john_n ray_n f.r.s._n print_a for_o j._n hinton_n at_o the_o king_n arm_n in_o paternoster_n row_n miscellaneous_n discourse_v concern_v the_o dissolution_n and_o change_n of_o the_o world_n wherein_o the_o primitive_a chaos_n and_o creation_n the_o general_n deluge_n fountain_n form_v stone_n sea-shell_n find_v in_o the_o earth_n subterraneous_a tree_n mountain_n earthquake_n vulcanoe_n the_o universal_a conflagration_n and_o future_a state_n be_v large_o discuss_v and_o examine_v by_o john_n ray_n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n london_n print_v for_o samuel_n smith_n at_o the_o prince_n arm_n in_o st._n paul_n church_n yard_n 1692._o to_o the_o most_o reverend_n father_n in_o god_n john_n lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n primate_n of_o all_o england_n and_o metropolitan_a my_o lord_n it_o be_v no_o interest_n or_o expectation_n of_o i_o that_o induce_v i_o to_o dedicate_v this_o discourse_n to_o your_o grace_n i_o be_o not_o so_o well_o conceit_v of_o my_o own_o performance_n as_o to_o think_v it_o merit_n to_o be_v inscribe_v to_o so_o great_a a_o name_n much_o less_o that_o i_o shall_v oblige_v your_o lordship_n or_o indeed_o a_o far_o mean_a person_n by_o such_o inscription_n my_o principal_a motive_n be_v that_o it_o will_v give_v i_o opportunity_n of_o congratulate_v with_o the_o sober_a part_n of_o this_o nation_n your_o advancement_n to_o the_o archiepiscopal_a dignity_n and_o of_o acknowledge_v his_o majesty_n wisdom_n in_o make_v choice_n of_o so_o fit_a a_o person_n to_o fill_v that_o chair_n endue_v with_o all_o qualification_n requisite_a for_o so_o high_a a_o call_v so_o able_a and_o skilful_a a_o pilot_n to_o govern_v the_o church_n and_o so_o prudent_a and_o faithful_a a_o counsellor_n to_o serve_v himself_o but_o i_o will_v not_o enlarge_v in_o your_o just_a praise_n lest_o i_o shall_v incur_v the_o unjust_a censure_n or_o suspicion_n of_o flattery_n give_v i_o leave_v only_o to_o add_v what_o i_o may_v without_o injury_n of_o truth_n and_o i_o think_v also_o without_o violation_n of_o modesty_n that_o your_o grace_n election_n have_v the_o concurrent_a approbation_n and_o applause_n of_o all_o good_a man_n that_o know_v you_o or_o have_v have_v a_o true_a character_n of_o you_o which_o may_v serve_v to_o strengthen_v your_o hand_n in_o the_o management_n and_o administration_n of_o so_o difficult_a a_o province_n though_o you_o need_v no_o such_o support_n as_o be_v sufficient_o involve_v and_o arm_v by_o your_o virtue_n and_o protect_v by_o the_o almighty_a power_n and_o providence_n those_o that_o be_v good_a and_o wise_a be_v please_v and_o satisfy_v when_o great_a man_n be_v prefer_v to_o great_a place_n and_o think_v it_o pity_v that_o person_n of_o large_a and_o public_a spirit_n shall_v be_v confine_v to_o narrow_a sphere_n of_o action_n and_o want_v field_n to_o exercise_v and_o employ_v those_o rich_a talent_n and_o ability_n wherewith_o they_o be_v endow_v in_o do_v all_o the_o good_a they_o be_v thereby_o qualify_v and_o incline_v to_o do_v my_o lord_n i_o be_o sensible_a that_o the_o present_v i_o make_v you_o be_v neither_o for_o bulk_n nor_o worth_n suitable_a to_o your_o person_n and_o greatness_n yet_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v favourable_o accept_v it_o be_v the_o best_a i_o have_v to_o offer_v and_o my_o boldness_n may_v pretend_v some_o excuse_n from_o ancient_a acquaintance_n and_o from_o my_o forwardness_n to_o embrace_v this_o opportunity_n of_o profess_v my_o name_n among_o those_o that_o honour_n you_o and_o of_o publish_v myself_o my_o lord_n your_o grace_n most_o devote_a servant_n and_o humble_a orator_n john_n ray._n the_o preface_n be_v it_o not_o customary_a and_o expect_v by_o the_o reader_n this_o discourse_n will_v need_v no_o preface_n all_o that_o i_o shall_v premise_v shall_v be_v something_o by_o way_n of_o apology_n or_o excuse_n first_o for_o the_o two_o long_a digression_n i_o have_v make_v the_o one_o concern_v the_o general_a deluge_n in_o the_o day_n of_o noah_n the_o other_o concern_v the_o primitive_a chaos_n and_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n my_o first_o plea_n be_v their_o affinity_n and_o near_a relation_n to_o my_o subject_n the_o future_a dissolution_n of_o the_o world_n by_o fire_n invite_v i_o to_o say_v something_o of_o the_o former_a destruction_n of_o it_o by_o water_n and_o the_o destruction_n be_v opposite_a to_o the_o formation_n i_o have_v as_o good_a a_o pretence_n to_o discourse_v likewise_o concern_v that_o my_o second_o excuse_n be_v their_o agreement_n with_o my_o subject_n in_o be_v alike_o matter_n of_o ancient_a tradition_n five_o matter_n of_o ancient_a tradition_n i_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o and_o four_o of_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o now-mentioned_n relation_n one_o to_o another_o i_o have_v have_v a_o fair_a and_o invite_a occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o in_o this_o work_n they_o be_v 1._o that_o the_o world_n be_v form_v out_o of_o a_o chaos_n by_o the_o divine_a wisdom_n and_o power_n 2._o that_o there_o be_v once_o a_o universal_a flood_n of_o water_n in_o which_o all_o mankind_n perish_v except_v some_o few_o that_o be_v save_v in_o a_o ark_n or_o ship_n 3._o that_o the_o world_n shall_v one_o day_n be_v dissolve_v by_o fire_n 4._o that_o there_o be_v a_o heaven_n and_o a_o hell_n a_o tartarus_n and_o a_o elysium_n and_o both_o eternal_a the_o one_o to_o reward_v good_a man_n and_o the_o other_o to_o punish_v wicked_a 5._o of_o which_o i_o have_v no_o occasion_n to_o treat_v that_o bloody_a sacrifice_n be_v to_o be_v offer_v for_o the_o expiation_n of_o sin_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o these_o tradition_n among_o the_o heathen_a have_v their_o original_a from_o some_o passage_n in_o scripture_n as_o that_o of_o the_o chaos_n from_o the_o second_o verse_n of_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o genesis_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v tohu_n vabohu_o which_o we_o render_v without_o form_n and_o void_a and_o that_o of_o the_o deluge_n from_o the_o history_n of_o it_o in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o and_o the_o future_a conflagration_n from_o several_a passage_n in_o the_o prophet_n &c._n &c._n or_o be_v antecedent_n to_o the_o scripture_n i_o rather_o think_v the_o latter_a because_o we_o find_v they_o among_o some_o nation_n which_o its_o likely_a never_o have_v understanding_n of_o the_o scripture_n nor_o indeed_o ever_o hear_v of_o they_o second_o for_o write_v so_o much_o for_o which_o perchance_o some_o may_v censure_v i_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o man_n as_o they_o be_v mutable_a so_o they_o love_v change_v and_o affect_v variety_n of_o author_n as_o well_o as_o book_n satiety_n even_o of_o the_o best_a thing_n be_v apt_a to_o creep_v upon_o we_o he_o that_o write_v much_o let_v he_o write_v never_o so_o well_o shall_v experience_n that_o his_o last_o book_n though_o nothing_o inferior_a to_o his_o first_o will_v not_o find_v equal_a acceptance_n but_o for_o my_o own_o part_n though_o in_o general_n i_o may_v be_v think_v to_o have_v write_v too_o much_o yet_o be_v it_o but_o little_o that_o i_o have_v write_v relate_v to_o divinity_n three_o for_o be_v too_o hasty_a in_o huddle_v up_o and_o tumble_v out_o book_n herein_o i_o confess_v i_o can_v acquit_v myself_o whole_o from_o blame_n i_o know_v well_o that_o the_o long_o a_o book_n lie_v by_o i_o the_o perfect_a it_o become_v something_o occur_v every_o day_n in_o read_v or_o think_v either_o to_o add_v or_o to_o correct_v and_o alter_v for_o the_o better_a but_o shall_v i_o defer_v the_o edition_n till_o the_o work_n be_v absolute_o perfect_a i_o may_v wait_v all_o my_o life-time_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o be_v publish_v by_o my_o executor_n but_o i_o see_v that_o posthumous_n piece_n general_o prove_v inferior_a to_o those_o put_v out_o by_o the_o author_n in_o their_o life_n and_o perchance_o do_v the_o reader_n know_v my_o reason_n for_o this_o speed_n which_o i_o think_v it_o not_o fit_a now_o to_o lay_v open_a he_o will_v judge_v they_o sufficient_a to_o excuse_v i_o however_o hasty_a and_o precipitate_a i_o be_o in_o writing_n my_o book_n be_v but_o small_a so_o that_o if_o they_o be_v worthless_a the_o purchase_n be_v not_o great_a nor_o the_o expense_n of_o time_n waste_v in_o the_o perusal_n of_o they_o very_o considerable_a yet_o be_v not_o the_o worth_n of_o a_o book_n always_o answerable_a to_o its_o bulk_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v usual_o esteem_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d one_o â—hing_n still_o remain_v to_o advertise_v the_o reader_n of_o that_o be_v that_o upon_o second_o thought_n i_o do_v revoke_v what_o i_o have_v deliver_v as_o my_o opinion_n or_o suspicion_n concern_v the_o continuance_n of_o the_o rain_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n for_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n because_o it_o be_v
be_v a_o dove_n send_v out_o of_o the_o ark_n by_o deucalion_n which_o return_v again_o into_o the_o ark_n be_v a_o sign_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o the_o flood_n but_o fly_v quite_o away_o and_o not_o return_v any_o more_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o serenity_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v drain_v indeed_o ovid_n and_o other_o mythologistâ—_n make_v deucalion_n flood_n to_o have_v be_v universal_a and_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o description_n ovid_n give_v of_o it_o that_o he_o mean_v the_o general_a deluge_n in_o the_o day_n of_o noah_n and_o that_o by_o deucalion_n the_o ancient_n together_o with_o ovid_n understand_v noah_n kircher_n in_o his_o 6._o arca_n noâ—_n do_v well_o make_v out_o first_o for_o that_o the_o poeâ—_n apollonius_n make_v he_o the_o son_n of_o prometheus_n in_o his_o three_o book_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d where_o prometheus_n the_o son_n of_o japetus_n begaâ—_n the_o renown_a deucalion_n 2._o berosus_n affirm_v noah_n to_o have_v be_v scythian_n and_o luciâ—_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr dea_fw-la syria_n tell_v we_o thaâ—_n many_o make_n deucalion_n to_o have_v be_v so_o too_o 3._o the_o scripture_n testify_v that_o man_n be_v general_o very_o corrupt_a and_o wicked_a in_o the_o day_n oâ—_n noah_n and_o andro_n teius_n a_o very_a ancient_a writer_n testify_v that_o in_o deucalion_n time_n therâ—_n be_v a_o great_a abundance_n of_o wicked_a man_n which_o make_v it_o necessary_a for_o god_n to_o destroy_v mankind_n 4._o the_o scripture_n say_v that_o noah_n be_v a_o just_a man_n and_o perfect_a in_o his_o generation_n and_o ovid_n say_v of_o deucalion_n that_o non_fw-la illo_fw-la melior_fw-la quisquam_fw-la nec_fw-la amantior_fw-la aequi_fw-la vir_fw-la fuit_fw-la aut_fw-la illâ_fw-la pyrrhâ_fw-la uxore_fw-la ejus_fw-la reverentior_fw-la ulla_fw-la deorum_fw-la and_o a_o little_a after_o innocuos_fw-la ambos_fw-la cultores_fw-la numinis_fw-la ambos_fw-la 5._o apollonius_n say_v of_o deucalion_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o first_o rule_v over_o man_n which_o may_v very_o well_o be_v attribute_v to_o noah_n the_o father_n and_o restorer_n of_o mankind_n who_o right_a the_o kingdom_n be_v 6._o the_o send_v out_o of_o a_o dove_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o water_n be_v abate_v and_o the_o flood_n go_v off_o be_v we_o have_v see_v by_o putarch_n attribute_v to_o deucalion_n 7._o lucian_n in_o his_o timon_n and_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr dea_fw-la syria_n set_v forth_o the_o particular_n of_o deucalion_n after_o the_o example_n of_o noah_n flood_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n deucalion_n be_v the_o only_a man_n that_o be_v leave_v for_o a_o second_o generation_n for_o his_o prudence_n and_o piety_n sake_n and_o he_o be_v save_v in_o this_o manner_n he_o make_v a_o great_a ark_n and_o get_v aboard_o it_o with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o to_o he_o come_v swine_n and_o horse_n and_o lion_n and_o serpent_n and_o all_o other_o live_v creature_n which_o the_o earth_n maintain_v according_a to_o their_o kindâ—_n by_o pair_n and_o he_o receive_v they_o all_o and_o they_o hurt_v he_o not_o for_o there_o be_v by_o divine_a instinct_n a_o great_a friendship_n among_o they_o and_o they_o sail_v together_o in_o the_o ark_n so_o long_o as_o the_o wâ—ters_n prevail_v and_o in_o his_o timon_n he_o say_v that_o noah_n lay_v up_o in_o the_o ark_n plenty_n of_o aâ—_n provision_n for_o their_o sustenance_n by_o all_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o notion_n oâ—_n a_o general_a flood_n be_v every_o where_o currenâ—_n among_o the_o people_n especial_o in_o those_o couâ—treys_n where_o the_o ark_n rest_v and_o where_o noaâ—_n afterward_o live_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o thâ—_n apamean_v whether_o of_o mesopotamia_n or_o syriâ—_n or_o bythinia_n for_o there_o be_v three_o city_n â—_o name_v coin_v money_n in_o honour_n of_o thâ—_n emperor_n septimius_n severus_n and_o philippâ—_n arab_n have_v on_o the_o reverse_n the_o figure_n â—_o a_o ark_n with_o a_o man_n and_o a_o woman_n stand_v before_o it_o and_o a_o man_n and_o a_o woman_n look_v out_o of_o it_o and_o two_o dove_n above_o it_o one_o fly_v with_o a_o branch_n of_o a_o tree_n in_o its_o mouth_n another_o rest_n upon_o it_o the_o figurâ—_n whereof_o and_o a_o learned_a discourse_n thereupon_o out_o of_o falconerius_n may_v be_v see_v in_o kircheâ—_n 6._o arca_n noae_n which_o money_n though_o theâ—_n be_v coin_v long_o after_o our_o saviour_n time_n anâ—_n the_o divulgation_n of_o the_o scripture_n yet_o beinâ—_n do_v by_o ethnic_n do_v show_v that_o the_o story_n â—_o the_o deluge_n be_v know_v and_o famous_a anâ—_n general_o credit_v among_o they_o as_o be_v near_o the_o place_n where_o noah_n live_v and_o converse_v after_o the_o flood_n howbeit_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o particular_a flood_n in_o thessaly_n as_o they_o call_v deucalion_n which_o happen_v seven_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o year_n or_o thereabouts_o after_o the_o general_a deluge_n i_o acknowledge_v also_o a_o more_o ancient_a flood_n in_o attica_n in_o the_o time_n of_o ogyges_n about_o two_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n before_o deucalion_n by_o which_o the_o country_n be_v so_o mar_v that_o it_o lay_v waste_v and_o uncultivated_a without_o inhabitant_n for_o almost_o two_o hundred_o year_n other_o particular_a deluge_n and_o eruption_n or_o inundation_n of_o the_o sea_n beside_o these_o we_o read_v of_o in_o history_n which_o i_o shall_v not_o stand_v to_o enumerate_v he_o that_o desire_v a_o account_n of_o they_o may_v consult_v sr._n walter_n raleigh_n history_n of_o the_o world_n p._n 89._o howbeit_o the_o consideration_n of_o they_o may_v be_v of_o use_n to_o we_o when_o we_o shall_v come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o flood_n upon_o the_o earth_n so_o i_o dismiss_v this_o first_o particular_a and_o proceed_v to_o the_o second_o what_o be_v the_o instrumental_a cause_n or_o mean_n of_o the_o flood_n whether_o be_v it_o effect_v by_o natural_a or_o supernatural_a mean_n only_o whether_o be_v god_n no_o further_a concern_v in_o it_o than_o in_o so_o order_v 2._o cause_n at_o first_o as_o of_o themselves_o necessary_o to_o bring_v it_o in_o at_o such_o a_o time_n first_o those_o that_o hold_v this_o deluge_n be_v altogether_o miraculous_a and_o that_o god_n almighty_a create_v water_n on_o purpose_n to_o serve_v this_o occasion_n and_o when_o they_o have_v do_v their_o work_n destroy_v they_o again_o dispatch_v the_o business_n and_o loose_a or_o cut_v the_o knot_n in_o a_o few_o word_n and_o yet_o this_o hypothesis_n be_v not_o so_o absurd_a and_o precarious_a as_o at_o first_o sight_n it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v for_o the_o world_n be_v already_o full_a there_o need_v not_o nor_o indeed_o can_v be_v any_o creation_n of_o water_n out_o of_o nothing_o but_o only_o a_o transmutation_n of_o some_o other_o body_n into_o water_n now_o if_o we_o grant_v all_o natural_a body_n even_o the_o element_n themselves_o to_o be_v mutual_o transmutable_a as_o few_o man_n doubt_v and_o some_o think_v they_o can_v demonstrate_v why_o may_v not_o the_o divine_a power_n and_o providence_n bring_v together_o at_o that_o time_n such_o natural_a agent_n as_o may_v change_v the_o air_n or_o aether_n or_o both_o together_o into_o water_n and_o so_o supply_v what_o be_v want_v in_o rains_n and_o extraordinary_a eruption_n of_o spring_n to_o they_o that_o argue_v the_o improbability_n oâ—_n such_o a_o change_n from_o the_o great_a quantity_n oâ—_n air_n requisite_a to_o the_o make_v of_o a_o little_a water_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o if_o air_n and_o alâ—â—_n body_n commix_v with_o it_o be_v together_o change_v into_o water_n they_o must_v needs_o make_v a_o bulk_n of_o water_n of_o equal_a quantity_n with_o themselves_o unless_o we_o will_v grant_v a_o peripatetical_a condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n and_o hold_v that_o the_o same_o matter_n may_v have_v sometime_o a_o great_a sometime_o a_o lesser_a quantity_n or_o extension_n this_o cause_v the_o conversion_n of_o air_n into_o water_n the_o learned_a jesuit_n athanasius_n kircher_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr arca_n nooe_n allege_v as_o the_o undoubted_a instrumental_a cause_n or_o mean_n of_o the_o deluge_n in_o these_o word_n dico_fw-la totum_fw-la illud_fw-la aereum_fw-la spatium_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la supremam_fw-la regionem_fw-la aeris_fw-la praepotentis_fw-la dei_fw-la virtute_fw-la in_fw-la aquas_fw-la per_fw-la inexplicabilem_fw-la nubium_fw-la coacervatarum_fw-la multitudinem_fw-la quâ_fw-la replebatur_fw-la conversum_fw-la esse_fw-la cujus_fw-la ubertas_fw-la tanta_fw-la fuit_fw-la ut_fw-la aer_fw-la supremus_fw-la cum_fw-la inferiori_fw-la in_o oceanum_n commutatus_fw-la videri_fw-la potuerit_fw-la non_fw-la naturae_fw-la viribus_fw-la sed_fw-la illius_fw-la cujus_fw-la voluntati_fw-la &_o imperio_fw-la cuncta_fw-la subsunt_fw-la that_o be_v i_o affirm_v that_o all_o that_o aereal_a space_n that_o reach_v up_o to_o the_o supreme_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v by_o the_o
now_o iâ—_n seem_v clear_a to_o i_o that_o the_o rain-water_n make_v its_o way_n through_o the_o vein_n and_o chinkâ—_n of_o the_o rock_n above_o it_o and_o yet_o but_o slow_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o straitness_n of_o the_o passage_n supplieâ—_n that_o drop_v all_o the_o year_n round_o at_o least_o this_o be_v much_o more_o rational_a than_o any_o different_a hypothesis_n if_o the_o water_n distil_v down_o fast_a in_o wintertime_n and_o wet_a wether_n than_o it_o do_v in_o summer_n which_o i_o forget_v to_o ask_v the_o experiment_n will_v infallible_o prove_v our_o assertion_n in_o confirmation_n of_o this_o argument_n albertus_n magnus_n as_o i_o find_v he_o quote_v in_o dr._n wittie_n scarborough_n spa_n tell_v we_o that_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o solid_a rock_n one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o fathom_n deep_a he_o see_v drop_n of_o water_n distil_v from_o it_o in_o a_o rainy_a season_n second_o it_o be_v well_o know_v and_o attest_v to_o i_o by_o the_o people_n at_o buxton_n when_o i_o be_v there_o that_o out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o same_o poole-hole_n after_o great_a and_o long_o continue_v rain_n a_o great_a stream_n of_o water_n do_v usual_o issue_v forth_o and_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o must_v make_v its_o way_n through_o a_o good_a thickness_n of_o earth_n or_o rock_n before_o it_o can_v come_v in_o there_o three_o what_o become_v of_o all_o the_o water_n that_o fall_v on_o newmarket_n heath_n and_o gogmagog_n hill_n i_o presume_v also_o salisbury-plain_a and_o the_o like_a spongy_a ground_n all_o winter_n long_o where_o we_o see_v very_o little_o run_v off_o any_o way_n it_o must_v needs_o sink_v into_o the_o ground_n more_o than_o ten_o foot_n deep_a four_o many_o wells_n who_o spring_n lie_v at_o least_o twenty_o foot_n deep_a we_o find_v by_o experience_n do_v often_o fail_v in_o great_a drought_n in_o summer_n time_n five_o in_o coal_n delfs_n and_o other_o mine_n in_o wet_a wether_n the_o miner_n be_v many_o time_n drown_v out_o as_o they_o phrase_v it_o though_o no_o water_n run_v down_o into_o the_o mouth_n of_o their_o pit_n or_o shaft_n nay_o dr._n witty_a tell_v we_o in_o his_o description_n of_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o scarborough_n spa_n pag._n 105._o that_o after_o great_a inundation_n of_o rain_n the_o miner_n find_v the_o water_n frequent_o distil_v through_o the_o solid_a earth_n upon_o their_o head_n whereas_o iâ—_n summer_n or_o dry_a season_n they_o find_v no_o interruption_n from_o thence_o at_o all_o further_o to_o confirm_v this_o particular_a write_v to_o my_o honour_a friend_n sr._n thomâ—â—_n willughby_n baronet_n desire_v he_o to_o examine_v his_o collier_n concern_v it_o and_o send_v i_o woâ—_n what_o report_n they_o make_v and_o from_o he_o receive_v this_o account_n if_o there_o be_v spring_n lyâ—_n before_o you_o come_v at_o the_o coal_n they_o carry_v the_o water_n away_o but_o if_o there_o be_v none_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o work_n in_o great_a or_o 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of_o a_o parallel_a story_n out_o of_o heylin_n geography_n in_o the_o description_n of_o cyprus_n where_o the_o author_n relate_v that_o in_o the_o day_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a there_o be_v a_o exceed_a long_a drought_n there_o so_o as_o in_o thirty_o six_o year_n they_o have_v no_o rain_n in_o so_o much_o as_o all_o the_o spring_n and_o torrent_n or_o river_n be_v dry_v up_o so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v force_v to_o forsake_v the_o island_n and_o to_o seek_v for_o new_a habitation_n for_o want_n of_o fresh_a water_n the_o second_o be_v pag._n 84._o that_o in_o the_o wolds_n or_o down_n of_o yorkshire_n they_o have_v many_o spring_n break_v out_o after_o great_a rain_n which_o they_o call_v gypsy_n neither_o be_v this_o eruption_n of_o spring_n after_o long_a rain_n proper_a and_o peculiar_a only_o to_o the_o wolds_n of_o yorkshire_n but_o common_a to_o other_o country_n also_o as_o dr_n childrey_n witness_v in_o these_o word_n sometime_o there_o break_v out_o water_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o sudden_a land-flood_n out_o of_o certain_a stone_n that_o be_v like_o rock_n stand_v aloft_o in_o open_a field_n near_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o river_n kynet_n in_o kent_n which_o be_v repute_v by_o the_o common_a people_n a_o forerunner_n of_o dearth_n that_o the_o suddeâ—_n eruption_n of_o spring_n in_o place_n where_o they_o use_v not_o always_o to_o run_v shall_v be_v a_o sign_n oâ—_n dearth_n be_v no_o wonder_n for_o these_o unusual_a eruption_n which_o in_o kent_n we_o call_v nailbourn_v be_v cause_v by_o extreme_a glut_v oâ—_n rain_n or_o last_a wet_a weather_n and_o never_o happen_v but_o in_o wet_a year_n witness_v the_o year_n 1648._o when_o there_o be_v many_o of_o they_o and_o to_o our_o purpose_n very_o remarkable_a it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o 1654._o several_a spring_n and_o rivulet_n be_v quite_o dry_v up_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o precedent_n drought_n which_o rage_v most_o in_o 1651_o 1652_o and_o 1653._o as_o the_o head_n of_o the_o 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and_o in_o that_o where_o and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v more_o charge_v with_o they_o as_o in_o cold_a country_n and_o cold_a wether_n the_o fire_n rage_v most_o that_o likewise_o it_o can_v be_v continue_v without_o a_o unctuous_a pabulum_fw-la or_o fuel_n i_o appeal_v to_o the_o experience_n of_o all_o men._n now_o then_o in_o the_o rarefy_v air_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o nitrous_a particle_n be_v proportionable_o scatter_v and_o thin_a set_v the_o fire_n that_o may_v be_v kindle_v there_o will_v burn_v but_o very_o languid_o and_o remiss_o as_o we_o say_v just_a now_o and_o so_o the_o eruption_n of_o vulcano_n if_o any_o such_o happen_v will_v not_o be_v like_a to_o do_v half_a the_o execution_n there_o that_o they_o will_v do_v in_o cold_a country_n and_o yet_o i_o never_o read_v of_o any_o spread_a conflagration_n cause_v by_o the_o eruption_n of_o any_o vulcano_n either_o in_o hot_a country_n or_o in_o cold_a they_o usual_o cast_v out_o abundance_n of_o thick_a smoke_n 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shock_n the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n to_o be_v divide_v may_v be_v put_v into_o so_o impetuous_a a_o motion_n as_o to_o fall_v in_o sunder_o of_o themselves_o into_o lesser_a particle_n than_o those_o of_o the_o impellent_fw-fr body_n be_v which_o i_o will_v not_o suppose_v at_o present_a now_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o the_o principle_n of_o some_o other_o simple_a body_n may_v be_v as_o small_a as_o the_o particle_n of_o fire_n but_o however_o that_o be_v it_o be_v enough_o if_o the_o principle_n of_o simple_a body_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o perfect_a solidity_n natural_o indivisible_a such_o a_o simple_a body_n i_o suppose_v water_n separate_v from_o all_o heterogeneous_a mixture_n to_o be_v and_o consequent_o the_o same_o quantity_n thereof_o that_o be_v at_o first_o create_v do_v still_o remain_v and_o will_v continue_v always_o in_o despite_n of_o all_o natural_a agent_n unless_o it_o please_v the_o omnipotent_a creator_n to_o dissolve_v it_o and_o therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o desiccation_n of_o the_o sea_n unless_o by_o turn_v all_o its_o water_n into_o vapour_n and_o suspend_v it_o in_o the_o air_n which_o to_o do_v what_o a_o immense_a and_o long-continuing_a fire_n will_v be_v requisite_a to_o the_o maintenance_n whereof_o all_o the_o inflammable_a material_n near_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v not_o afford_v fuel_n enough_o the_o sun_n we_o see_v be_v so_o far_o from_o do_v it_o that_o it_o have_v not_o make_v one_o step_n towards_o it_o these_o four_o thousand_o year_n there_o be_v in_o all_o likelihood_n as_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o the_o ocean_n now_o as_o be_v immediate_o after_o the_o flood_n and_o consequent_o there_o will_v probable_o remain_v as_o much_o in_o it_o shall_v the_o world_n last_v four_o thousand_o year_n long_o this_o fixedness_n and_o intransmutability_n of_o principles_n secure_v the_o universe_n from_o dissolution_n by_o the_o prevail_a of_o one_o element_n over_o another_o and_o turn_v it_o into_o its_o own_o nature_n which_o otherwise_o it_o will_v be_v in_o continual_a danger_n of_o it_o secure_v likewise_o the_o perpetuity_n of_o all_o the_o species_n in_o the_o world_n many_o of_o which_o if_o their_o principle_n be_v transmutable_a may_v by_o such_o a_o change_n be_v quite_o lose_v and_o last_o bar_v the_o production_n or_o creation_n of_o any_o new_a species_n as_o in_o the_o forementioned_a treatise_n i_o have_v show_v the_o mention_n of_o these_o principle_n or_o primitive_a simple_a body_n give_v i_o a_o fair_a opportunity_n of_o make_v a_o second_o digression_n to_o discourse_v a_o little_a concern_v the_o primaeve_fw-la chaos_n and_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n a_o digression_n concern_v the_o primitive_a chaos_n and_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n which_o yet_o i_o shall_v not_o have_v do_v have_v i_o not_o be_v
borracio_n this_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o vast_a ridge_n and_o chain_n of_o mountain_n in_o peru_n be_v continual_o water_v when_o the_o great_a plain_n in_o that_o country_n be_v all_o dry_v up_o and_o parch_v this_o hypothesis_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o spring_n from_o vapour_n may_v hold_v better_o in_o those_o hot_a region_n within_o and_o near_o the_o tropic_n where_o the_o exhalation_n from_o the_o sea_n be_v most_o plentiful_a most_o rarify_v and_o rain_v scarce_o than_o in_o the_o temperate_a and_o frigid_a one_o where_o it_o rain_v and_o snow_v general_o on_o the_o vertices_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n yet_o even_o in_o our_o european_a climate_n i_o have_v often_o observe_v the_o fir_n pine_n and_o other_o vegetable_n near_o the_o summit_v of_o the_o alps_o and_o apennines_n to_o drop_v and_o run_v with_o water_n when_o it_o do_v not_o rain_v above_o some_o tree_n more_o than_o other_o according_a to_o the_o density_n and_o smoothness_n of_o their_o leave_n and_o superficies_n whereby_o they_o stop_v and_o condense_a the_o vapour_n more_o or_o less_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v little_a force_n on_o the_o high_a part_n of_o mountain_n the_o interrupt_a vapour_n must_v continual_o moisten_v they_o and_o as_o in_o the_o head_n of_o a_o alembick_a condense_a and_o trickle_v down_o so_o that_o we_o owe_v part_n of_o our_o rain_n spring_n rivers_n and_o conveniency_n of_o life_n to_o the_o operation_n of_o distillation_n and_o circulation_n by_o the_o sun_n the_o sea_n and_o the_o hill_n without_o even_o the_o last_o of_o which_o the_o earth_n will_v scarce_o be_v habitable_a this_o present_a year_n in_o kent_n they_o have_v have_v no_o rain_n since_o march_v last_o therefore_o most_o of_o their_o spring_n be_v dry_a at_o this_o very_a day_n aâ—_n i_o be_o assure_v from_o good_a hand_n the_o high_a spout_v of_o water_n even_o to_o three_o fathom_n perpendiculâ—_n out_o of_o innumerable_a hole_n on_o the_o lake_n zirkniâ—_n in_o carniola_n after_o rains_n on_o the_o adjacent_a hill_n exceed_v the_o spirt_a gip_n or_o natural_a jet_n d'eaâ—_n we_o have_v in_o england_n novemb_n 12._o 1691._o tancred_n robinson_n i_o have_v read_v of_o some_o philosopher_n whâ—_n imagine_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v a_o great_a animal_n anâ—_n that_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n wâ—_n the_o respiration_n of_o it_o and_o now_o methinks_v iâ—_n this_o doctrine_n be_v true_a we_o have_v find_v onâ—_n the_o circulation_n of_o its_o blood_n or_o something_o like_o it_o for_o the_o water_n must_v upon_o this_o supposition_n move_v in_o proportion_n to_o its_o bulâ—_n fast_o through_o the_o vein_n of_o this_o round_a anâ—mal_n than_o the_o blood_n do_v through_o those_o â—_o other_o live_a creature_n but_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o river_n â—_o daily_o carry_v down_o to_o the_o sea_n half_a a_o ocean_n of_o water_n and_o that_o the_o rain_n supply_v all_o thaâ—_n as_o our_o opinion_n be_v and_o see_v what_o we_o can_v infer_v from_o thence_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v grant_v that_o ordinary_o communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la the_o rain_n that_o fall_v in_o a_o whole_a year_n amount_v not_o to_o above_o one_o quarter_n continual_a rain_n now_o if_o this_o suffice_v for_o a_o daily_a effusion_n of_o half_a a_o ocean_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o if_o it_o shall_v rain_v without_o any_o intermission_n all_o the_o year_n round_o the_o river_n will_v pour_v out_o two_o ocean_n into_o the_o sea_n daily_o and_o so_o in_o forty_o day_n continual_a rain_n there_o will_v distil_v down_o upon_o the_o earth_n eighty_o ocean_n of_o water_n a_o prodigious_a quantity_n indeed_o and_o scarce_o credible_a which_o if_o the_o water_n be_v carry_v off_o as_o fast_o as_o it_o come_v on_o infer_v a_o circulation_n of_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n equal_a to_o the_o whole_a ocean_n twice_o in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n suppose_v then_o thar_z so_o much_o water_n daily_o descend_v upon_o the_o earth_n i_o argue_v thus_o the_o water_n fall_v upon_o the_o earth_n must_v have_v some_o time_n to_o run_v down_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o according_a to_o the_o small_a declivity_n of_o the_o continent_n suppose_v the_o mountain_n pare_v off_o and_o the_o land_n level_v a_o considerable_a one_o too_o and_o we_o see_v it_o actual_o have_v so_o that_o the_o flood_n in_o great_a river_n follow_v some_o day_n after_o the_o fall_v of_o rain_n upon_o the_o high_a ground_n and_o so_o though_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o general_a deluge_n the_o water_n hasten_v down_o to_o the_o sea_n as_o fast_o as_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v permit_v yet_o they_o break_v out_o of_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o abyss_n and_o fall_v down_o from_o the_o cloud_n abundant_o fast_a than_o they_o can_v run_v down_o the_o gentle_a declivity_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o deserve_v to_o be_v consider_v whether_o by_o the_o end_n of_o forty_o day_n there_o may_v not_o have_v be_v water_n enough_o amass_v to_o cover_v the_o mountain_n fifteen_o cubit_n high_a and_o yet_o rhe_n scripture_n do_v not_o in_o plain_a term_n say_v that_o ever_o the_o water_n of_o the_o flood_n arise_v fifteen_o cubit_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n as_o mr._n warren_n well_o observe_v moreover_o to_o i_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v clear_o to_o limit_v the_o time_n of_o the_o rain_n descent_n to_o forty_o day_n but_o it_o may_v import_v that_o the_o rain_n have_v continue_v so_o long_o before_o the_o ark_n be_v lift_v up_o above_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o it_o cease_v not_o till_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n be_v over_o for_o so_o long_a the_o water_n be_v say_v to_o have_v prevail_v upon_o the_o earth_n gen._n 7.24_o that_o be_v continue_v and_o increase_v whereas_o have_v the_o rain_n cease_v and_o the_o fountain_n be_v stop_v at_o forty_o dayâ—_n end_n the_o declivity_n of_o the_o land_n will_v in_o aâ—_n likelihood_n have_v sink_v the_o water_n much_o by_o the_o end_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n which_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o do_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o help_n of_o the_o wind_n the_o topâ—_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v not_o see_v till_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o ten_o month_n that_o be_v till_o twâ—_n hundred_o and_o seventy_o day_n be_v pass_v neither_o yet_o do_v the_o mountain_n help_v but_o ratheâ—_n hinder_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n down_o to_o the_o sea_n straighten_v it_o into_o channel_n obstruct_v its_o passage_n and_o force_v it_o to_o take_v circuit_n till_o it_o get_v above_o the_o ridge_n and_o top_n of_o they_o as_o to_o this_o argumentation_n and_o inference_n the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o if_o we_o hold_v that_o the_o water_n circulate_v through_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o suppose_v the_o river_n pour_v forth_o half_a a_o ocean_n daily_o and_o grant_v that_o in_o time_n of_o flood_n their_o stream_n be_v but_o double_a of_o their_o usual_a current_n though_o i_o very_o believe_v they_o be_v more_o than_o quadruple_a and_o that_o the_o effusion_n of_o the_o fountain_n be_v in_o like_a measure_n augment_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o daily_a discharge_n of_o the_o river_n will_v amount_v to_o two_o ocean_n now_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o general_a deluge_n both_o these_o cause_n concur_v for_o there_o be_v a_o constant_a rain_n of_o forty_o eight_o day_n there_o must_v on_o that_o account_n be_v a_o continual_a flood_n and_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o great_a deep_a be_v break_v up_o they_o must_v in_o all_o likelihood_n afford_v as_o much_o water_n as_o the_o rain_n which_o whither_o it_o will_v not_o suffice_v in_o forty_o natural_a day_n to_o produce_v a_o flood_n as_o big_a as_o that_o of_o noah_n notwithstanding_o the_o continual_a descent_n and_o go_v off_o of_o the_o water_n i_o propose_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o ingenious_a especial_o if_o we_o allow_v as_o be_v not_o unreasonable_a to_o suppose_v that_o the_o divine_a providence_n may_v not_o first_o cause_n a_o contrary_a wind_n to_o stop_v and_o inhibit_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n as_o afterward_o he_o raise_v a_o assist_v one_o to_o carry_v they_o off_o i_o have_v but_o one_o thing_n more_o to_o add_v upon_o this_o subject_a that_o be_v that_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o their_o opinion_n can_v be_v true_a who_o hold_v that_o some_o sea_n be_v low_a than_o other_o as_o for_o example_n the_o red_a sea_n than_o the_o mediterranean_a for_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o water_n keep_v its_o level_n that_o be_v hold_v its_o superfice_n every_o where_o equidistant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o gravity_n or_o if_o by_o accident_n one_o part_n be_v low_a the_o rest_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o fluidity_n will_v speedy_o reduce_v the_o superficies_n again_o to_o a_o equality_n the_o water_n of_o all_o sea_n communicate_v
either_o above_o or_o under_o ground_n or_o both_o way_n one_o sea_n can_v be_v high_a or_o low_a than_o another_o but_o suppose_v any_o accident_n shall_v elevate_v or_o depress_v any_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o confluence_n or_o communication_n it_o will_v soon_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o level_a again_o as_o may_v demonstrative_o be_v prove_v but_o i_o return_v to_o tell_v the_o reader_n what_o i_o think_v the_o most_o probable_a of_o all_o the_o cause_n i_o have_v hear_v assign_v of_o the_o deluge_n which_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v at_o that_o time_n change_v and_o set_v near_o to_o the_o centre_n or_o middle_n of_o our_o continent_n whereupon_o the_o atlantic_a &_o pacifick_n ocean_n must_v needs_o press_v upon_o the_o subterraneous_a abyss_n and_o so_o by_o mediation_n thereof_o force_v the_o water_n upward_o and_o at_o last_o compel_v it_o to_o run_v out_o at_o those_o wide_a mouth_n and_o aperture_n make_v by_o the_o divine_a power_n break_v up_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o great_a deep_a and_o we_o may_v suppose_v this_o to_o have_v be_v only_o a_o gentle_a and_o gradual_a emotion_n no_o fast_o than_o that_o the_o water_n run_v out_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n might_n according_o lower_v the_o superficies_n thereof_o sufficient_o so_o that_o none_o need_v run_v over_o the_o sh_n these_o water_n thus_o pour_v out_o from_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o fountain_n upon_o the_o earth_n the_o declivity_n be_v change_v by_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o centre_n can_v not_o flow_v down_o to_o the_o sea_n again_o but_o must_v needs_o stagnate_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o overflow_v it_o and_o afterward_o the_o earth_n return_v to_o its_o old_a centre_n return_v also_o to_o their_o former_a receptacle_n if_o any_o shall_v object_v against_o this_o hypothesis_n because_o by_o it_o the_o flood_n will_v be_v render_v topical_a and_o restrain_v only_o to_o the_o continent_n we_o live_v in_o though_o i_o may_v plead_v the_o unnecessariness_n of_o drown_v america_n it_o be_v in_o all_o probability_n unpeople_v at_o that_o time_n yet_o because_o the_o scripture_n use_v general_a expression_n concern_v the_o extent_n of_o the_o flood_n say_v gen._n 1.19_o and_o all_o the_o high_a hill_n that_o be_v under_o the_o whole_a heaven_n be_v cover_v and_o again_o ver._n 22._o all_o in_o who_o nostril_n be_v the_o breath_n of_o life_n of_o all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o dry_a land_n die_v and_o because_o the_o american_n also_o be_v say_v to_o have_v some_o ancient_a memorial_n tradition_n of_o a_o deluge_n and_o the_o ingenious_a author_n of_o the_o theory_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v by_o a_o moderate_a computation_n demonstrate_v thaâ—_n there_o must_v be_v then_o more_o people_n upon_o the_o earth_n than_o now_o i_o will_v propose_v another_o way_n of_o solve_v this_o phaenomenon_n and_o that_o be_v by_o suppose_v that_o the_o divine_a power_n may_v at_o that_o time_n by_o the_o instrumentality_n of_o some_o natural_a agent_n to_o we_o at_o present_a unknown_a so_o depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o ocean_n as_o to_o force_v the_o water_n of_o the_o abyss_n through_o the_o forementioned_a channel_n and_o aperture_n and_o so_o make_v they_o a_o partial_a and_o concurrent_a cause_n of_o the_o deluge_n that_o there_o be_v at_o some_o time_n in_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n extraordinary_a pressure_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o force_n the_o water_n outward_o upon_o the_o shore_n to_o a_o great_a height_n be_v evident_a we_o have_v upon_o our_o coast_n the_o last_o year_n a_o extraordinary_a tide_n wherein_o the_o water_n rise_v so_o high_a as_o to_o overflow_v all_o the_o sea-bank_n drown_v multitude_n of_o cattle_n and_o fill_v the_o low_a room_n of_o the_o house_n of_o many_o village_n that_o stand_v near_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o save_v themselves_o be_v force_v to_o get_v up_o into_o the_o upper_a room_n and_o garret_n of_o their_o house_n now_o how_o this_o can_v be_v effect_v but_o by_o a_o unusual_a pressure_n upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n i_o can_v well_o conceive_v in_o like_a manner_n that_o the_o divine_a providence_n may_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n so_o order_n and_o dispose_v second_o cause_n as_o to_o make_v so_o strong_a a_o pressure_n upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n as_o to_o force_v they_o up_o to_o a_o height_n sufficient_a to_o overflow_v the_o earth_n be_v no_o way_n unreasonable_a to_o believe_v these_o hypothesis_n i_o propose_v as_o seem_v to_o i_o at_o present_a most_o facile_a and_o consonant_a to_o scripture_n without_o any_o concern_n for_o either_o of_o they_o and_o therefore_o be_o not_o folicitous_a to_o gather_v together_o and_o heap_v up_o argument_n to_o confirm_v they_o or_o to_o answer_v objection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v against_o they_o be_v as_o ready_a to_o relinquish_v they_o upon_o better_a information_n as_o i_o be_v to_o admit_v and_o entertain_v they_o of_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o deluge_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o three_o particular_a propose_v that_o be_v to_o inquire_v concern_v the_o consequent_n of_o the_o deluge_n what_o considerable_a effect_n it_o have_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o inhabitant_n it_o have_v doubtless_o very_o great_a in_o change_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n in_o some_o place_n add_v to_o the_o sea_n in_o some_o take_n from_o it_o make_v island_n of_o peninsulae_n and_o join_v other_o to_o the_o continent_n alter_v the_o bed_n of_o river_n throw_v up_o lesser_a hill_n and_o wash_v away_o other_o etc._n etc._n the_o most_o remarkable_a effect_n it_o be_v likely_a be_v in_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o continent_n because_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n be_v there_o most_o violent_a athanasius_n kircher_n 192_o give_v we_o a_o map_n and_o description_n of_o the_o world_n after_o the_o flood_n show_v what_o change_n be_v make_v therein_o by_o it_o or_o upon_o occasion_n of_o it_o afterward_o as_o he_o fancy_n or_o conjecture_n but_o because_o i_o do_v not_o love_v to_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o uncertain_a conjecture_n i_o shall_v content_v myself_o to_o have_v say_v in_o general_a that_o it_o may_v rational_o be_v suppose_v there_o be_v then_o great_a mutation_n and_o alteration_n make_v in_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o what_o they_o be_v though_o we_o may_v guess_v yet_o can_v we_o have_v no_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o and_o for_o particular_n refer_v the_o curious_a to_o he_o one_o malignant_a effect_n it_o have_v upon_o mankind_n and_o probable_o upon_o other_o animal_n too_o in_o shorten_v their_o age_n or_o the_o duration_n of_o their_o life_n which_o i_o have_v touch_v before_o and_o show_v that_o this_o diminution_n of_o age_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v either_o to_o the_o change_n of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o salubrity_n or_o equality_n sudden_a and_o frequent_a change_n of_o wether_n have_v a_o very_a bad_a influence_n upon_o the_o age_n of_o man_n in_o abbreviate_a of_o it_o as_o i_o can_v easy_o prove_v or_o else_o to_o the_o deteriority_n of_o the_o diet_n or_o to_o both_o these_o cause_n but_o how_o the_o flood_n shall_v induce_v or_o occasion_v such_o a_o change_n in_o the_o air_n and_o production_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o do_v not_o comprehend_v of_o form_v stone_n sea-shell_n and_o othâ—_n marine-like_a body_n find_v at_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o shore_n another_o suppose_a effect_n of_o the_o flooâ—_n be_v a_o bring_v up_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n aâ—â—_n scatter_v all_o the_o earth_n over_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o shell_n and_o shellfish_n there_o bâ—ing_v of_o these_o shell-like_a body_n not_o only_a oâ—_n low_a ground_n and_o hillock_n but_o upon_o tâ—_n high_a mountain_n the_o appeunine_a and_o alpâ—_n themselves_o a_o suppose_a effect_n i_o say_v because_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o agree_v among_o the_o learned_a whâ—ther_o these_o body_n former_o call_v petrify_v shell_n but_o now_o a-days_o pass_v by_o the_o namâ—_n of_o form_a stone_n be_v original_a production_n of_o nature_n form_v in_o imitation_n of_o the_o shell_n of_o fish_n or_o the_o real_a shell_n themselves_o either_o remain_v still_o entire_a and_o uncorrupt_a or_o petrified_a and_o turn_v into_o stone_n or_o at_o least_o stones_z cast_v in_o some_o animal_n mold_n both_o part_n have_v strong_a argument_n and_o patron_n i_o shall_v not_o balance_v authority_n but_o only_o consider_v and_o weigh_v argument_n those_o for_o the_o latter_a part_n wherewith_o i_o shall_v begin_v be_v first_o because_o it_o seem_v contrary_a to_o that_o great_a wisdom_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v observable_a in_o all_o its_o work_n and_o production_n to_o design_n every_o thing_n to_o a_o determinate_a end_n and_o for_o the_o attain_v that_o end_n make_v use_n of_o such_o way_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o
that_o so_o many_o liquor_n impregnate_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o salt_n and_o mineral_n juice_n in_o all_o proportion_n have_v be_v at_o one_o time_n or_o other_o industrious_o or_o accidental_o expose_v to_o crystallize_v and_o let_v stand_v long_o in_o vessel_n there_o shall_v never_o have_v be_v find_v in_o they_o any_o such_o concretion_n for_o if_o any_o have_v happen_v we_o shall_v doubtless_o have_v hear_v of_o they_o and_o the_o observer_n will_v have_v improve_v such_o a_o experiment_n to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o like_a body_n at_o their_o pleasure_n so_o i_o have_v finish_v what_o i_o have_v to_o allege_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o latter_a part_n that_o these_o form_a stone_n be_v sometime_o the_o real_a shell_n or_o bone_n of_o fish_n i_o mean_v the_o figure_a part_n of_o they_o i_o proceed_v now_o to_o set_v down_o what_o may_v be_v object_v against_o this_o opinion_n or_o offer_v in_o assertion_n of_o the_o contrary_a viz._n that_o these_o body_n be_v primitive_a production_n of_o nature_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o shell_n and_o bone_n of_o fish_n against_o the_o former_a opinion_n we_o have_v be_v plead_v for_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o there_o follow_v such_o strange_a and_o seem_o absurd_a consequence_n from_o it_o as_o be_v hardly_o reconcileable_a to_o scripture_n or_o indeed_o to_o sober_a reason_n as_o first_o that_o the_o water_n must_v have_v cover_v the_o whole_a earth_n even_o the_o high_a mountain_n and_o that_o for_o a_o long_a time_n there_o be_v find_v of_o these_o shell_n not_o only_o in_o the_o most_o mountainous_a part_n of_o our_o country_n but_o in_o the_o high_a mountain_n in_o europe_n the_o apennine_n and_o alps_n themselves_o and_o that_o not_o only_o scatter_v but_o amass_v in_o great_a lump_n and_o lie_v thick_a in_o bed_n of_o sand_n as_o we_o have_v before_o show_v now_o this_o can_v hardly_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o short_a deluge_n which_o if_o it_o have_v carry_v any_o shell_n fish_n so_o high_a will_v in_o all_o likelihood_n have_v scatter_v they_o very_o thin_a these_o bed_n and_o lump_n of_o they_o necessary_o infer_v that_o they_o must_v have_v breed_v there_o which_o be_v a_o work_n of_o time_n now_o the_o general_a deluge_n last_v in_o the_o whole_a but_o ten_o month_n and_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v cover_v half_o that_o time_n neither_o be_v it_o less_o repugnant_a to_o reason_n than_o scripture_n for_o if_o the_o water_n stand_v so_o high_a above_o the_o earth_n for_o so_o long_a a_o time_n they_o must_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o confluence_n be_v raise_v as_o high_a above_o the_o sea_n too_o but_o what_o be_v now_o become_v of_o this_o huge_a mass_n of_o water_n equal_a to_o six_o or_o seven_o ocean_n may_v not_o the_o stoic_n here_o set_v in_o and_o help_v we_o out_o at_o a_o dead_a lift_n the_o sun_n and_o moon_n say_v they_o may_v possible_o sup_v it_o all_o up_o yea_o but_o we_o can_v allow_v time_n enough_o for_o that_o for_o according_a to_o the_o moderate_a draught_n they_o take_v now_o a-days_o one_o ocean_n will_v suffice_v to_o water_v they_o many_o age_n unless_o perchance_o when_o they_o be_v young_a and_o hot_a they_o may_v need_v more_o drink_n but_o to_o be_v serious_a i_o have_v no_o way_n to_o answer_v this_o objection_n but_o by_o deny_v that_o there_o be_v any_o bed_n or_o great_a lump_n and_o mass_n of_o these_o form_a stone_n to_o be_v find_v near_o the_o top_n of_o the_o alps_o or_o other_o high_a mountain_n but_o yet_o there_o may_v be_v some_o particular_a shell_n scatter_v there_o by_o the_o general_a deluge_n another_o thing_n there_o be_v as_o difficult_a to_o give_v a_o account_n off_o as_o of_o the_o shell_n get_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n that_o be_v of_o those_o several_a bed_n or_o floor_n of_o earth_n and_o sand_n etc._n etc._n one_o above_o another_o which_o be_v observe_v in_o break_a mountain_n for_o one_o can_v easy_o imagine_v whence_o these_o floor_n oâ—_n bed_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o strata_fw-la super_fw-la strata_fw-la as_o the_o chemist_n speak_v shall_v come_v but_o from_o the_o sediment_n of_o great_a flood_n which_o how_o or_o whence_o they_o can_v bring_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o earth_n down_o when_o there_o be_v but_o little_a land_n above_o the_o sea_n i_o can_v see_v and_o one_o will_v likewise_o be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o such_o a_o bed_n of_o sand_n with_o plenty_n of_o cockle-shell_n intermix_v as_o we_o mention_v before_o in_o the_o mountain_n near_o bononia_n in_o italy_n must_v have_v be_v sometime_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o before_o one_o can_v give_v a_o right_a judgement_n of_o these_o thing_n one_o must_v view_v the_o mountain_n where_o such_o layer_n and_o bed_n of_o earth_n and_o shell_n be_v find_v for_o perchance_o they_o may_v not_o be_v elevate_v so_o high_a above_o the_o present_a surface_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o one_o will_v judge_v by_o the_o description_n of_o they_o second_o it_o will_v hence_o follow_v that_o many_o species_n of_o shellfish_n be_v lose_v out_o of_o the_o world_n which_o philosopher_n hitherto_o have_v be_v unwilling_a to_o admit_v esteem_v the_o destruction_n of_o any_o one_o species_n a_o dismember_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o render_v it_o imperfect_a whereas_o they_o think_v the_o divine_a providence_n be_v especial_o concern_v to_o secure_v and_o preserve_v the_o work_n of_o the_o creation_n and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o appear_v in_o that_o it_o be_v so_o careful_a to_o lodge_v all_o land-animal_n in_o the_o ark_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o general_a deluge_n the_o consequence_n be_v prove_v in_o that_o among_o these_o petrified_a shell_n there_o be_v many_o sort_n observe_v which_o be_v not_o at_o this_o day_n that_o we_o know_v of_o any_o where_o to_o be_v find_v such_o be_v a_o whole_a genus_fw-la of_o cornua_fw-la ammonis_fw-la which_o some_o have_v suppose_v to_o be_v nautili_n though_o to_o i_o they_o do_v not_o seem_v so_o to_o be_v but_o a_o different_a genus_fw-la by_o themselves_o of_o which_o there_o have_v not_o any_o be_v see_v either_o cast_v a_o shore_n or_o rake_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n at_o any_o time_n that_o ever_o i_o hear_v of_o nay_o my_o very_a learned_a and_o honour_a friend_n dr._n lister_n proceed_v further_a and_o say_v that_o when_o he_o particular_o examine_v some_o of_o our_o english_a shore_n for_o shell_n as_o also_o the_o fresh_a water_n and_o the_o field_n that_o he_o do_v never_o meet_v with_o any_o one_o of_o those_o species_n of_o shell_n find_v at_o adderton_n in_o yorkshire_n wansford_n bridge_n in_o northamptonshire_n and_o about_o gunthorp_n and_o beauvoir-castle_n etc._n etc._n any_o where_o else_o but_o in_o their_o respective_a quarry_n what_o can_v we_o say_v to_o this_o why_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o many_o sort_n of_o shellfish_n may_v be_v lodge_v so_o deep_a in_o the_o sea_n or_o on_o rock_n so_o remote_a from_o the_o shore_n that_o they_o may_v never_o come_v to_o our_o sight_n three_o it_o follow_v also_o that_o there_o have_v be_v shell_n fish_n in_o these_o cold_a northern_a sea_n of_o great_a bulk_n and_o dimension_n than_o any_o now_o live_v i_o do_v not_o say_v in_o these_o but_o in_o the_o most_o southern_o and_o indian_a viz._n cornua_fw-la ammonis_fw-la of_o two_o foot_n diameter_n and_o of_o thickness_n answerable_a to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o there_o be_v no_o petrified_a shell_n that_o do_v in_o bigness_n much_o exceed_v those_o of_o the_o natural_a shell_n fish_v find_v in_o our_o sea_n save_o the_o cornua_fw-la ammonis_fw-la only_o which_o i_o suspect_v to_o have_v never_o be_v nor_o have_v any_o relation_n to_o any_o shell_n of_o fish_n or_o to_o imitate_v or_o resemble_v they_o at_o least_o some_o of_o they_o as_o for_o the_o nautili_n they_o be_v much_o different_a from_o they_o for_o the_o nautili_n at_o least_o all_o the_o species_n of_o they_o know_v to_o we_o be_v as_o dr._n plot_n well_o observe_v extravagant_o broad_a at_o the_o mouth_n and_o have_v not_o more_o than_o two_o other_o small_a turn_n at_o the_o most_o whereas_o the_o turn_n of_o the_o ophiomorphites_n be_v proportionable_a one_o to_o another_o and_o in_o number_n many_o time_n four_o or_o five_o and_o sometime_o six_o if_o we_o may_v believe_v aldrovand_n and_o there_o be_v nautili_fw-la lapidei_fw-la which_o do_v as_o near_o resemble_v the_o nautilus_n shell_n as_o any_o other_o cochlite_n do_v their_o respective_a prototype_n as_o mr._n lloyd_n assure_v i_o he_o have_v observe_v many_o in_o museum_n and_o the_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a mr._n richard_n waller_n then_o secretary_n to_o the_o royal_a society_n in_o a_o letter_n to_o i_o date_v feb._n 4._o 87._o write_v that_o he_o have_v be_v late_o at_o keinsham_n in_o sommersetshire_n