it will cause a great stinch The vessells fit to distill aqua vitae and Vinegar are diverse as an Alembicke or Retort set in sand or Ashes a Coppar or brasse bottome of a still with a head thereto having a pipe comming forth thereof which runs into a worme or pipe fastned in a barrell or vessell filled with cold water and having the lower end comming forth thereof whose figure wee shall give you when as wee come to speake of the drawing of oyles out of vegetables CHAP. IX Of the manner of rectifying that is how to encrease the strength of waters that have beene once distilled TO rectifie the waters that have beene distilled in Balneo Mariae you must set them in the Sunne in glasses well stopped and halfe filled being set in sand to the third part of their height that the water waxing hot by the heate of the Sun may separate it selfe from the phlegme mixed therewith which will be performed in 12. or 15. dayes There is another better way to doe this which is to distill them againe in Balneo with a gentle fire or if you will put them into a retort furnished with his receiver and set them upon crystall or iron bowles or in an iron mortar directly opposite to the beames of the Sun as you may learne by these ensuing signes A Retort with his receiver standing upon Crystall bowles just opposite to the Sunne beames A. Shewes the Retort B. The receiver C. The Crystall bowles Another Retort with his receiver standing in a Marble or Iron mortar directly opposite to the Sun A. Shewes the Retort B. The Marble or Iron mortar C. The receiver CHAP. X. Of distillation by filtring YOu shall set three basons or vessells of convenient matter in that site and order that each may be higher than other that which stands in the highest place shall conteine the liquor to bee distilled and that which stands lowest shall receive the distilled liquor Out of the first and second vessell shall hang shreds or peeces of cloth or cotton with their broader ends in the liquor or upper vessell and the other sharper ends hanging downe whereby the more subtle and defaecate liquor may fall downe by drops into the vessell that stands under it but the grosser and more feculent part may subside in the first and second vessell You by this meanes may at the same time distill the same liquor divers times if you place many vessells one under another after the forementioned manner and so put shreds into each of them so that the lowest vessell may receivethe purified liquor In stead of this distillation Apothecaries oft times use bagges This manner of distillation was invented to make more cleare and pure waters and all juices and compositions which are of such a liquid consistence You may take an example of this from Lac Virginis or Virgins milke of which this is the description â„ž litharg auri diligenter pulveris â„¥ iij. macerentur in aceti boni â„¥ vj. trium horarum spaâ—â—o seorsim etiam in aqua plantaginis solani rosarum aut communi sal infundatur then distill them both by shreads then mixe the distilled liquors and you shall have that which for the milkie whitenesse is termed Virgins milke being good against the rednesse and pimples in the face as we have noted in our Antidotary The description of vessells to performe the distillation or filtration by shreds A Shewes the vessell B The Clothes or shreds CHAP. XI What and how many wayes they are to make Oyles YOu may by three meanes especially draw or extract the oyles that you desire The first is by expression and so are made the oyles of Olives nuts seeds fruits and the like Vnder this is thought to bee conteined elixation when as the beaten materialls are boyled in water that so the oyle may swimme aloft and by this meanes are made the oyles of the seedes of the berries of Elder and Danewort and of bay-berries Another is by infusion as that which is by infusing the parts of plants and other things in oyles The third is by distillation such is that which is drawne by the heate of the fire whether by ascent or by descent or by concourse The first way is knowne by all now it is thus take almonds in their huskes beate them worke them into a masse then put them into a bagge made of haire or else of strong cloth first steeped in water or in white Wine then put them into presse and so extract their oyle You may doe the same in pine apple kernells Hazell nuts Coco nuts nutmegs peach kernells the seeds of gourds cucumbers pisticke nuts and all such oiely things Oyle of bayes may be made of ripe bay-berries newly gathered let them be beaten in a morter and so boiled in a double vessell and then forthwith put into presse so to extract oyle as you doe from Almonds unlesse you had rather get it by boyling as we have formerly noted Oyle of Egges is made of the yoalkes of Egges boiled very hard when they are so rub them to peeces with your fingers then frie them in a panne over a gentle fire continually stirring them with a spoone untill they become red and the oyle be resolved and flow from them then put them into a haire cloth and so presse forth the oile The oyles prepared by infusion are thus made make choise of good oyle wherein let plants or creatures or the parts of them bee macerated for some convenient time that is untill they may seeme to have transfused their faculties into the oyle then let them be boiled so strained or pressed out But if any aquosity remaine let it be evaporated by boyling Some in compounding of oyles adde gums to them of which though we have formerly spoken in our Antidotary yet have I thought good to give you this one example â„ž flor hyper lb ss immittantur in phialam cum flo cent gum elemi an â„¥ ij olei com lb. ij Let them be exposed all the heate of Summer to the Sunne If any will adde aqua vitae wherein some Benzoin is dissolved he shall have a most excellent oyle in this kind Oyle of Masticke is made Ex olei rosati â„¥ xij mastich â„¥ iij. vini optimi
â„¥ viij Let them all bee boiled together to the consumption of the wine then straine the Oyle and reserve it in a vessell CHAP. XII Of extracting Oiles of vegetables by Distillation ALmost all hearbes that carry their flowres and seeds in an umbell have seeeds of a hot subtle and aiery substanc and consequently oyly Now because the oyly substance that is conteined in simple bodyes is of two kindes therefore the manner also of extracting is twofold For some is grosse earthy viscous and wholy confused and mixt with the bodyes out of which they ought to be drawne as that which wee have sayd is usually extracted by expression this because it most tenaciously adheres to the grosser substance and part of the body therefore it cannot by reason of this naturall grossnesse bee lifted up or ascend Othersome are of a slender and aiery substance which is easily severed from their body wherefore being put to distillation it easily rises such is the oyly substance of aromaticke things as of Iuniper Aniseeds Cloves Nutmegs Cinnamon Pepper Ginger and the like odoriferous and spicy things This is the manner of extracting oyles out of them let your matter be well beaten and infused in water to that proportion that for every pound of the materiall there may bee ten pints of water infuse it in a copper bottome having a head thereto either tinned or silvered over and furnished with a couller filled with cold water Set your vessell upon a furnace having a fire in it or else in sand or ashes When as the water contained in the head shall waxe hot you must draw it forth and put in cold that so the spirits may the better be condensed and may not fly away you shall put a long neckt receiver to the nose of the Alembecke and you shall increase the fire untill the things conteined in the Alembecke boyle There is also another manner of performing this distillation the matter preserved and infused as we have formerly declared shall be put in a brasse or copper bottome covered with his head to which shall be fitted and well luted a worme of Tinne this worme shall runne through a barrell filled with cold water that the liquor which flowes forth with the oyle may be cooled in the passage forth at the lower end of this worme you shall set your receiver The fire gentle at the first shall be encreased by little and little untill the conteined matter as wee formerly sayd do boyle but take heede that you make not too quicke or vehement a fire for so the matter swelling up by boyling may exceede the bounds of the containing vessell and so violently fly over Observing these things you shall presently at the very first see an oiely moisture flowing forth together with the watrish When the oyle hath done owing which you may know by the colour of the distilled liquor as also by the consistence and taste then put out the â—â—re and you may separate the oyle from the water by a little vessell made like a Thimble and tyed to the end of a sticke or which is better with a glasse funnell or instrument made of glasse for the same purpose Here you must also note that there be some oiles that swimme upon the top of the water as oile of aniseedes othersome on the contrary which fall to the bottome as oile of Cinnamon Mace and Cloves Moreover you must note that the watrish moisture or water that is distilled with oile of Aniseede and Cinnamon is whitish and in successe of time will in some small proportion turne into oile Also these waters must bee kept severall for they are farre more excellent than those that are distilled by Balneum Mariae especially those that first come forth together with the oyle Oiles are of the same faculties with the bodies from whence they are extracted but much more effectuall for the force which formerly was diffused in many pounds of this or that medicine is after distillation contracted in a few drams For example the facultie that was dispersed over j. pound of Cloves will be contracted into two ounces of oyle at the most and that which was in a pound of Cinnamon will be drawne into Ê’iss or Ê’ij at the most of oile But to draw the greater quantity with the lesser charge and without feare of breaking the vessells whereto glasses are subject I like that you distill them in copper vessells for you neede not feare that the oyle which is distilled by them will contract an ill quality from the copper for the watrish moisture that flowes forth together therewith will hinder it especially if the copper shall betinned or silvered over I have thought good to describe and set before your eyes the whole manner of this operation A Fornace with set vessells to extract the Chymicall oiles or spirits of Sage Rosemary Time Lavender Aniseeds Fennell seeds Cloves Nutmegs Cinnamon Pepper Ginger and the like as also to distill the spirit of wine of Vinegar and aqua vitae In stead of the barrell and worme you may use a head with a bucket or rowler about it A. Shewes the bottome which ought to be of Copper and tinned on the inside B. The head C. The Barrell filled with cold water to refrigerate and condensate the water and oyle that run through the pipe or worme that is put through it D. Apipe of brasse or lattin or rather a worme of Tinne running through the Barrell E. The Alembecke set in the fornace with the fire under it Now because we have made mention of Cinnamon Pepper and other spices which grew not here with us I have thought good to describe these out of Thevets Cosmography he having seene them growing Pepper growes on shrubs in India these shrubs send forth little branches whereon hang clusters of berries like to Ivy berries or bunches of small blacke grapes or currance The leaves are like those of the Citron tree but sharpish and pricking The Indians gather those berries with great diligence and stow them up in large cellars as soone as they come to perfect maturity Wherefore it oft times happens that there are more than 200. shippes upon the coast of the lesser Iava an Island of that country to carry thence Pepper and other spices Pepper is used in Antidotes against poysons it provokes urine digests attracts resolves and cures the bites of Serpents It is properly applyed and taken inwardly against a cold stomacke in sauces it helpes concotion and procures appetite you must make choyse of such as is blacke heavie and not flaccide The trees which beare white and those that beare blacke pepper are so like each other that the natives themselves know not which is which unlesse when they have their fruite hanging upon them as the like happens upon our Vines which beare white and blacke grapes The tree that yeelds Cinnamon growes in the mountaines of India and hath leaves very like to bay leaves
that the lowermost receives the mouth of the uppermost whence they may bee termed conjoyned Vessells They are used in distilling per descensum Marbes exquisitly smooth for distillations to be made in Cellars Pots to dissolve calcined mâ—…in A CATALOGVE OF THE Chirurgions Instruments mentioned in this whole worke RIngs wherein little Lancets lye hid to open Impostumes Trunkes or hellow Instruments going with springs A vent or cooler for the wombe made like a pessary Hollow tents Sundry Cauteries as flat round sharpe pointed cutting c. Constrictory rings to twitch or binde the Columella Speculum Oris Ocul Ani. Vteri A trunke or pipe with an actuall Cautery in it Crooked Knives A pipe in forme of a quill Divers trusses with one or more boulsters A shoulder-band to bee put about the necke to hold up a trusse A needle to draw through a golden wire c. Pipes with fenestells and needles fit for sutures Cutting mullets Mullets onely to hold and not to cut Mullets to take forth splinters of bones Mullets to draw teeth An incision knife Scrapers to plaine or smooth the bones or else to cut them Cutting or hollow Scrapers A Leaden mallet to drive the scrapers or Chissels into the scull A Gimblet in shape and use resembling that which Coopers use to lift up the sunke staves of their caske withall Levatories of which kind is the three footed one Other Levatories which taken by their handles and their tongues put under the deprest bones lift them up Sawes A desquamatory Trepan Plyers to take forth splinters of bones A Gimblet to perforate the scull A Trepan fit to divide the scull with the screw peirnt or procer brace and cover or cap that keepes it from running in too farre A plate to set one foote of the compasse upon A cutting paire of Compasses both open and shut A fit instrument to depresse the Dura Mater without hurting thereof A syring to make injection withall A paire of Pincers with holes through them to take up the skinne for making a Seton Setons as well dry as moystened with oyntments Crowes Parrots Swans Duckes Beakes and these either straight crooked toothed or smooth Lizards Cranes Catch-bullets and Plyers to draw forth peices of maile and splinters of bones that lye deepe in Hollow and smooth Dilaters diversly made for the different wounds of the parts Probes fit for to put flamulaes into wounds and these either straight or crooked perforated or unperforated Screwed mullets to draw forth barbed heads of Arrowes and the like Lancets to let blood and scarrifie as well straight as crooked A Pyulcâ—s or Matter-drawer Ligatures bands swathes thongs of Leather woollen linnen round slit sowne together againe some are upper binders others under binders Againe these are either expressing or else conteining and that either the applyed medicines or the lips of wounds or members put in a fit posture which therefore they call a sarcoticke Ligature Thred Bottomes or clewes of thred or yarne Pledgets compresses boulsters doubled cloathes Ferulae or Splints Casses Boxes Iunckes Glossocomies Ambi a kinde of Glossocomie A pully with its wheeles and wooden and Iron pinnes whereon the wheeles may runne Ropes aswell to draw and extend as hold up the member c Screw pins A hand-vice Hookes Buttons or stayes to fasten to the skinne to hold together the lippes of the wounds Linte Cushions pillowes linnen cloathes Files Dentiscalpia Dentifricia Dentispicia Catheters guiders of the worke A bathing chaire or seat bathing tubbes halfe tubs caldrons funnells with all other circumstances belonging to a bath Stoves or hot houses to sweate in Cockes to turne and let out water A Gimblet to breake the stone Hookes Hollow probes slit on their upper sides Winged Instruments to draw forth stones An instrument to clense the bladder Spathulues straight and crooked Cupping-glasses Hornes Pipes or catheters to weare Caruncles Artificiall members as eyes of gold enamelled c. An Vrinall or case to save the water in An artificiall yard Crutches Niples or leaden covers for sore breasts Griffins tallents to draw forth a Mola out of the wombe A sucking glasse to draw a breast withall Pessaries both long and ovall Syrings to give glisters as also to make injection into the eares and wombe THE EFFIGIES OF HIPPOCRATES OF COOS THE PRINCE OF PHYSITIONS INVICTVM Hippocrates quòd te potuere superbae Eoi nunquam flectere Regis opes Cecropidae fronti ex auro fulgente coronam Promeriti memores imposuere tuae Gratia sed levis est Actaeis tantus Athenis Nec fuit hinc uni quà m tibi partus honos Nam quòd quae recreent languentia corpora morbo Paeonias fueris promere largus opes Sed tua tam fundit quà m magni machina mundi Gratia insignis tam tua fama volat BON. GRA. PARIS MEDIC SELECT APHORISMES CONCERNING CHIRVRGErie collected out of the Aphorismes of the great Hippocrates Aph. 27. sect 6. VVHosoever being suppurate or hydropicall are burnt or cut therefore if all the matter or water flow forth at once they certainely dye 31. 6. The drinking of wine or a bath fomentation blood-letting or purging helpe the paines of the eyes 38. 6. Such as have hidden or not ulcerated Cancers had better not to cure them For healed they quickely dye not cured they live the longer 55. 6. Gouty paines usually stirre in the Spring and Fall 28. 6. Eunuches are not troubled with the Goute neither doe they become bald 49. 6. Whosoever are troubled with the Goute have ease in forty dayes the inflammation ceasing 66. 5. In great and dangerous wounds if no swelling appeare it is ill 67. 5. Soft tumors are good but crude ones ill 25. 6. For an Erysipelas or inflammation to returne from without inwards it is not good but to come from within outwards is very good 19. 7. An Erysipelas comming upon the baring of a bone is evill 20. 7. Putrefaction or suppuration comming upon an Erisipelas is ill 21. 6. If Varices or Haemorrhoides happen to such as are mad their madnesse ceases 21. 7. A fluxe of blood ensuing upon a great pulsation in Vlcers is ill 26. 2. It is better that a feaver happen upon a convulsion than a convulsion upon a feaver 4. 6. Those Vlcers that have the skinne smooth or shining about them are evill 18. 6. The wound is deadly whereby the bladder braine heart midriffe any of the small Guts stomacke or Liver are hurt 45. 6. Whatsoever Vlcers are of a yeares continuance or more the bone must necessarily scaile and the scarres become hollow 2. 7. The bone being affected if the flesh be livide it is ill 14. 7. Stupidity and lacke of reason upon a blow of the head is evill 24. 7. A Delirium happens if a bone to wit the scull bee cut even to the hollownesse thereof Whilst 〈◊〉 or matter is in generating paines and feavers happen rather than when it is already made 18. 5. Cold things are hurtfull to the bones teeth nerves