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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	work_n	world_n	year_n	91	3	4.4347	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16286	A briefe description of the whole world Wherein is particularly described all the monarchies, empires and kingdomes of the same, with their academies. As also their severall titles and situations thereunto adioyning. Written by the most Reverend Father in God, George, late Arch-bishop of Canterbury.	Abbot, George, 1562-1633.; Marshall, William, fl. 1617-1650, lengraver.	1636 (1636)	STC 32; ESTC S115786	116,815	362

Marcellinus doth observe that there was never any or almost hath ever beene but that once in the day the Sunne hath beene ever seene to shine over Alexandria This Citie was one of the foure Patriarchall Seas which were appointed in the first Nicene Councell Good Lawes made by the Kings of Egypt This Countrey was governed by a King as long agoe as almost any Countrey in the World Here raigned Amasis who made those good Lawes spoken of by Herodotus and Diodorus Siculus in whose writings the ancient customes of the Aegyptians are worthy to be read After Alexanders time Ptolomeus one of his Captaines had this Kingdome of whom all his successors were called Ptolemies as before time all their Kings were called Pharaohs they continued long friends and in league with the people of Rome till the time of Iulius Caesar but afterward they were as subjects to the Romanes til● the Empire did decay When they had withdrawne themselves from the Romanes governement they set up a Prince of their owne whom they termed the Sultan or Souldan of Aegypt of whom about 400. yeares since Saladine was one But when the race of these were out the Mamalukes who were the guard of the Sultane as the Ianisaries be to the Turk appointed a Prince at their pleasure till that now about an 100. yeares agoe or lesse the Turke Selimus possessed himselfe with the sole government of the Countrey so that at this day Aegypt is wholly under the Turke There bee Christians that now live in Aegypt paying their tribute unto the Turke as others doe now also in Gracia Aeneas Silvius doth report in his History De mundo universo cap. 60. that divers did goe about to digge through that little Istmos or Strait which at the top of the Red Sea doth joyne Aegypt to some part either of Arabia or of the Holy Land imagining the labour not to bee great in as much as they conceived the space of ground to be no more than 1500 furlongs Sesostris the King of Aegypt as he saith did first attempt this Secondly Darius the great Monarch of the Persians Thirdly Ptolomy one of the Kings of Aegypt who drew a ditch a hundred foot broad thirty foot deepe and thirty seven Miles and a halfe long but when hee intended to goe forward hee was forced to cease for feare of inundation and over-flowing the whole land of Aegypt the Red Sea being found to bee higher by three Cubites than the ordinary plaine of Aegypt was But Plinie affirmeth that the digging was given over lest the Sea being let in should marre the water of Nilus which alone doth yeeld drinke to the Aegyptians Pet. Maffaeus in his Indian story doth tell that there was a Portugall also that of late yeares had a conceit to have had this worke finished that so hee might have made the third part of the old knowne world Africa to have beene an Iland compassed round with the Sea Men commonly in the description of Aegypt doe report that whole Country to stand in Africke but if wee will speake exactly and repute Nilus to bee the bound betweene Asia and Africke we must then acknowledge that the Eastern part of Aegypt from Nilus and so forward to the Red Sea doth lye in Asia which is observed by Peter Martyr in that pretty Treatise of his De legatione Babylonica Although this Countrey of Aegypt doth stand in the selfe same Climate that Mauritania doth yet the inhabitants there are not black but rather dunne or tawny Of which colour Cleopatra was observed to be who by inticement so wonne the love of Julius Caesar and Antony And of that colour doe those runnagates by devices make themselves to be who goe up and downe the world under the name of Aegyptians being indeed but counterfeits and the refuse or rascality of many Nations Of Cyrene and Africke the lesse ON the West side of Aegypt lying along the Mediterranean The Countrey of Cyrene is a Country which was called in old time Cyrene wherein did stand that Oracle which was so famous in the time of Alexander the Great called by the name of the Temple or Oracle of Jupiter Hammon whither when Alexander did repaire as to take counsell of himselfe and his successe the Priests being before taught what they should say did flatteringly professe him to bee the Sonne of God and that he was to be adored So that as the Oracle of Delphos and some other were plaine delusions of Sathan who did raigne in that darke time of ignorance so this of Iupiter Hammon may be well supposed to be nothing else but a cousenage of the Priests In this Countrey and all neere about where the Oracle stood are very great Wildernesses where did appear to Alexander for foure daies journey neither Grasse Tree Water Man Bird nor Beast but onely a deepe kinde of sand so that hee was enforced to carry water with him for himselfe and his company and all other provision on Cammels backs At this day this Countrey hath lost his old name and is reckoned as a part of Aegypt and lyeth under the Turke In dry Countries as in Africa and the Wildernesse of Arabia they have much use of Cammels First because they can carry a huge burthen of water and other provision Secondly because that themselves will goe a long time without drinke travelling as Solinus writeth foure dayes together without it but then drinking excessively and that especially of muddy and puddle water And thirdly because that in an extremity those that travell with them doe let them bloud in a veine and sucke out the bloud whereby as the owner is much relieved so the Camell is little the worse Westward from this Countrey along the Mediterranean lieth that which in ancient time was called Africa minor for as in Asia one part above another was by an excellency called Asia or Asia the lesse so this part of Africke was termed by the Romanes sometimes Africa simply sometime Africa the lesse In this Countrey did stand that place so famous mentioned by Salust under the name of Phillenorum arae which was the bound in that time betweene Africke and Cyrene On the North and East part hereof in the Sea neere unto the shore was that Quick-sand which in times past did destroy so many ships and was called Syrtis magna as also on the North and West part was the other sand called Syrtis parva Some part of this Countrey was heretofore under the Sultan of Egypt whose dominion did extend it self so farre to the West and there was diuided from the Kingdome of Tunis but it is now wholly under the Turk and is commonly reputed as a part of Barbary For now by a generall name from the confines of Cyrene unto the West as farre as Hercules Piller is called Barbary though it containe in it divers Kingdomes as Tunis Fessa and Morocco Of Mauritania Caesariensi A Part of that country which by a generall name is called at this day

Russians doe hold that so holy a thing as that is highly prophaned if any resemblance of it be worne but above the girdle Possevinus in a treatise written of his Embassage into that Countrey where hee discourseth this whole matter Possevinus feare of the Emperour confesseth that hee was much afraid lest the Emperour would have strucken him and beaten out his braines with a shrewd staffe which then hee had in his hands did ordinarily carry with him and he had the more reason so to feare because that Prince was such a tyrant that he had not onely slaine and with cruell torture put to death very many of his subjects and Nobility before shewing himselfe more brutishly cruel to them than ever Nero and Caligula were among the Romans but he had with his owne hands and with the same staffe upon a small occasion of anger killed his eldest sonne who should have succeeded him in his whole Empire The people of this countrey are rude and unlearned Chiefe people rude and unlearned so that there is very little or no knowledge amongst them of any liberall or ingenuous Art yea their very Priests Monks wherof they have many are almost unlettered so that they can hardly do any thing more than reade their ordinary service And the rest of the people are by reason of their ignorant education dull and uncapable of any high understanding but very superstitious having many ceremonies and Idolatrous Solemnities as the consecrating of their Rivers by their Patriarch at one time of the yeare when they thinke themselves much sanctified by the receiving of those hallowed waters yea and they bathe their Horses and Cattell in them and also the burying of most of their people with a paire of Shooes on their feet as supposing that they have a long journey to goe and a letter in their hand to S. Nicholas whom they reverence as a speciall Saint and thinke that he may give them entertainement for their readier admission into heaven The Muscovites generally have received the Christian Faith but yet so that rather they doe hold of the Greeke Difference betweene the Greeke and Latin Church and the Easterne then of the Westerne Roman Church The doctrines wherin the Greek Church differs from the Latine are these First they hold that the holy Ghost proceeds from the Father alone and not from the Sonne Secondly that the Bishop of Rome is not the universall Bishop Thirdly that there is no Purgation Fourthly their Priests doe marry and fiftly they doe differ in divers of their ceremonies as in having foure Lents in the yeere whereof they doe call our Lent their great Lent At the time of the Councell of Florence There was some shew made by the Agents of the Greeke Church that they would have joyned in opinion with the Latines but when they returned home their Countrey-men would in no sort assent thereunto In the Northerne parts of the dominion of the Emperour of Russia which have lately been joyned unto his territories as specially Lapland Biarmia and thereabouts The people of Lapland very heathenish there are people so rude and heathenish that as Olaus Magnus writeth of them looke whatsoever living thing they doe see in the morning at their going out of their doors yea if it be a Bird or a worm or some such other creeping thing they doe yeeld a divine Worship Reverence thereunto for all that day as if it were some inferiour God Damianus a Goes hath written a pretty Treatise describing the manners of those Lappians The greatest part of the Country of Russia is in the winter so exceeding cold The extraordnary sharpnesse of the weather in winter that both the Rivers are frozen over the Land covered with snow and such is the sharpenesse of the Ayre that if any goe abroad bare faced it causeth their flesh in a short time to rot which befalleth to the fingers and toes of divers of them therefore for a great part of winter they live in Stoues and Hot-houses and if they be occasioned to goe abroad they use many Furs whereof there is great plenty in that Country as also wood to make fire but yet in the summer time the face of the soyle the ayre is very strangely altered insomuch that the Country seemeth hot the Birds sing very merrily the trees grasse corn in a short space do appeare so cheerfully greene and pleasant that it is scant to be beleeved but of them which have seene it Their building is most of wood even in their chiefe citie of Mosco Their buildings of wood insomuch that the Tartars who lie in the North-east of them breaking oft into their countries even unto the very Mosco doe set fire on their Cities which by reason of their woodden buildings are quickly destroyed Their government The maner of government which of late yeers hath bin used in Russia is very barbarous little lesse than tyrannous for the Emperour that last was did suffer his people to be kept in great servility permitted the Rulers chiefe Officers at their pleasures to pill ransack the common sort but to no other end but that himselfe might take occasion when he thought good to call thē in question for their misdemeanor and so fill his own coffers with fleecing of them which was the same course the old Roman Emperor did use calling the deputies of the Provinces by the name of Spunges whose property is to sucke up water but when it is full then it selfe is crushed and yeeldeth forth liquor for the behalfe of another The passage by Sea into this country The passage by Sea into this country which was wont to be through the Sound and so afterward by land was first discovered by the English who with great danger of the frozen seas did first adventure to sayle so far North as to compasse Lapland Finmark Scricfinia Biarmia and so passing to the East by Noua Zembla half the way almost to Cathaio have entred the River called Ob by which they disperse themselves for merchandize both by water and land into the most parts of the Dominion of the Emperour of Russia The first attempt The first attempt which was made by the English for the entrance of Moscovia by the North Seas was in the dayes of King Edw. the 6. at which time the Merchants of London procuring leave of the King did send forth Sir Hugh Willoby with shipping and men who went so far toward the North that he coasted the corner of Scricfinia Biarmia and so turned toward the East but the weather proved so extream the snowing so great the freezing of the water so vehement that his ship was set fast in the Ice and there he his people were frozen to death and the next yeer some other comming from England found both the Ship and their bodies in it a perfect remembrance in writing of all things which they

Country which is called * A description of the people of Peru. Peru wherein the people are for the most part very barbarous and without God men of great stature yea some of them farre higher than the ordinary sort of men in Europe using to shoot strongly with Bows made of Fish-bones and most cruell people to their enemies Our English people who have travailed that way do in their writings confesse that they saw upon the South of Peru very huge tall men who attempting upon them when they put to land for fresh water were much frighted with their Gunnes or else doubtlesse had offered violence unto them which our men fearing got them away as speedily as they could There was one Petrus de Cieca a Spaniard who when he had travailed two and twenty yeeres returned backe againe into Europe and wrote an excellent Booke of the Discovery of that whole Country And he amongst other things doth record that there are found in some parts of Peru very huge and mighty bones of men that had bin Gyants who dwelt and were buried there * The Riches of the Countrey of Peru. Amongst these the Spaniards partly by force but especially by perfidious treason did get infinite sums of Gold and Pearles wherewith being allured they hoped for more by reason that a great part therof lyeth under the Zona Torrida and that caused them to spread themselves here and there as farre as they durst in the Country where in some places they digged Gold out of the Earth and in some other they found it ready digged and tryed unto their hands by the people of the Country which had used that trade before their comming thither Among other creatures which are very famous in this Peru there is a little * A strange story of the Beast Cincia beast called Cincia which is no bigger then a Fox the tayle whereof is long the feet short and the head very like a Fox which hath a bagge hanging under her belly whereinto shee doth use to put her young when shee seeth them in danger of any hunter or passenger That Petrus de Cieca of whom mention was made before telleth that himselfe saw one of them which had no lesse then seven yong ones lying about her but as soone as she perceived that a man was comming neere unto her shee presently got them into her bagge and ranne away with such incredible swiftnesse as one would not have imagined After the Spaniards had conquered Mexico they discovered Peru travelling towards the South and as they prevailed against the Mexicans taking part with an enemy Neighbour so finding two brothers striving in Peru Guascar and Atabaliba they so demeaned themselves in their difference that they ruin'd both and got there incredible store of Gold The first attempters against the Peruvians The first that attempted against the Peruvians and destroyed their Kings were Iames of Almagra and the two brothers of Pizarroes but dealing trecherously cruelly with the Peruvians the long enjoyed not their victory but all of them died a violent death The people of Peru are in many places much wiser than those of Cuba Hispaniola and some other parts of the Continent where the Spaniards first landed and therfore they have some orders and solemne customes among them as among the rest they doe bury their dead with observable Ceremonies laying up their bodies with great solemnity into a large house prepared for that purpose They have also in one Province there a custome of carrying of news and messages very speedily to the end the King and Governour of the Country may presently take advertisement of any thing which falleth out and this is not on Horse-backe or by the Dromedary or Elke as they use in other places but onely men who passe over Rockes and thorow Bushes the next way and in certain set places there be always fresh Postes to carry that farther which is brought to them by the other The Spaniards have here and there scatteringly upon the Sea-coasts set up some Towns and Castles but are not able to possesse almost any thing of the Land neither have they as yet discovered the inward parts thereof though daily they spread themselves more and more in so much that it is supposed that within these seven yeares last past they have gotten into Guiana where in former time no strength of that Nation hath bin * Guiana Guiana is a Countrey which lyeth to the North-sea in the same height as Peru to the South as it is described about five degrees from the Aequinoctiall and that as I take it towards the South * The richnesse and pleasantnes of the Countrey The Countrey is supposed to be exceeding rich and to haue in it many Mynes of Gold which have not yet been touched or at least but very lately and to be exceeding fertile and delightfull otherwise although it lie in the heate of Zona Torrida but there is such store of Rivers and fresh waters in every part thereof and the soyle it selfe hath such correspondency thereunto that it is reported to be as green and pleasant to the eye as any place in the World Some of our Englishmen did with great labour and danger passe by water into the heart of the Country and earnestly desired that some forces of the English might be sent thither and a Colony erected there by reason of the distance of the place and the great hazard that if it should not succeed well it might proove dishonourable to our Nation and withall because the Spaniards have great companies and strength although not in it yet many waies about it that intendment was discontinued In divers parts of this Peru and neere unto Guiana there are very many great rivers which as they are fit for any navigation that should be attempted to goe up within the Land so otherwise they must needs yeeld health and fruitfulnesse to those that inhabite there The greatest of these Rivers is that which some call Oregliana or the * The River of the Amazones river of the Amazones And next is the river Maragnone down towards Magellane straits Rio de la Plata and our Englishmen doe speake of the river Orinoque In the greatest of which this is famous that for a good space after they have run into the maine sea yea some write 20. or 30. miles they keepe themselves unmixt with the salt water so that a very great way within the Sea men may take up as fresh water as if they were neere the Land The first of our Nation that sailed to Guiana and made report thereof unto us Sir Walter Raleigh did first discover it to the English was Sir Walter Raleigh who travelled far up into the Country upon the River Orinoque after him one or two voyages thither did Captaine Kemmish make and now lately Captain Harcourt with others have visited that Country where our men continued the space of three or foure yeares