Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	wonder_n	wonder_v	work_n	35	3	6.0591	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A60282	Natural philosophy improven by new experiments touching the mercurial weather-glass, the hygroscope, eclipsis, conjunctions of Saturn and Jupiter, by new experiments, touching the pressure of fluids, the diving-bell, and all the curiosities thereof : to which is added some new observations, and experiments, lately made of several kinds : together with a true relation of an evil spirit, which troubled a mans family for many days : lastly, there is a large discourse anent coal, coal-sinks, dipps, risings, and streeks of coal, levels running of mines, gaes, dykes, damps, and wild-fire / by G.S.	Sinclair, George, d. 1696.	1683 (1683)	Wing S3855; ESTC R15622	205,371	320

pillar_n of_o mercury_n each_o one_o of_o they_o 29_o inch_n high_a it_o follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o the_o mercury_n within_o the_o tub_n must_v be_v as_o high_a as_o r._n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n to_o see_v the_o silver_n halt_v at_o r_o provide_v rx_n and_o zs_n be_v two_o bulk_n of_o mercury_n environ_v the_o pipe_n as_o the_o outward_a water_n environ_n the_o wide_a and_o narrow_a pipe_n neither_o aught_o any_o to_o wonder_v when_o the_o silver_n fall_v down_o and_o rest_v at_o r_o nothing_o environ_v the_o pipe_n but_o air_n see_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o 29_o inch_n of_o quicksilver_n this_o experiment_n be_v easy_o make_v take_v therefore_o a_o slender_a glass-pipe_n of_o any_o length_n beyond_o 30_o inch_n open_a at_o both_o end_n but_o the_o low_a end_n q_n must_v be_v draw_v so_o small_a by_o a_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n that_o the_o entry_n may_v be_v no_o wide_o than_o may_v admit_v the_o point_n of_o a_o small_a needle_n or_o the_o hair_n of_o one_o head_n then_o stop_v the_o say_a orifice_n pour_v in_o mercury_n above_o at_o the_o orifice_n n_o till_o the_o pipe_n be_v complete_o full_a next_o close_o the_o say_a orifice_n with_o wet_a paper_n and_o the_o pulp_n of_o your_o finger_n and_o open_v the_o low_a orifice_n you_o shall_v find_v which_o be_v very_o delightful_a to_o behold_v the_o mercury_n spring_v out_o like_v unto_o a_o small_a silver_n thread_n and_o fall_v down_o from_o the_o top_n n_o shall_v rest_v at_o r_o the_o motion_n cease_v at_o the_o narrow_a orifice_n q._n this_o show_v evident_o that_o there_o be_v not_o need_v always_o of_o stagnant_a mercury_n for_o try_v the_o torricellian_a experiment_n but_o only_o when_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pipe_n below_o be_v wide_a for_o be_v narrow_a the_o silver_n run_v slow_o out_o and_o consequent_o subside_v slow_o above_o and_o come_v down_o slow_o to_o r_o there_o rest_v but_o when_o the_o mouth_n be_v wide_o below_o the_o silver_n fall_v down_o so_o quick_o that_o it_o go_v beyond_o r_o before_o it_o can_v recover_v itself_o which_o recovery_n will_v never_o be_v unless_o there_o be_v stagnant_a mercury_n to_o run_v up_o again_o from_o what_o be_v say_v we_o see_v first_o that_o when_o one_o part_n of_o a_o surface_n of_o water_n or_o air_n be_v more_o burden_a than_o another_o the_o burden_a part_n present_o yield_v till_o it_o be_v no_o more_o burden_a than_o the_o other_o this_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o fall_n down_o of_o the_o water_n from_o e_z to_z g_z which_o can_v be_v support_v by_o the_o part_n i_o because_o more_o burden_a than_o the_o rest_n we_o see_v second_o that_o the_o element_n of_o air_n rest_v upon_o the_o surface_v of_o all_o body_n with_o a_o considerable_a weight_n otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o sustain_v the_o water_n before_o it_o fall_v down_o from_o e_z to_z g_z for_o if_o it_o do_v not_o rest_n upon_o the_o surface_n mh_o with_o weight_n the_o water_n can_v never_o be_v suspend_v see_v the_o application_n of_o the_o finger_n to_o the_o orifice_n e_o be_v only_o the_o accidental_a cause_n of_o this_o sustentation_n we_o see_v three_o that_o according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o natural_a weight_n between_o two_o fluid_n so_o be_v the_o proportion_n of_o altitude_n between_o two_o of_o their_o cylinder_n therefore_o air_n be_v reckon_v 14000_o time_n light_a than_o mercury_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n sustain_v by_o the_o air_n must_v be_v 14000_o time_n low_o and_o short_a than_o the_o cylinder_n of_o air_n that_o sustain_v it_o which_o appear_v from_o this_o experiment_n to_o be_v true_a see_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v about_o 7000_o fathom_n high_a 29_o inch_n of_o mercury_n be_v support_v between_o r_o and_o x._o in_o a_o word_n if_o air_n be_v natural_o 14000_o time_n light_a than_o mercury_n which_o be_v very_o probable_a then_o must_v the_o altitude_n of_o it_o common_o call_v the_o atmosphere_n be_v fourteen_o thousand_o time_n nine_o and_o twenty_o inch_n that_o be_v 406000_o or_o of_o foot_n 33833._o experiment_n iii_o figure_n 6._o while_o the_o outward_a and_o inward_a water_n be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n withdraw_v the_o inward_a air_n eglantine_n by_o suction_n or_o by_o any_o other_o device_n you_o think_v fit_a and_o you_o will_v find_v the_o water_n rise_v as_o high_a as_o e_z which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v 34_o foot_n above_o mgh_n the_o same_o phenomenon_n happen_v in_o take_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o narrow_a pipe_n fk_n the_o reason_n be_v still_o unequal_a pressure_n for_o in_o remove_v the_o air_n that_o be_v within_o the_o pipe_n the_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n m_o and_o the_o part_n h_n remain_v burden_a while_o the_o part_n g_z be_v free_v of_o its_o burden_n therefore_o this_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n be_v liberate_v of_o its_o burden_n that_o come_v down_o through_o the_o pipe_n instant_o rise_v and_o climb_v up_o as_o far_o as_o the_o outward_a air_n rest_v upon_o m_n and_o h_n can_v raise_v it_o which_o be_v to_o e_o 34_o foot_n for_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o surface_v of_o all_o water_n according_a to_o the_o 25_o theorem_fw-la be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n must_v raise_v the_o say_a water_n in_o the_o pipe_n 34_o foot_n you_o do_v not_o wonder_v why_o it_o rise_v from_o i_o to_o g_o as_o in_o the_o first_o experiment_n no_o more_o ought_v you_o to_o wonder_n why_o it_o rise_v from_o g_z to_z e_z see_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n do_v the_o same_o thing_n that_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n mh_o will_v do_v from_o this_o experiment_n we_o see_v first_o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v the_o proper_a cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o water_n up_o through_o pump_n and_o siphons_n or_o any_o other_o instrument_n that_o be_v use_v in_o water-work_n of_o that_o kind_n for_o if_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n mh_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o water_n climb_v up_o from_o g_z to_z e_z the_o same_o must_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o stagnant_a water_n follow_v the_o sucker_n of_o the_o pump_n while_o it_o be_v pull_v up_o and_o the_o same_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o water_n ascend_v the_o leg_n of_o a_o siphon_n and_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o motion_n continue_v after_o suction_n be_v end_v we_o see_v second_o that_o every_o press_v fluid_a have_v a_o sphere_n of_o activity_n to_o which_o it_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o fluid_a that_o be_v press_v this_o be_v evident_a in_o this_o experiment_n because_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n rest_v upon_o mh_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n the_o height_n of_o e_o in_o the_o wide_a pipe_n and_o the_o height_n of_o f_o in_o the_o narrow_a and_o no_o further_o even_o though_o the_o say_v pipe_n be_v far_o long_o and_o this_o altitude_n and_o high_a point_n be_v precise_o 34_o foot_n between_o air_n and_o water_n we_o see_v three_o that_o it_o be_v all_o one_o matter_n whether_o pump_n and_o siphons_n be_v wide_a or_o narrow_a whether_o the_o tub_n of_o the_o baroscope_n be_v wherein_o the_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v of_o a_o large_a diameter_n or_o of_o a_o lesser_a diameter_n this_o be_v also_o evident_a from_o the_o same_o experiment_n see_v there_o be_v no_o more_o difficulty_n in_o cause_v the_o water_n ascend_v the_o wide_a pipe_n than_o in_o cause_v it_o ascend_v the_o narrow_a one_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o press_a fluid_n repect_v not_o the_o press_v fluid_a according_a to_o its_o thickness_n and_o breadth_n but_o only_o according_a to_o its_o altitude_n therefore'it_v as_o easy_a for_o the_o air_n to_o press_v up_o water_n through_o a_o pump_n four_o foot_n in_o diameter_n as_o to_o press_v it_o up_o through_o a_o pump_n but_o one_o foot_n in_o diameter_n experiment_n iv._o figure_n 7._o this_o schematism_n represent_v a_o large_a vessel_n full_a of_o water_n who_o first_o and_o visible_a surface_n be_v dehk_v the_o second_o that_o be_v imaginary_a be_v li_z six_o foot_n below_o it_o the_o three_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n be_v mg_n six_o foot_n low_o the_o four_o be_v nfo_n six_o foot_n yet_o low_o the_o last_o and_o low_a be_v abc_n there_o be_v here_o also_o four_o tub_n or_o rather_o one_o tub_n under_o four_o divers_a position_n with_o both_o end_n open_a after_o this_o tub_n da_fw-la be_v thrust_v below_o the_o water_n till_o it_o ascend_v as_o high_a as_o d_o in_o it_o lift_v it_o up_o between_o your_o finger_n till_o it_o have_v the_o position_n of_o the_o second_o pipe_n of_o and_o then_o you_o shall_v see_v as_o the_o

natural_a philosophy_n improven_v by_o new_a experiment_n touch_v the_o mercurial_a weatherglass_n the_o hygroscope_n eclipse_n conjunction_n of_o saturn_n and_o jupiter_n by_o new_a experiment_n touch_v the_o pressure_n of_o fluids_n the_o diving-bell_n and_o all_o the_o curiosity_n thereof_o to_o which_o be_v add_v some_o new_a observation_n and_o experiment_n late_o make_v of_o several_a kind_n together_o with_o a_o true_a relation_n of_o a_o evil_a spirit_n which_o trouble_v a_o man_n family_n for_o many_o day_n last_o there_o be_v a_o large_a discourse_n anent_o coal_n ●oal-sinks_a dipp_n rise_n and_o streeks_n of_o coal_n level_n run_v of_o mine_n gall_n dykes_n damp_n and_o wildfire_n by_o g._n s._n ars_fw-la long_fw-mi vita_fw-la brevis_fw-la print_a in_o the_o year_n 1683._o and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o gideon_n schaw_n bookseller_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o bible_n in_o the_o parliament-closs_n in_o edinburgh_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a s_o r._n james_n fleming_n lord_n provost_n of_o edinburgh_n george_n drumond_n david_n lindsey_n james_n nicolson_n and_o george_n sinclar_a bailiff_n archibald_n hamilton_n dean_n of_o gilled_a thomas_n young_a thesaurer_n william_n borthwick_n deacon_n conveener_n and_o remanent_fw-la member_n of_o the_o honourable_a council_n of_o the_o say_v burgh_n in_o all_o humility_n offer_v and_o didicate_v this_o philosophical_a tranasaction_n george_n sinclar_a professor_n of_o philosophy_n and_o mathematics_n may_v it_o please_v your_o lordship_n and_o the_o honourable_a senate_n i_o present_v you_o with_o a_o mean_a oblation_n less_o than_o the_o widow_n mite_n but_o with_o a_o willing_a mind_n it_o be_v all_o i_o can_v afford_v at_o present_a far_o li●abit_n qui_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la thus_o who_o want_v frankincense_n must_v sacrifice_v with_o bear-meal_n i_o have_v sometime_o offer_v more_o to_o other_o who_o be_v not_o so_o deserve_v i_o still_o remember_v how_o kind_o the_o council_n treat_v i_o for_o some_o year_n ago_o when_o i_o teach_v the_o mathematics_n at_o edinburgh_n and_o what_o a_o singular_a obligation_n they_o confer_v upon_o i_o after_o when_o i_o be_v employ_v to_o search_v out_o a_o well_o which_o by_o good_a providence_n i_o light_v upon_o which_o be_v now_o a_o wellspring_n of_o happiness_n to_o the_o good-town_n i_o make_v several_a observation_n with_o a_o most_o accurate_a and_o exact_a level_n but_o especial_o one_o from_o the_o high_a ground_n in_o the_o castle_n in_o the_o evening_n towards_o the_o fountain_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o light_n there_o on_o the_o 29._o of_o may_n 1674._o which_o give_v infallible_a assurance_n to_o the_o magistrate_n that_o the_o source_n be_v 200._o foot_n high_o than_o the_o weigh-house_n and_o great_a encouragement_n to_o the_o council_n to_o begin_v the_o work_n it_o be_v registrate_n in_o scripture_n as_o one_o of_o the_o great_a act_n of_o hezekiah_n that_o he_o make_v a_o cistern_n and_o a_o condu●t_n and_o bring_v water_n into_o the_o city_n of_o jerusalem_n this_o work_n will_v be_v extant_a among_o the_o annal_n and_o chronicle_n of_o the_o city_n of_o thing_n do_v from_o year_n to_o year_n to_o all_o generation_n which_o be_v the_o glory_n also_o of_o the_o succeed_a magistrate_n but_o your_o wisdom_n and_o prudence_n in_o govern_v the_o city_n and_o compose_v all_o difference_n and_o settle_v all_o matter_n every_o day_n so_o happy_o be_v of_o far_o great_a moment_n this_o transaction_n explain_v the_o weatherglass_n and_o hygroscope_n which_o be_v in_o great_a esteem_n even_o among_o king_n and_o prince_n his_o royal_a highness_n put_v no_o small_a value_n upon_o that_o which_o i_o present_v to_o he_o non_fw-la equidem_fw-la tali_fw-la i_o dignor_fw-la honore_fw-la i_o now_o crave_v pardon_n that_o i_o have_v adventure_v to_o prefix_v your_o name_n to_o the_o frontispiece_n of_o this_o mean_a pamphlet_n between_o which_o and_o your_o incomparable_a merit_n there_o be_v no_o proportion_n all_o i_o can_v do_v be_v to_o pray_v that_o your_o lordship_n and_o council_n may_v live_v to_o be_v as_o you_o be_v the_o glory_n and_o credit_n of_o the_o place_n and_o that_o you_o may_v slow_o yet_o sure_o exchange_v at_o last_o this_o mortality_n with_o immortal_a life_n this_o i_o fervent_o wish_v while_o i_o be_o your_o honour_n most_o humble_a and_o much_o oblige_a servant_n george_z sinclar_a leith_n january_n 9_o 1683._o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n i_o have_v set_v down_o the_o theory_n of_o the_o wether_n after_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o first_o and_o upmost_a station_n thirty_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a above_o the_o cistern_n be_v long_o fair_a or_o most_o pleasant_a wether_n as_o the_o poet_n sing_v totus_fw-la &_o ille_fw-la dies_fw-la &_o quin_fw-la ascentur_fw-la ab_fw-la illo_fw-la exactum_fw-la ad_fw-la mensem_fw-la pluvia_fw-la ventisque_fw-la carebunt_fw-la this_o day_n and_o all_o which_o after_o it_o remain_v f●r_v th●●ty_a day●_n sha●l_v want_v both_o wind_n and_o rain_n the_o metal_n be_v at_o this_o height_n which_o i_o rather_o find_v to_o be_v in_o winter_n than_o in_o summer_n the_o heaven_n be_v clear_a yet_o sometime_o cover_v with_o dry_a and_o gray_a cloud_n but_o not_o the_o least_o appearance_n of_o rain_n nothing_o for_o several_a day_n after_o but_o settle_v calm_a wether_n as_o dry_a and_o hard_a frost_n in_o winter_n with_o a_o clear_a sky_n sometime_o the_o air_n most_o pure_a and_o clear_a without_o frost_n here_o it_o be_v upon_o thursday_n october_n 26._o it_o be_v seldom_o so_o high_a because_o we_o in_o this_o country_n have_v not_o often_o a_o most_o pure_a and_o clear_a air_n as_o in_o france_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n if_o the_o metal_n ascend_v to_o this_o station_n it_o be_v a_o evident_a token_n that_o the_o glass_n be_v right_o mount_v and_o adjust_v i_o call_v the_o second_o station_n which_o be_v half_a a_o inch_n low_o fair_a or_o dry_v and_o fair._n ●ace_n serenato_fw-la clar●m_fw-la juhat_fw-la emicat_fw-la axe_n p●●gatusque_fw-la nitet_fw-la di●●ussis_fw-la ●u●ibus_fw-la ●●ther_n behold_v a_o ray_n tha●_n 〈◊〉_d break_v forth_o from_o se●●n●_n hea●en_o and_o purge_v sky_n do_v shine_v all_o cloud_n 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v be_v the_o quicksilver_n be_v at_o this_o station_n the_o wether_n be_v good_a but_o not_o so_o settle_v especial_o in_o the_o winter-season_n i_o have_v oftentimes_o observe_v a_o small_a thin_a shower_n of_o rain_n to_o fall_v for_o some_o hour_n together_o from_o the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n as_o a_o thick_a dew_n or_o mist_n but_o immediate_o after_o the_o day_n become_v clear_a and_o fair_a the_o air_n be_v under_o a_o strong_a disposition_n to_o be_v so_o the_o three_o station_n half_o a_o inch_n low_o be_v changeable_a sometime_o fair_a sometime_o foul_a sometime_o frost_n sometime_o thaw_v sometime_o sleet_n sometime_o snow_n sometime_o wind_n sometime_o calm_a nun●_n pluit_fw-la &_o clarus_fw-la nune_n jupiter_n aethere_fw-la surgit_fw-la sometime_o ●oul_n jove_n do_v wring_v the_o cloud_n for_o rain_n sometime_o fair_a jove_n appear_v in_o heaven_n again_o the_o four_o station_n be_v rain_n or_o rainy_n wether_n not_o that_o it_o rains_n always_o but_o that_o there_o be_v a_o strong_a inclination_n in_o the_o air_n to_o be_v rain_n madidl●_n notus_fw-la evolat_fw-la all●_n terribilem_fw-la pleca_v tectus_fw-la caligine_fw-la vultum_fw-la barba_fw-la gravis_fw-la nimbi●_n can●s_fw-la ●uit_fw-la unda_fw-la capillis_fw-la out_o fly_v the_o south_n with_o drop_v wing●_n who_o shroud_n his_o 〈◊〉_d aspect_n in_o the_o pitchy_a 〈◊〉_d his_o white●_n air_n stream_n his_o bea●●_n b●g_v ●●●oln_a with_o shor●●_n m●●ls_v bi●●_n hi●_n bro●_n rain_v from_o his_o boso●_n pu●●●es_v i_o call_v the_o five_o station_n much_o rain_n or_o very_o foul_a as_o in_o the_o summer_n or_o wintertime_n when_o rain_n be_v accompany_v with_o strong_a s._n w._n and_o w._n wind_n this_o be_v bad_a wether_n indeed_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n et_fw-la den●i_fw-la ●unduntur_fw-la ●●_o aethere_fw-la n●●bl_n ecce_fw-la cadunt_fw-la ●argi_fw-la reselusia_fw-la nubibu●_n imbre●_n inquetreom_o credas_fw-la totum_fw-la descendere_fw-la coeluth_n 〈◊〉_d of_o rain_n be_v pour_v from_o the_o heaven_n waich●●ken_v phenus_fw-la and_o his_o pierce_a beam_n 〈…〉_z great_a 〈◊〉_d do_v fall_v some_o think_v the_o heaven_n to_o sea_n be_v tumble_v all_o to_o this_o station_n do_v the_o mercury_n fall_v down_o on_o monday_n november_n 6._o and_o sunday_n night_n november_n 19_o be_v two_o inch_n low_o than_o october_n 26._o the_o six_o station_n be_v stormy_a the_o worst_a of_o wether_n in_o this_o country_n tum_o mihi_fw-la feculent_a supra_fw-la caput_fw-la astitit_fw-la imber_fw-la n●ctem_fw-la hyememque_fw-la ●erens_fw-la &_o inhorruit_n und●_n tenebris_fw-la a_o purpur●_n shower_n do_v canopy_n my_o head_n dark_a winter_n come_v and_o wave_n grow_v black_a indeed_o i_o have_v subjoin_v in_o the_o last_o place_n tempest_n or_o hirricanos_n which_o do_v not_o fall_v out_o in_o this_o country_n they_o be_v lively_o describe_v by_o the_o

up_o in_o it_o four_o and_o thirty_o foot_n which_o phoenomenon_n can_v never_o happen_v unless_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o stagnant_a water_n among_o which_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pump_n be_v drown_v be_v as_o much_o press_v with_o the_o air_n as_o if_o it_o have_v a_o burden_n of_o water_n upon_o it_o thirty_o four_o foot_n high_a the_o second_o part_n be_v also_o evident_a because_o if_o a_o man_n drown_v the_o end_n of_o a_o long_a pipe_n in_o a_o vessel_n with_o stagnant_a quicksilver_n and_o remove_v the_o air_n that_o be_v within_o the_o pipe_n by_o a_o sucker_n or_o more_o easy_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o air-pump_n he_o will_v find_v the_o liquor_n to_o rise_v twenty_o nine_o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n below_o which_o thing_n can_v never_o come_v to_o pass_v unless_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o surface_v of_o all_o body_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o pressure_n and_o weight_n of_o twenty_o nine_o inch_n of_o quicksilver_n theorem_fw-la xxvi_o all_o fluid_a body_n have_v a_o sphere_n of_o activity_n to_o which_o they_o be_v able_a to_o press_v up_o themselves_o or_o another_o fluid_a and_o no_o further_o which_o be_v less_o or_o more_o according_a to_o the_o altitude_n of_o that_o press_a fluid_n figure_n 2._o for_o understand_v this_o proposition_n let_v we_o imagine_v ghcd_v to_o be_v a_o vessel_n in_o who_o bottom_n there_o be_v five_o inch_n of_o mercury_n efcd_n next_o that_o above_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n there_o be_v thirty_o four_o foot_n of_o water_n rest_v namely_o abef_a last_o that_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o say_a water_n there_o be_v rest_v the_o element_n of_o air_n ghab_n who_o top_n gh_n i_o reckon_v to_o be_v about_o six_o thousand_o fathom_n above_o ab_fw-la beside_o these_o let_v we_o imagine_v that_o there_o be_v here_o three_o pipe_n open_a at_o both_o end_n the_o first_o whereof_o cag_n have_v it_o be_v low_a orifice_n c_o drown_v among_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n efcd_v go_v so_o high_a that_o the_o upper_a orifice_n go_v above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o air_n gh_n the_o second_o who_o low_a orifice_n i_o be_v only_o drown_v among_o the_o water_n abef_n reach_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o air_n likewise_o the_o three_o who_o open_a end_n k_o be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n anb_n and_o hang_v in_o the_o open_a air_n go_v likewise_o above_o the_o atmosphere_n these_o thing_n be_v suppose_v we_o see_v that_o no_o fluid_n can_v by_o its_o own_o proper_a weight_n press_v any_o part_n of_o itself_o high_a than_o it_o be_v own_o surface_n see_v the_o stagnant_a mercury_n efcd_v can_v press_v itself_o within_o the_o pipe_n cg_n high_a than_o e._n neither_o can_v the_o water_n abef_n press_v itself_o high_a within_o the_o pipe_n il_fw-fr than_o the_o point_n n._n last_o neither_o can_v the_o air_n ghab_n press_v itself_o within_o the_o pipe_n km_n high_a than_o m_n but_o when_o one_o fluid_a press_v upon_o another_o as_o the_o water_n abef_n upon_o the_o mercury_n efcd_v then_o do_v the_o say_a mercury_n ascend_v high_a than_o it_o be_v own_o surface_n namely_o from_o e_z to_z o_o which_o point_n be_v the_o high_a to_o which_o the_o thirty_o four_o foot_n of_o water_n abef_n can_v raise_v the_o mercury_n which_o altitude_n be_v twenty_o nine_o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n eif_fw-mi but_o if_o a_o second_o fluid_fw-la be_v superadd_v as_o the_o whole_a air_n ghab_n then_o must_v the_o mercury_n according_a to_o that_o new_a pressure_n rise_v by_o proportion_n so_o rise_v the_o mercury_n from_o o_o to_o p_o other_o twenty_o nine_o inch_n by_o this_o same_o additional_a weight_n of_o air_n the_o water_n rise_v thirty_o four_o foot_n in_o the_o pipe_n il_fw-fr namely_o from_o n_o to_o r._n now_o i_o say_v the_o outmost_a and_o high_a point_n to_o which_o the_o element_n of_o air_n ghab_n can_v raise_v the_o mercury_n be_v from_o o_o to_o p_o for_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n abef_n it_o rise_v from_o e_z to_z o._n and_o the_o high_a point_n to_o which_o the_o say_a air_n can_v raise_v the_o water_n be_v from_o n_o to_o r._n the_o reason_n of_o these_o determinate_a altitude_n must_v be_v seek_v for_o from_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o incumb_a and_o press_v fluid_n for_o as_o these_o be_v less_o or_o more_o so_o be_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mercury_n and_o of_o the_o water_n within_o the_o pipe_n more_o or_o less_o the_o hight_v therefore_o of_o the_o mercury_n eo_fw-la be_v twenty_o nine_o inch_n because_o the_o deepness_n of_o the_o press_a water_n abef_n be_v thirty_o four_o foot_n and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n nr_n be_v thirty_o four_o foot_n because_o the_o height_n of_o the_o air_n gh_o above_o ab_fw-la be_v six_o thousand_o fathom_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v the_o mercury_n open_v twenty_o nine_o inch_n theorem_fw-la xxvii_o a_o light_a fluid_n be_v able_a to_o press_v with_o as_o great_a burden_n as_o a_o heavy_a figure_n 2._o this_o proposition_n be_v true_a not_o only_o of_o water_n in_o respect_n of_o mercury_n but_o of_o air_n in_o respect_n of_o they_o both_o for_o albeit_o air_n be_v a_o thousand_o time_n light_a than_o water_n yet_o may_v it_o have_v as_o great_a a_o pressure_n with_o it_o as_o water_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o this_o second_o schematism_n where_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n ghab_n twenty_o nine_o inch_n of_o mercury_n open_v be_v support_v as_o well_o as_o the_o twenty_o nine_o inch_n eo_fw-la by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n abef_n so_o do_v the_o same_o air_n sustain_v the_o thirty_o four_o foot_n of_o water_n nr_n which_o be_v real_o as_o heavy_a as_o the_o twenty_o nine_o inch_n of_o mercury_n open_v now_o if_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o thirty_o four_o foot_n of_o water_n or_o of_o twenty_o nine_o inch_n of_o mercury_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n to_o see_v water_n press_v with_o as_o great_a weight_n as_o mercury_n which_o be_v likewise_o clear_a from_o this_o same_o figure_n where_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n abef_n twenty_o nine_o inch_n of_o mercury_n eo_fw-la be_v suspend_v as_o true_o as_o the_o mercury_n ce_fw-fr within_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v support_v by_o the_o outward_a environ_v mercury_n the_o reason_n of_o these_o phenomena_n be_v take_v from_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o press_a fluid_n for_o though_o a_o body_n be_v never_o so_o light_a yet_o multiplication_n of_o part_n make_v multiplication_n of_o weight_n which_o multiplication_n of_o part_n in_o fluids_n must_v be_v according_a to_o altitude_n for_o multiplication_n of_o part_n according_a to_o thickness_n and_o breadth_n will_v not_o do_v it_o observe_v here_o that_o if_o as_o much_o air_n as_o fill_v the_o tub_n between_o n_o and_o l_o be_v put_v into_o the_o scale_n of_o a_o balance_n it_o will_v exact_o counterpoise_v the_o thirty_o four_o foot_n of_o water_n nr_n pour_v into_o the_o other_o scale_n item_n that_o as_o much_o water_n as_o will_v fill_v the_o tub_n between_o e_z and_o a_o be_v just_a the_o weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n eo_fw-la last_o that_o as_o much_o air_n as_o will_v fill_v the_o pipe_n between_o o_o and_o g_o be_v just_a the_o weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n open_v theorem_fw-la xxviii_o the_o pressure_n of_o fluids_n do_v not_o diminish_v while_o you_o subtract_v from_o their_o thickness_n but_o only_o when_o you_o subtract_v from_o their_o altitude_n figure_n 1._o for_o understand_v this_o let_v we_o look_v upon_o the_o first_o schematism_n where_o there_o be_v four_o pillar_n of_o water_n now_o i_o say_v though_o you_o cut_v off_o the_o three_o colume_n of_o water_n upon_o the_o right_a side_n yet_o there_o shall_v remain_v as_o much_o pressure_n in_o the_o quadrat_fw-la foot_n of_o water_n q_n as_o be_v while_o these_o be_v entire_a but_o if_o you_o cut_v off_o from_o the_o top_n the_o water_n efgh_o then_o present_o a_o alteration_n follow_v not_o only_o in_o the_o low_a part_n nigh_o to_o the_o bottom_n but_o through_o all_o the_o intermediat_a part_n for_o not_o only_o the_o water_n q_n lose_v a_o degree_n of_o its_o pressure_n but_o the_o water_n p_o and_o o_o suffer_v the_o same_o loss_n this_o theorem_fw-la hold_v true_a likewise_o in_o order_n to_o the_o element_n of_o air._n for_o if_o by_o divine_a providence_n the_o air_n shall_v become_v less_o in_o altitude_n than_o it_o be_v then_o sure_o the_o bensil_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n that_o we_o breath_n in_o and_o out_o shall_v be_v by_o proportion_n weaken_v also_o and_o contrariwise_o if_o the_o altitude_n become_v more_o than_o strong_a shall_v the_o bensil_n be_v here_o with_o we_o in_o the_o low_a part_n both_o which_o will_v be_v

orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n ascend_v the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n fall_v out_o by_o little_a and_o little_a until_o it_o be_v no_o long_o than_o ef._n again_o lift_v it_o further_o up_o till_o it_o have_v the_o position_n of_o the_o pipe_n hg_v then_o shall_v you_o find_v the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n become_v yet_o short_a last_o if_o it_o be_v situate_v as_o the_o pipe_n ki_v the_o internal_a water_n become_v no_o long_a than_o ki_v the_o reason_n of_o these_o phenomena_n be_v the_o same_o namely_o unequal_a pressure_n for_o the_o orifice_n a_o be_v lift_v up_o as_o high_a as_o f_o it_o come_v to_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n no_o which_o be_v not_o under_o so_o much_o pressure_n as_o the_o other_o be_v therefore_o one_o part_n of_o it_o be_v more_o burden_v than_o another_o namely_o the_o part_n upon_o which_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n rest_v it_o present_o yield_v and_o suffer_v the_o cylinder_n to_o become_v short_a and_o light_a till_o it_o become_v no_o heavy_a than_o be_v proportionable_a to_o its_o own_o strength_n to_o make_v this_o reason_n more_o evident_a it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o no_o surface_n of_o water_n be_v able_a to_o support_v a_o cylinder_n high_a than_o its_o own_o deepness_n that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o a_o surface_n be_v 40_o foot_n deep_a it_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v a_o cylinder_n 40_o foot_n high_a and_o no_o more_o therefore_o the_o surface_n no_o be_v but_o 18_o foot_n deep_a it_o can_v sustain_v a_o cylinder_n 24_o foot_n long_o for_o if_o that_o be_v than_o the_o potentia_n shall_v be_v inferior_a to_o the_o pondus_fw-la which_o be_v impossible_a in_o the_o hydrostaticks_n in_o effect_n it_o be_v no_o less_o absurdity_n then_o to_o say_v 18_o ounce_n be_v able_a to_o counterbalance_v 24._o for_o a_o second_o trial_n lift_v up_o the_o same_o pipe_n high_o till_o it_o acquire_v the_o position_n of_o the_o tub_n gh_o in_o this_o case_n the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n within_o it_o become_v yet_o short_a even_o no_o long_o than_o gh_a the_o reason_n be_v the_o same_o namely_o unequal_a pressure_n for_o when_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n 18_o foot_n high_a come_v to_o rest_v upon_o this_o surface_n that_o be_v but_o 12_o foot_n deep_a it_o make_v one_o part_n of_o it_o more_o burden_v than_o another_o therefore_o the_o part_n that_o be_v more_o press_v present_o yield_v and_o suffer_v the_o cylinder_n to_o fall_v down_o till_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o it_o become_v equal_a to_o its_o own_o potentia_fw-la for_o the_o last_o trial_n lift_v up_o the_o tub_n till_o it_o acquire_v the_o position_n of_o the_o pipe_n ki_v in_o this_o case_n the_o water_n within_o it_o become_v no_o long_o then_o ki_v the_o surface_n li_n that_o be_v but_o six_o foot_n deep_a not_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v a_o cylinder_n 12_o foot_n high_a from_o this_o experiment_n we_o see_v first_o that_o in_o all_o fluid_a body_n there_o be_v a_o pressure_n which_o be_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o deepness_n of_o that_o fluid_a this_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o four_o several_a surface_n there_o be_v more_o pressure_n and_o force_n in_o the_o low_a abc_n then_o in_o the_o next_o no_z and_o more_o in_o this_o then_o in_o the_o surface_n mg_n and_o more_o in_o this_o then_o in_o li._n we_o see_v second_o that_o in_o all_o fluid_n there_o be_v a_o pondus_fw-la and_o a_o potentia_n which_o two_o be_v always_o of_o equal_a force_n and_o strength_n the_o potentia_n be_v clear_a and_o evident_a in_o the_o surface_n by_o support_v the_o pillar_n which_o pillar_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o pondus_fw-la support_v and_o that_o they_o be_v always_o of_o equal_a strength_n be_v most_o evident_a also_o for_o when_o you_o endeavour_v to_o make_v the_o pondus_fw-la unequal_a to_o the_o potentia_n in_o make_v a_o surface_n 18_o foot_n deep_a to_o support_v a_o pillar_n 24_o foot_n high_a they_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n become_v equal_a the_o pillar_n become_v short_a and_o suitable_a to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o surface_n that_o sustain_v it_o we_o see_v three_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o one_o part_n of_o the_o same_o horizontal_n surface_n to_o be_v more_o burden_v than_o another_o for_o when_o you_o endeavour_v to_o do_v it_o by_o set_v a_o long_a pillar_n upon_o it_o the_o part_n burden_v instant_o yield_v till_o it_o be_v no_o more_o press_v than_o the_o next_o part_n to_o it_o we_o see_v four_a that_o the_o inequality_n that_o be_v between_o the_o pondus_fw-la and_o the_o potentia_fw-la in_o fluids_n be_v the_o proper_a cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o fluids_n for_o when_o you_o endeavour_v to_o make_v a_o surface_n 30_o foot_n deep_a sustain_v a_o pillar_n 40_o foot_n high_a this_o inequality_n be_v the_o true_a cause_n why_o the_o pillar_n subside_v and_o fall_v down_o and_o why_o the_o surface_n yield_v and_o give_v way_n to_o it_o and_o this_o inequality_n be_v the_o true_a cause_n why_o the_o motion_n of_o water_n through_o siphons_n continue_v for_o understand_v this_o you_o must_v conceive_v a_o siphon_n to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o crooked_a pipe_n with_o two_o leg_n the_o one_o drown_v among_o water_n the_o other_o hang_v in_o the_o open_a air._n the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v for_o convey_v wine_n or_o water_n from_o one_o vessel_n to_o another_o which_o be_v easy_o do_v by_o suction_n now_o after_o suction_n be_v end_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n continue_v till_o the_o surface_n become_v low_a than_o the_o orifice_n out_o of_o which_o it_o run_v the_o true_a reason_n then_o why_o the_o water_n flow_v out_o be_v the_o inequality_n between_o the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o water_n the_o pondus_fw-la be_v strong_a than_o the_o potentia_fw-la for_o in_o air_n as_o in_o water_n we_o must_v conceive_v horizontal_n surface_v and_o these_o surface_n to_o be_v endow_v with_o pressure_n and_o force_n as_o be_v the_o surface_v of_o water_n now_o when_o the_o leg_n of_o a_o siphon_n be_v hang_v in_o the_o air_n it_o must_v rest_v upon_o one_o surface_n or_o another_o and_o consequent_o the_o water_n in_o it_o must_v rest_v upon_o the_o same_o surface_n if_o the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o surface_n be_v strong_a than_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o water_n the_o water_n be_v drive_v backward_o which_o always_o come_v to_o pass_v when_o the_o orifice_n be_v high_a than_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o vessel_n among_o which_o the_o other_o leg_n be_v drown_v if_o the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o air_n be_v of_o equal_a power_n and_o strength_n with_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o water_n the_o water_n go_v neither_o backward_a nor_o forward_o but_o stand_v in_o equilibrio_n this_o happen_v when_o the_o orifice_n be_v neither_o high_o nor_o low_o than_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n but_o if_o the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o air_n be_v weak_a than_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o water_n in_o this_o case_n the_o air_n yield_v and_o suffer_v the_o water_n to_o run_v out_o even_o as_o a_o surface_n 30_o foot_n deep_a yield_v to_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n 40_o foot_n high_a the_o same_o inequality_n be_v the_o reason_n why_o water_n climb_v up_o the_o pump_n why_o water_n climb_v up_o a_o pipe_n when_o a_o man_n suck_v with_o his_o mouth_n before_o suction_n the_o potentia_n that_o be_v in_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n among_o which_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v drown_v be_v of_o equal_a force_n with_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n that_o come_v down_o through_o the_o pipe_n or_o pump_n but_o assoon_o as_o a_o man_n begin_v to_o suck_v the_o say_a pillar_n of_o air_n become_v light_a and_o the_o water_n find_v this_o present_o ascend_v the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o mercury_n fall_v down_o to_o 29_o inch_n in_o the_o baroscope_n and_o no_o further_o for_o as_o long_o as_o the_o pondus_fw-la of_o the_o pillar_n of_o mercury_n exceed_v the_o potentia_fw-la of_o the_o surface_n of_o air_n so_o long_o do_v the_o motion_n continue_v and_o when_o both_o be_v become_v equal_a in_o force_n the_o motion_n cease_v when_o the_o glass-tub_n be_v 40_o inch_n long_o and_o fill_v with_o mercury_n and_o invert_v after_o the_o common_a manner_n you_o be_v endeavour_v as_o it_o be_v to_o cause_v a_o surface_n 29_o inch_n deep_a sustain_v a_o pillar_n 40_o inch_n high_a which_o be_v utter_o impossible_a in_o fluid_n it_o be_v judge_v by_o many_o a_o wonder_n to_o see_v the_o deflux_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o baroscope_n but_o in_o effect_n there_o be_v no_o more_o cause_n of_o admiration_n in_o it_o than_o to_o see_v the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n grow_v short_a by_o lift_v the_o

represent_v a_o deep_a water_n who_o first_o and_o visible_a surface_n be_v fg._n the_o imaginary_a surface_n be_v elc_a 34_o foot_n below_o it_o adb_n be_v a_o siphon_n work_v below_o this_o water_n with_o mercury_n ael_n be_v a_o vessel_n with_o stagnant_a mercury_n among_o which_o the_o orifice_n a_o be_v drown_v the_o other_o orifice_n b_o exist_v among_o the_o water_n dm_o be_v the_o height_n of_o the_o siphon_n above_o the_o line_n of_o level_n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v 58_o inch_n for_o make_v it_o work_v stop_v the_o two_o orifice_n close_o and_o pour_v in_o as_o much_o mercury_n at_o a_o hole_n make_v at_o d_o as_o will_v fill_v both_o the_o leg_n then_o stop_v the_o say_a hole_n open_v the_o two_o orifice_n a_o and_o b_o and_o you_o will_v find_v the_o liquor_n run_v as_o long_o out_o at_o b_o as_o there_o be_v any_o almost_o in_o the_o vessel_n ael_n for_o evince_v this_o which_o be_v the_o only_a difficulty_n consider_v that_o if_o this_o siphon_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o make_v to_o work_v only_o with_o air_n as_o be_v clear_a from_o daily_a experience_n the_o liquor_n will_v run_v out_o constant_o at_o b._n because_o there_o be_v here_o a_o unequal_a pressure_n the_o surface_n of_o air_n nb_n be_v more_o burden_v than_o the_o surface_n elc_n but_o where_o unequal_a pressure_n be_v in_o fluid_n according_a to_o the_o 12_o theorem_n motion_n must_v follow_v i_o prove_v the_o surface_n nb_n to_o be_v more_o burden_v than_o the_o surface_n elc_n because_o the_o water_n bd_o be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n ld_n as_o be_v evident_a to_o the_o eye_n the_o air_n b_o therefore_o sustain_v far_o more_o weight_n than_o the_o air_n el_fw-es mus_fw-la cede_fw-la and_o yield_v next_o there_o be_v here_o a_o pondus_fw-la and_o a_o potentia_fw-la the_o pondus_fw-la be_v the_o water_n ld_n the_o potentia_fw-la by_o which_o it_o be_v counterpoise_v be_v the_o water_n bd_o but_o these_o be_v unequal_a bd_o be_v heavy_a than_o ld_n therefore_o according_a to_o the_o 33_o theorem_fw-la these_o two_o fluid_n can_v cease_v from_o motion_n if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o surface_n nb_n be_v strong_a than_o the_o surface_n elc_n see_v it_o be_v low_a i_o answer_v the_o difference_n be_v so_o unsensible_a that_o they_o may_v be_v judge_v but_o one_o now_o i_o say_v if_o this_o siphon_n work_n in_o air_n with_o water_n it_o must_v likewise_o work_n in_o water_n with_o mercury_n therefore_o this_o siphon_n be_v 34_o foot_n below_o the_o first_o surface_n fg_v the_o liquor_n must_v run_v out_o constant_o at_o b._n because_o there_o be_v here_o a_o unequal_a pressure_n the_o surface_n of_o water_n nb_n be_v more_o burden_v than_o the_o surface_n elc._n though_o there_o be_v more_o weight_n in_o nb_n than_o in_o elc_n because_o it_o be_v low_a yet_o because_o the_o difference_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o be_v between_o the_o weight_n of_o bd_o and_o the_o weight_n of_o ld_n it_o prove_v nothing_o note_v here_o that_o so_o long_o as_o d_o be_v within_o 58_o inch_n of_o el_n c_o this_o siphon_n will_v work_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o pressure_n of_o 34_o foot_n of_o water_n with_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o fg_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v mercury_n exact_o 58_o inch_n but_o if_o d_o exceed_v that_o height_n no_o art_n will_v make_v the_o liquor_n run_v out_o at_o b._n note_v second_o that_o this_o siphon_n will_v operate_v with_o air_n and_o water_n though_o the_o top_n d_o be_v 34_o foot_n above_o m_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n to_o that_o height_n note_n three_o that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o orifice_n open_v at_o c_o upon_o the_o level_a line_n elc_n the_o two_o water_n will_v become_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n the_o one_o not_o be_v able_a to_o move_v the_o other_o if_o you_o bear_v a_o hole_n at_o r_o the_o liquor_n ascend_v from_o r_z to_z d_o and_o go_v down_o from_o d_o to_o a_o and_o so_o the_o motion_n end_v but_o if_o the_o leg_n ad_fw-la be_v six_o time_n wide_a than_o bd_o the_o liquor_n will_v not_o run_v out_o at_o b._n i_o shall_v answer_v this_o in_o the_o close_a from_o this_o experiment_n we_o see_v first_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o fluid_a body_n up_o through_o pump_n and_o siphons_n be_v not_o for_o shune_v vacuity_n but_o because_o they_o be_v press_v up_o violent_o we_o see_v next_o that_o when_o the_o pressure_n be_v uniform_a there_o be_v no_o motion_n in_o fluids_n but_o assoon_o as_o one_o part_n be_v more_o press_v than_o another_o motion_n begin_v because_o this_o siphon_n will_v not_o operate_v if_o the_o orifice_n be_v make_v in_o c_o but_o if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v in_o d_o than_o the_o motion_n begin_v because_o there_o be_v here_o a_o unequal_a pressure_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o other_o we_o see_v three_o that_o fluids_n have_v a_o determinate_a sphere_n of_o activity_n to_o which_o they_o be_v able_a to_o press_v and_o no_o further_o because_o this_o water_n be_v not_o able_a to_o press_v mercury_n high_o than_o 58_o inch_n so_o the_o air_n can_v raise_v water_n high_o than_o 34_o foot_n if_o this_o water_n be_v 68_o foot_n deep_a the_o sphere_n of_o its_o activity_n will_v be_v 116_o inch_n we_o see_v four_a that_o in_o fluids_n there_o be_v a_o pondus_fw-la and_o a_o potentia_n and_o that_o the_o inequality_n of_o weight_n between_o the_o two_o be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o motion_n we_o see_v five_o that_o as_o long_o as_o this_o inequality_n of_o weight_n continue_v as_o long_o continue_v the_o motion_n because_o as_o long_o as_o bd_o be_v heavy_a than_o ld_n the_o motion_n persevere_fw-la we_o see_v sixthly_a the_o possibility_n of_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n in_o fluids_n because_o the_o liquor_n run_v perpetual_o out_o at_o b._n if_o it_o be_v say_v the_o motion_n end_v when_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n ael_n fail_v i_o answer_v this_o stop_n be_v only_o accidental_a and_o not_o essential_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o fluids_n if_o it_o be_v inquire_v whether_o or_o not_o will_v the_o mercury_n run_v out_o at_o b_o upon_o supposition_n the_o shank_n ld_n be_v twice_o as_o wide_o as_o the_o shank_n bd_o i_o answer_v it_o will_v if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o one_o be_v far_o heavy_a than_o the_o other_o namely_o ld_n than_o db._n i_o answer_v weight_n in_o fluids_n be_v not_o count_v according_a to_o thickness_n but_o according_a to_o altitude_n experiment_n xx._n figure_n 27._o this_o last_o be_v for_o demonstrate_v the_o precise_a and_o just_a weight_n of_o any_o pillar_n of_o air_n water_n mercury_n or_o of_o any_o other_o fluid_a body_n if_o some_o of_o their_o dimension_n be_v but_o once_o know_v ab_fw-la then_o be_v a_o square_a pipe_n 12_o foot_n high_a and_o six_o inch_n in_o wideness_n full_a of_o water_n rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o air_n ac_fw-la and_o eglantine_n be_v a_o square_a pipe_n 12_o foot_n high_a and_o 12_o inch_n wide_a full_a of_o water_n rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o air_n ef._n none_o needs_o to_o doubt_v but_o the_o two_o water_n will_v be_v suspend_v after_o this_o manner_n even_o though_o the_o orifice_n a_o and_o e_o be_v downward_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v guard_v with_o water_n but_o the_o demonstration_n will_v be_v the_o more_o evident_a that_o we_o suppose_v the_o two_o pillar_n of_o water_n to_o be_v suspend_v as_o they_o be_v from_o this_o experiment_n i_o say_v first_o that_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n cd_o be_v 168_o pound_n weight_n at_o least_o which_o i_o prove_v thus_o the_o water_n ab_fw-la be_v 168_o pound_n therefore_o the_o air_n cd_o must_v be_v as_o much_o i_o prove_v the_o antecedent_n because_o it_o be_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n 12_o foot_n high_a and_o six_o inch_n thick_a but_o every_o half_a cubical_a foot_n of_o water_n that_o contain_v 216_o inch_n weigh_v seven_o pound_n therefore_o see_v the_o pillar_n be_v 12_o foot_n it_o must_v contain_v 24_o half_a foot_n but_o 24_o time_n 7_o be_v 168._o the_o only_a difficulty_n be_v to_o prove_v the_o connexion_n which_o i_o do_v thus_o from_o the_o seven_o theor._n all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o fluid_a in_o the_o same_o horizontal_n line_n be_v equal_o press_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o part_n a_o and_o the_o part_n c_o be_v in_o the_o same_o horizontal_a surface_n therefore_o the_o part_n a_o and_o the_o part_n c_o be_v equal_o press_v but_o if_o the_o part_n a_o and_o the_o part_n c_o be_v equal_o press_v the_o pillar_n of_o air_n cd_o must_v be_v as_o heavy_a as_o the_o pillar_n of_o water_n ab_fw-la i_o say_v second_o that_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n fh_o weigh_v 672_o pound_n i_o prove_v it_o thus_o

the_o ground_n where_o they_o be_v find_v both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o use_n they_o serve_v for_o in_o stead_n of_o level_n and_o for_o render_v the_o metal_n wherein_o they_o be_v find_v more_o easy_a to_o work_v in_o make_v they_o yield_v easy_o to_o the_o force_n of_o the_o wedge_n and_o leaver_n other_o metal_n there_o be_v wherein_o few_o of_o these_o cutter_n be_v to_o be_v find_v and_o if_o water_n be_v to_o be_v convey_v through_o they_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o cut_v a_o passage_n through_o they_o for_o that_o effect_n now_o this_o damp_n whereof_o we_o speak_v be_v sound_v most_o frequent_o and_o most_o violent_a in_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o metal_n viz._n in_o these_o which_o be_v full_a of_o cutter_n or_o rift_n which_o give_v some_o ground_n to_o this_o conjecture_n of_o its_o cause_n these_o space_n which_o be_v find_v in_o coal_n or_o other_o metal_n as_o stone_n or_o till_n before_o the_o coal_n begin_v to_o be_v dry_v by_o a_o level_n be_v full_a of_o water_n which_o be_v still_o in_o motion_n as_o be_v all_o subterraneous_a spring_n whereof_o some_o be_v more_o violent_a some_o more_o slow_a conform_v to_o the_o passage_n they_o have_v to_o the_o fountain_n above_o ground_n where_o they_o discharge_v themselves_o now_o for_o dry_v these_o coal_n and_o render_v they_o workable_a there_o be_v a_o necessity_n to_o cut_v a_o passage_n through_o which_o that_o water_n discharge_v itself_o quick_o it_o be_v large_a and_o admit_v a_o great_a quantity_n at_o once_o by_o virtue_n whereof_o a_o great_a field_n be_v drain_v at_o once_o and_o the_o source_n not_o be_v able_a to_o furnish_v so_o much_o water_n as_o the_o conduit_n be_v able_a to_o convey_v these_o space_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v empty_v of_o water_n must_v needs_o be_v fill_v with_o air_n which_o air_n have_v little_a contact_n and_o commerce_n with_o the_o great_a body_n of_o air_n above_o ground_n and_o so_o have_v little_a or_o no_o motion_n corrupt_v in_o these_o place_n and_o thereby_o become_v poisonable_a so_o that_o when_o any_o animal_n be_v necessitat_fw-la to_o draw_v it_o and_o respire_v by_o it_o it_o choke_v they_o on_o a_o sudden_a just_a as_o stand_a water_n which_o be_v without_o motion_n corrupt_v and_o become_v poisonable_a though_o haply_o not_o in_o so_o great_a a_o degree_n as_o the_o air_n the_o air_n be_v a_o body_n much_o fine_a and_o pure_a than_o water_n that_o hold_v good_a in_o it_o corruptio_fw-la optimi_fw-la pessima_fw-la this_o be_v much_o confirm_v by_o what_o be_v before_o assert_v that_o in_o the_o coal_n whence_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v and_o they_o drain_v but_o not_o by_o free-course_n but_o by_o force_n as_o pump_v and_o draw_v by_o bucket_n these_o damp_n be_v seldom_o or_o never_o find_v because_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o water_n be_v force_v it_o do_v not_o so_o sudden_o dry_v the_o metal_n as_o the_o other_o whereby_o there_o be_v always_o leave_v in_o these_o space_n some_o water_n which_o be_v itself_o in_o motion_n keep_v the_o air_n also_o in_o motion_n with_o it_o and_o thereby_o the_o air_n be_v keep_v from_o corruption_n at_o least_o in_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o other_o hence_o we_o find_v that_o in_o these_o kind_n of_o coal_n the_o room_n underground_o be_v always_o wet_a or_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v so_o whereas_o in_o the_o other_o there_o will_v be_v no_o water_n find_v to_o wash_v a_o man_n hand_n and_o sometime_o the_o coal_n through_o want_n of_o water_n become_v so_o dry_a that_o it_o can_v be_v wrought_v in_o great_a piece_n as_o other_o but_o crush_v in_o the_o very_a work_n and_o when_o wrought_v be_v render_v useless_a and_o will_v not_o at_o all_o bourn_n this_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a conception_n of_o a_o worthy_a and_o learned_a person_n doctor_n george_n hepburn_n of_o monk-ridge_n with_o who_o i_o have_v occasion_n one_o day_n to_o discourse_n on_o this_o subject_a he_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o water_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o the_o coal_n whereby_o it_o be_v preserve_v fresh_a and_o incorrupt_v and_o that_o when_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v off_o and_o this_o damp_n follow_v it_o be_v not_o the_o air_n which_o succeed_v in_o place_n of_o the_o water_n and_o be_v corrupt_v for_o want_n of_o motion_n that_o occasion_n it_o but_o as_o we_o see_v when_o the_o corruption_n of_o a_o liquor_n within_o a_o vessel_n when_o the_o mother_n be_v go_v corrupt_v the_o vessel_n itself_o and_o occasion_n a_o ill_a savour_n or_o taste_v in_o the_o vessel_n so_o that_o the_o coal_n be_v corrupt_v by_o the_o want_n of_o its_o mother_n the_o water_n corrupt_v the_o air_n in_o the_o subterraneous_a space_n as_o in_o coal-mine_n sink_n cave_n and_o other_o such_o like_a he_o have_v likewise_o another_o pleasant_a conception_n about_o the_o generation_n of_o coal_n judge_v it_o to_o be_v form_v gradual_o out_o of_o another_o metal_n as_o of_o till_n by_o the_o help_n of_o water_n of_o which_o he_o himself_o may_v perhaps_o give_v a_o account_n and_o though_o i_o be_v not_o of_o his_o opinion_n in_o that_o matter_n yet_o i_o must_v acknowledge_v i_o be_v take_v with_o it_o and_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o see_v a_o more_o full_a account_n of_o it_o from_o he_o than_o he_o have_v access_n to_o do_v in_o the_o short_a conference_n we_o have_v the_o effect_n of_o this_o damp_n be_v first_o it_o hinder_v the_o burn_a of_o all_o combustible_a matter_n as_o candle_n coal_n pitch_n sulphur_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o if_o you_o take_v a_o torch_n light_v and_o let_v it_o down_o to_o a_o sink_v where_o the_o ill_a air_n be_v prevalent_a in_o the_o time_n it_o shall_v straight_o extinguish_v it_o or_o take_v a_o coal_n which_o be_v burn_v and_o let_v it_o down_o it_o shall_v not_o only_o extinguish_v the_o flame_n but_o shall_v make_v the_o coal_n in_o a_o instant_n dead_a and_o as_o cold_a as_o never_o heat_n have_v be_v in_o it_o but_o the_o most_o dangerous_a effect_n be_v its_o kill_v of_o live_a creature_n whereby_o many_o person_n have_v be_v sudden_o kill_v some_o in_o go_v down_o to_o a_o sink_v where_o it_o have_v be_v powerful_a have_v fall_v out_o of_o the_o rope_n and_o perish_v other_o have_v be_v choke_v and_o yet_o have_v get_v out_o by_o the_o help_n of_o other_o in_o a_o sudden_a and_o have_v remain_v a_o considerable_a time_n without_o the_o least_o appearance_n of_o life_n but_o yet_o have_v at_o last_o recover_v yet_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o some_o of_o these_o person_n that_o have_v be_v so_o strike_v with_o the_o damp_n and_o recover_v have_v have_v always_o some_o lightness_n of_o brain_n thereafter_o and_o never_o so_o settle_v as_o former_o this_o i_o know_v to_o have_v happen_v to_o one_o who_o i_o have_v see_v so_o many_o time_n thereafter_o what_o have_v be_v its_o effect_n on_o some_o animal_n whereof_o you_o have_v make_v experiment_n i_o leave_v to_o the_o account_n you_o have_v give_v one_o thing_n i_o shall_v only_o mention_v which_o to_o i_o seem_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o notwithstanding_o these_o damp_n be_v so_o effectual_a and_o cause_v so_o sudden_o the_o death_n of_o animal_n yet_o the_o rat_n which_o be_v in_o some_o of_o these_o place_n where_o the_o damp_n be_v most_o violent_a be_v not_o reach_v by_o they_o for_o sometime_o when_o they_o be_v so_o powerful_a that_o nothing_o that_o life_n can_v enter_v under_o ground_n without_o sudden_a death_n yet_o they_o continue_v there_o and_o be_v not_o find_v to_o diminish_v even_o where_o they_o have_v no_o access_n to_o escape_v by_o come_v above_o ground_n or_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v imagine_v they_o remove_v to_o some_o other_o place_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o damp_n be_v not_o how_o be_v it_o they_o be_v not_o as_o quick_o choke_v with_o it_o as_o dog_n be_v and_o other_o animal_n which_o at_o the_o first_o encounter_n be_v kill_v if_o it_o be_v inquire_v how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o in_o these_o field_n of_o coal_n which_o be_v dry_v full_o as_o be_v say_v and_o to_o which_o these_o damp_n be_v incident_a because_o of_o corrupt_a air_n that_o remain_v within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o coal_n or_o other_o metal_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v i_o say_v that_o they_o be_v but_o sometime_o incident_a and_o be_v not_o always_o find_v for_o clear_v this_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o even_o in_o the_o ground_n where_o these_o damp_n be_v most_o frequent_a for_o the_o reason_n above_o mention_v yet_o they_o be_v only_o powerful_a when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o such_o a_o certain_a point_n as_o some_o chimney_n that_o do_v only_a smoke_n when_o the_o wind_n be_v in_o such_o a_o airth_n this_o be_v

coal_n may_v be_v as_o at_z o_o and_o p._n this_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v the_o most_o certain_a and_o exact_a way_n of_o try_v field_n for_o coal_n or_o any_o other_o metal_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o least_o chargeable_a of_o all_o other_o the_o second_o of_o this_o last_o part_n i_o promise_v to_o speak_v of_o be_v in_o order_n to_o level_n or_o coal-mine_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o conduit_n or_o gutter_n make_v under_o ground_n for_o convey_v of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o coal_n and_o so_o render_v it_o workable_a it_o seem_v that_o a_o very_a little_a time_n before_o this_o that_o way_n of_o mine_a under_o ground_n have_v not_o be_v fall_v upon_o for_o there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v coal_n waste_v in_o their_o crop_n only_o for_o convey_v the_o water_n whereof_o they_o have_v make_v a_o conduit_n or_o level_v which_o have_v be_v open_a to_o the_o surface_n like_o a_o great_a ditch_n some_o whereof_o have_v be_v ten_o or_o twelve_o fathom_n in_o their_o deepness_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o level_n to_o keep_v the_o term_n use_v must_v always_o be_v at_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o field_n where_o the_o coal_n lie_v to_o be_v dry_v some_z whereof_o by_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o streek_a of_o the_o coal_n rise_v that_o way_n as_o we_o show_v before_o give_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o free_a level_n that_o be_v when_o the_o water_n come_v above_o ground_n of_o its_o own_o accord_n without_o be_v force_v by_o draw_v in_o other_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o engine_n to_o draw_v the_o water_n from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o level_n and_o bring_v it_o above_o ground_n which_o engine_n be_v of_o several_a sort_n as_o when_o man_n draw_v with_o ordinary_a bucket_n or_o when_o there_o be_v a_o horse-work_n or_o waterwork_n and_o that_o either_o by_o a_o chain_n with_o plate_n and_o a_o pump_n or_o with_o a_o chain_n and_o bucket_n all_o which_o be_v very_o common_a especial_o those_o we_o have_v in_o scotland_n they_o be_v capable_a to_o draw_v but_o a_o very_a small_a draught_n make_v only_a use_n of_o one_o sink_v for_o that_o effect_n but_o there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n in_o bishopric_n water-work_n by_o which_o water_n be_v draw_v above_o 40_o fathom_n in_o perpendicular_a but_o not_o all_o in_o one_o sink_n the_o manner_n whereof_o be_v thus_o there_o be_v a_o sink_v from_o the_o end_n of_o their_o level_n to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o their_o work_n be_v go_v 40_o fathom_n deep_a which_o must_v dry_v the_o coal-sinks_n at_o 60_o or_o 70_o which_o lie_v above_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n where_o the_o water-work_n be_v situate_v there_o be_v first_o one_o 40_o fathom_n deep_a from_o the_o grass_n another_o in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o that_o of_o 24._o another_o of_o 12_o upon_o all_o which_o there_o be_v water-work_n in_o the_o first_o sink_v the_o water_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o bottom_n 12_o fathom_n and_o thence_o convey_v into_o a_o level_n or_o i_o which_o carry_v it_o away_o to_o the_o second_o sink_v by_o the_o second_o work_n the_o water_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o second_o sink_v 14_o fathom_n from_o the_o bottom_n and_o set_v in_o by_o a_o level_n to_o the_o three_o sink_v which_o be_v only_o 12_o fathom_n deep_a the_o waterwork_n set_v it_o above_o ground_n the_o form_n of_o the_o engine_n be_v after_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o first_o sink_v there_o be_v a_o outter-wheel_n move_v as_o other_o milns_n be_v by_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n upon_o the_o end_n of_o the_o axletree_n of_o which_o wheel_n there_o be_v a_o ragg-wheel_n turn_v vertical_o as_o do_v the_o outer-wheel_n this_o ragg-wheel_n by_o a_o nutt_n or_o trinle_n turn_v another_o which_o move_v horizontal_o the_o axletree_n whereof_o go_v right_o down_o in_o the_o sink_v and_o may_v be_v be_v 8_o or_o 10_o fathom_n at_o the_o end_n whereof_o there_o be_v another_o rag_n which_o by_o a_o nutt_n turn_v another_o wheel_n which_o go_v vertical_o as_o the_o first_o rag_n and_o cause_v another_o wheel_n with_o a_o long_a axletree_n turn_v as_o the_o first_o and_o so_o down_o till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o wheel_n which_o turn_v the_o axletree_n by_o which_o the_o chain_n be_v draw_v the_o second_o sink_v have_v such_o another_o engine_n but_o not_o so_o many_o wheel_n in_o regard_n it_o be_v not_o so_o deep_a the_o three_o have_v only_o one_o single_a wheel_n whereby_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v above_o ground_n the_o most_o curious_a of_o these_o engine_n that_o be_v to_o be_v see_v be_v at_o ravensworth_n near_o to_o newcastle_n which_o belong_v to_o sir_n thomas_n liddel_n a_o most_o ingenious_a gentleman_n who_o for_o procure_v a_o fall_n of_o water_n which_o may_v serve_v the_o wheel_n of_o all_o the_o three_o sink_n have_v erect_v the_o first_o work_n upon_o pillar_n like_o a_o windmill_n pretty_a high_a above_o ground_n from_o which_o the_o water_n fall_v make_v the_o second_o go_v close_o above_o ground_n and_o to_o make_v the_o water_n fall_v to_o the_o three_o the_o whole_a wheel_n be_v make_v go_v within_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o terminat_n at_o a_o river_n under_o the_o work_n which_o mine_n be_v of_o a_o considerable_a length_n where_o water_n can_v be_v have_v to_o make_v such_o work_v go_v they_o use_v horse-work_n but_o not_o with_o so_o good_a success_n be_v more_o chargeable_a and_o not_o have_v so_o much_o force_n and_o power_n as_o the_o water-work_n but_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o wind-work_n may_v serve_v well_o where_o water_n can_v be_v have_v and_o when_o no_o wind_n shall_v happen_v to_o blow_v the_o same_o work_n may_v be_v supply_v by_o horse_n and_o that_o the_o wind_n when_o it_o blow_v but_o ordinary_o have_v as_o much_o force_n as_o so_o much_o water_n which_o be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o turn_v such_o wheel_n be_v to_o i_o unquestionable_a for_o i_o have_v see_v in_o holland_n a_o windmill_n that_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o outter-wheel_n cause_v seven_o pair_n of_o millstone_n to_o go_v at_o once_o beside_o another_o motion_n for_o bring_v the_o victual_n from_o the_o ground_n four_o or_o five_o story_n high_a to_o be_v grund_n and_o several_a saw-mill_n which_o beside_o six_o or_o seven_o great_a saw_n they_o cause_v go_v do_v by_o another_o motion_n bring_v up_o from_o the_o water_n great_a tree_n like_o ship-mast_n to_o be_v sawen_v and_o place_v they_o right_o against_o the_o saw_n all_o which_o can_v not_o be_v but_o of_o great_a weight_n than_o 10_o or_o 12_o fathom_n of_o chain_n with_o bucket_n or_o plate_n for_o draw_v of_o water_n but_o to_o return_v for_o the_o right_n make_v of_o a_o level_n the_o true_a height_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o coal_n lie_v must_v be_v first_o take_v that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v how_o much_o of_o the_o field_n can_v be_v drain_v by_o it_o which_o must_v be_v do_v either_o with_o a_o quadrant_n or_o with_o a_o instrument_n make_v express_v then_o care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o take_v the_o low_a part_n for_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o level_n that_o the_o field_n can_v afford_v and_o from_o that_o it_o must_v be_v carry_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n towards_o that_o part_n of_o the_o field_n where_o the_o coal_n be_v think_v to_o be_v encounter_v by_o the_o mine_n in_o work_v whereof_o two_o thing_n be_v in_o a_o special_a manner_n to_o be_v regard_v first_o that_o the_o level_v be_v wrought_v without_o ascent_n or_o descent_n the_o best_a way_n for_o try_v this_o be_v by_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n pass_v through_o it_o which_o ought_v to_o be_v as_o little_a move_n as_o can_v be_v for_o the_o loss_n of_o one_o foot_n of_o level_n which_o the_o ground_n give_v be_v a_o loss_n of_o a_o considerable_a parcel_n of_o coal_n to_o be_v dig_v especial_o if_o it_o be_v state_n if_o there_o occur_v any_o metal_n which_o be_v impregnable_a in_o the_o course_n of_o the_o level_n so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o follow_v so_o straight_o a_o line_n in_o regard_n the_o mine_n must_v be_v wrought_v over_o the_o top_n of_o that_o stone_n which_o be_v unworkable_a in_o that_o case_n there_o be_v but_o one_o of_o two_o to_o serve_v the_o loss_n of_o level_n either_o the_o coal_n rise_v in_o streek_a towards_o which_o the_o mine_n be_v carry_v and_o if_o that_o be_v then_o after_o that_o stone_n be_v past_a the_o level_n must_v be_v carry_v as_o low_a as_o it_o be_v before_o it_o encounter_v the_o same_o and_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o be_v obstruct_v because_o the_o source_n viz._n the_o coal_n from_o whence_o the_o water_n come_v rise_v high_a than_o the_o stone_n the_o water_n shall_v easy_o pass_v over_o that_o height_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o see_v in_o some_o coal_n that_o have_v be_v wrought_v at_o the_o low_a point_n of_o their_o streek_n by_o a_o drawing-sink_a and_o the_o streek_a rise_v from_o that_o point_n the_o water_n that_o have_v come_v off_o the_o coal_n be_v in_o its_o source_n high_o than_o the_o mouth_n of_o that_o drawing-sink_a have_v make_v it_o to_o overrun_v and_o serve_v to_o discharge_v all_o the_o water_n that_o come_v therefrom_o but_o if_o the_o mine_n be_v run_v to_o a_o coal_n that_o after_o it_o have_v overtake_v it_o rise_v no_o high_a in_o streek_a than_o the_o mine_n itself_o the_o water_n that_o come_v from_o it_o will_v not_o pass_v over_o any_o height_n in_o its_o way_n but_o will_v be_v unquestionable_o stop_v therefore_o in_o case_n such_o a_o impediment_n can_v not_o be_v remove_v as_o many_o time_n such_o metal_n will_v fall_v in_o which_o be_v unworkable_a in_o a_o direct_a line_n the_o use_n of_o a_o siphon_n may_v be_v try_v which_o will_v unquestionable_o supply_v the_o loss_n of_o about_o 32_o foot_n of_o level_n this_o be_v the_o height_n in_o perpendicular_a to_o which_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v water_n up_o through_o a_o siphon_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o carry_v on_o of_o level_n be_v the_o air-hole_n for_o which_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n indispensable_a in_o set_v down_o whereof_o care_n must_v be_v have_v that_o they_o be_v not_o direct_o upon_o the_o mine_n lest_o rubbish_n fall_v through_o from_o above_o ground_n shall_v stop_v and_o obstruct_v the_o same_o and_o so_o obstruct_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v better_a they_o be_v set_v down_o at_o a_o side_n their_o only_a use_n be_v to_o communicate_v fresh_a air_n to_o the_o workman_n which_o if_o it_o can_v be_v otherwise_o supply_v as_o i_o think_v it_o not_o utter_o impossible_a will_v render_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o coal-work_n a_o great_a deal_n more_o easy_a other_o thing_n may_v be_v speak_v to_o of_o level_n as_o that_o some_o run_v with_o the_o course_n of_o metal_n they_o pass_v through_o and_o that_o some_o run_v against_o that_o course_n and_o of_o bring_v level_n from_o the_o dip_v of_o a_o upper-coal_n which_o have_v a_o level_n of_o its_o own_o to_o dry_v a_o coal_n lie_v under_o it_o which_o can_v be_v otherwise_o do_v but_o these_o thing_n be_v common_a and_o obvious_a to_o any_o who_o have_v but_o the_o small_a skill_n and_o experience_n i_o shall_v forbear_v this_o confuse_a account_n your_o importunity_n have_v draw_v from_o i_o for_o which_o if_o your_o book_n suffer_v censure_n which_o i_o grant_v it_o may_v do_v as_o to_o this_o part_n of_o it_o you_o be_v to_o blame_v yourself_o and_o so_o i_o rest_v and_o be_o etc._n etc._n finis_fw-la