where_o four_o mill_n go_v with_o the_o water_n that_o come_v from_o under_o ground_n out_o of_o the_o coal_n which_o kind_n of_o level_n be_v only_o find_v where_o the_o coal_n lie_v in_o a_o field_n which_o have_v a_o considerable_a rise_n or_o ascent_n above_o ground_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o other_o two_o way_n speak_v of_o for_o dry_v the_o coal_n when_o the_o field_n in_o which_o it_o lie_v be_v a_o plain_n further_o of_o these_o coal_n which_o be_v dry_v by_o the_o free-level_n for_o so_o they_o term_v the_o level_n that_o run_v unforced_a there_o be_v some_o to_o which_o this_o kind_n of_o damp_n be_v more_o incident_a than_o to_o other_o the_o cause_n of_o which_o difference_n be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o solidity_n and_o clossness_n of_o the_o metal_n whether_o of_o coal_n or_o stone_n wherein_o some_o exceed_v another_o there_o be_v some_o that_o be_v full_a of_o rift_n or_o empty_a space_n i_o mean_v empty_a of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n where_o they_o be_v which_o will_v sometime_o serve_v to_o convey_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o place_n of_o a_o aquaduct_a or_o level_a which_o space_n be_v term_v by_o the_o vulgar_a cutter_n which_o sometimes_o prove_v very_o profitable_a in_o the_o ground_n where_o they_o be_v find_v both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o use_n they_o serve_v for_o in_o stead_n of_o level_n and_o for_o render_v the_o metal_n wherein_o they_o be_v find_v more_o easy_a to_o work_v in_o make_v they_o yield_v easy_o to_o the_o force_n of_o the_o wedge_n and_o leaver_n other_o metal_n there_o be_v wherein_o few_o of_o these_o cutter_n be_v to_o be_v find_v and_o if_o water_n be_v to_o be_v convey_v through_o they_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o cut_v a_o passage_n through_o they_o for_o that_o effect_n now_o this_o damp_n whereof_o we_o speak_v be_v find_v most_o frequent_o and_o most_o violent_a in_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o metal_n viz._n in_o these_o which_o be_v full_a of_o cutter_n or_o rift_n which_o give_v some_o ground_n to_o this_o conjecture_n of_o its_o cause_n these_o space_n which_o be_v find_v in_o coal_n or_o other_o metal_n as_o stone_n or_o till_n before_o the_o coal_n begin_v to_o be_v dry_v by_o a_o level_n be_v full_a of_o water_n which_o be_v still_o in_o motion_n as_o be_v all_o subterraneous_a spring_n whereof_o some_o be_v more_o violent_a some_o more_o slow_a conform_v to_o the_o passage_n they_o have_v to_o the_o fountain_n above_o ground_n where_o they_o discharge_v themselves_o now_o for_o dry_v these_o coal_n and_o render_v they_o workable_a there_o be_v a_o necessity_n to_o cut_v a_o passage_n through_o which_o that_o water_n discharge_v itself_o quick_o it_o be_v large_a and_o admit_v a_o great_a quantity_n at_o once_o by_o virtue_n whereof_o a_o great_a field_n be_v drain_v at_o once_o and_o the_o source_n not_o be_v able_a to_o furnish_v so_o much_o water_n as_o the_o conduit_n be_v able_a to_o convey_v these_o 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not_o at_o all_o bourn_n this_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a conception_n of_o a_o worthy_a and_o learned_a person_n doctor_n george_n hepburn_n of_o monk-ridge_n with_o who_o i_o have_v occasion_n one_o day_n to_o discourse_n on_o this_o subject_a he_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o water_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o the_o coal_n whereby_o it_o be_v preserve_v fresh_a and_o incorrupt_v and_o that_o when_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v off_o and_o this_o damp_n follow_v it_o be_v not_o the_o air_n which_o succeed_v in_o place_n of_o the_o water_n and_o be_v corrupt_v for_o want_n of_o motion_n that_o occasion_n it_o but_o as_o we_o see_v when_o the_o corruption_n of_o a_o liquor_n within_o a_o vessel_n when_o the_o mother_n be_v go_v corrupt_v the_o vessel_n itself_o and_o occasion_n a_o ill_a savour_n or_o taste_v in_o the_o vessel_n so_o that_o the_o coal_n be_v corrupt_v by_o the_o want_n of_o its_o mother_n the_o water_n corrupt_v the_o air_n in_o the_o 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straightway_o extinguish_v it_o or_o take_v a_o coal_n which_o be_v burn_v and_o let_v it_o down_o it_o shall_v not_o only_o extinguish_v the_o flame_n but_o shall_v make_v the_o coal_n in_o a_o instant_n dead_a and_o as_o cold_a as_o never_o heat_n have_v be_v in_o it_o but_o the_o most_o dangerous_a effect_n be_v its_o kill_v of_o live_a creature_n whereby_o many_o person_n have_v be_v sudden_o kill_v some_o in_o go_v down_o to_o a_o sink_v where_o it_o have_v be_v powerful_a have_v fall_v out_o of_o the_o rope_n and_o perish_v other_o have_v be_v choke_v and_o yet_o have_v get_v out_o by_o the_o help_n of_o other_o in_o a_o sudden_a and_o have_v remain_v a_o considerable_a time_n without_o the_o least_o appearance_n of_o life_n but_o yet_o have_v at_o last_o recover_v yet_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o some_o of_o these_o person_n that_o have_v be_v so_o strike_v with_o the_o damp_n and_o recover_v have_v have_v always_o some_o lightness_n of_o brain_n thereafter_o and_o never_o so_o settle_v as_o former_o this_o i_o know_v to_o have_v happen_v to_o one_o who_o i_o have_v see_v so_o many_o time_n thereafter_o what_o have_v be_v its_o effect_n on_o some_o animal_n whereof_o you_o have_v make_v experiment_n i_o leave_v to_o the_o account_n you_o have_v give_v one_o thing_n i_o shall_v only_o mention_v which_o to_o i_o seem_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o notwithstanding_o these_o damp_n be_v so_o effectual_a and_o cause_v so_o sudden_o the_o death_n of_o animal_n yet_o the_o rat_n which_o be_v in_o some_o of_o these_o place_n where_o the_o damp_n be_v most_o violent_a be_v not_o reach_v by_o they_o for_o sometime_o when_o they_o be_v so_o powerful_a that_o nothing_o that_o life_n can_v enter_v under_o ground_n
so_o tractable_a and_o likewise_o hinder_v the_o ark_n from_o go_v so_o near_o to_o the_o ground_n as_o be_v desirable_a and_o in_o some_o measure_n stop_v the_o sight_n which_o trouble_n be_v i_o suppose_v incident_a to_o the_o bell_n also_o it_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o far_o less_o weight_n and_o quantity_n and_o the_o overplus_n be_v make_v square_a and_o thin_a piece_n may_v line_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o ark_n without_o between_z p_o q_n and_o l_o m_o according_a to_o the_o figure_n 25_o or_o may_v be_v put_v to_o or_o take_v away_o at_o pleasure_n the_o bell_n may_v have_v likewise_o in_o stead_n of_o this_o troublesome_a foot-board_n a_o weighty_a ring_n of_o lead_n or_o two_o to_o go_v round_o about_o the_o orifice_n without_o in_o form_n of_o a_o girth_n or_o belt_n which_o may_v slip_v off_o and_o on_o at_o pleasure_n and_o will_v as_o convenient_o sink_v it_o as_o if_o it_o have_v a_o weight_n append_v the_o foot-board_n than_o may_v be_v of_o any_o form_n quantity_n or_o weight_n you_o please_v there_o be_v three_o some_o miscellany_n observation_n the_o design_n of_o which_o be_v only_o philosophical_a some_o of_o they_o be_v experiment_n make_v with_o the_o air-pump_n which_o i_o have_v adventure_v to_o insert_v here_o even_o though_o the_o noble_a mr._n boyl_n have_v give_v a_o account_n of_o many_o but_o because_o the_o engine_n be_v offer_v to_o i_o by_o the_o laird_n of_o salton_n a_o gentleman_n of_o a_o choice_n spirit_n i_o can_v not_o but_o in_o obedience_n to_o his_o command_n make_v use_v of_o it_o and_o show_v he_o the_o product_n there_o be_v also_o two_o or_o three_o observation_n in_o the_o close_a as_o that_o of_o the_o primum_fw-la vivens_fw-la in_o animal_n of_o the_o aliment_n and_o growth_n of_o plant_n and_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o aliment_n in_o tree_n to_o all_o which_o be_v add_v a_o short_a history_n of_o coal_n which_o i_o hope_v will_v be_v acceptable_a to_o some_o this_o so_o needful_a a_o subject_n never_o be_v treat_v of_o before_o by_o any_o in_o it_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o thing_n common_a to_o coal_n in_o general_n as_o dipp_n rifing_n and_o streeks_n next_o of_o gaes_n or_o dykes_n which_o prove_v so_o troublesome_a sometime_o to_o the_o work_n of_o coal_n three_o of_o damp_n and_o wildfire_n next_o a_o method_n be_v teach_v for_o try_v of_o ground_n where_o never_o any_o coal_n be_v discover_v before_o and_o last_o the_o manner_n how_o level_n or_o conduit_n underground_o ought_v to_o be_v carry_v on_o for_o drain_n the_o coal_n and_o free_v it_o of_o water_n when_o this_o book_n be_v first_o commit_v to_o the_o press_n i_o send_v a_o intimation_n thereof_o to_o some_o of_o my_o friend_n for_o their_o encouragement_n to_o it_o a_o practice_n now_o common_a and_o commendable_a which_o have_v not_o want_v a_o considerable_a success_n as_o witness_v the_o respect_n of_o many_o worthy_a person_n to_o who_o i_o be_o oblige_v but_o there_o be_v a_o generation_n that_o rather_o than_o they_o will_v encourage_v any_o new_a invention_n set_v themselves_o by_o all_o mean_n to_o detract_v from_o it_o and_o the_o author_n of_o it_o so_o grieve_v be_v they_o that_o aught_o of_o this_o kind_n shall_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o any_o but_o their_o own_o and_o therefore_o if_o the_o author_n shall_v give_v but_o the_o title_n of_o new_a to_o his_o invention_n though_o never_o so_o deserve_o they_o fly_v present_o in_o his_o throat_n like_v so_o many_o wild-catt_n study_v either_o to_o ridicule_n his_o work_n altogether_o a_o trade_n that_o usual_o the_o person_n of_o weak_a ability_n and_o most_o empty_a head_n be_v better_o at_o than_o learned_a man_n like_o those_o scholar_n who_o be_v nimble_a in_o put_v trick_n and_o imposture_n upon_o their_o condisciple_n be_v dolt_n as_o to_o their_o lesson_n or_o else_o fall_v upon_o it_o with_o such_o snarl_a and_o carp_a as_o discover_v neither_o ingenuity_n nor_o ingeniousness_n but_o a_o sore_a sickness_n call_v envy_n in_o the_o intimation_n i_o affirm_v that_o the_o doctrine_n concern_v the_o weight_n and_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n be_v new_a this_o one_o word_n like_o a_o spark_n of_o fire_n fall_v accidental_o among_o powder_n have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o so_o much_o debate_n their_o ground_n be_v because_o they_o look_v upon_o the_o hydrostaticks_n as_o a_o science_n long_o ago_o perfect_v see_v archimedes_n 2000_o year_n ago_o have_v demonstrat_fw-la the_o water_n to_o have_v a_o pressure_n and_o some_o other_o since_o as_o stevinus_n they_o affirm_v likewise_o that_o all_o the_o theorem_n and_o experiment_n that_o be_v here_o be_v either_o deduceable_a from_o archimedes_n and_o stevinus_n or_o be_v the_o same_o with_o they_o if_o these_o gentleman_n have_v suspend_v their_o judgement_n till_o this_o book_n have_v be_v publish_v i_o suspect_v they_o will_v not_o have_v speak_v so_o confident_o for_o archimedes_n his_o proposition_n they_o be_v but_o few_o and_o prove_v as_o mr_n boyl_n say_v by_o no_o very_a easy_a demonstration_n which_o have_v more_o of_o geometrical_a subtlety_n than_o usefulness_n in_o they_o but_o these_o which_o be_v here_o propose_v be_v not_o only_o useful_a but_o evident_o evict_v by_o reason_n and_o sensible_a experiment_n even_o to_o the_o mean_a capacity_n and_o though_o some_o of_o i_o may_v perhaps_o co-incide_a with_o some_o of_o he_o which_o to_o i_o be_v but_o accidental_a yet_o our_o way_n of_o procedure_n be_v toto_fw-la coelo_fw-la different_a his_o way_n be_v more_o speculative_a this_o be_v more_o practical_a his_o demonstration_n be_v geometrical_a these_o be_v physical_a his_o proposition_n be_v but_o for_o the_o use_n of_o a_o few_o these_o be_v for_o the_o use_n of_o all_o he_o be_v not_o illustrate_v and_o confirm_v by_o hydrostatical_a experiment_n these_o be_v stevinus_n a_o late_a writer_n keep_v that_o same_o method_n yet_o i_o judge_v it_o easy_a to_o let_v see_v even_o in_o the_o entry_n how_o little_a cogent_n some_o of_o his_o demonstration_n be_v without_o derogate_a from_o such_o a_o learned_a man._n he_o have_v indeed_o some_o pragmatical_a example_n as_o he_o call_v they_o for_o illustrate_v some_o of_o his_o geometrical_a proposition_n anent_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n but_o i_o leave_v they_o to_o be_v consider_v by_o the_o judicious_a and_o understanding_n again_o in_o this_o method_n i_o be_o yet_o as_o much_o different_a from_o other_o who_o have_v write_v late_o as_o from_o these_o i_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o for_o i_o not_o only_o treat_v of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n but_o take_v in_o with_o it_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n joint_o since_o to_o explicat_fw-la sufficient_o the_o phenomena_n of_o the_o hydrostaticks_n without_o it_o it_o be_v impossible_a and_o yet_o fuâ—der_a i_o not_o only_o counterpoise_v air_n with_o water_n but_o air_n with_o mercury_n and_o water_n with_o mercury_n by_o which_o mean_v several_a mystery_n and_o secret_n in_o this_o art_n be_v discover_v there_o be_v several_a invention_n find_v out_o of_o late_a in_o the_o hydrostaticks_n who_o event_n and_o effect_n can_v be_v clear_o deduce_v from_o the_o ground_n of_o archimedes_n and_o stevinus_n who_o have_v not_o that_o clear_a discovery_n foâ—_n 〈◊〉_d we_o know_v of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n that_o some_o now_o have_v without_o which_o these_o effect_n can_v never_o be_v sufficient_o explain_v and_o who_o doubt_n but_o other_o afterward_o may_v make_v far_a discovery_n and_o profit_v the_o world_n yet_o more_o with_o their_o invention_n than_o any_o have_v yet_o do_v be_v then_o the_o hydrostaticks_n a_o science_n long_o ago_o perfect_v to_o this_o pedantic_a conceit_n i_o must_v again_o oppose_v the_o judgement_n of_o mr._n boyl_n who_o say_v moreover_o that_o the_o usefulness_n of_o this_o part_n of_o philosophy_n have_v be_v scarce_o know_v any_o far_a than_o by_o name_n even_o to_o the_o generality_n of_o learned_a man_n but_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n be_v of_o a_o old_a date_n even_o as_o old_a as_o the_o flood_n for_o noah_n sure_o know_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n will_v sustain_v the_o ark_n and_o give_v but_o not_o grant_v that_o archimedes_n 2000_o year_n ago_o have_v write_v all_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o hydrostaticks_n do_v this_o hinder_v any_o man_n now_o from_o deduce_v new_a conclusion_n from_o these_o old_a principle_n but_o there_o be_v here_o no_o such_o thing_n for_o neither_o in_o this_o nor_o in_o my_o last_o piece_n be_v my_o adversary_n able_a to_o trace_v i_o it_o be_v like_o the_o purpose_n will_v have_v be_v so_o much_o the_o better_a if_o i_o have_v follow_v other_o man_n foot_n step_n and_o it_o be_v like_a they_o may_v have_v be_v so_o much_o the_o worse_o i_o doubt_v not_o
m_o g_o h._n the_o same_o phenomenon_n happen_v in_o take_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o narrow_a pipe_n f_o k._n the_o reason_n be_v still_o unequal_a pressure_n for_o in_o remove_v the_o air_n that_o be_v within_o the_o pipe_n the_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n m_o and_o the_o part_n h_n remain_v burden_a while_o the_o part_n g_z be_v free_v of_o its_o burden_n therefore_o this_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n be_v liberate_v of_o its_o burden_n that_o come_v down_o through_o the_o pipe_n instant_o rise_v and_o climb_v up_o as_o far_o as_o the_o outward_a air_n rest_v upon_o m_n and_o h_n can_v raise_v it_o which_o be_v to_o e_o 34_o foot_n for_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o surface_v of_o all_o water_n according_a to_o the_o 25_o theorem_fw-la be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n must_v raise_v the_o say_a water_n in_o the_o pipe_n 34_o foot_n you_o do_v not_o wonder_v why_o it_o rise_v from_o i_o to_o g_o as_o in_o the_o first_o experiment_n no_o more_o ought_v you_o to_o wonder_n why_o it_o rise_v from_o g_z to_z e_z see_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n do_v the_o same_o thing_n that_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n m_o h_n will_v do_v from_o this_o experiment_n we_o see_v first_o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v the_o proper_a cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o water_n up_o through_o pump_n and_o siphons_n or_o any_o other_o instrument_n that_o be_v use_v in_o water-work_n of_o that_o kind_n for_o if_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n m_o h_n be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o water_n climb_v up_o from_o g_z to_z e_z the_o same_o must_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o stagnant_a water_n follow_v the_o sucker_n of_o the_o pump_n while_o it_o be_v pull_v up_o and_o the_o same_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o water_n ascend_v the_o leg_n of_o a_o siphon_n and_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o motion_n continue_v after_o suction_n be_v end_v we_o see_v second_o that_o every_o press_v fluid_a have_v a_o sphere_n of_o activity_n to_o which_o it_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o fluid_a that_o be_v press_v this_o be_v evident_a in_o this_o experiment_n because_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n rest_v upon_o m_n h_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n the_o height_n of_o e_o in_o the_o wide_a pipe_n and_o the_o height_n of_o f_o in_o the_o narrow_a and_o no_o further_o even_o though_o the_o say_v pipe_n be_v far_o long_o and_o this_o altitude_n and_o high_a point_n be_v precise_o 34_o foot_n between_o air_n and_o water_n we_o see_v three_o that_o it_o be_v all_o one_o matter_n whether_o pump_n and_o siphons_n be_v wide_a or_o narrow_a whether_o the_o tub_n of_o the_o baroscope_n be_v wherein_o the_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v of_o a_o large_a diameter_n or_o of_o a_o lesser_a diameter_n this_o be_v also_o evident_a from_o the_o same_o experiment_n see_v there_o be_v no_o more_o difficulty_n in_o cause_v the_o water_n ascend_v the_o wide_a pipe_n than_o in_o cause_v it_o ascend_v the_o narrow_a one_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o press_a fluid_n repect_v not_o the_o press_v fluid_a according_a to_o its_o thickness_n and_o breadth_n but_o only_o according_a to_o its_o altitude_n therefore_o '_o be_v as_o easy_a for_o the_o air_n to_o press_v up_o water_n through_o a_o pump_n four_o foot_n in_o diameter_n as_o to_o press_v it_o up_o through_o a_o pump_n but_o one_o foot_n in_o diameter_n experiment_n iv._o figure_n 7._o this_o schematism_n represent_v a_o large_a vessel_n full_a of_o water_n who_o first_o and_o visible_a surface_n be_v d_o e_o h_o k._n the_o second_o that_o be_v imaginary_a be_v l_o i_o six_o foot_n below_o it_o the_o three_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n be_v m_n g_o six_o foot_n low_o the_o four_o be_v n_o f_o o_o six_o foot_n yet_o low_o the_o last_o and_o low_a be_v a_o b_o c._n there_o be_v here_o also_o four_o tub_n or_o rather_o one_o tub_n under_o four_o divers_a position_n with_o both_o end_n open_a after_o this_o tub_n d_o a_o be_v thrust_v below_o the_o water_n till_o it_o ascend_v as_o high_a as_o d_o in_o it_o lift_v it_o up_o between_o your_o finger_n till_o it_o have_v the_o position_n of_o the_o second_o pipe_n e_o f_o and_o then_o you_o shall_v see_v as_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n ascend_v the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n fall_v out_o by_o little_a and_o little_a until_o it_o be_v no_o long_o than_o e_o f._n again_o lift_v it_o further_o up_o till_o it_o have_v the_o position_n of_o the_o pipe_n h_o g_o then_o shall_v you_o find_v the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n become_v yet_o short_a last_o if_o it_o be_v situate_v as_o the_o pipe_n k_o i_o the_o internal_a water_n become_v no_o long_a than_o k_o i._o the_o reason_n of_o these_o phenomena_n be_v the_o same_o namely_o unequal_a pressure_n for_o the_o orifice_n a_o be_v lift_v up_o as_o high_a as_o f_o it_o come_v to_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n n_o o_o which_o be_v not_o under_o so_o much_o pressure_n as_o the_o other_o be_v therefore_o one_o part_n of_o it_o be_v more_o burden_v than_o another_o namely_o the_o part_n upon_o which_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n rest_v it_o present_o yield_v and_o suffer_v the_o cylinder_n to_o become_v short_a and_o light_a till_o it_o become_v no_o heavy_a than_o be_v proportionable_a to_o its_o own_o strength_n to_o make_v this_o reason_n more_o evident_a it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o no_o surface_n of_o water_n be_v able_a to_o support_v a_o cylinder_n high_a than_o its_o own_o deepness_n that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o a_o surface_n be_v 40_o foot_n deep_a it_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v a_o cylinder_n 40_o foot_n high_a and_o no_o more_o therefore_o the_o surface_n n_o o_o be_v but_o 18_o foot_n deep_a it_o can_v sustain_v a_o cylinder_n 24_o foot_n long_o for_o if_o that_o be_v than_o the_o potentia_n shall_v be_v inferior_a to_o the_o pondus_fw-la which_o be_v impossible_a in_o the_o hydrostaticks_n in_o effect_n it_o be_v no_o less_o absurdity_n then_o to_o say_v 18_o ounce_n be_v able_a to_o counterbalance_v 24._o for_o a_o second_o trial_n lift_v up_o the_o same_o pipe_n high_o till_o it_o acquire_v the_o position_n of_o the_o tub_n g_o h_n in_o this_o case_n the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n within_o it_o become_v yet_o short_a even_o no_o long_o than_z g_z h._n the_o reason_n be_v the_o same_o namely_o unequal_a pressure_n for_o when_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n 18_o foot_n high_a come_v to_o rest_v upon_o this_o surface_n that_o be_v but_o 12_o foot_n deep_a it_o make_v one_o part_n of_o it_o more_o burden_v than_o another_o therefore_o the_o part_n that_o be_v more_o press_v present_o yield_v and_o suffer_v the_o cylinder_n to_o fall_v down_o till_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o it_o become_v equal_a to_o its_o own_o potentia_fw-la for_o the_o last_o trial_n lift_v up_o the_o tub_n till_o it_o acquire_v the_o position_n of_o the_o pipe_n k_o i_o in_o this_o case_n the_o water_n within_o it_o become_v no_o long_o than_o k_o i_o the_o surface_n l_o i_o that_o be_v but_o six_o foot_n deep_a not_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v a_o cylinder_n 12_o foot_n high_a from_o this_o experiment_n we_o see_v first_o that_o in_o all_o fluid_a body_n there_o be_v a_o pressure_n which_o be_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o deepness_n of_o that_o fluid_a this_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o four_o several_a surface_n there_o be_v more_o pressure_n and_o force_n in_o the_o low_a a_o b_o c_o then_z in_o the_o next_z n_o o_o and_o more_o in_o this_o then_o in_o the_o surface_n m_o g_o and_o more_o in_o this_o then_o in_o l_o 1_n we_o see_v second_o that_o in_o all_o fluid_n there_o be_v a_o pondus_fw-la and_o a_o potentia_n which_o two_o be_v always_o of_o equal_a force_n and_o strength_n the_o potentia_n be_v clear_a and_o evident_a in_o the_o surface_n by_o support_v the_o pillar_n which_o pillar_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o pondus_fw-la support_v and_o that_o they_o be_v always_o of_o equal_a strength_n be_v most_o evident_a also_o for_o when_o you_o endeavour_v to_o make_v the_o pondus_fw-la unequal_a to_o the_o potentia_n in_o make_v a_o surface_n 18_o foot_n deep_a to_o support_v a_o pillar_n 24_o foot_n high_a they_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n become_v equal_a the_o pillar_n become_v short_a and_o suitable_a to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o surface_n that_o sustain_v it_o we_o see_v three_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o one_o part_n of_o the_o same_o horizontal_n surface_n to_o be_v more_o burden_v than_o another_o for_o when_o you_o endeavour_v to_o do_v it_o by_o set_v a_o long_a pillar_n upon_o it_o the_o part_n burden_v
with_o air_n as_o be_v clear_a from_o daily_a experience_n the_o liquor_n will_v run_v out_o constant_o at_o b._n because_o there_o be_v here_o a_o unequal_a pressure_n the_o surface_n of_o air_n n_o b_o be_v more_o burden_v than_o the_o surface_n e_o l_o c_o but_o where_o unequal_a pressure_n be_v in_o fluid_n according_a to_o the_o 12_o theorem_n motion_n must_v follow_v i_o prove_v the_o surface_n n_o b_o to_o be_v more_o burden_v than_o the_o surface_n e_o l_o c_o because_o the_o water_n b_o d_o be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n l_o d_o as_o be_v evident_a to_o the_o eye_n the_o air_n b_o therefore_o sustain_v far_o more_o weight_n than_o the_o air_n e_o l_o mun_o cede_fw-la and_o yield_v next_o there_o be_v here_o a_o pondus_fw-la and_o a_o potentia_fw-la the_o pondus_fw-la be_v the_o water_n l_o d_o the_o potentia_fw-la by_o which_o it_o be_v counterpoise_v be_v the_o water_n b_o d_o but_o these_o be_v unequal_a b_o d_o being_z heavy_a than_o l_o d_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o 33_o theorem_fw-la these_o two_o fluid_n can_v cease_v from_o motion_n if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o surface_n n_o b_o be_v strong_a than_o the_o surface_n e_o l_o c_o see_v it_o be_v low_a i_o answer_v the_o difference_n be_v so_o unsensible_a that_o they_o may_v be_v judge_v but_o one_o now_o i_o say_v if_o this_o siphon_n work_n in_o air_n with_o water_n it_o must_v likewise_o work_n in_o water_n with_o mercury_n therefore_o this_o siphon_n be_v 34_o foot_n below_o the_o first_o surface_n f_o g_o the_o liquor_n must_v run_v out_o constant_o at_o b._n because_o there_o be_v here_o a_o unequal_a pressure_n the_o surface_n of_o water_n n_o b_o be_v more_o burden_v than_o the_o surface_n e_o l_o c._n though_o there_o be_v more_o weight_n in_o n_o b_o than_z in_o e_z l_o c_o because_o it_o be_v low_a yet_o because_o the_o difference_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o be_v between_o the_o weight_n of_o b_o d_o and_o the_o weight_n of_o l_o d_o it_o prove_v nothing_o note_v here_o that_o so_o long_o as_o d_o be_v within_o 58_o inch_n of_o e_o l_o c_o this_o siphon_n will_v work_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o pressure_n of_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n with_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o f_o g_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v mercury_n exact_o 58_o inch_n but_o if_o d_o exceed_v that_o height_n no_o art_n will_v make_v the_o liquor_n run_v out_o at_o b._n note_v second_o that_o this_o siphon_n will_v operate_v with_o air_n and_o water_n though_o the_o top_n d_o be_v 34_o foot_n above_o m_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n to_o that_o height_n note_n three_o that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o orifice_n open_v at_o c_o upon_o the_o level_a line_n e_o l_o c_o the_o two_o water_n will_v become_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n the_o one_o not_o be_v able_a to_o move_v the_o other_o if_o you_o bear_v a_o hole_n at_o r_o the_o liquor_n ascend_v from_o r_z to_z d_o and_o go_v down_o from_o d_o to_o a_o and_o so_o the_o motion_n end_v but_o if_o the_o leg_n a_o d_o be_v six_o time_n wide_a than_o b_o d_o the_o liquor_n will_v not_o run_v out_o at_o b._n i_o shall_v answer_v this_o in_o the_o close_a from_o this_o experiment_n we_o see_v first_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o fluid_a body_n up_o through_o pump_n and_o siphons_n be_v not_o for_o shune_v vacuity_n but_o because_o they_o be_v press_v up_o violent_o we_o see_v next_o that_o when_o the_o pressure_n be_v uniform_a there_o be_v no_o motion_n in_o fluids_n but_o assoon_o as_o one_o part_n be_v more_o press_v than_o another_o motion_n begin_v because_o this_o siphon_n will_v not_o operate_v if_o the_o orifice_n be_v make_v in_o c_o but_o if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v in_o d_o than_o the_o motion_n begin_v because_o there_o be_v here_o a_o unequal_a pressure_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o other_o we_o see_v three_o that_o fluids_n have_v a_o determinate_a sphere_n of_o activity_n to_o which_o they_o be_v able_a to_o press_v and_o no_o further_o because_o this_o water_n be_v not_o able_a to_o press_v mercury_n high_o than_o 58_o inch_n so_o the_o air_n can_v raise_v water_n high_o than_o 34_o foot_n if_o this_o water_n be_v 68_o foot_n deep_a the_o sphere_n of_o its_o activity_n will_v be_v 116_o inch_n we_o see_v four_a that_o in_o fluids_n there_o be_v a_o pondus_fw-la and_o a_o potentia_n and_o that_o the_o inequality_n of_o weight_n between_o the_o two_o be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o motion_n we_o see_v five_o that_o as_o long_o as_o this_o inequality_n of_o weight_n continue_v as_o long_o continue_v the_o motion_n because_o as_o long_o as_o b_o d_o be_v heavy_a than_o l_o d_o the_o motion_n persevere_fw-la we_o see_v sixthly_a the_o possibility_n of_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n in_o fluids_n because_o the_o liquor_n run_v perpetual_o out_o at_o b._n if_o it_o be_v say_v the_o motion_n end_v when_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n a_o e_o l_o fail_v i_o answer_v this_o stop_n be_v only_o accidental_a and_o not_o essential_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o fluids_n if_o it_o be_v inquire_v whether_o or_o not_o will_v the_o mercury_n run_v out_o at_o b_o upon_o supposition_n the_o shank_n l_o d_o be_v twice_o as_o wide_o as_o the_o shank_n b_o d_o i_o answer_v it_o will_v if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o one_o be_v far_o heavy_a than_o the_o other_o namely_o l_o d_o than_o d_o b._n i_o answer_v weight_n in_o fluids_n be_v not_o count_v according_a to_o thickness_n but_o according_a to_o altitude_n experiment_n xx._n figure_n 27._o this_o last_o be_v for_o demonstrate_v the_o precise_a and_o just_a weight_n of_o any_o pillar_n of_o air_n water_n mercury_n or_o of_o any_o other_o fluid_a body_n if_o some_o of_o their_o dimension_n be_v but_o once_o know_v a_o b_o then_o be_v a_o square_a pipe_n 12_o foot_n high_a and_o six_o inch_n in_o wideness_n full_a of_o water_n rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o air_n a_o c._n and_o e_z g_z be_v a_o square_a pipe_n 12_o foot_n high_a and_o 12_o inch_n wide_a full_a of_o water_n rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o air_n e_o f._n none_o needs_o to_o doubt_v but_o the_o two_o water_n will_v be_v suspend_v after_o this_o manner_n even_o though_o the_o orifice_n a_o and_o e_o be_v downward_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v guard_v with_o water_n but_o the_o demonstration_n will_v be_v the_o more_o evident_a that_o we_o suppose_v the_o two_o pillar_n of_o water_n to_o be_v suspend_v as_o they_o be_v from_o this_o experiment_n i_o say_v first_o that_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n c_o d_o be_v 168_o pound_n weight_n at_o least_o which_o i_o prove_v thus_o the_o water_n a_o b_o be_v 168_o pound_n therefore_o the_o air_n c_o d_o must_v be_v as_o much_o i_o prove_v the_o antecedent_n because_o it_o be_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n 12_o foot_n high_a and_o six_o inch_n thick_a but_o every_o half_a cubical_a foot_n of_o water_n that_o contain_v 216_o inch_n weigh_v seven_o pound_n therefore_o see_v the_o pillar_n be_v 12_o foot_n it_o must_v contain_v 24_o half_a foot_n but_o 24_o time_n 7_o be_v 168._o the_o only_a difficulty_n be_v to_o prove_v the_o connexion_n which_o i_o do_v thus_o from_o the_o seven_o theor._n all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o fluid_a in_o the_o same_o horizontal_n line_n be_v equal_o press_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o part_n a_o and_o the_o part_n c_o be_v in_o the_o same_o horizontal_a surface_n therefore_o the_o part_n a_o and_o the_o part_n c_o be_v equal_o press_v but_o if_o the_o part_n a_o and_o the_o part_n c_o be_v equal_o press_v the_o pillar_n of_o air_n c_o d_o must_v be_v as_o heavy_a as_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n a_o b._n i_o say_v second_o that_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n f_o h_n weigh_v 672_o pound_n i_o prove_v it_o thus_o the_o water_n e_o g_z weigh_v 672_o pound_n therefore_o the_o air_n f_o h_n weigh_v as_o much_o the_o antecedent_n be_v clear_a because_o e_z g_o be_v a_o square_a pillar_n of_o water_n 12_o foot_n high_a and_o 12_o inch_n thick_a but_o every_o cubical_a foot_n of_o water_n weigh_v 56_o pound_n but_o 12_o time_n 56_o be_v 672._o i_o prove_v the_o connexion_n as_o before_o all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o horizontal_a surface_n be_v equal_o press_v therefore_o the_o part_n f_o must_v sustain_v as_o much_o burden_n as_o the_o part_n e._n to_o proceed_v a_o little_a further_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o pipe_n a_o b_o to_o be_v 34_o foot_n high_a and_o the_o pipe_n e_o g_o to_o be_v as_o much_o i_o assert_v then_o three_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n c_o d_o to_o weigh_v 476_o pound_n which_o i_o prove_v
other_o for_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a and_o infallible_a rule_n in_o the_o hydrostaticks_n that_o water_n will_v rise_v as_o high_a in_o this_o place_n as_o the_o height_n of_o the_o place_n be_v from_o whence_o it_o come_v even_o though_o the_o wind_n and_o turn_n of_o the_o lead-conduit_n underground_o be_v as_o a_o labyrinth_n and_o though_o this_o place_n be_v not_o only_o 1000_o but_o 5000_o pace_n distant_a from_o the_o other_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o if_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o conduit_n here_o be_v exact_o as_o high_a as_o the_o other_o end_n at_o the_o fountain_n the_o water_n stand_v still_o and_o the_o great_a the_o difference_n be_v the_o water_n flow_v out_o with_o the_o great_a force_n by_o the_o help_n of_o such_o conduit_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o convey_v water_n to_o a_o city_n many_o mile_n such_o pipe_n be_v ordinary_o make_v of_o lead_n but_o for_o save_v expense_n they_o may_v be_v make_v of_o timber_n or_o clay_n well_o burn_v in_o a_o oven_n a_o account_n of_o miscellany_n observation_n late_o make_v by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o forego_n experiment_n observation_n i._n in_o may_n 1669_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o new_a sink_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o tranent_n for_o win_v of_o coal_n but_o while_o the_o coal-hewers_a be_v in_o dig_v down_o and_o have_v come_v the_o deepness_n of_o 13_o or_o 14_o fathom_n they_o be_v stop_v from_o work_v by_o damp_n or_o ill_a air_n that_o flow_v out_o plentiful_o from_o the_o side_n of_o the_o sink_n wherein_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o cutter_n or_o rift_n out_o of_o which_o that_o ill_a air_n come_v to_o try_v the_o nature_n and_o power_n of_o damp_n i_o take_v a_o dog_n and_o fasten_v he_o in_o a_o bucket_n with_o a_o small_a roap_n that_o he_o may_v not_o leap_v over_o and_o when_o he_o have_v go_v down_o 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n he_o present_o begin_v to_o howl_v and_o cry_v pitiful_o as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v beat_v sore_o with_o a_o rod_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o begin_v to_o stagger_v and_o his_o foot_n fail_v he_o he_o fall_v down_o as_o one_o overtake_v with_o the_o epilepsy_n and_o in_o go_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n his_o eye_n turn_v in_o his_o head_n they_o appear_v very_o shine_v and_o clear_a like_o two_o large_a bright_a diamond_n fear_v that_o the_o damp_n shall_v have_v kill_v he_o out_o of_o hand_n he_o be_v instant_o pull_v up_o from_o the_o bottom_n where_o he_o have_v not_o tarry_v 15_o second_n of_o time_n and_o when_o the_o bucket_n have_v come_v to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o sink_n he_o be_v pull_v out_o and_o lay_v upon_o the_o ground_n to_o get_v fresh_a air._n when_o he_o have_v lie_v a_o while_n as_o dead_a he_o begin_v at_o last_o to_o gape_v and_o gasp_n and_o makesome_a respiration_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v rather_o expire_a than_o recover_v next_o he_o begin_v to_o stir_v and_o move_v his_o foot_n and_o after_o to_o raise_v himself_o upon_o his_o knee_n his_o head_n stagger_v and_o waver_v from_o side_n to_o side_n after_o a_o minute_n or_o two_o he_o be_v able_a to_o stand_v upon_o his_o foot_n but_o so_o weak_o that_o he_o be_v not_o in_o capacity_n to_o walk_v or_o run_v yet_o at_o last_o be_v much_o refresh_v he_o escape_v from_o we_o and_o run_v home_o but_o slow_o in_o the_o afternoon_n the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o another_o dog_n who_o case_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o thing_n but_o after_o he_o be_v perfect_o recover_v for_o a_o further_a trial_n we_o let_v he_o down_o the_o second_o time_n and_o suffer_v he_o to_o tarry_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sink_n about_o the_o space_n of_o three_o minute_n but_o when_o he_o be_v pull_v up_o and_o take_v out_o we_o find_v no_o symptom_n of_o life_n in_o he_o and_o so_o after_o half_a a_o hour_n and_o more_o his_o body_n begin_v to_o swell_v which_o ordinary_o befall_v such_o who_o be_v kill_v after_o this_o manner_n after_o this_o we_o send_v down_o in_o the_o bucket_n a_o little_a chicken_n which_o when_o it_o come_v near_o the_o damp_n present_o flap_v with_o the_o wing_n and_o fall_v down_o turn_v over_o and_o over_o for_o a_o pretty_a while_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v take_v with_o a_o vertigo_n or_o giddiness_n but_o by_o draw_v up_o the_o bucket_n in_o haste_n and_o bring_v the_o bird_n to_o the_o fresh_a air_n it_o recover_v in_o the_o evening_n we_o let_v down_o a_o light_a candle_n but_o it_o be_v soon_o extinguish_v when_o it_o come_v near_o mid-sink_a for_o here_o rather_o than_o in_o the_o bottom_n be_v the_o strong_a damp._n last_o we_o let_v down_o by_o a_o chord_n a_o brand-iron_n with_o burn_a coal_n who_o flame_n be_v soon_o put_v out_o and_o after_o a_o little_a while_n we_o perceive_v the_o red_a coal_n to_o be_v extinguish_v by_o degree_n yet_o not_o total_o because_o as_o the_o coal-hewers_a observe_v the_o power_n of_o the_o damp_n be_v not_o so_o strong_a as_o before_o these_o damp_n than_o have_v their_o ebbing_n and_o flow_n which_o seem_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o weather_n or_o rather_o upon_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o their_o force_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o a_o high_a south-west_n wind_n cause_v ill_a air_n in_o this_o place_n and_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o much_o waste_a ground_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o south_n and_o south-west_n hand_n of_o this_o sink_v whence_o be_v convey_v under_o ground_n by_o secret_a passage_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o so_o many_o rift_n and_o open_n common_o call_v by_o the_o coal-hewers_a cutter_n corrupt_v and_o rot_a air_n full_a of_o sulphurous_a stem_n the_o reason_n why_o these_o passage_n be_v open_a and_o replenish_v with_o nothing_o but_o corrupt_a air_n be_v this_o the_o water_n that_o be_v ordinary_o call_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o coal_n be_v withdraw_v with_o subterraneous_a gutter_n common_o call_v level_n that_o be_v dig_v and_o wrought_v under_o ground_n sometime_o a_o very_a long_a way_n for_o dry_v of_o the_o mine_n and_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v now_o empty_a there_o succeed_v air_n which_o air_n by_o process_n of_o time_n and_o long_o stand_v rot_v and_o contract_v a_o sulphurous_a quality_n which_o cause_v sudden_a death_n now_o when_o the_o wind_n be_v high_a and_o strong_a from_o the_o south_n or_o south-west_n that_o sulphurous_a air_n be_v drive_v through_o the_o ground_n and_o come_v to_o sink_n and_o mine_n where_o man_n be_v work_v present_o infect_v the_o place_n and_o hinder_v the_o work_n it_o be_v often_o observe_v that_o the_o wind_n and_o air_n under_o ground_n keep_v a_o correspondence_n in_o their_o motion_n with_o the_o wind_n above_o ground_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o wind_n be_v in_o such_o a_o point_n above_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n below_o run_v such_o a_o way_n and_o the_o contrary_a way_n when_o the_o wind_n above_o ground_n be_v in_o the_o opposite_a point_n when_o there_o be_v a_o free_a passage_n between_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o two_o sink_n you_o may_v observe_v the_o wind_n come_v down_o through_o the_o one_o and_o run_v alongst_o under_o the_o ground_n rise_v up_o through_o the_o other_o even_o as_o water_n run_v through_o a_o siphon_n for_o this_o cause_n when_o the_o coal-hewers_a have_v do_v with_o such_o a_o sink_v they_o do_v not_o use_v to_o stop_v it_o or_o close_v it_o up_o but_o leave_v it_o stand_v open_a that_o the_o air_n under_o ground_n may_v be_v keep_v under_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n and_o stir_v which_o to_o they_o be_v a_o great_a advantage_n it_o be_v very_o strange_a to_o see_v sometime_o how_o much_o air_n and_o how_o fresh_a it_o will_v be_v even_o at_o a_o very_a great_a distance_n namely_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o pace_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o sink_v this_o can_v never_o be_v unless_o there_o be_v a_o considerable_a pressure_n and_o weight_n in_o it_o whereby_o it_o be_v drive_v forward_o through_o so_o many_o labyrinth_n and_o even_o in_o the_o utmost_a room_n where_o the_o coal-hewers_a be_v work_v the_o pressure_n be_v as_o great_a as_o it_o be_v above_o ground_n which_o be_v find_v by_o the_o torricellian_a experiment_n in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o air_n can_v press_v down_o through_o the_o earth_n and_o metal_n therefore_o the_o mercury_n must_v be_v suspend_v not_o by_o a_o pillar_n from_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o by_o the_o bensil_n of_o it_o nay_o put_v the_o case_n that_o the_o whole_a element_n of_o air_n be_v destroy_v and_o this_o remain_v yet_o will_v it_o be_v able_a to_o support_v 29_o inch_n to_o shut_v up_o this_o discourse_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o coal-hewers_a that_o when_o there_o be_v ill_a air_n in_o a_o
that_o scarce_o any_o be_v find_v without_o they_o in_o lesser_a or_o great_a degree_n such_o be_v gae_n and_o dykes_n that_o alter_v the_o natural_a course_n of_o the_o metal_n very_o incident_a to_o every_o coal_n though_o in_o some_o less_o frequent_a conform_v to_o the_o nature_n and_o kind_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o coal_n be_v three_o i_o shall_v speak_v something_o of_o damp_n and_o of_o their_o different_a cause_n and_o effect_n of_o wildfire_n and_o other_o such_o like_a thing_n which_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o work_n of_o coal_n and_o last_o of_o the_o best_a way_n for_o try_v ground_n to_o find_v coal_n where_o never_o any_o have_v be_v hitherto_o discover_v of_o carry_v on_o of_o level_n for_o drain_n the_o water_n of_o coal_n and_o make_v it_o workable_a it_o be_v to_o be_v cosider_v that_o all_o freestone_n though_o of_o different_a nature_n have_v the_o same_o course_n with_o the_o coal_n that_o lie_v either_o above_o they_o or_o below_o they_o except_o it_o be_v accidental_o interrupt_v therefore_o whatsoever_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o one_o be_v applicable_a to_o the_o other_o and_o so_o we_o find_v in_o digging_z or_o sink_v that_o after_o the_o clay_n be_v past_a which_o keep_v no_o course_n all_o metal_n as_o stone_n and_o till_v which_o be_v seem_v of_o black_a stone_n and_o participate_v much_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o coal_n lie_v one_o above_o another_o and_o keep_v a_o regular_a course_n wherein_o the_o three_o thing_n most_o remarkable_a be_v their_o dipp_n and_o rise_v and_o their_o streek_n as_o it_o be_v term_v the_o dipp_n and_o rise_v be_v nothing_o but_o a_o decline_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o metal_n and_o this_o general_a hold_n that_o all_o of_o they_o from_o their_o centre_n rise_v till_o they_o be_v at_o the_o very_a surface_n of_o the_o earth_n some_o only_a at_o a_o foot_n or_o two_o foot_n some_o at_o a_o ell_n distance_n from_o the_o surface_n which_o be_v here_o term_v a_o crop_n and_o whether_o coal_n or_o stone_n the_o near_o they_o come_v to_o the_o surface_n the_o soft_a they_o become_v till_o at_o last_o they_o be_v convert_v if_o it_o be_v a_o stone_n to_o a_o very_a sand_n and_o if_o coal_n to_o a_o dross_n which_o will_v not_o burn_v this_o decline_a or_o dip_v of_o the_o coal_n be_v sometime_o great_a and_o sensible_a sometime_o lesser_a and_o almost_o insensible_a there_o be_v some_o that_o if_o you_o consider_v the_o declination_n it_o will_v not_o be_v find_v one_o foot_n in_o ten_o some_o one_o foot_n in_o twenty_o or_o one_o in_o thirty_o whereas_o in_o other_o it_o will_v be_v one_o foot_n in_o three_o or_o one_o in_o five_o and_o sometime_o it_o have_v its_o course_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n almost_o in_o a_o perpendicular_a to_o the_o surface_n it_o cut_v it_o near_o to_o a_o right_a angle_n the_o first_o sort_n they_o term_v flate-broad-coal_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o plainness_n and_o evenness_n of_o its_o course_n the_o next_o they_o call_v hinging-coal_n the_o last_o be_v call_v edge-coal_n the_o first_o be_v the_o most_o profitable_a in_o regard_n that_o it_o be_v long_o before_o the_o coal-hewers_a can_v reach_v the_o cropp_n and_o consequent_o the_o more_o of_o it_o be_v workable_a the_o second_o and_o three_o sort_n be_v sometime_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n more_o firm_a and_o fit_a for_o burn_v but_o less_o of_o they_o can_v be_v reach_v in_o work_v the_o course_n of_o all_o the_o three_o be_v most_o perceptible_a in_o the_o three_o follow_a schematism_n figure_n 1._o in_o all_o the_o three_o figure_n the_o point_n b_o be_v the_o cropp_n of_o the_o coal_n the_o line_n b_o c_o be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o coal_n decline_v or_o the_o dipp_n from_o the_o cropp_n a_o c_o be_v the_o perpendicular_a fall_v from_o the_o horizontal_n line_n whereby_o the_o true_a declination_n or_o dipp_n of_o the_o coal_n be_v find_v so_o that_o after_o you_o have_v find_v your_o coal_n at_o b_o you_o must_v set_v down_o your_o sink_n at_o the_o point_n a._n in_o the_o flat-broad-coal_n which_o we_o suppose_v only_o to_o decline_v three_o fathom_n in_o sixty_o the_o sink_v that_o answer_v to_o the_o perpendicular_a a_o c_o will_v be_v of_o deepness_n three_o fathom_n if_o the_o distance_n b_o a_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v 120_o fathom_n alongst_o the_o grass_n or_o surface_n then_o will_v the_o deepness_n of_o the_o sink_v be_v six_o fathom_n and_o so_o forth_o in_o the_o second_o if_o the_o coal_n be_v suppose_v to_o decline_v one_o fathom_n in_o three_o the_o sink_v a_o c_o be_v set_v down_o at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o the_o cropp_n b_o with_o the_o former_a it_o will_v prove_v thirty_o fathom_n deep_a if_o the_o say_a distance_n be_v double_v it_o become_v sixty_o fathom_n deep_a and_o so_o forth_o in_o the_o three_o keep_v that_o same_o distance_n alongst_o the_o surface_n you_o shall_v not_o encounter_v the_o coal_n with_o a_o perpendicular_a sink_n because_o of_o its_o great_a declination_n and_o therefore_o through_o want_n of_o air_n and_o other_o difficulty_n you_o can_v dig_v so_o deep_a as_o be_v necessary_a to_o that_o effect_n except_o the_o sink_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o decline_v as_o do_v the_o line_n a_o d._n all_o these_o dipp_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o several_a place_n of_o lothian_n the_o first_o be_v most_o conspicuous_a in_o the_o earl_n of_o wintons_n ground_n at_o tranent_n where_o the_o coal_n and_o other_o metal_n be_v extraordinary_a flat_a and_o even_o the_o second_o be_v within_o the_o say_a lordship_n of_o tranent_n in_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n call_v wester-fauside_a the_o three_o in_o lonhead_n of_o lasway_v which_o pertain_v to_o sir_n john_n nicolson_n of_o nicolson_n and_o in_o many_o other_o place_n one_o may_v see_v very_o different_a declination_n who_o be_v curious_a to_o observe_v they_o from_o this_o general_a position_n of_o the_o dipp_n and_o cropp_n of_o all_o free_a metal_n there_o be_v one_o consequent_a which_o be_v no_o uncouth_a observation_n namely_o that_o these_o metal_n rise_v from_o their_o dipp_n to_o a_o cropp_n every_o one_o of_o they_o rise_v in_o their_o proper_a course_n if_o none_o of_o these_o thing_n whereof_o we_o shall_v treat_v hereafter_o intervene_v and_o make_v a_o alteration_n that_o be_v the_o coal_n or_o stone_n which_o be_v low_a come_v farre_v out_o in_o its_o crop_n which_o be_v easy_o understand_v by_o the_o subsequent_a schematism_n figure_n 4._o wherein_o the_o line_n a_o m_o represent_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n c_o d._n e_o f._n g_z h._n ay_o k._n l_o m_o be_v so_o many_o several_a metal_n lie_v in_o course_n one_o above_o another_o suppose_v c_o d_o be_v a_o stone_n and_o the_o roof_n of_o the_o coal_n e_o f_o for_o so_o they_o term_v the_o stone_n immediate_o next_o above_o the_o coal_n and_o g_o h_n i_o k_o be_v other_o two_o stone_n interveen_v between_o the_o coal_n e_o f_o and_o l_o m_o then_z if_o the_o cropp_n of_o the_o uppermost_a coal_n be_v find_v at_o f_o the_o crop_n of_o the_o stone_n above_o it_o must_v be_v find_v back_o at_o the_o point_n d_o and_o the_o cropp_n of_o the_o coal_n under_o it_o which_o be_v l_o m_o must_v be_v find_v at_o m._n and_o this_o distance_n of_o cropp_n be_v proportion_v by_o the_o length_n of_o the_o perpendicular_a between_o they_o and_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o declination_n for_o the_o more_o even_a and_o flat_a a_o coal_n be_v in_o its_o course_n and_o other_o metal_n above_o and_o below_o the_o far_a do_v the_o cropp_n of_o the_o low_a coal_n advance_v before_o the_o cropp_n of_o the_o uppermost_a for_o illustration_n whereof_o let_v we_o suppose_v in_o two_o several_a ground_n two_o coal_n between_o which_o there_o be_v a_o equal_a distance_n of_o perpendicular_a and_o suppose_v the_o metal_n in_o the_o one_o ground_n to_o decline_v at_o 13_o to_o 24_o the_o other_o at_o 13_o to_o 16_o then_o will_v the_o distance_n between_o the_o crop_n in_o the_o two_o ground_n be_v very_o considerable_a as_o may_v be_v represent_v by_o the_o two_o follow_a figure_n figure_n 5._o suppose_v then_o that_z d_o ay_o be_v of_o equal_a length_n in_o both_o triangle_n which_o be_v the_o perpendicular_a between_o the_o two_o coal_n yet_o d_o f_o in_o the_o five_o figure_n be_v much_o long_o than_o d_o f_o in_o the_o 6._o and_o the_o reason_n be_v evident_a because_o the_o angle_n d_o i_o f_o in_o the_o 5_o be_v great_a than_o the_o angle_n d_o i_o f_o in_o the_o 6_o and_o therefore_o the_o base_a d_o f_o which_o be_v subtend_v by_o the_o great_a angle_n in_o the_o 5_o must_v be_v great_a than_o the_o base_a d_o f_o which_o be_v subtend_v by_o the_o lesser_a angle_n in_o the_o 6_o which_o euclid_n prove_v in_o his_o
24_o proposition_n of_o his_o first_o book_n and_o be_v demonstrat_fw-la by_o proclus_n in_o the_o scholium_fw-la to_o the_o 4_o the_o proposition_n of_o the_o same_o book_n by_o this_o be_v make_v to_o appear_v the_o profitableness_n of_o a_o flat-coal_n beyond_o a_o hinging-coal_n which_o be_v touch_v before_o in_o regard_n that_o have_v the_o sink_n of_o equal_a deepness_n in_o both_o there_o be_v much_o more_o of_o the_o flater-coal_n to_o be_v wrought_v before_o it_o cropp_n out_o then_o of_o the_o hing_n as_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o line_n d_o f_o in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o figure_n or_o between_o the_o line_n i_o f_o in_o the_o same_o if_o it_o be_v inquire_v if_o in_o rise_a ground_n where_o there_o be_v a_o considerable_a ascent_n above_o ground_n the_o coal_n keep_v a_o proportion_n in_o its_o rise_n and_o dip_v with_o the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o ground_n above_o i_o answer_v there_o be_v no_o certain_a and_o constant_a proportion_n keep_v whatever_o sometime_o may_v happen_v for_o i_o have_v observe_v some_o coal_n upon_o ground_n of_o a_o considerable_a ascent_n and_o their_o dipp_n run_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o other_o have_v have_v a_o quite_o contrary_a course_n to_o that_o and_o have_v decline_v or_o dip_v with_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o ground_n above_o but_o in_o the_o streek_a whereof_o i_o shall_v speak_v a_o little_a hereafter_o there_o be_v more_o proportion_n ordinary_o to_o be_v remark_v there_o remain_v only_o one_o question_n about_o the_o dipp_n and_o rise_n of_o coal_n which_o i_o shall_v a_o little_a consider_v have_v encounter_v different_a judgement_n anent_o it_o in_o converse_v with_o person_n who_o have_v experience_n in_o coal_n viz._n whether_o coal_n and_o other_o metal_n after_o they_o have_v decline_v such_o a_o length_n from_o their_o cropp_n suppose_v from_o west_n to_o east_n take_v another_o course_n and_o rise_v to_o the_o same_o point_n to_o which_o former_o they_o dip_v figure_n 7._o as_o if_o the_o coal_n dip_v from_o a_o which_o be_v the_o cropp_n to_o b_o which_o shall_v be_v the_o centre_n of_o that_o body_n and_o after_o that_o rise_n to_o c_o or_o if_o it_o shall_v continue_v its_o declination_n through_o b_o to_z d_o which_o be_v antipode_n to_o we_o i_o shall_v not_o offer_v to_o determine_v in_o a_o matter_n wherein_o there_o can_v be_v so_o little_a certainty_n attain_v but_o shall_v give_v my_o opinion_n which_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o experience_n i_o have_v have_v and_o observation_n i_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v on_o that_o head_n and_o first_o i_o find_v in_o all_o these_o coal_n wherein_o no_o contrary_a cropp_n or_o rising_n can_v be_v visible_a there_o be_v invincible_a obstruction_n as_o either_o they_o have_v be_v near_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v dip_v that_o way_n and_o so_o if_o they_o take_v any_o contrary_a course_n the_o crop_v behove_v to_o be_v in_o the_o deep_n and_o so_o no_o access_n to_o trace_v they_o or_o next_o they_o have_v dip_v towards_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o mountain_n and_o so_o the_o ground_n above_o rise_v the_o same_o way_n which_o they_o decline_v their_o course_n can_v not_o be_v pursue_v till_o a_o contrary_a rise_n shall_v be_v discern_v or_o three_o they_o have_v encounter_v some_o gay_a or_o dyke_n which_o have_v cut_v they_o off_o before_o they_o come_v to_o their_o full_a dipp_n and_o thus_o their_o course_n be_v obstruct_v now_o those_o that_o have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o no_o other_o coal_n but_o such_o i_o think_v it_o not_o strange_a if_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o persuade_v they_o of_o those_o thing_n they_o have_v not_o see_v but_o beside_o all_o those_o kind_n i_o have_v see_v other_o who_o contrary_a rise_n and_o dip_v have_v either_o be_v visible_a to_o the_o eye_n or_o demonstrable_a by_o reason_n for_o example_n i_o have_v enter_v under_o ground_n as_o it_o be_v at_o the_o point_n c_o at_o the_o very_a grass-cropp_n and_o have_v go_v follow_v the_o dipp_n of_o that_o coal_n to_o the_o point_n b_o at_o which_o the_o course_n have_v alter_v and_o carry_v i_o out_o at_o the_o grass_n at_o a_o which_o be_v two_o contrary_a point_n of_o the_o compass_n and_o that_o alteration_n of_o course_n be_v not_o occasion_v by_o any_o gay_a or_o trouble_v which_o sometime_o have_v that_o effect_n the_o ground_n be_v very_o clean_o and_o good_a metal_n keep_v their_o course_n most_o regular_o there_o be_v other_o instance_n for_o confirm_v my_o experience_n in_o field_n which_o be_v so_o large_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o work_v the_o coal_n so_o far_o to_o the_o dipp_n it_o fall_v deep_a and_o so_o want_v level_n for_o convey_v water_n from_o it_o or_o want_v air_n for_o follow_v it_o to_o such_o a_o deepness_n as_o to_o overtake_v its_o centre_n where_o it_o take_v a_o contrary_a course_n and_o yet_o the_o contrary_a cropp_n have_v be_v wrought_v in_o several_a place_n which_o be_v evident_a to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n with_o the_o other_o both_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o coal_n itself_o by_o the_o metal_n lie_v above_o it_o and_o the_o coal_n below_o it_o all_o which_o keep_v the_o same_o course_n except_o when_o they_o encounter_v trouble_n which_o be_v incident_a to_o some_o parcel_n of_o ground_n more_o than_o to_o other_o the_o great_a field_n i_o know_v wherein_o this_o be_v conspicuous_a be_v in_o mid-lothian_a where_o be_v to_o be_v find_v the_o crop_n of_o a_o coal_n of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n which_o be_v term_v their_o great-seam_n or_o main-coal_n and_o the_o other_o coal_n lie_v below_o it_o which_o may_v be_v trace_v in_o the_o order_n follow_v at_o prestongrange_n these_o coal_n be_v find_v dip_v to_o the_o n_o w_o and_o rise_v to_o the_o saint_n e_o which_o have_v be_v wrought_v up_o to_o wallifooâ—d_v from_o that_o along_o by_o the_o foot_n of_o faâ—side_n hill_n the_o dipp_n lie_v in_o the_o land_n of_o inneresk_n which_o march_v therewith_o on_o the_o north._n from_o thence_o it_o run_v through_o the_o ground_n of_o carberry_n every_o one_o of_o these_o ground_n from_o prestongrange_n give_v level_n to_o another_o from_o thence_o through_o a_o part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o smeaton_n and_o next_o through_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n belong_v to_o the_o family_n of_o buccleugh_n call_v coudon_n and_o through_o west-house_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o lothian_n and_o at_o cockpen_n and_o stobhill_n from_o thence_o run_v through_o to_o carington-mill_n all_o which_o be_v a_o course_n which_o in_o streek_n lie_v near_o to_o s_o w_n and_o n_o w_o and_o will_v be_v in_o length_n about_o eight_o mile_n from_o thence_o the_o course_n of_o the_o coal_n turn_v and_o be_v find_v in_o the_o barony_n of_o carington_n white-hill_n ramsay_n gilmerton_n and_o from_o thence_o take_v its_o dipp_n quite_o contrary_a to_o what_o it_o have_v before_o the_o other_o dip_v n_o and_o n_o w_n or_o n_o e_z according_a to_o the_o turn_n of_o the_o streek_a it_o dipp_v there_o s_o s_o e_o etc._n etc._n and_o from_o gilmerton_n it_o be_v find_v at_o burntstone_n a_o piece_n of_o ground_n belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o lauderdale_n and_o from_o thence_o at_o the_o magdalen_n pan_n where_o the_o turn_n of_o the_o crop_n be_v within_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o see_v till_o it_o be_v find_v at_o prestongrange_n where_o we_o begin_v to_o remark_n its_o course_n the_o parcel_n of_o ground_n under_o which_o this_o great_a body_n of_o coal_n lie_v be_v of_o a_o considerable_a extent_n it_o be_v eight_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o five_o or_o six_o in_o breadth_n in_o regard_n whereof_o many_o other_o coal_n be_v find_v lie_v above_o the_o great_a coal_n the_o crop_n whereof_o do_v not_o come_v near_o the_o cropp_n of_o it_o by_o a_o considerable_a distance_n though_o this_o instance_n alone_o may_v sufficient_o convince_v yet_o i_o shall_v not_o be_v unwilling_a to_o give_v another_o the_o parcel_n of_o ground_n in_o which_o this_o coal_n be_v find_v be_v not_o of_o so_o great_a a_o extent_n as_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o its_o course_n may_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o trace_v for_o the_o great_a part_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o winton_n and_o lie_v within_o the_o lordship_n of_o tranent_n who_o contrary_a crop_n be_v most_o conspicuous_a this_o great_a coal_n which_o be_v 10_o or_o 12_o foot_n thick_a beginning_n at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o toun_n of_o tranent_n where_o it_o have_v be_v wrought_v run_v saint_n w_n towards_o the_o march_n of_o the_o land_n of_o elphingston_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n register_n and_o continue_v in_o that_o same_o course_n till_o it_o come_v near_o to_o the_o house_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n dip_v to_o the_o s_o e._n
crop_n of_o the_o metal_n the_o body_n whereof_o lie_v in_o it_o whether_o of_o coal_n or_o stone_n in_o that_o case_n there_o be_v no_o way_n to_o try_v but_o by_o sink_v or_o boar_v the_o way_n of_o range_v be_v conspicuous_a in_o the_o follow_a figure_n figure_n 11._o the_o piece_n of_o ground_n to_o be_v try_v be_v p_o n_o where_o there_o be_v several_a seam_n of_o metal_n that_o crop_n out_o at_o the_o point_n k_o l_o m_o n._n suppose_v the_o low_a to_o be_v the_o coal_n viz._n i_o n_o for_o which_o you_o be_v to_o make_v trial_n you_o dig_v first_o at_o k_o without_o the_o cropp_n of_o the_o seam_n f_o k_n and_o you_o dig_v till_o you_o find_v the_o other_o seam_n of_o stone_n g_o l_o at_o the_o point_n c._n follow_v the_o rule_n before_o give_v you_o advance_v before_o its_o crop_n and_o dig_v at_o l_o and_o find_v the_o other_o seam_n of_o stone_n h_n m_o at_o the_o point_n d_o from_o which_o you_o also_o advance_v and_o dig_v before_o its_o crop_n at_o the_o point_n m_o and_o find_v your_o coal_n at_o the_o point_n e._n but_o if_o by_o advance_v over_o the_o crop_n of_o these_o metal_n which_o come_v out_o from_o under_o one_o another_o you_o find_v no_o coal_n than_o you_o be_v to_o range_v backward_o for_o the_o crop_n of_o metal_n lie_v above_o these_o where_o haply_o the_o coal_n may_v be_v as_o at_z o_o and_o p._n this_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v the_o most_o certain_a and_o exact_a way_n of_o try_v field_n for_o coal_n or_o any_o other_o metal_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o least_o chargeable_a of_o all_o other_o the_o second_o of_o this_o last_o part_n i_o promise_v to_o speak_v of_o be_v in_o order_n to_o level_n or_o coal-mine_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o conduit_n or_o gutter_n make_v under_o ground_n for_o convey_v of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o coal_n and_o so_o render_v it_o workable_a it_o seem_v that_o a_o very_a little_a time_n before_o this_o that_o way_n of_o mine_a under_o ground_n have_v not_o be_v fall_v upon_o for_o there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v coal_n waste_v in_o their_o crop_n only_o for_o convey_v the_o water_n whereof_o they_o have_v make_v a_o conduit_n or_o level_v which_o have_v be_v open_a to_o the_o surface_n like_o a_o great_a ditch_n some_o whereof_o have_v be_v ten_o or_o twelve_o fathom_n in_o their_o deepness_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o level_n to_o keep_v the_o term_n use_v must_v always_o be_v at_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o field_n where_o the_o coal_n lie_v to_o be_v dry_v some_z whereof_o by_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o streek_a of_o the_o coal_n rise_v that_o way_n as_o we_o show_v before_o give_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o free_a level_n that_o be_v when_o the_o water_n come_v above_o ground_n of_o its_o own_o accord_n without_o be_v force_v by_o draw_v in_o other_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o engine_n to_o draw_v the_o water_n from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o level_n and_o bring_v it_o above_o ground_n which_o engine_n be_v of_o several_a sort_n as_o when_o man_n draw_v with_o ordinary_a bucket_n or_o when_o there_o be_v a_o horse-work_n or_o waterwork_n and_o that_o either_o by_o a_o chain_n with_o plate_n and_o a_o pump_n or_o with_o a_o chain_n and_o bucket_n all_o which_o be_v very_o common_a especial_o those_o we_o have_v in_o scotland_n they_o be_v capable_a to_o draw_v but_o a_o very_a small_a draught_n make_v only_a use_n of_o one_o sink_v for_o that_o effect_n but_o there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n in_o bishopric_n water-work_n by_o which_o water_n be_v draw_v above_o 40_o fathom_n in_o perpendicular_a but_o not_o all_o in_o one_o sink_n the_o manner_n whereof_o be_v thus_o there_o be_v a_o sink_v from_o the_o end_n of_o their_o level_n to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o their_o work_n be_v go_v 40_o fathom_n deep_a which_o must_v dry_v the_o coal-sinks_n at_o 60_o or_o 70_o which_o lie_v above_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n where_o the_o water-work_n be_v situate_v there_o be_v first_o one_o 40_o fathom_n deep_a from_o the_o grass_n another_o in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o that_o of_o 24._o another_o of_o 12_o upon_o all_o which_o there_o be_v water-work_n in_o the_o first_o sink_v the_o water_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o bottom_n 12_o fathom_n and_o thence_o convey_v into_o a_o level_n or_o i_o which_o carry_v it_o away_o to_o the_o second_o sink_v by_o the_o second_o â—ork_n the_o water_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o second_o sink_v 14_o fathom_n from_o the_o bottom_n and_o set_v in_o by_o a_o level_n to_o the_o three_o sink_v which_o be_v only_o 12_o fathom_n deep_a the_o waterwork_n set_v it_o above_o ground_n the_o form_n of_o the_o engine_n be_v after_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o first_o sink_v there_o be_v a_o outter-wheel_n move_v as_o other_o milns_n be_v by_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n upon_o the_o end_n of_o the_o axletree_n of_o which_o wheel_n there_o be_v a_o ragg-wheel_n turn_v vertical_o as_o do_v the_o outer-wheel_n this_o ragg-wheel_n by_o a_o nutt_n or_o trinle_n turn_v another_o which_o move_v horizontal_o the_o axletree_n whereof_o go_v right_o down_o in_o the_o sink_v and_o may_v be_v be_v 8_o or_o 10_o fathom_n at_o the_o end_n whereof_o there_o be_v another_o rag_n which_o by_o a_o nutt_n turn_v another_o wheel_n which_o go_v vertical_o as_o the_o first_o rag_n and_o cause_v another_o wheel_n with_o a_o long_a axletree_n turn_v as_o the_o first_o and_o so_o down_o till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o wheel_n which_o turn_v the_o axletree_n by_o which_o the_o chain_n be_v draw_v the_o second_o sink_v have_v such_o another_o engine_n but_o not_o so_o many_o wheel_n in_o regard_n it_o be_v not_o so_o deep_a the_o three_o have_v only_o one_o single_a wheel_n whereby_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v above_o ground_n the_o most_o curious_a of_o these_o engine_n that_o be_v to_o be_v see_v be_v at_o ravensworth_n near_o to_o newcastle_n which_o belong_v to_o sir_n thomas_n liddel_n a_o most_o ingenious_a gentleman_n 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the_o true_a height_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o coal_n lie_v must_v be_v first_o take_v that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v how_o much_o of_o the_o field_n can_v be_v drain_v by_o it_o which_o must_v be_v do_v either_o with_o a_o quadrant_n or_o with_o a_o instrument_n make_v express_v then_o care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o take_v the_o low_a part_n for_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o level_n that_o the_o field_n can_v afford_v and_o from_o that_o it_o must_v be_v carry_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n towards_o that_o part_n of_o the_o field_n where_o the_o coal_n be_v think_v to_o be_v encounter_v by_o the_o mine_n in_o work_v
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