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water_n wood_n year_n young_a 29 3 5.3654 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A26235 A treatise of fruit trees shewing the manner of planting, grafting, pruning, and ordering of them in all respects according to rules of experience gathered in the space of thirty seven years : whereunto is annexed observations upon Sr. Fran. Bacons Natural history, as it concerns fruit-trees, fruits and flowers : also, directions for planting of wood for building, fuel, and other uses, whereby the value of lands may be much improved in a short time with small cost and little labour / by Ra. Austen. Austen, Ralph, d. 1676. 1665 (1665) Wing A4240; ESTC R29129 167,009 399

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other_o wall-tree_n they_o prune_v off_o most_o of_o the_o fresh_a young_a branch_n of_o the_o last_o year_n shoot_v and_o preserve_v the_o old_a and_o big_a branch_n suffer_v they_o to_o run_v up_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o wall_n without_o or_o with_o very_a few_o small_a twig_n or_o branch_n whereas_o they_o shall_v still_o from_o year_n to_o year_n preserve_v the_o small_a shoot_n nail_v they_o up_o to_o the_o wall_n yearly_a all_o or_o most_o from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o tree_n to_o the_o top_n and_o leave_v no_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n void_a of_o branch_n and_o cause_n the_o branch_n to_o spread_v along_o the_o side_n of_o the_o wall_n both_o way_n and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o run_v upward_o too_o much_o another_o error_n among_o some_o be_v this_o remove_v they_o graft_v young_a plant_n that_o come_v of_o seed_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v sow_v before_o they_o have_v be_v remove_v whereby_o they_o will_v get_v good_a root_n and_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o such_o thrust_v down_o a_o single_a root_n or_o two_o common_o into_o clay_n gravel_n or_o moist_a ground_n etc._n etc._n which_o root_n or_o root_n draw_v bad_a nourishment_n below_o the_o good_a soil_n and_o thereby_o hurt_v the_o tree_n and_o fruit_n and_o in_o case_n any_o of_o they_o be_v remove_v afterward_o be_v graft_v they_o want_v good_a root_n for_o that_o they_o be_v never_o remove_v be_v young_a to_o get_v good_a root_n see_v how_o to_o order_v they_o pag._n 83._o another_o be_v this_o plant_n some_o also_o when_o they_o transplant_v young_a tree_n they_o usual_a set_v they_o with_o all_o their_o root_n whereas_o the_o root_n of_o all_o tree_n transplant_v aught_o to_o be_v prune_v see_v how_o pag._n 83._o another_o error_n be_v this_o many_o break_v off_o all_o the_o bud_n upon_o the_o stock_n that_o be_v engraft_v grow_v before_o the_o graft_n put_v forth_o which_o endanger_v both_o stock_n and_o graft_n for_o bud_n upon_o the_o stock_n shall_v be_v let_v 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graft_a graft_v wherein_o we_o must_v consider_v the_o time_n february_n and_o march_n usual_o with_o most_o be_v the_o two_o chief_n month_n for_o graft_v but_o we_o may_v begin_v soon_o and_o its_o best_a so_o to_o do_v especial_o with_o cherry_n and_o plum_n graft_v if_o the_o weather_n be_v open_a without_o frost_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o january_n or_o in_o december_n yea_o i_o have_v graft_v some_o with_o good_a success_n in_o november_n and_o soon_o but_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o january_n we_o may_v begin_v if_o frost_n hinder_v not_o and_o such_o as_o have_v multitude_n to_o engraft_v must_v needs_o begin_v early_o else_o they_o will_v want_v time_n graft_n of_o cherry_n and_o plum-tree_n must_v be_v graft_v soon_o because_o they_o bud_v soon_o and_o begin_v with_o they_o ere_o they_o begin_v to_o bud_v forth_o and_o then_o with_o pear-tree_n and_o appletree_n graft_n of_o any_o kind_n may_v be_v get_v and_o keep_v many_o day_n graf●s_n or_o many_o week_n the_o one_o half_a in_o length_n be_v cover_v with_o mould_n bind_v not_o many_o together_o for_o if_o so_o those_o in_o the_o middle_n will_v dry_v and_o be_v spoil_v in_o certain_a day_n but_o lay_v they_o thin_a in_o the_o mould_n or_o they_o may_v be_v graft_v immediate_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v get_v graft_v none_o but_o those_o of_o one_o year_n growth_n only_o the_o last_o year_n sprout_v the_o fair_a and_o thick_a be_v best_a they_o may_v be_v carry_v many_o mile_n be_v bind_v up_o close_o from_o end_n to_o end_v in_o a_o hayband_n or_o better_a in_o a_o box_n of_o mould_n or_o their_o end_n stick_v in_o clay_n and_o wrap_v about_o that_o they_o bruise_v not_o graft_v that_o this_o work_n
to_o any_o other_o part_n and_o so_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o moisture_n about_o it_o break_v forth_o into_o some_o small_a root_n in_o some_o kind_n of_o tree_n or_o into_o some_o roughness_n and_o small_a knub_n like_o root_n but_o this_o can_v be_v cause_v by_o descension_n of_o sap_n if_o any_o be_v for_o such_o as_o hold_v descension_n of_o sap_n pretend_v not_o to_o it_o until_o autu●●e_v or_o about_o the_o end_n of_o september_n now_o these_o root_n be_v make_v long_o before_o that_o time_n in_o long_o summer_n by_o the_o rise_n up_o of_o sap_n as_o be_v say_v especial_o if_o the_o bough_n be_v disbark_v in_o may._n can_v the_o effect_n be_v before_o the_o cause_n can_v root_n be_v make_v in_o summer_n by_o sap_n that_o descend_v in_o autumn_n if_o any_o such_o thing_n be_v so_o that_o this_o argument_n for_o descension_n of_o sap_n be_v of_o no_o weight_n but_o be_v weak_a and_o childish_a the_o three_o argument_n against_o descension_n and_o also_o circulation_n of_o sap_n it_o be_v contrary_a to_o its_o nature_n as_o concern_v circulation_n of_o sap_n in_o summer_n which_o some_o also_o hold_v i_o apprehend_v no_o more_o ground_n for_o that_o then_o for_o descension_n in_o autumn_n for_o as_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n to_o work_v such_o a_o effect_n so_o neither_o be_v it_o natural_a to_o sap_n to_o have_v such_o a_o motion_n of_o itself_o for_o plants●n_n ●n_z some_o sort_n like_o a_o thin_a airy_a vapour_n from_o some_o moist_a substance_n partly_o cause_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n sun_n the_o sun_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o rise_n up_o of_o sap_n though_o also_o and_o principal_o the_o vegetative_a spirit_n excite_v by_o th'sun_n carry_v it_o up_o and_o disperse_v it_o to_o all_o the_o part_n for_o nourishment_n and_o growth_n now_o we_o know_v there_o be_v no_o descend_v of_o vapour_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o ascend_v vapour_n come_v not_o down_o again_o to_o the_o earth_n until_o they_o be_v condense_v and_o thicken_v into_o rain_n snow_n hail_o etc._n etc._n when_o they_o be_v become_v a_o ponderous_a and_o weighty_a substance_n than_o they_o natural_o tend_v downward_o not_o while_o they_o be_v a_o leight_n airy_a substance_n so_o be_v it_o concern_v sap_n in_o tree_n it_o ascend_v partly_o by_o attraction_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o native_a spirit_n as_o a_o thin_a airy_a substance_n subtle_a light_a spirituous_a as_o well_o through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o wood_n as_o between_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o wood_n where_o it_o rise_v more_o plentiful_o and_o be_v more_o condense_a now_o while_o it_o be_v thus_o light_a and_o vaporous_a it_o can_v neither_o descend_v nor_o circulate_v for_o every_o leight_n body_n as_o flame_n air_n smoke_n vapour_n etc._n etc._n ascend_v upward_o omne_fw-la leave_n sursum_fw-la and_o can_v descend_v or_o fall_v downward_o no_o more_o than_o a_o heavy_a thing_n as_o such_o can_v rise_v or_o ascend_v upward_o by_o its_o own_o natural_a motion_n indeed_o when_o sap_n be_v turn_v into_o wood_n leaves_z bud_n blossom_n and_o fruit_n these_o thing_n have_v some_o ponderosity_n or_o weight_n in_o they_o and_o so_o natural_o descend_v omne_fw-la grave_n deorsum_fw-la as_o air_n and_o vapour_n be_v condense_v and_o become_v water_n in_o the_o cloud_n do_v natural_o fall_v downward_o but_o whatsoever_o be_v a_o thin_a aerious_a light_a body_n ascend_v upward_o and_o can_v as_o such_o neither_o descend_v nor_o condense_v circulate_v and_o such_o a_o substance_n be_v sap_n in_o tree_n four_o the_o appetite_n of_o the_o spirit_n in_o all_o vegetable_n be_v upward_o there_o be_v a_o innate_a spirit_n in_o tree_n and_o all_o vegetable_n sap._n which_o some_o call_v the_o soul_n of_o plant_n yea_o in_o all_o body_n animate_v and_o inanimate_a this_o sir_n fran._n bacon_n have_v abundant_o set_v forth_o this_o spirit_n as_o he_o show_v be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o compound_n of_o flame_n and_o air_n be_v of_o a_o flammeous_a and_o aerious_a nature_n now_o this_o be_v the_o vehicle_n or_o mean_n of_o conveyance_n of_o the_o sap_n unto_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n every_o twig_n and_o bud_n of_o it_o its_o appetite_n be_v upward_o because_o it_o be_v a_o light_a body_n and_o all_o light_a thing_n natural_o ascend_v upward_o 387._o as_o be_v say_v and_o not_o downward_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o observe_v a_o law_n in_o nature_n in_o avoid_v a_o vacuum_n at_o any_o time_n the_o great_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n there_o be_v in_o any_o creature_n the_o leight_a it_o be_v either_o animate_v or_o inanimate_a especial_o if_o it_o be_v the_o lively_a spirit_n if_o it_o be_v say_v this_o spirit_n in_o tree_n exert_n itself_o downward_o in_o the_o root_n as_o well_o as_o upward_o it_o be_v true_a so_o much_o and_o so_o far_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v a_o foundation_n to_o support_v the_o body_n and_o branch_n and_o to_o draw_v nourishment_n for_o feed_v &_o increase_v thereof_o which_o it_o do_v but_o only_o in_o a_o subserviency_n to_o the_o body_n and_o branch_n and_o though_o the_o root_n spread_v wide_a yet_o depth_n be_v but_o little_a to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o tree_n the_o root_n spread_v and_o run_v as_o near_o the_o superficies_n and_o top_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o may_v be_v as_o have_v still_o a_o appetite_n upward_o as_o near_o the_o sun_n as_o may_v be_v and_o all_o the_o sap_n and_o moisture_n which_o this_o spirit_n carry_v upward_o which_o be_v by_o far_o the_o great_a part_n it_o never_o carry_v down_o again_o be_v against_o its_o nature_n to_o descend_v as_o it_o be_v a_o leight_n body_n the_o five_o argument_n and_o further_o as_o another_o argument_n from_o experience_n and_o that_o which_o be_v obvious_a to_o our_o very_a sense_n we_o see_v and_o know_v that_o when_o we_o bend_v down_o a_o bough_n of_o a_o tree_n upon_o a_o wall_n towards_o the_o ground_n to_o cause_v it_o to_o grow_v and_o spread_v as_o near_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o wall_n as_o may_v be_v we_o find_v i_o say_v how_o poor_o such_o bough_n do_v grow_v shoot_v forth_o but_o a_o very_a little_a and_o sometime_o a_o part_n die_v and_o sometime_o all_o and_o this_o show_v it_o against_o the_o nature_n of_o sap_n to_o descend_v or_o circulate_v for_o otherwise_o why_o be_v not_o such_o bough_n so_o bend_v downward_o as_o plentiful_o feed_v with_o sap_n as_o those_o that_o grow_v straight_o up_o or_o straight_o out_o and_o not_o so_o much_o bow_v as_o the_o other_o so_o it_o be_v in_o plash_v hedge_n if_o bough_n be_v lay_v too_o low_a they_o die_v or_o grow_v poor_o but_o we_o see_v the_o sap_n press_v upward_o with_o vigour_n and_o violence_n the_o bough_n and_o branch_n that_o grow_v upward_o shoot_v forth_o strong_o and_o be_v full_o feed_v but_o such_o as_o bow_v down_o low_a be_v almost_o starve_v so_o that_o its_o plain_a its_z as_o much_o against_o the_o nature_n of_o sap_n to_o descend_v or_o to_o circulate_v as_o it_o be_v for_o water_n to_o ascend_v which_o yet_o we_o know_v by_o art_n may_v be_v make_v to_o ascend_v in_o pipe_n from_o below_o as_o high_a as_o the_o fountain_n or_o spring_n but_o no_o high_o for_o its_o natural_a motion_n be_v to_o descend_v so_o sap_n though_o its_o natural_a motion_n be_v upward_o yet_o by_o art_n be_v ascend_v up_o into_o a_o branch_n it_o may_v be_v somewhat_o force_v downward_o and_o yet_o very_a hardly_o slow_o and_o weak_o although_o to_o the_o nourishment_n &_o keep_v life_n in_o any_o of_o its_o part_n or_o branch_n so_o bow_v down_o which_o plain_o show_v how_o much_o against_o its_o nature_n this_o motion_n of_o descension_n or_o that_o of_o circulation_n be_v the_o six_o argument_n against_o descension_n of_o sap._n and_o last_o to_o prove_v this_o more_o full_o and_o clear_o by_o a_o plain_a undeniable_a argument_n if_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a ascension_n of_o sap_n in_o tree_n than_o there_o be_v no_o descension_n but_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a ascension_n therefore_o no_o descension_n to_o prove_v the_o minor_a proposition_n that_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a ascension_n of_o sap_n in_o tree_n the_o sun_n and_o aire_n continual_o draw_v sap_n and_o moisture_n out_o of_o tree_n and_o other_o vegetable_n d._n as_o the_o lord_n bacon_n and_o other_o conclude_v and_o as_o may_v be_v make_v appear_v by_o reason_n and_o experience_n we_o know_v if_o branch_n and_o twig_n of_o tree_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o lay_v aside_o in_o the_o sun_n and_o air_n but_o a_o few_o day_n they_o will_v be_v contract_v and_o wrinkle_a the_o air_n draw_v out_o the_o sap_n and_o moisture_n and_o such_o have_v no_o supply_n of_o sap_n from_o the_o root_n they_o quick_o wither_v now_o know_v also_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o air_n