into_o the_o air._n experiment_n xxi_o same_o concern_v the_o same_o have_v fill_v a_o glass_n viol_n with_o water_n which_o contain_v something_o above_o a_o pound_n i_o take_v a_o glass_n pipe_n about_o as_o thick_a as_o a_o goose_n quill_n and_o have_v put_v one_o end_n of_o it_o into_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n and_o close_v it_o with_o cement_n i_o fill_v the_o pipe_n half_o full_a with_o water_n stick_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n at_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o pipe_n which_o be_v place_v in_o the_o pump_n after_o the_o air_n have_v be_v pump_v a_o while_n above_o sixty_o bubble_n of_o water_n as_o big_a as_o pease_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n one_o after_o another_o and_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottle_n so_o far_o expanded_a as_o to_o rise_v quite_o up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o be_v permit_v to_o subside_n several_a bubble_n of_o air_n rise_v out_o of_o it_o afresh_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o renew_v its_o expansion_n as_o before_o but_o upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o the_o air_n it_o present_o subside_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n beside_o which_o the_o follow_a phaenomena_n be_v observable_a first_o that_o those_o bubble_n which_o ascend_v last_o be_v much_o large_a than_o the_o former_a either_o because_o their_o part_n be_v more_o expanded_a than_o before_o or_o because_o more_o bubble_n of_o air_n be_v unite_v together_o but_o whatever_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o we_o observe_v that_o they_o ascend_v much_o slow_a than_o before_o another_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v be_v that_o though_o bubble_n be_v usual_o wont_a to_o rise_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n encompass_v with_o a_o thin_a film_n yet_o in_o this_o tube_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v convex_a the_o less_o protuberant_a part_n of_o the_o bubble_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n another_o observation_n which_o occur_v be_v that_o whereas_o those_o bubble_n which_o rise_v at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o operation_n divide_v the_o water_n which_o they_o pass_v through_o in_o their_o ascent_n these_o latter_a expanded_a bubble_n fill_v up_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n in_o their_o passage_n raise_v the_o water_n before_o they_o till_o the_o air_n be_v again_o permit_v to_o re-enter_v the_o receiver_n and_o then_o they_o whole_o disappear_v from_o which_o observation_n it_o may_v natural_o be_v infer_v first_o body_n under_o water_n may_v be_v press_v upon_o by_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o well_o as_o incumbent_a water_n second_o it_o can_v be_v hence_o infer_v that_o the_o intumescence_n of_o the_o water_n proceed_v from_o any_o elasticity_n in_o it_o since_o it_o may_v more_o probable_o proceed_v from_o the_o elasticity_n of_o the_o air_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n and_o to_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o those_o bubble_n proceed_v from_o small_a particle_n of_o air_n disperse_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n and_o not_o from_o any_o spirituous_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n expanded_a i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n experiment_n xxii_o the_o bubble_n prove_v to_o be_v aerious_a and_o not_o watery_a by_o observe_v the_o like_a bubble_n in_o î_fw-la mercury_n to_o which_o be_v subjoin_v a_o digression_n whether_o the_o air_n be_v generate_v de_fw-la novo_fw-la etc._n etc._n though_o it_o be_v general_o allege_v that_o the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v in_o the_o cylindrical_a tube_n in_o the_o forego_n nineteenth_o experiment_n be_v particle_n of_o water_n expanded_a upon_o a_o diminution_n of_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v they_o real_o part_v of_o air_n disperse_v through_o the_o water_n because_o upon_o the_o re-enter_v of_o the_o air_n the_o water_n be_v not_o impel_v quite_o to_o the_o top_n but_o be_v depress_v by_o the_o air_n lodge_v above_o it_o almost_o a_o inch_n which_o be_v collect_v together_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air._n prove_v the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v in_o water_n aerial_a prove_v but_o in_o order_n to_o a_o further_a discovery_n whether_o the_o aforesaid_a bubble_n be_v water_n or_o not_o we_o try_v the_o nineteenth_o experiment_n in_o a_o small_a receiver_n and_o upon_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n the_o water_n subside_v upon_o which_o several_a bubble_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n prevent_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n half_o a_o inch_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o bubble_n of_o the_o air_n collect_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o we_o be_v further_o persuade_v that_o those_o bubble_n be_v aerial_a because_o the_o air_n be_v a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o tube_n be_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o that_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o cylinder_n depress_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v without_o the_o tube_n have_v a_o convex_a superficies_n as_o water_v expose_v to_o air_n in_o such_o tubes_fw-la usual_o have_v but_o rather_o more_o protuberant_a and_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o those_o bubble_n be_v real_o make_v up_o of_o aerial_a particle_n when_o the_o air_n be_v almost_o exhaust_v and_o the_o water_n have_v subside_v near_o as_o low_a as_o the_o external_a water_n by_o apply_v water_n to_o the_o tube_n which_o contain_v the_o air_n we_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v so_o far_o expanded_a as_o to_o depress_v the_o water_n down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n several_a inch_n below_o the_o external_n water_n so_o that_o the_o air_n which_o be_v before_o expanded_a to_o near_o a_o hundred_o time_n its_o extent_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v further_o expanded_a by_o heat_n but_o i_o be_v yet_o further_o confirm_v in_o my_o opinion_n that_o those_o bubble_n be_v nothing_o but_o air_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n because_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o subside_v water_n yield_v not_o bubble_n as_o before_o except_o a_o few_o small_a one_o when_o it_o be_v near_o pump_v out_o and_o what_o i_o take_v for_o a_o strong_a argument_n be_v that_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o mercury_n several_a bubble_n likewise_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o the_o mercury_n subside_v a_o second_o time_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n several_a bubble_n appear_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n which_o grow_v big_a and_o big_a as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n descend_v low_a from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o body_n pore_n the_o expansion_n of_o water_n depend_v on_o the_o elater_n of_o the_o air_n lodge_v in_o its_o pore_n more_o ponderous_a than_o water_n may_v contain_v aerial_a particle_n in_o its_o pore_n capable_a of_o expand_v themselves_o when_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o compression_n be_v take_v away_o so_o that_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o intumescence_n of_o the_o water_n not_o only_o in_o these_o experiment_n but_o also_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pewter_n globe_n before_o mention_v proceed_v from_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o aerial_a particle_n contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n rather_o than_o from_o any_o elasticity_n in_o the_o water_n itself_o these_o thing_n be_v premise_v it_o will_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o some_o importance_n and_o of_o no_o small_a consequence_n not_o whether_o air_n be_v a_o primogeneal_a bedy_n or_o not_o to_o determine_v whether_o what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o air_n be_v true_a to_o consider_v whether_o air_n be_v real_o a_o primogenial_a body_n and_o inconvertible_a into_o water_n and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la or_o not_o but_o it_o be_v as_o difficult_a as_o requisite_a we_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o offer_v what_o may_v be_v urge_v of_o either_o the_o affirmative_a or_o the_o negative_a and_o first_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o inaptitude_n of_o air_n to_o be_v turn_v into_o water_n or_o of_o water_n into_o air_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o beside_o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o several_a philosopher_n it_o have_v likewise_o be_v find_v impossible_a by_o experience_n to_o effect_v such_o a_o change_n in_o either_o of_o they_o and_o the_o diligent_a schottus_n mecham_n hydraulicopneumat_n part_v 3_o class_n 1._o relate_v that_o in_o the_o musaeum_fw-la kircherianum_n water_n have_v be_v hermetical_o seal_v in_o a_o glass_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o keep_v there_o this_o forty_o year_n without_o undergo_a any_o change_n nor_o indeed_o do_v we_o perceive_v the_o least_o alteration_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o air_n hermetical_o seal_v in_o glass_n for_o chemical_a uses_n though_o it_o may_v acquire_v several_a degree_n of_o heat_n in_o they_o and_o it_o may_v very_o plain_o be_v see_v that_o though_o water_n be_v divide_v into_o
exprimit_fw-la per_fw-la tubum_fw-la c._n d._n primum_fw-la quidem_fw-la vehementius_fw-la subinde_fw-la remissius_fw-la prout_fw-la aeris_fw-la vis_fw-la elastica_fw-la sensim_fw-la conquescit_fw-la hoc_fw-la idem_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la aere_fw-la intra_fw-la vas_n comprimendo_fw-la ad_fw-la aquam_fw-la evibrandum_fw-la comminisci_fw-la placuit_fw-la servatâ_fw-la analogiâ_fw-la dicendum_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la aere_fw-la tum_fw-la conatu_fw-la manûs_fw-la rectâ_fw-la trusillum_fw-la impellentis_fw-la tum_fw-la open_a cochleae_fw-la similiter_fw-la conformatae_fw-la intra_fw-la conceptaculum_fw-la comprimendo_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la fistula_n deinde_fw-la multa_fw-la vi_fw-la emittatur_fw-la plumbea_fw-la glans_fw-la ubi_fw-la reseratus_fw-la aeri_fw-la exitus_fw-la illum_fw-la subito_fw-la dilatari_fw-la permiserit_fw-la quin_n &_o pneumatica_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la tormenta_fw-mi citra_fw-la conceptaculum_fw-la aeris_fw-la compressi_fw-la construere_fw-la non_fw-la inutile_fw-la accidat_fw-la si_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la nostrate_v pveri_fw-la surculos_fw-la sambuceos_fw-la fungosa_fw-la medulla_n exhauriunt_fw-la &_o utraque_fw-la tubuli_fw-la extremitate_fw-la papyraceis_n globulis_fw-la obstructa_fw-la alterum_fw-la globulum_n congruo_fw-la cylindro_fw-la propellunt_fw-la atque_fw-la inclusum_fw-la aerem_fw-la densant_fw-fr quoad_fw-la aeris_fw-la vim_o elasticam_fw-la &_o impellentis_fw-la manûs_fw-la conatum_fw-la non_fw-la ferens_fw-la extremus_fw-la alter_fw-la globulus_n edito_fw-la scloppo_fw-it expellatur_fw-la ita_fw-la ferream_fw-la fistulam_fw-la longiorem_fw-la paraveris_fw-la cujus_fw-la alteri_fw-la extremitati_fw-la immittatur_fw-la plumbea_fw-la glans_fw-la obducta_fw-la papyro_fw-la aut_fw-la simili_fw-la materia_fw-la ut_fw-la exquisitè_fw-fr tubi_n osculum_fw-la implens_fw-la demum_fw-la universam_fw-la aeris_fw-la vim_o excipiat_fw-la alteram_fw-la extremitatem_fw-la aliquot_fw-la spiris_fw-la ambiat_fw-la cava_fw-la cochlea_n quam_fw-la impleat_fw-la cylindrus_fw-la ferreus_fw-la in_o congruentem_fw-la cochleam_fw-it deformatus_fw-la si_fw-la enim_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la cylindrus_fw-la vis_fw-la brevior_fw-la fuerit_fw-la quam_fw-la fistula_n &_o apto_fw-la manubrio_fw-la convolutus_fw-la in_fw-la fistulam_fw-la sensim_fw-la immittatur_fw-la totum_fw-la aerem_fw-la quo_fw-la fistula_n replebatur_fw-la ad_fw-la exiguas_fw-la spatii_fw-la angustias_fw-la adiget_fw-la ex_fw-la quibus_fw-la magna_fw-la vi_fw-la demum_fw-la qua_fw-la data_fw-la porta_fw-la erumpens_fw-la ejacul_fw-la abitur_fw-la plumbeum_fw-la globulum_n casati_n mechanicorum_n lib._n 8._o cap._n 5._o p._n 792._o 793._o etc._n etc._n tittle_n v._o of_o the_o magnetical_a particle_n in_o the_o air._n title_n vi_o of_o the_o destruction_n generation_n absorpsion_n and_o extrication_n of_o the_o air._n air._n concern_v the_o production_n of_o the_o air._n air_n be_v a_o body_n not_o only_o concern_v in_o agreat_a many_o phenomena_n of_o nature_n but_o likewise_o so_o necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o animal_n be_v think_v it_o of_o no_o small_a use_n to_o thy_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v artificial_o prepare_v and_o obtain_v from_o body_n which_o seem_v not_o at_o all_o to_o abound_v with_o air_n for_o can_v it_o be_v do_v it_o will_v not_o only_o be_v considerable_a in_o help_v to_o explain_v several_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n but_o to_o preserve_v divers_a much_o long_o under_o water_n to_o try_v therefore_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v effect_v and_o whether_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v air_n be_v true_o so_o i_o make_v use_v of_o the_o follow_a experiment_n take_v a_o durable_a springiness_n or_o elasticity_n as_o the_o criterion_n by_o which_o i_o shall_v judge_v whether_o the_o air_n generate_v be_v genuine_a or_o not_o experiment_n i._n jan._n 17._o steel_n air_n generate_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o file_n of_o steel_n file_n of_o steel_n and_o a_o convenient_o shape_a glass_n which_o contain_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o be_v seal_v at_o both_o end_n but_o with_o a_o hole_n open_v near_o one_o of_o they_o be_v coveigh_v into_o a_o long_a and_o large_a tube_n so_o much_o water_n be_v put_v in_o with_o they_o as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o dilute_v the_o oil_n this_o be_v do_v and_o the_o external_n tube_n and_o the_o water_n exhaust_v till_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n be_v so_o far_o raise_v in_o the_o open_a leg_n that_o little_o remain_v in_o the_o seal_a leg_n we_o close_v up_o the_o external_n tube_n exact_o and_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o oil_n be_v cause_v to_o run_v out_o of_o the_o internal_a tube_n by_o act_v upon_o the_o metal_n it_o cause_v several_a bubble_n and_o a_o sensible_a heat_n when_o this_o conflict_n have_v continue_v some_o time_n so_o much_o air_n be_v generate_v as_o depress_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o open_a leg_n down_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o raise_v it_o so_o much_o in_o the_o other_o that_o the_o air_n above_o it_o be_v more_o compress_v than_o when_o the_o atmosphere_n have_v free_a liberty_n to_o press_v against_o it_o the_o spring_n of_o this_o new_o produce_v air_n be_v so_o strong_a and_o durable_a as_o to_o keep_v the_o mercury_n at_o â—he_n same_o height_n 3_o or_o 4_o day_n and_o some_o day_n after_o a_o boy_n have_v heedless_o remove_v the_o tube_n from_o its_o usual_a station_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n ascend_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a at_o which_o height_n it_o continue_v till_o the_o 25_o of_o january_n experiment_n ii_o march_n 8._o water_n flower_n moisten_v with_o water_n a_o glass_n viol._n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v a_o pint_n be_v fill_v with_o flower_n of_o wheat_n drench_v with_o water_n and_o the_o orifice_n be_v close_v with_o a_o cork_n and_o strong_a cement_n after_o the_o glass_n have_v be_v place_v 13_o day_n in_o a_o warm_a place_n it_o be_v burst_v by_o the_o violent_a expansion_n of_o the_o include_v matter_n though_o the_o night_n before_o part_n of_o the_o glass_n below_o seem_v empty_a the_o taste_n of_o the_o include_v matter_n seem_v to_o i_o only_o a_o little_a sowrish_n but_o to_o another_o manifest_o acid_a experiment_n iii_o march_n 9_o water_n raisin_n include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o water_n bruise_a raisin_n with_o a_o little_a water_n be_v put_v into_o a_o bolt-head_n when_o it_o be_v exhaust_v i_o place_v it_o in_o a_o warm_a place_n in_o four_o day_n no_o air_n be_v generate_v but_o some_o time_n after_o the_o bolt-head_n be_v burst_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o raisin_n throw_v about_o experiment_n iu._n feb._n 22._o a_o glass_n which_o will_v hold_v about_o 3_o pound_n of_o water_n have_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o raisin_n put_v into_o the_o water_n a_o bladder_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o neck_n of_o it_o which_o have_v all_o the_o air_n squeeze_v out_o and_z in_o two_o day_n time_n it_o be_v so_o fill_v with_o air_n that_o we_o can_v not_o tie_v it_o up_o without_o lose_v some_o of_o the_o water_n experiment_n v._n april_n 28._o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o file_n of_o steel_n be_v put_v into_o a_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n we_o cover_v it_o with_o a_o receiver_n fit_v with_o a_o eel-skin_n and_o a_o wire_n to_o the_o latter_a of_o which_o a_o thin_a glass_n vessel_n be_v tie_v hermetical_o seal_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o furnish_v with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o file_n of_o copper_n this_o be_v do_v and_o the_o receiver_n exhaust_v we_o thrust_v the_o glass_n which_o contain_v the_o file_n against_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o break_v it_o off_o whereupon_o the_o file_n fall_v into_o the_o menstruum_fw-la a_o considerable_a number_n of_o bubble_n be_v generate_v the_o viol_n be_v keep_v ¼_n of_o a_o hour_n long_o in_o vacuo_fw-la the_o liquor_n acquire_v not_o the_o least_o greenness_n experiment_n vi._n water_n air_n shut_v up_o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o spring_n water_n a_o bubble_n of_o air_n about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o pea_n be_v leave_v at_o the_o top_n of_o a_o round_a viol_n with_o a_o long_a narrow_a neck_n the_o cavity_n of_o it_o be_v fill_v with_o fine_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o then_o invert_v into_o a_o viol_n fill_v with_o the_o same_o liquor_n another_o viol_n which_o have_v a_o bubble_n in_o the_o top_n be_v fill_v with_o alcohol_n of_o wine_n and_o invert_v it_o into_o the_o the_o same_o liquor_n on_o the_o six_o day_n the_o bubble_n in_o the_o oil_n disappear_v and_o on_o the_o seven_o that_o in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n vanish_v experiment_n vii_o may_v 23._o spawn_n frog_n be_v spawn_n a_o receiver_n which_o have_v be_v three_o year_n exhaust_v be_v open_v and_o a_o black_a opacous_a liquor_n which_o we_o judge_v to_o be_v frog_n spawn_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o viol_n be_v take_v out_o be_v of_o a_o stink_a smell_n but_o not_o mouldy_a it_o have_v yield_v some_o air._n experiment_n viii_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o miner_n meet_v with_o run_v water_n under_o ground_n they_o be_v by_o those_o supply_v with_o air_n enough_o for_o respiration_n though_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o stand_a water_n do_v not_o afford_v air._n experiment_n about_o the_o production_n of_o air_n and_o the_o examine_v thereof_o propose_v sect._n i._n to_o produce_v air_n by_o fermentation_n in_o receiver_n exact_o close_v and_o in_o
be_v expect_v that_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o the_o expansion_n of_o aqueous_a humour_n and_o also_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o condensation_n of_o water_n and_o watery_a humour_n but_o as_o for_o the_o first_o i_o doubt_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o expansion_n except_o of_o the_o watery_a part_n of_o they_o but_o if_o it_o may_v be_v of_o any_o use_n to_o direct_v we_o in_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o different_a proportion_n they_o contain_v of_o phlegm_n or_o other_o more_o spirituous_a ingredient_n i_o will_v not_o discourage_v those_o who_o curiosity_n shall_v prevail_v with_o they_o to_o prosecute_v such_o experiment_n and_o as_o for_o the_o condensation_n of_o water_n by_o cold_a though_o perhaps_o in_o hot_a climate_n it_o may_v be_v considerable_a yet_o i_o have_v not_o find_v it_o very_o sensible_a in_o all_o the_o trial_n i_o have_v make_v here_o particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o x_o title_n 1._o a_o bolt-head_n who_o stem_n be_v 17_o inch_n above_o 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the_o additional_a weight_n increase_v its_o tendency_n towards_o the_o centre_n chap._n vi_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n make_v out_o by_o new_a experiment_n before_o i_o proc_v to_o the_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n i_o shall_v brief_o intimate_v that_o though_o i_o can_v ready_o assent_v to_o the_o hydrostatical_a conclusion_n lay_v down_o in_o mounseur_fw-fr paschall_n discourse_n yet_o as_o for_o the_o experiment_n he_o make_v use_v of_o to_o prove_v they_o by_o i_o must_v own_v i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v with_o they_o since_o he_o make_v use_v of_o such_o as_o require_v that_o a_o man_n shall_v sit_v under_o water_n fifteen_o or_o twenty_o foot_n with_o the_o end_n of_o a_o tube_n lean_v upon_o his_o thigh_n but_o he_o neither_o acquaint_v we_o how_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o continue_v there_o or_o how_o he_o shall_v discern_v the_o alteration_n in_o the_o mercury_n or_o other_o body_n at_o the_o bottom_n beside_o such_o experiment_n as_o he_o propose_v require_v tubes_fw-la 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be_v consonant_n second_o that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v even_o the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o this_o plain_n will_v equal_o press_v on_o all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o but_o three_o if_o there_o be_v a_o great_a pressure_n on_o one_o part_n of_o this_o plain_a than_o another_o as_o when_o a_o stone_n press_v upon_o it_o the_o water_n which_o lie_v under_o that_o stone_n will_v be_v displace_v as_o the_o stone_n subside_v successive_o till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o there_o be_v less_o pressure_n on_o one_o part_n of_o that_o plain_a than_o on_o another_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v raise_v on_o that_o part_n so_o high_a till_o the_o liquor_n on_o that_o part_n of_o the_o plain_n gravitates_fw-la equal_o as_o the_o water_n
the_o more_o their_o fluidity_n be_v increase_v body_n a_o fluid_n may_v be_v obtain_v from_o a_o consistent_a body_n and_o here_o it_o may_v not_o be_v unseasonable_a to_o inquire_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o a_o transparent_a liquor_n shall_v be_v draw_v from_o such_o brittle_a body_n as_o common_a salt_n i_o know_v it_o be_v usual_o allege_v that_o the_o fire_n only_o separate_v the_o moist_a from_o the_o dry_a part_n but_o since_o body_n already_o calcine_v or_o melt_v must_v needs_o by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n have_v their_o moist_a part_n likewise_o so_o separate_v it_o be_v rather_o probable_a that_o the_o fire_n only_o divide_v their_o part_n and_o put_v they_o into_o a_o violent_a agitation_n by_o which_o they_o be_v raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o receiver_n condense_a into_o a_o fluid_a who_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o shape_n and_o size_n be_v apt_a for_o motion_n continue_v to_o move_v up_o and_o down_o and_o so_o preserve_v that_o body_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o fluid_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n or_o of_o some_o interpose_a body_n concur_v to_o preserve_v the_o part_n of_o that_o in_o motion_n likewise_o and_o that_o the_o air_n abound_v with_o part_n perpetual_o in_o a_o various_a motion_n will_v appear_v by_o and_o by_o other_o some_o body_n more_o easy_o preserve_v fluid_a than_o other_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n that_o a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o motion_n be_v requisite_a to_o preserve_v some_o body_n in_o a_o fluid_a form_n than_o other_o be_v plain_a since_o several_a body_n will_v be_v freeze_v with_o one_o degree_n of_o cold_a with_o which_o other_o will_v not_o and_o though_o the_o watery_a part_n of_o wine_n in_o some_o country_n will_v freeze_v yet_o the_o spirituous_a corpuscle_n of_o the_o same_o liquor_n remain_v untouched_a and_o though_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o help_n of_o good_a weather-glass_n that_o cold_a condense_n the_o air_n yet_o it_o be_v never_o so_o far_o condense_v as_o to_o become_v ice_n because_o the_o perpetual_a motion_n concur_v with_o the_o minuteness_n and_o shape_n of_o its_o part_n they_o be_v always_o in_o a_o agitation_n requisite_a to_o keep_v it_o in_o that_o form_n and_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o part_n of_o salt_n be_v very_a minute_n since_o from_o experiment_n before_o mention_v it_o appear_v that_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o urine_n will_v unite_v into_o a_o salarmoniack_a and_o it_o be_v further_o confirm_v since_o common-salt_n mix_v with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v dissolve_v gold_n as_o well_o as_o spirit_n of_o salt_n join_v with_o the_o latter_a and_o though_o crude_a nitre_n itself_o be_v mix_v with_o spirit_n of_o salt_n the_o result_a mixture_n will_v supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o that_o a_o chemist_n in_o holland_n draw_v no_o less_o than_o fourteen_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n from_o a_o pound_n of_o salt_n a_o whitish_a clay_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o the_o common_a caput_n mortuum_n and_o that_o when_o he_o have_v dephlegm_v the_o spirit_n twelve_o ounce_n remain_v very_o high_o rectify_v which_o may_v be_v something_o in_o favour_n of_o beguinus_n who_o pretend_v to_o have_v get_v a_o pound_n of_o spirit_n from_o a_o pound_n of_o salt_n but_o it_o may_v be_v a_o question_n whether_o the_o fluidity_n of_o these_o body_n may_v not_o in_o part_n proceed_v from_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n work_v upon_o some_o part_n of_o the_o concrete_a since_o a_o phlegm_n or_o water_n may_v be_v obtain_v from_o rectify_v spirit_n so_o as_o to_o change_v part_n of_o it_o into_o a_o moist_a body_n like_o water_n and_o this_o will_v rather_o be_v think_v probable_a if_o we_o consider_v and_o believe_v what_o the_o famous_a helmont_n say_v viz._n that_o he_o can_v reduce_v oil_n and_o salt_n into_o insipid_a water_n fluidity_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o part_n of_o body_n as_o well_o as_o their_o size_n contribute_v to_o tseir_v fluidity_n without_o the_o help_n of_o that_o noble_a alkahest_n which_o will_v render_v gross_a body_n whole_o liquid_a and_o here_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o add_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o size_n of_o the_o part_n of_o body_n that_o endue_v they_o with_o a_o disposition_n to_o fluidity_n but_o also_o their_o shape_v and_o i_o be_o the_o more_o confirm_v in_o this_o opinion_n because_o have_v distil_v oil_n of_o olive_n in_o a_o glass-retort_n per_fw-la se_fw-la near_o a_o three_o part_n of_o it_o be_v coagulate_v in_o the_o receiver_n into_o a_o whitish_a substance_n not_o very_o much_o unlike_o butter_n where_o the_o distil_a substance_n which_o usual_o be_v fluid_a though_o draw_v from_o solid_a concretes_n be_v on_o the_o contrary_a in_o this_o experiment_n a_o consistent_a one_o yield_v by_o a_o liquid_a for_o which_o no_o other_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v but_o that_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o liquid_a part_n be_v so_o alter_v as_o to_o become_v unfit_a for_o motion_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o reason_n of_o fluidity_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o in_o pour_v of_o sand_n corn_n flower_n apple_n walnut_n etc._n etc._n out_o of_o a_o sack_n that_o that_o aggregate_v of_o body_n who_o part_n be_v the_o least_o appear_v most_o like_a liquid_n and_o it_o be_v common_o observe_v that_o whites_n of_o egg_n by_o be_v beat_v with_o a_o whisk_n present_o lose_v their_o clamminess_n and_o viscidity_n and_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o thin_a and_o fluid_a substance_n their_o part_n be_v break_v asunder_o and_o more_o minutely_o divide_v and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o that_o jelly_n which_o be_v by_o the_o vulgar_a thought_n to_o fall_v from_o a_o star_n by_o be_v a_o long_a time_n digest_v in_o a_o well-stopped_a glass_n become_v a_o permanent_a liquor_n again_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o silver_n be_v to_o be_v cast_v in_o mould_v and_o to_o receive_v the_o curious_a and_o fine_a impression_n of_o hair-line_n the_o metal_n be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v pour_v in_o very_o hot_a but_o to_o be_v keep_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o fusion_n before_o it_o be_v thin_a enough_o to_o run_v into_o those_o line_n and_o to_o take_v exact_a impression_n of_o they_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o body_n already_o fluid_a may_v become_v more_o fluid_a and_o the_o like_a instance_n may_v be_v bring_v from_o other_o body_n as_o turpentine_n oil_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o what_o helinont_a assert_n of_o the_o liquor_n alkahest_n be_v true_a viz._n that_o it_o will_v turn_v all_o substance_n whether_o mineral_n metal_n plant_n or_o animal_n into_o a_o fluid_a substance_n of_o a_o equal_a weight_n with_o each_o other_o than_o it_o follow_v that_o to_o divide_v a_o body_n into_o part_n small_a enough_o be_v enough_o to_o make_v it_o fluid_a and_o to_o this_o i_o must_v add_v that_o considerable_a change_n may_v be_v effect_v mere_o by_o a_o long_a digestion_n in_o vessel_n well_o stop_v and_o place_v in_o a_o convenient_a heat_n 2._o the_o second_o requisite_a to_o constitute_v a_o fluid_a body_n be_v that_o it_o shall_v have_v considerable_a vacuity_n or_o pore_n betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o it_o fluidity_n porousness_n in_o body_n requisite_a to_o their_o fluidity_n for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o such_o space_n the_o part_n be_v put_v into_o motion_n will_v not_o have_v space_n to_o continue_v it_o in_o nor_o can_v one_o particle_n by_o the_o impulse_n of_o another_o be_v force_v to_o give_v way_n but_o before_o i_o proceed_v it_o will_v be_v requisite_a here_o to_o note_n that_o by_o space_n i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v to_o mean_a vacuity_n proper_o so_o call_v but_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o substance_n betwixt_o they_o which_o will_v obstruct_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o more_o solid_a part_n this_o caution_n be_v premise_v i_o shall_v to_o illustrate_v this_o second_o requisite_a observe_v that_o snow_n which_o be_v of_o a_o open_a and_o slight_a texture_n before_o it_o be_v compress_v may_v soon_o be_v squeeze_v into_o so_o close_a and_o compact_a a_o lump_n as_o to_o resist_v a_o very_a strong_a pressure_n the_o air_n which_o before_o be_v interpose_v betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v press_v out_o again_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o when_o water_n be_v close_v up_o in_o a_o bladder_n and_o want_v its_o liberty_n to_o move_v in_o a_o yield_n and_o free_a medium_fw-la the_o part_n thus_o confine_v together_o resist_v impression_n like_o a_o solid_a body_n and_o this_o experiment_n i_o the_o rather_o make_v use_n of_o than_o a_o bladder_n distend_v with_o air_n because_o the_o distension_n of_o that_o may_v partly_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air._n fluidity_n how_o such_o vacuity_n contribute_v of_o fluidity_n but_o it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v
follow_a instance_n will_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o part_n of_o a_o liquid_a be_v put_v into_o motion_n may_v have_v such_o effect_n though_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o a_o tremulous_a motion_n may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o earth_n so_o violent_a as_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o a_o great_a distance_n the_o instance_n be_v that_o the_o water_n have_v be_v put_v into_o so_o violent_a a_o motion_n by_o a_o engine_n contrive_v to_o sink_v ship_n that_o it_o shake_v several_a ship_n which_o be_v at_o a_o considerable_a distance_n so_o strong_o that_o those_o who_o be_v on_o the_o deck_n can_v scarce_o stand_v and_o in_o the_o late_a great_a sea-fight_n between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o dutch_a though_o they_o engage_v at_o several_a league_n distance_n from_o the_o hague_n yet_o the_o english_a ambassador_n who_o be_v then_o resident_n there_o assure_v i_o that_o the_o gun_n be_v not_o only_o hear_v thither_o but_o that_o his_o chamber_n window_n be_v considerable_o shake_v and_o some_o body_n be_v so_o apt_a to_o receive_v impression_n from_o the_o undulate_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o be_v sensible_o though_o not_o visible_o affect_v of_o which_o simon_n pauli_n in_o his_o ingenious_a tract_n de_fw-fr febribus_fw-la malignis_fw-la p._n 71._o give_v a_o instance_n in_o these_o word_n atqui_fw-la aeger_fw-la ille_fw-la gallus_n brachio_n truncatus_fw-la octiduum_fw-la quidem_fw-la superfuit_fw-la sed_fw-la horrendis_fw-la totius_fw-la corporis_fw-la convulsionibus_fw-la correptus_fw-la qui_fw-la quoque_fw-la ut_fw-la &_o illa_fw-la addam_fw-la observatione_fw-la dignissima_fw-la dum_o in_o domini_fw-la svi_fw-la aedibus_fw-la ad_fw-la plateam_fw-la kiodmoggerianum_n romanè_fw-la laniorum_fw-la appellares_fw-la decumberet_fw-la ac_fw-la i_o ac_fw-la aliis_fw-la aliquandiu_fw-la ad_fw-la lectum_n illius_fw-la considentibus_fw-la quidem_fw-la sed_fw-la nobis_fw-la non_fw-la attendentibus_fw-la explodentur_fw-la tormenta_fw-mi bellica_fw-la ex_fw-la regiis_fw-la ac_fw-la praetoriis_fw-la navibus_fw-la sinistra_fw-la truncum_fw-la dextrâ_fw-la brachii_fw-la fovens_fw-la ac_fw-la complectens_fw-la toties_fw-la quoties_fw-la exploderentur_fw-la singula_fw-la exclamabat_fw-la au_fw-fr au_o i_o miserum_fw-la jesus_n maria_n count_v undor_n penitus_fw-la adeo_fw-la permolesta_fw-la &_o intolerabilis_fw-la illi_fw-la erat_fw-la tormentorum_fw-la explosio_fw-la &_o quidem_fw-la ex_fw-la loco_fw-la satis_fw-la longinquo_fw-la terrâ_fw-la non_fw-la firma_fw-la aut_fw-la contiguâ_fw-la verùm_fw-la super_fw-la salo_fw-la aut_fw-la mari_fw-fr balthico_fw-la instituta_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o fluid_a body_n may_v operate_v considerable_o upon_o a_o solid_a though_o the_o motion_n which_o cause_v such_o effect_n be_v not_o perceive_v and_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o forego_n relation_n i_o be_o further_a assure_v by_o the_o like_a effect_n produce_v in_o the_o shatter_v bone_n of_o wound_a man_n at_o sea_n who_o have_v have_v sensible_a pain_n upon_o the_o discharge_v of_o the_o enemy_n cannon_n but_o lest_o in_o the_o aforementioned_a instance_n it_o shall_v be_v allege_v that_o these_o sound_n be_v rather_o propagate_v by_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o body_n which_o receive_v the_o first_o impression_n lean_v upon_o than_o convey_v through_o the_o air_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o the_o sound_v of_o thunder_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o such_o objection_n since_o it_o can_v only_o be_v propagate_v through_o the_o air_n yet_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v in_o so_o powerful_a a_o agitation_n that_o they_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o shake_v not_o only_o house_n but_o several_a ship_n at_o sea_n but_o these_o effect_n will_v not_o be_v think_v strange_a if_o we_o reflect_v on_o what_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o celerity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o minute_n part_v of_o a_o body_n especial_o if_o we_o likewise_o consider_v that_o sound_v be_v propagate_v with_o great_a celerity_n than_o any_o thing_n we_o know_v beside_o in_o our_o sphere_n for_o though_o as_o marsennus_n take_v notice_n a_o bullet_n move_v 240_o yard_n in_o the_o six_o part_n of_o a_o minute_n yet_o i_o have_v observe_v sound_v to_o move_v 400_o yard_n in_o the_o same_o space_n of_o time_n but_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o sound_n may_v be_v convey_v through_o the_o air_n the_o concussion_n of_o house_n or_o ship_n at_o sea_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o impetuous_a motion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la violent_o shake_v by_o a_o intense_a agitation_n where_o those_o sound_n be_v original_o form_v yet_o i_o conceive_v the_o effect_n which_o those_o sound_n have_v on_o body_n which_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o this_o globe_n depend_v in_o some_o measure_n on_o the_o disposition_n of_o those_o body_n to_o be_v work_v upon_o by_o such_o but_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o instance_n allege_v in_o proof_n of_o this_o proposition_n i_o shall_v add_v a_o observation_n make_v by_o the_o experience_a platerus_n which_o show_v that_o a_o solid_a body_n may_v have_v such_o a_o disposition_n as_o to_o be_v capable_a of_o receive_v impression_n from_o the_o languid_a motion_n of_o air_n for_o lib._n observe_v 1._o p._n 185._o he_o say_v faemina_fw-la quaedam_fw-la in_o subitaneum_fw-la incidit_fw-la morbum_fw-la viribus_fw-la subito_fw-la prostratis_fw-la se_fw-la suffocari_fw-la indesinenter_fw-la clamitans_fw-la etsi_fw-la nec_fw-la stertoris_n nec_fw-la tussis_fw-la aliqua_fw-la essent_fw-la indicia_fw-la maxim_n verò_fw-la de_fw-fr aura_fw-fr quadam_fw-la adveniente_fw-la si_fw-la vel_fw-la leviter_fw-la aliquis_fw-la adstantium_fw-la se_fw-la moveret_fw-la quae_fw-la illam_fw-la opprimeret_fw-la conquerebatur_fw-la seque_fw-la suffocari_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la propius_fw-la accederet_fw-la clamitabat_fw-la vix_fw-la dum_fw-la biduum_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la anxietate_fw-la perseverans_fw-la expiravit_fw-la to_o which_o he_o add_v vidi_n &_o alios_fw-la aegros_fw-la de_fw-la simili_fw-la aura_fw-fr quae_fw-la eos_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la illis_fw-la appropinquaret_fw-la in_fw-la suffocationis_fw-la periculum_fw-la induceret_fw-la conquerentes_fw-la quod_fw-la semper_fw-la pessimum_fw-la est_fw-la signum_fw-la deprehendi_fw-la iii_o iii_o prop._n iii_o though_o the_o number_n of_o insensible_a part_n of_o matter_n put_v into_o motion_n enable_v they_o to_o perform_v several_a thing_n yet_o they_o be_v usual_o slight_v because_o invisible_a the_o effect_n of_o some_o subtle_a part_n of_o matter_n be_v usual_o esteem_v very_o inconsiderable_a by_o those_o who_o imagine_v that_o these_o more_o subtle_a effluvia_fw-la of_o body_n only_a act_n upon_o the_o exteral_a superficies_n of_o other_o but_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o those_o effluvia_fw-la be_v not_o only_o very_o numerous_a but_o of_o convenient_a figure_n and_o size_n to_o penetrate_v into_o the_o inmost_a recess_n of_o body_n they_o work_v upon_o we_o may_v attribute_v more_o powerful_a effect_n to_o they_o than_o man_n usual_o be_v wont_v to_o do_v for_o as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o effluvia_fw-la be_v more_o or_o less_o strong_a and_o numerous_a they_o may_v either_o disjoin_v or_o otherwise_o alter_v the_o texture_n of_o those_o body_n as_o in_o a_o anthill_n who_o soil_n be_v full_a of_o egg_n by_o the_o number_n and_o motion_n of_o those_o little_a infect_v the_o egg_n which_o be_v up_o and_o down_o intersperse_v betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v present_o be_v separate_v and_o displace_v or_o as_o the_o leave_n and_o bough_n of_o a_o tree_n be_v various_o bend_v and_o break_v off_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o invisible_a part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o pass_v through_o it_o but_o to_o come_v to_o instance_n which_o may_v more_o illustrate_v what_o we_o be_v about_o that_o the_o subtle_a part_n of_o matter_n who_o effect_n be_v less_o take_v notice_n of_o be_v enable_v by_o their_o size_n and_o figure_n to_o disjoin_v the_o part_n of_o body_n they_o work_v upon_o we_o have_v a_o evident_a instance_n in_o sugar_n and_o amber_n throw_v together_o into_o water_n for_o the_o water_n present_o divide_v the_o part_n of_o the_o sugar_n and_o total_o dissolve_v they_o whereas_o the_o amber_n continue_v unaltred_a to_o which_o instance_n may_v be_v add_v one_o of_o no_o less_o force_n afford_v by_o chemistry_n for_o if_o you_o pour_v limpid_a water_n upon_o that_o consistent_a substance_n which_o remain_v after_o a_o abstraction_n of_o five_o part_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n from_o one_o of_o mercury_n and_o shake_v the_o mixture_n the_o calx_fw-la will_n present_o exchange_v it_o be_v white_a for_o a_o limon-colour_n the_o texture_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n be_v present_o alter_v and_o how_o powerful_a the_o minute_n part_v of_o some_o body_n be_v we_o may_v further_o observe_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n for_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o metal_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o flame_n of_o it_o these_o subtle_a particle_n present_o penetrate_v the_o substance_n of_o that_o solid_a body_n and_o so_o exagitate_v the_o part_n of_o it_o as_o to_o put_v they_o into_o a_o motion_n strong_a enough_o to_o cause_v a_o sensible_a heat_n and_o we_o have_v not_o a_o less_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o the_o force_n of_o unheeded_a
the_o temperature_n of_o the_o low_a region_n these_o thing_n in_o short_a be_v premise_v concern_v the_o upper_a region_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o low_a which_o be_v cold_a the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v in_o a_o less_o violent_a agitation_n than_o our_o sensory_a and_o that_o the_o low_a region_n be_v sensible_o cold_a be_v not_o only_a consonant_n to_o reason_n but_o also_o confirm_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o those_o who_o have_v dive_v a_o considerable_a depth_n not_o only_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n in_o africa_n and_o america_n but_o it_o be_v also_o further_o evince_v by_o what_o be_v common_o practise_v at_o sea_n viz._n to_o let_v down_o bottle_n of_o wine_n into_o the_o sea_n all_o night_n which_o by_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o water_n will_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n and_o i_o be_o also_o inform_v by_o a_o observe_v traveller_n that_o have_v let_v down_o about_o 400_o fathom_n of_o line_n with_o about_o 30_o pound_n of_o lead_n at_o it_o thirty_o five_o degree_n north_n latitude_n beyond_o the_o line_n the_o lead_n when_o draw_v up_o be_v as_o cold_a as_o ice_n from_o which_o instance_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n and_o water_n so_o far_o agree_v that_o the_o part_n of_o they_o be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o external_n cause_n they_o acquire_v each_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o warmth_n but_o be_v remove_v and_o separate_v from_o those_o cause_n put_v on_o a_o contrary_a quality_n so_o that_o the_o air_n and_o water_n seem_v chief_o in_o this_o respect_n to_o differ_v viz._n in_o their_o invert_v order_n but_o further_o from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o though_o the_o submarine_n region_n be_v sensible_o cold_a the_o near_a the_o bottom_n yet_o their_o cold_a region_n do_v not_o by_o any_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a phaenomena_n appear_v to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la for_o though_o i_o have_v several_a time_n freeze_a salt-water_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v the_o least_o ice_n generate_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n since_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o great_a ocean_n 35_o degree_n south_n latitude_n grey_a sand_n have_v be_v bring_v up_o where_o the_o water_n be_v no_o less_o than_o two_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o fathom_v deep_a but_o yet_o there_o be_v one_o caution_n to_o be_v add_v which_o make_v this_o observation_n the_o less_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o which_o be_v that_o one_o reason_n why_o no_o ice_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v the_o unaptitude_n of_o salt-water_n more_o than_o of_o fresh_a to_o be_v congeal_v it_o require_v a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o cold_a to_o freeze_v salt-water_n than_o fresh_a chap._n v._o relation_n about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n unequal_a the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n very_o rough_a and_o unequal_a that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v usual_o salt_n and_o cold_a be_v a_o very_a common_a observation_n but_o be_v desirous_a to_o be_v more_o nice_o inform_v about_o what_o occur_v in_o that_o region_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o several_a who_o have_v in_o long_a voyage_n fathom_v in_o several_a place_n that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v rough_a with_o considerable_a inequality_n and_o precipice_n so_o that_o in_o a_o small_a space_n a_o little_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v increase_v to_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n and_o decrease_v as_o sudden_o there_o be_v likewise_o find_v several_a other_o inequality_n and_o hill_n observe_v in_o place_n about_o 30_o or_o 20_o fathom_n deep_a where_o a_o line_n of_o 16_o fathom_n will_v upon_o the_o next_o cast_v require_v 35_o or_o 40_o to_o reach_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o like_a observation_n i_o have_v receive_v from_o several_a experience_a mariner_n among_o which_o i_o transcribe_v the_o follow_a account_n from_o some_o note_n leave_v in_o england_n by_o one_o who_o have_v make_v a_o voyage_n to_o the_o east-indies_n the_o account_n be_v this_o february_n 12._o after_o our_o observation_n see_v the_o ground_n under_o we_o we_o heave_v the_o lead_n and_o have_v but_o 19_o fathom_n rocky_a ground_n then_o hale_v by_o n.n._n e._n the_o wind_n at_o n.w._n and_o find_v our_o water_n to_o shoal_n from_o 19_o to_o 10_o and_o 8_o fathom_n hard_a coral_n ground_n then_o sudden_o deepn_v again_o from_o 8_o to_o 20_o and_o 22_o fathom_v sandy_n ground_n and_o then_o sudden_o see_v rock_n under_o we_o where_o we_o have_v but_o 7_o fathom_n and_o the_o next_o cast_v 14_o fathom_v again_o and_o so_o have_v run_v n._n n._n e._n from_o 6_o in_o the_o morning_n till_o 12_o at_o noon_n about_o 19_o mileswe_n deepn_v our_o water_n from_o 16_o to_o 25_o and_o the_o next_o cast_v no_o ground_n with_o 35_o fathom_n of_o line_n water_n the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o beside_o the_o inequality_n to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v several_a other_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v among_o which_o the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o water_n be_v remarkable_a and_o though_o it_o be_v dispute_v among_o philosopher_n whether_o there_o be_v such_o gravitation_n or_o not_o yet_o that_o there_o be_v appear_v from_o several_a experiment_n and_o first_o if_o a_o glass-cylind_a with_o one_o end_n open_a be_v immerge_v in_o a_o glass-vessel_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o cylinder_n be_v press_v low_a the_o air_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v squeeze_v high_a and_o high_o the_o water_n rise_v gradual_o below_o it_o in_o the_o cylinder_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v by_o several_a person_n who_o have_v dive_v in_o a_o diving-bell_n not_o only_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n but_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o as_o the_o bell_n go_v deep_a and_o deep_o the_o air_n become_v more_o compress_v and_o the_o water_n according_o rise_v high_o and_o high_o in_o the_o bell._n and_o sometime_o the_o pressure_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v so_o powerful_a that_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o one_o who_o let_v down_o a_o glass-vial_n into_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o straight_n mouth_n that_o have_v let_v it_o sink_v about_o 40_o fathom_n it_o be_v burst_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o outward_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o have_v let_v down_o a_o aeolipile_n of_o metal_n and_o sink_v it_o about_o 60_o fathom_n he_o observe_v when_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o that_o the_o side_n be_v in_o several_a place_n bruise_v and_o compress_v by_o the_o violent_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n storm_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o disturb_v in_o storm_n another_o thing_n observable_a in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v that_o though_o the_o violence_n of_o storm_n may_v disturb_v it_o where_o it_o be_v shallow_a yet_o where_o it_o be_v considerable_o deep_a the_o near_a the_o bottom_n the_o more_o calm_a and_o undisturbed_a it_o be_v and_o this_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o divers_a who_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o though_o the_o wave_n be_v six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a yet_o at_o fifteen_o fathom_v deep_a the_o water_n be_v very_o little_o disturb_v only_o the_o mud_n be_v raise_v which_o make_v the_o water_n dark_a and_o what_o be_v very_o remarkable_a be_v that_o the_o person_n that_o dive_v inform_v i_o that_o have_v stay_v a_o considerable_a depth_n for_o some_o time_n he_o find_v when_o he_o come_v up_o again_o a_o tempestuous_a storm_n which_o have_v rise_v when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o water_n without_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o he_o below_o and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v near_o the_o shore_n of_o manar_n in_o the_o east-indies_n where_o they_o dive_v for_o coral_n in_o a_o sea_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n and_o the_o cape_n of_o comori_fw-la which_o be_v usual_o very_o much_o disturb_v inasmuch_o as_o it_o lie_v near_o the_o indian_a ocean_n and_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n former_o call_v sinus_n gangeticus_n and_o it_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o considerable_a storm_n the_o sea_n have_v not_o be_v disturb_v over_o the_o depth_n of_o 4_o fathom_n stagnate_v the_o water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n almost_o stagnate_v and_o to_o these_o observation_n i_o may_v add_v have_v i_o sufficient_a evidence_n to_o build_v upon_o that_o have_v inquire_v whether_o upon_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o tide_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n be_v continue_v to_o the_o bottom_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o some_o that_o it_o do_v almost_o stagnate_n and_o by_o other_o that_o the_o current_n of_o the_o water_n above_o be_v different_a from_o the_o tendency_n of_o that_o below_o but_o not_o to_o rely_v upon_o these_o relation_n
quality_n and_o stupendous_a multitude_n of_o adventitious_a corpuscle_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o it_o stink_a agitation_n requisite_a to_o preserve_v sea_n water_n from_o stink_a but_o to_o proceed_v among_o the_o various_a observation_n to_o be_v make_v about_o sea-water_n it_o be_v worth_a our_o notice_n that_o if_o it_o be_v keep_v from_o agitation_n it_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n stink_n which_o i_o have_v not_o only_o observe_v by_o keep_v some_o of_o it_o in_o a_o runlet_n for_o some_o time_n but_o also_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o one_o who_o in_o a_o voyage_n be_v for_o some_o day_n becalm_v that_o the_o sea_n for_o want_v of_o agitation_n stink_v so_o much_o in_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o day_n that_o the_o smell_n be_v almost_o intolerable_a which_o continue_v till_o the_o wind_n put_v the_o water_n into_o agitation_n which_o agree_v with_o what_o sir_n john_n hawkins_n have_v observe_v who_o relate_v the_o follow_a story_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o move_a of_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o force_n of_o wind_n tide_n and_o current_n it_o will_v corrupt_v all_o the_o world_n the_o experience_n of_o which_o i_o see_v anno_fw-la 1590._o lie_v with_o a_o fleet_n about_o the_o island_n of_o azore_n almost_o six_o month_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o time_n we_o be_v becalm_v with_o which_o all_o the_o sea_n become_v so_o replenish_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o jelly_n and_o form_n of_o serpent_n adder_n and_o snake_n as_o seem_v wonderful_a some_o green_a some_o black_a some_o yellow_a some_o white_a some_o of_o divers_a colour_n and_o many_o of_o they_o have_v life_n and_o some_o there_o be_v a_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a and_o some_o two_o yard_n long_o which_o have_v i_o not_o see_v i_o can_v hardly_o have_v believe_v and_o hereof_o be_v witness_n all_o the_o company_n of_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v then_o present_a so_o that_o hardly_o a_o man_n can_v draw_v a_o bucket_n of_o water_n clear_a of_o some_o corruption_n in_o which_o voyage_n towards_o the_o end_n thereof_o many_o of_o every_o ship_n fall_v sick_a of_o this_o disease_n and_o die_v apace_o but_o that_o the_o speedy_a passage_n into_o our_o own_o country_n be_v a_o remedy_n to_o the_o craze_v and_o a_o preservative_n for_o those_o that_o be_v not_o touch_v differ_v the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n differ_v as_o for_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o shall_v deliver_v what_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v of_o as_o brief_o as_o i_o can_v and_o first_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o one_o to_o who_o i_o give_v a_o glass_n convenient_o shape_v to_o try_v the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o it_o grow_v heavy_a and_o heavy_a as_o he_o come_v near_o the_o line_n till_o within_o about_o thirty_o degree_n latitude_n from_o whence_o to_o jamaica_n he_o observe_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o specific_a gravity_n in_o the_o least_o and_o in_o confirmation_n of_o this_o i_o be_o likewise_o inform_v by_o one_o who_o for_o his_o own_o satisfaction_n weigh_v the_o water_n both_o under_o the_o aequinoctial_a and_o at_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n and_o find_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o both_o be_v the_o same_o to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o it_o be_v common_o observe_v at_o mosambique_n one_o of_o the_o hot_a place_n in_o the_o world_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v so_o salt_n there_o that_o it_o bear_v up_o the_o ship_n a_o considerable_a height_n out_o of_o the_o water_n more_o than_o in_o other_o place_n and_o that_o the_o water_n may_v be_v much_o salt_a in_o one_o place_n than_o another_o by_o have_v more_o salt_n dissolve_v in_o it_o do_v not_o only_o appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v but_o also_o from_o what_o be_v frequent_o observe_v in_o the_o different_a strength_n of_o brine-pit_n but_o to_o pass_v from_o what_o i_o have_v learn_v by_o information_n to_o what_o i_o have_v observe_v myself_o concern_v the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n to_o the_o water_n it_o be_v dissolve_v in_o which_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o sea-water_n betwixt_o england_n and_o france_n sea-water_n the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n in_o sea-water_n the_o first_o experiment_n i_o make_v to_o discover_v the_o quantity_n of_o salt_n be_v this_o that_o have_v in_o a_o viol_n weigh_v a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o sea-water_n take_v up_o at_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o common_a water_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o former_a exceed_v the_o latter_a of_o forty_o five_o part_n but_o these_o liquor_n be_v more_o hydrostatical_o try_v by_o weigh_v sulphur_n in_o they_o that_o which_o in_o the_o sea-water_n weigh_v ℥_o ss_z +_o 10_o ½_n gr_n in_o sea-water_n fetch_v from_o the_o bottom_n balance_v the_o same_o weight_n but_o be_v weigh_v in_o common_a water_n it_o weigh_v ℥_o ss_z +_o 15_o ½_n gr_n so_o that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v a_o fifty_o three_o part_n heavy_a than_o the_o fresh_a the_o difference_n in_o which_o way_n of_o try_v it_o from_o what_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o former_a trial_n i_o can_v attribute_v to_o nothing_o but_o some_o grosser_n saline_n part_v mix_v with_o the_o common_a water_n or_o some_o evaporate_v part_n of_o the_o sea-water_n another_o way_n we_o make_v use_v of_o to_o try_v the_o different_a specific_a gravity_n of_o these_o liquor_n be_v by_o distillation_n ad_fw-la siccitatem_fw-la in_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n in_o which_o a_o pound_n averdupoise_n weight_n yield_v ℥_o ss_z 10_o gr_n of_o salt_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o salt_n to_o the_o water_n be_v as_o 30_o and_o 12_o 100_o to_o one_o be_v near_o the_o thirty_o part._n but_o suspect_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o this_o salt_n be_v much_o increase_v by_o imbibe_v moisture_n from_o the_o air_n i_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v dry_v in_o a_o crucible_n and_o find_v it_o weigh_v ʒiij_fw-la +_o ss_z which_o be_v about_o a_o thirty_o six_o part._n how_o so_o much_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n shall_v be_v obtain_v by_o distillation_n be_v difficult_a to_o conjecture_v yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o it_o may_v proceed_v from_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n detain_v from_o fly_v away_o by_o be_v enclose_v among_o the_o cubical_a salt_n and_o this_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v first_o because_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o prepare_v a_o salt_n which_o will_v coagulate_v and_o embody_n itself_o with_o water_n and_o second_o because_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o sort_n of_o salt_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v here_o purify_v and_o dissolve_v will_v yield_v a_o double_a quantity_n other_o the_o sea-water_n salt_a sometime_o than_o at_o other_o whether_o the_o sea-water_n may_v at_o some_o time_n be_v more_o impregnate_v with_o saline_n part_n than_o at_o other_o i_o conceive_v probable_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o supply_n that_o it_o receive_v both_o from_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v carry_v to_o it_o along_o with_o spring_n and_o also_o the_o sudden_a addition_n it_o may_v receive_v from_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n but_o these_o observation_n be_v very_o nice_a it_o most_o common_o require_v other_o measure_n than_o what_o hydrostatic_o afford_v for_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o several_a volatile_a salt_n which_o be_v of_o no_o considerable_a weight_n above_o common_a water_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o it_o without_o be_v perceive_v so_o that_o one_o may_v easy_o be_v deceive_v in_o judge_v of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n altogether_o by_o hydrostaticks_n because_o that_o which_o violent_o affect_v the_o taste_n may_v have_v but_o a_o small_a influence_n in_o the_o balance_n to_o confirm_v which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o bubble_n of_o glass_n have_v metal_n in_o it_o weigh_v ʒiij_fw-la ✚_o 51_o ¼_n gr_n in_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o but_o ʒiij_fw-la ✚_o 45_o ¾_n in_o common_a water_n but_o further_a i_o weigh_v in_o the_o same_o liquor_n a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o sea-salt_n bring_v from_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o find_v that_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o former_a be_v to_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o that_o liquor_n as_o two_o and_o a_o quarter_n to_o one_o whereas_o the_o shall_v ammoniac_a be_v not_o above_o a_o hundred_o part_n above_o one_o and_o 7_o 10_o to_o one_o which_o be_v the_o more_o strange_a because_o part_n of_o the_o composition_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v sea-salt_n but_o that_o i_o may_v be_v satisfy_v what_o be_v the_o great_a degree_n of_o saltness_n that_o water_n will_v be_v impregnate_v with_o i_o shake_v a_o lump_n of_o salt_n in_o water_n till_o it_o will_v dissolve_v no_o more_o and_o find_v that_o a_o brine_n may_v be_v make_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o salt_n will_v be_v dissolve_v in_o five_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n to_o conclude_v this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v add_v one_o
black_a but_o also_o one_o saturate_v with_o copper_n a_o succedaneum_n to_o which_o may_v be_v make_v by_o add_v to_o sulphur_n as_o it_o melt_v over_o the_o fire_n and_o equal_a proportion_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n fine_o powder_v stir_v they_o till_o they_o incorporate_v and_o become_v red_a which_o mixture_n be_v put_v into_o a_o glass_n retort_n with_o half_a its_o weight_n of_o salarmoniack_a dissolve_v in_o water_n let_v it_o be_v distil_v in_o sand_n shift_v the_o receiver_n as_o the_o liquor_n draw_v off_o be_v tinge_v more_o or_o less_o so_o that_o the_o strong_a may_v be_v preserve_v by_o itself_o and_o such_o trial_n as_o these_o will_v be_v of_o more_o use_n than_o those_o usual_o make_v with_o a_o bare_a tincture_n of_o gall_n since_o there_o be_v several_a mineral_n substance_n and_o other_o body_n which_o mineral_n water_n may_v be_v impregnate_v with_o which_o discover_v not_o themselves_o in_o a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n as_o sulphur_n or_o copper_n may_v be_v so_o lock_v up_o in_o these_o water_n as_o not_o to_o be_v perceive_v till_o the_o body_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v open_v by_o some_o proper_a additament_n and_o even_o arsenic_n itself_o may_v be_v so_o disguise_v as_o not_o to_o be_v perceive_v when_o mix_v with_o the_o water_n yet_o if_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la be_v drop_v into_o a_o solution_n of_o it_o it_o present_o precipitate_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a powder_n and_o so_o likewise_o if_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n be_v add_v to_o it_o they_o whether_o mineral_n water_n have_v arsenic_n dissolve_v in_o they_o but_o to_o discover_v whether_o mineral_n water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o arsenic_n or_o not_o i_o put_v dantzick_n or_o english_a vitriol_n into_o a_o solution_n of_o it_o either_o of_o which_o cause_v a_o dark_a precipitate_v gradual_o to_o subside_o 14._o whether_o spirituous_a acid_n volatile_a alkalys_n or_o lixivial_a salt_n will_v precipitate_v such_o water_n 15._o the_o manner_n of_o extract_a salt_n from_o such_o water_n and_o what_o quantity_n may_v be_v extract_v guess_n may_v be_v make_v concern_v the_o saltness_n of_o these_o water_n by_o try_v whether_o they_o will_v lather_n with_o soap_n and_o if_o not_o what_o quantity_n of_o curdle_a matter_n they_o will_v yield_v i_o have_v observe_v that_o even_o the_o light_a water_n will_v yield_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o common_a salt_n 16._o how_o to_o discover_v what_o acidity_n be_v to_o be_v find_v without_o evaporation_n have_v take_v a_o peculiar_a method_n to_o try_v the_o acidity_n of_o mineral_n water_n by_o mix_v they_o with_o a_o infusion_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la in_o simple_a water_n i_o find_v that_o though_o german_a spa_n yield_v a_o small_a quantity_n yet_o in_o that_o of_o action_n there_o be_v none_o discernible_a 17._o what_o may_v be_v observe_v by_o distillation_n in_o balnco_n 18._o what_o and_o whether_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o caput_n mortuum_n be_v afford_v by_o evaporation_n and_o distillation_n 19_o whether_o mineral_n water_n will_v acquire_v the_o same_o quality_n and_o texture_n by_o a_o reunion_n of_o their_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n when_o distil_v to_o such_o a_o consistence_n in_o glass-vessel_n exact_o lute_v which_o they_o have_v before_o 20._o what_o change_n if_o any_o mineral_n water_n undergo_v by_o be_v boil_v in_o water_n in_o a_o glass_n hermetical_o seal_v from_o whence_o may_v be_v learn_v whether_o a_o change_n of_o quality_n will_v succeed_v a_o alteration_n of_o texture_n without_o a_o manifest_a loss_n of_o part_n and_o whether_o a_o agitation_n of_o part_n without_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o air_n will_v precipitate_v any_o thing_n or_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o power_n to_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n purple_a 21._o how_o much_o the_o mineral_n water_n exceed_v their_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n in_o proportien_n 22._o what_o part_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n and_o whether_o dissoluble_a in_o water_n 23._o how_o much_o the_o saline_n and_o terrestrial_a part_n differ_v in_o proportion_n 24._o whether_o in_o strong_a fire_n the_o salt_n be_v volatile_a or_o fix_a and_o to_o what_o degree_n 25._o whether_o the_o salt_n will_v crystallize_v per_fw-la se_fw-la or_o with_o other_o salt_n and_o what_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o genuine_a or_o compound_v crystal_n 26._o whether_o acid_n or_o alkaline_n quality_n be_v most_o predominant_a the_o acidity_n will_v either_o appear_v to_o the_o taste_n or_o smell_v or_o may_v be_v discover_v by_o turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n red_a as_o also_o by_o make_v use_n of_o a_o infusion_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la which_o upon_o a_o mixture_n of_o acid_n lose_v its_o blue_a colour_n their_o acidity_n may_v likewise_o be_v discover_v by_o try_v whether_o they_o will_v be_v precipitate_v by_o alkalys_n or_o ferment_n with_o they_o and_o if_o alkaly_n be_v predominant_a it_o on_o the_o contrary_n discover_v itself_o by_o a_o lixivial_a taste_n and_o smell_v and_o may_v be_v discover_v by_o turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n green_a or_o precipitate_v a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n or_o ferment_v with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la or_o last_o by_o increase_v the_o colour_n of_o a_o tincture_n of_o brasil_n or_o log-wood_n in_o common-water_n and_o though_o we_o have_v no_o such_o spring_n here_o in_o england_n as_o afford_v alkaline_a salt_n yet_o without_o question_n in_o egypt_n such_o may_v be_v find_v since_o their_o latron_n or_o the_o egyptian_a nitre_n abound_v with_o a_o salt_n of_o a_o alkaline_a nature_n and_o i_o have_v obtain_v such_o a_o alkaly_n from_o that_o famous_a water_n of_o bourbon_n in_o france_n which_o will_v turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n green_a and_o ferment_n with_o volatile_a acid_n if_o such_o water_n abound_v with_o vitriol_n they_o will_v turn_v a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n black_a and_o vomit_v those_o that_o drink_v they_o and_o if_o a_o alkaly_n be_v add_v will_v yield_v a_o yellow_a precipitate_v upon_o drop_v of_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o salt_n of_o tartar_n into_o they_o i_o have_v not_o find_v any_o of_o the_o water_n about_o london_n to_o be_v impregnate_v with_o vitriol_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o france_n the_o mineral_n water_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v impregnate_v with_o vitriol_n that_o there_o be_v a_o vitriolate_a spring_n in_o that_o kingdom_n as_o for_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o salt_n which_o most_o mineral_n water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o i_o think_v that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o any_o glass_n but_o be_v either_o svi_fw-la generis_fw-la and_o a_o peculiar_a one_o or_o a_o compound_v salt_n make_v up_o of_o such_o as_o the_o water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o in_o its_o passage_n through_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o purgative_n salt_n may_v by_o a_o change_n of_o texture_n be_v make_v of_o salt_n not_o at_o all_o purgative_n i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o ingenious_a empiric_n that_o a_o salt_n which_o i_o make_v of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o common_a sulphur_n mix_v together_o have_v a_o gentle_a purge_v virtue_n 27._o in_o what_o menstruum_n the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n may_v be_v dissolve_v and_o in_o what_o it_o may_v not_o whether_o volatile_a or_o fix_v and_o what_o quality_n it_o have_v in_o respect_n of_o colour_n or_o smell_n afford_v what_o proportion_n of_o salt_n mineral_n water_n afford_v it_o be_v to_o be_v admire_v what_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o caput_n mortuum_n some_o mineral_n water_n yield_v in_o comparison_n of_o other_o since_o those_o water_n which_o be_v pure_o diuretic_n have_v very_o little_a if_o compare_v with_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n of_o purge_v water_n for_o though_o a_o pound_n of_o barnet_n water_n yield_v a_o drachm_n yet_o the_o same_o weight_n of_o tunbridge_n afford_v but_o a_o grain_n and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o so_o small_a a_o quantity_n of_o a_o mineral_n shall_v impregnate_n so_o much_o water_n as_o i_o have_v by_o trial_n find_v a_o grain_n of_o iron_n stone_n do_v enable_v it_o to_o tincture_n a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n deep_a than_o tunbridge_n or_o german_a spa_n water_n will_v and_o i_o have_v try_v that_o half_o a_o grain_n of_o marchasite_n dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n communicate_v a_o tincture_n to_o 61440_o part_n of_o water_n though_o part_n of_o that_o marchasite_n be_v sulphur_n and_o part_n of_o it_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v seasonable_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o if_o so_o small_a a_o portion_n of_o a_o metalline_a substance_n will_v when_o gross_o dissolve_v impregnate_n so_o large_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n how_o much_o more_o may_v it_o when_o raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o subtle_a mineral_n fume_v and_o as_o in_o such_o a_o form_n it_o may_v impregnate_n a_o large_a quantity_n of_o water_n so_o will_v it_o be_v
and_o gassendus_fw-la teach_v concern_v the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o syphon_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v perform_v by_o suction_n but_o not_o now_o to_o mention_v what_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v deliver_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a i_o shall_v only_o add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n have_v take_v a_o glass_n vessel_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v about_o a_o pound_n of_o water_n i_o cause_v a_o glass_n pipe_n to_o be_v fix_v in_o the_o neck_n of_o it_o so_o that_o the_o air_n within_o be_v keep_v from_o have_v any_o intercourse_n with_o that_o without_o the_o low_a end_n reach_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n the_o pipe_n be_v thus_o fix_v we_o convey_v water_n into_o the_o bottle_n till_o it_o rise_v something_o above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o then_o have_v incline_v the_o bottle_n to_o give_v a_o due_a intercourse_n betwixt_o the_o internal_a and_o external_n air_n i_o suck_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o tube_n till_o the_o water_n rise_v into_o my_o mouth_n and_o till_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v able_a no_o long_o to_o lift_v up_o the_o water_n which_o will_v not_o have_v do_v be_v be_v the_o common_a notion_n of_o suction_n allow_v viz._n that_o it_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n thrust_v away_o by_o the_o dilate_a chest_n of_o he_o that_o suck_v and_o thereby_o draw_v the_o water_n into_o the_o pipe_n at_o which_o he_o suck_v but_o beside_o the_o precede_a use_n make_v of_o this_o experiment_n i_o pour_v out_o the_o water_n till_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v but_o just_a immerse_v in_o it_o and_o upon_o suction_n it_o rise_v almost_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n but_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v too_o much_o weaken_a to_o raise_v it_o high_o several_a bubble_n of_o air_n break_v through_o the_o water_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o i_o leave_v off_o suck_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n so_o compress_v the_o rarify_v air_n within_o as_o to_o bring_v it_o to_o its_o wont_a station_n several_a particle_n break_v into_o the_o bottle_n through_o the_o water_n till_o that_o internal_a air_n be_v equal_o press_v with_o the_o external_n chap._n xxviii_o what_o mr._n hobbs_n teach_v concern_v fluidity_n and_o firmness_n examine_v fluidity_n motion_n the_o chief_a qualification_n in_o order_n to_o fluidity_n the_o first_o particular_a examine_v in_o this_o chapter_n be_v a_o mistake_n of_o mr._n hobbs_n concern_v the_o author_n opinion_n of_o fluidity_n the_o objector_n make_v the_o author_n notion_n of_o fluidity_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o size_n of_o the_o part_n of_o liquid_a body_n whereas_o our_o author_n assign_v motion_n as_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a qualification_n since_o a_o coagulum_fw-la of_o pure_a spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o wine_n may_v by_o bare_a digestion_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o permanent_a liquor_n and_o quicksilver_n though_o fluid_a may_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o permanent_a powder_n by_o stop_v the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n and_o though_o mr._n hobbs_n further_o assert_n that_o fluid_a body_n consist_v of_o part_n divisible_a into_o fluid_n as_o quantity_n into_o quantity_n yet_o since_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o fluidity_n depend_v on_o the_o shape_n size_n texture_n and_o motion_n and_o firmness_n on_o a_o rest_n among_o the_o part_n of_o solid_n and_o likewise_o that_o fluids_n be_v not_o divisible_a into_o fluid_a part_n as_o quantity_n into_o quantity_n it_o be_v needless_a to_o repeat_v what_o be_v there_o deliver_v as_o for_o the_o explication_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n which_o mr._n hobbs_n substitute_n it_o teach_v that_o the_o part_n of_o fluids_n may_v move_v whilst_o the_o whole_a be_v in_o motion_n and_o that_o solid_n may_v have_v their_o part_n in_o motion_n though_o the_o whole_a lie_n still_o as_o also_o he_o say_v that_o the_o part_n of_o a_o fluid_a may_v be_v render_v less_o fluid_a by_o be_v compress_v but_o since_o he_o have_v assert_v these_o thing_n and_o not_o prove_v they_o and_o since_o the_o hypothesis_n he_o go_v upon_o be_v sufficient_o invalidate_v before_o the_o author_n think_v these_o require_v no_o particular_a answer_n and_o though_o he_o further_o make_v a_o objection_n against_o the_o size_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n contribute_v to_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n yet_o since_o our_o author_n make_v motion_n or_o rest_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_a requisite_n what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o history_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n may_v suffice_v for_o a_o answer_n for_o that_o there_o be_v motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o fluids_n appear_v if_o a_o lump_n of_o salt_n be_v put_v into_o water_n the_o part_n of_o which_o will_v be_v present_o dissolve_v and_o carry_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o can_v not_o be_v without_o motion_n and_o that_o rest_v contribute_v to_o solidity_n be_v evident_a since_o water_n freeze_v become_v ice_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o as_o well_o as_o metal_n by_o have_v their_o part_n put_v into_o a_o violent_a motion_n by_o heat_n become_v fluid_n chap._n xxix_o a_o explanation_n of_o the_o engine_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o follow_a experiment_n four_o see_v plate_n the_o three_o and_o four_o the_o structure_n of_o our_o engine_n be_v such_o as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o a_o alphabetical_a explanation_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o intelligible_a to_o those_o that_o be_v unacquainted_a with_o mechanical_a structure_n and_o it_o be_v easy_o enough_o understand_v by_o those_o especial_o that_o be_v acquaint_v by_o our_o first_o engine_n we_o think_v it_o sufficient_a in_o our_o plate_n to_o represent_v the_o engine_n just_o ready_a to_o be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o in_o the_o four_o the_o part_n which_o it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o only_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n which_o may_v deserve_v to_o be_v explain_v first_o the_o sucker_n be_v always_o cover_v with_o water_n and_o the_o perforation_n p_o q_o which_o go_v through_o it_o in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n and_o together_o with_o the_o stick_n r_o s_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o valve_n be_v to_o be_v stop_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n n_z o_z when_o fill_v with_o water_n it_o be_v necessary_a the_o stick_n rp_a shall_v be_v of_o a_o considerable_a length_n second_o the_o pipe_n a_o b_o lie_n in_o a_o gutter_n make_v purposely_o in_o the_o board_n c_o d_o e_o f_o which_o board_n be_v lay_v over_o with_o cement_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n lay_v upon_o that_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o warp_a in_o which_o iron-plate_n be_v fix_v a_o lip_n which_o rise_v up_o about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n b_o which_o be_v bend_v up_o to_o prevent_v the_o water_n which_o come_v from_o the_o receiver_n from_o be_v spill_v and_o notwithstanding_o the_o stop-cock_n g_z h_z i_o k_o may_v be_v insert_v into_o the_o cylinder_n l_o m_o n_o o_o at_o ay_o with_o soder_n yet_o it_o be_v much_o more_o convenient_a to_o have_v the_o branch_n ay_o make_v like_o a_o screw_n so_o that_o be_v screw_v into_o the_o barrel_n it_o may_v more_o easy_o be_v mend_v when_o any_o thing_n be_v amiss_o whether_o it_o be_v that_o the_o air_n get_v in_o betwixt_o the_o plate_n and_o the_o wood_n or_o the_o cement_n be_v draw_v into_o the_o pipe_n where_o the_o invert_v end_n be_v unite_v to_o the_o receiver_n and_o lest_o the_o inward_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n shall_v be_v stop_v with_o any_o thing_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n draw_v to_o it_o there_o be_v fix_v at_o some_o distance_n from_o it_o a_o tin_n plate_n so_o contrive_v as_o to_o give_v free_a passage_n to_o the_o air._n the_o wooden_a part_n represent_v in_o the_o plate_n and_o which_o contain_v the_o cylinder_n be_v always_o so_o full_a of_o water_n as_o able_a to_o overtop_v the_o cylinder_n and_o to_o make_v the_o sucker_n soft_a and_o plump_a by_o which_o mean_v it_o be_v more_o exact_o fit_v to_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n and_o as_o for_o the_o iron_n plate_n abovementioned_a it_o have_v this_o conveniency_n that_o it_o exclude_v the_o air_n better_a than_o if_o the_o receiver_n have_v a_o stop-cock_n in_o most_o experiment_n though_o in_o some_o it_o be_v less_o servirceable_a but_o most_o of_o the_o follow_a experiment_n may_v be_v try_v in_o our_o first_o engine_n if_o the_o follow_a alteration_n be_v make_v and_o first_o if_o a_o square_a board_n and_o a_o suitable_a iron_n plate_n such_o as_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o this_o engine_n be_v fasten_v opposite_a to_o the_o iron_n rack_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o great_a cylinder_n and_o a_o glass_n tube_n like_o that_o just_a now_o describe_v be_v fix_v to_o the_o low_a branch_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n with_o a_o cement_n make_v with_o near_a a_o
part_n of_o sugar_n a_o four_o have_v 5_o part_n of_o water_n and_o one_o of_o sugar_n include_v with_o a_o apple_n cut_v in_o piece_n decemb._n 21._o in_o the_o first_o the_o sugar_n be_v not_o melt_v the_o mercury_n ascend_v a_o little_a in_o the_o second_o the_o sugar_n be_v melt_v and_o the_o apple_n shrivel_a they_o yield_v much_o air_n when_o first_o include_v in_o the_o receiver_n in_o the_o other_o two_o the_o mercury_n ascend_v a_o little_a in_o the_o three_o the_o piece_n of_o apple_n be_v corrupt_v very_o much_o for_o the_o skin_n be_v take_v off_o decemb._n 22._o air_n be_v produce_v in_o all_o the_o receiver_n but_o most_o in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o decemb._n 27._o in_o the_o 3_o first_o the_o mercury_n be_v 10_o digit_n high_a in_o the_o four_o 6._o decemb._n 31._o in_o the_o one_a and_o second_o it_o be_v 13._o in_o the_o 3d._n 15._o in_o the_o four_o 9_o jan_n 2._o 79._o in_o the_o one_a and_o second_o almost_o 14._o in_o the_o 3d._n 17._o in_o the_o four_o 11._o jan._n 7._o in_o the_o 2d_o it_o be_v 16._o in_o the_o 3d._n 36._o in_o the_o four_o 15._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o first_o rise_v no_o high_o but_o the_o air_n make_v its_o escape_n when_o the_o screw_n be_v ease_v jan._n 9_o in_o the_o first_o it_o be_v 6_o inch_n high_a in_o the_o 2d_o 16._o in_o the_o 3d._n 39_o in_o the_o four_o 15._o jan._n 17._o in_o the_o one_a 13._o in_o the_o 2d_o 19_o in_o the_o 3d._n 56._o in_o the_o four_o 17._o jan._n 30._o in_o the_o 3d._n 76._o digit_n the_o liquor_n break_v out_o and_o therefore_o i_o open_v the_o receiver_n the_o fruit_n have_v communicate_v its_o taste_n which_o be_v pleasant_a to_o the_o water_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o 2d_o be_v raise_v no_o high_o i_o open_v it_o and_o find_v that_o the_o first_o be_v better_a taste_v than_o the_o former_a and_o have_v communicate_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n it_o be_v taste_n to_o the_o ambient_fw-la sugar_n it_o be_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o good_a syrup_n feb._n 16._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o first_o receiver_n be_v 22._o in_o the_o four_o 33._o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v i_o find_v that_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o first_o be_v whole_o impart_v to_o the_o water_n have_v make_v it_o very_o pleasant_a feb._n 27._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o first_o receiver_n be_v 30_o digit_n high_a march_n 15._o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v i_o find_v that_o though_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o apple_n be_v good_a yet_o the_o pulp_n be_v spongy_a and_o have_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n lose_v its_o taste_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o sugar_n do_v not_o preserve_v fruit_n so_o well_o as_o ferment_v liquor_n see_v exp._n vii_o experiment_n xviii_o decemb._n 23._o a_o glass_n vessel_n be_v full_a of_o milk_n receiver_n milk_n include_v in_o a_o receiver_n and_o stop_v with_o a_o screw_n be_v convey_v into_o one_o receiver_n and_o milk_n with_o a_o lark_n in_o it_o into_o another_o decemb._n 24._o in_o the_o evening_n the_o caseous_a and_o butyrous_a part_n be_v separate_v both_o in_o the_o milk_n in_o the_o receiver_n and_o in_o some_o of_o the_o same_o expose_v to_o the_o air._n decemb._n 27._o no_o air_n generate_v where_o the_o lark_n be_v the_o other_o gage_n be_v spoil_v decemb._n 31._o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v in_o that_o which_o hold_v the_o lark_n 3_o day_n since_o milk_n that_o have_v all_o the_o while_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n stink_v jan._n 1._o 79._o the_o mercury_n be_v 10_o inch_n high_a where_o the_o lark_n be_v contain_v jan._n 2._o it_o be_v 14_o ½_n the_o milk_n below_o the_o butyrous_a part_n seem_v red_a jan._n 4._o it_o rise_v to_o 19_o digit_n white_a serum_n grow_v together_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o milk_n jan._n 9_o the_o mercury_n be_v 29_o digit_n high_a jan._n 25._o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o lark_n smell_v strong_a but_o when_o bolled_a taste_v pleasant_a though_o it_o have_v be_v keep_v 32_o day_n in_o the_o other_o receiver_n the_o butyrous_a part_n be_v sour_a but_o the_o caseous_a part_n taste_v subacid_a from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o milk_n may_v preserve_v flesh_n experiment_n xix_o decemb._n 24._o 78._o a_o lark_n be_v put_v into_o a_o small_a receiver_n butter_n a_o lark_n with_o melt_v butter_n and_o the_o remain_v space_n fill_v up_o with_o melt_v butter_n decemb._n 27._o the_o mercury_n sink_v the_o butter_n grow_v yellow_a below_o white_a in_o the_o middle_a and_o fluid_n above_o jan._n 5._o 79._o the_o mercury_n gradual_o rise_v 9_o it_o be_v a_o little_a high_o 28._o it_o be_v alter_v but_o little_a the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o butter_n contiguous_a to_o the_o leather_n which_o line_v the_o cover_n be_v of_o a_o ungrateful_a taste_n and_o white_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o butter_n be_v yellow_a and_o rancid_a the_o lark_n be_v roast_v be_v pleasant_a to_o the_o palate_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o butter_n when_o melt_v and_o hot_a do_v not_o preserve_v flesh_n so_o well_o as_o otherwise_o experiment_n xx._n jan._n 4._o 79._o a_o receiver_n be_v fill_v with_o boil_v flesh_n and_o broth_n whilst_o the_o screw_n be_v set_a broth._n boil_a flesh_n and_o broth._n they_o be_v so_o compress_v as_o to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 6_o digit_n but_o it_o soon_o subside_v again_o jan._n 28._o the_o mercury_n have_v subside_v 8_o digit_n below_o its_o usual_a height_n the_o receiver_n be_v open_v we_o find_v the_o flesh_n sweet_a and_o pleasant_a the_o broth_n subacid_n and_o well_o taste_v this_o experiment_n teach_v that_o beef_n be_v keep_v in_o receiver_n as_o long_o as_o experience_n show_v that_o it_o may_v and_o then_o take_v out_o and_o boil_v and_o include_v again_o in_o receiver_n may_v be_v carry_v to_o sea_n without_o salt_v it_o which_o may_v be_v of_o no_o small_a use_n in_o help_v to_o preserve_v beef_n fresh_a in_o long_a voyage_n see_n exp._n xii_o experiment_n xxi_o jan._n 30._o 79._o cloves_n raw_a flesh_n with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n raw_a flesh_n be_v include_v with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n in_o one_o receiver_n and_o in_o another_o by_o itself_o feb._n 11._o in_o the_o first_o the_o mercury_n be_v 3_o digit_n high_a in_o the_o second_o almost_o 1_o ½_n feb._n 12._o in_o the_o first_o 4_o ½_n in_o the_o second_o 1_o ½_n feb._n 13._o in_o the_o first_o 6_o ✚_o in_o the_o second_o 3._o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o first_o be_v boil_v be_v tender_a and_o pleasant_a feb._n 14._o in_o the_o second_o 5_o 19_o in_o the_o second_o 6_o 20_o in_o the_o second_o 11._o the_o flesh_n be_v boil_v be_v tender_a and_o good_a though_o it_o be_v keep_v in_o b._n mariae_fw-la but_o 5_o hour_n some_o of_o it_o before_o it_o be_v boil_v be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n free_a from_o air._n feb._n 28._o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v small_a march_n 20._o the_o mercury_n be_v 16_o digit_n high_a the_o flesh_n be_v take_v out_o taste_v pleasant_a but_o be_v incline_v to_o corruption_n experiment_n xxii_o feb._n 10._o raw_a beef_n season_v with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n be_v put_v into_o one_o receiver_n in_o another_o it_o be_v enclose_v with_o salt_n in_o a_o three_o alone_a feb._n 19_o in_o the_o one_a and_o 3d._n the_o mercury_n ascend_v in_o the_o 2d_o it_o do_v not_o feb._n 21._o in_o the_o one_a it_o be_v 4_o ½_n in_o the_o 3d._n 10_o in_o the_o 2d_o 0._o 25_o in_o the_o one_a it_o be_v 6_o in_o the_o 3d._n 19_o in_o the_o second_o ½_n 26._o no_o ascent_n the_o three_o be_v open_v and_o the_o flesh_n boil_v it_o taste_v well_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n spice_n seem_v to_o hinder_v but_o here_o they_o promote_v the_o generation_n of_o the_o air_n so_o that_o i_o be_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o the_o difference_n in_o these_o two_o experiment_n depend_v on_o this_o viz._n that_o in_o the_o former_a the_o ingredient_n be_v shut_v up_o so_o close_a that_o there_o be_v no_o room_n for_o air_n to_o be_v generate_v in_o march_n 9_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o one_a be_v 8_o digit_n in_o the_o 2d_o none_o 12._o in_o the_o one_a it_o be_v 12_o in_o the_o 2d_o 1._o april_n 3_o in_o the_o one_a it_o be_v 11_o in_o the_o 2d_o 1._o april_n 3_o in_o the_o one_a it_o be_v 11_o in_o the_o 2d_o 1._o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v and_o the_o flesh_n boil_v it_o be_v sweet_a and_o tender_a from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v infer_v that_o salt_n hinder_v the_o generation_n of_o air._n less_o air_n be_v generate_v in_o the_o second_o receiver_n because_o it_o be_v more_o exact_o fill_v to_o preserve_v flesh_n without_o salt_n the_o air_n must_v be_v keep_v out_o and_o likewise_o there_o must_v be_v a_o great_a compression_n in_o the_o receiver_n of_o what_o use_n these_o
experiment_n may_v be_v for_o to_o help_v mariner_n to_o transport_v fresh_a meat_n and_o fruit_n the_o reader_n may_v judge_v article_n xviii_o experiment_n concern_v elixation_n and_o distillation_n in_o vacuo_fw-la experiment_n i._n dec._n 12._o 78._o vacuo_fw-la beef_n boil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o reciver_n large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 22_o ounce_n of_o water_n have_v 2_o ounce_n and_o 6_o drachm_n of_o beef_n in_o it_o be_v immerse_v 3_o hour_n in_o boil_a water_n and_o then_o lest_o to_o cool_v all_o night_n i_o find_v by_o the_o help_n of_o our_o pneumatick_a engine_n that_o the_o air_n form_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o able_a to_o hold_v up_o 3_o digit_n of_o mercury_n so_o that_o by_o deduct_v from_o the_o calculation_n one_o may_v learn_v that_o flesh_n whilst_o boil_v can_v generate_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o air_n to_o cause_v a_o entire_a pressure_n in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v a_o double_a weight_n of_o water_n that_o be_v a_o pound_n of_o flesh_n shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n capable_a of_o contain_v 2_o ounce_n of_o water_n will_v not_o yield_v air_n enough_o to_o sever_v the_o receiver_n from_o the_o cover_n without_o the_o help_n of_o heat_n experiment_n ii_o dec._n 23._o three_o ounce_n of_o beef_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 32_o ounce_n of_o water_n when_o it_o have_v boil_v long_o separate_v the_o receiver_n from_o the_o cover_n so_o that_o vapour_n get_v out_o the_o receiver_n be_v close_o again_o it_o be_v a_o good_a while_n before_o the_o cover_n and_o it_o be_v sever_v a_o second_o time_n if_o the_o fire_n be_v strong_a enough_o sweet_a exhalation_n continual_o make_v their_o way_n out_o dec._n 24._o the_o receiver_n be_v cool_a be_v almost_o whole_o evacuate_v by_o the_o pneumatick_a engine_n so_o that_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o receiver_n and_o its_o cover_n be_v not_o separate_v by_o air_n which_o be_v able_a to_o continue_v in_o that_o form_n but_o by_o violent_a exhalation_n which_o when_o resist_v fall_v back_o and_o condense_a in_o the_o receiver_n so_o that_o if_o the_o fire_n be_v not_o too_o violent_a the_o avolition_n of_o those_o steam_n may_v easy_o be_v prevent_v experiment_n iii_o jan._n 21._o 79._o vacuo_fw-la paste_n without_o leaven_n in_o vacuo_fw-la pass_v without_o leaven_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o in_o another_o receiver_n with_o common_a air_n and_o both_o of_o these_o shut_v up_o with_o a_o screw_n in_o balneo_fw-la mariae_fw-la i_o leave_v they_o there_o 3_o hour_n and_o then_o after_o they_o have_v be_v expose_v to_o a_o moderate_a fire_n i_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v open_v the_o paste_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v red_a on_o its_o superficies_n the_o other_o be_v not_o boil_v enough_o therefore_o both_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o b._n m._n all_o night_n jan._n 22._o the_o paste_n be_v take_v out_o be_v sufficient_o boil_v but_o have_v no_o crust_n that_o in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v full_a of_o cavity_n and_o insipid_a the_o other_o be_v well_o taste_v and_o of_o a_o close_a body_n both_o receiver_n be_v void_a of_o air._n experiment_n iu._n feb._n 3._o 79._o when_o leaven_v paste_n have_v fill_v a_o receiver_n full_a of_o air_n it_o be_v remove_v into_o another_o upon_o which_o it_o stink_v yet_o when_o it_o be_v in_o a_o hot_a balneo_fw-la m._n 3_o hour_n bread_n be_v make_v of_o it_o full_a of_o hole_n but_o without_o a_o crust_n feb._n 5._o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v without_o remove_v the_o paste_n from_o one_o receiver_n to_o another_o and_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n the_o bread_n make_v of_o it_o be_v much_o light_a than_o the_o former_a experiment_n v._n feb._n 12._o vacuo_fw-la rosemary_n and_o water_n distil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la rosemary_n and_o water_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o instrument_n contrive_v to_o distil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la that_o be_v place_v in_o balneo_fw-la mariae_fw-la it_o yield_v a_o water_n which_o have_v a_o sweet_a smell_n as_o also_o some_o drop_n of_o essential_a oil_n well_o scent_v and_o clear_a from_o any_o empyreuma_n but_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v open_v to_o let_v in_o air_n the_o noise_n which_o the_o air_n rush_v in_o cause_v be_v soon_o over_o so_o that_o i_o judge_v the_o rosemary_n have_v afford_v a_o good_a deal_n of_o air._n feb._n 13._o the_o same_o rosemary_n be_v again_o expose_v to_o a_o more_o violent_a fire_n it_o only_o yield_v a_o water_n less_o odoriferous_a than_o the_o former_a experiment_n vi._n feb._n 10._o 79._o vacuo_fw-la flesh_n boil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o pound_n of_o flesh_n be_v boil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o 4_o pound_n of_o water_n and_o in_o 3_o hour_n the_o mercury_n in_o a_o gage_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o be_v not_o raise_v above_o 3_o inch_n it_o taste_v ill_a as_o also_o the_o liquor_n which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o condense_v vapour_n it_o be_v not_o boil_v enough_o feb._n 11._o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v the_o flesh_n be_v first_o sprinkle_v with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n the_o mercury_n ascend_v 6_o inch_n in_o the_o same_o time_n that_o before_o it_o be_v raise_v 3_o it_o taste_v well_o and_o the_o liquor_n form_v of_o the_o vapour_n taste_v strong_a of_o pepper_n these_o vessel_n seem_v proper_a to_o distil_v body_n that_o be_v very_o thin_a and_o volatile_a in_o article_n xix_o concern_v elixation_n in_o vessel_n stop_v with_o screw_n by_o who_o help_n hartshorn_n and_o the_o bone_n of_o fish_n and_o fourfooted_a creature_n may_v be_v soften_v experiment_n i._n jan._n 29._o m._n beef_n boil_v in_o b._n m._n beef_n boil_v in_o balneo_fw-la mariae_fw-la eight_o or_o nine_o hour_n in_o a_o vessel_n stop_v with_o a_o screw_n have_v a_o very_a unpleasant_a taste_n after_o i_o boil_a beef_n season_v with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n 3_o hour_n and_o it_o taste_v very_o pleasant_a beef_n that_o be_v not_o so_o season_v be_v boil_v 3_o hour_n taste_v well_o so_o that_o i_o conjecture_v that_o the_o first_o flesh_n be_v spoil_v with_o over-boiling_a when_o the_o flesh_n be_v not_o season_v vapour_n gather_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o condense_v taste_v unpleasant_a experiment_n ii_o jan._n 29._o apple_n boil_v 2_o hour_n be_v soft_a and_o well_o taste_v but_o some_o piece_n impregnate_v with_o the_o condense_v vapour_n which_o be_v of_o a_o ungrateful_a smell_n have_v acquire_v a_o less_o acceptable_a taste_n experiment_n iii_o feb._n 4._o receiver_n season_n flesh_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n flesh_n close_o compress_v and_o season_v with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n stop_v with_o a_o screw_n that_o be_v keep_v hot_a in_o balneo_fw-la a_o hour_n in_o which_o time_n the_o flesh_n be_v alittle_o over_o boil_a when_o the_o balneum_fw-la be_v open_v all_o the_o water_n break_v out_o feb._n 5._o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n shut_v up_o with_o a_o screw_n march_n 12._o the_o flesh_n be_v very_o good_a elixation_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o perfect_a contribute_v the_o more_o to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o fermentation_n see_v art_n xviii_o exp._n xii_o xx._n experiment_n iu._n feb._n 10._o vacuo_fw-la cow-heel_n boil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o cow-heel_n be_v boil_v four_o hour_n over_o a_o moderate_a fire_n be_v so_o soft_a that_o the_o bone_n may_v be_v eat_v like_o cheese_n feb._n 12._o a_o cow-heel_n be_v boil_v 12_o hour_n taste_v empyreumatical_a and_o the_o juice_n will_v not_o coagulate_v so_o that_o hard_a bone_n and_o tendon_n in_o balneo_fw-la mariae_fw-la may_v become_v good_a nourishment_n experiment_n v._n feb._n 10._o a_o fish_n boil_v in_o b._n m._n 2_o hour_n taste_v well_o and_o the_o bone_n be_v very_o soft_a the_o juice_n harden_v present_o into_o a_o jelly_n of_o a_o firm_a consistence_n this_o be_v a_o good_a way_n to_o boil_v fish_n that_o be_v full_a of_o bones_o experiment_n vi._n feb._n 5._o vacuo_fw-la hearts-horn_n boil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la hartshorn_n boil_v 4_o hour_n be_v very_o soft_a like_o cheese_n and_o the_o juice_n present_o harden_v into_o a_o jelly_n feb._n 17._o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v the_o hartshorn_n be_v boil_v 6_o hour_n and_o grow_v very_o soft_a the_o juice_n get_v out_o of_o it_o harden_v into_o a_o jelly_n and_o stick_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o these_o experiment_n may_v be_v of_o great_a use_n to_o mariner_n since_o by_o they_o they_o may_v learn_v how_o to_o boil_v their_o meat_n with_o out_o consume_v fresh_a water_n which_o may_v be_v keep_v for_o other_o more_o cogent_a occasion_n chap._n iu._n new_a experiment_n about_o the_o preservation_n of_o body_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la several_a substance_n include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o piece_n of_o roast_a rabbit_n be_v preserve_v in_o vacuo_fw-la above_o
but_o in_o themselves_o as_o a_o red_a purplish_a or_o blackish_a as_o the_o quantity_n of_o it_o vary_v yet_o it_o be_v use_v to_o free_a glass_n from_o that_o bluish_a green_a colour_n that_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o and_o this_o may_v serve_v to_o confirm_v what_o we_o deliver_v in_o the_o xliv_o experiment_n viz._n that_o as_o the_o part_n of_o a_o pigment_n be_v more_o close_o or_o set_v at_o distance_n the_o colour_n will_v vary_v and_o here_o it_o may_v not_o be_v altogether_o fruitless_a to_o advertise_v that_o it_o may_v be_v a_o good_a way_n of_o try_v oar_n and_o what_o metal_n they_o most_o abound_v with_o to_o try_v what_o colour_n they_o give_v glass_n when_o mix_v in_o a_o due_a proportion_n and_o keep_v in_o fusion_n in_o a_o equal_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o length_n of_o time_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o other_o instance_n agreeable_a to_o those_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o yellow_a orpiment_n and_o sea-salt_n sublimed_a together_o constitute_v white_a arsenic_n and_o though_o orpiment_n be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o composition_n yet_o arsenic_n give_v copper_n a_o white_a colour_n within_o and_o without_o in_o counterfeit_v factitious_a gem_n by_o vitrification_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o calcine_v lead_n colliquate_v with_o white_a sand_n or_o crystal_n powder_v by_o successive_a ignition_n and_o extinction_n yield_v a_o decoction_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o german_a amethyst_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o calcine_v lead_v itself_o something_o like_o the_o colour_n of_o such_o a_o amethyst_n and_o with_o glass_n of_o lead_n overpower_v with_o other_o pigment_n you_o may_v emulate_v the_o greenness_n of_o emerald_n though_o in_o several_a case_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o lead_n may_v vitiate_v that_o of_o the_o pigment_n and_o these_o colour_n so_o much_o depend_v upon_o texture_n that_o before_o the_o aforementioned_a mixture_n acquire_v a_o amethistine_a colour_n it_o pass_v through_o several_a intermediate_v colour_n and_o the_o colour_n of_o such_o substance_n may_v be_v so_o much_o vary_v by_o degree_n of_o fire_n that_o i_o have_v have_v a_o mass_n of_o the_o size_n of_o a_o small_a nut_n of_o four_o distinct_a colour_n annotation_n but_o beside_o the_o aformentioned_a way_n by_o which_o metal_n may_v acquire_v adventitious_a colour_n there_o be_v yet_o two_o unmentioned_a for_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o strike_v that_o colour_n term_v a_o bow-dye_a without_o the_o material_n be_v boil_v in_o vessel_n either_o make_v of_o or_o line_v with_o a_o particular_a metal_n the_o other_o way_n of_o die_a body_n be_v with_o the_o solution_n of_o metal_n in_o their_o proper_a menstruum_n so_o gold_n dissolve_v in_o aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la will_v die_v the_o nail_n and_o skin_n and_o haft_n of_o knife_n make_v of_o ivory_n not_o with_o a_o golden_a colour_n but_o a_o purple_a scarce_o ever_o to_o be_v wash_v out_o and_o i_o have_v already_o tell_v you_o that_o a_o solution_n of_o silver_n will_v die_v the_o nail_n black_n so_o brine_n colour_n beef_n green_n or_o red_a and_o a_o certain_a proportion_n of_o salt-petre_n and_o common_a salt_n colour_n neat_n tongue_n red_a and_o such_o flesh_n as_o will_v be_v otherwise_o white_a and_o to_o these_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o solution_n of_o sulphur_n of_o vitriol_n or_o common_a sulphur_n will_v colour_n silver_n with_o a_o golden_a or_o red_a colour_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o bath_n water_n cause_n that_o effect_v and_o the_o juice_n of_o alcanna_n which_o be_v green_n die_v the_o skin_n and_o nail_n of_o a_o last_a red._n experiment_n xlix_o boil_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o powder_a turmerick_n with_o water_n add_v to_o every_o pound_n of_o water_n two_o spoonsful_a of_o a_o filter_v solution_n of_o pot-ash_n in_o a_o clean_o glaze_v vessel_n till_o by_o immerse_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n you_o find_v the_o turmerick_n to_o have_v give_v its_o tincture_n then_o drop_v into_o the_o filter_v tincture_n a_o solution_n of_o roach_n allom_n the_o tinged_a part_n be_v curdle_v will_v swim_v up_o and_o down_o in_o flake_n and_o the_o liquor_n will_v pass_v through_o a_o filtre_n clear_a leave_v the_o yellow_a part_n behind_o it_o which_o may_v be_v dulcify_v by_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n but_o this_o vegetable_a lake_n may_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o decant_v liquor_n without_o filtration_n by_o pour_v on_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n for_o than_o it_o will_v either_o swim_v on_o the_o top_n or_o subside_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o may_v be_v make_v fit_a for_o use_v by_o be_v dulcify_v with_o fresh_a water_n after_o it_o have_v be_v gather_v by_o filtration_n and_o then_o it_o must_v be_v dry_v upon_o a_o cloth_n under_o which_o brick_n chalk_v or_o paper_n be_v place_v to_o imbibe_n the_o moisture_n annotation_n though_o it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o this_o magistracy_n of_o vegetable_n be_v only_o make_v up_o of_o the_o colour_a part_n of_o the_o plant_n yet_o to_o favour_v the_o contrary_n i_o shall_v represent_v that_o allom_n contain_v a_o stony_a matter_n as_o well_o as_o a_o acid_n spirit_n and_o though_o workman_n in_o the_o make_n of_o it_o use_v a_o sea_n weed_n call_v kelp_n and_o urine_n yet_o natural_a allom_n have_v be_v find_v in_o england_n a_o solution_n of_o which_o by_o a_o affusion_n of_o lixivium_n of_o pot-ash_n will_v depose_v a_o white_a curd_n which_o be_v filter_v will_v leave_v behind_o it_o a_o metalline_a stony_a calx_fw-la very_o white_a little_a bit_n of_o which_o be_v place_v upon_o a_o live_a coal_n will_v neither_o melt_v nor_o fly_v away_o nor_o will_v they_o wash_v away_o in_o hot_a water_n so_o that_o they_o be_v unlikely_a to_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o vegetable_a lake_n by_o ablution_n and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o from_o the_o filter_v liquor_n i_o have_v obtain_v saline_a part_n which_o will_v flame_n at_o a_o candle_n and_o fly_v away_o with_o some_o noise_n and_o i_o have_v obtain_v such_o a_o substance_n from_o allom_n by_o precipitate_v it_o with_o urinous_a salt_n and_o even_a urine_n itself_o so_o that_o sometime_o we_o may_v think_v that_o we_o obtain_v a_o precipitate_v from_o a_o liquor_n when_o it_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n yield_v by_o the_o solution_n of_o allom_n make_v use_v of_o to_o precipitate_v it_o the_o abovementioned_a way_n of_o make_v lake_n be_v try_v with_o mad_a it_o yield_v a_o red_a one_o and_o with_o rue_n it_o afford_v one_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o leave_n but_o since_o the_o colour_n be_v extract_v from_o the_o vegetable_a by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o lixivium_n it_o be_v a_o question_n whether_o the_o lake_n will_v always_o be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o herb_n since_o lixiviate_v salt_n may_v not_o only_o extract_v but_o alter_v the_o tincture_n of_o vegetable_n and_o though_o acid_v sometime_o do_v yet_o we_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o they_o will_v not_o always_o restore_v colour_n destroy_v by_o alkaly_n since_o syrup_n of_o violet_n turn_v green_a by_o a_o alkaly_n will_v not_o be_v restore_v to_o a_o blue_n by_o a_o acid_n but_o be_v change_v to_o a_o red._n and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o when_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v not_o alter_v by_o the_o alkaly_n it_o will_v be_v much_o faint_a than_o the_o vegetable_a it_o be_v draw_v from_o but_o to_o conclude_v this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o allom_n be_v not_o only_o of_o use_n in_o such_o like_a experiment_n as_o these_o but_o also_o in_o the_o dyer_n trade_n experiment_n l._n have_v a_o mind_n not_o only_o to_o change_v the_o colour_n of_o one_o body_n into_o another_o but_o also_o to_o obtain_v two_o substance_n of_o distinct_a colour_n from_o one_o body_n in_o order_n to_o it_o i_o consider_v that_o since_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n whole_o lose_v its_o acidity_n by_o work_v upon_o minium_n the_o solution_n will_v alter_v the_o juice_n of_o plant_n as_o oil_n of_o tartar_n usual_o do_v and_o accord_o i_o find_v that_o it_o turn_v a_o infusion_n of_o red_a rose_n leave_v green_n and_o further_o consider_v that_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n will_v precipitate_v solution_n of_o mineral_n especial_o in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o that_o the_o calcesare_n usual_o fair_a and_o white_a consider_v these_o thing_n i_o drop_v a_o solution_n of_o minium_n into_o a_o infusion_n of_o rose_n by_o which_o it_o be_v turn_v green_a but_o drop_v on_o that_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n it_o will_v precipitate_v the_o lead_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a powder_n and_o leave_v in_o the_o liquor_n a_o clear_a and_o high_a tincture_n of_o rose_n which_o appear_v when_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o glass_n shape_v like_o a_o invert_v cone_n and_o this_o experiment_n likewise_o succeed_v when_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v make_v use_n
sublimate_n make_v with_o common_a sublimate_n and_o salarmoniack_a nay_o and_o with_o both_o loaf_n and_o kitchin-sugar_n as_o likewise_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o pot-ash_n mix_v with_o snow_n do_v freeze_v though_o very_o faint_o and_o both_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o pot-ash_n agitate_a with_o snow_n in_o a_o small_a vial_n produce_v film_n of_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n though_o very_o thin_a one_o 9_o a_o sweet_a solution_n of_o minium_n in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n mix_v with_o snow_n excite_v the_o frigorifick_a quality_n of_o it_o yet_o some_o of_o that_o solution_n be_v enclose_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v not_o be_v freeze_v by_o they_o snow_n shut_v up_o alone_o thaw_v much_o more_o slow_o than_o that_o which_o be_v mix_v with_o salt_n or_o spirit_n no_o salt_n will_v promote_v the_o frigorifick_a quality_n of_o snow_n so_o far_o as_o to_o enable_v it_o to_o freeze_v which_o quicken_v not_o its_o dissolution_n neither_o crystal_n of_o tartar_n nor_o borax_n both_o beat_v to_o powder_n nor_o sublimate_n will_v enable_v snow_n to_o freeze_v as_o well_o as_o the_o powder_n of_o each_o lie_v undissolved_a in_o it_o 10._o water_n of_o quicklime_n be_v twice_o try_v will_v not_o freeze_v but_o only_o gather_v a_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n yet_o the_o liquor_n be_v keep_v up_o 12_o month_n the_o spirit_n with_o which_o those_o water_n abound_v fly_v away_o 11._o oil_n of_o turpentine_n in_o which_o ice_n dissolve_v slow_a than_o in_o several_a other_o liquor_n enable_v not_o snow_n to_o freeze_v though_o spirit_n of_o wine_n shut_v up_o with_o snow_n in_o a_o bottle_n enable_v it_o to_o freeze_v powerful_o and_o to_o chrystalize_v even_o urine_n itself_o which_o may_v be_v take_v off_o in_o scale_n 12._o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o snow_n be_v mix_v together_o in_o a_o just_a proportion_n freeze_v very_o powerful_o and_o speedy_o not_o only_a water_n but_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o weak_a spirit_n of_o salt_n the_o first_o of_o which_o retain_v its_o taste_n when_o freeze_v and_o the_o latter_a shot_n into_o crystal_n which_o lay_v across_o each_o other_o a_o solution_n of_o salarmoniack_a partly_o evaporate_v will_v shoot_v into_o crystal_n like_o comb_n and_o feather_n and_o salarmoniack_a distil_v from_o quicklime_n will_v shoot_v into_o branch_n almost_o like_o those_o so_o nimble_o that_o one_o eye_n may_v discern_v they_o to_o spread_v and_o increase_v the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o wine_n and_o strong_a ale_n succeed_v but_o very_o faint_o 13._o since_o body_n general_o help_v snow_n to_o freeze_v which_o hasten_v its_o dissolution_n we_o throw_v into_o a_o vial_n which_o contain_v snow_n heat_a sand_n which_o enable_v it_o to_o cause_v a_o dew_n but_o not_o to_o freeze_v and_o warm_a water_n pour_v into_o another_o when_o it_o have_v be_v shake_v produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o gather_v dew_n but_o freeze_v it_o not_o 14._o though_o it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o the_o hoar-froast_a on_o glass-window_n be_v only_a exsudation_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o freeze_v by_o the_o external_n cold_a yet_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v rather_o on_o the_o inside_n the_o glass_n the_o steam_n which_o rove_v up_o and_o down_o the_o room_n be_v condense_v by_o the_o external_n cold_a and_o freeze_v 15._o to_o show_v that_o the_o ice_n which_o appear_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vial_n in_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n proceed_v not_o from_o any_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o mixture_n penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o settle_v on_o the_o outside_n we_o find_v that_o four_o ounce_n and_o ¼_n of_o the_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o vial_n by_o the_o access_n of_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o weight_n of_o it_o be_v increase_v 12_o grain_n another_o vial_n which_o contain_v two_o ounce_n six_o dram_fw-la and_o a_o half_a increase_v in_o weight_n 4_o grain_n the_o vial_n be_v unseal_v under_o water_n it_o suck_v in_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o it_o six_o ounce_n snow_n and_o salt_n be_v seal_v up_o in_o a_o glass_n the_o hoar-frost_n be_v wipe_v off_o but_o return_v again_o and_o the_o vial_n be_v counterpoise_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n the_o vapour_n condense_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o it_o in_o the_o time_n that_o the_o snow_n be_v melt_v weigh_v 10_o grain_n a_o like_a quantity_n of_o snow_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o single_a vial_n the_o outside_n be_v present_o cover_v with_o ice_n and_o in_o all_o it_o become_v 7_o grain_n heavy_a than_o before_o another_o time_n a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o weigh_v 3_o ¾_n ounce_n afford_v 18_o grain_n of_o condense_a vapour_n and_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salgem_n which_o counterpoise_v 3_o ounce_n and_o 70_o grain_n upon_o a_o additional_a weight_n of_o condense_a vapour_n weigh_v 20_o grain_n more_o than_o before_o title_n ii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v body_n dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v freeze_v of_o body_n dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v without_o any_o more_o than_o bare_o intimate_v that_o there_o be_v several_a body_n dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v by_o one_o degree_n of_o cold_a that_o be_v not_o with_o another_o i_o shall_v observe_v 1._o that_o in_o very_o cold_a snowy_a wether_n water_n urine_n beer_n ale_n milk_n vinegar_n french_a and_o rhenish_a wine_n be_v either_o total_o or_o partly_o turn_v into_o ice_n but_o beside_o these_o more_o obvious_a instance_n we_o freeze_v a_o solution_n of_o sugar_n and_o another_o of_o gum_n arabic_a in_o water_n a_o solution_n of_o alum_n nitre_n and_o vinegar_n freeze_v without_o afford_v any_o considerable_a phaenomena_n a_o solution_n of_o vitriol_n be_v in_o part_n freeze_v and_o in_o part_n unfreeze_v that_o which_o be_v freeze_v being_n not_o much_o different_a in_o colour_n from_o water_n but_o the_o unfreeze_v part_n be_v of_o a_o very_a high_a vitriol-colour_n 2._o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n expose_v to_o a_o intense_a fire_n both_o of_o they_o freeze_v 3._o a_o drachm_n of_o salt_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v dissolve_v in_o two_o ounce_n of_o water_n present_o freeze_v in_o a_o intense_a cold_a and_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la or_o at_o least_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o fix_a salt_n of_o tartar_n be_v congeal_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n appendix_n to_o the_o ii_o title_n oil_n become_v much_o more_o hard_a in_o muscovy_n than_o here_o in_o england_n in_o the_o most_o excessive_a cold_n but_o will_v in_o neither_o be_v turn_v into_o perfect_a ice_n and_o captain_n james_n speak_v of_o a_o island_n where_o he_o and_o his_o man_n be_v force_v to_o winter_n pag._n 58_o say_v all_z our_o sack_n vinegar_n oil_n and_o every_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v liquid_a be_v now_o freeze_v as_o hard_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n and_o we_o must_v cut_v it_o with_o a_o hatchet_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n gent._n sept._n hist_o l._n 11._o c._n 24_o say_v speak_v of_o the_o fight_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v on_o the_o ice_n in_o the_o northern_a region_n glacialis_fw-la congressus_fw-la fit_a in_fw-la laneis_fw-la calcibus_fw-la non_fw-la pellibus_fw-la aut_fw-la coriis_fw-la unctis_fw-la vis_fw-fr enim_fw-la frigoris_fw-la quodcunque_fw-la fit_a unctuosum_fw-la convertit_fw-la in_o lubricitatem_fw-la glacialem_fw-la there_o be_v a_o great_a similitude_n betwixt_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o inflammability_n and_o be_v dispose_v to_o mix_v with_o oily_a body_n and_o as_o great_a a_o aptitude_n in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o mix_v with_o other_o liquor_n i_o inquire_v of_o the_o russian_a emperor_n physician_n what_o alteration_n he_o have_v observe_v to_o be_v produce_v by_o cold_a in_o muscovy_n to_o which_o he_o answer_v that_o aniseed_n and_o other_o weak_a spirit_n will_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o imperfect_a kind_n of_o ice_n and_o that_o strong_a one_o will_v turn_v ice_n into_o a_o kind_n of_o substance_n like_o oil_n particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o ii_o title_n 1_o in_o a_o very_a hard_a frost_n in_o december_n a_o solution_n of_o minium_n near_o the_o fire_n seem_v to_o be_v freeze_v though_o it_o be_v make_v with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o so_o strong_a that_o part_n of_o it_o be_v shoot_v into_o saccharum_n saturni_n some_o at_o the_o top_n which_o be_v yellow_a do_v not_o freeze_v though_o pour_v out_o 2._o a_o solution_n of_o gold_n make_v with_o salt_n be_v likewise_o freeze_v as_o also_o a_o pint-vial_n full_a of_o the_o tincture_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la which_o be_v freeze_v the_o ice_n have_v no_o such_o colour_n as_o the_o tincture_n 3._o it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o russia_n brandy_n will_v freeze_v but_o the_o ice_n of_o it_o be_v
not_o so_o hard_a as_o common_a ice_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o in_o moscow_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v freeze_v leave_v some_o dissolve_v in_o the_o middle_n which_o be_v much_o strong_a than_o ordinary_a brandy_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o russia_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o have_v wine_n freeze_v french_a brandy_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o russia_n freeze_v and_o salad-oil_n become_v as_o hard_o as_o tallow_n but_o water_n at_o the_o same_o time_n do_v not_o freeze_v title_n iii_o experiment_n touch_v body_n indispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v freeze_v body_n not_o dispose_v to_o freeze_v 1._o the_o subtle_a part_n of_o several_a body_n be_v bring_v over_o by_o distillation_n will_v not_o freeze_v by_o such_o a_o application_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n as_o freeze_v other_o body_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v aquafortis_n spirit_n of_o nitre_n of_o salt_n oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o chemical_a oil_n we_o have_v then_o in_o possession_n spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o of_o other_o fermented_a liquor_n and_o sack_n if_o good_a will_v scarce_o freeze_v but_o the_o inflammable_a part_n be_v spend_v by_o burn_v it_o will_v easy_o freeze_v 2._o two_o drachm_n of_o salt_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v dissolve_v in_o a_o ounce_n of_o water_n the_o mixture_n will_v not_o freeze_v though_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v cover_v with_o ice_n at_o another_o time_n a_o strong_a solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n will_v not_o freeze_v though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n salt_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v dissolve_v do_v 3._o that_o common_a express_v oil_n of_o vegetable_n will_v freeze_v after_o their_o manner_n and_o curdle_n in_o cold_a wether_n be_v common_o observe_v yet_o train-oyl_n which_o be_v usual_o make_v of_o the_o fat_a of_o whale_n by_o the_o help_n of_o fire_n continue_v fluid_a in_o wether_n that_o be_v very_o sharp_a but_o in_o a_o excessive_a cold_a night_n it_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n which_o seem_v to_o disfavour_v what_o olaus_n magnus_n write_v who_o say_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a region_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o cast_v train-oyl_n upon_o the_o water_n in_o their_o ditch_n to_o keep_v the_o water_n from_o freeze_a and_o thereby_o unpassable_a the_o oil_n as_o he_o say_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o congeal_v with_o cold_a but_o it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o train-oyl_n he_o speak_v of_o be_v the_o same_o as_o be_v use_v by_o the_o swede_n laplander_n and_o muscovite_n and_o whether_o they_o have_v a_o different_a way_n in_o keep_v of_o it_o or_o not_o 4._o though_o a_o solution_n of_o sugar_n will_v freeze_v yet_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o sugar_n of_o lead_n will_v not_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o be_v remarkable_a since_o the_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n itself_o will_v freeze_v beside_o there_o must_v needs_o be_v some_o water_n in_o the_o solution_n and_o the_o sugar_n be_v but_o a_o vitriol_n of_o lead_n it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o it_o shall_v not_o freeze_v as_o well_o as_o common_a vitriol_n though_o in_o this_o latter_a concrete_a metal_n be_v corrode_v by_o a_o spirit_n which_o if_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o the_o liquor_n afford_v in_o distillation_n be_v very_o much_o sharp_a and_o strong_a than_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n 5._o quicksilver_n will_v not_o freeze_v in_o the_o sharp_a air_n though_o expose_v to_o it_o in_o very_o thin_a glass_n and_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o a_o little_a quantity_n of_o it_o make_v a_o large_a surface_n 6._o a_o very_a sharp_a frost_n be_v not_o able_a to_o freeze_v a_o strong_a brine_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n other_o saline_a solution_n be_v congeal_v but_o a_o solution_n consist_v of_o twenty_o part_n of_o water_n and_o one_o of_o salt_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o very_a sharp_a night_n the_o ice_n swim_v at_o the_o top_n in_o figure_n almost_o like_a broom_n spread_v from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n downward_o the_o salt_n dissolve_v in_o this_o water_n be_v double_a the_o proportion_n of_o that_o which_o be_v usual_o in_o sea-water_n i_o thaw_v ice_n of_o salt-water_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o dissolve_a ice_n will_v be_v fresh_a or_o not_o but_o it_o retain_v a_o little_a brackishness_n which_o i_o suppose_v it_o receive_v from_o the_o contiguous_a brine_n though_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o in_o amsterdam_n they_o make_v use_v of_o thaw_a ice_n instead_o of_o common_a fresh_a water_n in_o brew_v and_o bartholinus_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la cap._n 6._o p._n 42._o say_v de_fw-fr glacie_n ex_fw-la marina_fw-la aqua_fw-la certum_fw-la est_fw-la si_fw-la resolvatur_fw-la salsum_fw-la saporem_fw-la deposuisse_fw-la quod_fw-la etiam_fw-la non_fw-la ità _fw-la pridem_fw-la expertus_fw-la est_fw-la cl._n jacobus_n fincbius_n academiae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la senior_fw-la &_o physices_fw-la professor_n benemeritus_fw-la in_fw-la glaciei_fw-la frustis_fw-la è_fw-la portu_fw-la nostro_fw-la allatis_fw-la particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o iii_o title_n 1._o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a make_v with_o quicklime_n volatile_a oil_n of_o amber_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v expose_v two_o night_n and_o a_o day_n freeze_v not_o a_o solution_n of_o silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la be_v and_o spr._n sanguinis_fw-la humani_fw-la be_v freeze_v swell_v so_o much_o as_o to_o force_v out_o the_o cork_n 2._o unrectify_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n expose_v to_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o bottle_n will_v not_o freeze_v but_o another_o portion_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o earthen_a porringer_n do_v 3._o i_o be_o inform_v that_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n of_o water_n in_o scotland_n out_o of_o which_o a_o small_a river_n run_v the_o water_n of_o both_o which_o be_v never_o freeze_v but_o dissolve_v snow_n or_o ice_n if_o cast_v into_o it_o 4._o salad-oil_n be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o keep_v the_o lock_n of_o gun_n from_o freeze_a hinder_v they_o from_o be_v discharge_v but_o oil_n of_o hemp_n or_o train-oyl_n keep_v they_o from_o freeze_a title_n iu_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o several_a body_n body_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o several_a body_n to_o discover_v the_o different_a degree_n of_o cold_a we_o have_v propose_v several_a thermometer_n in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n concern_v which_o we_o shall_v add_v this_o advertisement_n viz._n that_o though_o those_o which_o be_v to_o be_v immerse_v in_o liquor_n have_v the_o ball_n end_n round_o yet_o when_o we_o be_v to_o try_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a of_o consistent_a powder_n it_o be_v better_a to_o make_v use_n of_o such_o as_o have_v flat_a bottom_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o stand_v on_o their_o own_o basis_n for_o so_o it_o will_v be_v pleasant_a to_o see_v the_o suspend_v bubble_n in_o one_o of_o our_o thermometer_n rise_v and_o fall_v as_o it_o be_v remove_v from_o one_o body_n to_o another_o 2._o freeze_a have_v be_v so_o general_o esteem_v the_o utmost_a effect_n of_o cold_a that_o most_o have_v be_v content_a without_o examine_v strict_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o it_o nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o very_o easy_o do_v since_o if_o we_o do_v it_o with_o common_a weather-glass_n it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a thing_n to_o distinguish_v whether_o the_o cold_a of_o one_o day_n exceed_v that_o of_o another_o since_o there_o intervening_a so_o much_o time_n betwixt_o the_o observation_n the_o alteration_n may_v be_v cause_v by_o a_o increase_n in_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o shall_v we_o make_v a_o estimate_n by_o the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sense_n we_o shall_v easy_o be_v mistake_v since_o it_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o different_a sensation_n of_o cold_a which_o we_o perceive_v depend_v on_o the_o various_a disposition_n of_o our_o body_n but_o allow_v that_o vulgar_a thermometer_n may_v give_v we_o a_o true_a information_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a which_o nature_n afford_v yet_o they_o acquaint_v we_o not_o whether_o art_n may_v not_o produce_v great_a much_o less_o will_v they_o help_v we_o to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o this_o disparity_n and_o though_o we_o may_v make_v some_o guess_n by_o the_o operation_n of_o cold_a on_o liquor_n expose_v to_o it_o yet_o some_o as_o aqueous_a liquor_n freeze_v too_o soon_o and_o vinous_a liquor_n here_o in_o england_n will_v not_o freeze_v at_o all_o except_z french_z wine_n which_o happen_v seldom_o and_o leave_v too_o great_a a_o interval_n betwixt_o the_o degree_n necessary_a to_o congeal_v wine_n and_o sufficient_a to_o freeze_v water_n beside_o the_o uncertainty_n proceed_v from_o the_o several_a strength_n of_o wine_n wherefore_o to_o discover_v the_o intensity_n of_o cold_a produce_v by_o art_n above_o the_o high_a degree_n that_o nature_n afford_v 1._o see_v plate_n 1._o fig._n 1._o we_o furnish_v a_o seal_a weatherglass_n such_o as_o plate_n 1_o fig._n 1._o delineates_n with_o
burning-glass_n to_o concentre_v the_o ray_n of_o the_o moon_n i_o can_v neither_o perceive_v they_o cold_a or_o hot_a though_o sanctorius_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o be_v hot_a and_o that_o be_v concentre_v and_o cast_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o common_a weatherglass_n the_o water_n be_v sensible_o depress_v but_o since_o my_o glass_n for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v from_o the_o narrative_a be_v better_a than_o he_o i_o must_v suspend_v my_o assent_n till_o further_a satisfy_v by_o experience_n for_o since_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o several_a of_o his_o scholar_n stand_v by_o to_o watch_v the_o event_n the_o effect_n may_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n depend_v on_o the_o warmth_n of_o their_o breath_n one_o particular_a referrable_a to_o the_o xxi_o title_n the_o samojede_v clothe_v themselves_o with_o renes_fw-la skin_n the_o hair_n be_v outward_a and_o i_o have_v find_v a_o pair_n of_o cangy_n warm_a than_o fur_a glove_n they_o be_v chief_o make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o sledge_n though_o one_o may_v walk_v in_o the_o snow_n with_o they_o it_o be_v so_o dry_a that_o a_o scarlet_n be_v cover_v all_o over_o with_o it_o it_o will_v brush_v off_o without_o wet_n or_o endamage_v it_o to_o the_o xi_o title_n cold._n the_o force_n of_o expansion_n by_o cold._n 1._o the_o barrel_n of_o a_o gun_n which_o be_v about_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o of_o a_o proportionable_a diameter_n have_v the_o touchhole_n rivet_v up_o and_o a_o screw_v fit_v to_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o barrel_n which_o be_v do_v it_o be_v fill_v full_a of_o water_n and_o suspend_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n the_o screw_v have_v be_v thrust_v down_o as_o forcible_o as_o a_o man_n can_v in_o a_o frosty_a night_n the_o congeal_a ice_n raise_v the_o screw_n considerable_o so_o that_o ice_n have_v make_v its_o way_n out_o at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o barrel_n but_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v and_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o screw_v fill_v up_o with_o melt_a bees-wax_n the_o expanded_a ice_n not_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o barrel_n be_v crack_v oblique_o beside_o several_a other_o flaw_n in_o other_o place_n which_o give_v way_n to_o the_o wind_n blow_v into_o the_o barrel_n to_o try_v it_o a_o appendix_n to_o the_o xvii_o title_n freeze_a of_o the_o effect_n of_o nitre_n in_o freeze_a bartholinus_n cite_v a_o experiment_n wherein_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o nitre_n and_o water_n be_v 35_o to_o 100_o to_o try_v the_o success_n of_o it_o we_o mix_v a_o pound_n of_o salt-petre_n with_o 3_o pound_n of_o water_n and_o stir_v it_o about_o constant_o as_o cabaeus_n direct_v in_o a_o hour_n and_o half_a we_o perceive_v not_o the_o least_o ice_n whereas_o according_a to_o he_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v whole_o freeze_v in_o less_o time_n but_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n in_o the_o least_o freeze_v for_o a_o further_a trial_n we_o mix_v two_o ounce_n of_o salt-petre_n with_o six_o of_o water_n in_o a_o glass-vial_n but_o by_o all_o the_o shake_n we_o can_v not_o produce_v the_o least_o ice_n though_o whilst_o the_o nitre_n be_v dissolve_v the_o mixture_n be_v sensible_o cold_a and_o the_o same_o we_o have_v observe_v to_o happen_v upon_o a_o dissolution_n of_o common_a salt_n though_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o congelation_n which_o i_o be_v satisfy_v in_o by_o remove_v a_o thermoscope_n out_o of_o the_o mixture_n of_o nitre_n and_o water_n into_o water_n which_o be_v place_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n subside_v in_o the_o latter_a about_o 3_o inch_n so_o that_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v the_o learned_a cabaeus_n mistake_v crystal_n of_o nitre_n for_o ice_n it_o be_v believe_v by_o most_o watermen_n that_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n because_o they_o observe_v large_a piece_n of_o ice_n rise_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o be_v very_o reasonable_o question_v since_o we_o not_o only_o see_v that_o water_n in_o vessel_n but_o in_o well_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n and_o several_a argument_n in_o proof_n of_o the_o contrary_n may_v be_v find_v in_o our_o section_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la and_o as_o for_o those_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o they_o observe_v to_o emerge_n that_o phaenomenon_n may_v easy_o be_v solve_v without_o suppose_v the_o water_n to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n for_o since_o the_o water_n which_o run_v along_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bank_n be_v freeze_v several_a stone_n may_v stick_v to_o it_o they_o by_o their_o weight_n may_v cause_v it_o to_o subside_n when_o it_o be_v partly_o loosen_a by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o water_n by_o that_o rarifaction_n become_v light_a yet_o when_o the_o water_n above_o be_v cool_v and_o the_o water_n below_o be_v warm_a have_v melt_v the_o ice_n in_o some_o measure_n and_o loosen_a some_o of_o those_o stone_n which_o be_v before_o freeze_v to_o it_o the_o ice_n become_v specifical_o light_a than_o the_o water_n must_v consequent_o emerge_n on_o which_o occasion_n i_o shall_v here_o observe_v that_o capt._n james_n hall_n take_v notice_n that_o they_o find_v a_o stone_n of_o three_o hundred_o weight_n upon_o a_o piece_n of_o ice_n in_o confirmation_n of_o our_o solution_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n i_o may_v allege_v the_o experiment_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o section_n of_o the_o duration_n of_o ice_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o for_o a_o further_a decision_n of_o this_o matter_n that_o either_o divers_a be_v send_v down_o or_o instrument_n which_o will_v bring_v up_o ice_n if_o any_o be_v there_o we_o take_v a_o seal_a weatherglass_n and_o have_v invert_v the_o stem_n of_o it_o when_o furnish_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n so_o that_o that_o be_v place_v in_o a_o hole_n purposely_o make_v in_o a_o box_n the_o ball_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n rest_v on_o the_o box_n about_o that_o we_o place_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o find_v that_o present_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v retract_v so_o that_o liquor_n may_v be_v condense_v without_o the_o assistance_n of_o their_o gravity_n to_o depress_v and_o cause_v the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n to_o sink_v together_o but_o whether_o in_o this_o case_n the_o contraction_n be_v assist_v by_o the_o tenacity_n of_o the_o liquor_n or_o the_o springiness_n of_o some_o elastic_a particle_n will_v be_v inquire_v into_o in_o a_o more_o proper_a place_n frog_n and_o toad_n be_v take_v up_o from_o under_o ice_n be_v brisk_a and_o lively_a and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o frosty_a wether_n they_o general_o lie_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o pit_n for_o their_o security_n paralipomena_fw-la to_o the_o two_o and_o xx_o title_n of_o the_o frost_n get_v into_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n body_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o frost_n on_o solid_a body_n in_o england_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o wood_n who_o diameter_n be_v a_o foot_n through_o have_v be_v freeze_v and_o in_o poland_n the_o frost_n have_v be_v so_o powerful_a that_o it_o have_v render_v the_o timber_n so_o hard_o that_o hatchet_n will_v not_o cut_v it_o and_o the_o wood_n with_o which_o the_o house_n be_v cover_v will_v give_v crack_n as_o loud_o as_o pistol_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o that_o his_o bow_n be_v freeze_v if_o he_o do_v not_o take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o care_n in_o thaw_v it_o it_o will_v break_v marle_n and_o chalk_n will_v be_v shatter_v with_o the_o frost_n the_o texture_n of_o those_o body_n be_v by_o that_o mean_v open_v and_o render_v more_o fit_a to_o nourish_v plant_n and_o grass_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v by_o a_o experience_a mason_n that_o even_o free_a stone_n of_o which_o house_n be_v build_v will_v crack_v and_o flaw_n in_o frosty_a wether_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o england_n that_o stone_n dig_v up_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o summer_n and_o season_v in_o the_o air_n be_v not_o near_o so_o subject_a to_o flaw_n as_o those_o that_o be_v dig_v up_o and_o work_v whilst_o the_o frost_n continue_v and_o it_o be_v further_o observe_v that_o both_o earthen_a as_o well_o as_o glass-vessel_n be_v considerable_o impair_v by_o the_o effect_n of_o frost_n upon_o they_o to_o which_o instance_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o maistre_n bernard_n palissy_n who_o say_v that_o though_o the_o stone_n of_o the_o mountain_n ardenne_n be_v hard_o than_o marble_n yet_o for_o fear_n of_o frost_n they_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o quarry_n in_o the_o winter_n and_o he_o further_o add_v that_o in_o the_o winter_n the_o rock_n sometime_o crack_v and_o fall_v down_o without_o be_v cut_v
chrystallized_a salt_n appear_v the_o oil_n of_o the_o fruit_n become_v very_o friable_a and_o of_o a_o milky-white_a colour_n but_o the_o train_n oil_n only_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n and_o become_v of_o the_o consistence_n of_o soft_a grease_n and_o the_o same_o night_n a_o bottle_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n and_o another_o of_o strong_a white-wine_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v the_o ice_n taste_v weak_a than_o the_o wine_n but_o the_o wine_n be_v several_a time_n freeze_v and_o thaw_v again_o neither_o lose_v any_o thing_n of_o its_o colour_n taste_v or_o strength_n mr._n hook_v show_v i_o a_o oval_a glass_n which_o have_v at_o one_o end_v a_o narrow_a cane_n a_o inch_n long_o in_o which_o water_n tinge_v with_o cochineel_n be_v freeze_v the_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v colourless_a but_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o deep_a tincture_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o like_a in_o flask_n contain_v the_o same_o tincture_n freeze_v flesh_n fish_n egg_n and_o apple_n be_v hold_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n and_o immerse_v in_o it_o be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o mortar_n and_o plaster_n of_o paris_n will_v freeze_v i_o have_v see_v ice_n three_o yard_n thick_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o thames_n the_o water_n which_o flow_v successive_o over_o the_o ice_n be_v freeze_v and_o gradual_o thickening_a it_o and_o i_o have_v freeze_v a_o whole_a flask_n full_a of_o water_n by_o gradual_o pour_v it_o into_o a_o pan_n which_o confirm_v what_o olearius_n say_v of_o make_v huge_a heap_n of_o ice_n to_o preserve_v body_n though_o my_o lord_n verulam_n tell_v we_o that_o egg_n and_o apple_n cover_v with_o a_o wet_a cloth_n will_v not_o freeze_v yet_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o and_o other_o oil_n of_o animal_n and_o vegetable_a oil_n by_o expression_n subside_o syrup_n freeze_v not_o cold_n affect_v not_o lodestone_n sensible_o in_o their_o operation_n have_v expose_v distil_v water_n of_o plantain_n poppy_n black_a cherry_n nightshade_n scurvygrass_n and_o horseradish_n to_o the_o cold_a in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o standard_n for_o weather-glass_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o black-cherry-water_n be_v freeze_v first_o and_o the_o horseradish_n and_o scurvygrass_n water_n last_o the_o best_a way_n to_o discover_v when_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v first_o be_v by_o draw_v a_o pin_n through_o the_o surface_n of_o those_o liquor_n chap._n ix_o a_o new_a frigorifick_a experiment_n show_v how_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a may_v be_v sudden_o produce_v without_o the_o help_n of_o snow_n ice_n hail_o wind_n or_o nitre_n any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n comunicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o july_n 18._o 1666._o water_n cold_a produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o sal-armon_a and_o water_n if_o a_o pound_n of_o powder_a sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v mix_v gradual_o with_o three_o pint_n of_o water_n and_o the_o liquor_n be_v stir_v with_o a_o stick_n or_o a_o whale-bone_n whilst_o the_o salt_n be_v dissolve_v it_o will_v produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n which_o will_v not_o only_o be_v sensible_a to_o the_o touch_n but_o if_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o silver_n tankard_n the_o outside_n of_o it_o will_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o multitude_n of_o little_a drop_n of_o condense_a vapour_n as_o high_a as_o the_o mixture_n reach_v and_o if_o some_o of_o it_o be_v quite_o wipe_v off_o before_o the_o mixture_n have_v lose_v its_o virtue_n it_o will_v again_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o dew_n and_o if_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n be_v immerse_v in_o it_o the_o tinged_a liquor_n will_v present_o descend_v low_a than_o it_o do_v in_o common_a water_n and_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o it_o into_o the_o air_n again_o or_o common_a water_n the_o spirit_n will_v manifest_o ascend_v and_o this_o coldness_n be_v more_o or_o less_o last_a as_o the_o season_n of_o the_o air_n contribute_v to_o its_o coldness_n and_o as_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o salt_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o water_n be_v great_a or_o less_o or_o as_o it_o vary_v in_o goodness_n or_o as_o the_o salt_n be_v put_v in_o in_o grosser_n powder_n and_o more_o leisurely_o and_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a may_v easy_o be_v discover_v by_o frequent_o immerge_v and_o remove_v a_o weatherglass_n out_o of_o it_o into_o water_n and_o from_o the_o latter_a into_o it_o again_o whether_o shall_v ammoniac_a mix_v with_o sand_n or_o earth_n will_v cool_v drink_v better_o than_o without_o when_o the_o mixture_n be_v sprinkle_v with_o water_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o try_v but_o i_o have_v find_v the_o aforementioned_a mixture_n cool_a liquor_n convenient_o enough_o after_o midsummer_n march_n 27._o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o spirit_n that_o rest_v at_o 8_o 1_o â—_o inch_n descend_v to_o 7_o â—_o 8_o and_o then_o the_o sal-armon_a be_v put_v in_o within_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n it_o descend_v to_o 2_o 1_o â—_o â…™_n inch_n and_o before_o that_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o condense_a the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o when_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v cold_a water_n place_v thin_a on_o the_o outside_n will_v be_v freeze_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o minute_n about_o 3_o â—_o of_o a_o hour_n after_o the_o salt_n be_v put_v in_o the_o tinged_a liquor_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o water_n into_o it_o subside_v a_o inch_n below_o the_o freeze_a mark._n at_o 2_o ½_n hour_n after_o the_o first_o solution_n it_o be_v at_o 5_o ½_n inches_n or_o 4_o ¾_n which_o mark_v the_o liquor_n stand_v at_o in_o hard_a and_o last_a frost_n in_o the_o winter_n three_o hour_n after_o the_o first_o dissolution_n the_o liquor_n stand_v at_o the_o uppermost_a freeze_a mark._n in_o try_v of_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o some_o water_n be_v shed_v it_o freeze_v the_o cucurbite_n to_o the_o table_n it_o stand_v on_o in_o another_o experiment_n before_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v put_v in_o it_o stand_v at_o 8_o â…›_n but_o when_o immerse_v in_o water_n it_o sink_v to_o 7_o â…_n or_o 6_o 8_o in_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n it_o subside_v to_o 7_o ¾_n and_o in_o a_o hour_n below_o 5_o and_o consequent_o within_o a_o quarter_n of_o the_o low_a freeze_a mark._n salt_n which_o once_o have_v be_v dissolve_v may_v by_o be_v crystallize_v in_o a_o iron_n vessel_n be_v fit_a for_o use_v again_o so_o march_v 29._o the_o thermoscope_n which_o in_o the_o air_n stand_v at_o 8_o â…ž_n in_o water_n subside_v to_o 8_o and_o in_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n make_v of_o salt_n twice_o use_v before_o it_o subside_v to_o 4_o inch_n but_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o fresh_a water_n it_o rise_v gradual_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o positive_a and_o privative_a nature_n of_o cold._n answer_v argument_n allege_v in_o favour_n of_o its_o positive_a nature_n answer_v before_o i_o proceed_v to_o enumerate_v what_o argument_n may_v be_v allege_v either_o for_o the_o positive_a or_o privative_a nature_n of_o cold_a i_o shall_v brief_o intimate_v that_o the_o word_n cold_a may_v be_v either_o consider_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o effect_n such_o body_n have_v upon_o the_o sensory_a or_o upon_o other_o body_n if_o in_o the_o latter_a then_o in_o frosty_a wether_n the_o sun_n may_v be_v say_v to_o warm_v the_o air_n because_o it_o enable_v it_o to_o melt_v the_o snow_n and_o thaw_v ice_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a warm_a water_n be_v say_v to_o be_v cold_a in_o respect_n of_o a_o hand_n that_o be_v much_o hot_a argument_n the_o first_o argument_n but_o to_o pass_v on_o to_o argument_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o positive_a nature_n of_o cold_a the_o first_o argument_n allege_v be_v the_o considerable_a effect_n it_o have_v both_o upon_o the_o sensory_a and_o other_o body_n so_o that_o we_o may_v sum_n our_o argument_n up_o in_o the_o word_n of_o gassendus_fw-la two_o sunt_fw-la frigoris_fw-la effectus_fw-la quales_fw-la habere_fw-la privatio_fw-la quae_fw-la actionis_fw-la est_fw-la incapax_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o heat_n and_o cold_a depend_v only_o on_o a_o great_a or_o less_o degree_n of_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n than_o those_o about_o our_o sensory_a and_o all_o perception_n be_v carry_v to_o and_o distinguish_v in_o the_o brain_n and_o be_v various_a as_o that_o motion_n be_v different_a and_o it_o be_v likewise_o consider_v that_o when_o one_o body_n communicate_v motion_n to_o another_o it_o lose_v of_o its_o own_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o when_o i_o take_v a_o piece_n of_o ice_n into_o my_o hand_n and_o it_o be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o motion_n communicate_v to_o its_o part_n the_o motion_n which_o the_o humour_n in_o my_o hand_n lose_v by_o put_v
mace_n as_o with_o oil_n of_o cinnamon_n yet_o upon_o further_a trial_n i_o find_v that_o it_o succeed_v and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v on_o this_o subject_a i_o shall_v further_o add_v when_o the_o noctiluca_n be_v whole_o consume_v to_o a_o caput_n mortuum_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v turn_v with_o the_o other_o side_n upward_o it_o will_v immediate_o take_v fire_n afresh_o the_o work_n of_o the_o honourable_a robert_n boil_v esq_n epitomise_v book_n v._o part_n i._n chap._n i._n new_a experiment_n of_o the_o positive_a or_o relative_n levity_n of_o body_n under_o water_n body_n argument_n against_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o emerge_a body_n when_o any_o body_n that_o be_v light_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o it_o and_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o that_o force_n which_o depress_v it_o it_o rise_v again_o it_o be_v usual_o attribute_v to_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o that_o body_n but_o since_o the_o instance_n of_o wood_n emerge_v be_v that_o which_o be_v usual_o offer_v as_o a_o argument_n to_o it_o i_o shall_v answer_v that_o wood_n be_v a_o body_n full_a of_o pore_n except_o some_o which_o will_v not_o swim_v in_o water_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n specifical_o light_a than_o water_n the_o water_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o which_o be_v incumbent_n get_v betwixt_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o body_n immerse_v cause_v it_o to_o rise_v the_o water_n which_o succeed_v it_o in_o its_o place_n make_v a_o more_o powerful_a pressure_n against_o it_o than_o its_o specific_a gravity_n enable_v it_o to_o resist_v and_o that_o body_n specifical_o light_a than_o water_n will_v be_v thus_o buoy_v up_o by_o it_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n hereafter_o to_o be_v lay_v down_o and_o though_o it_o be_v usual_o urge_v that_o the_o body_n imimmerse_v be_v too_o close_o contiguous_a to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n for_o the_o water_n to_o insinuate_v themselves_o betwixt_o yet_o from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o be_v the_o contiguous_a surface_n so_o close_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o the_o wood_n will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o for_o two_o black_a marble_n be_v so_o exact_o polish_v as_o to_o be_v as_o contiguous_a as_o possible_o they_o may_v we_o tie_v a_o bladder_n full_a of_o air_n to_o the_o uppermost_a and_o then_o cause_v they_o both_o to_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o positive_a levity_n of_o the_o bladder_n will_v not_o cause_v the_o bladder_n to_o rise_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o by_o a_o servant_n the_o uppermost_a marble_n be_v gradual_o slip_v half_a off_o the_o polish_a surface_n of_o the_o low_a the_o water_n which_o before_o be_v not_o able_a to_o insinuate_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o contiguous_a marble_n and_o to_o separate_v they_o present_o cause_v the_o bladder_n to_o rise_v with_o a_o considerable_a swiftness_n and_o force_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o event_n that_o it_o do_v not_o depend_v on_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n be_v evident_a since_o that_o will_v have_v a_o equal_a force_n when_o the_o polish_a surface_n be_v whole_o contiguous_a the_o power_n of_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n be_v hold_v by_o its_o assertor_n to_o be_v unlimited_a and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o heaviness_n of_o the_o upper_a marble_n nor_o want_v of_o lightness_n in_o the_o include_v appear_v since_o when_o the_o surface_v of_o the_o polish_a marble_n be_v not_o contiguous_a the_o bladder_n be_v able_a to_o lift_v up_o a_o weight_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o pound_n beside_o the_o marble_n and_o to_o show_v that_o the_o bladder_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o hydrostaticks_n usual_o buoy_v up_o body_n specifical_o light_a than_o itself_o have_v press_v out_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o a_o bladder_n i_o tie_v a_o piece_n of_o iron_n to_o it_o and_o immerse_v it_o in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n which_o be_v so_o deep_a that_o the_o bladder_n be_v total_o immerse_v and_o yet_o not_o far_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o this_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o pneumatick_a engine_n when_o by_o exhaust_v the_o air_n part_n of_o the_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n expand_v itself_o and_o take_v up_o more_o room_n in_o the_o water_n and_o consequent_o become_v so_o much_o more_o specifical_o light_a and_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o water_n which_o endeavour_v to_o buoy_v it_o up_o become_v respective_o great_a it_o be_v together_o with_o the_o suspend_v weight_n raise_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o continue_v there_o till_o the_o outward_a air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o and_o then_o the_o air_n be_v contract_v into_o its_o former_a dimension_n it_o subside_v again_o in_o which_o experiment_n the_o positive_a levity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v not_o vary_a but_o only_o its_o relative_a and_o respective_a weight_n in_o reference_n to_o its_o proportion_n of_o water_n and_o that_o rarefaction_n alter_v not_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o body_n may_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n for_o have_v oil_v a_o bladder_n and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v express_v tie_v it_o to_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o vial_n i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n though_o the_o air_n in_o the_o vial_n be_v so_o far_o expanded_a as_o to_o fill_v the_o whole_a capacity_n of_o the_o bladder_n yet_o the_o vial_n neither_o rose_n high_o nor_o subsidede_v low_a when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o or_o let_v in_o again_o chap._n ii_o new_a experiment_n about_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n on_o body_n under_o water_n water_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n on_o body_n under_o water_n to_o show_v that_o the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n have_v manifest_a effect_n on_o body_n separate_v from_o a_o immediate_a contact_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o water_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n experiment_n ii_o we_o lute_v the_o neck_n of_o a_o vial_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o contain_v above_o a_o point_n of_o water_n upon_o that_o pipe_n which_o convey_v air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o pump_n which_o be_v do_v we_o whelm_v over_o this_o receiver_n our_o large_a one_o and_o have_v pour_v in_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n we_o close_v it_o up_o with_o the_o turn-key_n that_o no_o air_n may_v get_v out_o that_o way_n and_o then_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v out_o of_o the_o vial_n if_o fly_v into_o a_o great_a many_o piece_n the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o large_a receiver_n experiment_n ii_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v squeeze_v out_o of_o a_o bladder_n and_o the_o bladder_n tie_v to_o a_o weight_n which_o keep_v it_o something_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n contain_v in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n this_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n expanded_a as_o the_o air_n on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v extract_v experiment_n iii_o a_o brass_n plug_n be_v fit_v to_o a_o cylinder_n which_o be_v close_v with_o a_o plate_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n at_o one_o end_n we_o put_v a_o bladder_n half_o blow_v into_o the_o cylinder_n and_o place_v the_o plug_n upon_o it_o with_o a_o weight_n of_o a_o conical_a figure_n upon_o that_o we_o pour_v so_o much_o water_n into_o the_o receiver_n in_o which_o it_o be_v place_v as_o cover_v the_o top_n of_o the_o conical_a weight_n but_o leave_v the_o ring_n which_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o turn-key_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o string_n and_o thing_n be_v thus_o order_v when_o the_o air_n above_o the_o water_n be_v considerable_o exhaust_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cylinder_n raise_v the_o plugg_n and_o weight_n a_o considerable_a height_n though_o the_o whole_a weight_n amount_v to_o twenty_o eight_o pound_n experiment_n iu._n a_o glass_n vial_n be_v close_v with_o cement_n and_o immerse_v in_o a_o deep_a brass_n cylinder_n of_o water_n this_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o receiver_n and_o when_o the_o air_n which_o press_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v off_o the_o vial_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n be_v violent_o shatter_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n for_o want_v of_o a_o sufficient_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n incumbent_a on_o the_o water_n to_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o that_o spring_n experiment_n v._n to_o show_v that_o the_o expansion_n
the_o root_n be_v impel_v into_o it_o and_o thence_o convey_v into_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v convey_v in_o the_o form_n of_o sap_n which_o pass_v through_o new_a strainer_n receive_v alteration_n requisite_a to_o turn_v it_o into_o wood_n bark_n leaves_n fruit_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o young_a thrive_a animal_n it_o can_v be_v imagine_v how_o the_o nourishment_n shall_v be_v convey_v to_o all_o the_o part_n without_o suppose_v they_o furnish_v with_o pore_n for_o its_o reception_n and_o passage_n another_o argument_n of_o the_o porosity_n of_o animal_n body_n may_v be_v bring_v from_o the_o plenty_n of_o humour_n carry_v off_o by_o sweat_n and_o insensible_a transpiration_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o good_a microscope_n we_o may_v discern_v pore_n in_o the_o skin_n of_o animal_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o inward_a side_n of_o glove_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o skin_n dress_v and_o they_o be_v further_a evident_a since_o quicksilver_n ready_o pass_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o sheep_n skin_n and_o leave_v the_o dross_n behind_o in_o the_o leather_n and_o the_o like_a i_o have_v try_v with_o the_o skin_n of_o a_o man_n arm_n tan_v which_o pore_n according_a to_o steno_n and_o malpighius_n be_v the_o excretory_a vessel_n of_o the_o glandulae_fw-la miliares_n contain_v in_o the_o skin_n and_o that_o the_o skin_n and_o shell_n of_o egg_n be_v not_o void_a of_o pore_n appear_v since_o the_o moisture_n contain_v be_v so_o far_o dissipate_v through_o they_o as_o to_o diminish_v their_o weight_n and_o sanctorius_n in_o his_o medicina_fw-la statica_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o if_o the_o meat_n and_o drink_v take_v one_o day_n amount_v to_o eight_o pound_n five_o pound_n will_v be_v carry_v off_o by_o insensible_a transpiration_n and_o he_o elsewhere_o say_v that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o four_o hour_n â—n_o the_o winter_n time_n a_o healthful_a body_n may_v exhale_v fifty_o ounce_n or_o more_o a_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v carry_v off_o through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la and_o if_o one_o finger_n in_o hot_a wether_n be_v hold_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o any_o cold_a body_n it_o will_v present_o be_v sully_v over_o with_o the_o steam_v that_o issue_n out_o of_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o skin_n and_o their_o porosity_n be_v further_o confirm_v by_o observe_v how_o soon_o those_o black_a and_o blue_a spot_n in_o the_o skin_n occasion_v by_o bruise_n be_v remove_v for_o which_o use_n helmont_n employ_v white_a bryony_n root_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o poultess_n of_o chap_a hyssop_n and_o fresh_a butter_n remove_v the_o pain_n and_o black_a colour_n of_o a_o contusion_n in_o a_o little_a time_n and_o not_o only_o the_o skin_n but_o the_o membrane_n of_o body_n be_v stock_v with_o pore_n since_o the_o bladder_n of_o a_o dead_a animal_n appear_v to_o be_v full_a of_o they_o for_o if_o salt_n of_o tartar_n be_v put_v into_o a_o bladder_n and_o it_o be_v then_o immerse_v in_o water_n enough_o of_o it_o will_v penetrate_v the_o bladder_n to_o dissolve_v the_o salt_n and_o render_v it_o liquid_a and_o the_o like_v succeed_v but_o much_o more_o slow_o when_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o sugar_n and_o some_o say_v that_o syrup_n make_v this_o way_n instead_o of_o use_v ordinary_a water_n be_v much_o more_o preferable_a and_o as_o a_o further_a instance_n of_o the_o porosity_n of_o the_o shell_n of_o egg_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o one_o have_v be_v immerse_v in_o very_o sharp_a vinegar_n though_o the_o shell_n be_v part_n of_o it_o consume_v yet_o be_v take_v out_o and_o wipe_v it_o be_v considerable_o swell_v and_o heavy_a than_o before_o the_o menstruum_fw-la be_v imbibe_v and_o insinuate_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o and_o i_o be_o not_o only_o tell_v that_o the_o chineses_n have_v a_o way_n of_o salt_a egg_n but_o i_o find_v by_o coat_v one_o over_o with_o clay_n after_o it_o have_v lie_v some_o time_n in_o brine_n the_o substance_n contain_v taste_v evident_o salt_n and_o i_o know_v a_o physician_n who_o be_v affect_v with_o a_o giddiness_n upon_o the_o use_n of_o clyster_n of_o sack_n and_o another_o tell_v i_o that_o have_v apply_v tobacco_n to_o the_o sore_a leg_n of_o one_o of_o his_o patient_n it_o cause_v her_o stomach_n to_o turn_v or_o actual_a vomit_v and_o another_o tell_v i_o that_o he_o use_v to_o vomit_v himself_o by_o apply_v decoction_n of_o tobacco_n to_o his_o wrist_n or_o other_o extreme_a part_n and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a custom_n to_o purge_v child_n by_o the_o application_n of_o external_a thing_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o bathe_v the_o sore_a head_n of_o child_n with_o a_o decoction_n of_o tobacco_n have_v cause_v a_o giddiness_n and_o a_o virtuoso_fw-la tell_v i_o that_o have_v take_v another_o by_o the_o hand_n which_o be_v gentle_o besmear_v with_o oil_n it_o give_v he_o three_o or_o four_o stool_n present_o and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v of_o the_o porosity_n of_o membrane_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o aptness_n of_o lute-string_n to_o imbibe_n into_o their_o pore_n moist_a particle_n and_o also_o the_o metastasis_n or_o translation_n of_o morbific_a matter_n in_o disease_a body_n as_o the_o matter_n which_o cause_v a_o fever_n be_v discharge_v upon_o the_o brain_n cause_v a_o delirium_fw-la and_o other_o distemper_n as_o it_o be_v discharge_v upon_o the_o pleura_fw-la the_o membrane_n of_o the_o chest_n the_o throat_n or_o gut_n another_o argument_n of_o the_o porousness_n of_o animal_n body_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o their_o aptness_n to_o imbibe_n effluvia_fw-la from_o without_o as_o when_o cantharides_n external_o apply_v affect_v the_o bladder_n to_o which_o instance_n may_v be_v add_v the_o effect_n of_o plaster_n and_o ointment_n and_o pericarpia_n for_o i_o have_v often_o cure_v ague_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o â—â—â—ians_n hop_n and_o bay-salt_n and_o it_o be_v vulgar_o know_v that_o mercury_n external_o use_v in_o ointment_n will_v salivate_v to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o effect_n of_o periapta_n and_o appensa_fw-la of_o bloodstone_n in_o stop_v of_o hemorragy_n and_o of_o another_o kind_n of_o stone_n make_v use_v of_o by_o the_o indian_n in_o obstructione_fw-la menstruum_fw-la and_o i_o have_v find_v myself_o that_o the_o moss_n of_o a_o dead_a man_n skull_n will_v stop_v a_o hemorrhage_n as_o soon_o as_o warm_v by_o the_o contiguous_a skin_n and_o zwelfer_n tell_v we_o of_o one_o who_o preserve_v several_a from_o the_o plague_n by_o use_v helmont_n troch_v of_o toad_n in_o annulet_n and_o several_a of_o these_o troche_n be_v put_v upon_o the_o plague_n sore_n of_o the_o infect_a they_o be_v afterward_o cure_v by_o the_o use_n of_o vulgar_a remedy_n and_o to_o these_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v draw_v a_o spirit_n from_o a_o mixture_n of_o flower_n of_o brimstone_n powder_v salarmoniack_a and_o good_a quicklime_n in_o equal_a quantity_n by_o degree_n of_o fire_n in_o a_o retort_n till_o the_o sand_n be_v red_a hot_a if_o a_o piece_n of_o copper_n be_v fold_v up_o in_o sheep_n leather_n and_o hold_v over_o the_o vial_n it_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o metal_n will_v be_v tinge_v with_o the_o rise_a fume_n without_o discolour_v the_o leather_n and_o the_o same_o will_v succeed_v only_o more_o slow_o through_o a_o double_a fold_n of_o leather_n and_o all_o the_o alteration_n the_o leather_n receive_v from_o these_o pervade_a fume_n be_v that_o they_o give_v it_o a_o sulphureous_a smell_n and_o this_o experiment_n may_v favour_v the_o account_n we_o have_v of_o the_o effect_n of_o lightning_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o discolour_v the_o money_n in_o man_n pocket_n without_o burn_v they_o and_o the_o same_o effect_n have_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o some_o who_o have_v ascend_v a_o burn_a mountain_n in_o america_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o lamb_n leather_n hang_v up_o in_o the_o air_n acquire_v a_o moisture_n which_o add_v considerable_o to_o its_o weight_n and_o to_o these_o instance_n may_v be_v add_v the_o effect_n of_o cantharides_n upon_o some_o that_o only_o carry_v they_o in_o their_o pocket_n the_o effluvium_n of_o they_o have_v cause_v they_o to_o piss_v bloody_a urine_n and_o as_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o porousness_n of_o body_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o the_o permeate_a liquor_n above_o mention_v have_v the_o like_a effect_n upon_o copper_n through_o the_o tough_a skin_n of_o a_o egg_n and_o likewise_o through_o a_o wet_a sheep_n bladder_n and_o to_o confirm_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o the_o porousness_n of_o animal_n body_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o gentleman_n who_o have_v a_o long_a time_n a_o perforation_n in_o his_o thorax_n and_o be_v wont_a to_o inject_v medicate_v liquor_n often_o to_o cherish_v the_o part_n and_o likewise_o to_o wear_v a_o silken_a bag_n
be_v only_o enclose_v nou._n 13._o mercury_n descend_v in_o all_o especial_o where_o the_o compress_v water_n be_v nou._n 18._o in_o that_o which_o contain_v compress_v water_n it_o almost_o rise_v to_o it_o be_v former_a height_n a_o piece_n of_o the_o same_o beef_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o smell_v ill_o nou._n 23._o air_n be_v generate_v in_o all_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o second_o be_v 20_o digit_n have_v descend_v 3._o in_o the_o other_o two_o it_o be_v about_o 16._o in_o the_o first_o the_o flesh_n be_v not_o corrupt_v nou._n 30._o the_o flesh_n include_v with_o salt_n do_v not_o stink_v but_o when_o boil_v be_v tender_a and_o pleasant_a decemb._n 6._o the_o mercury_n in_o that_o which_o contain_v the_o compress_v air_n be_v 25_o digit_n the_o flesh_n be_v strong_a scent_v but_o do_v not_o stink_v that_o include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la bubble_v when_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v and_o in_o a_o hour_n time_n yield_v air_n enough_o to_o sustain_v 3_o or_o 4_o digit_n of_o mercury_n the_o receiver_n which_o contain_v it_o be_v immerse_v in_o hot_a water_n the_o liquor_n bubble_v much_o though_o the_o water_n it_o be_v immerse_v in_o do_v not_o boil_v the_o receiver_n be_v soon_o full_a of_o air_n and_o then_o though_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o boil_a water_n the_o liquor_n do_v not_o bubble_n the_o flesh_n be_v pleasant_a and_o tender_a so_o that_o water_n as_o well_o as_o beer_n may_v help_v to_o preserve_v flesh_n experiment_n xii_o nou._n 29._o 78._o oyster_n be_v shut_v in_o one_o receiver_n without_o their_o shell_n oyster_n oyster_n in_o another_o they_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o their_o shell_n with_o common_a air_n and_o in_o a_o three_o with_o salt-water_n these_o three_o be_v close_v up_o with_o screw_n 3_o oyster_n in_o their_o shell_n and_o 8_o take_v out_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la where_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v those_o which_o be_v without_o their_o shell_n emit_v large_a bubble_n one_o of_o the_o other_o open_v the_o shell_n nou._n 30._o the_o mercury_n in_o vacuo_fw-la ascend_v a_o little_a but_o in_o those_o 3_o which_o be_v stop_v with_o screw_n it_o descend_v rather_o decemb._n 4._o the_o wether_n grow_v warm_a the_o mercury_n in_o the_o first_o receiver_n be_v 7_o digit_n in_o the_o second_o 0._o in_o the_o three_o 3._o in_o the_o four_o 3._o dec._n 5._o in_o the_o first_o 20._o in_o the_o second_o 1._o in_o the_o three_o 3._o in_o the_o four_o 5._o dec._n 7._o in_o the_o first_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 30._o in_o the_o second_o 1_o digit_fw-la in_o the_o three_o 3._o in_o the_o four_o 8._o other_o oyster_n leave_v in_o the_o open_a air_n begin_v to_o smell_v ill_o dec._n 9_o in_o the_o first_o it_o be_v 30_o in_o the_o four_o 11._o in_o the_o rest_v no_o change_n dec._n 13._o in_o the_o four_o it_o be_v 14_o inch_n high_a dec._n 20._o in_o the_o first_o it_o be_v 46._o in_o the_o four_o 24._o no_o alteration_n in_o the_o other_o dec._n 21._o in_o the_o 1_o st_z 52._o in_o the_o 4_o the_o 25._o no_o alteration_n in_o the_o other_o dec._n 22._o in_o the_o 1_o st_z 60._o in_o 4_o the_o 27._o no_o alteration_n in_o the_o rest_n dec._n 27._o in_o the_o 4_o the_o 29._o no_o alteration_n in_o the_o rest_n jan._n 7._o 79._o the_o oyster_n in_o the_o three_o receiver_n have_v colour_a the_o water_n black_a jan._n 25._o some_o bubble_n be_v form_v in_o the_o turpentine_n about_o the_o commissure_v of_o the_o receiver_n and_o cover_n of_o that_o which_o be_v exhaust_v the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v not_o alter_v but_o the_o oyster_n be_v take_v out_o stink_v those_o in_o the_o other_o receiver_n stink_v and_o be_v turn_v to_o a_o viscous_a jelly_n from_o this_o experiment_n it_o seem_v to_o follow_v that_o fish_n yield_v not_o so_o much_o air_n as_o flesh_n yet_o they_o will_v corrupt_v though_o not_o affect_v by_o the_o outward_a air._n experiment_n xiii_o nou._n 29._o 78._o butter_n a_o vessel_n of_o fresh_a butter_n a_o glass_n vessel_n fill_v with_o fresh_a butter_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n with_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n nou._n 30._o the_o butter_n be_v in_o the_o night_n condense_v by_o cold_a the_o mercury_n sink_v a_o little_a decemb._n 2._o the_o cold_a increase_n the_o mercury_n sink_v sensible_o decemb._n 5._o the_o cold_a grow_n more_o remiss_a the_o mercury_n ascend_v almost_o to_o its_o former_a height_n some_o of_o the_o same_o butter_n have_v be_v all_o the_o time_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n smell_v ill_o decemb._n 7._o the_o cold_a come_n on_o again_o the_o mercury_n return_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o gage_n the_o butter_n in_o the_o open_a air_n smell_v worse_a decemb._n 24._o the_o butter_n have_v yield_v no_o air_n but_o be_v all_o of_o a_o grateful_a taste_n except_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o leather_n so_o that_o butter_n may_v be_v preserve_v a_o long_a time_n if_o preserve_v from_o the_o contact_n of_o air._n experiment_n fourteen_o nou._n 30._o 78._o oyster_n whiting_n and_o oyster_n one_o receiver_n be_v fill_v with_o whiting_n and_o wine_n another_z with_o whiting_n and_o oyster_n when_o the_o screw_n be_v set_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n be_v compress_v but_o in_o 3_o hour_n return_v to_o its_o former_a mark_n decemb._n 2._o the_o cold_a increase_n the_o mercury_n sink_v in_o both_o decemb._n 4._o the_o cold_a cease_v and_o the_o mercury_n ascend_v in_o that_o receiver_n which_o contain_v the_o oyster_n decemb._n 5._o in_o that_o which_o hold_v the_o oyster_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 20_o digit_n decemb._n 7._o it_o rise_v to_o 40_o digit_n dec._n 9_o no_o alteration_n in_o either_o that_o in_o which_o the_o wine_n be_v contain_v remain_v still_o below_o its_o first_o height_n decemb._n 20._o the_o content_n of_o both_o stink_v but_o what_o be_v remarkable_a in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o there_o be_v corruption_n without_o a_o generation_n of_o air_n in_o that_o receiver_n which_o contain_v the_o wine_n experiment_n xv._o decemb._n 3.78_o cloves_n raw_a beef_n with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n raw_a beef_n with_o pepper_n and_o cloves_n be_v put_v into_o two_o large_a receiver_n and_o as_o much_o beer_n add_v as_o fill_v the_o remain_v space_n in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n grow_v more_o remiss_a the_o mercury_n come_v almost_o to_o the_o open_a end_n of_o the_o gage_n decemb._n 8._o the_o mercury_n ascend_v not_o the_o beef_n be_v take_v out_o of_o one_o to_o be_v boil_v have_v acquire_v a_o sweet_a smell_n from_o the_o clove_n and_o the_o liquor_n smell_v like_o hippocras_n jan._n 2._o 79._o the_o other_o receiver_n be_v open_v no_o air_n be_v produce_v the_o flesh_n be_v uncorrupted_a and_o be_v boil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o a_o intense_a fire_n i_o observe_v air_n or_o spirit_n break_v out_o at_o the_o stop-cock_n fasten_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v cool_v the_o next_o day_n it_o be_v almost_o void_a of_o air_n the_o flesh_n be_v tender_a and_o well_o taste_v only_o it_o be_v boil_v a_o little_a too_o much_o have_v be_v on_o the_o fire_n six_o hour_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o beer_n impregnate_v with_o aromatics_n will_v preserve_v flesh_n experiment_n xvi_o decemb._n 4.78_o beef_n lark_n with_o beef_n two_o lark_n with_o some_o beef_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n with_o as_o much_o ale_n as_o fill_v up_o the_o space_n not_o possess_v by_o they_o another_o be_v fill_v with_o beef_n alone_o and_o a_o mixture_n of_o beer_n and_o ale_n decemb._n 9_o some_o piece_n of_o the_o lark_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o smell_v ill_a but_o those_o in_o the_o receiver_n have_v not_o yield_v air_n enough_o to_o sustain_v 5_o digit_n of_o mercury_n in_o the_o other_o receiver_n no_o air_n be_v generate_v decemb._n 19_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n which_o hold_v the_o lark_n be_v break_v liquor_n run_v out_o the_o beef_n and_o lark_n be_v uncorrupt_a and_o be_v boil_v taste_v grateful_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o beef_n be_v make_v pleasant_a by_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o lark_n and_o beer_n decemb._n 23._o the_o other_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o boil_v flesh_n seem_v pleasant_a hence_o it_o appear_v that_o bird_n may_v be_v preserve_v long_o in_o beer_n and_o ale_n experiment_n xvii_o decemb._n 14._o one_o receiver_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o whole_a apple_n etc._n apple_n and_o sugar_n etc._n etc._n and_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o powder_a sugar_n a_o second_o be_v fill_v with_o a_o apple_n cut_v in_o piece_n and_o sugar_n a_o three_o be_v fill_v with_o a_o apple_n cut_v in_o piece_n and_o water_n with_o a_o 1_o 10_o