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water_n pound_n put_v sugar_n 7,593 5 10.9184 5 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A28944 Certain physiological essays and other tracts written at distant times, and on several occasions by the honourable Robert Boyle ; wherein some of the tracts are enlarged by experiments and the work is increased by the addition of a discourse about the absolute rest in bodies. Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691. 1669 (1669) Wing B3930; ESTC R17579 210,565 356

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body_n whereby_o i_o have_v reduce_v sometime_o one_o sometime_o another_o of_o they_o together_o with_o the_o menstruum_fw-la which_o need_v not_o much_o exceed_v they_o in_o bulk_n to_o the_o consistence_n of_o a_o fluid_a body_n we_o see_v likewise_o that_o fusion_n make_v metal_n fluid_a and_o in_o fusion_n there_o be_v manifest_o a_o comminution_n of_o the_o melt_a body_n the_o heat_n alone_o of_o gold_n silver_n or_o iron_n though_o increase_v even_o to_o ignition_n be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v those_o metal_n become_v fluid_a whilst_o they_o continue_v in_o mass_n of_o any_o sensible_a bulk_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v anon_o that_o even_o melt_a metal_n may_v have_v their_o fluidity_n increase_v by_o a_o yet_o further_o comminution_n of_o their_o part_n sect_n vii_o and_o to_o resume_v here_o the_o consideration_n of_o that_o very_a difficult_a question_n which_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o mention_v it_o seem_v well_o worth_a enquiry_n whence_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o the_o distillation_n of_o common_a salt_n and_o other_o saline_a body_n which_o not_o only_o be_v not_o fluid_a but_o be_v hard_o even_o to_o brittleness_n there_o will_v yet_o be_v obtain_v a_o perfect_a and_o permanent_a liquor_n and_o from_o some_o of_o they_o a_o very_a considerable_a proportion_n of_o it_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o question_v it_o may_v indeed_o be_v say_v that_o in_o diverse_a dry_a body_n such_o as_o hartshorn_n wood_n and_o bone_n commit_v to_o distillation_n the_o fire_n do_v no_o more_o than_o separate_v the_o aqueous_a or_o other_o liquid_a part_n from_o the_o other_o wherewith_o they_o be_v blend_v in_o the_o concrete_a and_o bring_v they_o together_o into_o the_o receiver_n where_o they_o convene_v into_o a_o liquor_n but_o beside_o that_o this_o itself_o be_v perhaps_o more_o easy_o say_v than_o prove_v it_o do_v not_o reach_v the_o propound_a difficulty_n for_o with_o what_o probability_n can_v it_o be_v affirm_v of_o body_n that_o have_v be_v already_o calcine_v or_o melt_v such_o as_o be_v the_o red_a calx_fw-la of_o vitriol_n and_o fluxed_a sea_n salt_n etc._n etc._n which_o yet_o afford_v liquor_n though_o their_o aqueous_a and_o other_o loose_a part_n have_v be_v already_o drive_v away_o by_o a_o strong_a fire_n before_o their_o be_v expose_v to_o distillation_n i_o have_v sometime_o then_o consider_v whether_o it_o may_v not_o seem_v less_o improbable_a to_o conjecture_v that_o the_o vehement_a agitation_n produce_v in_o such_o body_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o heat_n do_v both_o divide_v they_o into_o minute_n corpuscle_n and_o drive_v over_o swarm_n of_o they_o into_o the_o cold_a receiver_n where_o lose_v their_o former_a vehemence_n of_o agitation_n they_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o liquor_n chief_o for_o i_o will_v not_o exclude_v concurrent_a cause_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o fire_n happen_v to_o rend_v the_o concrete_a into_o part_n by_o their_o extreme_a littleness_n or_o their_o shape_n or_o both_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v tumble_v up_o and_o down_o that_o the_o wont_a agitation_n of_o the_o air_n propagate_v by_o the_o interpose_a body_n or_o medium_fw-la or_o else_o that_o the_o same_o cause_n whatever_o it_o be_v that_o give_v the_o air_n its_o wont_a agitation_n be_v able_a to_o give_v such_o minute_n corpuscle_n enough_o of_o it_o to_o keep_v they_o fluid_a sect_n viii_o that_o there_o be_v constant_o in_o the_o air_n a_o various_a motion_n of_o the_o small_a part_n will_v be_v anon_o declare_v that_o also_o some_o body_n will_v be_v keep_v fluid_a by_o a_o much_o less_o measure_n of_o agitation_n than_o be_v requisite_a to_o other_o seem_v probable_a from_o hence_o that_o wine_n will_v continue_v a_o liquor_n in_o such_o a_o languid_a warmth_n of_o the_o air_n as_o will_v not_o keep_v the_o part_n of_o water_n move_v but_o permit_v they_o to_o rest_v in_o the_o form_n of_o ice_n and_o in_o cold_a country_n where_o wine_n itself_o will_v congeal_v as_o i_o have_v by_o art_n make_v it_o do_v here_o in_o england_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o though_o the_o more_o aqueous_a part_n will_v by_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o motion_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n yet_o the_o more_o subtle_a and_o spirituous_a part_n remain_v unfrozen_a and_o so_o do_v diverse_a other_o liquor_n especial_o chemical_a of_o very_o subtle_a and_o voluble_a part_n and_o the_o corpuscle_n that_o chief_o compose_v that_o body_n which_o be_v proper_o call_v the_o air_n though_o it_o appear_v by_o weather-glass_n that_o cold_a may_v very_o much_o contribute_v to_o condense_a it_o that_o be_v to_o occasion_v the_o approach_n of_o its_o part_n to_o one_o another_o or_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o close_a order_n have_v not_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v freeze_v by_o any_o degree_n of_o cold_a whatsoever_o which_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o hence_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o extreme_a littleness_n not_o exclude_v their_o figure_n there_o can_v be_v so_o little_a of_o agitation_n about_o the_o earth_n as_o not_o to_o be_v sufficient_a ●o_o continue_v a_o various_a motion_n in_o such_o very_a minute_n body_n and_o consequent_o to_o keep_v they_o fluid_a now_o that_o likewise_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o a_o saline_a spirit_n shall_v consist_v at_o least_o in_o great_a part_n of_o very_a minute_n grain_n of_o salt_n we_o elsewhere_o declare_v where_o it_o be_v teach_v that_o a_o salarmoniack_a may_v be_v make_v by_o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o spirit_n of_o salt_n as_o the_o common_a salarmoniack_a be_v make_v with_o crude_a salt_n and_o there_o a_o way_n be_v also_o show_v how_o these_o two_o salt_n the_o urinous_a and_o the_o other_o as_o strict_o as_o they_o be_v unite_v in_o the_o compound_n may_v be_v ready_o divorce_v and_o agreeable_o to_o this_o i_o observe_v that_o as_o according_a to_o what_o i_o elsewhere_o note_v a_o common_a aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la may_v be_v enable_v to_o dissolve_v gold_n on_o which_o of_o itself_o it_o will_v not_o fasten_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o spirit_n of_o salt_n so_o i_o find_v that_o common_a crude_a salt_n bare_o dissolve_v in_o it_o will_v give_v it_o the_o like_a power_n of_o work_v upon_o gold_n nay_o i_o have_v try_v that_o crude_a nitre_n dissolve_v in_o good_a spirit_n of_o salt_n may_v make_v it_o serve_v for_o a_o aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o i_o remember_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o have_v inquire_v of_o the_o most_o note_a person_n in_o holland_n for_o the_o distil_a of_o corrosive_a water_n what_o be_v the_o great_a proportion_n of_o distil_a liquor_n that_o ever_o he_o be_v able_a to_o obtain_v from_o sea_n salt_n he_o though_o a_o man_n not_o give_v so_o much_o as_o to_o boast_n affirm_v to_o i_o that_o by_o use_v instead_o of_o the_o ordinary_a caput_fw-la mortuum_fw-la as_o brick-dust_n sand_n etc._n etc._n that_o chemist_n be_v wont_a to_o mingle_v with_o salt_n before_o they_o distil_v it_o a_o certain_a whitish_a clay_n he_o have_v sometime_o bring_v over_o almost_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o salt_n into_o a_o liquor_n insomuch_o that_o from_o a_o pound_n of_o salt_n he_o can_v draw_v and_o that_o without_o any_o extraordinary_a trouble_n or_o degree_n of_o fire_n fourteen_o ounce_n of_o liquor_n and_o when_o because_o i_o suspect_v that_o much_o of_o this_o may_v be_v water_n force_v from_o the_o clay_n mingle_v with_o the_o salt_n i_o inquire_v whether_o he_o have_v ever_o dephlegm_v this_o liquor_n he_o answer_v i_o that_o he_o have_v purposely_o do_v it_o and_o sometime_o find_v no_o less_o than_o about_o twelve_o ounce_n of_o it_o to_o be_v strong_a rectify_v spirit_n which_o bring_v into_o my_o mind_n that_o almost_o incredible_a passage_n of_o beguinus_n who_o somewhere_o teach_v the_o distillation_n of_o another_o salt_n add_v to_o the_o end_n of_o his_o direction_n that_o if_o you_o have_v wrought_v well_o you_o shall_v get_v from_o a_o pound_n of_o the_o matter_n a_o pound_n of_o spirit_n but_o because_o from_o all_o these_o liquor_n distil_v from_o such_o kind_n of_o salt_n it_o 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it_o touch_v for_o sometime_o the_o little_a eminency_n and_o pore_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o dry_a body_n on_o or_o against_o which_o the_o liquor_n flow_v be_v of_o such_o magnitude_n and_o figure_n that_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o liquor_n find_v admittance_n into_o those_o pore_n and_o be_v detain_v there_o by_o which_o mean_n they_o usual_o soften_v it_o and_o sometime_o the_o pore_n and_o asperity_n of_o the_o dry_a body_n surface_n be_v so_o incommensurate_a in_o bigness_n &_o figure_n to_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o liquor_n that_o they_o glide_v over_o the_o surface_n without_o stick_v or_o adhere_v firm_o to_o any_o part_n of_o it_o this_o may_v be_v exemplify_v in_o quicksilver_n which_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o humid_a body_n in_o respect_n of_o our_o hand_n or_o clothes_n or_o of_o almost_o all_o other_o body_n of_o the_o world_n upon_o who_o surface_n it_o will_v roll_n without_o leave_v any_o of_o its_o particle_n lodge_v in_o their_o pore_n or_o fasten_v to_o their_o little_a eminency_n whence_o it_o be_v call_v by_o vulgar_a chemist_n the_o water_n that_o wet_v not_o the_o hand_n but_o in_o reference_n to_o divers_a metal_n especial_o gold_n and_o tin_n quicksilver_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o humid_a liquor_n for_o it_o insinuate_v itself_o into_o their_o pore_n and_o thereby_o mollify_v their_o body_n as_o other_o liquor_n do_v those_o that_o be_v moisten_v by_o they_o and_o even_o water_n that_o wet_v almost_o all_o other_o animal_n and_o vegetable_a and_o many_o mineral_n body_n beside_o that_o it_o be_v common_o enough_o observe_v to_o stand_v in_o almost_o globular_a drop_n upon_o cabbage-leaves_a seem_v not_o a_o humid_a liquor_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o feather_n of_o duck_n swan_n and_o other_o waterfowl_n who_o nature_n have_v design_v to_o fly_v sometime_o in_o the_o air_n and_o live_v sometime_o in_o the_o water_n she_o provident_o make_v their_o feather_n of_o such_o a_o texture_n that_o they_o do_v not_o like_o the_o feather_n of_o divers_a other_o bird_n admit_v the_o water_n which_o imbibe_v will_v make_v they_o unfit_a for_o the_o use_n of_o fly_v and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o upon_o the_o change_n of_o texture_n in_o a_o liquor_n it_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o stick_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o body_n to_o which_o before_o it_o will_v not_o adhere_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o this_o that_o though_o quicksilver_n alone_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o glass_n yet_o if_o there_o be_v mix_v with_o it_o a_o due_a proportion_n of_o lead_n tin_n and_o tin-glass_n though_o neither_o of_o they_o will_v adhere_v to_o glass_n yet_o their_o liquid_a mixture_n as_o we_o have_v often_o try_v and_o elsewhere_o specimen_n teach_v ready_o will_n even_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o heat_n sect_n xx._n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o this_o various_a agitation_n of_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o water_n and_o resemble_v body_n wherein_o we_o make_v the_o nature_n of_o fluidity_n chief_o to_o consist_v be_v but_o a_o imaginary_a thing_n and_o but_o precarious_o assert_v since_o by_o our_o own_o confession_n they_o be_v so_o small_a that_o the_o particle_n themselves_o and_o more_o the_o diversity_n of_o their_o motion_n be_v imperceptible_a by_o sense_n which_o represent_v water_n for_o example_n to_o we_o as_o one_o continue_a body_n who_o part_n be_v at_o perfect_a rest_n if_o this_o i_o say_v be_v urge_v against_o our_o doctrine_n we_o shall_v not_o deny_v the_o objection_n to_o be_v plausible_a but_o must_v not_o acknowledge_v it_o to_o be_v unaswerable_a for_o of_o the_o seem_a continuity_n of_o water_n and_o other_o liquor_n this_o may_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o particle_n whereof_o the_o liquor_n consist_v be_v too_o small_a to_o be_v visible_a and_o be_v not_o only_o voluble_a but_o in_o actual_a motion_n the_o pore_n or_o vacant_a space_n intercept_v between_o they_o must_v also_o be_v too_o little_a to_o be_v discern_v by_o the_o eye_n and_o consequent_o the_o body_n must_v appear_v a_o uninterrupted_a or_o continue_a one_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o be_v the_o part_n of_o the_o liquor_n less_o minute_n their_o shift_a of_o place_n will_v hardly_o be_v perceive_v by_o the_o eye_n each_o displace_v corpuscle_n be_v immediate_o succeed_v by_o another_o like_o it_o it_o be_v true_a that_o a_o heap_n of_o grain_n of_o nitre_n though_o upon_o its_o effusion_n out_o of_o the_o vessel_n it_o somewhat_o emulate_v a_o fluid_a body_n do_v yet_o when_o it_o rest_v in_o the_o vessel_n appear_v to_o be_v but_o a_o aggregate_v of_o many_o little_a incoherent_a body_n heap_v up_o together_o because_o the_o interval_n or_o hole_n leave_v between_o they_o be_v great_a enough_o to_o affect_v the_o sense_n but_o if_o the_o same_o salt_n be_v reduce_v into_o a_o alchoole_n as_o the_o chemist_n speak_v or_o impalpable_a powder_n the_o particle_n and_o intercept_a space_n b●ing_v then_o extreme_o lessen_v the_o body_n they_o make_v up_o will_n much_o more_o resemble_v a_o entire_a mass_n though_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o from_o a_o near_a distance_n and_o so_o when_o this_o powder_n be_v by_o the_o fire_n further_o break_v into_o part_n incomparable_o small_a than_o those_o of_o the_o powder_n and_o which_o consequent_o intercept_v such_o extreme_o little_a pore_n that_o not_o only_a salt-petre_n but_o some_o metal_n and_o even_o gold_n itself_o from_o which_o it_o will_v not_o be_v suppose_v that_o any_o thing_n exhale_v to_o lessen_v it_o be_v by_o some_o affirm_v for_o i_o have_v not_o myself_o diligent_o enough_o observe_v it_o and_o do_v yet_o doubt_v it_o to_o take_v up_o rather_o less_o than_o more_o room_n melt_v than_o cold_a why_o shall_v we_o not_o grant_v that_o these_o pore_n may_v be_v little_a enough_o not_o any_o where_o to_o discontinue_v the_o body_n as_o to_o sense_n sect_n xxi_o and_o that_o the_o incoherent_a part_n of_o fluid_a body_n be_v also_o diverse_o agitate_a some_o this_o way_n and_o some_o that_o way_n 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quantity_n and_o as_o i_o remember_v equal_a weight_n of_o common_a oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o common_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n as_o i_o buy_v they_o at_o the_o druggist_n these_o i_o put_v together_o very_o slow_o for_o that_o circumstance_n shall_v not_o be_v omit_v and_o obtain_v according_a to_o my_o desire_n a_o opacous_a and_o very_a deep-coloured_a mixture_n who_o almost_o balsam-like_a consistence_n be_v much_o thick_a than_o either_o of_o the_o liquour_n that_o compose_v it_o the_o like_a experiment_n also_o successful_o try_v with_o some_o other_o chemical_a oil_n but_o find_v none_o preferable_a for_o this_o purpose_n to_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o to_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o the_o disposition_n of_o these_o liquor_n to_o mingle_v thus_o present_o together_o depend_v much_o on_o their_o texture_n we_o make_v the_o mixture_n be_v war●ly_o ●●s●illed_v over_o for_o else_o the_o experiment_n will_v searce_o succee_v a●d_v thereby_o obtain_v as_o we_o elsewhere_o 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ourselves_o to_o have_v distil_v from_o benzoin_n have_v be_v and_o be_v still_o subject_a to_o much_o more_o frequent_a vicissitude_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n for_o part_n of_o it_o all_o the_o year_n long_o continue_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o blackish_a oil_n and_o the_o rest_n according_a as_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n or_o of_o the_o day_n make_v the_o weather_n cold_a or_o hot_a frequent_o change_v its_o texture_n sometime_o appear_v perfect_o the_o same_o with_o the_o newly-mentioned_a oil_n and_o sometime_o shoot_v into_o clear_a and_o variously-shaped_a crystal_n which_o fasten_v themselves_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n till_o a_o warm_a part_n of_o the_o day_n or_o of_o the_o season_n resolve_v they_o again_o into_o a_o liquor_n and_o these_o two_o last_o observation_n may_v also_o serve_v to_o confirm_v what_o we_o former_o teach_v that_o the_o fluidity_n of_o some_o body_n depend_v almost_o whole_o upon_o the_o various_a agitation_n 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