Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	work_n	worthy_a	wrought_v	15	3	7.9526	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A60282	Natural philosophy improven by new experiments touching the mercurial weather-glass, the hygroscope, eclipsis, conjunctions of Saturn and Jupiter, by new experiments, touching the pressure of fluids, the diving-bell, and all the curiosities thereof : to which is added some new observations, and experiments, lately made of several kinds : together with a true relation of an evil spirit, which troubled a mans family for many days : lastly, there is a large discourse anent coal, coal-sinks, dipps, risings, and streeks of coal, levels running of mines, gaes, dykes, damps, and wild-fire / by G.S.	Sinclair, George, d. 1696.	1683 (1683)	Wing S3855; ESTC R15622	205,371	320

the_o ground_n where_o they_o be_v find_v both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o use_n they_o serve_v for_o in_o stead_n of_o level_n and_o for_o render_v the_o metal_n wherein_o they_o be_v find_v more_o easy_a to_o work_v in_o make_v they_o yield_v easy_o to_o the_o force_n of_o the_o wedge_n and_o leaver_n other_o metal_n there_o be_v wherein_o few_o of_o these_o cutter_n be_v to_o be_v find_v and_o if_o water_n be_v to_o be_v convey_v through_o they_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o cut_v a_o passage_n through_o they_o for_o that_o effect_n now_o this_o damp_n whereof_o we_o speak_v be_v sound_v most_o frequent_o and_o most_o violent_a in_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o metal_n viz._n in_o these_o which_o be_v full_a of_o cutter_n or_o rift_n which_o give_v some_o ground_n to_o this_o conjecture_n of_o its_o cause_n these_o space_n which_o be_v find_v in_o coal_n or_o other_o metal_n as_o stone_n or_o till_n before_o the_o coal_n begin_v to_o be_v dry_v by_o a_o level_n be_v full_a of_o water_n which_o be_v still_o in_o motion_n as_o be_v all_o subterraneous_a spring_n whereof_o some_o be_v more_o violent_a some_o more_o slow_a conform_v to_o the_o passage_n they_o have_v to_o the_o fountain_n above_o ground_n where_o they_o discharge_v themselves_o now_o for_o dry_v these_o coal_n and_o render_v they_o workable_a there_o be_v a_o necessity_n to_o cut_v a_o passage_n through_o which_o that_o water_n discharge_v itself_o quick_o it_o be_v large_a and_o admit_v a_o great_a quantity_n at_o once_o by_o virtue_n whereof_o a_o great_a field_n be_v drain_v at_o once_o and_o the_o source_n not_o be_v able_a to_o furnish_v so_o much_o water_n as_o the_o conduit_n be_v able_a to_o convey_v these_o space_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v empty_v of_o water_n must_v needs_o be_v fill_v with_o air_n which_o air_n have_v little_a contact_n and_o commerce_n with_o the_o great_a body_n of_o air_n above_o ground_n and_o so_o have_v little_a or_o no_o motion_n corrupt_v in_o these_o place_n and_o thereby_o become_v poisonable_a so_o that_o when_o any_o animal_n be_v necessitat_fw-la to_o draw_v it_o and_o respire_v by_o it_o it_o choke_v they_o on_o a_o sudden_a just_a as_o stand_a water_n which_o be_v without_o motion_n corrupt_v and_o become_v poisonable_a though_o haply_o not_o in_o so_o great_a a_o degree_n as_o the_o air_n the_o air_n be_v a_o body_n much_o fine_a and_o pure_a than_o water_n that_o hold_v good_a in_o it_o corruptio_fw-la optimi_fw-la pessima_fw-la this_o be_v much_o confirm_v by_o what_o be_v before_o assert_v that_o in_o the_o coal_n whence_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v and_o they_o drain_v but_o not_o by_o free-course_n but_o by_o force_n as_o pump_v and_o draw_v by_o bucket_n these_o damp_n be_v seldom_o or_o never_o find_v because_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o water_n be_v force_v it_o do_v not_o so_o sudden_o dry_v the_o metal_n as_o the_o other_o whereby_o there_o be_v always_o leave_v in_o these_o space_n some_o water_n which_o be_v itself_o in_o motion_n keep_v the_o air_n also_o in_o motion_n with_o it_o and_o thereby_o the_o air_n be_v keep_v from_o corruption_n at_o least_o in_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o other_o hence_o we_o find_v that_o in_o these_o kind_n of_o coal_n the_o room_n underground_o be_v always_o wet_a or_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v so_o whereas_o in_o the_o other_o there_o will_v be_v no_o water_n find_v to_o wash_v a_o man_n hand_n and_o sometime_o the_o coal_n through_o want_n of_o water_n become_v so_o dry_a that_o it_o can_v be_v wrought_v in_o great_a piece_n as_o other_o but_o crush_v in_o the_o very_a work_n and_o when_o wrought_v be_v render_v useless_a and_o will_v not_o at_o all_o bourn_n this_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a conception_n of_o a_o worthy_a and_o learned_a person_n doctor_n george_n hepburn_n of_o monk-ridge_n with_o who_o i_o have_v occasion_n one_o day_n to_o discourse_n on_o this_o subject_a he_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o water_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o the_o coal_n whereby_o it_o be_v preserve_v fresh_a and_o incorrupt_v and_o that_o when_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v off_o and_o this_o damp_n follow_v it_o be_v not_o the_o air_n which_o succeed_v in_o place_n of_o the_o water_n and_o be_v corrupt_v for_o want_n of_o motion_n that_o occasion_n it_o but_o as_o we_o see_v when_o the_o corruption_n of_o a_o liquor_n within_o a_o vessel_n when_o the_o mother_n be_v go_v corrupt_v the_o vessel_n itself_o and_o occasion_n a_o ill_a savour_n or_o taste_v in_o the_o vessel_n so_o that_o the_o coal_n be_v corrupt_v by_o the_o want_n of_o its_o mother_n the_o water_n corrupt_v the_o air_n in_o the_o subterraneous_a space_n as_o in_o coal-mine_n sink_n cave_n and_o other_o such_o like_a he_o have_v likewise_o another_o pleasant_a conception_n about_o the_o generation_n of_o coal_n judge_v it_o to_o be_v form_v gradual_o out_o of_o another_o metal_n as_o of_o till_n by_o the_o help_n of_o water_n of_o which_o he_o himself_o may_v perhaps_o give_v a_o account_n and_o though_o i_o be_v not_o of_o his_o opinion_n in_o that_o matter_n yet_o i_o must_v acknowledge_v i_o be_v take_v with_o it_o and_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o see_v a_o more_o full_a account_n of_o it_o from_o he_o than_o he_o have_v access_n to_o do_v in_o the_o short_a conference_n we_o have_v the_o effect_n of_o this_o damp_n be_v first_o it_o hinder_v the_o burn_a of_o all_o combustible_a matter_n as_o candle_n coal_n pitch_n sulphur_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o if_o you_o take_v a_o torch_n light_v and_o let_v it_o down_o to_o a_o sink_v where_o the_o ill_a air_n be_v prevalent_a in_o the_o time_n it_o shall_v straight_o extinguish_v it_o or_o take_v a_o coal_n which_o be_v burn_v and_o let_v it_o down_o it_o shall_v not_o only_o extinguish_v the_o flame_n but_o shall_v make_v the_o coal_n in_o a_o instant_n dead_a and_o as_o cold_a as_o never_o heat_n have_v be_v in_o it_o but_o the_o most_o dangerous_a effect_n be_v its_o kill_v of_o live_a creature_n whereby_o many_o person_n have_v be_v sudden_o kill_v some_o in_o go_v down_o to_o a_o sink_v where_o it_o have_v be_v powerful_a have_v fall_v out_o of_o the_o rope_n and_o perish_v other_o have_v be_v choke_v and_o yet_o have_v get_v out_o by_o the_o help_n of_o other_o in_o a_o sudden_a and_o have_v remain_v a_o considerable_a time_n without_o the_o least_o appearance_n of_o life_n but_o yet_o have_v at_o last_o recover_v yet_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o some_o of_o these_o person_n that_o have_v be_v so_o strike_v with_o the_o damp_n and_o recover_v have_v have_v always_o some_o lightness_n of_o brain_n thereafter_o and_o never_o so_o settle_v as_o former_o this_o i_o know_v to_o have_v happen_v to_o one_o who_o i_o have_v see_v so_o many_o time_n thereafter_o what_o have_v be_v its_o effect_n on_o some_o animal_n whereof_o you_o have_v make_v experiment_n i_o leave_v to_o the_o account_n you_o have_v give_v one_o thing_n i_o shall_v only_o mention_v which_o to_o i_o seem_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o notwithstanding_o these_o damp_n be_v so_o effectual_a and_o cause_v so_o sudden_o the_o death_n of_o animal_n yet_o the_o rat_n which_o be_v in_o some_o of_o these_o place_n where_o the_o damp_n be_v most_o violent_a be_v not_o reach_v by_o they_o for_o sometime_o when_o they_o be_v so_o powerful_a that_o nothing_o that_o life_n can_v enter_v under_o ground_n without_o sudden_a death_n yet_o they_o continue_v there_o and_o be_v not_o find_v to_o diminish_v even_o where_o they_o have_v no_o access_n to_o escape_v by_o come_v above_o ground_n or_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v imagine_v they_o remove_v to_o some_o other_o place_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o damp_n be_v not_o how_o be_v it_o they_o be_v not_o as_o quick_o choke_v with_o it_o as_o dog_n be_v and_o other_o animal_n which_o at_o the_o first_o encounter_n be_v kill_v if_o it_o be_v inquire_v how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o in_o these_o field_n of_o coal_n which_o be_v dry_v full_o as_o be_v say_v and_o to_o which_o these_o damp_n be_v incident_a because_o of_o corrupt_a air_n that_o remain_v within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o coal_n or_o other_o metal_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v i_o say_v that_o they_o be_v but_o sometime_o incident_a and_o be_v not_o always_o find_v for_o clear_v this_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o even_o in_o the_o ground_n where_o these_o damp_n be_v most_o frequent_a for_o the_o reason_n above_o mention_v yet_o they_o be_v only_o powerful_a when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o such_o a_o certain_a point_n as_o some_o chimney_n that_o do_v only_a smoke_n when_o the_o wind_n be_v in_o such_o a_o airth_n this_o be_v

coal_n may_v be_v as_o at_z o_o and_o p._n this_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v the_o most_o certain_a and_o exact_a way_n of_o try_v field_n for_o coal_n or_o any_o other_o metal_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o least_o chargeable_a of_o all_o other_o the_o second_o of_o this_o last_o part_n i_o promise_v to_o speak_v of_o be_v in_o order_n to_o level_n or_o coal-mine_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o conduit_n or_o gutter_n make_v under_o ground_n for_o convey_v of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o coal_n and_o so_o render_v it_o workable_a it_o seem_v that_o a_o very_a little_a time_n before_o this_o that_o way_n of_o mine_a under_o ground_n have_v not_o be_v fall_v upon_o for_o there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v coal_n waste_v in_o their_o crop_n only_o for_o convey_v the_o water_n whereof_o they_o have_v make_v a_o conduit_n or_o level_v which_o have_v be_v open_a to_o the_o surface_n like_o a_o great_a ditch_n some_o whereof_o have_v be_v ten_o or_o twelve_o fathom_n in_o their_o deepness_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o level_n to_o keep_v the_o term_n use_v must_v always_o be_v at_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o field_n where_o the_o coal_n lie_v to_o be_v dry_v some_z whereof_o by_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o streek_a of_o the_o coal_n rise_v that_o way_n as_o we_o show_v before_o give_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o free_a level_n that_o be_v when_o the_o water_n come_v above_o ground_n of_o its_o own_o accord_n without_o be_v force_v by_o draw_v in_o other_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o engine_n to_o draw_v the_o water_n from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o level_n and_o bring_v it_o above_o ground_n which_o engine_n be_v of_o several_a sort_n as_o when_o man_n draw_v with_o ordinary_a bucket_n or_o when_o there_o be_v a_o horse-work_n or_o waterwork_n and_o that_o either_o by_o a_o chain_n with_o plate_n and_o a_o pump_n or_o with_o a_o chain_n and_o bucket_n all_o which_o be_v very_o common_a especial_o those_o we_o have_v in_o scotland_n they_o be_v capable_a to_o draw_v but_o a_o very_a small_a draught_n make_v only_a use_n of_o one_o sink_v for_o that_o effect_n but_o there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n in_o bishopric_n water-work_n by_o which_o water_n be_v draw_v above_o 40_o fathom_n in_o perpendicular_a but_o not_o all_o in_o one_o sink_n the_o manner_n whereof_o be_v thus_o there_o be_v a_o sink_v from_o the_o end_n of_o their_o level_n to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o their_o work_n be_v go_v 40_o fathom_n deep_a which_o must_v dry_v the_o coal-sinks_n at_o 60_o or_o 70_o which_o lie_v above_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n where_o the_o water-work_n be_v situate_v there_o be_v first_o one_o 40_o fathom_n deep_a from_o the_o grass_n another_o in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o that_o of_o 24._o another_o of_o 12_o upon_o all_o which_o there_o be_v water-work_n in_o the_o first_o sink_v the_o water_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o bottom_n 12_o fathom_n and_o thence_o convey_v into_o a_o level_n or_o i_o which_o carry_v it_o away_o to_o the_o second_o sink_v by_o the_o second_o work_n the_o water_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o second_o sink_v 14_o fathom_n from_o the_o bottom_n and_o set_v in_o by_o a_o level_n to_o the_o three_o sink_v which_o be_v only_o 12_o fathom_n deep_a the_o waterwork_n set_v it_o above_o ground_n the_o form_n of_o the_o engine_n be_v after_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o first_o sink_v there_o be_v a_o outter-wheel_n move_v as_o other_o milns_n be_v by_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n upon_o the_o end_n of_o the_o axletree_n of_o which_o wheel_n there_o be_v a_o ragg-wheel_n turn_v vertical_o as_o do_v the_o outer-wheel_n this_o ragg-wheel_n by_o a_o nutt_n or_o trinle_n turn_v another_o which_o move_v horizontal_o the_o axletree_n whereof_o go_v right_o down_o in_o the_o sink_v and_o may_v be_v be_v 8_o or_o 10_o fathom_n at_o the_o end_n whereof_o there_o be_v another_o rag_n which_o by_o a_o nutt_n turn_v another_o wheel_n which_o go_v vertical_o as_o the_o first_o rag_n and_o cause_v another_o wheel_n with_o a_o long_a axletree_n turn_v as_o the_o first_o and_o so_o down_o till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o wheel_n which_o turn_v the_o axletree_n by_o which_o the_o chain_n be_v draw_v the_o second_o sink_v have_v such_o another_o engine_n but_o not_o so_o many_o wheel_n in_o regard_n it_o be_v not_o so_o deep_a the_o three_o have_v only_o one_o single_a wheel_n whereby_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v above_o ground_n the_o most_o curious_a of_o these_o engine_n that_o be_v to_o be_v see_v be_v at_o ravensworth_n near_o to_o newcastle_n which_o belong_v to_o sir_n thomas_n liddel_n a_o most_o ingenious_a gentleman_n who_o for_o procure_v a_o fall_n of_o water_n which_o may_v serve_v the_o wheel_n of_o all_o the_o three_o sink_n have_v erect_v the_o first_o work_n upon_o pillar_n like_o a_o windmill_n pretty_a high_a above_o ground_n from_o which_o the_o water_n fall_v make_v the_o second_o go_v close_o above_o ground_n and_o to_o make_v the_o water_n fall_v to_o the_o three_o the_o whole_a wheel_n be_v make_v go_v within_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o terminat_n at_o a_o river_n under_o the_o work_n which_o mine_n be_v of_o a_o considerable_a length_n where_o water_n can_v be_v have_v to_o make_v such_o work_v go_v they_o use_v horse-work_n but_o not_o with_o so_o good_a success_n be_v more_o chargeable_a and_o not_o have_v so_o much_o force_n and_o power_n as_o the_o water-work_n but_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o wind-work_n may_v serve_v well_o where_o water_n can_v be_v have_v and_o when_o no_o wind_n shall_v happen_v to_o blow_v the_o same_o work_n may_v be_v supply_v by_o horse_n and_o that_o the_o wind_n when_o it_o blow_v but_o ordinary_o have_v as_o much_o force_n as_o so_o much_o water_n which_o be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o turn_v such_o wheel_n be_v to_o i_o unquestionable_a for_o i_o have_v see_v in_o holland_n a_o windmill_n that_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o outter-wheel_n cause_v seven_o pair_n of_o millstone_n to_o go_v at_o once_o beside_o another_o motion_n for_o bring_v the_o victual_n from_o the_o ground_n four_o or_o five_o story_n high_a to_o be_v grund_n and_o several_a saw-mill_n which_o beside_o six_o or_o seven_o great_a saw_n they_o cause_v go_v do_v by_o another_o motion_n bring_v up_o from_o the_o water_n great_a tree_n like_o ship-mast_n to_o be_v sawen_v and_o place_v they_o right_o against_o the_o saw_n all_o which_o can_v not_o be_v but_o of_o great_a weight_n than_o 10_o or_o 12_o fathom_n of_o chain_n with_o bucket_n or_o plate_n for_o draw_v of_o water_n but_o to_o return_v for_o the_o right_n make_v of_o a_o level_n the_o true_a height_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o coal_n lie_v must_v be_v first_o take_v that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v how_o much_o of_o the_o field_n can_v be_v drain_v by_o it_o which_o must_v be_v do_v either_o with_o a_o quadrant_n or_o with_o a_o instrument_n make_v express_v then_o care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o take_v the_o low_a part_n for_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o level_n that_o the_o field_n can_v afford_v and_o from_o that_o it_o must_v be_v carry_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n towards_o that_o part_n of_o the_o field_n where_o the_o coal_n be_v think_v to_o be_v encounter_v by_o the_o mine_n in_o work_v whereof_o two_o thing_n be_v in_o a_o special_a manner_n to_o be_v regard_v first_o that_o the_o level_v be_v wrought_v without_o ascent_n or_o descent_n the_o best_a way_n for_o try_v this_o be_v by_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n pass_v through_o it_o which_o ought_v to_o be_v as_o little_a move_n as_o can_v be_v for_o the_o loss_n of_o one_o foot_n of_o level_n which_o the_o ground_n give_v be_v a_o loss_n of_o a_o considerable_a parcel_n of_o coal_n to_o be_v dig_v especial_o if_o it_o be_v state_n if_o there_o occur_v any_o metal_n which_o be_v impregnable_a in_o the_o course_n of_o the_o level_n so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o follow_v so_o straight_o a_o line_n in_o regard_n the_o mine_n must_v be_v wrought_v over_o the_o top_n of_o that_o stone_n which_o be_v unworkable_a in_o that_o case_n there_o be_v but_o one_o of_o two_o to_o serve_v the_o loss_n of_o level_n either_o the_o coal_n rise_v in_o streek_a towards_o which_o the_o mine_n be_v carry_v and_o if_o that_o be_v then_o after_o that_o stone_n be_v past_a the_o level_n must_v be_v carry_v as_o low_a as_o it_o be_v before_o it_o encounter_v the_o same_o and_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o be_v obstruct_v because_o the_o source_n viz._n the_o coal_n from_o whence_o the_o water_n come_v rise_v high_a than_o the_o stone_n the_o water_n shall_v easy_o pass_v over_o that_o height_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o see_v in_o some_o coal_n that_o have_v be_v wrought_v at_o the_o low_a point_n of_o their_o streek_n by_o a_o drawing-sink_a and_o the_o streek_a rise_v from_o that_o point_n the_o water_n that_o have_v come_v off_o the_o coal_n be_v in_o its_o source_n high_o 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be_v the_o air-hole_n for_o which_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n indispensable_a in_o set_v down_o whereof_o care_n must_v be_v have_v that_o they_o be_v not_o direct_o upon_o the_o mine_n lest_o rubbish_n fall_v through_o from_o above_o ground_n shall_v stop_v and_o obstruct_v the_o same_o and_o so_o obstruct_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v better_a they_o be_v set_v down_o at_o a_o side_n their_o only_a use_n be_v to_o communicate_v fresh_a air_n to_o the_o workman_n which_o if_o it_o can_v be_v otherwise_o supply_v as_o i_o think_v it_o not_o utter_o impossible_a will_v render_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o coal-work_n a_o great_a deal_n more_o easy_a other_o thing_n may_v be_v speak_v to_o of_o level_n as_o that_o some_o run_v with_o the_o course_n of_o metal_n they_o pass_v through_o and_o that_o some_o run_v against_o that_o course_n and_o of_o bring_v level_n from_o the_o dip_v of_o a_o upper-coal_n which_o have_v a_o level_n of_o its_o own_o to_o dry_v a_o coal_n lie_v under_o it_o which_o can_v be_v otherwise_o do_v but_o these_o thing_n be_v common_a and_o obvious_a to_o any_o who_o have_v but_o the_o small_a skill_n and_o experience_n i_o shall_v forbear_v this_o confuse_a account_n your_o importunity_n have_v draw_v from_o i_o for_o which_o if_o your_o book_n suffer_v censure_n which_o i_o grant_v it_o may_v do_v as_o to_o this_o part_n of_o it_o you_o be_v to_o blame_v yourself_o and_o so_o i_o rest_v and_o be_o etc._n etc._n finis_fw-la

natural_a philosophy_n improven_v by_o new_a experiment_n touch_v the_o mercurial_a weatherglass_n the_o hygroscope_n eclipse_n conjunction_n of_o saturn_n and_o jupiter_n by_o new_a experiment_n touch_v the_o pressure_n of_o fluids_n the_o diving-bell_n and_o all_o the_o curiosity_n thereof_o to_o which_o be_v add_v some_o new_a observation_n and_o experiment_n late_o make_v of_o several_a kind_n together_o with_o a_o true_a relation_n of_o a_o evil_a spirit_n which_o trouble_v a_o man_n family_n for_o many_o day_n last_o there_o be_v a_o large_a discourse_n anent_o coal_n ●oal-sinks_a dipp_n rise_n and_o streeks_n of_o coal_n level_n run_v of_o mine_n gall_n dykes_n damp_n and_o wildfire_n by_o g._n s._n ars_fw-la long_fw-mi vita_fw-la brevis_fw-la print_a in_o the_o year_n 1683._o and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o gideon_n schaw_n bookseller_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o bible_n in_o the_o parliament-closs_n in_o edinburgh_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a s_o r._n james_n fleming_n lord_n provost_n of_o edinburgh_n george_n drumond_n david_n lindsey_n james_n nicolson_n and_o george_n sinclar_a bailiff_n archibald_n hamilton_n dean_n of_o gilled_a thomas_n young_a thesaurer_n william_n borthwick_n deacon_n conveener_n and_o remanent_fw-la member_n of_o the_o honourable_a council_n of_o the_o say_v burgh_n in_o all_o humility_n offer_v and_o didicate_v this_o philosophical_a tranasaction_n george_n sinclar_a professor_n of_o philosophy_n and_o mathematics_n may_v it_o please_v your_o lordship_n and_o the_o honourable_a senate_n i_o present_v you_o with_o a_o mean_a oblation_n less_o than_o the_o widow_n mite_n but_o with_o a_o willing_a mind_n it_o be_v all_o i_o can_v afford_v at_o present_a far_o li●abit_n qui_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la thus_o who_o want_v frankincense_n must_v sacrifice_v with_o bear-meal_n i_o have_v sometime_o offer_v more_o to_o other_o who_o be_v not_o so_o deserve_v i_o still_o remember_v how_o kind_o the_o council_n treat_v i_o for_o some_o year_n ago_o when_o i_o teach_v the_o mathematics_n at_o edinburgh_n and_o what_o a_o singular_a obligation_n they_o confer_v upon_o i_o after_o when_o i_o be_v employ_v to_o search_v out_o a_o well_o which_o by_o good_a providence_n i_o light_v upon_o which_o be_v now_o a_o wellspring_n of_o happiness_n to_o the_o good-town_n i_o make_v several_a observation_n with_o a_o most_o accurate_a and_o exact_a level_n but_o especial_o one_o from_o the_o high_a ground_n in_o the_o castle_n in_o the_o evening_n towards_o the_o fountain_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o light_n there_o on_o the_o 29._o of_o may_n 1674._o which_o give_v infallible_a assurance_n to_o the_o magistrate_n that_o the_o source_n be_v 200._o foot_n high_o than_o the_o weigh-house_n and_o great_a encouragement_n to_o the_o council_n to_o begin_v the_o work_n it_o be_v registrate_n in_o scripture_n as_o one_o of_o the_o great_a act_n of_o hezekiah_n that_o he_o make_v a_o cistern_n and_o a_o condu●t_n and_o bring_v water_n into_o the_o city_n of_o jerusalem_n this_o work_n will_v be_v extant_a among_o the_o annal_n and_o chronicle_n of_o the_o city_n of_o thing_n do_v from_o year_n to_o year_n to_o all_o generation_n which_o be_v the_o glory_n also_o of_o the_o succeed_a magistrate_n but_o your_o wisdom_n and_o prudence_n in_o govern_v the_o city_n and_o compose_v all_o difference_n and_o settle_v all_o matter_n every_o day_n so_o happy_o be_v of_o far_o great_a moment_n this_o transaction_n explain_v the_o weatherglass_n and_o hygroscope_n which_o be_v in_o great_a esteem_n even_o among_o king_n and_o prince_n his_o royal_a highness_n put_v no_o small_a value_n upon_o that_o which_o i_o present_v to_o he_o non_fw-la equidem_fw-la tali_fw-la i_o dignor_fw-la honore_fw-la i_o now_o crave_v pardon_n that_o i_o have_v adventure_v to_o prefix_v your_o name_n to_o the_o frontispiece_n of_o this_o mean_a pamphlet_n between_o which_o and_o your_o incomparable_a merit_n there_o be_v no_o proportion_n all_o i_o can_v do_v be_v to_o pray_v that_o your_o lordship_n and_o council_n may_v live_v to_o be_v as_o you_o be_v the_o glory_n and_o credit_n of_o the_o place_n and_o that_o you_o may_v slow_o yet_o sure_o exchange_v at_o last_o this_o mortality_n with_o immortal_a life_n this_o i_o fervent_o wish_v while_o i_o be_o your_o honour_n most_o humble_a and_o much_o oblige_a servant_n george_z sinclar_a leith_n january_n 9_o 1683._o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n i_o have_v set_v down_o the_o theory_n of_o the_o wether_n after_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o first_o and_o upmost_a station_n thirty_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a above_o the_o cistern_n be_v long_o fair_a or_o most_o pleasant_a wether_n as_o the_o poet_n sing_v totus_fw-la &_o ille_fw-la dies_fw-la &_o quin_fw-la ascentur_fw-la ab_fw-la illo_fw-la exactum_fw-la ad_fw-la mensem_fw-la pluvia_fw-la ventisque_fw-la carebunt_fw-la this_o day_n and_o all_o which_o after_o it_o remain_v f●r_v th●●ty_a day●_n sha●l_v want_v both_o wind_n and_o rain_n the_o metal_n be_v at_o this_o height_n which_o i_o rather_o find_v to_o be_v in_o winter_n than_o in_o summer_n the_o heaven_n be_v clear_a yet_o sometime_o cover_v with_o dry_a and_o gray_a cloud_n but_o not_o the_o least_o appearance_n of_o rain_n nothing_o for_o several_a day_n after_o but_o settle_v calm_a wether_n as_o dry_a and_o hard_a frost_n in_o winter_n with_o a_o clear_a sky_n sometime_o the_o air_n most_o pure_a and_o clear_a without_o frost_n here_o it_o be_v upon_o thursday_n october_n 26._o it_o be_v seldom_o so_o high_a because_o we_o in_o this_o country_n have_v not_o often_o a_o most_o pure_a and_o clear_a air_n as_o in_o france_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n if_o the_o metal_n ascend_v to_o this_o station_n it_o be_v a_o evident_a token_n that_o the_o glass_n be_v right_o mount_v and_o adjust_v i_o call_v the_o second_o station_n which_o be_v half_a a_o inch_n low_o fair_a or_o dry_v and_o fair._n ●ace_n serenato_fw-la clar●m_fw-la juhat_fw-la emicat_fw-la axe_n p●●gatusque_fw-la nitet_fw-la di●●ussis_fw-la ●u●ibus_fw-la ●●ther_n behold_v a_o ray_n tha●_n 〈◊〉_d break_v forth_o from_o se●●n●_n hea●en_o and_o purge_v sky_n do_v shine_v all_o cloud_n 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v be_v the_o quicksilver_n be_v at_o this_o station_n the_o wether_n be_v good_a but_o not_o so_o settle_v especial_o in_o the_o winter-season_n i_o have_v oftentimes_o observe_v a_o small_a thin_a shower_n of_o rain_n to_o fall_v for_o some_o hour_n together_o from_o the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n as_o a_o thick_a dew_n or_o mist_n but_o immediate_o after_o the_o day_n become_v clear_a and_o fair_a the_o air_n be_v under_o a_o strong_a disposition_n to_o be_v so_o the_o three_o station_n half_o a_o inch_n low_o be_v changeable_a sometime_o fair_a sometime_o foul_a sometime_o frost_n sometime_o thaw_v sometime_o sleet_n sometime_o snow_n sometime_o wind_n sometime_o calm_a nun●_n pluit_fw-la &_o clarus_fw-la nune_n jupiter_n aethere_fw-la surgit_fw-la sometime_o ●oul_n jove_n do_v wring_v the_o cloud_n for_o rain_n sometime_o fair_a jove_n appear_v in_o heaven_n again_o the_o four_o station_n be_v rain_n or_o rainy_n wether_n not_o that_o it_o rains_n always_o but_o that_o there_o be_v a_o strong_a inclination_n in_o the_o air_n to_o be_v rain_n madidl●_n notus_fw-la evolat_fw-la all●_n terribilem_fw-la pleca_v tectus_fw-la caligine_fw-la vultum_fw-la barba_fw-la gravis_fw-la nimbi●_n can●s_fw-la ●uit_fw-la unda_fw-la capillis_fw-la out_o fly_v the_o south_n with_o drop_v wing●_n who_o shroud_n his_o 〈◊〉_d aspect_n in_o the_o pitchy_a 〈◊〉_d his_o white●_n air_n stream_n his_o bea●●_n b●g_v ●●●oln_a with_o shor●●_n m●●ls_v bi●●_n hi●_n bro●_n rain_v from_o his_o boso●_n pu●●●es_v i_o call_v the_o five_o station_n much_o rain_n or_o very_o foul_a as_o in_o the_o summer_n or_o wintertime_n when_o rain_n be_v accompany_v with_o strong_a s._n w._n and_o w._n wind_n this_o be_v bad_a wether_n indeed_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n et_fw-la den●i_fw-la ●unduntur_fw-la ●●_o aethere_fw-la n●●bl_n ecce_fw-la cadunt_fw-la ●argi_fw-la reselusia_fw-la nubibu●_n imbre●_n inquetreom_o credas_fw-la totum_fw-la descendere_fw-la coeluth_n 〈◊〉_d of_o rain_n be_v pour_v from_o the_o heaven_n waich●●ken_v phenus_fw-la and_o his_o pierce_a beam_n 〈…〉_z great_a 〈◊〉_d do_v fall_v some_o think_v the_o heaven_n to_o sea_n be_v tumble_v all_o to_o this_o station_n do_v the_o mercury_n fall_v down_o on_o monday_n november_n 6._o and_o sunday_n night_n november_n 19_o be_v two_o inch_n low_o than_o october_n 26._o the_o six_o station_n be_v stormy_a the_o worst_a of_o wether_n in_o this_o country_n tum_o mihi_fw-la feculent_a supra_fw-la caput_fw-la astitit_fw-la imber_fw-la n●ctem_fw-la hyememque_fw-la ●erens_fw-la &_o inhorruit_n und●_n tenebris_fw-la a_o purpur●_n shower_n do_v canopy_n my_o head_n dark_a winter_n come_v and_o wave_n grow_v black_a indeed_o i_o have_v subjoin_v in_o the_o last_o place_n tempest_n or_o hirricanos_n which_o do_v not_o fall_v out_o in_o this_o country_n they_o be_v lively_o describe_v by_o the_o

her_o head_n her_o golden_a hair_n be_v turn_v into_o serpent_n by_o minerva_n for_o pollute_v her_o temple_n with_o neptune_n whosoever_o look_v on_o she_o after_o this_o be_v turn_v into_o stone_n perseus_n fall_v into_o trouble_n of_o mind_n for_o kill_v accidental_o his_o grandfather_n acrisius_n be_v take_v up_o into_o heaven_n by_o his_o father_n jupiter_n and_o place_v there_o with_o medusa_n head_n in_o the_o one_o hand_n and_o the_o sword_n in_o the_o other_o wednesday_n february_n 2_o the_o comet_n be_v scarce_o discernible_a yet_o further_o up_o in_o the_o heaven_n and_o more_o towards_o the_o east_n than_o before_o tuesday_n night_n february_n 8._o being_n the_o last_o time_n it_o be_v see_v nothing_o appear_v distinct_o save_o a_o small_a short_a ray._n this_o night_n it_o have_v 20._o degree_n of_o north_n latitude_n from_o the_o ecliptic_a it_o have_v 46._o degree_n of_o longitude_n from_o the_o first_o point_n of_o aries_n it_o be_v distant_a from_o medusa_n head_n 5._o 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thou_o in_o the_o entry_n with_o a_o long_a preface_n but_o give_v a_o short_a account_n of_o what_o be_v needful_a to_o be_v know_v of_o the_o cause_n occasion_n and_o matter_n of_o the_o follow_a treatise_n after_o the_o publication_n of_o my_o last_o piece_n about_o the_o weight_n and_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n i_o find_v it_o needful_a to_o treat_v of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n because_o of_o the_o near_a relation_n between_o the_o two_o the_o operation_n and_o effect_n of_o both_o depend_v almost_o upon_o the_o same_o principle_n and_o cause_n and_o that_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o can_v thorough_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n therefore_o to_o make_v the_o first_o the_o more_o evident_a i_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o second_o the_o effect_n and_o operation_n of_o hydrostatical_a experiment_n be_v more_o conspicuous_a and_o sensible_a than_o the_o effect_n and_o 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thin_a piece_n may_v line_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o ark_n without_o between_z p_o q_n and_o l_o m_o according_a to_o the_o figure_n 25_o or_o may_v be_v put_v to_o or_o take_v away_o at_o pleasure_n the_o bell_n may_v have_v likewise_o in_o stead_n of_o this_o troublesome_a foot-board_n a_o weighty_a ring_n of_o lead_n or_o two_o to_o go_v round_o about_o the_o orifice_n without_o in_o form_n of_o a_o girth_n or_o belt_n which_o may_v slip_v off_o and_o on_o at_o pleasure_n and_o will_v as_o convenient_o sink_v it_o as_o if_o it_o have_v a_o weight_n append_v the_o foot-board_n than_o may_v be_v of_o any_o form_n quantity_n or_o weight_n you_o please_v there_o be_v three_o some_o miscellany_n observation_n the_o design_n of_o which_o be_v only_o philosophical_a some_o of_o they_o be_v experiment_n make_v with_o the_o air-pump_n which_o i_o have_v adventure_v to_o insert_v here_o even_o though_o the_o noble_a mr._n boyl_n have_v give_v a_o account_n of_o many_o but_o because_o the_o engine_n be_v offer_v to_o i_o by_o the_o laird_n of_o salton_n a_o gentleman_n of_o a_o choice_n spirit_n i_o can_v not_o but_o in_o obedience_n to_o his_o command_n make_v use_v of_o it_o and_o show_v he_o the_o product_n there_o be_v also_o two_o or_o three_o observation_n in_o the_o close_a as_o that_o of_o the_o primum_fw-la vivens_fw-la in_o animal_n of_o the_o aliment_n and_o growth_n of_o plant_n and_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o aliment_n in_o tree_n to_o all_o which_o be_v add_v a_o short_a history_n of_o coal_n which_o i_o hope_v will_v be_v acceptable_a to_o some_o this_o so_o needful_a a_o subject_n never_o be_v treat_v of_o before_o by_o any_o in_o it_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o thing_n common_a to_o coal_n in_o general_n as_o dipp_n rise_n and_o streeks_n next_o of_o gaes_n or_o dykes_n which_o prove_v so_o troublesome_a sometime_o to_o the_o work_n of_o coal_n three_o of_o damp_n and_o wildfire_n next_o a_o method_n be_v teach_v for_o try_v of_o ground_n where_o never_o any_o coal_n be_v discover_v before_o and_o last_o the_o manner_n how_o level_n or_o conduit_n underground_o ought_v to_o be_v carry_v on_o for_o drain_n the_o coal_n and_o free_v it_o of_o water_n when_o this_o book_n be_v first_o commit_v to_o the_o press_n i_o send_v a_o intimation_n thereof_o to_o some_o of_o my_o friend_n for_o their_o encouragement_n to_o it_o a_o practice_n now_o common_a and_o commendable_a which_o have_v not_o want_v a_o considerable_a success_n as_o witness_v the_o respect_n of_o many_o worthy_a person_n to_o who_o i_o be_o oblige_v but_o there_o be_v a_o generation_n that_o rather_o than_o they_o will_v encourage_v any_o new_a invention_n set_v themselves_o by_o all_o mean_n to_o detract_v from_o it_o and_o the_o author_n of_o it_o so_o grieve_v be_v they_o that_o aught_o of_o this_o kind_n shall_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o any_o but_o their_o own_o and_o

pillar_n of_o mercury_n each_o one_o of_o they_o 29_o inch_n high_a it_o follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o the_o mercury_n within_o the_o tub_n must_v be_v as_o high_a as_o r._n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n to_o see_v the_o silver_n halt_v at_o r_o provide_v rx_n and_o zs_n be_v two_o bulk_n of_o mercury_n environ_v the_o pipe_n as_o the_o outward_a water_n environ_n the_o wide_a and_o narrow_a pipe_n neither_o aught_o any_o to_o wonder_v when_o the_o silver_n fall_v down_o and_o rest_v at_o r_o nothing_o environ_v the_o pipe_n but_o air_n see_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o 29_o inch_n of_o quicksilver_n this_o experiment_n be_v easy_o make_v take_v therefore_o a_o slender_a glass-pipe_n of_o any_o length_n beyond_o 30_o inch_n open_a at_o both_o end_n but_o the_o low_a end_n q_n must_v be_v draw_v so_o small_a by_o a_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n that_o the_o entry_n may_v be_v no_o wide_o than_o may_v admit_v the_o point_n of_o a_o small_a needle_n or_o the_o hair_n of_o one_o head_n then_o stop_v the_o say_a orifice_n pour_v in_o mercury_n above_o at_o the_o orifice_n n_o till_o the_o pipe_n be_v complete_o full_a next_o close_o the_o say_a orifice_n with_o wet_a paper_n and_o the_o pulp_n of_o your_o finger_n and_o open_v the_o low_a orifice_n you_o shall_v find_v which_o be_v very_o delightful_a to_o behold_v the_o mercury_n spring_v out_o like_v unto_o a_o small_a silver_n thread_n and_o fall_v down_o from_o the_o top_n n_o shall_v rest_v at_o r_o the_o motion_n cease_v at_o the_o narrow_a orifice_n q._n this_o show_v evident_o that_o there_o be_v not_o need_v always_o of_o stagnant_a mercury_n for_o try_v the_o torricellian_a experiment_n but_o only_o when_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n below_o be_v wide_a for_o be_v narrow_a the_o silver_n run_v slow_o out_o and_o consequent_o subside_v slow_o above_o and_o come_v down_o slow_o to_o r_o there_o rest_v but_o when_o the_o mouth_n be_v wide_o below_o the_o silver_n 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the_o application_n of_o the_o finger_n to_o the_o orifice_n e_o be_v only_o the_o accidental_a cause_n of_o this_o sustentation_n we_o see_v three_o that_o according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o natural_a weight_n between_o two_o fluid_n so_o be_v the_o proportion_n of_o altitude_n between_o two_o of_o their_o cylinder_n therefore_o air_n be_v reckon_v 14000_o time_n light_a than_o mercury_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n sustain_v by_o the_o air_n must_v be_v 14000_o time_n low_o and_o short_a than_o the_o cylinder_n of_o air_n that_o sustain_v it_o which_o appear_v from_o this_o experiment_n to_o be_v true_a see_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v about_o 7000_o fathom_n high_a 29_o inch_n of_o mercury_n be_v support_v between_o r_o and_o x._o in_o a_o word_n if_o air_n be_v natural_o 14000_o time_n light_a than_o mercury_n which_o be_v very_o probable_a then_o must_v the_o altitude_n of_o it_o common_o call_v the_o atmosphere_n be_v fourteen_o thousand_o time_n nine_o and_o twenty_o inch_n that_o be_v 406000_o or_o of_o foot_n 33833._o experiment_n iii_o figure_n 6._o while_o the_o outward_a and_o inward_a water_n be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n withdraw_v the_o inward_a air_n eglantine_n by_o suction_n or_o by_o any_o other_o device_n you_o think_v fit_a and_o you_o will_v find_v the_o water_n rise_v as_o high_a as_o e_z which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v 34_o foot_n above_o mgh_n the_o same_o phenomenon_n happen_v in_o take_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o narrow_a pipe_n fk_n the_o reason_n be_v still_o unequal_a pressure_n for_o in_o remove_v the_o air_n that_o be_v within_o the_o pipe_n the_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n m_o and_o the_o part_n h_n remain_v burden_a while_o the_o part_n g_z be_v free_v of_o its_o burden_n therefore_o this_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n be_v liberate_v of_o its_o burden_n that_o come_v down_o through_o the_o pipe_n instant_o rise_v and_o climb_v up_o as_o far_o as_o the_o outward_a air_n rest_v upon_o m_n and_o h_n can_v raise_v it_o which_o be_v to_o e_o 34_o foot_n for_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o surface_v of_o all_o water_n according_a to_o the_o 25_o theorem_fw-la be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n must_v raise_v the_o say_a water_n in_o the_o pipe_n 34_o foot_n you_o do_v not_o wonder_v why_o it_o rise_v from_o i_o to_o g_o as_o in_o the_o first_o experiment_n no_o more_o ought_v you_o to_o wonder_n why_o it_o rise_v from_o g_z to_z e_z see_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n do_v the_o same_o thing_n that_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n mh_o will_v do_v from_o this_o experiment_n we_o see_v first_o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v the_o proper_a cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o water_n up_o through_o pump_n and_o siphons_n or_o any_o other_o instrument_n that_o be_v use_v in_o water-work_n of_o that_o kind_n for_o if_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n mh_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o water_n climb_v up_o from_o g_z to_z e_z the_o same_o must_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o stagnant_a water_n follow_v the_o sucker_n of_o the_o pump_n while_o it_o be_v pull_v up_o and_o the_o same_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o water_n ascend_v the_o leg_n of_o a_o siphon_n and_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o motion_n continue_v after_o suction_n be_v end_v we_o see_v second_o that_o every_o press_v fluid_a have_v a_o sphere_n of_o activity_n to_o which_o it_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o fluid_a that_o be_v press_v this_o be_v evident_a in_o this_o experiment_n because_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n rest_v upon_o mh_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n the_o height_n of_o e_o in_o the_o wide_a pipe_n and_o the_o height_n of_o f_o in_o the_o narrow_a and_o no_o further_o even_o though_o the_o say_v pipe_n be_v far_o long_o and_o this_o altitude_n and_o high_a point_n be_v precise_o 34_o foot_n between_o air_n and_o water_n we_o see_v three_o that_o it_o be_v all_o one_o matter_n whether_o pump_n and_o siphons_n be_v wide_a or_o narrow_a whether_o the_o tub_n of_o the_o baroscope_n be_v wherein_o the_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v of_o a_o large_a diameter_n or_o of_o a_o lesser_a diameter_n this_o be_v also_o evident_a from_o the_o same_o experiment_n see_v there_o be_v no_o more_o difficulty_n in_o cause_v the_o water_n ascend_v the_o wide_a pipe_n than_o in_o cause_v it_o ascend_v the_o narrow_a one_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o press_a fluid_n repect_v not_o the_o press_v fluid_a according_a to_o its_o thickness_n and_o breadth_n but_o only_o according_a to_o its_o altitude_n therefore'it_v as_o easy_a for_o the_o air_n to_o press_v up_o water_n through_o a_o pump_n four_o foot_n in_o diameter_n as_o to_o press_v it_o up_o through_o a_o pump_n but_o one_o foot_n in_o diameter_n experiment_n iv._o figure_n 7._o this_o schematism_n represent_v a_o large_a vessel_n full_a of_o water_n who_o first_o and_o visible_a surface_n be_v dehk_v the_o second_o that_o be_v imaginary_a be_v li_z six_o foot_n below_o it_o the_o three_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n be_v mg_n six_o foot_n low_o the_o four_o be_v nfo_n six_o foot_n yet_o low_o the_o last_o and_o low_a be_v abc_n there_o be_v here_o also_o four_o tub_n or_o rather_o one_o tub_n under_o four_o divers_a position_n with_o both_o end_n open_a after_o this_o tub_n da_fw-la be_v thrust_v below_o the_o water_n till_o it_o ascend_v as_o high_a as_o d_o in_o it_o lift_v it_o up_o between_o your_o finger_n till_o it_o have_v the_o position_n of_o the_o second_o pipe_n of_o and_o then_o you_o shall_v see_v as_o the_o

represent_v a_o deep_a water_n who_o first_o and_o visible_a surface_n be_v fg._n the_o imaginary_a surface_n be_v elc_a 34_o foot_n below_o it_o adb_n be_v a_o siphon_n work_v below_o this_o water_n with_o mercury_n ael_n be_v a_o vessel_n with_o stagnant_a mercury_n among_o which_o the_o orifice_n a_o be_v drown_v the_o other_o orifice_n b_o exist_v among_o the_o water_n dm_o be_v the_o height_n of_o the_o siphon_n above_o the_o line_n of_o level_n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v 58_o inch_n for_o make_v it_o work_v stop_v the_o two_o orifice_n close_o and_o pour_v in_o as_o much_o mercury_n at_o a_o hole_n make_v at_o d_o as_o will_v fill_v both_o the_o leg_n then_o stop_v the_o say_a hole_n open_v the_o two_o orifice_n a_o and_o b_o and_o you_o will_v find_v the_o liquor_n run_v as_o long_o out_o at_o b_o as_o there_o be_v any_o almost_o in_o the_o vessel_n ael_n for_o evince_v this_o which_o be_v the_o only_a difficulty_n consider_v that_o if_o this_o siphon_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o make_v to_o work_v only_o with_o air_n as_o be_v clear_a from_o daily_a experience_n the_o liquor_n will_v run_v out_o constant_o at_o b._n because_o there_o be_v here_o a_o unequal_a pressure_n the_o surface_n of_o air_n nb_n be_v more_o burden_v than_o the_o surface_n elc_n but_o where_o unequal_a pressure_n be_v in_o fluid_n according_a to_o the_o 12_o theorem_n motion_n must_v follow_v i_o prove_v the_o surface_n nb_n to_o be_v more_o burden_v than_o the_o surface_n elc_n because_o the_o water_n bd_o be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n ld_n as_o be_v evident_a to_o the_o eye_n the_o air_n b_o therefore_o sustain_v far_o more_o weight_n than_o the_o air_n el_fw-es mus_fw-la cede_fw-la and_o yield_v next_o there_o be_v here_o a_o pondus_fw-la and_o a_o potentia_fw-la the_o pondus_fw-la be_v the_o water_n ld_n the_o potentia_fw-la by_o which_o it_o be_v counterpoise_v be_v the_o water_n bd_o but_o these_o be_v unequal_a bd_o be_v heavy_a than_o ld_n therefore_o according_a 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end_v but_o if_o the_o leg_n ad_fw-la be_v six_o time_n wide_a than_o bd_o the_o liquor_n will_v not_o run_v out_o at_o b._n i_o shall_v answer_v this_o in_o the_o close_a from_o this_o experiment_n we_o see_v first_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o fluid_a body_n up_o through_o pump_n and_o siphons_n be_v not_o for_o shune_v vacuity_n but_o because_o they_o be_v press_v up_o violent_o we_o see_v next_o that_o when_o the_o pressure_n be_v uniform_a there_o be_v no_o motion_n in_o fluids_n but_o assoon_o as_o one_o part_n be_v more_o press_v than_o another_o motion_n begin_v because_o this_o siphon_n will_v not_o operate_v if_o the_o orifice_n be_v make_v in_o c_o but_o if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v in_o d_o than_o the_o motion_n begin_v because_o there_o be_v here_o a_o unequal_a pressure_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o other_o we_o see_v three_o that_o fluids_n have_v a_o determinate_a sphere_n of_o activity_n to_o which_o they_o be_v able_a to_o press_v and_o no_o further_o because_o this_o 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fluids_n if_o it_o be_v inquire_v whether_o or_o not_o will_v the_o mercury_n run_v out_o at_o b_o upon_o supposition_n the_o shank_n ld_n be_v twice_o as_o wide_o as_o the_o shank_n bd_o i_o answer_v it_o will_v if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o one_o be_v far_o heavy_a than_o the_o other_o namely_o ld_n than_o db._n i_o answer_v weight_n in_o fluids_n be_v not_o count_v according_a to_o thickness_n but_o according_a to_o altitude_n experiment_n xx._n figure_n 27._o this_o last_o be_v for_o demonstrate_v the_o precise_a and_o just_a weight_n of_o any_o pillar_n of_o air_n water_n mercury_n or_o of_o any_o other_o fluid_a body_n if_o some_o of_o their_o dimension_n be_v but_o once_o know_v ab_fw-la then_o be_v a_o square_a pipe_n 12_o foot_n high_a and_o six_o inch_n in_o wideness_n full_a of_o water_n rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o air_n ac_fw-la and_o eglantine_n be_v a_o square_a pipe_n 12_o foot_n high_a and_o 12_o inch_n wide_a full_a of_o water_n rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n 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difficulty_n be_v to_o prove_v the_o connexion_n which_o i_o do_v thus_o from_o the_o seven_o theor._n all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o fluid_a in_o the_o same_o horizontal_n line_n be_v equal_o press_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o part_n a_o and_o the_o part_n c_o be_v in_o the_o same_o horizontal_a surface_n therefore_o the_o part_n a_o and_o the_o part_n c_o be_v equal_o press_v but_o if_o the_o part_n a_o and_o the_o part_n c_o be_v equal_o press_v the_o pillar_n of_o air_n cd_o must_v be_v as_o heavy_a as_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n ab_fw-la i_o say_v second_o that_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n fh_o weigh_v 672_o pound_n i_o prove_v it_o thus_o

to_o their_o thickness_n but_o only_o according_a to_o their_o altitude_n fig._n ●●_o pag._n 1●4_n fig._n 24_o pag._n 152_o fig._n 26._o pag._n 182_o fig._n 27_o pag._n 196_o a_o account_n of_o miscellany_n observation_n late_o make_v by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o forego_n experiment_n observation_n i._n in_o may_n 1669_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o new_a sink_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o tranent_n for_o win_v of_o coal_n but_o while_o the_o coal-hewers_a be_v in_o dig_v down_o and_o have_v come_v the_o deepness_n of_o 13_o or_o 14_o fathom_n they_o be_v stop_v from_o work_v by_o damp_n or_o ill_a air_n that_o flow_v out_o plentiful_o from_o the_o side_n of_o the_o sink_n wherein_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o cutter_n or_o rift_n out_o of_o which_o that_o ill_a air_n come_v to_o try_v the_o nature_n and_o power_n of_o damp_n i_o take_v a_o dog_n and_o fasten_v he_o in_o a_o bucket_n with_o a_o small_a roap_n that_o he_o may_v not_o leap_v over_o and_o when_o he_o have_v 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swell_v which_o ordinary_o befall_v such_o who_o be_v kill_v after_o this_o manner_n after_o this_o we_o send_v down_o in_o the_o bucket_n a_o little_a chicken_n which_o when_o it_o come_v near_o the_o damp_n present_o slap_v with_o the_o wing_n and_o fall_v down_o turn_v over_o and_o over_o for_o a_o pretty_a while_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v take_v with_o a_o vertigo_n or_o giddiness_n but_o by_o draw_v up_o the_o bucket_n in_o haste_n and_o bring_v the_o bird_n to_o the_o fresh_a air_n it_o recover_v in_o the_o evening_n we_o let_v down_o a_o light_a candle_n but_o it_o be_v soon_o extinguish_v when_o it_o come_v near_o mid-sink_a for_o here_o rather_o than_o in_o the_o bottom_n be_v the_o strong_a damp._n last_o we_o let_v down_o by_o a_o chord_n a_o brand-iron_n with_o burn_a coal_n who_o flame_n be_v soon_o put_v out_o and_o after_o a_o little_a while_n we_o perceive_v the_o red_a coal_n to_o be_v extinguish_v by_o degree_n yet_o not_o total_o because_o as_o the_o coal-hewers_a 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damp_n be_v go_v the_o medium_fw-la be_v not_o so_o clear_a in_o temperate_a and_o cold_a weather_n the_o damp_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a from_o this_o sink_v in_o soft_a wind_n or_o in_o northerly_a wind_n or_o when_o it_o blow_v from_o east_n or_o north-east_n the_o damp_n be_v drive_v away_o observation_n ii_o jupiter_n upon_o wednesday_n night_n at_o eleven_o a_o clock_n be_v 24_o of_o november_n 1669_o have_v the_o follow_a position_n with_o the_o star_n of_o gemini_fw-la he_o be_v so_o near_o to_o the_o star_n c_o that_o to_o appearance_n the_o point_n of_o his_o ray_n do_v touch_v it_o this_o star_n by_o look_v upon_o the_o material_a glob_n

palpable_o fill_v with_o this_o vital_a juice_n that_o have_v no_o sufficient_a place_n to_o be_v comprehend_v in_o it_o put_v forth_o new_a growth_n both_o in_o the_o top_n and_o in_o the_o root_n which_o may_v be_v easy_o see_v to_o have_v more_o pitch_n than_o wood_n and_o to_o be_v seal_v on_o the_o extremity_n with_o the_o vestige_n of_o a_o future_a gemm_n that_o by_o the_o former_a they_o may_v the_o more_o free_o receive_v the_o vital_a influence_n from_o within_o and_o by_o the_o latter_a may_v be_v secure_v from_o the_o depredation_n of_o the_o external_a air._n to_o prove_v the_o motion_n ad_fw-la extra_fw-la or_o to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o branch_n take_v the_o branch_n of_o any_o ordinary_a tree_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o man_n wrist_n make_v it_o bare_a near_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n of_o all_o bark_n and_o subjacent_a tunicle_n for_o every_o tree_n according_a to_o its_o kind_n have_v more_o or_o few_o skin_n which_o serve_v for_o vein_n within_o 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convince_v any_o curious_a beholder_n yet_o the_o knot_n or_o callus_fw-la that_o be_v make_v upon_o graft_a tree_n will_v better_o inform_v the_o ignorant_a for_o this_o knot_n be_v always_o upon_o the_o shoulder_n or_o root_n of_o the_o graff_n and_o never_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stock_n do_v evince_n clear_o that_o it_o be_v make_v by_o restagnation_n of_o the_o descend_v and_o not_o of_o the_o ascend_a juice_n otherwise_o why_o do_v it_o not_o swell_v the_o top_n of_o the_o stock_n as_o well_o as_o the_o root_n of_o the_o graff_n or_o why_o do_v it_o not_o extuberat_a in_o any_o other_o place_n of_o the_o graff_n these_o be_v accidental_a varices_fw-la which_o can_v hardly_o be_v shun_v in_o imping_n see_v the_o top_n of_o the_o stock_n except_o when_o it_o be_v very_o young_a and_o succulent_a do_v not_o receive_v so_o kind_o as_o it_o ought_v the_o retrograd_v sap_n although_o all_o that_o be_v send_v out_o to_o the_o graff_n must_v ascend_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o stock_n hence_o many_o time_n a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o stock_n be_v mortify_v because_o although_o abundance_n of_o aliment_n ascend_v to_o the_o head_n or_o top_n thereof_o yet_o no_o more_o of_o it_o go_v to_o the_o branch_n but_o what_o be_v bestow_v upon_o the_o graff_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o rest_n be_v exhale_v by_o the_o air_n especial_o in_o big_a stock_n and_o consequent_o the_o place_n defraud_v of_o its_o nourishment_n no_o other_o way_n than_o when_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o vital_a sap_n fail_v either_o in_o the_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n a_o total_a decay_n or_o particular_a mortification_n of_o some_o part_n necessary_o follow_v as_o in_o the_o stem_n of_o annual_a plant_n and_o mortify_v top_n of_o the_o ectrapelous_a branch_n that_o i_o may_v so_o call_v they_o of_o willow_n plumb_n etc._n etc._n we_o may_v observe_v every_o autumn_n observation_n xxiv_o sir_n i_o be_v not_o a_o little_a surprise_v at_o the_o receipt_n of_o you_o when_o i_o have_v consider_v your_o desire_n in_o it_o be_v press_v with_o two_o difficulty_n which_o seem_v equal_o hard_a to_o evite_v the_o one_o to_o give_v you_o my_o judgement_n in_o a_o matter_n wherein_o i_o have_v be_v so_o little_a conversant_a myself_o and_o have_v have_v the_o step_n of_o no_o other_o to_o follow_v never_o one_o have_v hitherto_o touch_v that_o subject_n in_o write_v i_o mean_v of_o coal_n and_o other_o mineral_n of_o that_o nature_n their_o course_n and_o other_o thing_n relate_v thereunto_o the_o observation_n whereof_o i_o grant_v want_v not_o its_o own_o pleasure_n and_o usefulness_n the_o other_o to_o refuse_v the_o desire_n of_o a_o friend_n when_o importune_v to_o who_o i_o owe_v myself_o by_o many_o obligation_n this_o last_o have_v prevail_v have_v determine_v i_o to_o assay_v the_o overcome_a of_o the_o first_o and_o though_o i_o be_o confident_a what_o account_n i_o can_v give_v you_o shall_v give_v but_o very_o little_a satisfaction_n yet_o i_o adventure_v to_o offer_v it_o such_o as_o it_o be_v very_o free_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n wherein_o you_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v that_o i_o will_v meddle_v with_o some_o question_n thereanent_fw-la which_o may_v be_v more_o curious_a and_o pleasant_a then_o profitable_a or_o satisfy_v such_o as_o if_o coal_n and_o freestone_n which_o keep_v one_o course_n and_o have_v the_o same_o accidental_a quality_n have_v be_v create_v in_o the_o beginning_n in_o their_o perfection_n as_o we_o now_o find_v they_o and_o since_o that_o time_n only_o preserve_v as_o they_o be_v create_v for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n to_o who_o all_o sublunary_a thing_n be_v make_v subservient_fw-fr or_o if_o they_o have_v be_v but_o produce_v gradual_o as_o they_o speak_v of_o gold_n and_o other_o mineral_n by_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o if_o their_o production_n be_v of_o that_o nature_n out_o of_o what_o matter_n they_o be_v form_v these_o thing_n be_v above_o my_o reach_n i_o shall_v leave_v their_o inquiry_n to_o those_o that_o be_v know_v in_o the_o secret_n of_o nature_n and_o shall_v therefore_o give_v you_o a_o narration_n of_o what_o either_o i_o have_v observe_v of_o these_o thing_n which_o occur_v in_o the_o win_v of_o coal_n in_o my_o own_o experience_n or_o by_o converse_v with_o other_o of_o more_o experience_n than_o myself_o in_o do_v whereof_o i_o shall_v follow_v this_o method_n first_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o these_o thing_n that_o be_v common_a to_o all_o coal_n wherein_o they_o all_o agree_v and_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v essential_a to_o all_o and_o of_o there_o difference_n which_o be_v but_o accidental_a and_o gradual_a sometime_o and_o yet_o be_v abundant_o conspicuous_a and_o cause_v different_a effect_n in_o the_o work_n as_o their_o dipp_n and_o rise_v and_o streek_a for_o so_o be_v they_o term_v second_o of_o some_o thing_n which_o be_v but_o accidental_a to_o coal_n and_o yet_o so_o ordinary_a that_o scarce_o any_o be_v find_v without_o they_o in_o lesser_a or_o great_a degree_n such_o be_v gae_n and_o dykes_n that_o alter_v the_o natural_a course_n of_o the_o metal_n very_o incident_a to_o every_o coal_n though_o in_o some_o less_o frequent_a conform_v to_o the_o nature_n and_o kind_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o coal_n be_v three_o i_o shall_v speak_v something_o of_o damp_n and_o of_o their_o different_a cause_n and_o effect_n of_o wildfire_n and_o other_o such_o like_a thing_n which_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o work_n of_o coal_n and_o last_o of_o the_o best_a way_n for_o try_v ground_n to_o find_v coal_n where_o never_o any_o have_v be_v hitherto_o discover_v of_o carry_v on_o of_o level_n for_o drain_n the_o water_n of_o coal_n and_o make_v it_o workable_a it_o be_v to_o be_v

there_o be_v no_o certain_a and_o constant_a proportion_n keep_v whatever_o sometime_o may_v happen_v for_o i_o have_v observe_v some_o coal_n upon_o ground_n of_o a_o considerable_a ascent_n and_o their_o dipp_n run_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o other_o have_v have_v a_o quite_o contrary_a course_n to_o that_o and_o have_v decline_v or_o dip_v with_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o ground_n above_o but_o in_o the_o streek_a whereof_o i_o shall_v speak_v a_o little_a hereafter_o there_o be_v more_o proportion_n ordinary_o to_o be_v remark_v there_o remain_v only_o one_o question_n about_o the_o dipp_n and_o rise_n of_o coal_n which_o i_o shall_v a_o little_a consider_v have_v encounter_v different_a judgement_n anent_o it_o in_o converse_v with_o person_n who_o have_v experience_n in_o coal_n viz._n whether_o coal_n and_o other_o metal_n after_o they_o have_v decline_v such_o a_o length_n from_o their_o cropp_n suppose_v from_o west_n to_o east_n take_v another_o course_n and_o rise_v to_o the_o same_o point_n to_o which_o former_o they_o dip_v figure_n 7._o as_o if_o the_o coal_n dip_v from_o a_o which_o be_v the_o cropp_n to_o b_o which_o shall_v be_v the_o centre_n of_o that_o body_n and_o after_o that_o rise_n to_o c_o or_o if_o it_o shall_v continue_v its_o declination_n through_o b_o to_z d_o which_o be_v antipode_n to_o we_o i_o shall_v not_o offer_v to_o determine_v in_o a_o matter_n wherein_o there_o can_v be_v so_o little_a certainty_n attain_v but_o shall_v give_v my_o opinion_n which_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o experience_n i_o have_v have_v and_o observation_n i_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v on_o that_o head_n and_o first_o i_o find_v in_o all_o these_o coal_n wherein_o no_o contrary_a cropp_n or_o rising_n can_v be_v visible_a there_o be_v invincible_a obstruction_n as_o either_o they_o have_v be_v near_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v dip_v that_o way_n and_o so_o if_o they_o take_v any_o contrary_a course_n the_o crop_v behove_v to_o be_v in_o the_o deep_n and_o so_o no_o access_n to_o trace_v they_o or_o next_o they_o have_v dip_v towards_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o mountain_n and_o so_o the_o ground_n above_o rise_v the_o same_o way_n which_o they_o decline_v their_o course_n can_v not_o be_v pursue_v till_o a_o contrary_a rise_n shall_v be_v discern_v or_o three_o they_o have_v encounter_v some_o gay_a or_o dyke_n which_o have_v cut_v they_o off_o before_o they_o come_v to_o their_o full_a dipp_n and_o thus_o their_o course_n be_v obstruct_v now_o those_o that_o have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o no_o other_o coal_n but_o such_o i_o think_v it_o not_o strange_a if_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o persuade_v they_o of_o those_o thing_n they_o have_v not_o see_v but_o beside_o all_o those_o kind_n i_o have_v see_v other_o who_o contrary_a rise_n and_o dip_v have_v either_o be_v visible_a to_o the_o eye_n or_o demonstrable_a by_o reason_n for_o example_n i_o have_v enter_v under_o ground_n as_o it_o be_v at_o the_o point_n c_o at_o the_o very_a grass-cropp_n and_o have_v go_v follow_v the_o dipp_n of_o that_o coal_n to_o the_o point_n b_o at_o which_o the_o course_n have_v alter_v and_o carry_v i_o out_o at_o the_o grass_n at_o a_o which_o be_v two_o contrary_a point_n of_o the_o compass_n and_o that_o alteration_n of_o course_n be_v not_o occasion_v by_o any_o gay_a or_o trouble_v which_o sometime_o have_v that_o effect_n the_o ground_n be_v very_o clean_o and_o good_a metal_n keep_v their_o course_n most_o regular_o there_o be_v other_o instance_n for_o confirm_v my_o experience_n in_o field_n which_o be_v so_o large_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o work_v the_o coal_n so_o far_o to_o the_o dipp_n it_o fall_v deep_a and_o so_o want_v level_n for_o convey_v water_n from_o it_o or_o want_v air_n for_o follow_v it_o to_o such_o a_o deepness_n as_o to_o overtake_v its_o centre_n where_o it_o take_v a_o contrary_a course_n and_o yet_o the_o contrary_a cropp_n have_v be_v wrought_v in_o several_a place_n which_o be_v evident_a to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n with_o the_o other_o both_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o coal_n itself_o by_o the_o metal_n lie_v above_o it_o and_o the_o coal_n below_o it_o all_o which_o keep_v the_o same_o course_n except_o when_o they_o encounter_v trouble_n which_o be_v incident_a to_o some_o parcel_n of_o ground_n more_o than_o to_o other_o the_o great_a field_n i_o know_v wherein_o this_o be_v conspicuous_a be_v in_o mid-lothian_a where_o be_v to_o be_v find_v the_o crop_n of_o a_o coal_n of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n which_o be_v term_v their_o great-seam_n or_o main-coal_n and_o the_o other_o coal_n lie_v below_o it_o which_o may_v be_v trace_v in_o the_o order_n follow_v at_o prestongrange_n these_o coal_n be_v find_v dip_v to_o the_o n_o w_o and_o rise_v to_o the_o se_n which_o have_v be_v wrought_v up_o to_o wallifoo●d_v from_o that_o along_o by_o the_o foot_n of_o fauside_n hill_n the_o dipp_n lie_v in_o the_o land_n of_o inneresk_n which_o march_v therewith_o on_o the_o north._n from_o thence_o it_o run_v through_o the_o ground_n of_o carberry_n every_o one_o of_o these_o ground_n from_o prestongrange_n give_v level_n to_o another_o from_o thence_o through_o a_o part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o smeaton_n and_o next_o through_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n belong_v to_o the_o family_n of_o buccleugh_n call_v condon_n and_o through_o west-house_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o lothian_n and_o at_o cockpen_n and_o stobhill_n from_o thence_o run_v through_o to_o carington-mill_n all_o which_o be_v a_o course_n which_o in_o streek_n lie_v near_o to_o sweet_z and_o nw_n and_o will_v be_v in_o length_n about_o eight_o mile_n from_o thence_o the_o course_n of_o the_o coal_n turn_v and_o be_v find_v in_o the_o barony_n of_o carington_n white-hill_n ramsay_n gilmerton_n and_o from_o thence_o take_v its_o dipp_n quite_o contrary_a to_o what_o it_o have_v before_o the_o other_o dip_v n_o and_o nw_n or_o ne_fw-fr according_a to_o the_o turn_n of_o the_o streek_a it_o dipp_v there_o s_o se_n etc._n etc._n and_o from_o gilmerton_n it_o be_v find_v at_o burntstone_n a_o piece_n of_o ground_n belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o lauderdale_n and_o from_o thence_o at_o the_o magdalen_n pan_n where_o the_o turn_n of_o the_o crop_n be_v within_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o see_v till_o it_o be_v find_v at_o prestongrange_n where_o we_o begin_v to_o remark_n its_o course_n the_o parcel_n of_o ground_n under_o which_o this_o great_a body_n of_o coal_n lie_v be_v of_o a_o considerable_a extent_n it_o be_v eight_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o five_o or_o six_o in_o breadth_n in_o regard_n whereof_o many_o other_o coal_n be_v find_v lie_v above_o the_o great_a coal_n the_o crop_n whereof_o do_v not_o come_v near_o the_o cropp_n of_o it_o by_o a_o considerable_a distance_n though_o this_o instance_n alone_o may_v sufficient_o convince_v yet_o i_o shall_v not_o be_v unwilling_a to_o give_v another_o the_o parcel_n of_o ground_n in_o which_o this_o coal_n be_v find_v be_v not_o of_o so_o great_a a_o extent_n as_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o its_o course_n may_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o trace_v for_o the_o great_a part_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o winton_n and_o lie_v within_o the_o lordship_n of_o tranent_n who_o contrary_a crop_n be_v most_o conspicuous_a this_o great_a coal_n which_o be_v 10_o or_o 12_o foot_n thick_a beginning_n at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o toun_n of_o tranent_n where_o it_o have_v be_v wrought_v runs_z sweet_z towards_o the_o march_n of_o the_o land_n of_o elphingston_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n register_n and_o continue_v in_o that_o same_o course_n till_o it_o come_v near_o to_o the_o house_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n dip_v to_o the_o se._n and_o near_o the_o house_n the_o cropp_n be_v turn_v downward_o towards_o the_o march_n between_o elphingston_n and_o ormiston_n where_o the_o dipp_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o former_a and_o from_o elphingston-mains_a it_o take_v its_o course_n almost_o round_o through_o the_o land_n of_o panston_n and_o return_n to_o the_o toun_n of_o tranent_n where_o it_o begin_v which_o body_n of_o coal_n will_v be_v in_o length_n two_o mile_n and_o in_o some_o place_n as_o much_o in_o breadth_n now_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o any_o person_n if_o there_o be_v not_o more_o reason_n to_o persuade_v that_o this_o shall_v be_v the_o natural_a course_n of_o these_o mineral_n where_o such_o pregnable_a instance_n to_o evince_v it_o be_v find_v then_o to_o conclude_v the_o contrary_a from_o these_o coal_n the_o course_n whereof_o can_v be_v follow_v because_o of_o the_o invincible_a impediment_n i_o mention_v before_o however_o i_o leave_v every_o one_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o