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water_n	pint_n	put_v	sugar_n	3,511	5	10.3779	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A31747	New experiments upon vipers containing also an exact description of all the parts of a viper, the seat of its poyson, and the several effects thereof, together with the exquisite remedies, that by the skilful may be drawn from vipers, as well for the cure of their bitings, as for that of other maladies / originally written in French by M. Charas of Paris ; now rendred English.; Nouvelles expériences sur la vipère. English	Charas, Moyse, 1619-1698.	1670 (1670)	Wing C2037; ESTC R11562	84,923	245

as many Livers of Vipers dry'd in the shade and reduced to powder two drachmes of good Cinnamon half a drachme of Cloves grosly beaten put them into a strong glass-bottle holding about two pints Powr on it a pound of the Queen of Hungary's Water a pound of melisse-Melisse-water half a pound of orange-flower-Orange-flower-water and half a pound of rose-Rose-water Close the bottle exactly and expose it to the Sun for fourty dayes after which dissolve in the liquor a pound of fine Sugar and pass all through a clean bagg Put up this Elixir in a Bottle and add to it half an ounce of the Volatil Salt of Vipers well rectified twelve grains of Levant-Musk and as much of Amber-gris Close the bottle exactly and you may keep this Elixir to use it in time of need from half a spoonfull to a whole You may take of it in the morning upon an empty Stomack and at all hours according as necessity shall require This medicin is very good and very convenient It is not onely proper against all Poysons against the Plague and all Contagious and Epidemical diseases but it also fortifieth all the noble parts preserves the Natural heat in good condition and by this means the use of it conduces much to preserve Health and to prolong Life The Elixir following deserveth also to be communicated to the Public as a medicine that is not common and is very available not onely for the Sicknesses of men as well in the Brain as the stomack and all the noble parts but also very particularly for most of the diseases of Women I shall give you here the Description of it Take an ounce of good Saffron as much of fair Myrrhe as much of Aloes Socotrina and the same quantity of White Amber a drachm of the Extract of Opium and as much of the Extract of Castor Mingle your Extracts in a little Spirit of Wine pulverize all the rest and put altogether in a Glass-Body powr upon it three pounds of Spirit of wine tartarized place the Body in a Bath of Ashes fit an Head to it with its Recipient well luted together Give it a moderate fire and draw from it about the moiety of the Spirit of Wine then unlute your vessels decant the tincture that will swim above your powders which will be found very much imbued with all their qualities and keep it by itself in a bottle well-closed Powre the Spirit of Wine which you have drawn off upon the remainder in the Body Fit again to it the Head and the Recipient and draw again from it the half of the Spirit of Wine Decant again the tincture swimming a top mingle it with the first and keep it likewise Cohobate for the third time the Spirit of wine drawn off upon the remainder in the Body proceed as before and powre off the tincture swimming a top and mingle it with the former then filter all three together and powre all into a strong Viall adding to the whole an ounce of the Volatil Salt of Vipers which will easily dissolve in it keep the whole thus mix't and well closed The dose may be from ten to sixteen drops We shall yet adde to this an Opiate of great efficacy for most distempers of the Brain and t is this Take half an ounce of the Extract of the root and seed of the male-Paeony and of the true Misseltoe of the Oak and of that of Betony-flowers and of that of Clove-gilly-flowers the same quantity of each of them three drachms of the Confection of Alkermes of Mesue three drachms of the Volatil Salt of Vipers one drachme of the Volatil Salt of Succinum two drachms and an half of prepared Pearl and as much of Crabs-eyes prepar'd three drops of Cinamon-oyle and as much of the oyle of Mace Mingle all according to Art and make an Opiate of it and keep it in a pot of Fayence a sort of fine white Earthen pots well closed The dose of it may be from a scruple to a drachme You may also make in the following manner an opening and laxative Opiate that shall conduce to the cure of sundry long and stubborn diseases especially of those that are caused by several obstructions of the parts Take of the Conserve of Tamarisk-flowers of the Conserve of the Flowers of Genista or Spanish-Broom of that of Mary-gold and of that of the Male-peach flowers of each six drachms half an ounce of the Volatil Salt of Vipers as much of the Extract of the ordinary Iris root and as much of the Extract of Rubarb two drachms of the fix't Salt of Vipers as much of the Mineral Bezoar and as much of the Salt of Worm-wood a drachme and an half of Rosin of Scammony and as much of the Extract of Coloquintida and a drachme of the powder of Cinnamon Mix all these things together and adding to it as much as needs of the Syrup of Succory compounded with Rubarb you shall make an Opiate of it the Dose of which may be from one drachme to two and even to three for stronger Bodies There may also be made Pills that shall have a vertue near the former in efficacy to be taken in a less quantity Take of the Extract of Aloes made with the juyce of the cleansed flowers of Violets of the Extract of Rubarb and of that of the Levant-Sena of each two drachms as much of the Volatil Salt of Vipers as much of the Rosin of Scammony and as much of the Gumm Ammoniac in drops one drachme of Mineral Bezoar and the like quanitty of the Fixt Salt of Vipers Reduce all into a mass of Pills of which the dose shall be from half a scruple to two scruples Those whose stomach shall be troubled with tenacious humors such as could not be carryed away by Purges or other remedies those that have a nauseousness and are subject to troublesome resentments from the Stomach may to good purpose use the following powder Take of Coriander-seed that is not prepared with Vinegar according to the ill way of the Antients but such as is sold in good shops of Anis-seed of sweet Fennel-seed of the root of Lickorish well scraped and dryed of each half anounce three drachms of the Volatil Salt of Vipers and as much of Crabs-eyes prepared two drachms of the Fixt Salt of Vipers and as much of well-chosen Cinamon Bring all to a fine powder and adde to it its weight or if you will double its weight of fine powder'd sugar Close this mixture in a Glass-vessel or in one of the fine white Earthen pots and close it carefully You may take of it at a time from half a spoonfull to a whole according as you have put more or less Sugar to it You may also adde to the powder some drops of the Oyl of Anis and of the Oyl of Cinnamon and even of Musk and Ambre-gris This Volatil Salt is to very good purpose mix't among the Sneezing powders for besides that it penetrates exceedingly by its activeness it also discharges the Brain powerfully and withall fortifieth it It may be mixed with the powders of Betony Marjoram Rosemary Arabic Staechas Sage and the like not putting but a sixth part of our Volatil Salt among these powders Those that would have an Opiate proper not onely to fortify the Heart the Stomach and all the noble parts but also to expell all kind of Venom and all the impurities of the mass of Bloud and of the solid parts and to make them issue out at the pores of the skin or at the other emunctories may prepare very beneficially the following Opiate Take two ounces of the Conserve of Gilly-flowers one ounce of the Confection of Alkermes ambred and musked six drachms of the Volatile Salt of Vipers well rectified half an ounce of the Confection of Hyacinth as much of the Electuary of Diascordium three drachmes of the Mineral Bezoar and of Pearl prepar'd of Crabs-eyes prepared of the Extract of Angelica and of that of Carlina of each of these the same quantity two drachms of the Salt of Carduus Benedictus Mix all together and reduce it to an Opiate by adding to it some Syrup of kermes or the Clove-Gilly-flowers as much as needs to give a good consistence to the Composition Which you are to keep close for your occasions You may take of it for a preservative half a drachm at a time in Wine or broth but in urging sicknesses you may take of it a whole drachme and even two drachms Those that will use the Oyl which hath been drawn by Distillation may either employ it all alone or mingle it with an equal quantity of Unguentum Martiatum and even adde to it Oyles distilled of Rosemary Sage Lavender and the like Those that shall well consider these Receipts will finde therein not onely a fit proportion in the dose of all the particulars but also great cautiousness in mixing nothing with them that may destroy or change the natnre of our Volatil Salt which is the thing most to be avoided in the exhibition We might here adde many other Compositions of which the Volatil Salt of Vipers may be the Ground but we have contented ourselves to deliver these for examples knowing that there may be found divers others good enough in Books and esteeming that 't is better to prepare them upon occasion according to exigency and following the Receipts which able Physitians may prescribe thereof We have also explain'd ourselves sufficiently in all particulars We would have been more large if we had not apprehended we might exceed our bounds and undertake things which might be thought to be beyond our reach and to belong onely to knowing Physitians Those that know well to prepare this Volatil Salt of Vipers and to unite it well with the Volatil parts of Plants and with the Sulphureous parts of certain Minerals that are friendly to our nature may say that they have made some progress in their Profession We labour daily and wish our selves able in time to impart something to the publick that may be more accomplisht FINIS

in the Cucurbite put them into a glass-retort well luted and set this into a reverberating furnace dapt and exactly lute to it a great Recipient and give it a fire increased by degrees and hotter about the end to obtain the Volatile Spirit Salt and Oyle that could not rise by the fire of the Balneum which are to be separated and rectifyed as we shall say hereafter Then take a portion of this Volatile Salt well rectified and dissolve it in distilled water and keep it carefully in a well stopp'd bottle as an excellent remedy of which you may increase or diminish the dose according to persons and occasions and according as you shall have dissolved more or less of the Volatile Salt in it Upon this occasion I thought fit to advertise those who distill Capons Partridges slices of Veal or other parts of Animals in a Glass-limbec as the custom is and who employ for that purpose the fire of a Balneum or that of Sand or Ashes that by a moderate fire they cannot make rise almost any thing but useless flegm and that not being able to increase the fire without making the distilled water smell of the Empyreuma they would succeed better if in this they did what I was just now saying of the water and volatile Salt of Vipers and if they joyn'd their water with the volatile Salt of the distilled Animals in which resides the chief vertue Those that have no mind to take so much pains shall do better not to give distilled waters to their Patients as the custom is since they have no vertue at all if none be communicated to them by the volatil Salt of the Animal As to the Trochisques the Antients have as ill invented and as ill ordered them as the Powder For not to stay to blame here as I have done elsewhere the whipping which they used and which was not onely useless but also very noxious I shall say in a few words that the decoction they made of the body of the Viper in Water with Salt and Anise till the flesh would sever from the bones which they afterwards cast away as well as the broth was not a Preparation of the flesh of the Viper but rather a destruction since it was made to leave its principal vertue in the broth and that they weaken'd it yet more by incorporating it with very dry bread of which the proportion of a fifth to four times as much weight of flesh though but little in appearance came yet to a moiety since that four ounces of this flesh and one ounce of bread which was so dry that it could not be lessened make onely two ounces of Trochisques when they are well dry'd This we have more at large examined in our Treatise of the Theriaque and because their fault is very easily understood I shall insist on it no farther nor on their reasons for making use of Boyling to correct a malignity in the flesh of which there is none and to be able to sever it from the bones which they believe naught or at least unusefull which yet are very good forasmuch as all their reasons are sufficiently refuted in the same Book and because they are yet more so by what we have establish'd in this And although it be not alwayes necessary to make Trochisques of Vipers since we might be without them yet there being some use of them and to preserve their name you may take a little Gumm Arabique very white and pure and reduce it to powder and infuse it in good Malvasy till it be well dissolv'd and the wine somewhat tinged thereof then take of the powder of Viper prepar'd as we have lately directed and incorporate it with a sufficient quantity of this gumm'd Malvasy braying them together in a Marble-mortar with a woodden-pestle and so reduce the whole into a somewhat solid paste whereof make Trochisques of the size and shape you please and dry them in the shade upon a hair-sive I said that we might be without Trochisques because that having the Powder which they are made of that may suffice for our uses but there is one inconveniency in the Powder in that it will scarce keep any considerable time espeally if it be not well stopt up and if besides some art be not used to hinder the breeding of worms in it Whereas Trochisques being made compleat by the addition of Malvasy and by the close compression of the parts of the Powder they are not so easily penetrated by the Air nor so subject to corruption The Trochisques being dry they may be slightly rubbed over with a little Balsom of Peru which will give them a good scent and help to preserve them The Use both of the Powder and Trochisques is excellent and alike but the Trochisques are to be reduced into powder when they are to be used Neither of them have an ill taste and they contain all the vertues we have ascribed to the Flesh of Vipers as having lost nothing in drying made without the heat of the Sun-beams but a superfluous moisture which could serve for nothing but corrupt them if it had remained They may be given in cordial waters broths wine or some fit decoction or you may make Bolus's of them with Syrrups Conserves or Cordial Confections or turn them into tablets with sugar Their main effect is to purify open penetrate and to drive to the extremities of bodies all venom corruptions impurities superfluities and they may be very beneficially used in many occasions for divers maladies without the fear of any ill success For both have this quality that they do alwayes some good but never any harm Their dose is from a Scruple to a drachm or two and they may be given to all ages and sexes and at all times CHAPT V. Of the Salt of Vipers made by the Ancients AMong many different Preparations of the Salt of Vipers made by the Ancients of which we finde the descriptions in their Books there is none more famous nor that hath been longer in use than one that is very ample and much enriched by many Alexiterial remedies whence t is also that they gave to this Salt the name of Theriacal But having considered this pompous Preparation we do not wonder that a much esteemed Author hath not given it his approbation since we cannot finde any thing in it that is according to rule or reason no more than there is in the rest We finde that the sentiments of that Author proceed from an understanding so judicious and so knowing that we cannot but subscribe to them almost in all For in the Calcination they used there remain'd nothing but the fix't Salt which contains but very little vertue Vipers as all sorts of Animals having but little of Fixt Salt whereas they have much of the Volatile which soon riseth in the Calcination and carries away with it the principal and the most essential vertue of the Animal They were also much mistaken when they thought that four

Vipers which they burn'd with fourty pounds of Sea-salt or Sal Gemmae or Sal Ammoniac as some would have it and with a great quantity of Simples should communicate great vertues to these Salts and these Coales For in the Calcination which they used to make in an earthen pot luted with its cover on and yet in one place pierced the Volatil Salt of the four Vipers would certainly fly quickly away and if it had stay'd which yet we do not grant and there had been half an ounce of it which is a quantity beyond what the four greatest Vipers could yield what I pray would that be to 40. pounds of Sea-salt and to many pounds of Coales more than a small rivolet mingled with the Ocean But as to the fixt Salt four Vipers are not able to afford half a Scruple of it 'T is also certain that both the Sea-salt and Sal gemme do not perish in the Calcination but still remain there But if ordinary Salt Ammoniac be employed the Urinous and Volatile part which is in that Salt will not fail to make its escape as well as the Volatile Salt of Vipers and there will onely remain the fixt Saline part of the Salt Ammoniac mix't with some terrestrial parts which is that we finde in the Distillation after we have driven out all the Volatile Salt of which afterwards changing the vessel and the fire we draw an acid spirit very much approaching to that we draw out of Sea-Salt by wayes almost like these Artists know also that Herbs Wood Horns Bones and other such like matters if they should be calcined in an earthen pot luted and covered though a hole were left in the cover would alwayes be afterwards found in the form of very black coales although they had endured a great fire and that the Salt cannot be separated from them unless they be calcin'd again in an open vessel or they being reduced to ashes the Salt be then sever'd from them by a Lixivium and by Filtration On which occasion we relate an Example of an imperfect Calcination which is naturally made in the Earth about the Summer-Solstice of the end of the root of many Plants and among others of Mugwort and Plantatin on which end the subterraneous Fire or if you will the Fire of the Sun working and yet being surrounded by the Earth which is to the root what the earthen pot luted is to the Vipers and to the Mixts that were shut up with them burns it and reduces it to coales but cannot turn it to ashes I have often found this to be true and lighted upon a little coal at the end of the root of those Plants at the time above-mentioned So that although the Fixt Salt of the added be Simples in the Coales yet it would have been more proper and more methodical to have quite calcined those coales to reduce them to ashes and so to draw from them and to purify the Salt for use than to make people swallow the gross earthy and useless part of these coales Those Antients added to this pretended Salt calcin'd the powder of many Alexiterial Druggs which not being devested of their vertue by any calcination may communicate and even alone furnish the greatest part of the good qualities by them ascribed to this Salt And 't is upon the account of these principally that the name of Theriacal may belong to it which impertinently would be attributed to the Vipers since they have lost their prime vertue in the Calcination This Preparation of Theriacal Salt doth sufficiently shew us that the Antients did not take pains to know the inward parts of which mix't bodies are compounded and that they did not well know the nature of the poyson of Vipers of which they imagin'd they should be infected by the fumes proceeding from their Calcination although none could come from them when there was none as we have made appear And although the smell as well of the Vipers as of the Simples were troublesome whilst they burned yet they were not therefore at all venomous The little knowledge which the Antients had and many Moderns still have of the nature of the two Salts in Vipers hath led them into a great fault viz. to calcine the bones of Vipers to draw from thence as they thought the true Salt of Vipers which they were not at all like to finde after they had dissipated it by Calcination The first fault hath drawn after it a second for the small quantity of fix't Salt they found in them not much satisfying them carried those that had no great sense of honour or conscience to a very great abuse which was to mix among those calcin'd bones a great quantity of Sea-salt to dissolve this Salt and and to boyle all together in water to filter and coagulate it and to sell at a great rate this Counterfeit salt for true Salt of Vipers But to accommodate ourselves to those who intending better will make no ill use of it and to furnish them with a pleasing Salt for those that may desire it for ordinary use we shall here deliver the way of preparing a Salt of Viper that shall have much vertue the method of which shall be very easy and the use very convenient Take three dozen of great Vipers well chosen cut off their heads and tails flea them and empty the bodies of all their entrals and wash them well together with the Heart and Liver Boyl all together in ten pints of common water so long till all be perfectly boyled Then strain it and squeese well all the parts and in this decoction dissolve four pounds of Sea-salt and carefully filter it afterwards coagulate or if you will chrystallize this Salt which will be found white and abounding with the vertue of the Vipers and of no ill taste at all which you may use in all things as common Salt And to shew that these boyled and squeesed parts have left much of their vertue in the Decoction and yet that they have not left all and that still there remains some of it principally in the Bones lay them abroad and dry them and then distill them and you will draw from them especially from the Bones a Volatile Salt and oyl but in much less quantity then if they had not been boyld If you would have a Viper-Salt of more vertue and that might even be call'd Theriacal you must proceed after the same manner as hath been lately set down but in stead of Seal-Salt take a like quantity of Salt drawn from Alexiterial and Theriacal Plants as the roots of Valerian Imperatoria Angelica Leaves of Scordium the little Centaurium Carduus Benedictus and the like 'T is true that this Salt is a little more displeasing to the taste than the former but it may produce more considerable effects and be used in extraordinary occasions These sorts of Salt have indeed good vertue and are convenient for lasting especially the two first But the Volatile Salt hath something