madam_n katherine_n preston_n daughter_n and_o heiress_n of_o thomas_n preston_n of_o holker_n esq._n though_o this_o digression_n be_v foreign_a to_o a_o natural_a history_n yet_o i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v pardon_v it_o since_o i_o can_v not_o well_o pass_v by_o so_o considerable_a a_o building_n some_o water_n we_o have_v which_o cast_v up_o marine_a shell_n as_o latham_n spa_n do_v former_o but_o that_o be_v troublesome_a to_o the_o drinker_n have_v be_v prèvent_v by_o lay_v millstone_n upon_o the_o spring_n so_o that_o the_o sand_n and_o shell_n can_v boil_v up_o so_o high_a as_o former_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o vitriolic_a chalybeates_n and_o be_v remote_a from_o the_o sea_n or_o any_o salt_n river_n whence_o therefore_o these_o shell_n come_v may_v be_v worth_a our_o enquiry_n and_o a_o clear_a decision_n of_o that_o may_v far_o illustrate_v those_o other_o marine_a shell_n find_v in_o marle_n as_o the_o echini_n cochleae_fw-la torcular_n whilk_n and_o periwinkle_n of_o which_o i_o have_v great_a number_n by_o i_o and_o take_v they_o myself_o out_o of_o firm_a marl_n at_o three_o fathom_v deep_a some_o be_v entire_a other_o break_v but_o all_o soft_a and_o friable_a yet_o grow_v hard_a as_o coral_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air._n the_o decision_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n depend_v upon_o the_o origin_n of_o fountain_n i_o think_v it_o a_o pardonable_a digression_n if_o i_o a_o little_a expatiate_v on_o that_o subject_n before_o we_o descend_v to_o the_o particular_a case_n spring_n by_o the_o french_a virtuoso_n be_v suppose_v to_o flow_v from_o the_o dew_n rains_n and_o mist_n imbibe_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o afterward_o form_v into_o various_a current_n which_o be_v those_o we_o common_o call_v spring_n now_o this_o be_v a_o notion_n inconsistent_a with_o reason_n i_o can_v adhere_v to_o it_o for_o be_v this_o hypothesis_n true_a it_o will_v hence_o follow_v in_o the_o various_a season_n of_o the_o year_n as_o summer_n and_o winter_n they_o will_v vary_v very_o much_o in_o their_o current_n as_o to_o quantity_n which_o in_o several_a spring_n be_v not_o discernible_a second_o several_a spring_n be_v find_v in_o mine_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n deep_a than_o the_o dew_n and_o rains_n be_v suppose_v to_o descend_v three_o some_o country_n abound_v with_o spring_n where_o dew_n and_o rains_n be_v never_o know_v to_o fall_v from_o all_o these_o it_o be_v evident_a continual_a spring_n can_v never_o be_v imagine_v to_o be_v cause_v by_o rains_n and_o dews_n it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o they_o either_o proceed_v from_o the_o ocean_n or_o a_o subterraneous_a abyss_n the_o latter_a of_o these_o the_o learned_a dr._n woodward_n adhere_v to_o and_o can_v such_o a_o thing_n be_v make_v out_o his_o hypothesis_n will_v be_v undeniable_a but_o such_o a_o thing_n as_o a_o abyss_n be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v discover_v in_o nature_n and_o that_o what_o notion_n we_o have_v of_o it_o be_v only_o from_o moses_n that_o divine_a philosopher_n in_o what_o sense_n the_o inspire_a legislator_n may_v take_v the_o abyss_n we_o pretend_v not_o to_o determine_v whether_o the_o ocean_n in_o general_n or_o a_o subterraneous_a collection_n of_o water_n equal_a to_o it_o and_o keep_v a_o communication_n with_o it_o as_o dr._n woodward_n suppose_v wherefore_o we_o rather_o assert_v what_o the_o great_a aristotle_n suppose_v concern_v spring_n that_o they_o have_v their_o rise_n from_o the_o sea_n of_o this_o caesar_n have_v a_o clear_a demonstration_n when_o he_o invade_v this_o island_n and_o encamp_v upon_o the_o sea_n coast_n where_o by_o dig_v in_o the_o sand_n he_o be_v instant_o supply_v with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o fresh_a water_n which_o by_o filter_v through_o the_o sand_n become_v sweet_a the_o saline_a particle_n stick_v in_o the_o sand._n a_o phaenomenon_n like_v to_o this_o be_v observe_v when_o that_o great_a general_n duke_n schomberg_n encamp_v upon_o a_o plain_n call_v the_o melt_v near_o hile-lake_n this_o grant_v then_o that_o spring_n have_v their_o rise_n from_o the_o ocean_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o they_o may_v bring_v up_o marine_a shell_n and_o unless_o this_o be_v allow_v i_o think_v the_o phaenomenon_n can_v otherwise_o be_v fair_o illustrate_v but_o how_o this_o become_v a_o mineral_n water_n be_v from_o the_o mineral_n bass_n from_o which_o it_o spring_v against_o this_o hypothesis_n there_o remain_v yet_o one_o material_a objection_n viz._n if_o fountain_n have_v their_o rise_n from_o the_o sea_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o there_o be_v spring_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n which_o be_v high_a than_o the_o sea_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o hydrostatic_a experiment_n water_n will_v not_o natural_o rise_v above_o its_o level_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v no_o wise_a demonstrable_a that_o there_o be_v any_o mountain_n high_o than_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n since_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o globe_n of_o equal_a magnitude_n with_o the_o earth_n second_o grant_v it_o be_v so_o yet_o it_o be_v probable_a those_o mountain_n lie_v in_o the_o middle_a region_n a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o aqueous_a particle_n may_v be_v imbibe_v by_o the_o earth_n to_o produce_v spring_n there_o and_o yet_o this_o particular_a instance_n do_v no_o way_n invalidate_v the_o general_a hypothesis_n in_o which_o be_v mean_v the_o generality_n of_o spring_n and_o not_o each_o particular_a fountain_n it_o be_v true_a subterraneous_a eruption_n of_o water_n especial_o after_o earthquake_n as_o at_o port-royal_a in_o jamaica_n and_o at_o kirby_n in_o furness_n in_o lancashire_n have_v happen_v which_o have_v drive_v down_o house_n and_o rock_n of_o that_o magnitude_n that_o many_o team_n of_o ox_n can_v not_o move_v by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v there_o be_v a_o subterraneous_a abyss_n of_o water_n to_o this_o i_o say_v it_o be_v not_o certain_a whether_o these_o come_v from_o the_o ocean_n or_o from_o a_o abyss_n and_o shall_v not_o therefore_o pretend_v to_o determine_v it_o but_o shall_v proceed_v to_o what_o i_o next_o propose_v and_o that_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o mineral_n water_n in_o do_v of_o which_o i_o begin_v with_o those_o impregnate_v with_o vitriol_n the_o vitriol_n spring_n in_o the_o kennel-pit_n at_o haigh_n when_o i_o first_o try_v it_o yield_v a_o ounce_n of_o vitriol_n from_o a_o quart_n of_o water_n nay_o it_o be_v so_o high_o implete_v with_o vitriol_n that_o any_o common_a alkaly_n will_v raise_v a_o fermentation_n with_o it_o and_o cause_v a_o precipitation_n the_o vitriol_n it_o yield_v be_v white_a for_o the_o great_a part_n though_o there_o be_v some_o green_a mix_v with_o it_o it_o be_v not_o now_o of_o that_o strength_n several_a fresh_a spring_n have_v break_v in_o which_o yet_o may_v easy_o be_v divert_v of_o this_o the_o rev_n d_o dr._n wroe_n our_o warden_n have_v be_v frequent_o a_o eye-witness_n notwithstanding_o this_o dr._n lister_n with_o unequalled_a assurance_n tell_v the_o world_n vitriol_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o water_n in_o england_n but_o that_o all_o water_n of_o a_o vitriolic_a taste_n be_v only_o impregnate_v with_o a_o pyrite_n which_o we_o vulgar_o call_v firestone_n germinate_v in_o the_o water_n and_o this_o must_v be_v impose_v upon_o the_o world_n as_o implicit_o as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o article_n of_o faith_n in_o philosophy_n for_o any_o man_n to_o oppose_v he_o he_o brand_v he_o straight_o with_o the_o character_n of_o mean_a and_o impudent_a and_o such_o like_a opprobrious_a epithet_n a_o language_n if_o i_o mistake_v not_o unaccountable_a for_o one_o of_o his_o gown_n and_o dignity_n for_o my_o part_n what_o i_o relate_v be_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o the_o dr._n may_v be_v full_o convince_v if_o he_o please_v if_o not_o it_o be_v no_o fault_n of_o i_o and_o since_o i_o can_v as_o firm_o believe_v the_o germination_n of_o the_o pyrite_n in_o our_o chalybeat_a water_n as_o they_o be_v common_o call_v to_o be_v like_o that_o of_o mint_n in_o bottle_n of_o water_n i_o hope_v the_o dr._n will_v pardon_v my_o infidelity_n till_o he_o give_v i_o better_a ground_n for_o it_o at_o which_o he_o have_v not_o yet_o offer_v any_o far_a than_o a_o capricious_a ipse_fw-la dixit_fw-la adjacent_a to_o a_o place_n call_v humblesco-green_a in_o a_o small_a farm_n in_o maudsley_n be_v a_o spring_n impregnate_v with_o sulphur_n and_o a_o marine_a salt_n the_o water_n be_v extreme_o foetid_v tinge_v silver_n a_o copper_n colour_n by_o its_o sulphur_n in_o distillation_n a_o quart_n of_o water_n yield_v half_o a_o ounce_n of_o sulphur_n salt_n this_o spring_n no_o question_n will_v answer_v all_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o sulphur_n water_n near_o knaseborough_n in_o yorkshire_n either_o as_o
with_o sulphur_n vitriol_n and_o ochre_n a_o little_a of_o the_o lapis_fw-la scissilis_fw-la and_o a_o marine_a salt_n unite_v with_o the_o bitter_a purge_a salt_n as_o in_o the_o chalybeat_a water_n at_o latham_n but_o these_o two_o last_o it_o yield_v in_o small_a quantity_n a_o gallon_n of_o water_n not_o afford_v many_o grain_n of_o salt_n but_o ochre_n and_o vitriol_n they_o contain_v plentiful_o the_o ochre_n be_v impregnate_v with_o iron_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n and_o no_o other_o may_v these_o water_n be_v call_v chalybeat_n the_o sulphur_n be_v only_o discernible_a early_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o that_o chief_o by_o their_o smell_n though_o there_o be_v a_o chalybeat_a near_o manchester_n who_o smell_n be_v very_o sulphureous_a at_o all_o time_n these_o water_n most_o common_o spring_v out_o of_o a_o bass_n that_o be_v impregnate_v with_o sulphur_n ochre_n and_o vitriol_n which_o i_o demonstrate_v to_o the_o hon_n d_o sir_n john_n floyer_n at_o buxton_n i_o show_v he_o the_o shalt_v or_o bass_n and_o by_o infuse_v various_a proportion_n of_o it_o in_o common_a water_n you_o may_v have_v all_o the_o various_a colour_n of_o the_o acidulae_n viz._n a_o pale_a red_a a_o deep_a red_a a_o violet_n and_o a_o purple_a as_o therefore_o the_o acidulae_n be_v different_o impregnate_v with_o this_o bass_n their_o colour_n be_v likewise_o different_a at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o show_v he_o a_o acidula_fw-la spring_v out_o of_o this_o bass_n and_o likewise_o that_o the_o bass_n be_v impregnate_v with_o sulphur_n vitriol_n and_o ochre_n though_o dr._n lister_n vehement_o affirm_v no_o stone_n but_o the_o pyrite_n contain_v vitriol_n but_o when_o a_o man_n write_v only_o what_o he_o fancy_n and_o not_o what_o he_o see_v it_o can_v be_v imagine_v but_o he_o must_v assert_v many_o paradox_n and_o by_o too_o tenacious_o adhere_v to_o a_o well_o weave_v hypothesis_n in_o effect_n make_v himself_o one_o of_o the_o mean_a of_o philosopher_n it_o be_v not_o the_o mechanism_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o espouse_v of_o a_o word_n which_o sound_v pleasant_o that_o illustrate_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n but_o that_o which_o be_v plain_a easy_a and_o intelligible_a and_o what_o may_v rational_o from_o experiment_n be_v deduce_v that_o give_v a_o man_n a_o true_a gust_n in_o natural_a learning_n the_o dr._n then_o may_v rail_v as_o long_o as_o he_o please_v but_o he_o can_v never_o make_v i_o disbelieve_v my_o sense_n or_o assent_v to_o that_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o common_a reason_n of_o mankind_n of_o these_o i_o have_v give_v a_o full_a account_n in_o my_o tentamen_fw-la of_o mineral_n water_n and_o my_o exercitation_n to_o those_o therefore_o i_o refer_v my_o reader_n i_o shall_v only_o presume_v so_o far_o upon_o the_o reader_n be_v patience_n to_o annex_v the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o shall_v not_o expatiate_v further_o on_o this_o subject_a the_o first_o be_v to_o show_v why_o gall_n oak-leaves_a etc._n etc._n will_v give_v a_o tincture_n with_o those_o water_n vulgar_o chalybeat_v and_o why_o other_o acid_n will_v not_o the_o second_o be_v to_o illustrate_v how_o by_o mix_v acid_n with_o those_o water_n before_o you_o put_v the_o gall_n to_o they_o that_o then_o the_o gall_n etc._n etc._n will_v not_o to_o clear_v these_o phaenomena_n we_o must_v premise_v these_o hypothesis_n viz._n that_o several_a of_o the_o mineral_n particle_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o fluid_fw-la perhaps_o as_o near_o to_o a_o equilibrium_n or_o balance_n as_o can_v easy_o be_v conceive_v so_o that_o the_o least_o addition_n of_o another_o body_n to_o they_o must_v instant_o cause_v a_o precipitation_n and_o consequent_o then_o give_v a_o tincture_n to_o these_o water_n by_o implete_n their_o pore_n and_o so_o in_o different_a angle_n transmit_v the_o light_n which_o must_v needs_o introduce_v a_o diversity_n of_o colour_n viz._n a_o pale_a red_a agat_n violet_n purple_a or_o intense_a red_a according_a to_o the_o various_a proportion_n of_o the_o mineral_n impregnate_v the_o water_n hence_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o the_o gall_n contain_v a_o volatile_a acid_n or_o rather_o austere_a that_o by_o their_o hook_a particle_n they_o easy_o clasp_v themselves_o about_o the_o mineral_n particle_n and_o must_v therefore_o as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o premise_n lay_v down_o necessary_o cause_v a_o precipitation_n of_o the_o mineral_n which_o i_o shall_v more_o full_o illustrate_v by_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o the_o mineral_n particle_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o fluid_fw-la in_o the_o manner_n recite_v it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o earth_n over_o which_o these_o spring_n run_v be_v always_o cover_v with_o a_o ochre_n which_o to_o i_o seem_v evident_o to_o hint_n that_o the_o mineral_n to_o the_o fluid_n retain_v so_o equal_a a_o balance_n that_o the_o least_o motion_n occasion_n a_o separation_n and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o those_o place_n where_o they_o have_v their_o current_n they_o constant_o drop_v a_o ochre_n and_o colour_v the_o earth_n as_o before_o observe_v the_o second_o experiment_n be_v this_o if_o before_o you_o put_v in_o the_o gall_n you_o add_v a_o acid_n to_o the_o water_n as_o for_o example_n spirit_n of_o vitriol_n or_o sulphur_n the_o gall_n than_o give_v little_a or_o no_o tincture_n to_o the_o water_n and_o the_o reason_n i_o take_v to_o be_v this_o the_o acid_n you_o mix_v with_o it_o be_v specifical_o heavy_a than_o either_o the_o mineral_n particle_n or_o the_o fluid_a by_o their_o rigid_a inflexible_a particle_n keep_v the_o mineral_n suspend_v so_o that_o consequent_o the_o acid_n of_o the_o gall_n be_v volatile_a it_o be_v not_o powerful_a enough_o to_o bring_v they_o down_o and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o by_o this_o method_n they_o usual_o hover_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o a_o azure_a cloud_n the_o mineral_n as_o well_o as_o that_o be_v volatile_a which_o be_v abundant_o evident_a both_o in_o the_o evaporation_n of_o those_o water_n and_o likewise_o by_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o sun_n which_o in_o twentyfour_o hour_n make_v they_o insipid_a and_o in_o that_o space_n of_o time_n so_o sequester_v of_o the_o mineral_n particle_n that_o then_o they_o will_v not_o yield_v any_o tincture_n with_o a_o gall_n or_o if_o any_o but_o a_o faint_a one_o so_o volatile_a be_v the_o vitriol_n in_o those_o water_n which_o no_o doubt_n be_v carry_v off_o by_o the_o sulphur_n which_o from_o its_o volatility_n may_v just_o be_v draw_v like_o the_o statue_n of_o mercury_n wing_a and_o still_o point_v upward_o to_o these_o i_o think_v necessary_a to_o add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n that_o i_o may_v do_v justice_n both_o to_o the_o public_a and_o to_o that_o most_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a gentleman_n richard_n townley_n of_o townley_n esq_n who_o communicate_v they_o to_o i_o in_o the_o water_n at_o burnley_n in_o lancashire_n he_o have_v observe_v the_o follow_a phaenomena_n first_o that_o if_o that_o water_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n there_o will_v subside_o a_o scarlet_a sediment_n this_o be_v a_o phaenomenon_n never_o observe_v before_o in_o any_o water_n in_o england_n i_o ever_o hear_v of_o it_o may_v therefore_o just_o challenge_v our_o conjecture_n about_o it_o ochre_n and_o lapis_fw-la scissilis_fw-la which_o be_v the_o usual_a hypostasis_n of_o those_o kind_n of_o water_n it_o be_v most_o evident_a it_o can_v not_o be_v the_o one_o be_v of_o a_o yellow_a the_o other_o of_o a_o greyish_a colour_n but_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o bituminous_a exalt_a sulphur_n and_o this_o will_v more_o full_o appear_v when_o we_o come_v to_o examine_v its_o salt_n of_o which_o it_o contain_v three_o different_a species_n first_o a_o small_a proportion_n of_o natron_n or_o egyptian_a nitre_n which_o if_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n will_v like_v that_o or_o salt_n of_o tartar_n dissolve_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la will_v ferment_n with_o any_o acid_n and_o have_v a_o strong_a lixivial_a taste_n after_o the_o natron_n have_v run_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la there_o remain_v another_o salt_n entire_a which_o if_o dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n or_o water_n total_o fly_v off_o by_o which_o it_o be_v plain_a the_o salt_n be_v volatile_a and_o most_o probable_o the_o volatile_a salt_n of_o the_o natron_n which_o be_v the_o only_o fix_a alcali_n in_o the_o world_n i_o know_v of_o that_o by_o this_o method_n or_o by_o the_o fix_a salt_n of_o tartar_n will_v yield_v a_o volatile_a alcalisate_n salt_n from_o which_o phaenomena_n it_o be_v undeniable_o evident_a dr._n lister_n be_v mistake_v when_o to_o use_v his_o own_o word_n he_o violent_o affirm_v no_o water_n in_o england_n contain_v natron_n a_o gallon_n of_o this_o water_n contain_v about_o twelve_o grain_n of_o sediment_n and_o four_o or_o five_o of_o salt_n the_o salt_n when_o separate_v from_o their_o earth_n be_v white_a but_o will_v not_o
shoot_v into_o any_o regular_a crystal_n have_v a_o smell_n much_o like_o that_o of_o natural_a balsam_n which_o to_o i_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o scarlet_a sulphur_n that_o precipitate_v in_o the_o water_n by_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n this_o water_n have_v a_o vitriolate_a taste_n and_o with_o gall_n yield_v a_o tincture_n of_o a_o agate_n colour_n have_v be_v experiment_a in_o scorbutic_a case_n and_o answer_v the_o desire_a end_n the_o hanbridge_n water_n a_o small_a spring_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o burnley_n and_o townley_n yield_v a_o natron_n or_o natural_a alcali_n as_o those_o bourbon_n water_n in_o france_n cite_v by_o monsieur_n du-closs_n and_o another_o alcalious_a salt_n which_o like_o a_o terebinthinate_a or_o resinous_n body_n will_v melt_v with_o a_o small_a degree_n of_o heat_n it_o be_v plain_a the_o reason_n why_o this_o salt_n melt_v by_o heat_n be_v only_o from_o a_o volatile_a bitumen_n unite_v with_o it_o for_o the_o salt_n be_v long_o keep_v in_o a_o glass_n vial_n will_v not_o melt_v by_o any_o moderate_a degree_n of_o heat_n but_o be_v then_o pure_o alcalious_a the_o bitumen_n be_v whole_o evaporate_v as_o i_o find_v in_o my_o observation_n at_o townley_n this_o water_n at_o the_o fountain_n with_o gall_n yield_v a_o tincture_n incline_v to_o a_o faint_a orange_n if_o keep_v any_o considerable_a time_n in_o glass_n bottle_n a_o perfect_a citrine_n contain_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o natron_n of_o any_o in_o these_o part_n purge_n by_o stool_n and_o urine_n and_o be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o the_o stone_n and_o scurvy_n as_o have_v be_v find_v by_o several_a person_n who_o in_o those_o case_n have_v try_v they_o with_o great_a success_n the_o water_n near_o emmet_n which_o be_v about_o two_o mile_n distant_a from_o those_o forementioned_a water_n be_v of_o a_o vitriolate_a taste_n and_o sulphureous_a smell_n which_o with_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n yield_v a_o white_a precipitate_v which_o no_o other_o water_n in_o those_o part_n will_v do_v nor_o any_o in_o france_n as_o the_o french_a virtuoso_n have_v observe_v and_o indeed_o only_a those_o at_o spada_n in_o germany_n and_o if_o so_o it_o may_v be_v high_o worth_a our_o time_n by_o frequent_a and_o strict_a trial_n both_o in_o case_n in_o physic_n and_o experiment_n in_o chemistry_n to_o find_v out_o the_o principle_n and_o use_v of_o it_o which_o may_v perhaps_o save_v we_o the_o expense_n of_o a_o tedious_a fatigue_n to_o spada_n at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o see_v there_o a_o salt_n prepare_v from_o a_o water_n in_o yorkshire_n which_o have_v exact_o the_o smell_n of_o hipposelinum_n or_o horse-parsley_n a_o phaenomenon_n never_o yet_o observe_v in_o any_o salt_n before_o this_o smell_n proceed_v from_o a_o certain_a proportion_n of_o bituminous_a saline_a and_o terrene_a particle_n for_o what_o remain_v after_o evaporation_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a colour_n and_o contain_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o terrene_a matter_n but_o the_o salt_n when_o separate_v be_v perfect_a concoct_v vitriol_n dr._n lister_n may_v here_o again_o be_v satisfy_v of_o his_o error_n for_o not_o only_o the_o water_n in_o lancashire_n but_o those_o likewise_o in_o yorkshire_n contain_v perfect_a concoct_v vitriol_n nay_o in_o the_o same_o coal-mine_n near_o burnley_n there_o be_v spring_n of_o perfect_a vitriol_n and_o under_o these_o other_o that_o contain_v natron_n or_o egyptian_a nitre_n as_o the_o abovementioned_a ingenious_a gentleman_n full_o demonstrate_v to_o i_o when_o i_o be_v last_o there_o another_o salt_n the_o say_a richard_n townley_n of_o townley_n esq_n show_v i_o which_o be_v perfect_a salt-petre_a prepare_v from_o a_o very_a rapid_a spring_n a_o gallon_n of_o which_o contain_v half_o a_o ounce_n of_o this_o salt_n which_o upon_o chrystallization_n shoot_v like_o salt-petre_a from_o india_n into_o long_a striae_fw-la and_o fulminate_v with_o sulphur_n this_o salt_n he_o have_v from_o a_o gentleman_n that_o discover_v the_o spring_n but_o at_o present_a conceal_v the_o place_n so_o that_o what_o myself_o and_o other_o have_v allege_v in_o affirm_v no_o water_n in_o england_n to_o contain_v salt-petre_a be_v erroneous_a let_v other_o retract_v when_o they_o think_v convenient_a for_o my_o part_n i_o fair_o own_o my_o error_n and_o from_o repeat_v observation_n can_v positive_o affirm_v there_o be_v no_o marine_a salt_n but_o what_o contain_v more_o or_o less_o of_o indian_a nitre_n but_o the_o proportion_n be_v so_o small_a and_o the_o method_n of_o prepare_v it_o so_o tedious_a it_o will_v not_o be_v of_o any_o far_a use_n than_o to_o satisfy_v the_o curious_a enquirer_n but_o the_o advantage_n that_o may_v accrue_v from_o the_o before_o recite_v spring_n may_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a treasure_n as_o well_o as_o secret_n in_o nature_n the_o next_o mineral-water_n i_o shall_v consider_v be_v those_o spring_v out_o of_o bass_n and_o sulphureous_a only_o of_o these_o the_o most_o note_a be_v one_o near_o a_o place_n call_v inglewhite_n this_o spring_n out_o of_o a_o black_a bass_n which_o by_o calcination_n i_o find_v to_o contain_v sulphur_n the_o water_n have_v a_o very_a sulphureous_a smell_n as_o strong_a as_o that_o near_a harrigate_n in_o yorkshire_n but_o contain_v little_a or_o no_o salt_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n it_o be_v not_o purgative_n like_o that_o but_o by_o add_v the_o like_a proportion_n of_o common_a salt_n to_o it_o viz._n about_o a_o dram_n to_o a_o pint_n of_o water_n that_o inconvenience_n be_v remedy_v and_o then_o you_o have_v either_o sulphureous_a bath_n or_o purge_v water_n for_o my_o part_n i_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o add_v the_o bitter_a purge_a salt_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a have_v now_o examine_v all_o the_o various_a water_n spring_v out_o of_o bass_n we_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o give_v account_n of_o saline_a sulphureous_a water_n arise_v out_o of_o other_o mineral_n and_o i_o shall_v begin_v first_o with_o the_o sulphur_n water_n near_o wigan_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o place_n the_o burning-well_a this_o be_v a_o very_a divert_v phaenomenon_n and_o for_o its_o rarity_n be_v visit_v by_o most_o person_n who_o curiosity_n lead_v they_o to_o natural_a inquiry_n it_o be_v about_o two_o mile_n from_o wigan_n in_o a_o village_n call_v aucliff_n in_o the_o ground_n of_o william_n mollineux_n of_o that_o place_n esq._n the_o well_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o tree_n the_o water_n cold_a and_o without_o any_o smell_n when_o any_o person_n come_v to_o see_v it_o a_o man_n clear_v the_o well_o from_o all_o its_o water_n that_o do_v you_o will_v immediate_o hear_v a_o hiss_a noise_n in_o a_o corner_n of_o it_o and_o by_o hold_v a_o light_a candle_n near_o to_o it_o the_o sulphureous_a halitus_fw-la immediate_o take_v fire_n and_o afterward_o spread_v itself_o upon_o what_o water_n have_v issue_v in_o and_o it_o be_v only_o then_o indeed_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v call_v the_o burning-well_a it_o be_v observable_a though_o this_o sulphureous_a halitus_fw-la continual_o mix_v with_o water_n yet_o the_o water_n continue_v cold_a nor_o will_v it_o thing_fw-mi silver_n wherefore_o i_o imagine_v this_o halitus_fw-la be_v pure_o sulphureous_a consist_v only_o of_o oily_a inflammable_a particle_n without_o any_o mixture_n of_o vitriol_n or_o if_o any_o but_o inconsiderable_a and_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o suppose_v this_o kind_n of_o sulphur_n to_o impregnate_n the_o bath_n at_o buxton_n it_o be_v plain_a from_o these_o and_o the_o sulphur_n wells_n at_o maudsley_n and_o those_o at_o harrigate_n in_o yorkshire_n which_o be_v all_o sulphureous_a and_o yet_o all_o cold_a water_n that_o it_o be_v only_o by_o accident_n that_o sulphur_n water_n become_v hot_a viz._n by_o collision_n of_o the_o sulphureous_a particle_n when_o in_o the_o spiracle_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o have_v not_o a_o free_a open_a passage_n they_o beat_v and_o dash_v one_o upon_o another_o and_o by_o that_o collision_n grow_v hot_a as_o we_o may_v observe_v in_o the_o rub_n of_o the_o phosphorus_n which_o immediate_o take_v fire_n likewise_o in_o new_a hay_n and_o in_o wheel_n take_v fire_n by_o motion_n only_o for_o to_o imagine_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o bath_n to_o proceed_v from_o fermentation_n in_o the_o water_n or_o from_o subterraneous_a fire_n be_v no_o wise_a consistent_a with_o experience_n which_o after_o all_o our_o hypothesis_n must_v be_v the_o true_a touchstone_n of_o our_o reason_n the_o forego_v instance_n may_v convince_v the_o world_n that_o sulphureous_a particle_n grow_v hot_a without_o ignition_n and_o that_o there_o be_v sulphureous_a particle_n in_o all_o hot_a bath_n be_v abundant_o demonstrate_v but_o for_o a_o far_a illustration_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n take_v this_o follow_a experiment_n let_v some_o brimstone_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n in_o a_o glass_n body_n immediate_o upon_o its_o take_a flame_n stop_v
a_o great_a measure_n depend_v upon_o the_o magnitude_n and_o number_n of_o their_o pore_n and_o according_a to_o those_o various_o subside_v conformable_a to_o these_o phaenomena_n be_v moses_n history_n of_o the_o creation_n where_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o genesis_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v without_o form_n and_o void_a and_o darkness_n be_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o deep_a and_o that_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n move_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n but_o these_o last_o word_n be_v more_o apt_o express_v by_o junius_n and_o tremellius_n those_o two_o great_a master_n of_o the_o hebrew_n language_n who_o from_o the_o hebrew_n text_n translate_v it_o not_o movebat_fw-la but_o spiritus_fw-la dei_fw-la incubabat_fw-la superficiei_fw-la aquarum_fw-la that_o be_v the_o spirit_n of_o god_n brood_a upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n a_o metaphor_n take_v from_o a_o fowl_n hatch_n her_o young_a one_o the_o explication_n of_o which_o text_n further_a evince_n that_o at_o the_o creation_n before_o any_o thing_n be_v reduce_v to_o form_n this_o globe_n be_v a_o immense_a liquid_a consist_v of_o all_o sort_n of_o particle_n hence_o not_o only_o from_o phaenomena_n in_o nature_n but_o likewise_o from_o divine_a writ_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o prodigious_a mountain_n be_v the_o subsidence_n of_o a_o fluid_a wherefore_o how_o rugged_a soever_o these_o may_v appear_v to_o the_o eye_n yet_o even_o these_o if_o we_o pry_v into_o their_o innermost_a recess_n undeniable_o evidence_n the_o power_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o omnipotent_a be_v so_o that_o though_o there_o be_v not_o a_o universal_a dissolution_n of_o their_o strata_n at_o the_o deluge_n as_o be_v before_o manifest_v yet_o to_o account_v for_o the_o various_a phaenomena_n observable_a in_o those_o mountain_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o must_v once_o have_v be_v fluid_a body_n and_o successive_o indurate_v into_o these_o hard_a consistence_n by_o their_o own_o gravity_n and_o the_o heat_n and_o salt_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n upon_o the_o recede_a of_o the_o water_n as_o moses_n clear_o evince_v in_o the_o same_o chapter_n where_o god_n say_v let_v the_o water_n under_o the_o heaven_n be_v gather_v together_o into_o one_o place_n and_o let_v the_o dry_a land_n appear_v and_o it_o be_v so_o and_o the_o evening_n and_o the_o morning_n be_v the_o first_o day_n which_o bring_v i_o to_o a_o small_a digression_n in_o inquire_v what_o in_o those_o antediluvian_n age_n be_v mean_v by_o a_o day_n a_o hour_n or_o a_o year_n the_o latin_a word_n hora_n have_v be_v judge_v by_o some_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v to_o limit_v or_o bind_v because_o it_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o time_n so_o in_o mathethematics_n come_v the_o word_n horizon_n because_o that_o terminate_v the_o sight_n but_o macrobius_n and_o pausanias_n both_o allege_v that_o its_o original_n be_v owe_v to_o the_o egyptian_n because_o the_o sun_n in_o their_o language_n be_v style_v horum_fw-la the_o septuagint_a interpreter_n will_v have_v it_o indifferent_o to_o express_v a_o short_a space_n of_o time_n hence_o in_o st._n luke_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v use_v for_o suppertime_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o hour_n ancient_o signify_v the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n hence_o the_o greek_a annal_n call_v they_o their_o hori_n and_o their_o writer_n horographici_fw-la some_o there_o be_v that_o think_v the_o greek_n call_v that_o part_n of_o time_n a_o hour_n wherein_o the_o dog-star_n arise_v hence_o galen_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr alimentis_fw-la call_v those_o horean_a fruit_n which_o spring_v up_o at_o that_o time_n wherein_o the_o dog-star_n arise_v in_o general_a by_o a_o hour_n the_o ancient_n have_v signify_v a_o age_n and_o by_o the_o twelve_o hour_n old_a age_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o hence_o in_o that_o dialogue_n of_o marcus_n crassus_n and_o the_o k._n of_o galatia_n come_v that_o expression_n what_o man_n say_v he_o be_v not_o thou_o now_o arrive_v at_o the_o twelve_o hour_n and_o yet_o talk_v of_o build_v a_o new_a city_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v this_o might_n rather_o be_v metaphorical_o speak_v because_o in_o the_o computation_n of_o time_n for_o the_o great_a part_n so_o many_o hour_n terminate_v the_o artificial_a day_n it_o may_v therefore_o not_o unapt_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o period_n of_o old_a age._n herodotus_n relate_v that_o the_o grecian_n from_o the_o egyptian_n receive_v the_o use_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o gnomon_n and_o the_o twelve_o part_n of_o the_o day_n and_o the_o original_n of_o that_o use_v among_o the_o egyptian_n be_v because_o their_o priest_n in_o those_o day_n be_v accustom_v twelve_o time_n a_o day_n to_o make_v a_o noise_n to_o their_o cynocephalus_n and_o cicero_n take_v notice_n of_o such_o a_o ceremony_n to_o serapis_n from_o which_o it_o seem_v clear_a that_o a_o hour_n in_o those_o day_n be_v the_o same_o as_o now_o in_o the_o computation_n of_o time_n and_o that_o dial_n of_o ahaz_n where_o the_o miracle_n be_v wrought_v of_o the_o sun_n be_v go_v back_o ten_o degree_n seem_v to_o confirm_v that_o the_o jew_n in_o those_o day_n compute_v time_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n for_o all_o interpreter_n agree_v those_o degree_n be_v the_o indices_fw-la of_o such_o part_n of_o the_o day_n and_o the_o description_n that_o pancirollus_n give_v we_o of_o a_o instrument_n among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n far_o evince_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n they_o take_v say_v he_o a_o vessel_n make_v of_o glass_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o be_v a_o narrow_a hole_n do_v about_o with_o gold_n lest_o the_o water_n shall_v wear_v it_o away_o on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v draw_v a_o right_a line_n have_v the_o 12_o hour_n set_v upon_o it_o after_o which_o they_o fill_v the_o vessel_n with_o water_n which_o issue_v drop_n by_o drop_n out_o of_o the_o little_a hole_n they_o thrust_v a_o cork_n into_o the_o water_n fasten_v to_o a_o little_a wand_n the_o end_n of_o which_o point_v at_o the_o first_o hour_n and_o as_o the_o water_n decrease_v at_o the_o second_o and_o three_o hour_n and_o so_o on_o this_o the_o greek_n call_v clepsydra_n from_o all_o which_o both_o from_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o jew_n egyptian_n greek_n and_o roman_n it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o the_o antediluvian_o compute_v time_n as_o we_o do_v now_o and_o that_o noah_n very_o likely_o transmit_v those_o instruction_n down_o to_o his_o posterity_n the_o next_o thing_n therefore_o to_o be_v consider_v be_v to_o illustrate_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o day_n day_n by_o all_o nation_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o kind_n the_o one_o natural_a the_o other_o artificial_a the_o one_o consist_v of_o twelve_o the_o other_o of_o twentyfour_o hour_n have_v therefore_o full_o explain_v what_o the_o ancient_n mean_v by_o hour_n i_o need_v not_o far_o to_o insist_v upon_o this_o point_n i_o shall_v then_o proceed_v to_o explain_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o a_o year_n the_o word_n annus_fw-la or_o year_n in_o the_o three_o ancient_a language_n be_v derive_v from_o a_o thing_n that_o turn_v round_o or_o a_o circle_n for_o so_o much_o the_o hebrew_n word_n do_v signify_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hence_o the_o egyptian_n represent_v the_o year_n by_o a_o snake_n bite_v its_o tail_n but_o whether_o a_o lunar_a or_o solar_a year_n be_v mean_v by_o the_o patriarch_n be_v next_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o turk_n and_o arabian_n use_v the_o lunar_a year_n and_o the_o same_o custom_n be_v observe_v in_o tartary_n siam_n japan_n peru_n and_o in_o other_o place_n but_o kepler_n allege_v that_o the_o jew_n after_o their_o departure_n out_o of_o egypt_n use_v only_o the_o solar_a year_n the_o patriarch_n say_v he_o use_v the_o egyptian_a year_n of_o 365_o day_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o 12_o month_n and_o it_o be_v certain_a 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to_o bathe_v or_o drink_v and_o no_o doubt_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o rock_n salt_n may_v be_v make_v a_o advantageous_a salt-work_n have_v coal_n so_o convenient_a the_o salt_n at_o the_o first_o boil_v be_v brown_a and_o foetid_v but_o dissolve_v and_o evaporate_v again_o make_v as_o good_a a_o salt_n as_o any_o i_o have_v see_v it_o spring_v out_o of_o bass_n and_o have_v i_o presume_v from_o that_o its_o sulphureous_a and_o saline_a particle_n the_o various_a kind_n of_o bass_n i_o shall_v discourse_v of_o in_o their_o proper_a place_n and_o there_o show_v how_o they_o be_v impregnate_v with_o different_a principle_n there_o be_v other_o spring_n that_o arise_v out_o of_o bass_n and_o be_v sulphureous_a and_o saline_a yet_o different_a from_o the_o former_a as_o st._n anne_n and_o the_o hot_a bath_n at_o buxton_n in_o derbyshire_n here_o the_o water_n be_v sulphureous_a and_o saline_a yet_o not_o foetid_v but_o very_o palatable_a because_o in_o these_o water_n the_o sulphur_n 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floyer_n of_o lichfield_n that_o for_o your_o further_a satisfaction_n i_o refer_v you_o to_o his_o elaborate_a piece_n and_o shall_v only_o abridge_v those_o case_n he_o recite_v these_o hot_a bath_n spring_v out_o of_o a_o bass_n not_o unlike_a marble_n and_o it_o be_v pleasant_a to_o see_v in_o what_o bubble_n the_o sulphureous_a halitus_fw-la break_v out_o of_o its_o matrix_fw-la and_o impregnate_v the_o water_n after_o our_o worthy_a author_n have_v give_v we_o a_o most_o exact_a account_n of_o perspiration_n from_o his_o own_o and_z sanctorius_n observation_n in_o right_o consider_v which_o consist_v the_o basis_n and_o usefulness_n of_o all_o bathe_a in_o the_o first_o place_n he_o enumerate_v the_o mischief_n of_o the_o hot_a bath_n in_o his_o 2_o d_o part_n p._n 2._o i_o observe_v say_v he_o that_o many_o person_n come_v to_o the_o hot_a bath_n at_o bath_n without_o any_o good_a advice_n or_o they_o who_o come_v with_o it_o use_v it_o indiscreet_o and_o imprudent_o manage_v 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nature_n and_o if_o these_o be_v expose_v one_o self_n to_o be_v throw_v at_o like_o a_o shrovetide_n cock_n as_o he_o observe_v if_o i_o escape_v the_o terrible_a blow_n of_o be_v neck_v and_o survive_v the_o combat_n the_o comb_n shall_v be_v at_o his_o service_n these_o instance_n as_o he_o proceed_v may_v convince_v all_o consider_a person_n that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o use_v hot_a bath_n for_o pleasure_n especial_o where_o there_o be_v a_o fullness_n of_o humour_n and_o a_o hot_a constitution_n and_o since_o the_o follow_a accident_n frequent_o happen_v upon_o bathe_v they_o will_v certain_o overbalance_n all_o the_o pleasure_n of_o it_o the_o inconvenience_n he_o reckon_v be_v profuse_a sweat_v and_o haemorrhage_n apoplexy_n sleepiness_n vertigo_n convulsion_n asthma_n debility_n of_o the_o sight_n swoon_a a_o general_a lassitude_n and_o dejection_n of_o the_o appetite_n torpor_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o effeminacy_n of_o the_o flesh_n pag._n 4._o my_o journey_n to_o buxton_n this_o last_o year_n discover_v to_o i_o a_o bath_n very_o different_a to_o that_o at_o bath_n it_o be_v a_o very_a temperate_a one_o produce_v no_o sweat_v after_o it_o but_o rather_o a_o coldness_n and_o upon_o a_o due_a consideration_n i_o find_v the_o bath_n very_o useful_a in_o many_o case_n in_o which_o that_o of_o bath_n do_v injury_n as_o in_o comsumption_n hot_a scorbutic_a pain_n and_o all_o defluxion_n of_o humour_n and_o bleeding_n and_o all_o hot_a inordinate_a flatulency_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n in_o hysteric_a and_o hypochondriac_a case_n the_o far_a particular_n may_v be_v see_v at_o large_a in_o his_o three_o chapter_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o as_o likewise_o to_o his_o extract_n out_o of_o dr._n jones_n and_o the_o observation_n annex_v to_o his_o ingenious_a treatise_n before_o i_o close_o the_o discourse_n of_o this_o bath_n it_o may_v be_v inquire_v why_o the_o sulphur_n in_o one_o bath_n tinge_v silver_n a_o copper_n colour_n as_o that_o at_o knarseborough_n and_o maudsley_n why_o other_o of_o a_o golden_a or_o yellowish_a colour_n as_o those_o in_o somersetshire_n and_o why_o other_o impregnate_v with_o sulphur_n thing_fw-mi not_o at_o all_o to_o these_o i_o answer_v where_o sulphur_n tinge_v a_o copper_n colour_n it_o be_v from_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o vitriolic_a salt_n as_o be_v common_a to_o observe_v from_o the_o solution_n of_o sulphur_n and_o vitriol_n but_o where_o a_o golden_a colour_n ensue_v it_o be_v from_o a_o great_a proportion_n of_o mineral_n sulphur_n and_o but_o little_a of_o vitriol_n as_o in_o the_o sulphur_n auratum_fw-la of_o antimony_n and_o the_o golden_a pyrite_n but_o where_o they_o thing_fw-mi not_o at_o all_o it_o be_v from_o sulphur_n only_o as_o that_o at_o buxton_n which_o seem_v to_o arise_v out_o of_o a_o bassy_n marble_n the_o water_n we_o shall_v next_o consider_v be_v the_o acidulae_n or_o those_o common_o call_v chalybeat_n with_o which_o these_o county_n abound_v the_o most_o note_n be_v those_o near_a lantham_n wigan_n stockport_n burnley_n bolton_n plumpton_n middleton_n strangeway_n near_o manchester_n lancaster_n larbrick_n chorley_n and_o of_o these_o stockport_n be_v much_o the_o strong_a these_o water_n spring_v out_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o great_a rock_n in_o strength_n be_v much_o the_o same_o in_o winter_n as_o summer_n which_o be_v a_o conveniency_n very_o few_o in_o england_n beside_o they_o have_v these_o water_n give_v as_o deep_a a_o tincture_n with_o gall_n as_o any_o i_o ever_o see_v and_o where_o chalybeat_n be_v indicate_v exceed_v those_o of_o knarseborough_n and_o tunbridge_n they_o will_v in_o twentyfour_o hour_n by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n become_v insipid_a and_o then_o yield_v no_o tincture_n these_o water_n lie_v very_a light_n not_o heavy_a upon_o the_o stomach_n which_o be_v a_o convenience_n the_o drinker_n of_o knarseborough_n and_o tunbridge_n have_v not_o these_o water_n be_v impregnate_v
the_o mouth_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o the_o flame_n expire_v yet_o by_o the_o sulphureous_a fume_n dash_v upon_o each_o other_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n wax_v warm_a a_o certain_a signal_n this_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o where_o sulphureous_a particle_n be_v deny_v a_o passage_n or_o where_o they_o force_v their_o way_n through_o uneven_a sinuosity_n by_o beat_v upon_o and_o encounter_v one_o another_o a_o heat_n must_v be_v produce_v as_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o convex_a glass_n and_o this_o be_v far_o confirm_v by_o the_o learned_a dr._n browne_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o mine_n in_o hungary_n in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o same_o mine_n it_o be_v extreme_o cold_a in_o other_o so_o intense_o hot_a that_o though_o his_o clothes_n be_v never_o so_o thin_a the_o heat_n will_v be_v troublesome_a to_o he_o the_o miner_n work_v all_o naked_a and_o eight_o hour_n be_v as_o much_o as_o most_o can_v endure_v the_o heat_n in_o these_o water_n can_v arise_v from_o fermentation_n because_o no_o fermentation_n can_v be_v discover_v in_o they_o nor_o by_o any_o experiment_n either_o in_o distillation_n precipitation_n or_o any_o other_o method_n can_v i_o ever_o observe_v such_o a_o contrariety_n of_o matter_n in_o they_o that_o one_o part_n will_v ferment_n upon_o another_o so_o as_o to_o cause_v any_o sensible_a heat_n from_o subterraneous_a fire_n they_o can_v proceed_v because_o in_o these_o part_v such_o be_v never_o know_v or_o be_v there_o any_o can_v not_o but_o discover_v themselves_o since_o no_o fire_n will_v burn_v without_o admission_n of_o air_n and_o there_o must_v likewise_o be_v flue_n and_o chasm_n whence_o they_o vent_v their_o smoke_n and_o feculent_a part_n but_o since_o none_o of_o these_o be_v ever_o disclose_v in_o these_o part_n it_o be_v not_o probable_a the_o bath_n shall_v grow_v hot_a by_o any_o such_o cause_n and_o when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o bath_n may_v be_v sufficient_o explain_v by_o the_o collision_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n what_o necessity_n be_v there_o we_o shall_v have_v recourse_n to_o any_o such_o unwarrantable_a hypothesis_n as_o a_o fermentation_n in_o the_o water_n or_o to_o subterraneous_a fire_n those_o two_o notion_n be_v late_o espouse_v by_o dr._n guidot_n and_o dr._n pierce_n of_o bath_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v those_o gentleman_n rather_o fancy_v than_o observe_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n for_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v have_v they_o make_v strict_a inquiry_n into_o those_o water_n they_o will_v never_o have_v trouble_v the_o world_n with_o such_o chimerical_a hypothesis_n dr._n pierce_v indeed_o do_v not_o much_o trouble_v himself_o or_o the_o world_n with_o any_o scrutiny_n into_o the_o content_n of_o the_o bath_n or_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o they_o but_o only_o give_v you_o a_o instance_n from_o savoy_n which_o be_v as_o remote_a as_o that_o place_n to_o his_o undertake_n and_o as_o for_o dr._n guidot_n he_o be_v so_o inconsistent_a with_o himself_o that_o unless_o he_o have_v the_o art_n of_o reconcile_a contradiction_n i_o be_o sure_a his_o thermae_n britannicae_n be_v not_o to_o be_v account_v for_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v this_o as_o any_o wise_a arrogate_a a_o great_a genius_n to_o myself_o or_o to_o lessen_v those_o worthy_a person_n but_o only_o from_o the_o phaenomena_n i_o have_v observe_v in_o nature_n and_o if_o they_o please_v to_o do_v the_o same_o i_o despair_v not_o of_o their_o pardon_n have_v now_o do_v with_o the_o sulphureous_a saline_a water_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o treat_v of_o saline_a one_o only_o as_o those_o at_o northwich_n namptwich_n middlewich_n dunham_n in_o cheshire_n and_o barton_n in_o lancashire_n various_a have_v be_v the_o notion_n concern_v the_o rise_n of_o these_o spring_n some_o imagine_v they_o proceed_v from_o the_o sea_n other_o from_o subterraneous_a rock_n of_o salt_n which_o have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v discover_v and_o first_o make_v useful_a by_o myself_o in_o refine_n that_o rock_n to_o a_o white_a granulated_a salt_n which_o be_v now_o practise_v in_o many_o place_n these_o spring_n sometime_o break_v out_o in_o the_o rock_n but_o often_o either_o above_n or_o under_o it_o some_o of_o they_o in_o a_o quart_n of_o water_n contain_v about_o seven_o or_o eight_o ounce_n of_o salt_n whence_o its_o plain_a that_o quatenus_fw-la salt-spring_n they_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o sea_n because_o a_o quart_n of_o the_o best_a of_o that_o water_n afford_v seldom_o above_o a_o ounce_n and_o half_n of_o salt_n some_o of_o these_o spring_n will_v thing_fw-mi with_o gall_n but_o most_o refuse_v it_o whence_o its_o plain_a dr._n lister_n in_o his_o usual_a manner_n be_v much_o mistake_v in_o force_v the_o pyrite_n upon_o we_o it_o be_v true_a from_o the_o sulphureous_a smell_n that_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o fermentation_n betwixt_o this_o salt_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n that_o there_o be_v a_o sulphur_n contain_v in_o the_o salt_n but_o that_o no_o wise_a warrant_n a_o pyrite_n since_o that_o be_v a_o aggregate_v of_o different_a principle_n viz._n ochre_n and_o vitriol_n beside_o sulphur_n which_o body_n by_o the_o dr_n own_o confession_n salt_n do_v not_o contain_v which_o be_v the_o only_a true_a notion_n he_o lay_v down_o about_o those_o water_n and_o that_o he_o may_v assume_v as_o a_o observation_n of_o his_o own_o it_o be_v likewise_o observable_a that_o the_o salt_n make_v from_o the_o brine-spring_n and_o the_o rock-salt_n dissolve_v in_o fresh_a water_n that_o these_o salt_n will_v shoot_v into_o different_a figure_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o brine-spring_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o rock_n of_o salt_n that_o be_v discover_v but_o from_o rock_n of_o salt_n that_o lie_v deep_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n beside_o in_o different_a spring_n i_o have_v observe_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o salt_n to_o differ_v as_o some_o in_o middlewich_n from_o those_o at_o northwich_n where_o by_o chrystallization_n they_o shoot_v into_o quite_o contrary_a figure_n so_o that_o the_o sal_fw-la mediterraneum_fw-la as_o the_o dr._n style_v it_o be_v like_a to_o lose_v its_o character_n nay_o rock-salt_n itself_o will_v never_o shoot_v into_o any_o regular_a figure_n at_o all_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v aver_v these_o salt-spring_n have_v not_o their_o saltness_n from_o any_o subterraneous_a rock_n of_o salt_n yet_o know_v it_o follow_v therefore_o if_o they_o be_v not_o saturate_v either_o from_o the_o sea_n or_o from_o subterraneous_a rock_n of_o salt_n we_o may_v then_o form_v another_o hypothesis_n and_o conclude_v they_o to_o arise_v from_o aerial_a saline_a particle_n impregnate_v a_o proper_a bass_n and_o so_o by_o various_a solution_n and_o impregnation_n keep_v a_o continual_a circulation_n and_o so_o constant_o supply_v we_o and_o what_o chief_o give_v umbrage_n to_o this_o be_v the_o renascence_n of_o marine_a salt_n which_o be_v so_o prodigious_o make_v out_o by_o untzerus_n in_o his_o account_n of_o those_o mountain_n of_o salt_n that_o supply_n russia_n persia_n mesopotamia_n media_n and_o those_o vast_a country_n which_o as_o he_o affirm_v every_o year_n vegetate_n and_o the_o place_n whence_o the_o salt_n be_v dig_v be_v the_o year_n follow_v as_o full_a of_o salt_n as_o before_o phaenomena_n like_v to_o this_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o vitriol-stone_n near_o hesse-cassel_n and_o in_o those_o iron-mine_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o florence_n as_o be_v relate_v by_o fallopius_n beside_o the_o marine_a salt_n these_o spring_n do_v likewise_o contain_v the_o nitrum_fw-la calcarium_fw-la its_o observable_a the_o salt_n of_o some_o of_o these_o spring_n will_v not_o easy_o precipitate_v but_o a_o little_a alum_n and_o fresh_a butter_n will_v effect_v it_o and_o then_o it_o make_v a_o large_a grain_n and_o strong_a salt_n than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o evaporation_n of_o these_o salt_n there_o be_v likewise_o observe_v a_o white_a sand_n which_o be_v throw_v to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o pan_n and_o this_o by_o frequent_a evaporation_n and_o filtration_n i_o find_v to_o be_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o bass_n out_o of_o which_o these_o salt-spring_n arise_v the_o most_o note_a purging-water_n in_o these_o part_n be_v those_o in_o a_o village_n call_v rougham_n adjacent_a to_o the_o remarkable_a sand_n which_o be_v the_o great_a road_n into_o furnace_n nine_o mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o at_o each_o springtide_n entire_o cover_v with_o water_n these_o in_o calm_a wether_n afford_v we_o very_o pleasant_a travel_v but_o in_o tempestuous_a season_n no_o less_o dismal_a than_o we_o can_v suppose_v the_o wild_a desert_n of_o arabia_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o high_a rock_n near_o these_o the_o water_n issue_v forth_o in_o a_o very_a plentiful_a current_n it_o be_v a_o little_a brackish_a take_v inward_o it_o purge_v both_o by_o urine_n
and_o stool_n and_o no_o doubt_n by_o a_o due_a preparation_n of_o the_o body_n they_o become_v of_o extraordinary_a use_n in_o the_o scurvy_a worm_n crude_a digestion_n and_o distemper_n of_o that_o nature_n the_o water_n by_o evaporation_n at_o the_o last_o become_v lixivial_a and_o be_v then_o extreme_o brackish_a as_o the_o water_n evaporate_v there_o successive_o arise_v film_n at_o first_o radish_n and_o afterward_o of_o a_o grey_a colour_n these_o film_n will_v ferment_n with_o any_o acid_n and_o contain_v a_o little_a of_o a_o natural_a alcalious_a salt_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o natron_n of_o the_o ancient_n the_o salt_n which_o remain_v after_o evaporation_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o marine_a but_o by_o frequent_a filtration_n and_o crystallization_n i_o find_v it_o likewise_o contain_v a_o bitter_a purge_a salt_n which_o be_v true_o dr._n lister_n nitrum_fw-la calcarium_fw-la and_o be_v that_o purge_a salt_n which_o impregnate_v epsom_n dullech_n northall_n and_o other_o purge_a water_n in_o england_n as_o be_v hint_v above_o beside_o the_o salt_n there_o likewise_o remain_v a_o greyish_a earth_n which_o will_v ferment_n with_o any_o acid._n when_o the_o water_n be_v evaporate_v to_o a_o lixivial_a colour_n if_o you_o then_o drop_v spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n into_o it_o it_o immediate_o make_v a_o coagulum_fw-la and_o precipitate_v which_o phaenomenon_n be_v only_o observable_a in_o those_o water_n that_o contain_v the_o shall_v catharticum_n amarum_fw-la which_o demonstrate_v that_o salt_n likewise_o to_o contain_v a_o natural_a acid_n and_o if_o in_o the_o like_a water_n you_o drop_v any_o acid_a spirit_n as_o that_o of_o sulphur_n and_o vitriol_n you_o will_v then_o perceive_v a_o very_a sulphureous_a smell_n from_o these_o it_o be_v plain_a these_o water_n contain_v three_o different_a sort_n of_o salt_n as_o the_o natron_n the_o marine_a and_o the_o shall_v catharticum_n amarum_fw-la likewise_o two_o sort_n of_o lapis_fw-la scissilis_fw-la either_o of_o which_o will_v ferment_n with_o a_o acid_n and_o sulphur_n too_o from_o a_o mixture_n of_o such_o principle_n as_o these_o what_o effect_n may_v not_o be_v hope_v for_o in_o scrofulous_a and_o leprous_a person_n and_o other_o distemper_n of_o that_o nature_n nay_o i_o have_v be_v assure_v by_o some_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n there_o that_o some_o person_n by_o drink_v these_o water_n have_v be_v recover_v from_o periodical_a epilepsy_n but_o again_o i_o say_v the_o body_n ought_v to_o be_v right_o prepare_v before_o the_o drink_n of_o they_o and_o that_o consumptive_a person_n ought_v not_o to_o meddle_v with_o they_o at_o least_o very_o spare_o some_o person_n by_o drink_v of_o these_o have_v be_v free_v from_o the_o jaundice_n other_o from_o quartan_a ague_n and_o in_o the_o pica_n virgin_n if_o the_o patient_n be_v not_o emaciate_v you_o may_v reckon_v it_o a_o specific_a by_o drink_v of_o these_o prodigious_a worm_n as_o the_o cucurbitae_fw-la the_o ascaride_n and_o bunch_n of_o worm_n have_v frequent_o be_v void_v and_o i_o do_v not_o think_v in_o that_o distemper_n the_o like_a to_o these_o be_v to_o be_v have_v there_o be_v other_o purging-water_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o a_o morass_n in_o a_o village_n call_v witherslack_n these_o water_n contain_v a_o marine_a and_o a_o bitter_a purge_a salt_n but_o be_v inferior_a to_o the_o former_a there_o be_v another_o purge_a water_n which_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o sand_n near_o a_o place_n call_v mine-end_a which_o be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n wire_n this_o no_o doubt_n be_v the_o sea-water_n which_o filter_n through_o the_o sand_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o filtration_n the_o spring_n lie_v so_o near_o the_o river_n or_o the_o looseness_n of_o the_o sand_n the_o marine_a water_n be_v not_o perfect_o dulcify_v but_o retain_v a_o please_a brackishness_n not_o unlike_o that_o which_o be_v observable_a in_o the_o milk_n of_o a_o farrow_n cow_n or_o one_o that_o have_v conceive_a this_o water_n purge_v a_o little_a but_o be_v much_o inferior_a to_o either_o of_o the_o other_o these_o water_n give_v no_o tincture_n with_o gall_n though_o dr._n lister_n violent_o affirm_v all_o saline_a spring_n will_v do_v it_o these_o be_v the_o most_o note_a purging-water_n that_o i_o have_v see_v in_o these_o part_n i_o shall_v therefore_o in_o the_o next_o place_n proceed_v to_o those_o which_o may_v be_v rank_v among_o the_o acidulae_n but_o do_v likewise_o contain_v natron_n and_o those_o be_v the_o water_n near_o burnley_n and_o emmett_n which_o be_v first_o discover_v to_o i_o by_o that_o most_o learned_a and_o accomplish_v gentleman_n richard_n townley_n of_o townley_n esq_n the_o like_a to_o these_o mons._n du_fw-fr clos_n affirm_v be_v in_o several_a place_n in_o france_n for_o a_o full_a account_n of_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o that_o ingenious_a author_n from_o the_o experiment_n make_v by_o the_o royal_a academy_n in_o paris_n in_o the_o bourbon-water_n and_o the_o parallel_a observation_n those_o in_o these_o part_n entertain_v we_o with_o we_o may_v make_v a_o probable_a conjecture_n of_o their_o principle_n and_o i_o think_v may_v safe_o affirm_v that_o in_o the_o case_n where_o those_o be_v proper_a these_o as_o a_o most_o natural_a succedaneum_n may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o and_o will_v i_o question_v not_o answer_v what_o intention_n may_v be_v expect_v from_o the_o former_a these_o water_n with_o gall_n give_v a_o citrine_n tincture_n and_o the_o gall_n immediate_o precipitate_v in_o white_a perpendicular_a line_n but_o you_o must_v note_v these_o experiment_n be_v make_v in_o the_o water_n remote_a from_o the_o fountain_n i_o evaporate_v several_a quart_n of_o the_o water_n and_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n find_v it_o to_o have_v a_o little_a of_o a_o lixivial_a taste_n after_o the_o surface_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o thin_a greyish_a film_n this_o film_n consist_v of_o saline_n alcalious_a and_o terrene_a particle_n and_o will_v make_v a_o brisk_a fermentation_n with_o any_o acid_n afterward_o the_o salt_n rise_v in_o perpendicular_a line_n upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o retort_n the_o like_a phaenomenon_n i_o observe_v in_o evaporate_n the_o water_n that_o come_v from_o nitria_n in_o egypt_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v observe_v in_o evaporation_n of_o other_o alcalious_a salt_n after_o the_o water_n be_v whole_o evaporate_v there_o stick_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o retort_n a_o greyish_a matter_n of_o a_o very_a lixivial_a taste_n and_o will_v ferment_n with_o any_o acid._n by_o filtration_n the_o earth_n be_v easy_o separate_v from_o the_o salt_n and_o then_o you_o have_v a_o natural_a alcalious_a salt_n the_o true_a natron_n of_o the_o ancient_n as_o be_v manifest_a from_o those_o specimen_n of_o egyptian_a nitre_n bring_v from_o nitria_n to_o the_o musaeum_fw-la at_o oxford_n by_o the_o learned_a dr._n h._n and_o likewise_o by_o the_o description_n of_o natron_n recite_v by_o dioscorde_n though_o our_o countryman_n dr._n lister_n bold_o affirm_v there_o be_v no_o such_o salt_n in_o any_o water_n in_o england_n but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o first_o piece_n of_o boldness_n he_o be_v please_v to_o arrogate_v and_o if_o his_o reason_n be_v not_o total_o screen_v he_o may_v if_o he_o please_v be_v satisfy_v he_o be_v mistake_v these_o water_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o the_o stone_n scurvy_n and_o other_o chronical_a disease_n of_o which_o i_o have_v see_v several_a instance_n there_o be_v other_o water_n of_o a_o austere_a styptic_a taste_n that_o will_v coagulate_v milk_n but_o give_v no_o tincture_n with_o gall_n as_o some_o pump_n near_o bury_n and_o chorley_n these_o i_o conjecture_v arise_v out_o of_o alum_n over_o or_o marle_n they_o lather_n not_o with_o soap_n but_o make_v a_o perfect_a coagulum_fw-la from_o the_o acid_n and_o the_o alcaly_a fix_v together_o some_o spring_n we_o have_v that_o petrify_v as_o one_o in_o a_o wood_n near_o bury_n and_o another_o by_o the_o side_n of_o a_o rivulet_n near_o manchester_n these_o water_n superficial_o incrustate_n as_o the_o chemist_n call_v it_o stratum_fw-la super_fw-la stratum_fw-la be_v of_o a_o austere_a taste_n like_o those_o in_o yorkshire_n in_o evaporation_n they_o yield_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o a_o greyish_a earth_n that_o will_v ferment_n with_o a_o acid_n and_o some_o little_a proportion_n of_o salt_n by_o these_o phaenomena_n i_o do_v conjecture_v the_o terrene_a particle_n be_v dissolve_v in_o minimis_fw-la by_o the_o natural_a acid_n or_o as_o helmont_n call_v it_o the_o esurine_a spirit_n and_o when_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o any_o body_n they_o be_v unite_v they_o form_v these_o incrustation_n i_o be_o the_o far_o confirm_v in_o this_o hypothesis_n because_o i_o have_v observe_v petrefaction_n where_o only_o there_o can_v be_v a_o acid_n halitus_fw-la as_o in_o several_a plant_n and_o root_n adjacent_a to_o the_o petrefy_a water_n near_o knarseborough_n these_o
water_n inward_o take_v be_v commend_v by_o several_a in_o dysentery_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n they_o be_v proper_a in_o those_o case_n i_o do_v judge_v they_o of_o use_n in_o the_o cure_n of_o a_o diabetes_n these_o be_v the_o most_o remarkable_a phaenomena_n i_o can_v ever_o observe_v of_o the_o water_n in_o these_o part_n have_v therefore_o examine_v those_o i_o shall_v according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n in_o the_o next_o place_n proceed_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o various_a earth_n these_o county_n afford_v we_o a_o appendix_n to_o the_o water_n after_o i_o have_v finish_v my_o experiment_n of_o mineral_n water_n i_o have_v the_o fortune_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o elaborate_a tract_n entitle_v the_o natural_a history_n of_o the_o chalybeat_a and_o purge_v water_n in_o england_n with_o their_o particular_a essay_n and_o use_v with_o likewise_o observation_n on_o the_o bath_n in_o somersetshire_n dedicate_v to_o the_o r_o t_o hon_fw-fr ble_a the_o earl_n of_o manchester_n by_o benjamin_n allen_n med._n bacc._n thâ—se_o i_o shall_v examine_v in_o their_o order_n and_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n take_v notice_n of_o his_o observation_n concern_v the_o rise_n of_o chalybeat_a water_n pag._n 14._o he_o say_v the_o earth_n and_o soil_n of_o these_o spring_n be_v ever_o a_o sand_n or_o gravel_n and_o that_o the_o water_n issue_v from_o or_o rather_o make_v a_o rock_n cement_v of_o stone_n which_o be_v never_o to_o be_v find_v but_o where_o the_o water_n be_v vitriolic_a how_o true_a this_o be_v the_o world_n may_v judge_v from_o the_o follow_a observation_n in_o the_o rock_n at_o strangeway_n near_o manchester_n in_o lancashire_n three_o or_o four_o yard_n in_o freestone_n rock_n be_v several_a chalybeat_a spring_n which_o with_o powder_n of_o gall_n give_v a_o deep_a claret_n tincture_n and_o will_v answer_v all_o other_o experiment_n usual_o try_v upon_o the_o acidulae_n eight_o or_o nine_o yard_n within_o a_o freestone_n rock_n near_o stockport_n in_o the_o same_o county_n be_v several_a chalybeat_a spring_n which_o with_o gall_n yield_v a_o purple_a full_o as_o deep_a as_o tunbridge_n or_o knarseborough_n and_o will_v turn_v green_a with_o syrup_n of_o violet_n in_o these_o rock_n be_v find_v sometime_o small_a vitriol-stone_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o which_o scrape_v into_o common_a water_n instant_o make_v the_o artificial_a chalybeat_a water_n but_o there_o be_v not_o the_o minute_a particle_n of_o the_o pyrite_n to_o be_v find_v here_o it_o be_v plain_a hence_o that_o these_o spring_n proceed_v not_o always_o from_o sand_n and_o gravel_n nor_o be_v they_o as_o he_o allege_v marcasitical_a that_o be_v spring_v impregnate_v with_o the_o pyrite_n for_o to_o satisfy_v his_o curiosity_n far_o the_o pyrite_n here_o be_v neither_o discoverable_a by_o ocular_a demonstration_n nor_o by_o dissolve_v the_o rock_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la which_o he_o assert_n if_o it_o contain_v the_o pyrite_n will_v turn_v to_o a_o jelly_n and_o yet_o that_o very_a assertion_n be_v without_o ground_n for_o because_o the_o pyrite_n will_v turn_v to_o a_o jelly_n do_v it_o thence_o follow_v all_o body_n that_o will_v do_v so_o participate_v of_o the_o pyrite_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n he_o may_v aver_v that_o because_o bone_n and_o harts-horn_n with_o a_o little_a common_a water_n in_o mons._n papin_n digest_v instrument_n become_v gelatinous_a that_o either_o the_o bone_n contain_v the_o horn_n or_o vice_fw-la versa_fw-la the_o horn_n the_o bone_n now_o since_o these_o rock_n answer_v not_o this_o end_n it_o be_v evident_a these_o spring_n according_a to_o his_o own_o notion_n can_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o pyritâ—â—_n but_o this_o i_o presume_v he_o only_o assert_v as_o a_o compliment_n to_o a_o eminent_a physician_n and_o if_o he_o prefer_v his_o friendship_n before_o strict_a and_o true_a observation_n in_o nature_n i_o envy_v not_o his_o choice_n his_o other_o experiment_n upon_o the_o acidulae_n be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v by_o other_o author_n i_o shall_v therefore_o pass_v they_o over_o as_o to_o the_o purging-water_n he_o derive_v they_o from_o the_o pyrite_n selenites_n and_o loame_n and_o be_v as_o he_o allege_v impregnate_v with_o purge_v salt_n of_o various_a kind_n form_v into_o a_o saline_a nature_n by_o a_o acid_a mineral_n juice_n in_o the_o loame_n hence_o pag._n 117._o he_o have_v this_o period_n so_o i_o conclude_v the_o salt_n of_o these_o purge_a water_n to_o be_v of_o a_o middle_a nature_n betwixt_o nitre_z and_o vitriol_n and_o form_v out_o of_o the_o loame_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o vitriolic_a juice_n or_o liquid_a salt_n and_o collect_v in_o most_o cavity_n as_o to_o this_o hypothesis_n from_o the_o follow_a phaenomena_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o convince_v he_o that_o he_o be_v again_o mistake_v that_o be_v that_o there_o be_v spring_n which_o do_v contain_v the_o bitter_a purge_a salt_n and_o yet_o arise_v not_o out_o of_o loame_n e._n g._n at_o rougham_n in_o furness_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lancaster_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o rock_n issue_v a_o purge_a spring_n at_o least_o twenty_o yard_n perpendicular_a from_o its_o summit_n where_o there_o be_v neither_o the_o pyrite_n the_o belemnite_n nor_o loame_n the_o spring_n flow_v in_o a_o luxuriant_a current_n this_o water_n upon_o the_o first_o evaporation_n afford_v a_o salt_n not_o much_o unlike_a sea-salt_n but_o the_o marine_a may_v be_v easy_o separate_v from_o the_o bitter_a or_o purge_a salt_n and_o than_o you_o have_v a_o salt_n which_o afford_v bacilli_n or_o stiriae_fw-la which_o will_v easy_o dissolve_v even_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o hand_n nay_o even_o by_o the_o air_n itself_o and_o answer_v all_o the_o experiment_n dr._n grow_v make_v upon_o epson-salt_n it_o be_v hence_o evident_a that_o these_o salt_n have_v not_o their_o origin_n as_o he_o allege_v from_o the_o pyrite_n selenites_n and_o loame_n the_o earth_n after_o distillation_n be_v light_a and_o of_o a_o greyish_a colour_n and_o will_v strong_o ferment_n with_o a_o acid._n but_o to_o give_v he_o a_o ample_a demonstration_n of_o his_o error_n i_o shall_v produce_v he_o another_o instance_n or_o two_o at_o thernham_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lancaster_n there_o be_v a_o earth_n which_o contain_v loame_n and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o selenites_n and_o the_o same_o phaenomena_n may_v be_v observe_v upon_o the_o ridge_n of_o hill_n that_o run_v upon_o the_o seacoast_n towards_o rossall_n in_o the_o same_o county_n out_o of_o both_o these_o earth_n issue_n several_a spring_n which_o will_v neither_o thing_fw-mi with_o gall_n nor_o be_v they_o purgative_n hence_o it_o be_v evident_a though_o the_o principle_n he_o lay_v down_o do_v all_o concur_v yet_o that_o thence_o do_v not_o necessary_o follow_v a_o marcasitical_a or_o purge_v water_n nor_o be_v the_o salt_n as_o be_v observe_v before_o collect_v so_o superficial_o as_o he_o allege_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o i_o have_v see_v the_o salt_n bass_n by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n shoot_v out_o various_a efflorescence_n at_o the_o same_o time_n from_o a_o spring_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o same_o bass_n at_o least_o 20_o yard_n within_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v prepare_v the_o true_a bitter_a purge_a salt_n so_o that_o what_o he_o have_v inform_v we_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o purge_v water_n be_v as_o groundless_a as_o the_o former_a as_o to_o his_o method_n of_o prepare_v a_o salt_n from_o loame_n by_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n it_o be_v no_o wise_a convince_a since_o the_o phaenomena_n he_o recite_v may_v happen_v bare_o from_o the_o spirit_n without_o a_o salt_n congenite_fw-la to_o the_o loame_n the_o different_a salt_n he_o prepare_v from_o the_o purge_v water_n may_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v be_v true_a and_o exact_a but_o what_o i_o allege_v be_v that_o neither_o the_o chalybeat_n be_v always_o from_o the_o pyrite_n nor_o the_o purge_v water_n from_o loame_n marcasite_n and_o the_o selenites_n his_o other_o experiment_n be_v but_o what_o be_v before_o observe_v by_o dr._n plot_n and_o mounseur_fw-fr du_fw-fr clos_n to_o who_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n examine_v his_o observation_n upon_o the_o bath_n in_o somersetshire_n p._n 178._o he_o say_v that_o the_o salt_n contain_v in_o this_o water_n appear_v full_o to_o be_v salt-petre_a in_o that_o it_o do_v not_o disturb_v a_o solution_n of_o sal_fw-la saturni_n in_o fair_a wether_n but_o this_o be_v no_o demonstration_n at_o all_o of_o salt-petre_a for_o the_o bitter_a purge_a salt_n will_v do_v the_o same_o which_o be_v not_o at_o all_o nitrous_a although_o it_o bear_v the_o same_o bacilli_n or_o stiriae_fw-la with_o nitre_n for_o since_o the_o salt_n be_v not_o inflammable_a there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o suppose_v the_o existence_n of_o salt-petre_a it_o now_o appear_v his_o attempt_n
upon_o bath-water_n be_v as_o fruitless_a as_o his_o other_o experiment_n and_o in_o his_o reason_n about_o they_o he_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o himself_o i_o shall_v only_o remark_n one_o thing_n more_o that_o when_o this_o purge_v salt_n become_v striate_v if_o it_o be_v dissolve_v in_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o a_o few_o day_n it_o drop_v a_o hard_a pellucid_a salt_n which_o will_v not_o dissolve_v in_o the_o air_n be_v bitter_a and_o pungent_a the_o figure_n of_o it_o be_v various_a sometime_o cubical_a sometime_o pentagon_n and_o parallelopepedon_n so_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_v it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o reduce_v salt_n to_o their_o distinct_a species_n by_o determinate_a figure_n it_o be_v certain_a by_o these_o experiment_n that_o the_o salt_n in_o this_o purge_v water_n which_o at_o first_o by_o its_o taste_n and_o figure_n seem_v only_o to_o be_v a_o common_a marine_a salt_n consist_v of_o three_o different_a kind_n why_o therefore_o it_o shall_v be_v style_v a_o nitre_n i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n i_o have_v often_o wonder_v why_o some_o person_n ambitious_o affect_v the_o impose_v of_o term_n assume_v to_o themselves_o title_n of_o new_a discoverer_n without_o any_o ground_n at_o all_o for_o if_o from_o the_o mere_a trunk_n of_o a_o mole_n i_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o prove_v it_o be_v the_o species_n of_o a_o elephant_n the_o world_n will_v doubtless_o conclude_v i_o the_o blind_a creature_n i_o shall_v beg_v leave_n to_o add_v to_o this_o appendix_n one_o thing_n more_o relate_v to_o cold_a spring_n in_o which_o as_o the_o moralist_n assure_v we_o of_o the_o two_o contrary_a passion_n joy_n and_o sorrow_n that_o the_o former_a be_v a_o expansion_n the_o other_o a_o depressure_n of_o the_o spirit_n so_o it_o be_v no_o less_o probable_a in_o these_o two_o opposite_a quality_n heat_v and_o cold_a that_o in_o one_o the_o nerve_n be_v dilate_v in_o the_o other_o shrivel_a or_o contract_v but_o since_o the_o cause_n of_o intense_a coldness_n be_v the_o subject_a of_o this_o paragraph_n i_o shall_v only_o expatiate_v on_o the_o latter_a in_o order_n to_o that_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o a_o general_a hypothesis_n and_o afterward_o illustrate_v it_o first_o by_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a and_o afterward_o by_o parallel_a experiment_n that_o produce_v it_o coldness_n therefore_o in_o water_n i_o suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o volatile_a saline_a particle_n which_o by_o their_o point_n contract_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o nerve_n obstruct_v the_o spirit_n and_o thence_o proceed_v a_o horror_n or_o tremble_v and_o if_o the_o cold_a be_v intense_a a_o stupor_n or_o numbness_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o capillary_n in_o the_o skin_n by_o the_o puncture_n of_o those_o saline_a particle_n corrugate_v and_o the_o blood_n thereby_o stagnate_v and_o by_o the_o distension_n of_o those_o vessel_n the_o skin_n appear_v extreme_o red_a that_o coldness_n in_o water_n proceed_v from_o these_o saline_a particle_n be_v evident_a from_o solution_n of_o snow_n in_o common_a water_n in_o which_o those_o particle_n be_v so_o volatile_a that_o upon_o distillation_n i_o find_v they_o whole_o to_o evaporate_v it_o be_v not_o therefore_o as_o the_o peripatetic_n imagine_v that_o coldness_n proceed_v from_o dull_a unactive_a principle_n but_o from_o volatile_a saline_a one_o which_o by_o their_o inflexibility_n or_o rigidness_n like_v so_o many_o barrier_n fix_v the_o particle_n in_o water_n which_o be_v of_o a_o soft_a temper_n and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o it_o freeze_v and_o be_v turn_v into_o ice_n in_o spring_n therefore_o that_o be_v natural_o intense_o cold_a i_o suppose_v the_o loam_n from_o whence_o these_o arise_v to_o have_v pore_n so_o configurate_v as_o constant_o to_o imbibe_n these_o saline_a particle_n from_o the_o circumambient_a atmosphere_n which_o doubtless_o be_v of_o as_o volatile_a nature_n as_o those_o of_o snow_n for_o i_o never_o can_v find_v in_o the_o distillation_n of_o cold_a bath_n any_o salt_n that_o can_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o crystal_n except_o a_o marine_a one_o and_o that_o in_o so_o small_a a_o proportion_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o suppose_v that_o the_o coldness_n shall_v proceed_v from_o thence_o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o in_o artificial_a cold_a bath_n the_o water_n be_v make_v violent_o so_o by_o solution_n of_o marine_a salt_n and_o salt-petre_a but_o then_o to_o effect_v that_o there_o be_v those_o quantity_n of_o salt_n that_o be_v never_o to_o be_v find_v in_o bath_n natural_o cold_a whence_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o coldness_n in_o they_o can_v proceed_v from_o a_o solution_n of_o those_o salt_n but_o from_o a_o volatile_a aerial_a nitre_n doubtless_o bring_v into_o the_o atmosphere_n by_o particular_a wind_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a in_o opposite_a parallel_n from_o the_o line_n in_o the_o one_o you_o have_v violent_a frost_n in_o the_o other_o intense_a heat_n as_o the_o ingenious_a dr._n monday_n of_o all-soul_n college_n in_o oxford_n beyond_o contradiction_n have_v make_v evident_a the_o most_o remarkable_a cold_a spring_n in_o these_o part_n be_v that_o at_o larbrick_n of_o which_o take_v the_o follow_a account_n upon_o immerse_v your_o hand_n into_o it_o the_o part_n immediate_o grow_v extreme_o red_a and_o you_o will_v then_o perceive_v a_o most_o violent_a pain_n fish_n of_o several_a sort_n i_o have_v see_v put_v into_o this_o spring_n which_o make_v but_o one_o effort_n and_o instant_o expire_v it_o be_v a_o acidula_fw-la or_o chalybeat_a water_n and_o therefore_o be_v account_v for_o in_o another_o place_n as_o likewise_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a bath_n which_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o follow_a treatise_n of_o the_o scurvy_a and_o rickets_o but_o more_o full_o to_o illustrate_v the_o unaccountable_a penetrancy_n agility_n and_o rigidness_n of_o those_o particle_n that_o produce_v cold_a take_v the_o follow_a experiment_n let_v a_o thermometer_n of_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o hermetical_o seal_v at_o both_o end_n and_o about_o half_o fill_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v immerse_v in_o a_o cold_a spring_n for_o instance_n in_o that_o at_o larbrick_n and_o continue_v suspend_v in_o it_o about_o half_a a_o hour_n in_o that_o space_n of_o time_n the_o spirit_n in_o the_o tube_n will_v subside_o a_o full_a inch_n which_o instance_n full_o demonstrate_v how_o penetrate_v those_o frigorific_a particle_n must_v be_v that_o thus_o enter_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o force_v the_o spirit_n to_o subside_o to_o that_o degree_n this_o instance_n likewise_o demonstrate_v their_o inflexibility_n that_o by_o penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n they_o shall_v so_o fix_v their_o point_n upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o vinous_a spirit_n which_o be_v of_o a_o soft_a texture_n must_v necessary_o give_v way_n and_o subside_o by_o this_o experiment_n you_o may_v easy_o find_v out_o the_o various_a degree_n of_o cold_a in_o spring_n and_o by_o compare_v those_o with_o observation_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n make_v in_o the_o two_o note_a bath_n holywell_n in_o wales_n and_o st._n mungus_n in_o yorkshire_n may_v easy_o find_v of_o what_o use_v the_o spring_n in_o these_o county_n may_v be_v in_o the_o like_a case_n which_o these_o be_v eminent_a for_o i_o must_v needs_o own_o that_o in_o leprous_a distemper_n scorbutic_a rheumatism_n the_o rickets_o and_o scorbutic_a atrophy_n before_o the_o hectic_a heat_n be_v grow_v too_o intense_a i_o have_v not_o see_v any_o medicine_n perform_v the_o effect_n which_o these_o water_n frequent_o do_v chap._n iii_o of_o earth_n clay_n boles_n marles_n improvement_n by_o shell_n shell-fish_n hare_n and_o rabbit-skin_n soap-boilers_a ash_n and_o putrified_a fern_n of_o morass_n and_o their_o various_a improvement_n these_o country_n afford_v we_o various_a sort_n of_o earth_n but_o the_o most_o note_a be_v the_o black_a soil_n the_o foxglove-earth_n and_o the_o clay-earth_n which_o indeed_o be_v a_o mixture_n of_o clay_n and_o marle_n the_o black_a earth_n be_v common_o rich_a pasture_n or_o meadow_v or_o good_a corn-land_n the_o foxglove-earth_n which_o be_v a_o tender_a earth_n and_o of_o a_o brownish_a colour_n be_v usual_o good_a pasture_n and_o by_o improvement_n bring_v plentiful_a harvest_n of_o corn_n the_o clay-earth_n be_v chief_o for_o corn_n and_o in_o that_o either_o for_o continue_v long_o or_o produce_v a_o well_o feed_v corn_n exceed_v both_o the_o other_o sometime_o these_o earth_n abound_v with_o great_a quantity_n of_o lime-stone_n and_o other_o stone_n which_o mighty_o contribute_v to_o their_o plentiful_a production_n as_o be_v observable_a in_o the_o close_v near_o lancaster_n and_o other_o part_n in_o the_o north_n the_o country_n people_n imagine_v it_o proceed_v from_o the_o warmth_n they_o impart_v to_o the_o various_a earth_n but_o i_o rather_o attribute_v it_o to_o their_o nitrous_a or_o alcalious_a salt_n which_o as_o i_o shall_v demonstrate_v hereafter_o conduce_v to_o the_o
fructify_a of_o earth_n these_o earth_n be_v usual_o improve_v either_o by_o marle_n dung_n lime_n shell-fish_n shell_n rag_n hare_n or_o rabbit-skin_n soap-maker_n ash_n sea-mud_n the_o common_a dirt_n of_o the_o lane_n or_o putrified_a fern_n the_o marle_n where_o there_o be_v depth_n of_o soil_n be_v usual_o the_o best_a improvement_n and_o indeed_o a_o good_a marling_n be_v often_o count_v equal_a to_o the_o purchase_n of_o the_o land_n the_o marl_n afford_v a_o nitrous_a salt_n and_o oil_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o principle_n that_o make_v it_o so_o fertile_a its_o salt_n i_o conjecture_n be_v imbibe_v from_o the_o air_n which_o may_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o long_o it_o lie_v expose_v the_o more_o prolific_a it_o be_v hence_o it_o be_v common_a among_o person_n that_o can_v afford_v to_o marle_n their_o ground_n and_o break_v it_o up_o several_a year_n afterward_o by_o w_z ch_z it_o become_v more_o fruitful_a and_o continue_v much_o long_o the_o white_a marle_n be_v of_o a_o brittle_a short_a body_n and_o consequent_o more_o easy_o wash_v away_o by_o the_o wether_n for_o this_o reason_n it_o only_o render_v the_o soil_n fruitful_a for_o a_o few_o year_n not_o comparable_a to_o the_o other_o for_o continuance_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o lime_n and_o putrified_a marine-fish_n and_o shell_n which_o by_o their_o calcination_n by_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v convert_v into_o lime_n these_o be_v of_o a_o loose_a body_n than_o the_o clay-marle_n more_o speedy_o mix_v with_o the_o earth_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n as_o the_o country_n people_n term_v it_o will_v soon_o white_a that_o be_v will_v soon_o produce_v corn_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o sea-mud_n however_o the_o continuance_n of_o these_o be_v far_o inferior_a to_o the_o other_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o last_o mention_v i_o judge_n may_v proceed_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n from_o their_o oil_n and_o alcalious_a salt_n with_o a_o due_a proportion_n of_o earth_n and_o no_o doubt_n but_o acid_n and_o alcaly_a have_v the_o same_o use_n in_o fructify_a soil_n as_o they_o have_v in_o animal_n and_o hence_o i_o believe_v that_o from_o the_o dung_n of_o the_o seafowl_n in_o fowley-island_n which_o take_v that_o name_n from_o the_o abundance_n of_o seafowl_n there_o the_o pasture_n become_v so_o pregnant_a that_o it_o surpass_v all_o in_o these_o part_n a_o sheep_n from_o thence_o be_v usual_o sell_v for_o 50_o s._n or_o 3_o l._n the_o most_o note_a clay_n in_o these_o part_n be_v the_o potters-clay_n tobacco-pipe-clay_n and_o soapstone_n as_o the_o miner_n call_v it_o the_o potters-clay_n be_v usual_o blue_a or_o yellowish_a or_o of_o a_o dove_n or_o coushat-colour_n as_o the_o workman_n term_v it_o after_o it_o be_v mould_v into_o pot_n it_o be_v burn_v in_o a_o circular_a oven_n and_o be_v glaze_v with_o a_o slurry_n and_o lead-ore_n fine_o powder_v this_o slurry_n be_v make_v of_o a_o different_a clay_n to_o what_o the_o pot_n be_v it_o be_v usual_o red_a and_o will_v run_v to_o a_o glass_n which_o the_o other_o will_v not_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o with_o this_o and_o lead-ore_n they_o glaze_v their_o pot_n it_o be_v observable_a this_o slurry_n upon_o one_o sort_n of_o clay_n will_v be_v yellow_a upon_o another_o black_a on_o another_o green_a and_o on_o other_o of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n bottle_n which_o must_v proceed_v from_o various_a metal_n that_o flux_n from_o the_o clay_n and_o consequent_o produce_v various_a colour_n i_o be_v inform_v from_o my_o ever-honoured_a friend_n sr._n roger_n bradshaw_n of_o haigh_n that_o it_o be_v upon_o a_o whitish_a yellowish_a earth_n in_o a_o field_n near_o the_o kennel-pit_n at_o haigh_n that_o mr._n dwight_n make_v his_o first_o discovery_n of_o his_o most_o incomparable_a metal_n i_o have_v attempt_v several_a colour_n with_o smalt_n and_o find_v that_o by_o those_o and_o a_o azurine_n spar_n frequent_o find_v in_o lead_n and_o copper_n mine_n i_o can_v upon_o barnstable-clay_n run_v a_o glass_n not_o easy_o distinguishable_a from_o tortoise_n and_o no_o doubt_n if_o experiment_v by_o a_o artist_n he_o will_v find_v it_o of_o extraordinary_a use_n i_o have_v likewise_o with_o several_a of_o these_o earth_n run_v black_a lead_n by_o which_o and_o a_o little_a horse-dung_n fine_o powder_v and_o then_o wrought_v together_o i_o have_v see_v it_o stand_v fire_n when_o a_o good_a german_a crucible_n have_v break_v in_o piece_n instrument_n of_o this_o may_v doubtless_o be_v make_v of_o great_a use_n to_o the_o essayer_n and_o refiner_n of_o metal_n and_o be_v have_v at_o far_o more_o easy_a rate_n than_o those_o bring_v from_o germany_n tile_n of_o any_o sort_n be_v likewise_o make_v from_o these_o earth_n the_o tobacco-pipe-clay_n be_v usual_o blue_a or_o of_o a_o colour_n betwixt_o white_a and_o yellow_a there_o be_v at_o rainforth_n tolerable_a pipe_n make_v of_o this_o but_o not_o comparable_a to_o those_o at_o chester_n these_o be_v make_v of_o clay_n bring_v from_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n poole_n and_o biddiford_n which_o be_v esteem_v the_o best_a in_o england_n and_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o the_o best_a in_o europe_n boles_n we_o have_v only_o in_o two_o place_n eller_n and_o heesham_n these_o be_v of_o a_o yellow_a colour_n stick_v close_o to_o the_o tongue_n and_o will_v ferment_n with_o a_o acid._n in_o the_o same_o place_n we_o have_v likewise_o a_o white_a earth_n or_o soapstone_n this_o will_v lather_n with_o water_n i_o have_v see_v some_o person_n trim_v with_o it_o this_o be_v usual_o full_a of_o the_o pyrite_n when_o wet_a very_o oily_a but_o when_o dry_a put_v into_o water_n will_v make_v a_o hiss_a like_o unquenchable_a lime_n upon_o which_o phaenomenon_n i_o shall_v beg_v your_o patience_n to_o expatiate_v a_o little_a before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o particular_a mons._n l'emery_n have_v observe_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o ebullition_n of_o unquenchable_a lime_n with_o water_n proceed_v from_o the_o set_n at_o liberty_n the_o igneous_a particle_n lock_v up_o in_o the_o lime_n hence_o they_o disentangle_v themselves_o and_o rally_v with_o unite_a force_n must_v consequent_o produce_v that_o ebullition_n the_o like_a i_o think_v may_v be_v affirm_v of_o this_o only_o here_o the_o ebullition_n cause_v not_o any_o sensible_a heat_n which_o notwithstanding_o may_v be_v though_o igneous_a particle_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o water_n as_o i_o have_v see_v in_o the_o burning-well_a near_o wigan_n which_o be_v actual_o cold._n but_o that_o this_o ebullition_n do_v proceed_v from_o sulphureous_a particle_n i_o have_v reason_n to_o conjecture_v because_o out_o of_o these_o earth_n through_o the_o salt_n water_n frequent_a flash_n of_o flame_n may_v be_v observe_v like_o lightning_n to_o dart_n by_o interval_n it_o appear_v a_o divert_v phosphorus_n in_o the_o night-season_n at_o which_o time_n spread_v the_o say_a earth_n upon_o my_o hand_n i_o have_v discern_v the_o like_a phaenomenon_n morass_n we_o have_v several_a in_o these_o part_n which_o may_v be_v distinguish_v into_o these_o class_n the_o white_a the_o grey_a the_o black_a it_o be_v plain_a from_o microscopical_a observation_n that_o the_o white_a be_v nothing_o but_o a_o compage_n of_o the_o leave_n seed_n flower_n stalk_n and_o root_n of_o herb_n and_o fruit_n or_o shrub_n which_o no_o doubt_n increase_v every_o year_n these_o bourn_n to_o white_a ash_n but_o yield_v but_o little_a of_o lixivial_a salt_n the_o grey_a be_v hard_a and_o more_o ponderous_a and_o to_o i_o seem_v to_o be_v but_o a_o more_o perfect_a putrefaction_n of_o the_o former_a the_o black_a be_v the_o best_a fire_n and_o the_o most_o bituminous_a which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o consummate_v putrefaction_n of_o the_o plant_n that_o grow_v upon_o these_o place_n as_o elaeagnus_n ros_fw-fr solis_fw-la erica_n and_o the_o like_a and_o in_o this_o i_o be_o far_a confirm_v because_o i_o have_v frequent_o observe_v the_o white_a moss_n which_o be_v demonstrable_o a_o compage_n of_o the_o recite_v plant_n convert_v easy_o to_o black_a moss_n which_o be_v do_v by_o drain_n of_o the_o dale_n or_o cut_v sluice_n through_o the_o morass_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o white_a moss_n which_o before_o be_v like_o a_o sponge_n saturate_v with_o water_n now_o drain_v contract_v to_o a_o more_o compact_a body_n beside_o these_o be_v the_o heathturfs_a and_o a_o bituminous_a earth_n near_o ormskirk_n but_o of_o that_o i_o shall_v discourse_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n it_o be_v the_o receive_a opinion_n that_o these_o morass_n have_v their_o rise_n from_o noah_n deluge_n and_o this_o hypothesis_n seem_v to_o be_v back_v by_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o exotic_a tree_n marine_a shell_n and_o other_o phaenomena_n that_o be_v observe_v there_o i_o have_v likewise_o see_v a_o brass-kettle_n which_o be_v give_v i_o
and_o so_o destroy_v that_o acidity_n of_o the_o blood_n that_o may_v occasion_v the_o distemper_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v the_o alum_n and_o vitriol-ore_n and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v various_a sort_n vitriol_n be_v a_o salt_n so_o denominate_v from_o its_o be_v like_o glass_n pellucid_n and_o of_o this_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n white_a red_a and_o green_n the_o red_a be_v find_v in_o the_o mine_n in_o hungary_n and_o the_o white_a and_o green_a in_o lancashire_n and_o derbyshire_n the_o green_a be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a natural_a such_o as_o be_v that_o in_o the_o kennel-pit_n at_o haigh_n in_o lancashire_n and_o in_o some_o lead-mine_n near_o castleton_n in_o derbyshire_n artificial_a such_o as_o be_v prepare_v from_o the_o pyrite_n by_o calcination_n and_o fermentation_n of_o the_o green_a there_o be_v two_o sort_n the_o one_o spungy_a and_o the_o other_o solid_a but_o with_o gall_n all_o yield_v the_o same_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o white_a likewise_o be_v two_o sort_n the_o solid_a and_o the_o trichites_n the_o solid_a be_v find_v sometime_o in_o laminae_fw-la betwixt_o those_o of_o the_o mineral_n bass_n or_o shiver_n as_o the_o miner_n term_v it_o the_o trichites_n be_v a_o efflorescence_n from_o the_o oar_n in_o the_o form_n of_o hair_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n so_o style_v from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v a_o hair_n the_o oar_n of_o these_o be_v common_o bass_n and_o as_o i_o suppose_v have_v their_o pore_n so_o configurate_v as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o other_o salt_n and_o with_o these_o salt_n we_o do_v imagine_v they_o may_v be_v impregnate_v from_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o ascend_a effluvia_fw-la or_o by_o those_o particle_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o those_o stone_n near_o hess-cassel_n in_o germany_n which_o by_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o air_n afford_v at_o several_a time_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o vitriol_n than_o the_o whole_a substance_n of_o the_o stone_n amount_v to_o the_o white_a vitriol_n be_v frequent_o find_v mix_v with_o alum_n which_o i_o suppose_v may_v give_v occasion_n to_o some_o to_o make_v no_o difference_n betwixt_o those_o salt_n but_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v distinguish_v for_o the_o vitriolic_a particle_n will_v spend_v themselves_o in_o efflorescence_n in_o the_o air_n but_o the_o alluminous_a remain_v fix_v and_o than_o it_o be_v and_o not_o till_o then_o that_o the_o alum_n ought_v to_o be_v prepare_v roch-allum_n we_o have_v at_o brindle_n and_o houghton_n in_o lancashire_n where_o great_a quantity_n may_v be_v make_v those_o part_n be_v most_o modious_a of_o any_o in_o the_o kingdom_n for_o this_o business_n since_o they_o may_v be_v so_o easy_o supply_v with_o that_o sea-plant_a which_o the_o arabian_n call_v kali_n and_o we_o in_o our_o idiom_n kolp_n alum_n as_o well_o as_o vitriol_n be_v most_o common_o find_v in_o bass_n and_o as_o we_o suppose_v may_v challenge_v the_o like_a production_n they_o differ_v likewise_o in_o their_o figure_n in_o chrystallization_n yet_o neither_o of_o they_o do_v at_o all_o time_n shoot_v into_o one_o and_o the_o same_o figure_n here_o one_o question_n of_o moment_n offer_v itself_o to_o our_o enquiry_n viz_o whether_o for_o no_o green_a and_o white_a vitriol_n be_v specifical_o different_a or_o only_o differ_v in_o colour_n as_o they_o be_v different_o saturate_v with_o some_o ore_n or_o mineral_n it_o be_v certain_a i_o have_v in_o the_o same_o mineral_n water_n observe_v both_o green_a and_o white_a vitriol_n and_o likewise_o out_o of_o the_o same_o over_o both_o green_a and_o white_a vitriol_n make_v their_o efflorescence_n wherefore_o it_o seem_v probable_a to_o i_o that_o these_o two_o be_v not_o specifical_o different_a but_o that_o the_o one_o consist_v of_o a_o more_o compact_a and_o close_a texture_n and_o the_o other_o of_o more_o loose_a particle_n i_o be_o far_a confirm_v in_o this_o opinion_n because_o i_o find_v that_o they_o will_v both_o turn_v black_a with_o gall_n and_o be_v both_o emetic_n the_o oar_n of_o vitriol_n be_v either_o marcasite_n or_o bass_n the_o method_n of_o make_v vitriol_n have_v be_v before_o recite_v both_o in_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n and_o in_o a_o piece_n of_o mr._n ray_n i_o shall_v not_o therefore_o transgress_v on_o the_o patience_n of_o my_o reader_n as_o to_o marine_a salt_n they_o either_o make_v their_o efflorescence_n out_o of_o some_o kind_n of_o limb_n or_o bass_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v upon_o several_a wall_n in_o lancashire_n and_o upon_o the_o blue_a bass_n in_o cheshire_n sometime_o upon_o old_a wall_n may_v be_v observe_v salt-petre_a and_o oftentimes_o a_o alcalious_a fix_a salt_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o natron_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o which_o we_o likewise_o find_v in_o some_o water_n in_o lancashire_n as_o in_o those_o near_o townley_n and_o burnley_n if_o the_o use_v of_o this_o salt_n be_v full_o prosecute_v it_o will_v doubtless_o be_v of_o great_a benefit_n as_o far_o surpass_v all_o our_o artificial_a alcaly_n if_o we_o may_v judge_v of_o it_o either_o by_o the_o phaenomena_n observable_a in_o it_o or_o from_o those_o account_n which_o the_o ancient_n give_v of_o it_o as_o hypocrates_n and_o dioscorides_n and_o vauslebius_fw-la a_o modern_a author_n in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o plague_n at_o grand_a cairo_n assure_v we_o of_o the_o wonderful_a efficacy_n of_o this_o salt_n of_o which_o he_o himself_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n for_o though_o hundred_o in_o a_o week_n constant_o expire_v of_o the_o plague_n then_o rage_v yet_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o nitre_n fall_v which_o they_o know_v by_o the_o turgidness_n of_o the_o nile_n and_o the_o ferment_a and_o rise_v of_o the_o nitre-pit_n the_o sickness_n immediate_o cease_v polyd._n virgil_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o first_o invention_n of_o glass_n be_v by_o a_o accident_n which_o happen_v from_o this_o salt_n viz._n some_o merchant_n who_o have_v be_v at_o nitria_n a_o place_n in_o egypt_n where_o it_o be_v collect_v in_o great_a quantity_n take_v several_a large_a piece_n of_o natron_n on_o board_n their_o vessel_n and_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o go_v on_o shore_n for_o their_o diversion_n order_v some_o pile_n of_o it_o to_o be_v raise_v on_o the_o ground_n upon_o which_o they_o may_v fix_v their_o kettle_n as_o on_o furnace_n to_o boil_v their_o meat_n but_o when_o the_o fire_n grow_v to_o a_o intense_a heat_n the_o salt_n and_o sand_n flux_v together_o and_o run_v into_o a_o transparent_a glass_n a_o method_n not_o much_o unlike_a that_o which_o be_v practise_v from_o the_o ash_n of_o kali_n how_o far_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v useful_a upon_o this_o account_n deserve_v our_o consideration_n rock_n of_o salt_n of_o a_o vast_a thickness_n be_v frequent_o find_v in_o cheshire_n some_o of_o they_o twenty-five_o yard_n or_o more_o thick_a but_o whence_o these_o come_v whether_o from_o the_o universal_a catastrophe_n of_o the_o world_n at_o the_o deluge_n or_o have_v be_v since_o form_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n admit_v our_o next_o enquiry_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n will_v only_o dissolve_v such_o a_o proportion_n of_o salt_n nor_o will_v the_o salt_n after_o dissolution_n precipitate_v if_o then_o we_o imagine_v these_o rock_n to_o proceed_v from_o the_o deluge_n we_o must_v conclude_v that_o vast_a globe_n of_o water_n that_o drown_v the_o world_n to_o be_v more_o saturate_v with_o salt_n than_o any_o of_o the_o brine-spring_n in_o cheshire_n and_o if_o so_o the_o rock_n of_o salt_n have_v be_v universal_a over_o the_o world_n wherefore_o to_o i_o the_o most_o rational_a conjecture_n be_v that_o upon_o the_o rupture_n of_o the_o strata_n of_o the_o earth_n island_n of_o those_o salt-rock_n float_v in_o the_o flood_n and_o so_o for_o a_o considerable_a time_n may_v be_v toss_v to_o and_o fro_o undissolve_v and_o in_o that_o general_a confusion_n upon_o the_o subside_v of_o the_o water_n may_v settle_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mine_n and_o mineral_n and_o so_o have_v continue_v in_o the_o posture_n we_o find_v they_o ever_o since_o i_o have_v before_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o brine-spring_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o rock_n of_o salt_n that_o be_v already_o discover_v but_o from_o the_o rock_n that_o lie_v deep_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o it_o may_v be_v from_o none_o at_o all_o because_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o salt_n be_v different_a i_o shall_v not_o therefore_o insist_v further_o upon_o that_o point_n but_o pass_v on_o to_o what_o i_o next_o propose_v and_o that_o be_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o alum_n and_o its_o various_a oar_n alum_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o class_n the_o roch_n the_o feather_a and_o the_o trichites_n the_o which_o
be_v make_v most_o common_o from_o a_o ash-coloured_a bass_n and_o be_v frequent_o mix_v with_o white_a vitriol_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o oar_n in_o lancashire_n and_o derbyshire_n the_o feather_a alum_n as_o be_v note_v before_o be_v often_o find_v in_o red_a marle_n near_o thernham_n in_o lancashire_n the_o use_v of_o these_o be_v so_o notorious_a i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o they_o the_o next_o mineral_n that_o bear_v the_o near_a affinity_n to_o its_o salt_n be_v the_o downham-diamond_n these_o as_o we_o hint_v be_v cast_v up_o by_o the_o mole_n and_o in_o those_o little_a mountain_n often_o discover_v after_o shower_n of_o rain_n i_o have_v see_v some_o of_o they_o as_o dazzle_v as_o those_o from_o india_n and_o will_v likewise_o for_o some_o time_n cut_v glass_n but_o not_o like_o those_o continue_v it_o the_o learned_a mr._n boyle_n and_o signior_n bret_n have_v give_v we_o a_o large_a account_n of_o their_o formation_n to_o who_o therefore_o i_o refer_v my_o reader_n only_o in_o short_a i_o shall_v give_v you_o my_o own_o conjecture_n which_o be_v that_o i_o take_v they_o to_o be_v a_o composition_n of_o saline_n and_o terrene_a particle_n perhaps_o not_o unlike_o those_o of_o the_o most_o refine_a sparr_n and_o in_o this_o i_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o calcination_n of_o they_o in_o which_o i_o can_v discover_v a_o perfect_a vitriolic_a taste_n and_o find_v a_o cretaceous_a matter_n but_o this_o i_o presume_v be_v in_o that_o small_a proportion_n and_o so_o curious_o interweave_v with_o the_o saline_a particle_n that_o the_o whole_a body_n become_v transparent_a as_o we_o see_v in_o those_o of_o glass_n the_o like_a phaenomena_n be_v observable_a the_o next_o mineral_n to_o be_v prosecute_v be_v the_o sulphur_n of_o which_o various_a kind_n be_v observable_a in_o these_o country_n as_o in_o mine_n metal_n and_o mineral_n and_o these_o as_o they_o be_v unite_v with_o different_a body_n may_v be_v range_v into_o several_a class_n some_o may_v be_v call_v vitriolic_a sulphur_n because_o consist_v of_o oily_a and_o vitriolic_a particle_n and_o form_v that_o body_n which_o we_o common_o call_v brimstone_n and_o these_o be_v observable_a in_o coal-mine_n mineral-base_n oar_n metal_n and_o mineral_n other_o be_v oleaginous_a sulphur_n as_o the_o halitus_fw-la in_o the_o burning-well_a near_o wigan_n the_o sulphur-damps_a in_o several_a mine_n and_o the_o burn_a turf_n near_o halls-hall_n and_o a_o sulphur_n different_a from_o all_o these_o be_v observable_a in_o lead_n copper_n and_o the_o pyrite_n but_o to_o give_v a_o clear_a idea_n of_o all_o these_o i_o shall_v delineate_v their_o several_a effect_n by_o which_o the_o reader_n will_v the_o better_a judge_n of_o their_o constituent_a part_n i_o shall_v therefore_o in_o the_o next_o place_n proceed_v to_o the_o oily_a and_o metallic_n sulphur_n the_o oily_a sulphur_n be_v easy_o inflammable_a but_o in_o their_o burn_a have_v no_o smell_n these_o be_v observable_a in_o the_o burning-well_a near_o wigan_n and_o the_o burn_a damp_n in_o coal-mine_n as_o be_v before_o hint_v sometime_o these_o take_v fire_n by_o collision_n and_o sometime_o by_o accension_n as_o from_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o candle_n the_o miner_n work_v with_o and_o then_o too_o often_o produce_v dismal_a effect_n as_o the_o blow_a man_n out_o of_o the_o shaft_n scorch_v they_o to_o death_n and_o sometime_o destroy_v the_o work_n the_o effect_n of_o these_o be_v as_o fatal_a as_o those_o of_o lightning_n and_o frequent_o present_v we_o with_o very_o odd_a phaenomena_n as_o the_o rend_n in_o piece_n prodigious_a rock_n eject_v several_a great_a stone_n perpendicular_a with_o a_o thousand_o other_o disaster_n in_o the_o work_n from_o these_o thing_n to_o i_o it_o seem_v plain_a the_o wonderful_a effect_n produce_v from_o lightning_n upon_o animal_n be_v chief_o from_o their_o sulphureous_a particle_n by_o a_o total_a and_o sudden_a dissipation_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n whence_o necessary_o follow_v a_o coagulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o consequent_o death_n wherefore_o in_o these_o case_n to_o save_v the_o life_n of_o the_o patient_n if_o possible_a as_o be_v insert_v before_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o air_n speedy_a bleed_a in_o the_o jugular_n or_o arm_n be_v to_o be_v use_v cupping-glass_n volatile_a alcaly_n friction_n epispastics_n and_o the_o like_a be_v the_o method_n to_o be_v take_v and_o not_o to_o trifle_v with_o milk_n expect_v that_o to_o imbibe_n the_o poison_n as_o be_v the_o common_a custom_n other_o sulphur_n be_v observable_a in_o lead_n and_o lead-ore_n the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o which_o be_v apt_a to_o produce_v palsy_n the_o byon_n and_o consumption_n in_o these_o a_o metallic_fw-la corrosive_a salt_n be_v unite_v with_o the_o sulphur_n and_o so_o either_o by_o cause_v a_o coagulation_n of_o the_o lympha_fw-la or_o serum_fw-la of_o the_o blood_n entangle_v the_o spirit_n obstruct_v the_o lung_n or_o nerve_n and_o so_o produce_v the_o fore-recited_a distemper_n the_o byon_n be_v not_o much_o unlike_o a_o quinsy_n the_o symptom_n run_v parallel_n and_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o like_a method_n in_o that_o as_o in_o a_o essential_a quinsy_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v the_o sulphur_n of_o the_o pyrite_n will_v easy_o fulminate_v with_o nitre_n which_o pyrite_n be_v a_o complex_n of_o different_a metallic_fw-la particle_n as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o different_a mine_n as_o in_o lead_n copper_n iron_n antimony_n etc._n etc._n as_o be_v before_o relate_v sulphur_n be_v discernible_a in_o some_o mineral_n water_n by_o their_o smell_n and_o by_o a_o reverberation_n of_o the_o sulphureous_a steam_n of_o hot_a bath_n in_o cupulos_fw-la native_a sulphur_n may_v be_v collect_v sulphur_n by_o the_o greek_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o they_o think_v in_o this_o in_o those_o time_n of_o heathenism_n the_o god_n descend_v and_o by_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n destroy_v the_o province_n but_o by_o modern_a author_n it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o inflammable_a or_o oily_a concrete_a from_o some_o mineral_n acid_n which_o be_v render_v evident_a in_o the_o preparation_n of_o common_a brimstone_n which_o contain_v both_o a_o inflammable_a oil_n and_o a_o acid_a spirit_n and_o according_o as_o the_o acid_n be_v unite_v with_o the_o sulphur_n the_o sulphur_n be_v benign_a or_o poisonous_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o common_a brimstone_n may_v more_o safe_o be_v take_v because_o it_o contain_v a_o mild_a acid_n but_o the_o sulphur_n of_o antimony_n arsenic_n and_o other_o mineral_n be_v poisonous_a because_o they_o contain_v more_o penetrate_a salt_n and_o so_o inflame_v and_o lacerate_v the_o vessel_n as_o to_o mineral_n damp_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o they_o will_v continue_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o my_o the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n at_o least_o in_o a_o oval_a form_n as_o the_o miner_n assure_v i_o and_o then_o frequent_o break_v at_o which_o time_n if_o the_o miner_n be_v within_o the_o work_n they_o be_v often_o suffocate_v i_o discourse_v with_o one_o who_o have_v like_a to_o have_v perish_v by_o they_o he_o tell_v i_o he_o perceive_v a_o sudden_a coldness_n to_o strike_v to_o his_o heart_n as_o he_o term_v it_o and_o a_o extraordinary_a sweetness_n in_o his_o mouth_n that_o he_o lie_v like_o a_o person_n in_o a_o swoon_a fit_a and_o be_v not_o sensible_a of_o either_o pain_n or_o sickness_n nor_o can_v he_o remember_v any_o thing_n far_o save_v that_o he_o draw_v his_o breath_n short_a as_o he_o recover_v and_o be_v drowsy_a for_o some_o time_n afterward_o the_o phaenomena_n seem_v to_o indicate_v these_o damp_n to_o consist_v of_o arsenical_a sulphur_n and_o vitriolic_v effluvia_fw-la which_o sudden_o entangle_v the_o spirit_n and_o so_o produce_v a_o coagulation_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n and_o consequent_o death_n itself_o if_o not_o speedy_o prevent_v the_o way_n the_o person_n have_v in_o those_o case_n to_o save_v themselves_o be_v by_o dig_v a_o hole_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o lie_v in_o it_o upon_o their_o face_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o damp_n have_v spend_v itself_o and_o sometime_o by_o shoot_v at_o it_o and_o so_o fire_v it_o out_o one_o of_o the_o man_n who_o ignorance_n lead_v he_o to_o superstition_n affirm_v it_o to_o be_v a_o infernal_a spirit_n and_o indeed_o if_o a_o man_n reflect_v upon_o the_o wickedness_n of_o most_o of_o the_o miner_n one_o may_v have_v too_o much_o reason_n to_o conclude_v that_o they_o have_v too_o great_a a_o correspondence_n with_o such_o sort_n of_o company_n their_o moral_n be_v inconsistent_a with_o any_o religion_n there_o be_v scarce_o a_o vicious_a act_n but_o they_o be_v guilty_a of_o it_o their_o folly_n be_v as_o notorious_a as_o their_o vice_n after_o all_o their_o toilsome_a labour_n for_o a_o whole_a week_n in_o dismal_a obscure_a cell_n the_o product_n of_o all_o their_o six_o
the_o ore_n be_v thus_o prepare_v if_o it_o be_v that_o of_o tilberthet_n or_o cocklebeg_n in_o high-furness_n in_o lancashire_n it_o will_v then_o weigh_v about_o seventeen_o pennyweight_n and_o a_o half_a after_o this_o to_o run_v down_o the_o metal_n proceed_v in_o the_o follow_a method_n take_v of_o crude_a tartar_n and_o nitre_n each_o one_o ounce_n powder_n and_o mix_v they_o well_o together_o afterward_o flux_n they_o in_o a_o mortar_n which_o be_v thus_o do_v put_v a_o iron_n spatula_fw-la or_o any_o other_o piece_n of_o iron_n red-hot_a into_o the_o mixture_n continual_o stir_v it_o till_o the_o great_a emotion_n cease_v powder_n the_o remain_a part_n when_o cool_a and_o add_v to_o it_o two_o pennyweight_n of_o pit-coal_n beat_v also_o to_o powder_n mix_v these_o with_o the_o prepare_a ore_n than_o put_v they_o all_o into_o a_o crucible_n place_v it_o in_o a_o furnace_n arm_v with_o brick_n with_o a_o wall_n about_o a_o foot_n square_a and_o as_o much_o in_o perpendicular_a cover_v the_o crucible_n with_o a_o plate_n of_o iron_n to_o reverberate_v the_o heat_n upon_o the_o ore_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o more_o easy_o fuse_v let_v the_o bellows_o be_v blow_v with_o a_o moderate_a blast_n and_o keep_v the_o focus_n of_o the_o furnace_n from_o suffocate_a with_o cinder_n by_o frequent_o elevate_a the_o fire_n with_o the_o spatula_fw-la or_o iron_n salamander_n in_o about_o half_a a_o hour_n time_n or_o less_o the_o ore_n will_v run_v which_o may_v be_v discern_v by_o the_o violent_a boil_a of_o the_o salt_n then_o remove_v the_o crucible_n from_o the_o furnace_n and_o strike_v it_o easy_o for_o some_o little_a time_n upon_o the_o ground_n which_o motion_n make_v the_o metal_n more_o ready_o to_o separate_v from_o the_o scoriae_fw-la if_o when_o the_o crucible_n be_v thus_o hot_a you_o shall_v immerse_v it_o half_a way_n in_o cold_a water_n it_o be_v divert_v to_o observe_v that_o this_o glow_a heat_n emit_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n a_o actual_a flame_n occasion_v as_o it_o be_v probable_a by_o a_o concentration_n of_o the_o igneous_a or_o fiery_a particle_n the_o crucible_n be_v cool_a you_o will_v find_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o about_o six_o penny_n weight_n of_o copper_n so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o ore_n contain_v betwixt_o a_o three_o and_o four_o part_n of_o metal_n if_o the_o metal_n occasion_v by_o the_o remain_a sulphur_n shall_v prove_v brittle_a after_o it_o be_v thus_o run_v down_o you_o must_v then_o run_v it_o down_o again_o in_o the_o same_o furnace_n by_o addition_n of_o some_o saltpetre_n and_o by_o repeat_v the_o fusion_n twice_o or_o thrice_o you_o will_v have_v a_o malleable_a copper_n or_o that_o which_o the_o workman_n call_v fine_a copper_n this_o be_v the_o best_a method_n for_o essay_v this_o sort_n of_o ore_n that_o i_o ever_o yet_o can_v learn_v nor_o do_v i_o think_v it_o can_v be_v well_o effect_v otherwise_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o saltpetre_n and_o tartar_n be_v thus_o prepare_v be_v this_o though_o it_o be_v not_o usual_a in_o other_o flux-powder_n because_o the_o ore_n abound_v with_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o sulphur_n if_o the_o saltpetre_n be_v not_o thus_o bridle_v with_o the_o fix_a salt_n of_o tartar_n it_o will_v doubtless_o carry_v away_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o metal_n i_o have_v be_v inform_v that_o this_o ore_n when_o prepare_v as_o direct_v above_o may_v be_v run_v down_o with_o flanders-ash_n and_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a it_o may_v be_v so_o to_o experiment_n which_o will_v be_v high_o worth_a the_o time_n of_o the_o gentleman_n that_o be_v concern_v in_o copper_n mine_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v they_o may_v perhaps_o prevent_v the_o expense_n of_o repeat_v fire_n which_o they_o be_v at_o before_o they_o can_v reduce_v it_o to_o malleable_a copper_n these_o be_v the_o most_o remarkable_a phaenomena_n i_o have_v observe_v in_o fusion_n of_o copper_n over_o i_o proceed_v next_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o fusion_n of_o lead_n oar_n which_o be_v do_v only_o by_o roast_v of_o the_o sulphur_n and_o afterward_o in_o a_o common_a furnace_n by_o run_v it_o down_o with_o white_a wood._n this_o ore_n contain_v a_o very_a corrosive_a sulphur_n insomuch_o that_o when_o it_o be_v essay_v in_o a_o iron_n vessel_n i_o have_v know_v it_o corrode_v it_o quite_o in_o piece_n which_o sulphur_n be_v i_o doubt_v not_o the_o occasion_n of_o that_o distemper_n the_o smelter_n call_v the_o byon_n i_o have_v in_o some_o of_o these_o mine_n observe_v a_o liquid_a metal_n not_o much_o unlike_a quicksilver_n but_o can_v aver_v it_o to_o be_v the_o same_o and_o have_v frequent_o in_o copper_n mine_n see_v small_a piece_n of_o virgin_n copper_n malleable_a without_o fusion_n but_o how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v so_o i_o do_v not_o determine_v consider_v with_o what_o difficulty_n the_o metal_n be_v ravish_v from_o its_o ore_n on_o that_o topic_n therefore_o i_o leave_v every_o person_n to_o his_o own_o conjecture_n there_o be_v some_o lead_n over_o which_o contain_v silver_n which_o after_o fusion_n may_v be_v separate_v from_o it_o with_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o so_o both_o the_o metal_n preserve_v but_o let_v we_o consider_v far_o this_o poisonous_a sulphur_n of_o lead_n which_o will_v better_a be_v understand_v by_o the_o tragical_a and_o various_a effect_n which_o it_o produce_v not_o only_o upon_o human_a kind_a but_o upon_o quadrupedes_fw-la the_o other_o distemper_n be_v by_o the_o miner_n call_v the_o belland_n which_o discover_v itself_o in_o the_o follow_a symptom_n a_o continual_a asthma_n or_o difficulty_n of_o breathe_v seize_v the_o patient_n with_o a_o dejection_n of_o appetite_n his_o complexion_n turn_v pale_a and_o yellowish_a these_o be_v attend_v with_o a_o dry_a cough_n and_o hoarseness_n swell_v of_o the_o limb_n and_o joint_n ensue_v which_o be_v render_v useless_a this_o distemper_n may_v be_v take_v either_o by_o work_v in_o the_o lead-mine_n or_o by_o the_o fume_n of_o the_o ore_n in_o smelting_a of_o it_o these_o very_a symptom_n happen_v to_o horse_n and_o other_o cattle_n these_o general_o take_v the_o distemper_n either_o by_o feed_v on_o the_o grass_n where_o the_o lead-ore_n be_v wash_v or_o by_o drink_v of_o that_o water_n in_o some_o horse_n that_o have_v die_v of_o this_o disease_n the_o ore_n have_v be_v find_v in_o lump_n and_o mass_n in_o the_o stomach_n let_v we_o now_o inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o these_o distemper_n since_o it_o may_v perhaps_o seem_v strange_a how_o a_o ore_n without_o any_o diminution_n of_o its_o substance_n in_o appearance_n shall_v so_o far_o affect_v the_o extreme_a part_n as_o to_o cause_v they_o to_o swell_v and_o render_v they_o useless_a in_o prosecution_n of_o w_z ch_z i_o allege_v that_o it_o be_v probable_a the_o sulphur_n of_o the_o lead_n be_v a_o substance_n as_o minute_n as_o that_o of_o antimony_n in_o crocus_n metallorum_fw-la which_o we_o find_v by_o daily_a experience_n will_v cause_v most_o violent_a vomit_n without_o the_o least_o diminution_n of_o its_o weight_n why_o may_v not_o this_o sulphur_n then_o enter_v the_o very_a penetralia_fw-la of_o the_o nerve_n and_o in_o those_o by_o its_o saline_a particle_n produce_v a_o corrugation_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n obstruct_v the_o influence_n of_o such_o a_o proportion_n of_o spirit_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o nutrition_n hence_o the_o blood_n become_v dispirited_a and_o perform_v not_o its_o due_a circulation_n but_o stagnate_v in_o various_a part_n of_o the_o body_n the_o serum_n become_v effete_n and_o viscid_n and_o thence_o proceed_v the_o hoarseness_n asthma_n weakness_n and_o swell_n of_o the_o joint_n it_o be_v probable_a this_o distemper_n in_o the_o beginning_n before_o it_o have_v too_o far_o affect_v the_o nerve_n may_v be_v cure_v by_o repeat_v emetic_n but_o after_o it_o have_v once_o advance_v to_o that_o state_n all_o endeavour_n be_v vain_a in_o the_o discovery_n of_o these_o mine_n i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o the_o miner_n use_v the_o virgula_fw-la divina_fw-la or_o the_o fork_a and_o virgin_n hasel_n but_o the_o ore_n general_o discover_v itself_o in_o the_o fissure_v of_o rock_n and_o this_o they_o follow_v till_o they_o break_v into_o the_o bowl_n or_o trunk_n of_o it_o which_o resemble_v the_o trunk_n and_o its_o vein_n the_o bough_n of_o a_o tree_n i_o have_v sometime_o observe_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o limestone_n like_o a_o frog_n involve_v in_o amber_n a_o entire_a piece_n of_o ore_n without_o any_o string_n or_o leader_n direct_v to_o it_o which_o bring_v i_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o consider_v the_o formation_n of_o oar_n whether_o they_o germinate_a or_o be_v the_o exuviae_fw-la of_o the_o deluge_n it_o be_v affirm_v of_o the_o iron_n mine_n in_o the_o duke_n of_o florence_n country_n that_o in_o 3_o year_n time_n the_o same_o
the_o shore_n but_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o i_o ever_o see_v they_o grow_v coral_n we_o have_v not_o any_o but_o mosses_n and_o alcyonia_n of_o various_a sort_n the_o alga_n saccarifera_n be_v frequent_o find_v upon_o these_o coast_n and_o by_o hang_v in_o the_o air_n it_o will_v yield_v repeat_v efflorescence_n of_o a_o white_a sugar_n as_o sweet_a as_o any_o prepare_v from_o the_o sugarcane_n it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o present_a of_o any_o know_a use_n but_o perhaps_o by_o experiment_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v make_v upon_o it_o succeed_a age_n may_v far_o inform_v we_o however_o i_o can_v only_o add_v this_o that_o the_o quantity_n of_o sugar_n that_o may_v be_v have_v from_o one_o of_o these_o alga_n be_v very_o considerable_a there_o be_v other_o kind_n of_o alga_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n common_o call_v mermaid_n purse_n of_o these_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n the_o black_a and_o the_o yellow_a i_o do_v not_o remember_v any_o one_o to_o have_v give_v a_o account_n of_o these_o nor_o can_v i_o inform_v myself_o to_o what_o species_n they_o belong_v have_v never_o yet_o see_v they_o grow_v and_o i_o only_o find_v they_o scatter_v on_o the_o seashore_n the_o sea-grape_n may_v likewise_o be_v observe_v on_o these_o coast_n and_o these_o i_o think_v be_v the_o most_o remarkable_a of_o amphibious_a plant_n in_o these_o part_n the_o perfect_a marine_a plant_n be_v not_o very_o numerous_a but_o the_o follow_a be_v common_a enough_o eringo_n soldanella_n buckthorn_n plantain_n sea-colewort_n spurge_n squill_n sea-purslain_a sedum_fw-la minimum_fw-la sea-spurge_a thrift_n marsh-pinks_a rock_n sampire_n marsh_n sampire_n horn_a poppy_n flore_n luteo_n sea-scurvy-grass_n serpillum_n carduus_fw-la mariae_fw-la verbena_fw-la rocket_n absinthium_fw-la abrotani_fw-la folio_n or_o sea-wormwood_n the_o eringo_n be_v of_o frequent_a use_n in_o scorbutic_a and_o consumptive_a case_n and_o make_v a_o most_o pleasant_a ale_n by_o infusion_n soldanella_n be_v common_o use_v in_o hydropic_a case_n and_o often_o with_o success_n nor_o have_v i_o observe_v it_o to_o be_v so_o rough_a a_o hydragogue_n as_o some_o botanist_n have_v pretend_v squill_n that_o grow_v here_o be_v not_o use_v but_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o may_v not_o answer_v all_o the_o end_n of_o the_o other_o serpillum_n be_v a_o plant_n often_o successful_o make_v use_n of_o in_o catarrh_n and_o in_o the_o fluor_fw-la albus_n rock_n sampire_n make_v a_o most_o delicate_a pickle_n and_o may_v be_v range_v in_o the_o first_o class_n among_o antiscorbutics_a sea-wormwood_n be_v a_o plant_n of_o extraordinary_a virtue_n yield_v a_o aromatic_a oil_n a_o volatile_a and_o fix_a salt_n and_o be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o hysteric_a hypocondriac_n and_o hydropic_a case_n carduus_fw-la mariae_fw-la in_o pleuritic_n case_n may_v be_v style_v among_o the_o first_o and_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o juice_n of_o it_o take_v in_o inflammatory_n distemper_n may_v be_v of_o great_a use_n marsh_n 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enlarge_v far_o upon_o its_o quality_n for_o where_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n to_o bridle_v a_o acid_n as_o there_o be_v in_o most_o chronic_a and_o acute_a distemper_n this_o may_v doubtless_o be_v a_o proper_a vehicle_n to_o entangle_v those_o salt_n beside_o which_o it_o yield_v a_o volatile_a oil_n and_o salt_n which_o sufficient_o correct_v acid_n the_o service_n we_o have_v grow_v in_o great_a quantity_n upon_o the_o rock_n near_o rougham_n which_o yield_v a_o delicious_a acid._n the_o dwarf_n cynorhoidon_n grow_v in_o great_a plenty_n the_o conserve_v of_o its_o fruit_n be_v a_o good_a antiscorbutic_a and_o of_o great_a use_n in_o consumptive_a case_n scolopendrium_n grow_v frequent_o upon_o the_o rock_n ophioglossum_fw-la or_o adder's-tongue_n grow_v near_o some_o of_o our_o meers_n as_o martin-mere_a calamus_fw-la aromaticus_fw-la grow_v in_o several_a place_n as_o osmund_n royal_a frequent_o upon_o the_o morass_n the_o root_n of_o which_o be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o the_o worm_n rickets_o and_o consumption_n and_o i_o think_v i_o may_v aver_v that_o i_o be_v the_o first_o that_o in_o that_o case_n prescribe_v it_o virga_fw-la aurea_fw-la grow_v upon_o the_o sea_n coast_n in_o furness_n a_o particular_a kind_n of_o scurvygrass_n grow_v upon_o the_o rock_n near_o castleton_n in_o derbyshire_n more_o acrid_a and_o pungent_a than_o any_o i_o have_v observe_v and_o have_v a_o small_a leaf_n exact_o resemble_v that_o call_v the_o danish_a scurvygrass_n the_o fresh_a water_n plant_n in_o these_o part_n be_v common_a with_o most_o other_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o they_o lunaria_n be_v in_o some_o place_n but_o very_o rare_a origanum_fw-la be_v common_a mountain_n sage_n and_o buckbane_n be_v likewise_o so_o and_o i_o think_v among_o the_o vegetable_n they_o may_v be_v esteem_v two_o of_o the_o best_a anti-scorbutics_a either_o in_o infusion_n or_o decoction_n rocamboes_n grow_v in_o the_o meadow_n near_o preston_n and_o make_v a_o 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this_o tavernier_n give_v we_o of_o the_o grow_a of_o nutmeg_n in_o east-india_n which_o he_o affirm_v be_v swallow_v by_o the_o bird_n of_o paradise_n which_o by_o intoxicate_v they_o urge_v they_o to_o vomit_v they_o up_o again_o then_o by_o a_o ferment_n which_o adhere_v to_o the_o nutmeg_n eject_v from_o the_o stomach_n of_o the_o bird_n they_o begin_v to_o germinate_v and_o can_v any_o otherwise_v be_v propagate_v but_o this_o by_o some_o be_v look_v upon_o only_a as_o a_o stratagem_n of_o the_o dutch_a to_o keep_v the_o world_n in_o ignorance_n they_o have_v engross_v all_o the_o nutmeg-island_n and_o to_o divert_v other_o from_o attempt_v the_o plant_n of_o they_o tavernier_n be_v positive_a in_o the_o instance_n so_o that_o what_o he_o lay_v down_o whether_o true_a or_o not_o i_o shall_v not_o pretend_v to_o determine_v but_o if_o it_o be_v so_o it_o fair_o illustrate_v the_o other_o instance_n the_o lady-slipper_n we_o have_v in_o several_a of_o our_o wood_n and_o the_o geranium_fw-la robertianum_fw-la which_o be_v of_o
such_o a_o bed_n the_o oyster_n and_o lobster_n be_v very_o common_a and_o likewise_o the_o shrimp_n and_o praw_v the_o prawn_n be_v a_o fish_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o shrimp_n but_o much_o large_a and_o far_o better_a meat_n and_o in_o my_o thought_n the_o most_o please_a of_o any_o shellfish_n whatever_o it_o generate_v in_o egg_n and_o of_o these_o it_o deposits_n a_o infinite_a number_n which_o by_o a_o clammy_a matter_n it_o fasten_v to_o the_o rock_n and_o pile_n they_o one_o upon_o another_o till_o they_o look_v like_o a_o pyramid_n invert_v and_o hang_v like_o icicle_n on_o the_o verge_n of_o a_o penthouse_n we_o have_v the_o best_a and_o large_a cockle_n in_o england_n here_o and_o muscle_n in_o that_o number_n that_o upon_o the_o seacoast_n they_o manure_v their_o ground_n with_o they_o the_o pearl-muscle_n be_v very_o common_a which_o lead_v i_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o germination_n of_o pearl_n the_o formation_n of_o the_o shell_n of_o muscle_n i_o have_v observe_v from_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pin_n head_n to_o 2_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o find_v in_o their_o first_o formation_n that_o the_o shell_n be_v pellucid_a but_o afterward_o as_o the_o lamellae_n be_v constant_o form_v they_o become_v opaque_fw-la their_o substance_n at_o first_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o gluten_n throw_v off_o from_o the_o fish_n and_o indurate_v by_o the_o air_n as_o the_o fish_n grow_v in_o bigness_n it_o still_o emit_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o this_o and_o so_o the_o shell_n continual_o increase_v till_o it_o arrive_v to_o its_o full_a hardness_n and_o maturity_n in_o these_o shell_n and_o likewise_o in_o oyster-shell_n i_o have_v frequent_o find_v pearl_n some_o just_a appear_v through_o the_o innermost_a lamellae_n other_o half_a through_o some_o hang_n like_o fruit_n upon_o a_o pedestal_n other_o drop_v from_o the_o mother_n of_o pearl_n and_o stick_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o fish_n whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o pearl_n be_v not_o form_v by_o dews_n as_o some_o have_v observe_v nor_o within_o the_o fish_n as_o other_o but_o in_o the_o shell_n itself_o i_o find_v the_o pearl_n as_o well_o as_o the_o shell_n to_o consist_v of_o various_a laminae_fw-la wrap_v one_o within_o another_o and_o betwixt_o the_o mater_fw-la perlarum_fw-la and_o the_o pearl_n i_o can_v never_o observe_v any_o extraordinary_a difference_n only_o i_o think_v the_o pearl_n make_v a_o great_a fermentation_n with_o a_o acid_n whence_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o the_o most_o volatile_a part_n of_o the_o mater_fw-la perlarum_fw-la protrude_v itself_o from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o laminae_fw-la and_o so_o constant_o press_v forward_o till_o it_o force_v its_o passage_n into_o the_o shell_n itself_o and_o so_o form_v the_o pearl_n they_o be_v general_o of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n make_v so_o i_o conjecture_v by_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o shell_n these_o pearl_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o physic_n and_o do_v the_o people_n industrious_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o get_n of_o they_o considerable_a quantity_n may_v be_v acquire_v at_o a_o less_o price_n than_o crab_n eye_n which_o they_o infinite_o surpass_v though_o they_o be_v genuine_a but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v adulterate_v and_o instead_o of_o crab_n eye_n we_o have_v mere_o a_o composition_n of_o chalk_n and_o mucilage_n or_o perhaps_o tobacco-pipe_n clay_n to_o the_o infinite_a prejudice_n of_o the_o patient_n from_o what_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o germination_n of_o pearl_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o what_o christophorus_n sandius_n from_o hamburgh_n transmit_v to_o the_o royal_a society_n at_o london_n must_v necessary_o be_v a_o mistake_n which_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v more_o easy_o apprehend_v i_o shall_v transcribe_v the_o account_n he_o give_v to_o that_o learned_a body_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o any_o unprejudiced_a person_n to_o judge_v of_o his_o error_n since_o any_o of_o the_o most_o curious_a may_v any_o day_n in_o the_o year_n in_o the_o river_n wire_n near_o hambleton_n in_o lancashire_n have_v a_o full_a demonstration_n to_o the_o contrary_n the_o first_o letter_n run_v thus_o be_v translate_v by_o the_o publisher_n of_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n march_v 25._o a._n d._n 1674._o touch_v the_o origin_n of_o pearl_n of_o which_o i_o former_o give_v a_o intimation_n be_v please_v to_o receive_v the_o follow_a account_n the_o pearl-shell_n in_o norway_n and_o elsewhere_o do_v breed_v in_o sweet_a water_n their_o shell_n be_v like_a to_o those_o which_o common_o be_v call_v muscle_n but_o they_o be_v large_a the_o fish_n in_o they_o look_v like_o a_o oyster_n and_o it_o produce_v a_o great_a cluster_n of_o egg_n like_o those_o of_o crayfish_n some_o white_a some_o black_a which_o latter_a will_v yet_o become_v white_a the_o outer_a black_a coat_n be_v take_v off_o these_o egg_n when_o ripe_a be_v cast_v out_o and_o be_v cast_v out_o they_o grow_v and_o become_v like_o those_o that_o cast_v they_o but_o sometime_o it_o happen_v that_o one_o or_o two_o of_o these_o egg_n stick_v fast_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o matrix_fw-la and_o be_v not_o void_v with_o the_o rest_n these_o be_v feed_v by_o the_o oyster_n against_o its_o will_n and_o they_o do_v grow_v according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o time_n into_o pearl_n of_o different_a bigness_n and_o imprint_v a_o mark_n both_o in_o the_o shell_n and_o fish_n by_o the_o situation_n conform_v to_o its_o figure_n upon_o which_o i_o can_v but_o remark_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n and_o indeed_o in_o do_v that_o can_v scarce_o confine_v myself_o within_o the_o rule_n of_o decency_n there_o be_v not_o one_o true_a line_n in_o the_o whole_a letter_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n they_o do_v not_o always_o breed_v in_o fresh_a but_o likewise_o in_o salt_n water_n as_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o river_n wire_n where_o the_o water_n be_v continual_o salt_n and_o when_o the_o tide_n flow_v little_o less_o brackish_a than_o the_o sea_n itself_o in_o the_o second_o place_n the_o shell_n be_v not_o only_o like_o that_o of_o a_o muscle_n but_o the_o fish_n also_o be_v a_o real_a muscle_n and_o not_o a_o oyster_n in_o the_o three_o place_n in_o those_o fish_n never_o any_o egg_n be_v discern_v consequent_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o the_o pearl_n shall_v be_v the_o egg_n of_o the_o fish_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v demonstrable_a by_o the_o instance_n above-recited_n that_o the_o pearl_n be_v various_a protrusion_n from_o the_o laminae_fw-la of_o the_o shell_n and_o those_o i_o have_v observe_v as_o well_o in_o the_o black_a as_o in_o the_o crystalline_a laminae_fw-la have_v frequent_o see_v black_a pearl_n as_o well_o as_o the_o crystalline_a one_o which_o be_v so_o many_o envelopment_n of_o the_o mother_n of_o pearl_n four_o by_o what_o be_v allege_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o be_v not_o feed_v by_o the_o oyster_n against_o its_o will_n and_o that_o they_o do_v not_o any_o far_o imprint_v a_o mark_n into_o the_o shell_n than_o by_o drop_v out_o of_o it_o but_o indeed_o after_o that_o they_o do_v common_o leave_v a_o bruise_v there_o by_o which_o you_o may_v easy_o discern_v how_o many_o pearl_n have_v vegetate_v from_o each_o particular_a shell_n a_o phaenomenon_n not_o much_o unlike_o this_o i_o once_o observe_v at_o oxford_n in_o a_o water-rat_n that_o be_v pregnant_a upon_o a_o dissection_n of_o she_o for_o by_o open_v the_o ovaria_n we_o find_v as_o many_o knot_n in_o those_o as_o there_o be_v young_a one_o in_o the_o uterus_fw-la his_o second_o letter_n be_v date_v the_o 27._o of_o february_n 1674._o and_o be_v as_o follow_v as_o to_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v to_o assert_v such_o a_o origin_n of_o pearl_n as_o i_o have_v do_v in_o my_o former_a i_o here_o declare_v that_o a_o certain_a dane_n call_v henricus_n arnoldi_n a_o ingenious_a and_o veracious_a person_n have_v by_o his_o own_o experience_n find_v it_o so_o at_o christiania_n in_o norway_n do_v in_o that_o manner_n relate_v it_o to_o i_o as_o i_o impart_v it_o to_o you_o he_o have_v with_o great_a seriousness_n assure_v i_o of_o the_o truth_n thereof_o beside_o the_o thing_n seem_v high_o probable_a neither_o do_v any_o considerable_a objection_n appear_v against_o it_o if_o i_o shall_v chance_v to_o go_v into_o those_o part_n or_o at_o least_o into_o the_o country_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswick_n where_o also_o pearl_n be_v find_v not_o inferior_a to_o the_o oriental_a once_o of_o the_o same_o size_n i_o shall_v not_o fail_v to_o endeavour_v to_o make_v the_o observation_n myself_o from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v it_o be_v plain_a his_o hypothesis_n be_v not_o probable_a and_o that_o there_o be_v unanswerable_a objection_n against_o it_o so_o that_o his_o very_a all_o centre_v only_o in_o a_o relation_n
from_o the_o forementioned_a dane_n be_v altogether_o fictitious_a nor_o do_v i_o believe_v there_o be_v pearl_n either_o in_o brunswick_n or_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o know_v comparable_a to_o those_o in_o east-india_n the_o mother_n of_o pearl_n of_o the_o oyster_n in_o those_o part_n be_v much_o fine_a than_o any_o discover_v here_o or_o in_o the_o west-indies_n and_o if_o so_o by_o what_o have_v be_v observe_v it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o pearl_n must_v be_v fine_a also_o which_o be_v only_o the_o most_o refine_a part_n of_o those_o defecated_a laminae_fw-la of_o the_o shell_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o there_o be_v in_o fresh_a water_n hereabout_o muscle_n of_o the_o magnitude_n he_o mention_n which_o be_v common_o call_v horse-muscle_n of_o these_o vast_a number_n be_v find_v in_o the_o pond_n at_o tabley_n in_o cheshire_n when_o it_o be_v drain_v but_o not_o any_o of_o they_o contain_v pearl_n nor_o be_v the_o fish_n palatable_a these_o i_o think_v 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chief_o those_o into_o which_o the_o sea_n flow_v daily_o as_o ribble_z lune_fw-fr wire_n and_o the_o mersey_n in_o these_o there_o be_v considerable_a number_n take_v but_o the_o most_o in_o ribble_z and_z the_o lune_fw-fr concern_v the_o growth_n of_o these_o the_o opinion_n be_v various_a some_o assert_v that_o after_o the_o salmon_n leave_v the_o sea_n she_o make_v to_o fresh_a river_n and_o constant_o press_v forward_o till_o she_o gain_v the_o shallow_n and_o in_o the_o sand_n stone_n and_o pebble_n deposits_n her_o spawn_n or_o egg_n upon_o which_o the_o male_a eject_v a_o milk_n which_o fecundate_n they_o and_o so_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la be_v begin_v which_o first_o be_v style_v a_o salmon-smelt_a the_o second_o year_n a_o sprod_n the_o three_o a_o mort_fw-fr the_o four_o a_o forktail_n the_o five_o a_o runner_n and_o the_o six_o a_o salmon_n other_o assert_v that_o the_o salmon_n come_v to_o its_o maturity_n in_o one_o year_n and_o the_o morts_fw-fr forktail_n and_o runner_n be_v a_o distinct_a species_n of_o salmon_n and_o will_v never_o attain_v to_o the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o grow_v salmon_n and_o that_o because_o as_o they_o allege_v several_a of_o these_o have_v be_v put_v into_o pond_n and_o never_o arrive_v to_o any_o other_o pitch_n of_o greatness_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o salmon_n be_v always_o best_o and_o grow_v most_o when_o they_o immediate_o leave_v the_o sea_n and_o by_o their_o continuance_n in_o fresh_a water_n they_o still_o decline_v and_o wax_v lean_a when_o they_o first_o quit_v the_o sea_n their_o flesh_n be_v firm_a and_o well-tasted_n and_o at_o that_o time_n they_o have_v often_o abundance_n of_o little_a infect_v upon_o they_o which_o the_o fisherman_n call_v the_o salmon_n louse_n and_o it_o be_v then_o that_o she_o be_v best_o in_o season_n the_o fisherman_n will_v act_o tell_v you_o by_o observe_v of_o these_o how_o long_o they_o have_v leave_v the_o sea_n but_o upon_o their_o continuance_n long_o in_o the_o fresh_n they_o become_v extreme_o lean_a and_o not_o at_o all_o palatable_a so_o that_o it_o be_v probable_a if_o these_o morts_fw-fr and_o sprod_n which_o be_v take_v into_o pond_n and_o do_v not_o increase_v at_o all_o it_o be_v because_o they_o be_v out_o of_o their_o proper_a food_n and_o so_o consequent_o instead_o of_o grow_v do_v emaciate_a for_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a when_o they_o desert_v the_o salt_n water_n it_o be_v not_o for_o any_o food_n they_o expect_v in_o fresh_a river_n but_o indeed_o to_o reach_v the_o shallow_n as_o well_o for_o the_o preservation_n as_o propagation_n of_o their_o fry_n which_o in_o the_o deep_n will_v be_v destroy_v by_o other_o fish_n so_o admirable_a be_v the_o conduct_n of_o providence_n even_o in_o the_o mean_a of_o creature_n though_o the_o river_n be_v frequent_o stem_v and_o barricado_v with_o wear_v of_o a_o considerable_a height_n yet_o it_o be_v wonderful_a to_o observe_v how_o they_o will_v leap_v over_o these_o to_o gain_v the_o shallow_n to_o deposit_v their_o spawn_n since_o therefore_o the_o smell_v come_v down_o from_o the_o shallow_n and_o make_v towards_o the_o salt_n water_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o fresh_a river_n be_v disagreeable_a to_o they_o and_o since_o the_o sprod_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o fish_n of_o another_o year_n growth_n and_o the_o rest_n likewise_o gradual_o till_o they_o complete_a the_o salmon_n itself_o i_o be_o rather_o incline_v to_o adhere_v to_o the_o former_a opinion_n for_o why_o shall_v not_o there_o in_o this_o as_o in_o other_o creature_n be_v a_o gradual_a increase_n i_o apprehend_v not_o any_o convince_a reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a nor_o do_v i_o believe_v nature_n here_o alter_v her_o establish_a method_n in_o arrive_v to_o a_o full_a growth_n and_o maturity_n the_o next_o remarkable_a fish_n be_v the_o char_n and_o that_o be_v find_v in_o winder-mere_a in_o westmoreland_n and_o no_o where_o else_o that_o i_o know_v of_o except_o in_o conningston-mee_a in_o lancashire_n this_o fish_n be_v not_o very_a unlike_o a_o trout_n only_o the_o flesh_n be_v much_o more_o red_a and_o when_o potted_a it_o be_v most_o delicious_a meat_n of_o these_o great_a quantity_n be_v yearly_o send_v to_o london_n from_o kendal_n and_o lancaster_n it_o be_v likewise_o observable_a that_o these_o fish_n be_v only_o find_v in_o one_o part_n of_o winder-mere_a the_o other_o part_n be_v destitute_a of_o they_o which_o perhaps_o may_v be_v occasion_v by_o the_o pike_n take_v there_o in_o great_a quantity_n there_o be_v another_o fish_n take_v there_o not_o unlike_o the_o char_n but_o something_o less_o nor_o be_v the_o flesh_n quite_o so_o red_a the_o water_n be_v extraordinary_a clear_a and_o contain_v several_a small_a island_n in_o one_o of_o which_o sr._n christopher_n philipson_n once_o reside_v and_o in_o another_o a_o hermit_n a_o relation_n of_o sr._n francis_n sawcole_n who_o for_o some_o
when_o they_o be_v separate_v and_o without_o it_o the_o one_o for_o season_v the_o earth_n and_o water_n wherein_o it_o be_v plant_v and_o the_o other_o for_o season_v the_o air_n the_o method_n of_o which_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o explain_v to_o these_o i_o hope_v without_o offence_n may_v be_v subjoin_v two_o letter_n write_v by_o myself_o some_o year_n ago_o to_o that_o learned_a society_n for_o whatever_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o transaction_n relate_v to_o these_o part_n though_o before_o publish_v may_v yet_o give_v a_o divert_v information_n to_o many_o gentleman_n who_o be_v stranger_n to_o those_o paper_n the_o first_o letter_n direct_v to_o dr._n plot_n secretary_n to_o the_o royal_a society_n run_v thus_o since_o you_o give_v i_o some_o specimen_n of_o the_o water_n of_o latron_n and_o likewise_o of_o nitrian_a nitre_n i_o have_v find_v that_o those_o description_n the_o ancient_n give_v of_o it_o exact_o agree_v with_o those_o specimens_n we_o have_v here_o their_o encomium_n of_o it_o be_v so_o many_o and_o so_o different_a the_o name_n which_o they_o ascribe_v to_o it_o as_o a_o sceptic_a indeed_o may_v equal_o question_v whether_o or_o no_o they_o write_v of_o any_o thing_n else_o or_o whether_o or_o no_o they_o write_v of_o any_o such_o thing_n that_o we_o may_v therefore_o better_o understand_v the_o writing_n of_o the_o ancient_n concern_v it_o and_o the_o phaenomena_n which_o it_o afford_v here_o i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o method_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n show_v whence_o nitre_n have_v its_o denomination_n in_o the_o second_o the_o different_a name_n which_o ancient_a author_n ascribe_v to_o it_o in_o the_o three_o the_o different_a place_n whence_o it_o come_v in_o the_o four_o a_o description_n of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v when_o a_o compositum_fw-la in_o the_o five_o the_o number_n of_o its_o principle_n when_o chemical_o resolve_v in_o the_o six_o the_o rise_z of_o they_o in_o the_o seven_o its_o separation_n from_o the_o water_n of_o latron_n in_o the_o eight_o its_o use_n in_o physic_n in_o the_o nine_o in_o agriculture_n and_o mechanic_n in_o the_o ten_o wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a in_o the_o eleven_o from_o salt_n petre._n that_o all_o nitre_n take_v its_o name_n from_o a_o town_n in_o egypt_n call_v nitria_n i_o shall_v take_v for_o grant_v i_o shall_v therefore_o in_o the_o next_o place_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o different_a name_n which_o by_o author_n be_v ascribe_v to_o nitre_n by_o hypocrates_n it_o be_v sometime_o call_v sal_fw-la aegypti_n sal_fw-la in_o aquis_fw-la crescens_fw-la &_o nitrum_fw-la rubrum_n by_o basil_n serpens_fw-la terrenus_fw-la by_o vitruvius_n flavilla_n salis_n by_o pliny_n spuma_fw-la nitri_fw-la &_o ros_fw-fr pinguioris_fw-la naturae_fw-la by_o the_o grecian_n halmiraga_n by_o encelius_n it_o be_v call_v cryfocolla_n baurac_n sal_fw-la lucidum_fw-la sal_fw-la petrosum_fw-la sal_fw-la anderenae_fw-la but_o the_o word_n baurac_n by_o the_o babylonians_n be_v less_o restrain_v for_o they_o divide_v nitre_n into_o two_o species_n the_o one_o they_o term_v sal_fw-la petrosum_fw-la purpureum_fw-la modice_fw-la amarum_fw-la the_o other_o species_n they_o term_v baurac_n which_o they_o use_v in_o season_v of_o their_o meat_n the_o former_a of_o these_o may_v probable_o be_v the_o nitre_n here_o speak_v of_o and_o the_o latter_a salt_n petre._n by_o jungius_n and_o hoffman_n it_o be_v call_v cerberus_n chymicus_fw-la and_o sal_fw-la infernalis_fw-la by_o rulandus_n and_o johnson_n it_o be_v call_v faex_fw-la vitri_fw-la and_o cinis_fw-la clavellatus_fw-la and_o so_o by_o fallopius_n and_o sometime_o cabalatar_n algali_a anatron_n tincar_n sago_n here_o likewise_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o aphronitrum_n call_v by_o schwenckfeldius_n in_o his_o tract_n de_fw-fr fossibus_fw-la silesiae_fw-la flos_fw-la asiae_n and_o spuma_fw-la nitri_fw-la be_v not_o as_o i_o conceive_v specifical_o distinct_a from_o the_o natron_n here_o speak_v of_o for_o according_a to_o molenbrochius_n and_o junken_a that_o will_v ferment_n with_o a_o acid_n and_o be_v commend_v in_o the_o same_o distemper_n as_o the_o nitre_n of_o nitria_n again_o it_o be_v say_v by_o pliny_n fontibus_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la innatat_fw-la videturque_fw-la nilo_fw-la deferri_fw-la by_o encelius_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v find_v in_o armenia_n rabbath_n africa_n rome_n egypt_n or_o babylon_n and_o therefore_o by_o he_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o species_n nitrum_fw-la vel_fw-la est_fw-la armen_n afric_n egypt_n rabbath_n rom._n vel._n babyl_n by_o wormius_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v find_v in_o nova_n hispania_n the_o natron_n may_v be_v describe_v thus_o it_o be_v a_o alkaly_a salt_n perforate_v like_o a_o sponge_n and_o of_o a_o lixivial_a taste_n and_o thus_o i_o find_v it_o describe_v by_o pliny_n mathiolus_n and_o agricola_n its_o principle_n i_o take_v to_o be_v chief_o two_o viz._n a_o sal_fw-la marine_n and_o a_o urinous_a salt_n that_o it_o contain_v a_o shall_fw-mi marine_n seem_v manifest_a by_o these_o experiment_n first_o because_o that_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o natron_n have_v much_o of_o the_o taste_n that_o a_o solution_n of_o sal_fw-la marine_n have_v second_o in_o evaporation_n the_o particle_n of_o the_o natron_n incrustate_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n as_o the_o particle_n of_o sea-salt_n do_v in_o evaporation_n three_o because_o the_o natron_n be_v perforate_v which_o proceed_v as_o i_o suppose_v from_o a_o sal_fw-la marine_n for_o that_o when_o it_o chrystallize_v shoot_v into_o little_a cavity_n four_o if_o the_o natron_n be_v mix_v with_o salt_n of_o tartar_n it_o emit_v the_o same_o spirit_n as_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a when_o mix_v with_o the_o same_o salt_n and_o last_o that_o it_o contain_v a_o sea_n salt_n seem_v plain_a from_o cesalpinus_n say_v he_o efflorescit_fw-la etiam_fw-la sponte_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la in_o salinis_fw-la ad_fw-la similitudinem_fw-la lanuginis_fw-la canescentis_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o vasis_fw-la in_o quibus_fw-la sal_fw-la continetur_fw-la but_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o though_o the_o nitrian_a water_n be_v of_o a_o blushy_a colour_n and_o make_v a_o brisk_a fermentation_n with_o a_o acid_n yet_o a_o solution_n of_o natron_n look_v clear_a and_o will_v not_o ferment_n with_o a_o acid_n the_o reason_n why_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o natron_n look_v clear_a though_o the_o nitrian_a water_n which_o be_v but_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o same_o salt_n be_v of_o a_o blushy_a colour_n may_v perhaps_o be_v this_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n of_o latron_n receive_v its_o redness_n from_o a_o red_a clammy_a substance_n which_o serve_v chief_o to_o cement_v the_o two_o salt_n together_o and_o this_o i_o the_o rather_o conjecture_v because_o after_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o natron_n have_v pass_v through_o a_o filtre_n there_o stick_v to_o it_o a_o red_a clammy_a matter_n and_o the_o solution_n be_v clear_a and_o the_o reason_n why_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o natron_n will_v not_o ferment_n with_o a_o acid_n i_o conceive_v to_o be_v this_o because_o in_o a_o perfect_a dissolution_n its_o part_n be_v separate_v one_o from_o another_o by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n their_o struggle_n be_v too_o weak_a to_o make_v a_o effervescency_n with_o a_o acid_n and_o in_o this_o i_o be_v far_o confirm_v by_o these_o two_o experiment_n i_o find_v that_o if_o into_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o natron_n i_o pour_v a_o acid_n while_o the_o water_n look_v whitish_a or_o disturb_a the_o salt_n not_o be_v perfect_o dissolve_v it_o make_v a_o brisk_a fermentation_n but_o when_o the_o water_n come_v to_o be_v clear_a the_o salt_n be_v then_o perfect_o dissolve_v if_o i_o than_o pour_v a_o acid_n upon_o it_o it_o will_v not_o ferment_n i_o likewise_o find_v that_o this_o solution_n be_v evaporate_v to_o a_o three_o part_n will_v ferment_n again_o its_o second_o principle_n i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o urinous_a salt_n first_o because_o if_o mix_v with_o salt_n of_o tartar_n it_o smell_v like_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a when_o mix_v with_o the_o same_o salt_n second_o when_o it_o be_v distil_v with_o salt_n of_o tartar_n in_o a_o retort_n it_o afford_v a_o urinous_a spirit_n as_o pierce_v as_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o rise_n of_o its_o principle_n sal_fw-la marine_n and_o a_o volatile_a alkaly_n sal_fw-la marine_n be_v a_o fossile_n salt_n i_o shall_v take_v for_o grant_v it_o receive_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o illustrate_v it_o have_v its_o volatile_a alkaly_n from_o the_o air_n first_o because_o it_o be_v say_v by_o pliny_n spumam_fw-la nitri_fw-la which_o be_v the_o natron_n here_o speak_v of_o antiqui_fw-la negebant_fw-la fieri_fw-la nisi_fw-la ros_fw-fr cecidisset_fw-la by_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr le_fw-fr chambre_fw-fr it_o be_v affirm_v that_o three_o or_o four_o day_n before_o the_o nile_n begin_v to_o overflow_v there_o fall_v a_o certain_a dew_n
which_o have_v a_o ferment_a virtue_n and_o leau'n_n a_o past_a expose_v to_o the_o air_n and_o at_o that_o time_n say_v pliny_n and_o le_fw-fr chambre_fw-fr the_o nitre_n pit_n grow_v full_a of_o nitre_n and_o sand_n vanssebius_fw-la and_o several_a say_v that_o though_o 500_o in_o a_o day_n die_v at_o grand_fw-fr cairo_n of_o the_o plague_n before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o nile_n yet_o the_o very_a day_n after_o there_o do_v not_o one_o die_v which_o doubtless_o can_v not_o proceed_v from_o any_o other_o reason_n than_o because_o at_o that_o time_n the_o air_n be_v impregnate_v with_o this_o volatile_a alkaly_n for_o at_o that_o time_n the_o nitre_n pit_n grow_v full_a and_o this_o dew_n fall_v this_o i_o think_v may_v sufficient_o hint_n to_o we_o the_o great_a use_n of_o its_o volatile_a spirit_n especial_o in_o pestilential_a distemper_n last_o about_o that_o time_n the_o nile_n begin_v to_o overflow_v those_o specimen_n which_o we_o have_v here_o grow_v heavy_a by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o this_o alkaly_n be_v not_o make_v so_o by_o fire_n i_o can_v therefore_o conclude_v with_o helmont_n that_o all_o alkaly_n be_v make_v so_o by_o that_o element_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v its_o separation_n from_o the_o water_n in_o latron_n of_o which_o the_o learned_a dr._n huntingdon_n who_o be_v at_o nitria_n give_v we_o this_o account_n there_o be_v a_o town_n in_o egypt_n call_v nitria_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o nitrian_a desert_n where_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n call_v latron_n take_v up_o a_o area_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o acre_n situate_v about_o thirty_o mile_n west_n and_o by_o south_n from_o terena_n a_o town_n low_a upon_o the_o nile_n than_o grand_a cairo_n and_o about_o the_o same_o distance_n northwest_o from_o the_o pyramid_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o lake_n arise_v this_o sort_n of_o nitre_n call_v natron_n to_o the_o top_n as_o they_o do_v apprehend_v and_o there_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n condense_v into_o this_o kind_n of_o substance_n that_o all_o the_o nitre_n come_v from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n i_o dare_v not_o affirm_v i_o shall_v therefore_o premise_v some_o phoenomena_fw-la it_o afford_v in_o evaporation_n before_o i_o give_v you_o my_o conjecture_n about_o it_o i_o take_v a_o evaporate_n glass_n which_o hold_v about_o four_o ounce_n and_o pour_v into_o it_o two_o ounce_n of_o nitrian_a water_n this_o i_o set_v upon_o a_o sand_n furnace_n give_v it_o fire_v by_o degree_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o water_n be_v warm_a the_o particle_n of_o nitre_n begin_v to_o swim_v upon_o its_o surface_n in_o straggle_a and_o uneven_a number_n these_o after_o a_o while_n united_n and_o afterward_o there_o arise_v a_o salt_n sufficient_a to_o colour_n the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o water_n i_o take_v then_o a_o thin_a glass_n and_o skin_v off_o this_o ice_n but_o can_v scarce_o take_v it_o all_o of_o before_o it_o be_v second_v by_o another_o and_o thus_o the_o salt_n do_v rise_v successive_o in_o film_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v any_o water_n in_o the_o glass_n these_o film_n have_v the_o colour_n and_o taste_v of_o the_o nitre_n that_o come_v from_o nitria_n and_o do_v like_o it_o ferment_n with_o a_o acid_n and_o these_o be_v they_o which_o by_o pliny_n be_v call_v flos_fw-la salis_n and_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o the_o same_z with_o that_o which_o herodotus_n say_v they_o make_v their_o mummy_n with_o if_o therefore_o by_o the_o languish_v heat_n of_o a_o digest_v furnace_n the_o the_o nitrous_a particle_n can_v separate_v themselves_o from_o the_o water_n and_o over_o that_o spread_v themselves_o in_o a_o ice_n it_o may_v be_v as_o probable_a that_o by_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o nitre_n of_o latron_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o water_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o as_o in_o the_o evaporation_n of_o other_o mineral_n water_n when_o the_o water_n be_v not_o strong_a enough_o to_o hold_v up_o the_o salt_n it_o be_v general_o cover_v with_o a_o thin_a film_n so_o i_o suppose_v in_o the_o evaporation_n of_o natron_n some_o particle_n of_o the_o water_n be_v fly_v away_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o sal_fw-la marine_n branch_v one_o into_o another_o and_o so_o incrustate_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o this_o hypothesis_n i_o be_v the_o far_o confirm_v by_o this_o experiment_n i_o take_v some_o of_o the_o natron_n and_o dissolve_v it_o in_o water_n and_o set_v it_o to_o evaporate_v and_o i_o find_v that_o the_o salt_n do_v not_o incrustate_n upon_o the_o water_n till_o three_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v evaporate_v it_o do_v not_o therefore_o seem_v probable_a that_o all_o the_o nitre_n come_v from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n and_o so_o condense_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o that_o they_o incrustate_v when_o the_o saline_a particle_n branch_v one_o into_o another_o some_o of_o the_o aqueous_a part_n be_v exhale_v the_o reason_n why_o its_o volatile_a alkaly_n in_o evaporation_n do_v not_o fly_v quite_o away_o be_v because_o it_o be_v hold_v there_o by_o the_o sal_fw-la marine_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v its_o use_n in_o physic_n by_o pliny_n it_o be_v commend_v in_o ulcer_n and_o inflammation_n palsy_n in_o the_o tongue_n consumption_n colic_n haemorhagy_n purulent_a ear_n and_o intermit_a fever_n by_o galen_n it_o be_v say_v desiccat_fw-la &_o digerit_fw-la multo_fw-la autem_fw-la majus_fw-la ejus_fw-la spuma_fw-la by_o agricola_n its_o prescribe_a in_o the_o same_o case_n commend_v as_o a_o cephalic_a of_o wonderful_a success_n in_o the_o gripe_a of_o the_o gut_n intermit_a fever_n and_o the_o leprosy_n mathiolus_n commend_v it_o in_o the_o same_o case_n by_o hypocrates_n it_o be_v commend_v when_o the_o menstrua_fw-la be_v obstruct_v and_o again_o say_v he_o purgat_fw-la humores_fw-la albos_fw-mi convenit_fw-la in_o abortionibus_fw-la ubi_fw-la pver_fw-la haud_fw-la exierit_fw-la he_o likewise_o commend_v it_o in_o some_o kind_n of_o barrenness_n and_o to_o this_o kircher_n in_o his_o mundus_fw-la subteraneus_fw-la allude_v when_o he_o say_v nili_n aqua_fw-la in_o potum_fw-la redit_fw-la non_fw-la modo_fw-la saluberrimum_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o faecundandis_fw-la mulieribus_fw-la mite_n opportanum_fw-la and_o petrus_n giurius_fw-la give_v we_o this_o memorable_a story_n out_o of_o caesius_n that_o when_o philadelphus_n king_n of_o egypt_n marry_v his_o daughter_n berenice_n to_o antiochus_n king_n of_o the_o assyrian_n he_o command_v his_o daughter_n to_o drink_v of_o the_o water_n of_o nile_n that_o she_o may_v make_v her_o husband_n happy_a in_o a_o numerous_a offspring_n by_o the_o testimony_n therefore_o of_o hypocrates_n galen_n mathiolus_n diascorides_n pliny_n and_o agricola_n it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o physic_n but_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o nitre_n be_v prescribe_v by_o the_o forementioned_a author_n that_o nitre_n which_o be_v a_o ingredient_n in_o gunpowder_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v among_o the_o modern_n we_o have_v this_o account_n of_o it_o mounseur_fw-fr du_fw-fr closs_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o most_o of_o the_o mineral-water_n in_o france_n be_v impregnate_v with_o this_o sort_n of_o nitre_n and_o that_o all_o their_o cure_n be_v do_v by_o it_o molenbrochius_n affirm_v a_o tincture_n of_o aphronitum_fw-la to_o be_v of_o wonderful_a efficacy_n in_o the_o stone_n this_o i_o the_o rather_o credit_v because_o it_o be_v say_v by_o junken_a in_o his_o medicus_n the_o nitre_n of_o nitria_n be_v of_o so_o pierce_v a_o spirit_n that_o it_o will_v not_o permit_v either_o stone_n or_o rock_n to_o be_v thereabouts_o and_o ten_o rind_n in_o his_o meditation_n de_fw-fr veteri_fw-la medicina_fw-la affirm_v it_o to_o be_v of_o wonderful_a success_n in_o the_o same_o distemper_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v its_o use_n in_o agriculture_n and_o in_o treat_v of_o this_o i_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o premise_v one_o phaenomenon_n which_o it_o afford_v in_o evaporation_n when_o the_o salt_n have_v spread_v themselves_o over_o the_o water_n in_o a_o ice_n those_o thin_a plate_n after_o a_o while_n will_v break_v and_o ascend_v in_o perpendicular_a line_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n i_o do_v say_v therefore_o that_o nitre_n may_v be_v say_v to_o fertilise_v the_o ground_n after_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v volatile_a particle_n be_v by_o some_o subterraneous_a fire_n or_o else_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n they_o do_v quick_o ascend_v into_o the_o small_a tube_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o by_o their_o elastic_a nature_n carry_v along_o with_o they_o or_o force_v before_o they_o those_o particle_n which_o as_o they_o different_o convene_v constitute_v the_o different_a part_n of_o the_o plant._n but_o this_o conjecture_n will_v be_v make_v
something_o the_o more_o probable_a by_o a_o experiment_n in_o kircher_n where_o he_o say_v if_o you_o take_v a_o wooden_a tube_n and_o put_v into_o it_o tartar_n quicklime_n salt_n and_o the_o urine_n of_o a_o wine_n drinker_n reduce_v into_o a_o mass_n which_o be_v to_o be_v harden_v in_o the_o sun_n and_o after_o that_o set_v in_o a_o cold_a cellar_n by_o the_o help_n of_o salt-petre_n from_o the_o beforementioned_a mass_n you_o will_v not_o without_o admiration_n see_v flower_n branch_n out_o of_o it_o yea_o such_o be_v the_o force_n of_o nitre_n that_o if_o in_o a_o glass_n keep_v close_o shut_v you_o put_v the_o juice_n of_o some_o nitrous_a herb_n on_o the_o beforementioned_a mass_n nitre_n contain_v within_o it_o be_v pregnant_a with_o spirit_n will_v force_v itself_o through_o the_o very_a pore_n of_o the_o glass_n m._n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr chambre_fw-fr ses_fw-fr plant_n do_v grow_v in_o egypt_n in_o such_o abundance_n that_o they_o will_v choke_v one_o another_o if_o not_o hinder_v by_o throw_v sand_n upon_o the_o field_n insomuch_o that_o the_o egyptian_n must_v take_v as_o much_o pain_n in_o lessen_v the_o fatness_n of_o their_o land_n as_o other_o nation_n do_v to_o increase_v the_o fatness_n of_o it_o in_o mechanic_n we_o have_v this_o account_n of_o it_o it_o be_v say_v by_o pliny_n cap._n de_fw-fr vitri_fw-la inventione_n that_o a_o company_n of_o merchant_n be_v throw_v upon_o a_o shore_n where_o there_o be_v not_o any_o stone_n to_o be_v find_v be_v force_v to_o take_v great_a piece_n of_o egyptian_a nitre_n out_o of_o their_o ship_n and_o make_v wall_n upon_o which_o they_o hang_v their_o boil_a kettle_n the_o nitre_n be_v heat_v by_o the_o fire_n mix_v with_o the_o sand_n run_v into_o several_a stream_n of_o glass_n which_o afterward_o hint_v the_o way_n of_o make_v glass_n it_o be_v likewise_o of_o use_n in_o die_v for_o pliny_n and_o vitrivius_n affirm_v that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o this_o true_a azure_a be_v make_v and_o that_o without_o this_o there_o can_v be_v a_o true_a shadow_n in_o the_o last_o place_n i_o come_v to_o consider_v wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o salt_n petre_n and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a it_o may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o salt_n petre_n first_o by_o its_o ferment_a it_o will_v ferment_n with_o any_o acid_n but_o salt_n petre_n will_v not_o i_o find_v it_o will_v ferment_n with_o vinegar_n as_o the_o old_a commentator_n observe_v in_o their_o comment_n upon_o jeremiah_n and_o the_o proverb_n but_o salt_n petre_n will_v not_o which_o give_v occasion_n to_o some_o in_o those_o text_n to_o alter_v the_o word_n nitre_n second_o it_o may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o salt_n petre_n in_o its_o taste_n for_o natron_n have_v a_o lixivial_a taste_n the_o other_o not_o three_o by_o the_o volatile_a spirit_n it_o afford_v for_o from_o one_o come_v over_o a_o volatile_a alkaly_n but_o from_o the_o other_o a_o corrosive_a acid._n four_o the_o natron_n afford_v a_o red_a clammy_a substance_n insipid_a but_o the_o other_o not_o this_o clammy_a substance_n if_o i_o mistake_v not_o be_v that_o which_o by_o pliny_n be_v call_v aerugo_n salis_n this_o it_o have_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v again_o say_v by_o pliny_n sunt_fw-la ibi_fw-la nitraria_fw-la in_o quibus_fw-la &_o rufum_fw-la exit_fw-la à _fw-la colore_fw-la terrae_fw-la five_o like_o salt_n petre_n it_o will_v not_o crystallise_v six_o in_o the_o fire_n it_o make_v no_o detonation_n but_o in_o this_o it_o resemble_v salt_n petre_n as_o that_o by_o the_o flower_n of_o sulphur_n be_v make_v into_o a_o sal_fw-la prunellae_fw-la so_o this_o if_o you_o drop_v spirit_n of_o sulphur_n upon_o it_o shoot_v into_o pyramidal_a salt_n that_o be_v not_o by_o the_o taste_n distinguishable_a from_o sal_fw-la prunellae_fw-la though_o its_o taste_n before_o be_v lixivial_a from_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a it_o may_v be_v distinguish_v first_o by_o its_o colour_n for_o the_o natron_n be_v reddish_a the_o other_o not_o second_o by_o the_o texture_n in_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a the_o part_n seem_v close_a and_o firm_o knit_v together_o but_o the_o natron_n be_v spongy_a and_o perforate_v three_o if_o mix_v with_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a shall_v ammoniac_a emit_v the_o same_o spirit_n as_o it_o do_v when_o mix_v with_o quicklime_n but_o i_o think_v it_o come_v more_o near_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a than_o salt_n petre_n first_o because_o it_o be_v compose_v of_o a_o sea-salt_n and_o a_o urinous_a alkaly_n second_o like_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a when_o dissolve_v in_o water_n it_o make_v it_o extreme_o cold_a and_o as_o franciscus_n hernandez_n say_v in_o his_o history_n of_o mexico_n it_o produce_v the_o same_o effect_n when_o dissolve_v in_o wine_n but_o i_o have_v not_o at_o present_a the_o convenience_n of_o try_v this_o the_o specimens_n now_o be_v but_o small_a i_o can_v therefore_o conclude_v with_o kircher_n that_o the_o natron_n be_v not_o specifical_o distinct_a from_o salt_n petre_n or_o with_o libavius_n that_o it_o be_v a_o composition_n of_o alum_n sea_n salt_n and_o white-wine_n these_o all_o be_v the_o observation_n i_o have_v be_v able_a to_o make_v at_o present_a concern_v this_o mineral_n if_o any_o more_o occur_v you_o shall_v have_v a_o account_n of_o they_o note_v here_o i_o be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o prepare_v a_o volatile_a alkaly_n from_o that_o salt_n the_o second_o letter_n concern_v digestion_n take_v as_o follow_v shall_v i_o reckon_v up_o here_o the_o many_o controvert_v hypothesis_n of_o anatomist_n concern_v this_o subject_n and_o set_v up_o a_o new_a one_o of_o my_o own_o it_o may_v perhaps_o seem_v a_o piece_n of_o fond_a presumption_n i_o shall_v not_o therefore_o be_v so_o vain_o opinionative_n as_o to_o think_v i_o have_v full_o explain_v here_o the_o nature_n of_o digestion_n but_o shall_v only_o give_v you_o a_o account_n of_o a_o artificial_a digester_n which_o i_o hope_v may_v something_o illustrate_v the_o natural_a one_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o helmont_n maebius_n tachenius_n and_o the_o honourable_a mr._n boyle_n that_o meat_n by_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o acid_a liquor_n will_v look_v extreme_o white_a but_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o salt_n that_o be_v mere_o a_o acid_n there_o can_v be_v any_o chyle_n prepare_v from_o any_o meat_n wedelius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o chyle_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o mixture_n of_o oil_n and_o serum_n tilingius_fw-la affirm_v it_o be_v make_v by_o a_o nitrous_a salt_n dr._n harvey_n by_o tritruration_n dr._n willis_n by_o a_o acid_n and_o sulphur_n silvius_n and_o diemerbrook_n by_o the_o salva_n dr._n mayow_o by_o a_o nitroaerial_a principle_n galen_n and_o aristotle_n by_o heat_n other_o by_o a_o ferment_n spew_v from_o the_o gland_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stomach_n other_o by_o the_o relic_n of_o the_o meat_n grow_v sour_a so_o many_o different_a opinion_n i_o shall_v neither_o endeavour_v to_o reconcile_v nor_o decide_v i_o shall_v therefore_o only_o lay_v down_o the_o phoenomena_fw-la this_o liquor_n afford_v and_o from_o thence_o draw_v inference_n as_o probable_a conjecture_n but_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n premise_v a_o description_n of_o this_o digest_v liquor_n and_o see_v how_o far_o it_o may_v probable_o parallel_v the_o natural_a ferment_n of_o the_o stomach_n the_o taste_n of_o it_o be_v like_a meat_n vomit_v out_o of_o a_o full_a stomach_n something_o sour_a but_o will_v not_o ferment_n with_o a_o alkaly_n it_o be_v prepare_v from_o spirit_n of_o sulphur_n spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n the_o chyle_n of_o a_o dog_n and_o be_v saliva_n it_o be_v pellucid_a and_o without_o any_o smell_n the_o salt_n that_o it_o shoot_v into_o be_v cubical_a upon_o veal_n it_o afford_v these_o phoenomena_fw-la into_o a_o dram_n of_o this_o liquor_n i_o put_v a_o piece_n of_o veal_n the_o bigness_n of_o a_o nut_n and_o set_v it_o upon_o a_o digest_v furnace_n in_o two_o hour_n time_n there_o come_v from_o the_o meat_n a_o liquor_n that_o have_v the_o taste_n and_o colour_n of_o chyle_n and_o the_o meat_n be_v afterward_o light_a dry_v and_o insipid_a and_o it_o afford_v the_o same_o phoenomena_fw-la likewise_o in_o beef_n mutton_n or_o any_o other_o meat_n i_o can_v meet_v with_o and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v though_o it_o have_v be_v affirm_v by_o some_o that_o the_o same_o thing_n may_v be_v do_v by_o acid_a liquor_n only_o yet_o since_o by_o all_o the_o trial_n i_o have_v make_v upon_o they_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o observe_v they_o i_o hope_v my_o scepticism_n in_o this_o case_n may_v be_v pardonable_a if_o therefore_o we_o now_o consider_v by_o the_o help_n of_o this_o menstruum_fw-la there_o come_v from_o the_o beforementioned_a meat_n a_o liquor_n which_o have_v the_o colour_n and_o taste_v of_o chyle_n and_o if_o we_o far_o consider_v that_o the_o taste_n of_o this_o
show_v that_o adrian_n and_o venus_n govern_v the_o world_n egypt_n lean_v upon_o a_o basket_n of_o fruit_n hold_v a_o cistrum_fw-la or_o horn_n like_o a_o trumpet_n in_o her_o hand_n ibis_n a_o bird_n sacred_a to_o the_o egyptian_n be_v adjacent_a and_o be_v the_o bird_n when_o it_o find_v itself_o indispose_v that_o injected_a salt_n water_n by_o the_o help_n of_o its_o beak_n into_o the_o anus_fw-la and_o thence_o show_v we_o the_o use_n of_o clyster_n cappadocia_n hold_v a_o mountain_n in_o her_o hand_n its_o probable_a because_o the_o cappadocian_o worship_v a_o mountain_n for_o their_o god_n africa_n sacrifice_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o come_v of_o the_o emperor_n and_o hold_v spikes_n of_o corn_n cover_v with_o the_o exuviae_fw-la of_o elephant_n asia_n minor_n with_o the_o rostrum_n and_o stern_a of_o a_o ship_n to_o demonstrate_v their_o expertness_n in_o naval_a affair_n in_o which_o her_o inhabitant_n then_o excel_v and_o hold_v in_o her_o right_a hand_n a_o serpent_n perhaps_o because_o the_o country_n abound_v with_o they_o this_o emblem_n as_o it_o delineate_v to_o we_o the_o industry_n of_o those_o people_n in_o navigation_n at_o the_o same_o time_n render_v it_o very_o probable_a that_o many_o foreign_a part_n may_v be_v people_v thence_o and_o britain_n by_o what_o we_o have_v hint_v before_o as_o likely_a as_o any_o but_o the_o more_o full_o to_o evidence_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o conjecture_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n back_o it_o with_o a_o quotation_n from_o divine_a authority_n in_o the_o second_o place_n clear_o and_o full_o evince_v that_o the_o britain_n in_o those_o day_n worship_v the_o same_o deity_n as_o the_o phoenician_n do_v and_o in_o the_o three_o and_o last_o place_n make_v it_o evident_a that_o in_o nero_n time_n a_o british_a queen_n wear_v a_o golden_a torques_fw-la which_o sufficient_o demonstrate_v the_o britain_n trade_v with_o other_o nation_n before_o caesar_n make_v his_o attempt_n upon_o this_o island_n which_o from_o the_o subsequent_a observation_n may_v fair_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v phoenician_n of_o the_o first_o ezekiel_n chap._n 27._o give_v we_o this_o geographical_a account_n which_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o exact_o quadrate_v with_o the_o reverse_n of_o the_o forementioned_a coin_n and_o full_o illustrate_v to_o we_o how_o from_o their_o vast_a industry_n skill_n and_o experience_n in_o navigation_n they_o may_v transplant_v themselves_o hither_o that_o the_o people_n of_o tirus_fw-la which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o phoenicia_n be_v seat_v at_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v merchant_n and_o a_o people_n for_o many_o isle_n that_o their_o ship_n be_v make_v of_o the_o fir-tree_n of_o senir_fw-fr and_o their_o mast_n of_o the_o cedar_n of_o lebanon_n that_o they_o have_v oar_n from_o the_o oak_n of_o bashan_n bench_n of_o ivory_n from_o the_o ashurite_n bring_v out_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o chittim_n embroider_v linen_n from_o egypt_n for_o their_o sail_n blue_a and_o purple_a from_o the_o isle_n of_o elisha_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o zidon_n and_o arvad_n be_v their_o mariner_n and_o the_o wiseman_n in_o tyrus_n their_o pilot_n the_o wiseman_n of_o gebal_n and_o ancient_n thereof_o their_o calker_n that_o all_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v there_o to_o occupy_v their_o merchandise_n those_o of_o persia_n of_o lud_n and_o of_o phut_n be_v in_o their_o army_n observe_v here_o lud_n in_o the_o hebrew_n language_n signify_v lydia_n a_o country_n border_v upon_o phoenicia_n that_o therefore_o the_o british_a king_n assume_v that_o name_n from_o who_o the_o city_n of_o london_n as_o most_o conjecture_n be_v denominate_v seem_v to_o i_o to_o produce_v that_o the_o phoenician_n have_v discover_v the_o whole_a island_n since_o it_o be_v probable_a he_o may_v chief_o affect_v the_o name_n from_o some_o eminent_a lydian_a he_o most_o admire_a among_o the_o phoenician_n whether_o it_o be_v so_o or_o no_o i_o shall_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o determine_v however_o it_o may_v merit_v the_o strict_a inquiry_n of_o the_o learned_a that_o the_o phoenician_n trade_v to_o tarshish_n be_v certain_a which_o by_o the_o best_a commentator_n be_v esteem_v to_o be_v the_o mediterranean_a and_o likewise_o to_o tubal_n javan_n and_o meshech_n which_o signify_v the_o north_n among_o which_o its_o probable_a the_o britain_n may_v be_v include_v that_o they_o likewise_o trade_v in_o precious_a clothes_n for_o their_o chariot_n a_o instrument_n only_o that_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o britain_n make_v use_v of_o in_o fight_v have_v now_o clear_v the_o first_o head_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o second_o and_o that_o be_v to_o prove_v that_o their_o way_n of_o worship_n in_o britain_n and_o phoenicia_n be_v the_o same_o which_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o due_o weigh_v the_o precede_a argument_n to_o wit_n the_o phoenician_n word_n in_o these_o part_n and_o manner_n of_o fight_v with_o their_o prodigious_a merchandize_v put_v it_o beyond_o contradiction_n that_o this_o island_n must_v necessary_o be_v inhabit_v from_o that_o country_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n at_o least_o the_o deity_n they_o then_o worship_v retain_v the_o follow_a name_n andraste_v and_o astarte_n of_o which_o dion_n cassius_n give_v the_o follow_a account_n in_o his_o life_n of_o nero._n the_o british_a amazon_n bonduca_n or_o boadicia_n say_v leo_n before_o she_o engage_v the_o roman_n with_o her_o hand_n lift_v up_o to_o heaven_n have_v this_o ejaculation_n o_o astarte_n protectrix_fw-la of_o woman_n i_o invocate_v thou_o now_o the_o phoenician_n as_o well_o as_o she_o worship_v astarte_n by_o that_o meaning_n the_o moon_n or_o venus_n which_o sometime_o they_o term_v venus_n sometime_o belisama_n sometime_o diana_n and_o sometime_o proserpina_n from_o the_o benign_a influence_n that_o they_o expect_v from_o she_o in_o the_o river_n wood_n valley_n and_o their_o pleasure_n she_o be_v style_v belisama_n upon_o the_o water_n in_o the_o wood_n diana_n in_o the_o valley_n proserpina_n and_o when_o they_o implore_v her_o assistance_n for_o pleasure_n and_o felicity_n venus_n schaedius_n likewise_o in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o german_a god_n give_v we_o a_o relation_n that_o they_o pay_v a_o most_o profound_a adoration_n to_o this_o deity_n insomuch_o that_o when_o she_o be_v in_o her_o wane_n they_o decline_v fight_v of_o which_o the_o roman_n frequent_o take_v their_o advantage_n and_o make_v by_o that_o method_n their_o conquest_n the_o easy_a their_o manner_n be_v always_o in_o the_o new-moon_n to_o engage_v their_o enemy_n of_o which_o superstition_n to_o this_o very_a day_n there_o remain_v still_o some_o footstep_n it_o be_v a_o common_a custom_n among_o the_o populace_n upon_o the_o first_o appearance_n of_o the_o new-moon_n to_o put_v up_o a_o benediction_n to_o she_o in_o the_o follow_a form_n to_o wit_n yonder_o be_v the_o new-moon_n god_n bless_v it_o i_o shall_v now_o in_o the_o three_o and_o last_o place_n endeavour_v from_o another_o relic_n of_o antiquity_n to_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o the_o britain_n trade_v with_o the_o eastern_a nation_n to_o wit_n phoenicia_n and_o that_o be_v from_o a_o torques_fw-la late_o find_v in_o staffordshire_n belong_v as_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o the_o british_a queen_n boadicia_n of_o which_o take_v the_o follow_a account_n in_o the_o county_n of_o staffordshire_n in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o april_n 1700._o a_o poor_a man_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o patingham_n find_v a_o large_a and_o ponderous_a torques_fw-la of_o fine_a gold_n the_o weight_n of_o it_o be_v three_o pound_n and_o two_o ounce_n in_o length_n it_o be_v about_o four_o foot_n curious_o twist_v and_o writhen_a with_o two_o hook_n at_o each_o end_n cut_v even_o but_o not_o twist_v one_o of_o the_o hook_n seem_v to_o have_v a_o small_a notch_n in_o it_o as_o if_o something_o have_v wear_v it_o by_o hang_v to_o it_o it_o be_v fine_a metal_n very_o bright_a and_o flexible_a it_o will_v wrap_v round_o your_o arm_n your_o middle_a or_o hat_n and_o be_v extend_v again_o easy_o to_o its_o own_o shape_n which_o most_o resemble_v the_o bow_n of_o a_o kettle_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o british_a piece_n of_o antiquity_n for_o the_o follow_a reason_n first_o it_o be_v be_v find_v near_o a_o old_a british_a city_n as_o dr._n plot_n in_o his_o natural_a history_n of_o staffordshire_n make_v that_o place_n to_o be_v second_o dion_n cassius_n assure_v we_o that_o bonduca_n or_o boadicia_n wear_v a_o golden_a torques_fw-la the_o roman_n as_o well_o as_o the_o britain_n wear_v these_o torque_n and_o probable_o both_o of_o they_o have_v it_o from_o the_o asiatic_n titus_n manlius_n have_v the_o surname_n of_o torquatus_n give_v he_o as_o a_o achievement_n of_o honour_n for_o kill_a gallus_n a_o man_n of_o a_o prodigious_a magnitude_n the_o torques_fw-la by_o virgil_n be_v thus_o describe_v be_v petere_fw-la summo_fw-la
in_o cheshire_n describe_v b._n 2._o p._n 1._o &_o seq_n shell_n marine_a find_v deep_a under_o ground_n in_o lancashire_n etc._n etc._n b._n 1._o p._n 62._o in_o marl-pit_n p._n 119._o remarkable_a one_o name_v p._n 120._o pearly_a and_o chalky_a kind_n of_o shell_n and_o the_o formation_n of_o they_o b._n 2._o p._n 47._o &_o seq_fw-la take_v out_o of_o a_o hog_n bladder_n ibid._n sibilla_n belgica_n on_o a_o coin_n b._n 3._o p._n 49._o slurry_v what_o it_o be_v b._n 1._o p._n 56._o &_o seq_fw-la smith_n bishop_n founder_n of_o brazen-nose_n college_n in_o oxford_n b._n 2._o p._n 14._o sol_fw-it etc._n etc._n on_o coin_n explain_v b._n 3._o p._n 66._o soapstone_n where_o and_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o b._n 1._o p._n 57_o sparling-fisher_n a_o bird_n describe_v b._n 1._o p._n 161._o spars_n several_a sort_n of_o they_o where_o find_v and_o describe_v b_o 1._o p._n 68_o &_o seq_fw-la use_v in_o physic_n p._n 70._o &_o seq_fw-la a_o black_a spar_n that_o afford_v a_o divert_v phoenomenon_n ibid._n spikes_n of_o corn_n four_o on_o coin_n the_o mean_v b._n 3._o p._n 53._o spout_v at_o sea_n describe_v b._n 1._o p._n 127._o the_o account_v confirm_v by_o dampier_n ibid._n &_o seq_n spring_n a_o account_n of_o the_o origin_n of_o they_o b._n 1._o p._n 28_o etc._n etc._n a_o spring_n impregated_a with_o sulphur_n where_o p._n 31._o spring_n arise_v out_o of_o bass_n account_v for_o ibid._n &_o seq_n stag_n head_n entire_a find_v deep_a under_o ground_n and_o where_o b._n 1._o p._n 62._o more_o of_o it_o p._n 184._o stalactite_n where_o find_v and_o describe_v b._n 1._o p._n 69._o &_o seq_fw-la stone_n of_o exact_a symmetry_n deep_a in_o the_o earth_n b._n 1._o p._n 129._o stone_n of_o different_a form_n colour_n etc._n etc._n take_v out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n b._n 2._o p._n 47._o standish_n in_o lancashire_n a_o roman_a signet_n and_o coin_n find_v there_o describe_v b._n 3._o p._n 81._o the_o vessel_n wherein_o the_o coin_n be_v p._n 82._o starfish_n describe_v b._n 1._o p._n 133._o star-slime_n what_o it_o be_v examine_v b._n 1._o p._n 154._o &_o seq_fw-la sturgeon_n the_o figure_n of_o it_o b._n 3._o p._n 185._o sulphur_n in_o bath_n why_o it_o tinge_v of_o a_o different_a colour_n account_v for_o b._n 1._o p._n 34._o &_o seq_fw-la several_a sort_n describe_v p._n 77._o &_o seq_fw-la etymology_n ibid._n siren_n etc._n etc._n on_o coin_n the_o mean_v b._n 3._o p._n 56._o t_o talcs_n where_o find_v and_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o b._n 1._o p._n 72._o tempest_n a_o terrible_a one_o and_o when_o in_o lancashire_n b._n 1._o p._n 6._o the_o effect_n of_o it_o p._n 7._o thermometer_n experiment_n with_o it_o b._n 1._o p._n 54._o thule_n the_o etymology_n of_o it_o b._n 1._o p._n 4._o more_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n b._n 3._o p._n 76._o tiberius_n emperor_n his_o coin_n b._n 3._o p._n 57_o a_o coin_n of_o his_o find_v at_o chester_n p._n 90._o tideswell_n a_o spring_n in_o derbyshire_n ebb_v and_o flow_v with_o a_o inquire_v into_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o b._n 1._o p._n 25_o etc._n etc._n timpanite_n a_o species_n of_o the_o dropsy_n b._n 2._o p._n 68_o account_v for_o p._n 69._o titus_n vespasian_n emperor_n his_o coin_n b._n 3._o p._n 48._o his_o affair_n in_o britain_n p._n 73._o a_o coin_n of_o his_o find_v at_o chester_n p._n 91._o toad_n very_o poisonous_a but_o the_o excellency_n of_o its_o use_n in_o physic_n demonstrate_v b._n 1._o p._n 154._o &_o seq_fw-la tobacco-pipe_n clay_n b._n 1._o p._n 57_o townley_n richard_n esq_n his_o letter_n to_o dr._n croon_n about_o the_o invention_n of_o a_o instrument_n for_o divide_v a_o foot_n into_o 40000_o part_n b._n 2._o p._n 17._o &_o seq_fw-la his_o instrument_n describe_v p._n 19_o &_o seq_fw-la another_o letter_n about_o the_o quantity_n of_o rain_n fall_v monthly_o for_o divers_a year_n p._n 21._o &_o seq_fw-la his_o table_n of_o rain_n p._n 25._o his_o observation_n of_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n p._n 26._o trajanus_n ulpius_n emperor_n his_o affair_n in_o britain_n b._n 3._o p._n 73._o a_o coin_n of_o his_o find_v at_o standish_n p._n 92._o tree_n find_v deep_a under_o ground_n discuss_v b._n 1._o p._n 61._o &_o seq_fw-la tripos_n with_o a_o star_n on_o coin_n the_o mean_v b._n 3._o p._n 53._o triumvir_n their_o coin_n explicate_v b._n 3._o p._n 54._o trout_n and_o grail_a plentiful_a at_o buxton_n and_o the_o best_a in_o england_n b._n 1._o p._n 147._o v_o valerianus_n caesar_n etc._n etc._n his_o coin_n explain_v b._n 3._o p._n 66._o valerius_n maximus_n etc._n etc._n on_o coin_n b._n 3._o p._n 67_o 68_o valerius_n divus_o augustus_n emperor_n his_o coin_n b._n 3._o p._n 71._o venus_n victrix_n on_o coin_n explicate_v b._n 3._o p._n 51._o item_n p._n 56._o verus_fw-la lucius_n a_o coin_n of_o his_o find_v at_o standish_n b._n 3._o p._n 93._o vespasian_n emperor_n his_o affair_n in_o britain_n b._n 3._o p._n 73._o coin_n of_o his_o find_v at_o chester_n p._n 90._o vesta_n cover_v etc._n etc._n on_o coin_n explicate_v b._n 3._o p._n 58._o via_fw-la trajana_n etc._n etc._n coin_n the_o mean_v b._n 3._o p._n 61._o victoria_n wing_a upon_o coin_n explicate_v b._n 3._o p._n 49._o with_o her_o two_o snake_n p._n 55._o upon_o a_o celestial_a sphere_n etc._n etc._n ibid._n item_n p._n 56._o item_n p._n 66._o viper_n in_o lancashire_n describe_v b._n 1._o p._n 147._o a_o enquiry_n wherein_o its_o poison_n consist_v p._n 148._o it_o be_v flesh_n medicinal_a ibid._n vitellius_n emperor_n his_o coin_n b._n 3._o p._n 90._o vitriol_n three_o sort_n of_o it_o where_o find_v and_o describe_v b._n 1._o p._n 73._o &_o seq_fw-la vitriol-spring_n where_o b._n 1._o p._n 30._o its_o produce_v of_o vitriol_n ibid._n more_o of_o vitriol_n p._n 39_o up-holland_n a_o idol_n find_v there_o b._n 3._o p._n 81._o urceus_fw-la lituus_fw-la etc._n etc._n on_o coin_n and_o why_o b._n 3._o p._n 53._o w_n water_n that_o cast_v up_o marine-shell_n b._n 1._o p_o 28._o at_o burnley_n in_o lancashire_n account_v for_o p._n 37._o natron_n find_v there_o and_o at_o hanbridge_n p._n 38._o its_o use_n in_o physic_n ibid._n water_n of_o a_o styptic_a taste_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o p._n 48._o coldness_n in_o water_n whence_o p._n 53._o water_n out_o of_o bass_n b._n 1._o p._n 40._o water_n chalybeat_a where_o b._n 49._o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o pyrite_n and_o why_o ibid._n &_o seq_n water_n mineral_n see_v mineral-water_n water_n purge_v where_o and_o the_o rise_v and_o nature_n of_o they_o describe_v b._n 1._o p._n 45._o more_o of_o these_o water_n p._n 46._o farther_o discuss_v p._n 50._o &_o seq_fw-la water_n rank_v among_o the_o acidulae_n where_o and_o contain_v natron_n b._n 1._o p._n 43._o experiment_n thereupon_o p._n 47._o water_n saline_n where_o and_o the_o rise_v of_o they_o b._n 1._o p._n 43._o the_o nature_n of_o the_o salt_n make_v from_o they_o ibid._n &_o seq_n water_n sulphureous_a saline_n account_v for_o b._n 1._o p._n 40._o &_o seq_fw-la winder-mere_a describe_v b._n 1._o p._n 141._o &_o seq_fw-la wire_n a_o river_n in_o lancashire_n the_o fish_n there_o b._n 1._o p._n 22._o woman_n with_o horn_n in_o lancashire_n b._n 2._o p._n 3._o &_o seq_n a_o enquiry_n into_o the_o reason_n ibid._n one_o with_o child_n fright_v and_o the_o effect_n p._n 4._o item_n p._n 118._o one_o with_o a_o crow_n upon_o coin_n explicate_v b._n 3._o p._n 50._o more_o of_o a_o woman_n with_o horn_n ibid._n woodcock_n where_o they_o breed_v b._n 1._o p._n 164._o woodward_n dr._n his_o experiment_n concern_v the_o vegetation_n of_o mint_n etc._n etc._n b._n 1._o p._n 107._o &_o seq_fw-la his_o corollary_n therefrom_o examine_v and_o refute_v by_o the_o author_n p._n 110._o &_o seq_fw-la wrong_n in_o his_o notion_n of_o petrifaction_n p._n 115._o finis_fw-la advertisement_n there_o be_v new_o print_v for_o john_n nicholson_n at_o the_o king_n be_v arm_n in_o little-britain_n london_n a_o complete_a dictionary_n of_o the_o greek_a and_o roman_a antiquity_n explain_v the_o obscure_a place_n in_o classic_a author_n and_o ancient_a historian_n relate_v to_o the_o religion_n mythology_n history_n geography_n and_o chronology_n of_o the_o ancient_a greek_n and_o roman_n their_o sacred_a and_o profane_a rite_n and_o custom_n law_n polity_n art_n and_o engine_n of_o war_n also_o a_o account_n of_o their_o navigation_n art_n and_o science_n and_o the_o inventor_n of_o they_o with_o the_o life_n and_o opinion_n of_o their_o philosopher_n compile_v original_o in_o french_a at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o french_a king_n for_o the_o use_v of_o the_o dauphin_n the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n anjou_n and_o berry_n by_o monsieur_n danet_n make_a english_a with_o the_o addition_n of_o very_a useful_a map_n