takes not onely water but confects Juleps of juices infusions and decoctions And the vulgarity of men call all limpid dulcorate Potions Julens whether they be made of distilled waters onely or of the decoction of a few sweet simples and much water percolated clarified Julepus zizyphorum and dulcorated such as the Julep or rather Syrup of Jujubs for when it is made of a hundred great Jujubs and four pounds of water cocted to the half and one pound of sugar it acquires a more crass consistency than a Julep and therefore when it comes to be used it requires dilution in simple water cocted or in a Prisane whereas a Julep is limnid enough of it self And that same Syrup which from its frequent use there derives its name from Alexandria Syrupus Alexandrinus is improperly called a Julep since it is as much inspissiated by coction and as long kept as any Syrup Now the Julep of Roses is right made when it consists of Rose-water with half as much Sugar cocted almost to the crassitude of a Syrup or little less if it be presently to be assumed as vulgar Juleps Julepus rosatus qui fiat which are made for present use of Sugar or some Syrup with thrice its quantity of water as â„ž The water of Endive â„¥ iij. Syrup of Limons â„¥ j. mingle them Thus Juleps should be of a more liquid consistency that they may be percolated but those that are longer cocted or receive onely a double quantity of Water to their Sugar as the syrup of Roses Syrupus Rosareus Rondeletii according to Rondeletius or an equal weight of both according to Sylvius are because of their crassitude scarce fluid and admit not of percolation Therefore according to the different coction and quantity of Water to the Sugar it will be a Syrup if both be equal or a Julep if three parts of Water be put to one of Sugar according to Loubertus Since Juleps are easy to make I shall onely describe one or two forms â„ž of the waters of Fumatory and Wood sorrel an â„¥ ij of Sugar â„¥ j. boyl them on a gentie fire till one ounce be consumed make it into a Julep for one dose An Hypnotical Julep to conciliate sleep may be thus made â„ž The water of Water lillyes Ê’ ij of Betony â„¥ j. Syrup of Poppyes simple â„¥ j. drink it at the hour of sleep which is at nine of the clock at night CHAP. V. Of distilled Restoratives ALL analeptical and restorative Medicaments which refocillate the habit of the body absumed by long disease or hunger which are prescribed to resartiate the vigour of the faculties weakned with languor are not onely taken from medicinal but alimental matter For whereas they conduce partly to the nutriment of the body and partly to the cure of the part affected it is manifest by reason that they should be endued with various qualities Now they are called distilled Medicaments Distillata cur dicta because they are distilled drop by drop from an Alembick into a subjected Vessel and Restoratives because they are extracted from nutritive flesh from Conserves Cordial Powders and all such things as either by their odour or substance refresh the spirits or roborate the principal parts Many disapprove of the custome of the ancients who distilled the raw flesh of Capons or Partridges purged from their bones and fatnesse together with the powders and conserves for seeing raw flesh is hardly concocted and the faculty of the powders easily and dissipable with what reason are these mixed especially seeing that the water first distilling from the crude flesh corrupts soon they seem to do better that put the flesh halfe cocted and its own juice into the Alembick with the other materialls Neither do we approve of their action Catenarum aurcarum decoctio non utilis who coct golden chains together with the flesh seeing nothing of them is dissolved nor yet extracted from them save that filth they have contracted by touching Their custome is more laudable who cast filings of Gold into coction as the Apothecaryes of Paris use to do who spare no cost that they may confect their restoratives and other compounds well This solemn and excellent distillation may be thus accomplished â„ž Of the broth of one Capon and 2. Partridge lb. ij of the waters of Buglosse Wood Sorrell and Water-Lillyes of each as much as will suffice of the Conserve of violets succory and roses of each â„¥ ij Pulveris Diamargariti frigidi Electuarii triasantali diarrhodonis Abbatis an â„¥ j. Troches of Camphor â„¥ ij filings of GoldÊ’ j. ss put them all into an Alembeck and after convenient maceration let them be distilled according to Art The description of another distillation excellent against hot and malignant feavers â„ž Of the waters of Wood sorrell Goates-beard Carduus Succory of each â„¥ iiij Cock broth lb. j. Conserve of Water-Lillyes Roses of each â„¥ j. Treacle â„¥ ss of the powder of the roots of Angelico and Termentill of eachÊ’ ij Dictamus â„¥ j. Carduus and Citron-seeds of eachÊ’ ij Sage and Orange flowers of each p. iij. put all these into a still and according to Art proceed to the distillation You may adde to a portion of this same distillation when you would use it some fit liquor as the juice of Lemmons or Orenges with a little common sugar or conserve of Roses if the sick desire it CHAP. VI. Of Decoction or Apozemes GErmany indeed that I may a little decline from the rode is happy in that it is not only a nursery of famous men but a treasure also of precious things Yet as the frugiferous tree brings forth with fragrant Apples blasted blossomes and sometimes pestiferous fruits so hath she produced a very Monster in nature I mean that Pseudomedick Paracelsus who professed the Devill the Authour of his Medicine calling his characters and words the Devils Art our syrups and decoctions mans inventions Herophilus the ancient Philosopher denoted these as also all Medicaments with more sanctity calling them the Auxiliatory hand of the Gods which being indued with divine and admirable faculties are able to cure the diseased and preserve the sound body Upon this account Heraclitus famous also amongst Philosophers was wont to call sacrifices Medicaments because they like some praepotent Physick purge the soul as medicaments do the body Cael. Rhod. cap. 2. lib. 12. The Impostor said truely when he called decoctions mans medicaments for herewith the quality of the peccant humours is tempered many pains eased the violence of the untimely guest death abated the acerbity of the symptomes mitigated and the parts reduced to their native bonity and vigour for they are made of all kinds but especially of alterative and roborative Medicaments wherein sometimes some benign purgative simples are infused in small quantity for it were absurd to call any blackish ingratefull laxative decoction wherein much Senny or half an ounce of some electuary as Catholicum or some lenitive hath
dry or moist the dry distillation is made in a furnace sometimes by the intervent of Coals sometimes of Sand and sometimes of hot ashes the humid is made in St. Maries Bath Now there are as many varieties of Baths and Furnaces as there are different wayes of distillation so that they can scarce be complected But now we shall briefly explicate how the most usual Oyls are elicited CHAP. 7. Oleum de Lateribus or Oyl of Bricks LEt inveterate Bricks broken into small pieces be burned on accended coals till they be red-hot then inject and dimit them into clear and old Oyl till they be filled therewith then beat them into powder and put the powder in a vitreous Cucurbite on which impose a rostrated Alembick and place it in a furnace duly structed accend the fire underneath it and keep the Oyl that flows from it The Bricks that are made of old earth should be selected as best which should be broken into crasser pieces of the weight of Ê’ vj. or â„¥ j. which after ignition must be extinguished in clear antique Oyl or Oyl of Rosemary if it may be spared and pulverated very small then injected into a vitreous Cucurbite well adapted to the furnace and bedaubed with clay that the powder may therein calefie by the fire under it and exude this Oyl which is diversly denominated for some Medicks call it rightly Oyl of Bricks others improperly Artificial Petreol in opposition to the Natural which distils spontaneously out of Rocks others by a more special Nomenclature call it The Holy Divine and Blessed Oyl The Alchymists do more arrogantly call it The Oyl of Magisteries and the Philosophers Oyl whom therefore Sylvius derides because they onely call themselves Philosophers in their daily speech and writings affirming themselves the sole Philosophers seeking that nominally which they cannot attain really This Oyl extenuates penetrates digests Vires and absumes all excrementitious matter conduces to the cold affections of the Spleen Reins Bladder Nerves Uterus and Articles it cures also the Lethargie Palsey and Epilepsie It is hot in the third degree and by so much more efficacious by how much more antique CHAP. 8. Oleum Vitrioliâ— or Oyl of Vitriol TEn or twelve pounds of Vitriol may be injected into a vitreous vessel obduced with clay and set on the fire till its phlegm be extilled then it should be taken off and brayed and purged from its phlegm which should be again iterated till no phlegm would emanate but the spirits leap out then should it be taken off the fire and its red calx taken pulverated and imposed in a crooked or rather straight Cucurbite whereunto an ample Recipient should be adapted and diligently conjoyned with clay and the Oyl distilled by a luculent fire continuing both night and day when all is cold the whole Liquor exempted and imposed in a vitreous vial first the insipid water then the acid which they call Oyl may be segregated from the sediment If this Oyl be often imbrued in its phlegm or the circulation of the spirit of wine it will be sweet for Alchymists mix an equal quantity of this and this Oyl then they digest and evoke them out of a singular Vial till the Alome being separated from the Sulphur of the Chalcantum the Oyl remain sweet Vitriol affords many several Medicinal Remedies as Spirits Oyl both acid and sweet Salt Colchotar and a certain thing the Chymists call Balsam The Spirit of Vitriol differs from its Oyl in its preparation tenuity and active vertue for it is the more subtile liquor of Vitriol or that I may speak in their own language the quintessence thereof which is made after many manners as thus The Vitriol is agitated very much with the vehement heat of the fire within its straight Vial so that that which distils upon the pulverated earth which they call Colchotar is alwayes resunded and at length by the vehemency of the fire propelled through the crooked glass and this is the most efficacious Spirit Some distil water and Oyl together out of the best Vitriol which are crasser Spirits which they purge from their dregs till they be attenuated into subtiler Spirits But they are better elicited while they are driven through a new Alembick by affunding the extillatitious liquor alwayes upon the dead head and then circulating it a whole week The common Oyl of Vitriol is educed after this vulgar manner A certain quantity of natural and good Cyprian Vitriol is taken calcinated in a vessel of Copper till it be quite red and its phlegm dissipated then it is brayed and included in a Cucurbite obduced with clay irrigated with Aqua-vitae and so left for a day then it is collocated and setled in a furnace duly structed and at first a modorate then a vehement fire accended under it that all its liquor may extil which after refrigeration is put in a small Cucurbite coarctated with a capitel and so its aqueous liquor stills in S. Maries Bath and its pure Oyl remains in the bottome of the vessel which is again put into another Cucurbite circumcinged with accended fire that it may be better and more throughly purged It s colour is more or less red or white as its efficacy and calour is more or less moderate â„¥ iij. of Oyl may be elicited out of lb j. of rubefied Vitriol All the qualities of the Oyl of Vitriol are so intense Vires that it cannot be assumed alone but mixed with some water decoction or fit conserve and though it be exceeding hot yet a few drops thereof mixed with much water become acid and both grateful and useful to the Feverish It penetrates by its tenuity carries the water to remote parts removes obstructions arceates putretude recreates the bowels and conduces much to the Pestilence Epilepsie Palsey and Strangury It doth not infect the simple decoction of Roses but the Syrupe of Violets with a purpureous and elegant acid sapour for a few drops thereof cast into an ounce of the said Syrupe will make it from violaceous purpureous CHAP. 9. Oleum Sulphuris or Oyl of Sulphur LEt a broad dish be so supposited to a suspended Campana that their brims may be distant about three fingers and let a vessel containing Sulphur which hath not yet suffered fire be put in the bottome of the dish and accended and agitated with a red-hot Iron when that is absumed let more be set on and ignited as before that out of its copious vapour erected into the Campana a concrete oleous liquor may delabe into the dish Some take an equal quantity of Sulphur and Pumice or Flint-stone brayed and putting the mixture into a crooked Cucurbite adhibit it to a moderate fire and educe most excellent Oyl thence Oyl of Sulphur is educed many more wayes for some adde Spirit of VVine to pulverated Sulphur and accend them when the water is absumed they bray the Sulphur and mix sand with it including them in a Vial and eliciting Oyl by
above This Prescription is accommodate to stay both fluxes to wit of Flowers and Hemorthoides â„ž Shepherds purse Knot-grass Mouse-ear Plantain ana m. j. Roses m. ij Balaustians m. j. boyl them in Bean cod water let the vapour enter in at the genitals This will asswage and allay the dolour of the Hemorrhoides â„ž Mullein m. ij Marsh-mallows m. j. Linseed â„¥ ss boyl them in milk and whil'st they are hot put them in a stool-pan and sit upon it that the vapour may ingrede the fundament CHAP. IV. Of an Hypocaust or Sudatory AN Hypocaust is a place made like a little Fornace Hypocaustum quid wherein sweat is procured by dry heat ascending through like Spiracles from the fire set under it It is called by another name to wit Unde dicatur Laconicum Ejus usus Laconicum because the Laconians chiefly used it as the Romanes did baths It conduces much in frigid and diuturnal diseases for seeing its fervid and sharp heat doth not onely calefy the external habit of the body but the very praecordia and internals also it potently opens the passages calefies melts and by sweat educes the humours But seeing this external calour continually thus occurring and insinuating it self into the internals doth speedily project the humours it can scarce be tolerated one quarter of an hour without dissipation of the spirits and loss of strength whereupon swoundings often follow but the more delicate and such also whose bodyeâ— are loaden with impure excrements are chieâ—â—y in danger of this delinquency Quae ingressum bypocausti praecedere debent He therefore that consults his sanity should never enâ—â—â— these Sudatories till he have by purge and phlebotomy if need be exonerated his body for so the reliques of those humours that infest his body may be easily projected by sudour The Rusticks custome is irreproveable who being destitute of an Hypocaust extracted by due and artificial industry take a Hogshead of a just magnitude and calefy it either by a fire or by setting it over a pan full of burned coals or a vessel full of hot water and set therein sweating profusely and with case without any danger of swourding Some will sit in an oven where bread is but lately drawn out put their heads onely out at the mouth thereof and so sweat abundantly Chirurgions have invented a certain Aestuary of a vimineous texture like a Bird-cage wherein they excite such to sweat as are infested with the French disease which they properly call a Cage wherein the Birds do not nourish but are nourished These miserable Wretches are included herein with hot bricks and almost suffocated till they sweat abundantly in every part of their bodyes having before drunk of the Decoction of Lignum sanctum or Sarsaparilla or some other Alexitery which will both move sweat and deleate the French disease CHAP. V. Of Fomentations FOments are so commodious that no part of the body is averse to their sanative operations Aetius prescribes this Medicament to fore eyes Trallian initio lib. 6. to the ears to the flux of the belly yea he thinks them convenient to asswage any dolour Celsus cap. 12. lib. 3. admits of Foments in Feavers and thinks they should not be omitted but by all means applyed to pleuritical hepatical splenical and arthritical persons as also to the calculative or other parts affected where the ulcer hath not dissolved the continuity nor divided the integrity For Oribasius cap. 29. lib. 9. saith they rarify the skin for transpiration attenuate the blood discuss part thereof and so operate that the parts affected are not so dolorous Foments therefore are made for many purposes as thus to roborate the ventricle â„ž Wormwood both the Mints tops of Dill Roses of each m. ij A Foment roborating the stomack Penniroyal Marjorum of each m. j. Balaustians Cyperus nuts bruised of each â„¥ j. boyl them in water with a fourth part of wine added towards the end of the Coction and foment the ventricle with sponges dipped therein as hot as can be suffered Trallian prescribes many Foments to the splenetick affections which consist of such things as roborate it or as incide and digest the humours or as change and alter its intemperance This Foment after purgation doth remove obstructions and roborate it â„ž Cetrarch or Spleen-wort Roman Wormwood Staechados A Fotus for the spleen Tamaris of each m. ij Broom flowers Jasmine of each m. j. boyl them in water and wine for a good space and to every pint of the Decoction adde Oil of Capars â„¥ iij. with which foment the part affected either with sponges or bladders filled and applyed This Foment is very good to cure the Pleurisy â„ž For the Plenrisy Marsh-mallows Mâ—llows Violets of each m. ij the flowers of Mâ—lilot and Chemomile tops of Dill of each m. j. Linseed â„¥ j. boyl these either in water or milk and foment the side either with cloaths or spunges dipped therein After the foment liniate the part with some lenitive Oil as Oil of Lillyes Almonds or Violets or else with new Butter This foment for the diseased of the Stone must be applyed to the region of the reins â„ž Fotâ—â— pro calculosis Water-cresses Pelitory Beets Violets of each m. ij Fâ—nâ—greek â„¥ ij boyl them in Hydromel and foment the reins therewith CHAP. VI. Of Epithemaes SOme make no difference betwixt a Foment and an Epithema but Fernalius rightly asserts them to be different Medicaments Differentia inter fotum epithema both from their forms and their efficacy seeing a Foment endued with many qualities may be constituted many wayes and applyed to many parts But an Epithema is chiefly eximious for two qualities to wit alterative whereby it emends some distemper and roborative or alexiterial whereby it strengthens the heart and oppugns some kinde of poyson and for the most part applyed onely to the regions of the heart and liver They consist of distilled Epithematum materia cordial and alterative waters or liquid decoctions mixed with powders of fingular virtues wherein the proportion of powder is of one scruple or half a dram to every ounce of water which we mix with a little vinegar Some Alexipharmacal Confection is sometimes diluted in stead of powders as in some pestilent season or in some malignant distemper which impairs the strength of the heart and faculties of the diseased for in such a case it is most secure to mix some Antidote or Mithridate with the Epithema This Epithema doth refrigerate and roborate the liver inflamed with a Feaver â„ž An Epithema cooling the liver of the waters of Succory Endive Water-lillyes and Plantain of each â„¥ iij. Vinegar of RosesÊ’ j. Pulvis Triasant â„¥ j. ss Diarrhadon AbbatisÊ’ j. Troches of CamphorÊ’ ss fiat Epithema and with a cloth dipped in it bathe the region of the liver An Epitheme thus confected will muniate and preserve the heart and strength of the vital faculties â„ž An Epithema to comfort
consumed Metheaglen casting away the spume as it rises and when it begins to grow cold put it into a convenient vessel in which hang a nodule of Leaven â„¥ iij. adding Cinamon Grains Pepper Ginger Cloves bruised of eachÊ’ j. set it in a place where the sun may * * * For 40 days come then preserve it in a Wine-Cellar for future use This kind of potion is most pleasent it will often keep two years in sapour and faculties it responds to Malmsey SECT IV. Of Succes dulcorated with Honey PHarmacopolies preserve some Honeys made of the infusions of Plants or of their succes compounded with Honey which from their confistence and Honey some call Syrupes of Honey but we rather from their succes which ingrede their confecture and Honey call them Melleous succes for whether the extracted succes of Plants be adjoyned to Honey or the Plants themselves be macerated in Honey their succes are alwayes mixed with Honey whence the whole mixture is rightly called A Melleous succe CHAP. 1. Mel Rosatum Lat. Rhodomeli Graec. Geleniabin Arab. or Honey of Roses â„ž Red Roses a little dryed in the shade lb ij Honey neither too old nor too new lb vj. mingle them and boyl them upon a gentle fire in a Pipkin to a good consistence and so preserve it for future use The COMMENTARY All do not prepare honey of Roses alike but many despising the descriptions of Mesue and Nic. Praepositus one while make it with fire onely another while by insolation another while by both and sometimes by none of them but onely by maceration some inject the whole Roses into the honey others bray them first some use onely the succe others both the succe and other Roses the most usual preparation is after the manner we have tradited wherein the Roses a little dryed must be macerated in honey then elixated a little afterwards exposed to the Sun and moved every third day that they may be hot on every side Whilest they are thus made and not strained they are called Honey of Rose-leaves if they be calified and strained as they are usually before they be used they are then called Honey of strained Roses and especially that that results from brayed Roses and Honey That which is made of two parts of the succe of exungated Roses and one of Honey cocted together to the absumption of the fourth part whose spume must be diligently extracted in boyling is called The liquid distrained Honey of Roses Honey of Roses cohibits hot fluxes Vires whether assumed or applied it helps deterges and roborates the stomack CHAP. 2. Mel Violatum or Honey of Violets â„ž of the fresh flowers of Violets lb j. the best Honey lb iij. mingle them in a convenient vessel with a narrow orifice insolate it and keep it for use The COMMENTARY Some to the confection of this honey bray the Violets others mix them whole being small flowers with hot honey in an carthen glazened pot then they expose the pot to the Sun for fifteen dayes each other day agitating the mixture with a rudicle then they repose it and when use calls for it mix it with a little water elixate it a little strain it and thus they get special honey of Violets others do otherwise and in Mesue's opinion it may be made like honey of Roses well but the Violets should be a little dryed or at least deprived of all acquisititious humidity and the honey should be used neither too new nor too old Honey of Violets is commended to pectoral affections it mitigates absterges refrigerates and roborates and therefore it is usefully mixed with many Glysters and Gargarisms and adhibited to deterge Ulcers CHAP. 3. Mel Anthosatum or Honey of Rosemary â„ž of the flowers of Rosemary lb j. Honey well despumed lb iij. mingle them in a Jarre-glass and set it in the Sun which after a convenient insolation preserve for future use The COMMENTARY This of Rosemary is made like them of Violets and Roses Some commend the oldest honey but I like the honey of a middle age because it is neither too dilute nor too crass This is called Mel Anthosatum because the flowers of Rosemary are for their dignity and praecellence called Anthos or flowers And seeing Rosemary flourishes twice in a year once in the Spring and once in Autumn honey of Rosemary-flowers may also be confected twice annually at the aforesaid times when its flower is fresh and fragrant for when it is dry it is almost inodorate and useless It is cephalical and nerval Vires it is a special ingredient in Glysters prescribed to the Lethargie Apoplexy and affections of the head it corrects the parts distempered by cold with its calour and dissipates flatuosity CHAP. 4. Mel Mercuriale or Honey of Mercury â„ž of the Juyce of Mercury lb iij. the best honey lb iiij mingle them and after elixation despume them and so preserve them for use The COMMENTARY They measure not honey all in the same quantity some adding more of the succe and less of honey others on the contrary and many a like weight of both We judge the honey to be more praepotent when it is made of the succe and of leaves or flowers macerated though its quantity exceed the succes It is sometimes made onely of the decoction of the leaves but this way I cannot approve of It may be equally confected of the succe of the Male as the Female Mercury for both have affine faculties and convenient for this confection To the male Mercury they referre Dogs Colewort but this honey may not be confected thereof it should be made betwixt the middle of the Spring and end of Summer for then Plants are more succulent and their qualities more efficacious Honey of Mercury serves scarce to any other use Vires save to ingrede Glysters to make them more absterfive and purgative CHAP. 5. Mel Passulatum or Honey of Raisins â„ž of Raisins purged from the stones lb ij infuse them 24 hours in lb. vj. of hot water either fountain or pluvial afterwards boyl them till half be consumed strain it with a strong expression and to lb iij. of the aforesaid Colature adde lb ij of the best honey which boyl up to a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some have described two Receipts the one with the other without honey for it may admit of honey though its Inventor Matthaeus describes it without the intervent of honey Whether way soever it be made it is very grateful to the palate and bechical and therefore justly ingredes the composition of some Eclegms There are other Medicinal honeys as the honey of Myrtle of Squills of Anacardium and that of Myrobolambs but they being of rare or no use in Medicine are seldome made We have omitted the honey of Anacardium for many causes First because the fruits whereof it is confected are exotical and very seldome brought to us Secondly because they are indued with a deletery faculty
part of the water of the decoction of Lillies to the Oyl which by slow coction they exhale and the Oyl thus made is most efficacious and fit to be reposed for use for by its ternal maceration insolation and expression it acquires more vertue It calefies moderately Vires resolves allayes dolours from what cause soever mitigates all acrimony and tempers all the ardours and dolours of the Breast Ventricle Reins Uterus and Bladder CHAP. 8. Oleum Nenupharinum or Oyl of Water-Lillies â„ž washed Oyl lb v. the flowers of Water-Lillies purged from their herbaceous part without their filaments within lb ij of the decoction of the same flowers lb j. and â„¥ iiij let these be reposed in a fit vessel insolated and expressed and this reiterated three times as before described The COMMENTARY This Oyl is made after the same manner with that of Violets The Oyl whether mature or immature must be first washed for Mesue gives neither definitively However the immature is more convenient and accommodate then the other in which the flowers of the white not luteous Water-Lilly must be macerated and infused for a Senate then must the whole be a little fervefied and expressed having before received one pound and three ounces of the water of the decoction of white Water-Lilly-flowers when all this is again iterated and the aqueous humidity exhaled by a slow fire the Oyl expressed is duly made and may be reposed for use But that the decoction which should be mixed therewith may be rightly taken four ounces of the flowers of white Water-Lillies must be cocted in a pound and an half of fountain-Fountain-water till three or four ounces thereof be dissipated and the colature hereof must be mixed to the maceration It refrigerates more then Oyl of Violets it conciliates sleep Vires allayes the heat of the Liver Reins and Bowels obtunds Venery hinders stiffness of the Yard and cures head-aches from a hot cause CHAP. 9. Oleum de Mentha or Oyl of Mint â„ž of Oyl lb ij ss Garden-Mint lb j. of the Juyce of the same â„¥ vij ss mingle them exhibit them to the Sun seven dayes afterwards pressed out and three times fresh Mint put in and the Oyl expressed preserved The COMMENTARY Some assume Omphacium to the confection of this Oyl that it may by its stypticity roborate the ventricle others take mature and complete Oyl that it may califie more and help concoction whence some call it Eustomachical Oyl Sative Mint should be selected crisp and green whose leaves should be tunded and macerated in Oyl and thrice changed according to the prescript Oyl of Mint calefies the cold Vires and roborates the imbecile ventricle it helps concoction stayes vomiting revokes appetite helps the nauseative stomack and discusses flatulency CHAP. 10. Oleum de Absynthio or Oyl of Wormwood â„ž of common Oyl lb v. Tops of Wormwood lb ij Juyce of the same lb j. and â„¥ iiij mingle them and macerate them as before prescribed The COMMENTARY This Oyl is of an uncertain Author and though it be described by many yet the proportion of the Wormwood to the Oyl is alwayes diverse some adding a very small quantity thereof others a very great one We following the excellent method of the Parisian Pharmacopoeans adde five parts of Oyl to two of VVormwood and a fourth part of its succe in proportion to the Oyl Some to make it more roborative would have Roses added to its confection but we think it better as described for VVormwood participates of stypticity especially the Pontian and vulgar If any would have it more astrictive he may when use calls for it mix a little Oyl of Myrtle or Roses with it It calefies and roborates Vires especially the ventricle it moves appetite cocts crude humours dissipates flatulency kills worms and takes away obstructions from a cold cause CHAP. 11. Oleum Anethinum Chamaemelinum or Oyl of Dill and Chamomile â„ž of common Oyl lb ij flowers of Chamomile or tops of Dill lb j. of the decoction of the same lb ss mingle them and insolate them for seven dayes and boyl them till the watry part be evaporated let this be repeated three or four times and afterwards kept for use The COMMENTARY As these two Oyls have the same faculties so the same manner of confection some dry the flowers of Chamomile a whole day in a place not exposed to the Sun neither defining the dosis of them nor of the Oyl Many take an equal weight of flowers and of their decoction and as much Oyl as will serve for their due maceration Some immerge onely one pound of flowers in five pounds of Oyl and insolate them about half a month in the Dog-dayes then express them and repose the expression But if the judication of the good or ill mixtion and preparation be despumed from the power or imbecility of the Medicament these Oyls will be most efficacious if confected after this description Oyl of Chamomile calefies and resolves moderately allayes dolours sprung from a cold cause and roborates the nerves The Oyl of Anethum resolves calefies discusses flatulency roborates the Nerves takes away laffitude mitigates the dolours of the articles relaxates the spiracles of the veins and helps in convulsive fits The Oyl of Rue is and ought to be made after the same manner Indeed Nic. Alexandrinus describes a more composititious one which besides the tund leaves of Rue admits of sweet Marjoram and Cumin But it is seldome made for keeping for that which Mesue gives will potently enough effect what this pollicitates It calefies attenuates digests allayes the dolours of the Uterus proceeding from a cold cause discusses flatulency and is according to Actuarius accommodate to all dolours in all parts that require calefaction The Oyl of sweet Marjoram is either simple which Mesue confects of its leaves and succe or of its decoction and Oyl or else more compound which besides these admits of Myrtle-leaves of wilde Betony Southernwood Water-Mint and ligneous Cassia but this is scarce ever made the former seldome save to the confection of Melilote and according to Mesue the former is made like Oyl of Myrtle this like Oyl of Melons or of Quinces that is the leaves and succe of sweet Marjoram are confusedly macerated insolated expressed and thrice changed in Oyl What Sampsuchus is and if it differs from Marjoram we have shewed in our Book of Simples It calefies and roborates the head and all kinde of Nerves Oyl of Jasmin should by the decree of all Medicks be kept in Pharmacopolies for it hath most efficacious faculties both in allaying dolours from a cold cause and in digesting and resolving But it is most commendable for Belly-aches which much molest children it must be confected as the complete Oyl of Roses or of VVall-flowers are made CHAP. 12. Oleum Hypericonis simplex or The simple Oyl of S. Johns-wort â„ž of the tops of S. Johns-wort not altogether ripe lb j. common Oyl lb
each â„¥ j. andÊ’ ij Olibanum â„¥ j. Ê’ j. Opoponax Mastick long Birthwort Verdigrease of each â„¥ j. Lithargie of Gold common Oyl of each lb ss new Wax lb ss mingle them to a Plaister The COMMENTARY Whilst I reade or hear these specious Names I cannot but think of the eximious Remedies of the Alchymists who seeing their Elixir-vitae grow thread-bare called it The Angelical Potion but the name is tolerable where the faculties are responsible as in this Emplaister which being very efficacious though not Divine we shall by authority call Divine You may thus confect it Agitate move and stir well-pulverated Lithargie for twelve hours space with Oyl and alwayes moving it coct it to the crassitude of Honey then cut the wax in pieces mix it with the Oyl and melt it in the mean time macerate dissolve and strain the Gummes in Vinegar or tenuious white-wine and coct them till the aqueous humidity be discussed and evaporated then mix Turpentine therewith and inject and incorporate them all with the Lithargie united with Oyl and Wax to all these adde the Powders of Myrrhe Mastick Frankincense Aristolochy and the Magnet brayed apart then mix Verdigrease brayed but not cocted too long lest it make the Salve red These well united and commixed will be a Salve of a due spissitude Some in stead of the Powder of Amyentis take the Powder of sweet Amentum that is the fat of Glass but it is better confected with the Magnet It mollifies the parts whereunto it is adhibited it allayes dolours attracts digests and resolves humours CHAP. 13. Emplastrum de Cerusa or The Plaister of Ceruse â„ž Oyl of Roses lb ij Ceruse lb j. ss white Wax â„¥ iiij boyl them together and make them into a Plaister The COMMENTARY The Author indeed of this Emplaister is uncertain but the description dosis of its simples and the manner of its preparation are farre more uncertain for some confect it in form of an Unguent as Praepositus others in form of an Emplaister to whose composition some assume Lithargie Amylum and the Whites of Egges as Paulus and Myrepsus others make it of Wax Ceruse and Oyl Some again assume twice as much Oyl as Ceruse others a like quantity of both Some take more Wax others more Oyl The description we give is most usual the confection we teach is most easie and the composition we approve of most efficacious wherein we rather assume two pounds of Oyl of Roses and Omphacinum then of common Oyl a pound and an half of Ceruse and onely four ounces of Wax Now before Ceruse ingrede the confection it should be often washed in common or rose-Rose-water then agitated in a Marble-Morter with a ligneous Pestel then it should reside and when it is setled the water be effused and more again affunded with which it must be agitated which must be iterated till the water appear pure and limpid which then may be ejected and Trochisks formed out of the remaining white Ceruse which must be dryed in the Sun and reposed for use whereof the described quantity must be taken and levigated very small for the confection of this Salve But after levigation it must be first cocted in the radiant Sun over a slow fire and agitated continually with a spatle then must the wax be melted and stirred with it that all may acquire a due spissitude It is of much use not onely in drying cutaneous vices and superficial Exulcerations but also in coagulating greater Ulcers allaying Inflammations and curing Clefts and Kins it also heals burnings CHAP. 14. Emplastrum pro Stomacho or A Plaister for the stomach â„ž of Wormwood Mint Marjoram Roses Pomegranate-flowers Cypress-Nuts of eachÊ’ iij. Ginger Nutmegs Cloves the seeds of Dill and Carret of eachÊ’ ij Benzoin Storax of each â„¥ ss Oyl of Mastick and Quinces of each â„¥ iij. yellow Wax lb ss make it into a Plaister The COMMENTARY What Medicaments soever are extrinsecally imposed upon the stomach they are too licentiously called by Asclepiades and Andromachus Malagms Galen calls them better Stomachicals because they roborate the stomach as those they call Splenicals do the Spleen for they mutuate their names from the places whereunto they agree most not from such as they may by consequence profit whence they are well called Stomachical Emplaisters which roborate the stomach and resarciate its imbeciler faculties as also many Simples which recreate it by calefaction and from a certain affinity respect its help of which we have selected some and concinnated this Emplaister for we do not approve of that Chaos of Simples whereof vulgar Stomachicals are confected wherein the Pharmacopoean Apothecary undergoes much of labour cost and unnecessary burthen This Emplaister then shall consist of fewer but more Eustomachical Ingredients for whose confection first melt and agitate the Wax with Oyl then mix together brayed Storax and Benzoin and then the rest duly levigated moving and subacting all into a legitimate crassitude CHAP. 15. Emplaistrum de Mastiche or The Plaister of Mastick â„ž of Mastick â„¥ iij. Bole-armeniack washed in black Wine â„¥ j. ss RosesÊ’ vj. shavings of Ivory Red Coral of each â„¥ ss Turpentine â„¥ ij yellow Wax lb ss Oyl of Myrtle-berries â„¥ iij. or as much as suffices to make it into a Plaister The COMMENTARY This Emplastick is also Stomachical but not so hot as the former for seeing all imbecility of stomach arises not from cold causes as subsersion which frequently happens without a cold distemper and proneness to vomit which follows upon any distemper without vicious humours it is not equal that its roborative Medicament should be alwayes hot but Reason commands that it should be varied and changed according to the variety of the peccant cause for it is impossible to finde out a Medicament that is best for all affections but it will more efficaciously help one and another more imbecilely and it often falls out that a hot Emplaister may profit the stomach and offend the hot Liver Hence the Proverb Stomachicum juvat occidit Hepaticum This Emplaister then may safely be adhibited to the hotter imbecile Ventricle For whose preparation all must be pulverated and brayed apart then the wax must be melted with the Oyl and the Turpentine added when it is substracted from the fire then must Bole Ivory Roses and Coral after just levigation be commixed therewith then must all be accurately subacted with the Mastick into a just crassitude It roborates the whole Ventricle contemperates its heat cohibits supinity and subversion stayes vomiting and removes imbecility CHAP. 16. Emplastrum pro Matrice or A Plaister for the Fits of the Mother D. Praep. â„ž of Bistort-roots lb ss Aloes-wood sweet-smelling Sanders Nutmegs Berberries Rose-seeds of each â„¥ ss Cinamon Cloves Squinant Camomile-flowers of eachÊ’ ij Frankincense Mastick Aliptae Moschatae Galliae Moschatae red Storax of eachÊ’ ss Mosch gr v. yellow WaxÊ’ ix Turpentine â„¥ iij. Ladanum lb ij Ship-pitch lb j. ss Oyl of the Musk-wood Crowfoot â„¥ ij
Linctus for it is assumed by little and little as it were by licking or sucking that by staying and lingering in the passage it may deerre into the breast or at least its cough-curing virtue may reach the cavities of the Breast and the grisles of the Lungs concoct Spittle and cause its exclusion which by the strength of nature may easily be done after concoction of the humour by a Vomit or Expectoration upwards Now they are not onely exhibited in a morning upon a fasting stomack but also at evening and sometimes betwixt meals to several effects and for several intentions and according to the matter intention and quality whereof the Medicaments consist for they are given to leniate deterge incrassate incide expectorate and stay blood Eclegms also according to the Antients may be made of Medicaments of any sapour yet very bitter and very sharp Medicaments we do not approve of for this use for besides that ingratefull sense they bring to the palate they exasperate the hollow artery and the jaws and greatly molest the lungs yet are souâ— ones sometimes prescribed for the attenuation of gross humours But use hath so far prevailed that in the confecture of CoughcuÃing Eclegms it is almost a Law that nothing but sweet Ingredients should make up the Compound as juice of Liccorish Pines Jujubs Sugar-candy Dragaganth and such like Electuaries mixed in Honey or some fit Syrup But if the condition of any affection preternaturally require bitter or sharp Ingredients then must they be mixed with the other Medicaments in a less quantity both that they may be more easily assumed and also that in altering the humour contained they may not hurt the part containing Quae eclegmata conveniant Asthmaticis Such Lohochs as these are for their notable faculty in inciding and opening commended to the pursy and such as breath difficultly because of gross humours in their Lungs An Eclegm should be assumed upon a stick of Liccorish a little beaten or out of some little measure and holden in the mouth till it melt of its own accord and till it slide down the mouth of the stomack or insinuate it self into the Artery subjected They are reposed in earthen vessels leaded and may be kept a whole year without impairing their virtues Yet such as in their Confecture receive Almonds or Nuts as they grow mouldy sooner so do their faculties sooner fail and decay There is to be sold in Shops a certain Electuary somewhat liquid for Glisters and it is made of one pound of the decoction of Violets Malva the herb Mercury Pelitory of the wall Beets and Wormwood with the same weight of the Pitch of Cassia and Honey despumed which being thicker than any Syrup and borrowing its colour and virtue from Cassia is called Lohoch of Cassia Lohoch cassia CHAP. XI Of Electuaries in general SUch Medicaments as externally applyed can cure any Poyson whether within the body or inflicted on the body by some bite are by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and those 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which introsumed help many grievous affections The Latins do not onely retain and confound both these names but also denote them by the name of Electuary to us for the Antients called them Antidotes the later men Electuaries Whereof according to their different consistency there be two kinds the one solid which Apothecaries make into little pieces which they call Lozenges the other more liquid made and formed into the consistency of an opiate But if according to Galen the difference of Antidotes or Electuaries be taken from their quality and vertues some are assumed because of deadly Medicaments others are prevalent against venemous beasts others are prescribed to diseases contracted by ill victualls and some are accommodated to all these uses which may not only be wholsomley introsumed but also externally applyed as Triacle Mithridate Electuaries according to their different solidity are called Dry and Tabulated Electuaria sicca ac tabulata or Liquid which have the consistency of an opiate a mean betwixt an Eclegme and Pills as all Antidotes whose powders are subactd with sape honey or wine which put to sugar righly prepared and agitated with a woodden pestell do acquire the just consistency of a solid Electuary So that wine and the same Electuary may be formed liquid or solid according to the adjection of sugar or honey with artificiall mixtion yet they can scarce be brought to a solid Consistency which admit of the extract of Cassia and the inner part of fruits The proportion of honey to powders in liquid Electuaries should be the same with sugar to them in dry and solid Electuaries which is that to one pound of honey or sugar should be mixed three ounces of Powder yet either may be increased or diminished as the power of the Antidote is requisite to be more valid or more weak for by how much more sugar or honey is added to the powders by so much is the Electuary weaker and by how much the lesse by so much the stronger In purging Lozenges one dramme of powder should be mixed with an ounce of sugar cocted in water or some juice to a consistency somewhat more solid than a syrup in Cord all Lozenges two ounces of sugar often go to one dram of powder the quantity whereof should be by so much lesser by how much the quality is stronger and the sapour more ingratefull But Physicians should define a just quantity of sugar or honey Medicorum error for while they prescribe onely according to their custome as much as will serve of either indefinitly they leave the Apothecary doubtfull in making the Electuary and they commit the sick persons safety to his judgement for he may make the strength of the Medicament more weak or more intense as he pleases and you shall scarce find two Apothecaryes who put the same proportion of sugar or honey to the same remedy when the quantity is not prescribed In the Confecture of the liquid Antidote Electuarium liquidum faciendi modus the honey is washed with a little water and boyled by little and little on a moderate fire and despumed till the water or other liquor be exhaled then it is taken off the fire and before it be absolute cold three ounces of the mixed powders are sprinkled upon the honey every pound of honey so prepared requires three ounces of Powder and then they are mixed with a woodden postell till the mixture be equall The weight of honey should not be changed because of the mixture of the pulpe of Cassia Tamarinds or Manna Dactyls and Almonds or other fruits for in confecting an Electuary of a Legitimate consistency the weight of dry powders must be answerable to the sape honey or sugar A soft Electuary should not be reposed in a box before it be thoroughly cold least its superiour part be extrinsecally incrusted in a certain Membrane it is betetr to let it be fermented and the
industrious dexterity have secured and many experiences have proved though the Antients either were ignorant of them neglected them or administred them unduely as now adayes many malevolent Circulators who kill innumerable with their Stibium that is ill prepared and exhibited in an undue dosis neither when nor to whom it is meet And that I may return to my purpose Quam varia catharticorum dosis some Catharticks are given onely in a small dosis as Colocynthis and Hellebor by a few grains or scruples others by drams as Rheum others by ounces as Manna Cassia Tamarinds A Dosis then denotes a quantity of a Medicament fit to be exhibited at once as when any Medicament of three or four ounces at the most is made into the form of a potion Decoction or distilled wherein we dilute Roboratives as Powders Antidotes and Cordial Confections or infuse Catharticks as Agarick or dissolve them as Catholicon or Diacarthamum whereof every one hath its peculiar dosis whereby it should be given in greater or lesser quantity as it is of weak or valid faculties But to describe every of these according to the nature and quality of every Medicament and body were to comprehend the whole method of Medicine CHAP. III. Of a purgative Potion EVery kinde of Medicaments may be given in any form but not so fit perhaps to cure a Disease or help any part The most usual form of such as free the passages of obstructions deduce the vessels Purgantia cur in forma potabili convenientiora and provoke monthly flowers and urine is liquid But those especially that are purgative require a more potable form for hereby they more promptly diffuse themselves more easily ingrede the small veins and more efficaciously deduce the humour inhering in those parts For one dram of a solid Medicament diluted with some humour Catharticum liquidum citius ducit will move the belly more than twice as much of it whole Wherefore when we say a purgative Medicament absolutely we mean a laxative Potion whose dosis should seldome exceed three ounces lest by moving the ventricle it be presently excluded by vomit Now purgative Potions are various according to the various nature of the Medicaments and humours to be educed For every humour except blood which is vacuated onely by the section of some vein or artery hath its proper eductive Cathartick that which purges Choler is called a Cholagogous that which purges Melancholy Melanagogous and Phlegm a Phlegmagogous Medicament And of each of these whether simple or compound are made purgative Potions when they are macerated infused dissolved or cocted in some fit liquor as to educe Choler thus ℞ of the roots of Succory Sorrel Liquorice an ʒ ij of Endive Cholagogon Fumitory Agrimony an m. ss of the three cordial Flowers an p. j. let a Decoction be made in a small quantity of water wherein infuse of Rhabarb ʒ ij ss of Orange colour'd Sanders ℈ ss dissolve in the expression Syrup of Violets ʒ vj. and make a potion thereof When a stronger Purge is required either you may augment the quantity of the things or take a stronger Medicament as this ℞ of Diaprun dissolved or Electuary of the juice of Roses ʒ iij. Alia potio validior let it be dissolved in ℥ iij. of the fore mentioned Decoction or of Endive water put to it of the syrup of Succory compounded with Rhabarb ℥ j. and make a Potion Phlegm may be deduced by many Medicaments as well simple as compound as well as Choler whereof I shall take these few prescriptions in stead of many examples ℞ Polypody of the Oak Grass roots Raisons stoned of each ʒ iij. of the seeds of Carthamus ʒ ij Germander Ground-pine Betony of each m. ss of Anise seed ʒ j. make a Decoction in which boyl on a slow fire of the leaves of Senny ʒ ij ss in the colature infuse of Agarick ʒ j. ss in the expression dissolve of the syrup of white Roses ʒ j. make a Potion thereof In such a Decoction after colation you may dilute of the Electuary of Diacarthamus ʒ iij orʒ ss of the syrup of damask Roses ℥ j. that it may be a Potion Senny Rhabarb and Polypody vacuate flegm also and so do Turbitum Carthamus seed Colocynthis Widow-wail Veratrum album white Hellebor the seed and root of Wall-wort Benedicta Laxativa and Diaphoenicum whereof a perite Artificer may make various purgative Potions Melancholy also hath its peculiar Catharticks as Epithymum Melancholiam quae ducunt Azure stone Senny black Hellebor and amongst the compounds the Confection Hamech Catholicum Diasenna and King Sabor's syrup Of one or more whereof dissolved infused or cocted in some convenient liquor a purgative Medicament may be confected as thus ℞ Barks and roots of Capers and Tamarisks roots of Bugloss Melanagogon optimum Liquorice Raisons and Currens of each ʒ iij. of whole Barley ʒ ss Cateras Maiden hair Marigolds Borrage of each m. ss of the three cordial Flowers of each p. j. of which make a Decoction wherein infuse Senna ℥ ss sweet Fennel seeds ʒ j. in the Colature dissolve syr Regis Saboris ℥ j. make it into a Potion Or ℞ Liquorice Raisons stoned an ʒ iij. Jujubs nu vj. Epithymus Spleenwort tops of Hops Wood sorrel Fumatory an m. 〈◊〉 Broom flowers p. ij make a Decoction in which dissolve Confectio Hamech ʒ j. ss Diasenna ʒ ij syrup of Violets ʒ vj. or ◠j. make it into a Potion Catholicum also is usefull to purge Melancholy Catholicum polychrestum est for being universally commodious to purge any noxious humour it easily accommodates it self to those wherewith it is mixed as if it be mixed with Rhabarb it purges Choler if diluted in the decoction of Senny o◠mixed with the confection of Hamech it purges Melancholy CHAP. IV. Of Juleps THE acception of Julep and Syrup with the Arabians is almost one and the same for they confound them together and speak of them under the same head or Chapter understanding nothing more by an absolute Julep than Sugar dissolved in Rose water and cocted to the consistency of a Syrup But we speaking more distinctly treat of them both but in several Chapters and Books to wit of Syrups which should be inspissated by a longer coction in our Officine but of Juleps which should be but lightly cocted and presently assumed in this our Book of Medicinal Receipts Now Julep is a Persian word Julep quid signifying a sweet Potion which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and they make it of any distilled dulcorate water as of Syrups of the juice or decoction of Simples elixated with Sugar or Honey to a more crass consistency Serapio that he might eschew the insuavity of all odour and sapour confected a Julep or rather Hydrosacharum of Water and Sugar onely which he calls a simple Syrup Avicenna to conciliate more suavity adds thereto a third part of Rose-water Mesue
make it up into a paste but know that if you put a little too much syrup to it you will make its consistence more liquid and so instead of paste make an opiate CHAP. XVII Of Mazapane MAzapane or Marchypane is a confection so named by the more recent which is a most frequent junket for it is most gratefull to the gust and nourishes very much wherefore it is prescribed to the macilent and such persons as are vexed with any preternaturall affection in the breast or Lungs Many bechicall and sweet ingredients go to this confection as sugar pistack-nutts pine-kernells and other sweet fruits which brayed and accurately subacted with simple or rose-water become a masse whereof wafers or morsells Marcipanis quibus constet as Rondelet calls them are concinnated which are gently cocted in an Oven till of red they become yellow and acquire a competent hardnesse The vulgar manner of this confecture with the dulciaryes is most simple as being made onely of Almonds rose-water and sugar But Apothecaries by a Physicians advice adde something to these which hath respect to some one part which tempers some noxious humour and by its nutritive as well as Medicinall faculty preserves as well as resartiates sanity The most usuall and pleasant confection of Mazapane is this ℞ Sweet Almonds decorticated ℥ iij. Pistakes ℥ j. Marcipanis optimus bruise them very well in a morter with a little Rose-water add thereunto the finest sugar lb ss fiat pasta which you may make into what forme you please Marchepane after this manner is usuall also and very accomodate to expell flatuosity ℞ Pistakes ℥ j. blanched Almonds ℥ ij Anifeseedʒ i. Cinamon ℈ i. after they are finely beaten add of the finest loafe sugar four ounces and so make it up into a paste which if by too much water it be too liquid let it fervefy in a bason on a slow fire till it be more crasse then make Marchpane which dry a little in the Oven after bread hath been extracted Those little long masses of bread which are confected of flower and thrice or four times as much sugar with a little Coriander Panis biscoctus and a small portion of eggs subacted together may by some affinity be referred hither which they commonly call Biskakes But I would not put my sickle into another mans harvest therefore I will leave these sweet breads to the confectioners CHAP. XVIII Of Piniolates or Pignolates ANother kind of paste is made almost after the same manner which the Neotericks call Piniolate or Pignolate because it s made of Pine kernells cleansed and immerged in melted sugar and cocted to the consistency of condite sugar But that the Pine kernells may depose all their rancour they should be macerated a whole day or half at least in water and Rose-water should be dropt into the confection for so it will be more gratefull to the gust as also to the smell if a grain of Muske be mixed therewith as we see in many junketts which are set at the head of the table the most usuall forme of confecting pineolates is this ℞ Of the finest sugar dissolved and cocted in Rose water till it be about the consistency of an Electuary lb ss mingle with ℥ ii of Pine kernells infused in water for the space of twelve houres afterward stir them together with a spatula that the whole masse may be subigated in the end add mosch ℈ i. and so make a paste whereof you may make Cylinders which repose and exsiccate on a paper that they may grew harder CHAP. XIX Of Pandalea THere is another kind of solid paste called Pandaleon which is by Rondeletius prescribed to the affections of the breast and lungs for it consists of many things that attenuate and coct viscid humours and move expectoration and all Pandaleas seem to be bechicall nothing differing from pectorall Ecclegmes and syrups save in consistency nor from solid Electuaryes save in externall forme for they are compounded made and cocted after the same manner onely solid Electuaries are harder and are rolled out into quadrate or long figures and Pandaleas are kept whole in a woodden box as conserves in a glasse or earthen vessell and when use calls for them they are cut with a spoon or knife and a piece thereof given to be retained in the mouth like so much Alphenix or bechicall Tablets that it may melt and go down like a lohoch It hath the same consistency and is kept in the like vessells as those same sugared confections or comfitures usuall and frequent in Spain which they call Marmelades They are made commonly of some sweet powder and sugar perfectly concocted in some convenient water that they may concrete Some conserves are sometimes added and a little honey if need require and such a Pandalcon how ever displeasing it may be to some mens palate is very good and is thus confected ℞ Pul Diaireos Salomonis ʒ i. diatrag frigid ℈ ii powder of yellow Sanders ℈ i. sugar dissolved in Coltsfoot-water ℥ iiij fiat Pandaleon which keep in Marmalet Boxes Some also make a Pandalcon of Pine kernells or Almonds decorticated and brayed with sugar or honey thus ℞ Pine kernells well cleansed and bruised ℥ i. Penidees ℥ ss clarified honey as much as will suffice to make it up into a sollid paste or Pandalcon CHAP. XX. Of Hypoglottidian Medicaments commonly called sublingues THe cough and stinch of breadth molest all that are neere us seeing the cough affronts their ears and the stinch their noses now certain bechicall and Aromaticall pastilles will cure both affections which from their round and long forme which Apothecaries put them in and that same quality which is predominant in them whereby they expectorate the humour causing coughing are called bechicall from the manner of their use Hypoglottidian and from the odour which they acquire by Mosche Moschardine Medicaments They are very pleasant which are thus confected ℞ Of the finest sugar ℥ j. ss Penidees ℥ ss orrisʒ ss yellow Sanders Cinamon of each ℈ i. mosch ℈ ss with musiladg of Gum Thragants made in Rose water make them up into a paste of which forme any figure long round or what will lye most conveniently under the tongue The description is both easy and good ℞ Sugar of Roses ℥ ii sugar Candy ℥ i. starchʒ i. spec diacinamon diamisi and orris of each ℈ i. mace ℈ ss Zivet gr vi with the musiladge of Gum Thraganth made in Balme water fiant Hypoglottides CHAP. XXI Of Tables or Tabuletts TAbells pertaine to solid Electuaries yea they are very Electuaryes being confected of powders and sugar perfectly cocted that their consistency may be harder and they longer and more securely preserved without damage and impairement The like quantity of sugar is required in confecting tables Sacchari quantitas in tabellis as of honey in liquid electuaries and in both the quantity is augmented or substracted as the validity or imbecillity of the
Electuaries faculty requires In purgative tables one dragm of powder must be put to an ounce of sugar duely cocted in water or other convenient liquour Portio Sacchari in tabellis purgantibus in roborative tables that they may be more gratefull to the palate more sugar is requisite as two ounces of sugar to every dragm of powder I shall onely hint here a little of tables in this book since I have Cap. 11. lib. 3. at large discoursed not onely of liquid Electuaryes but solid also and tabells in the description of such Medicaments as may be long preserved Yet that I may suggest the formes of all Medicaments to him that would confect them I will adde some few receipts of roborative tabells as ℞ Cordiall Tabulets Spec. Elect. diamarg. frigid de Gemmis anaʒ ss powder of the bone in the heart of a Hart ℈ ss Spodium ℈ i. with sugar dissolved in Rose water ℥ iii. make them into Tabulets ofʒ i. orʒ ii weight take one of them every morning fasting Such as are rich and begin to recover from some long disease or are any way troubled with palpitations and swoundings let them get these tabells confected ℞ Pul. Aureae Alexandrinaeʒ ss diacinam hyacinthor smaragdor pearle finely powdered of each ℈ i. Monoceros horn and Bezoar stone of each ℈ ss with sugar dissolved in Rose water ℥ iiii make them into little Tabuletts Those tabells they call Manus Christi are reducible to this head which are nothing else but Sacharum rosatum either simple as the common or more compound which admitts of Pearls in its confection and is called Manus Christi perlata which is thus confected ℞ Manus Christi perlata Of the whitest sugar dissolved in Rose water and cocted till above the consistency of a syrup ℥ ii pearl finely powderedʒ i. fiant Tabella CHAP. XXII Of Powders BEsides those powders kept in shops for future uses whereof we have spoken elsewhere there many others which are made for present use as the digestive powder which helps the frigidity of the ventricle Pulvis digestivus and the imbecility of the coctive faculty being confected of such Medicaments as are stomachicall roborative help concoction and dispell flatuosity and it is thus made ℞ The seeds of Dill and Coriander prepared of eachʒ ii Orange pill Conditedʒ i ss Pulvis flatus discutiens Cinamonʒ i. Mace Cloves of eachʒ ss sugard Candy ℥ ii or iii. make of these a powder Another Powder also of eximious power and vertue to roborate the ventricle and parts addicted to sanguification and dissipate flatuosity is thus confected ℞ The seeds of sweet Fennell and Coriander Condited of eachʒ i ss Squinant Calomus aromatic an ʒ ss Dianisi Diamargar frigid and Diacinamon of each ℈ i. A crust of Bread well toasted ʒ ii sugar ℥ ii make them into a powder Cordiall and Alexiteriall powders that roborate the principall parts and faculties in malignant feavers may be thus confected ℞ The roots of Angelico Tormentill of eachʒ ss A Cordiall Powder Ligni Aloes ℈ i. Citron seeds and Cinamon of each ℈ ss the bone in the heart of a Hart burnt Ivory the best pearle of each ℈ i. Monoceros horne Bezoar stone of each ℈ ss Dictamusʒ ss sugar of Roses ℥ i ss make of them a powder which must be taken fasting or long after meat with the water of Scordium or Carduus or some distilled restrative or other convenient liquor There are also topicall powders which are applyed to solidate wounds and implete ulcers with flesh of which in their place THE SECOND SECTION Of such as are either ingested or injected CHAP. I. Of Errhins ALL Medicaments are either assumed ingested or applyed Juleps Apozemes Syrups and all such as enter only at the mouth whereof we have before treated are assumed Errhins Suppositories and Clysters are ingested Unguents Salves Fomentations and many more whereof we shall now treat in order are applyed we begin with such as ingrede the body but not at the mouth but the nose privy parts or fundament and have their egresse where they made their ingresse Those which are immitted at the nose are thence called Errhins and vulgarly Nasalia those which are exhibited at the nose to purge the head are thence commonly called caputpurgia by the suffrage of Chyrurgicall Medicks They are constituted of Medicaments indued with a sharp and exterging faculty whereby the expulsive faculty being more validly excited moves and expells the humour lodged in the brain such as be the qualities of Bete Sow-bread wild Cucumber and the juice of Marjoram as also the powder of Euphorbium Hellebore and Pepper and of such like sharp Medicaments which snuffed up the nostrills move sternutation and purge the brain some also consist of astrictive and agglutinative Medicaments as those which are prescribed to stay a bloody flux They are given in divers formes either liquid which must be attracted by the nose or solid which must be ingested into the nostrills or pulverall which must be snuffed up A liquid Errhin is thus confected ℞ A l'quid Errhine Of the juice of the root of Beet and the leaves of majoran of each ℥ i. of the juice of Brank ursine and Sow-bread of each ℥ ss fiat Errhinum let a portion of it as ℥ ss be attracted in the morning up your nose again and again still keeping water in your mouth least the Errhin from the nose flowinto your mouth Some are given in forme of an unguent which they daub on the interiour part of the nostrills and they are good for such as are troubled with continuall headache with bad eyes Epilepsy and dulnesse of smell their bodyes bring first duely purged and they are made thus ℞ Of wild Cucumber Pellitory of each ℈ j. white Pepper An Erhine in the form of an Unguent Carpesium or Cubebs and stavesacre of each ʒ ss with a little oil of orris and wax make it up into a liniment A solid Errhine to stay the bleeding of ones nose is thus made ℞ Bole-Armenick Draggons blood of eachʒ j. Roses Balaustians of eachʒ ss and with a little whites of eggs well beaten make them up into the Consistency of a sollid Errhin or immerge therein a little Hares down or cotten and make it like a tent to be put up the nose in a pyramidall forme to which annexe a thread that you may extract it at your pleasure Ptarmicall or neezing powder when it s used for Errhins is thus described ℞ Hellibor both white and black of eachʒ i. Euphorbium ℈ ss dryed orrisʒ ss make of these a very fine powder let a small portion thereof be snuffed up the nose after a convenient Catharticke CHAP. II. Of Pessi or Pessaries BY the name Pessus or Pessarium we understand all those suppositoryes which are immitted into the privy parts which are by Hyppoerates called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as unguents plaisters roots or bruised hearbs and penicills but
are extrinsecally applyed and first CHAP. I. Of Baths WHEN we mention a Bath we mean such an one as is made of sweet water whether pluvial or fluvial not such sordid Baths as they have in some places in Spain where they wash or rather inquinate themselves in urine long kept for that purpose nor yet those medicinal Baths wherewith many places of the Earth abound which because of several Minerals they pass through acquire several sapours and odours and eximious faculties in curing many affections For the Earth produces almost as many Springs of Medicinal Waters as diseases Gal. cap. 5. lib. 1. de sanitate tuenda wherewith Normandy and almost all France and Germany and Italy abound But we here speak of a Bath which being made of simple water or the decoction of some herb may be provided in any house Now Baths are instituted for three causes to wit for delight Balneorum usus triplex for preservation of sanity and depulsion of diseases The antient Romanes were great admirers of Baths for pleasure and therefore they made Baths for publick uses both for amplitude and artifice inimitable the structure being of Alexandrian and Numidian Marble Balneorum superha structura for the walls were adorned on one side with Thasian stones on the other with Pictures much recreating the sight their cocks were of silver which distilled warm or hotter water as they would into the vessel for they were so much taken with Lavacres that some of them especially their Emperours and Senatours Balnea Romani habebant in deliciit who had Baths apart would bathe themselves seven times a day And seeing Baths are very voluptuous as Ulpianus not without reason attests the Jews that lived at Tripolis and Damascus had Baths for pleasure wherein men and women bathed promiscuously before Antoninus the Philosophers time which they therefore called Gymnasies To preserve sanity 〈◊〉 mâ—gna militas such as have a hot liver or squalid skin are much helped by frequent bathings in warm water as Oribasius cap. 27. lib. 1. asserts To depell diseases Baths are very usefull for Galen cap. 10. lib. 10. meth med c. 20. lib. 12. commends them in the Hectick Diarian and sometimes in the putrid feaver with due observation Hippocrates also before Galens time attested in many places that Baths conduce to the cure of many diseases part 44. lib. 3. de vict acutor for they open the pores discuss the humours abate the heat of the bowels take away lassitude dilute the terrene and melancholical humour or at least temper and moderate it Make a Bath of milk alone or a very small quantity of water and milk for such as are rich and labour under a Hectick Feaver for such as are not rich let water suffice and that fluvial or pluvial rather than fountain water wherein for more success coct some parts or else integral plants as Marsh-mallows Mallows Violets Vine leaves and Colesfoot of each m. iiij boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water for a Bath For the morphew or fedity of the skin after the emendation of the prave humours and diminution of blood by purge and phlebotomy let the body be immerged in the aforesaid Bath then let him be washed three four or more times if need be in this following Bath â„ž The leaves of Enulacampane Sorrel Scabious ana m. vj. Tatsane and Fumatory ana m. iij. boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to fill the Bath Some foolish Wretches believe that the Leprosy may be cured by a Bath of Mans bloodâ— but this horrible Prescript seems to be an invention of the Devil and not at all to be admitted for such a Disease whereby the whole Oeconomy of Nature is ruined can neither by external application nor internal assumption nor by both together be emended CHAP. II. Of a Semicupium or Insess AS a Bath is a Lavacre of the whole body except the head which partakes also of the vapours so an Insess of half the body for it is a Bath onely of the belly or a half Bath full of convenient liquor wherein the diseased may sit up to his ventricle his legs and feet be put out called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Insessus or Insessio and sometimes Semicupium It is constituted of the same Materials that make up a Bath and Fomentation and it is less than one greater than the other It is very usefull for it mollifies the Uterus reserates its vessels Semicupii usus asswages colical passions and other dolours caused in the reins by the stone in the ureters by obstructions or in other inferiour parts of the belly This Semicupium will by the emollition and deduction of the vessels asswage the dolour of the stone in the reins â„ž Beets Marsh-mallows Mallows Violets Pelitory tops of Dill anam iij. Linsed â„¥ ij boyl all these in rain water or fountain till their virtues be transmitted pro semicupio Some put the materials in some bag and apply them to the place most pained in the very insession The body that abounds with crude and viscid humours should be first purged by some convenient Medicament if time permit if not then with a Glyster Some make Insessions of the decoction of Tripes to cure the exsiccation hardness and tension of the belly and the colical dolours some adde milk to them others wine others oil That colical dolour which arises from much flatuosity distending and excruciating the belly may be cured with this Semicupium â„ž Polium of the mount Calamint Origanum tops of Dill Melilet Marjoran ana m. iij. the seeds of Cummin Anise Fennel Bay-berries ana â„¥ j. put them all in two bags and boyl them in water sufficient for a Semicupium wherein the diseased must be demerged with his face upward from the knees to the navel CHAP. III. Of a Vaporary AVaporary consists of the same things a Semicupium is made of though in less quantity for it is enough that a few herbs or such things be cocted in a Kettle and the vapour thereof traduced through a hole in a chair whereon the diseased sits to move the Uterus or Fundament for it is onely made to reserate the Uterus to evoke or stay Flowers to open or constringe the Hemorrhoides to asswage dolour and to alter some intemperancy To provoke Flowers lest the vapour should be disgregated and exhaled into the ambient air the perforated chair whereon the diseased woman sits should be accurately involved in many cloaths for so the ascendent vapour will be easily carried to the privities and permeating the orifice of the vessels will attenuate the blood and excite it to motion This Receipt is fit to move Flowers and Hemorrhoides â„ž Marsh-mallows Mugwort Calamint Hyssop Winter-savoury Marjoran ana m. j. Savin m. ij the flowers of Melilot Chamemile and Jasmine ana m. ss let the Decoction be made in water and in a fourth part of white wine and let the vapour be admitted as
that same which is educed out of many gums The seeds of Line Foenugreek Mallows Quinces Flea-wort and Marsh mallow roots as also their roots macerated in warm water are very mucaginous Figs also Gum Arabick Tragacanthum and Isinglass if they be a whole night infused in water or other liquor and the next day recalefied and strongly expressed through a new cloth or bag will dimit much mucaginous matter Thus the mucage of Bdellium Sugâ—penum Ammoniacum and Galbanum is extracted to make up the confection of the mucilaginous Emplaister To every ounce of water or other liquor they ordinarily impose an ounce of seeds or roots but if the Mucage should be more crass then the quantity of roots or seeds must be augmented if more liquid diminished as one dram of seed to an ounce of water This Muslidge applyed to an inflammation helps much â„ž A Muslidge against inflammation The roots of Marsh mallows â„¥ ss Flea wort seedÊ’ ij â—nfuse them upon hot embers for a day and a half in Night-shade water afterwards strain it and apply it to the part affected This Mucage mitigates the dolour of the eyes caused by heat â„ž Another to the pain of the eyes from a hot cause Quinco kernelsÊ’ iij. infuse them a whole night in the water of Night-shade Water-lillyes and Eye-bright ana â„¥ i. ss in the morning extract the Muslidge and apply it to the part grieved CHAP. XI Of Collyryes IT is not enough that a Medicament be accommodated to an affection onely but it must be fitted to the part affected also for we do not prescribe one Medicament to the ears mouth nose and belly but exhibit a singular Medicament to each as will best fit it The eyes have their peculiar Medicaments called Collyryes which are endued with eximious qualities respecting their affections eximiously such as Galen speaks of libro de oculis libris 4 5. composit medicament loc as also Paulus and Aetius in many places There are two kinds of Collyryes the one dry Collyriorum differentia Collyria ficca called by the Arabians Sicf by the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Collyria fieca the other humid 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which are by the more recent called Collyries absolutely either because by their liquid form they are better accommodated to application the eyes not tolerating a hard and crass remedy or else because they are made of dry Collyries levigated upon a Marble and dissolved in water or such convenient liquor Some of the humid Collyries are of the consistency of Honey or a soft Unguent Tuthiae praeparatio as Tutia redacted to the form of an Unguent by much ustion and lotion with the juice of Fennel or other convenient liquor Others are altogether liquid and fluxile as all those which are made of the waters of Eye-bright Roses or Plantain with a small quantity of white Trochisks These should be reposed in glass vessels as the more solid in earthen pots And as a multitude of ocular affections are cured by Collyries so a multiplicity of materials go to their confecture as the whole Family of Medicaments whether of Minerals Animals or Plants from which either Powders can be efringed or Waters distilled or Juices extracted or Excrements desumed When you would quicken the sight make an oxydorcical Collyrie of such Medicaments as cure caligation as the galls of Animals the waters of Salendine and Eye-bright or the water of Community which confect thus â„ž Eye bright m. iij. Salendine Fennel Vervine Fumatory A water to quicken the sight ana m. ij Rue Balm ana m. j. Cloves Mace long Pepper ana â„¥ ss macerate them a whole night in equal parts of white Rose-water and white Wine then distill of the water with which wash the eyes This Collyrie will cure the pruriginous scabies of the eye-brows â„ž White wine * * * White For the scabies of the eye-lids Rose water ana â„¥ j. ss Hepatick Aloes finely pâ—lverized Ê’ j. mix them and make thereof a Collyrium This Collyrie will roborate and refrigerate â„ž A cooling and strengthening water for the eyes The water of Plantain and red Roses ana â„¥ ij whites of Eggs â„¥ ss mix them and beat them well together and make thereof a Collyrie This Collyrie applyed to the eyes will asswage their dolour â„ž For the pain of the eyes The waters of Purslain and Plantain ana â„¥ j. ss the mucilidge of Quince seeds made in Night shade water â„¥ j. mingle them fiat Collyrium This Collyrie will most efficaciously desiccate roborate and refrigerate â„ž A water strengthening and drying The water of Mouse-ear white Roses and Plantain ana â„¥ j. Troch alb RhasisÊ’ i. Tutty preparedÊ’ ss fiat Collyrium This Collyrie commonly called Eleiser roborates the eye and hinders the lapse of the fourth membrane or uvea and it is thus confected â„ž Collyrium Elciser Antimony Lapit Hematit anaÊ’ x. Acacia â„¥ ss AloesÊ’ j. let them be finely powdered cum aqua * * * Knotgrass Corrigiolae fiant Trochisci and when occasion calls for them dissolve one of them in white Rose water This other Collyrie which hath its denomination of Lead is endued with a sarcotical and consolidative faculty and is thus made â„ž A Collyrie of Lead Burnt Lead Antimony Tutty washed burnt Brass Gum Araback Traganth ana â„¥ j. Opium â„¥ ss make of these a Powder and with white Rose water form them into Trochisks which dissolve in white Rose water This Collyrie of Lanfrancus so called in whose Works I could never yet finde it is excellent against the French disease and is thus described by the antient Writers â„ž Collyrium Lanfranci White Wine lb j. of the water of Plantain and Roses of each a much as will suffice AuripigmentumÊ’ ij VerdigreaseÊ’ j. Alâ—es Myrrke ana ℈ ij let these be finely powdered and make thereof a Collyrium CHAP. XII Of Virgins milk VIrgins milk is one of those Medicaments which the sedulity of our age hath invented the making of which works no small admiration in the Vulgar whil'st of two unicolourous juices mixed together they educe a third white viscid and lent substance like milk to the spectators eyes Thus many exhibiting a specimen of their ingeny are believed to do miracles while they onely unfold Natures secrets Lac virginale cur dicitur Now it is called Virgins milk partly from its colour whereby it is like milk partly from its consistency and virtues wherein it is eximious even to delete the freckles of the skin which change and adulterate the virgin and genuine colour of the face This topical Medicament is made after many wayes whereof this is the most ordinary Receipt â„ž Litharidge of Gold finely powderedÊ’ iij. white wine vinegar of the best and strongest lb. ss mingle them together stir them with a wooden spatula for three hours afterwards filter the liquor through a brown paper in the form of a funnel
we shall hereafter declare Now Anethum is of a bicubital procerity with rotund and geniculated surcles leafs dissected small like capillaries luteous flowers on its muscary plain small foliated and pallid seed and a hard fibrous root it is sowen in Gardens and annually revives from the deciduous seed its odour is grave and yet jucund and sweet It calefies and siccates in the second degree Vires being introsumed it moves urine allayes gripings and flatuosity abates singulture evokes milk and augments it it incides attenuates and cocts humours CHAP. LXXIIII Of Macedonian Petroseline PEtroseline is either vulgar frequent in our Gardens which Physitians call Garden Smallage and the vulgarity Parsley which as a gratefull Pot-herb is inservient to culinary uses Or Macedonian which is diversely depinged by herbalists For Lobelius contends that in caul leafes umbells and seed it is very like the vulgar or Garden Parsley onely it growes in Praerupt and saxous places whence it is called Petrapium and Petroseline so that ours and the Garden is one the wild and the Macedonian Parsley the same also yet Fuchsius saith it hath leafes like Pimpinella and seeds like Ammi Odorate Acrmionious and Aromaolent And this same description he received not onely by tradition from Dioscorides but saw and experienced for when he had committed the seed of Macedonian Petroseline to the Earth he found the Plant thence produced to beare leafes respondent to Pimpinella and seed conditionated as Dioscorides had described It growes copiously in Macedonia especially in rough and saxous places It calefies and siccates notably moves urine educes flowers Vires eases the colicall dolour mitigates gripings cures the dolours of the sides Reins and Liver discusses flatuosity attenuates incides and successefully ingredes the confecture of Antidotes CHAP. LXXV Of Coriander THough Coriander be a tetrous and graveolent herb yet is it sowen and cultivated in Gardens for its grains by frication depose their ingratefull odour and become suaveolent its surcle is very slender round cubitall and ramous its leafes are at first like them of Adiantum laciniated and variously incided for the part next the caul is lesse sected the remoter more its flowers are white on large umbells its seed made round firme somwhat striated and inane which at first is green then luteously white its root short hard and fibrous the odour of its leafes is putrid and tetrous It seed is commonly prepared with Vinegar for the castigation of some inique quality but desiccation effects as much so that it may thenceforth be desumed without further preparation Coriander is refrigerative according to Dioscorides and cures biles pimples and inflammations if taken in bread or pancakes Vires But Galen dissents from this tenent proveing it to be calid and not to help biles or the like but onely small watry powks for it calefies moderately resiccates manifestly and is somwhat astrictive CHAP. LXXVI Of Capers THe Caper shrub growes spontaneously in many places makeing much prouent in dry and desart fields without the help of the Ploughman it is a senticous shrub low and hamated with many a dark Prickles whose aculeated branches are orbicularly spread on the ground its leafes are circinated like them of Quince-Trees out of whose wings erupt long pedicles capitulated with round umbells which dehisteing expand white flwers whereunto long fruits full of Acinous seeds succeed These rudments of flowers or small heads while they are yet nodose and not explicate are by Pharmacopolists evelled condited and brine and kept for Capers the lesser are better then the larger this conditure makes them more suaue and whol-some both for medicinall uses and esure the root of this shrub is also praescinded its bark separated siccated and text Capers afford but small Aliment to their assumers because of the tenuity of their parts and are therefore rather subserivent to mediniall uses yet they mutuate a certain savour pergratefull to the stomack from this brine that invites the ranseative to banquets and revotes the languishing appetite Caper both fruit and root is calefactive extersive and purgative Vires it incides and digests roborates helpes and minuates the spleen removes obstructions and cures all diseases ariseing from the insariture imbecillity of the spleen CHAP. LXVXII Of upright holy suckles or Woodbind THis Plant the Romans call volucrum majus somtimes Caprifolium scribonius largus calls it Matrisglua and some the Lilly among Thornes it is a Surculons Lignous and Scansory shrub circumuoluring it self about the Vicine-Trees and with its obsequious surcles ascending their summities T is leafes which are posited at distance and two together at each Genicle are long smooth sofi of a whitish green colour more white one the lower side its flowers white and somtimes flave long fistulous gapeing in their extremities many congested together Garland wise and suaveolent out of whose middle come some lusts its fruit somwhat red round racemously cohaerem wherein a hard seed is contained its root is crasse and lignous and of no use in Pharmany It growes in Woods and Hedges so straightly amplexing trees sometimes that it leaves thereon the impression of its circumvolutions Some of these Woodbinds in amplexing the vicine trees take their rounds from the Orient to the Occident others from the occident to the orient and that at all times and in all places It calefies and siccates evidently diminishes the Spleen conduces to the orthopnoical moves urine adimates singultion accelerates delivery in birth deleates the pimples of the face Vires and by long use causes sterility both in man and woman Xylosteron is very like this honey-suckle or woodbind but that it needs no fulciments for its supporture as this requires CHAP. LXXVIII Of Broom THe very Maids know Broom which they collect and colligate for Beesoms ours growes in incultivated and dry places and is wild the Spanish Broom which is our Garden Broom is like the wild but its branches leafs and flowers are larger The flowrs of the Spanish Broom are more graveolent then its branches the branches of the wild Broom more tetrous then its flowers There is a low kind of Broom which we call Genistella whose caulicles are each way extended into membranous wings instead of leafs which is neglected as uselesse in medicine Broom flourishes at the beginning of the spring whose flowers not then perfectly explicated are collected and condited with Vinegar and Salt and kept for Winter-Acetaries like Capers It calefies and siccates to the second degree its flowers are chiefly commended to the expediating of the infarctures of the Spleen and Liver one dragme or a dragme and a half of its feed brayed and drunk in three ounces of sweet water Vires moves and subduces the belly opens the bladder and cures Strangury CHAP. LXXIX Of Savine THere are two sorts of Savine the one bacciferous the other devoid of all fruit both lowe like Juniper and alwayes green Species that which is not gravidated with Berries
use them wholly or some part or excrement of them to the curation of our diseases nutrication of our bodies or instauration of our strength for Musk and Givet though excrements wonderfully roborate the heart and spirits Insects are integrally usurped such as be Spanish-Flyes Asels Worms Lizards Ants Vipers Scorpions Frogs Crabs Swallows and some littles Birds The Medicinal parts of Animals are many as a mans scull unburied a Harts heart-bone Sparrows and Hares brains Boars and Elephants teeth Frogs hearts Foxes Lungs Goats Livers Wolves intestines Beavers and Cocks testicles Hogs bladders Harts genitals Serpents skins Mans Hogs Gooses Sheeps Ducks Badgers Conies Goats Snakes and Land-Snakes fat Harts Calves and Goats marrow Mans Stock-Doves and Goats blood all Milk and all that comes of it as Whey Cheese and Butter Hens Partridges and Ants eggs Honey Wax Propolis Harts Does and Unicorns horns Elkes Oxes and Goats Cleyes Oysters Margarites and many fishes shells And seeing excrements have their Medicinal vertues Pharmacopolists must also have them in keeping as Goats Dogs Storks Peacocks and Stock-Doves dung Sheeps grease Silk Musk Civet and the hairs of some Animals And that I may briefly complect all all the simple Medicaments we have described in our three Books of Medicinal matter are necessary for a Pharmacopolist CHAP. 35. Of Compound Medicaments to be kept in Pharmacopolies VVHen the Pharmaceutrical Art was not yet reducted to an Art nor any Medicaments save a few described or digested into order then what compounds should be retained and what rejected was not determinable Nicolaus Praepositus indeed described many Medicaments some whereof he himself disapproves of others he transcribed not faithfully and others he depraved by changing something in them so that from his writings we cannot conjecture what to keep or what not Nic. Alexandrinus heaps up such a mole of Medicaments that they would rather puzzle then help an Apothecary Actuarius also Aetius and Oribasius describe many which consisting of unknown and rare Simples are found either inept or neglected as indued with no eximious qualities Amongst the latter Writers Ferneleus Sylvius and Rondeletius have diligently examined the Medicaments invented by the Ancients and have rejected some as inconcinnate others they have proved illustrated and commended as invented by riper Judgements and indued with Nobler faculties I have diligently selected the most excellent from learned men and the most approved from old and expert men and of them extracted my Pharmaceutrical shop or Antidotary orderly composed into six books wherein all the approved troop of Alterative Purgative and Roborative Medicaments are described which being used either by intrinsecal assumption or extrinsecal adhibition I have exhibited those to be introsumed if Alteratives in form either of syrupes or sapes or conserves or eclegms if Purgatives either in the form of a liquid Electuary or a solid one or Trochisks or Pills if Roboratives either in form of a powder or an opiate confection or of Pastils those to be extraneously adhibited either in form of an Oyl or an Unguent or a salve All which receipts and forms of Medicaments we have exhibited in distinct Books and Chapters described in a good method wherein all the Medicaments are contained wherewith Pharmacopolies should be furnished and guarded He shall require no more neither can he be well furnished with fewer who desires well to cure the several affections of mans body The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY THE FIRST BOOK Of Alterative and Preparative Medicaments Distinguished into eight SECTIONS The first whereof describes onely Syrupes selected and approved by long use THE PREFACE HOw necessary a Method is in delivering of Disciplines I think is well known to any moderately-learned man For without a method there is no certain rule neither for Learner or Teacher to walk by but with this Arts are more firmly established their Theorems more optably read and easily learned Yet you shall scarce finde two who in writing Antidotaries have kept in one rode or disposed their Compounds in one order Some preposterously propose Nic. Praepositus for their example who himself imitating one Nic. Alexandrinus out of whose Works he excerpted those his Works he calls Joan. Agricol Ammonius and M. Tatius Alpin went on Alphabetically treating first of those Medicaments which begun with the letter A then with the letter B and so he spoke promiscuously of the Antidotes Acetum Scylliticum and Amylum Sylvius Fernelius and Joubertus of the later Writers have assayed by certain Laws and Rules to establish an orderly and duly-disposed method yet they much dissent among themselves and what one of them approves another disapproves yet all think that order is best which curation prescribes for a series of words onely demonstrate We have observed this method in our Shop wherein are contained all Medicaments for the expugnation of all diseases not confusedly described but such as must be introsumed are digested in the former part of the Antidotary such as must be extrinsecally adhibited in the latter part thereof The first part is distributed into three Books the first whereof treats of Alterative and Preparative Medicaments the second of Purgatives and the third of Cordials or Roboratives Each Book is disterminated into many Sections and they subdivided into many Chapters the first whereof treats of Syrupes and first of such as are made of the first and Spring-flowers as Syrupe of Violets Syrupe of Coltsfoot and of the flowers of Peach-trees CHAP. 1. Syrupus Violarum or Syrupe of Violets â„ž of Violet flowers fresh and picked 2 lb. Infuse them eight houres in 5 pints of hot scalding water in a close * * * An Insusionpot The Author appoints an equal quantity of sugar to the infusion pot well glazed afterwards press them out and the same Infusion made hot again adde to it the same quantity as before of fresh Violets Infusing them 8 hours more and so sive times repeated adde to the Colature 10 lb. â„¥ x. of Loaf-sugar and so make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Nature alone confects no Syrups but they acquire their mixtion coction and consistence by Art yet that which is made of Violets Water and Sugar onely is called a simple Syrupe in reference to the more compound which besides these admit of the seeds of Quinces Mallowes Jujubs Sebesten and the water of Gourds whose Authour they make Mesue but that I know of I never found it thus confected in him That which we call the Simple Syrupe is made in every Pharmacopoly but not alike simply confected for it is sometimes made of the succe of Violets and Sugar sometimes of the same infused and expressed twice thrice or oftener for many infuse and macerate new Violets seven times others eight and some nine But Fernelius thinks that so oft iterated infusion is needless They in vain saith he reiterate the maceration of Violets nine times for Syrupe of Violets seeing after the third or fourth infusion the Syrupe will be as efficacious as after more But I
Liquorice may be added for besides its sweetness it hath a quality like the capillaries yet some reject it because it makes the syrupe more flave but the quality and vertue must be more looked after then the colour The Parisian Apothecaries make it accurately according to the description here given and it is most eximiously Medicinal they that do otherwise mixing but a small quantity of capillaries and macerating them lightly make indeed a pellucid syrupe but both in colour and vertue aqueous and so defraud the Patient of his expectation and the Physician of his scope This is the most celebrated of Preparative syrupes Vires for it is very useful to oppugne all affections of the breast liver spleen reins uterus and to tenuate and prepare humours for it tempers and cocts choler incides phlegme makes the melancholical humour easie to be expurged yea often subduces the belly by much use it moves expectoration incides and cocts the humours contained in the Lungs and educes them by a second purge CHAP. 11. Syrupus capel Vener Monspelie or Syrupe of Monspelian Maidens-hair ℞ of Maiden-hair fresh and cut m.ij. infuse it twelve hours in a sufficient quantity of water afterwards boyl it a little clarifie the Colature and to lb v. thereof adde lb iiij of Sugar to boyl it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is most frequently and simply compounded in the City Montpessier being onely made of the light decoction of true Maidens-hair clarified and sugar cocted to the consistence of a syrupe For thus it is most grateful both in colour and sapour and yet that is more grateful to the palate which admits of Rose-water which is adjected by the Court-Apothecaries that they may by guile rather then science gain their Princes and Nobles grace and get their money by subtilty It is of affine qualities but more imbecile then that which admits of all the Capillaries and Liquorice for it is more ignave in inciding and attenuating the humours and opening the passages and that is most imbecile which admits of Rose-water Vires for its faculty being somewhat astrictive reluctates with those of the Capillaries CHAP. 12. Syrupus de quinta radicibus or Syrupe of the five opening roots ℞ of the root of Smallage Fennel Parsly Butchers broom Asparagrass of each ℥ iiij boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till it comes to lb iiij adde thereunto as much Sugar as will make it up into a Syrupe according to art The COMMENTARY The roots must be first cleansed then washed cut in pieces their middle cut out and rejected then brayed and cocted some would have the coction made in eight pounds of water cocted to five whereunto when strained and clarified they adde four pound of Sugar which manner and proportion I approve of Some would have some Vinegar added to the decoction that its incisive faculty may be augmented but when use calls for it it may be diluted in some attenuating opening or other fit liquour as the Medicks scope requires Some make it onely of two roots to wit Petroseline and Fennel roots but seeing it is less efficacious and the other roots easily attainable it is better to make it with five roots and then they shall not need that which is made of two But if one more studious of curiosity then necessity would rather have it of two let him take of Petroseline and Fennel-roots each four ounces coct them in a sufficient quantity of water and adde to two pounds of the colature two pounds of Sugar and make a syrupe It incides and attenuates crass and glutinous humours Vires diduces the passages removes obstructions expels Urine moves fluors ejects sand and emends the foetid colour of Virgins and the Jaundies CHAP. 13. Syrupus de Althea or Syrupe of Marshmallows Des Fer. ℞ of the roots of Marshmallows ℥ ij red Licers ℥ i. of the roots of Grass Asparagrass Liquorice Raisins stoned of each ℥ ss the tops of Marsh-mallowes Mallowes Pellitory Pimpinel Plantain both the Maiden-hairs of each m j. of the four greater and lesser coole seeds of eachʒ iij. boyl them in lb vj. of water till four remain and with lb iij. of Sugar make it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY The use of this syrupe is much celebrated in Paris both for its eximious faculties and its Authors dignity to whom posterity is much engaged for his illustration of the Medicinal Art and for those many Medicaments wherewith he hath furnished Apothecaries shops Syrupe of Althea is most useful to sanative Medicks its preparation is thus The roots must first be purged and washed then cocted afterwards the Liquorice must be cocted for by long coction it grows bitter then the herbs and afterwards the seeds be made in water to the dissipation of its third part Why liquorice must not be long boyled for longer coction makes the decoction more viscid all the Simples whereof it consists are dilucidly explicated in the first Book of Medicinal Matter This syrupe expurges crass and pituitous matters Qualitates takes away obstructions impels the sand in the Reins and abates the heat of Urine CHAP. 14. Syrupus de Cichor comp cum Rhaeo or Syrupe of Succory compounded with Rhabarb Des Nic. Florent ℞ of the roots of Smallage Fennel Asparagrass Barley whole of each ℥ ij The herbs of Succory Dandilyon Endive smooth Sowthistle of each ℥ ij both the Lettices Liverwort Fumatory Hops an m.j. both the Maiden-hairs Wall-rue Ceterach Liquorice Winter-cherries the seeds of Dodder of eachʒ vj. Boyl these in lb xij of water or a sufficient quantity till a third part be consumed to the Colature adde lb vj. of Sugar which boyl up to a Syrupe and in the boyling to every pound of the Syrupe adde of Rhabarb ℥ ss and Spikenard ℈ iiij tyed up in a rag and hung in the Syrupe The COMMENTARY Nicolaus Praepositus whom most Apothecaries have as president doubles the quantity of Rhabarb prescribed eight times and addes four ounces of Rhabarb to every pound of syrupe so that for every ounce of syrupe there are four dragms of Rhabarb and thus it is made all over Paris That it may be exhibited when use calls for it without delay some onely quadruplicate or triplicate the quantity This so ample quantity of Rhabarb displeases Fernelius Joubertus and others as being of no utility but much loss who think that it were more profitable when use calls for it to infuse some Rhabarb in a convenient decoction and mix it with the syrupe because its purgative faculty perishes by coction and asservation Yet they act prudently that make it with eight times as much Rhabarb though its faculties be more imbecile yet it hath other qualities thereby bettered The syrupe of Succory compounded with Rhabarb is alliotical Qualitates roborative and purgative it allayes the heat of the intrails demulceates the acrimony of choler opens the veins takes away obstructions roborates the liver
SECOND BOOK Of most selected and approved Purgative Medicaments THE PREFACE THe multitude of Compounded Purgatives are almost innumerable their forms multifarious and their preparations various We shall here exhibit the most select best and approved and those either in form of a liquid or solid Electuary as Opiates or Hierae or in form of Pills and Trochisks For Pharmacopolists seldome keep Purgatives in form of Powders or Potions We shall adde the manner and reason of their confecting and the quality of the Confection But we shall withall omit many Purges described by the Ancients because their use is not salubre nor a due order observed in their Composition as admitting of many noxious useless and unknown Medicaments We shall also neglect many described and invented by late men who being covetous of vain-glory cognominated some after their own Titles and from a fictitious effect We shall I say relinquish such and give onely the more select approved and useful We dissect this Treatise into four Sections In the first whereof we speak of liquid Electuaries in the third of solid ones in the fourth of Pills and in the second of bitter Confections which Medicks call Hierae CHAP. 1. Diacassia D. N. Praepos â„ž of the flowers and leaves of Violets Mallows Beets Pellitory Roman Wormwood of each m. ss boyl in lb iiij of water till half be consumed to the Colature adde of Honey lb j. boyl it to the consistence of a liquid Electuary then mingle with it Gassia lb j. and so make it into an Electuary and repose it in a fit vessel The COMMENTARY All do not make Diacassia alike for some coct the succes of Plants with honeys to a fit crassitude and then adject the Cassia others elixate the Plants and in the colature dilute Cassia and Honey and then fervefie the whole mixture to the consistence of a liquid Electuary But that manner wherein the Cassia is so long cocted is disapproveable but the other whereby the Canes wherein the Cassia is contained are washed in the strained decoction and afterwards a pound of honey added and they cocted to a legitimate spissitude that by the adjection of a pound of Cassia they may become an Electuary is very good Some in stead of honey mix sugar therewith others both some adde Manna others Senny others other Medicaments and so confect various Electuaries of Cassia whereunto I assent not For it is enough that we have Diacassia made according to the prescript for Glysters and if the pith of Cassia must be assumed at the mouth it may be extracted fresh and taken alone or mixed with other Medicaments as the Medick requires But Aegyptian or Oriental Cassia should be selected which is without redly black and within full of a fat medullous and black matter which is of force to contemperate heat wash the Belly and gently purge the Body and may thence be securely given to Boyes Old-men and pregnant Women for it subduces the Belly without molestation but it is thought procurative of flatulency and therefore many educe its pith in the vapour of cocted Anise or Fennel others mix some Cinamon with it and Coraeus gives it with some grains of Berberries to such as have weak Intestines I hear of a new kinde of Cassia brought from Brasile a half ounce whereof doth more move the Belly and copiously educe humours then a whole ounce of the vulgar and oriental Diacassia is a benign Medicament and purges clemently it allayes the heat of the Mesentery gently moves the Belly humectates its siccity and by lubrication and detersion deposes the excrements by stool CHAP. 2. Electuarium lenitivum or The lenitive Electuary â„ž of Polypody of the Oak Senny picked Raisins stoned of each â„¥ ij Mercury m. j.ss Barley Maiden-hair Violets of each m. ss Jujubees Sebestens of each num xx Prunes stoned Tamarinds of eachÊ’ vj. LiquoriceÊ’ ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till a third part be consumed to the Colature adde Pulp of Cassia-Fistula Tamarinds Prunes Loaf-sugar and Sugar of Violets of each â„¥ vj. Senny powdred â„¥ iij. ss make it into an Electuary according to Art The COMMENTARY The Raisins which ingrede this confection should be purged from their stones if white Adiantum or true Maidens-hair cannot be had Polytrichum may be substituted in its stead Conserve of Violets or Sugar of Violets may be mixed at pleasure He that judges Conserves inept in Electuaries may adde Anise or sweet Fennel-seed or a little Cinamon yet this Electuary hath hitherto been confected without any of them and the users have not found any molestation from flatulency The fruits whose pulps must be educed must be humectated in a part of the prepared decoction another part thereof with sugar must be made into a Syrupe and the pulps with sugar of Violets mixed with it while hot then must an ounce and an half or at least an ounce and three dragms of well-levigated Senny be added to every pound of the Composition whereof they say Rhasis is Author This lenitive Electuary thus cognominated from its effect Vires levifies mollifies and subduces the Belly educes all obvious but especially pituitous and melancholical humours without molestation it helps against the Pleurisie and other pectoral affections The Florentine Medicks describe another by the name of the Magisterial Electuary which admits of Turpentine Ginger and Scammony which our Shop may well be without CHAP. 3. Electuarium Catholicum or The Catholical Electuary â„ž of Polypody of the Oak well bruised lb j. pure water lb ix boyl them together till a third part be consumed and in two parts of the decocoction let there be boyled Sugar lb viij to which adde pulp of Cassia and Tamarinds madefied with the other part of the decoction of the leaves of Senny of each â„¥ viij of the best Rhabarb Polypody sweet Fennel-seeds Violets of each â„¥ iiij of the four greater cool seeds of each â„¥ j. Liquorice Penidees Sugar-Candy of each â„¥ ss make into an Electuary The COMMENTARY That this universal Antidote may be duly confected many things must be brayed and prepared apart and first of all Polypody which being twice assumed must be bifariously prepared In the first course it must be brayed only pretty grosly in the second it must be levigated very small that which is onely contunded must be long cocted in the prescribed or sufficient quantity of water and a Syrupe must be made of two parts of its colature and sugar The Tamarinds and Cassia must be humectated with the rest that their pulps may be more easily separated and secerned The Rhabarb must be brayed alone the Senny Liquorice Fennel and Violets both alone and together twice as much of the Syrupe of Violets may be mixed in stead of the Violets the four cold seeds must be excorticated and minutely cut with a Pen-knife then must the Penidia and Sugar be pulverated then must all be put together and agitated with a ligneous Pestel or Rudicle till
they become an Electuary of a legitimate consistence And the composition of this solemn Medicament is not onely various but there are also various opinions concerning its Author for Sylvius seems to ascribe the invention thereof to Galen Joubertus to Nicolaus Myrepsicus Bauderonius to Nicolaus Salernitanus Adolphus Occon to Nicolaus Praepositus Valer. Cordus to Nicolaus Alexandrinus who indeed hath described it but not as it is vulgarly made But none know certainly to which of these to attribute its invention but all call it Nicolaus his Catholicum not adding his Sirname Now this Medicament is called Catholical or Universal either because it expurges all humours or because it draws them from all parts of the Body That which is made according to this prescript is called Simple Catholicum in reference to the more compound which receives twice as much Rhabarb and Senny yet neither of them substantially or in powder ingrede that same as they do this simple Catholicum but the Senny is cocted and the Rhabarb infused and its expression joyned with the mixture which formed into an Electuary is called Catholicum Duplicatum Many coct Anise and Fennel and others Coriander-seed with Polypody to discuss its flatuosity but there is Fennel enough in the description to effect this so that there is no need to congest so many Medicaments of the same faculty together If any like not Anise he may in its stead substitute sweet Fennel or Coriander or an equal weight of each yea any may adde some Cinamon to make it more grateful and it will be of good consequence The rest I leave to the old description which most Medicks approve of and prefer before many purges which to pervert as Rondeletius hath done were a piece of a piacle Some keep a certain Catholicum in their shops for Glysters different from the common one onely in this that it admits of onely old and worse Rhabarb and is confected with Honey in stead of Sugar That which is very purgative wherein Apothecaries put Turpentine Coloquintida and Hermodactyls is not good I hear of some that make a more liquid Catholicon onely of Syrupe and the infusion of some pulps but its faculties being very imbecile and not respondent to the scope of the Author whoever first made it I think it is not now kept or prepared Fernelius gives more descriptions of Catholicum one whereof amongst other things receives Hellecampane Hyssop Ginger Cinamon Nutmeg and Honey another amongst Purgatives Agarick Turpentine and Diacridium which compositions made by a perite artificer are good but they are seldome kept in shops Let that then which we have according to the Ancients minde here described be continually kept for the true Catholicum in each Pharmacopoly It clemently and gently purges all humours cures Fevers Vires and acute diseases especially such as proceed from the prave disposition of the Spleen and Liver CHAP. 4. Diaprunum seu Diadamascenum simplex or Simple Diaprunum or Diadamascenum D.N.Myr. â„ž of fresh and ripe Damask-Prunes n. 100. boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till they grow soft then let them be pulped through a hair-sieve In the percolated Colature boyl the flowers of Violets â„¥ j. In the Colature dissolve Sugar lb ij boyl them into a Syrupe to which adde the pulp of the aforesaid Prunes inspissated by it self lb j. of the pith of Cassia and Tamarinds of each â„¥ j. then sprinkle in these following Powders viz. White Sanders red Sanders Rhabarb of eachÊ’ iij. Roses Violets the seeds of Purslain Endive Berberries Juyce of Liquorice Thraganth of eachÊ’ ij of the four greater cool seeds of eachÊ’ j. make it into an Electuary according to Art The COMMENTARY The description of this Electuary shews the manner of its confection which indeed is the best though some make it otherwise who wash and elixate not onely the pulps of Plums and Tamarinds but of Cassia also to the consistence of Honey with a Syrupe whereunto they afterwards adde the Powders that together with its desired faculty it may acquire its legitimate consistence But all agree not about the quantity of Violets for some according to Nic. Myrepsus his decree take onely half an ounce others an ounce and a half we aiming at the mean take one ounce to be a little cocted in the strained decoction of the Plums Some besides the Authors intention adde Cinamon but we think it unfit for a lenitive and refrigerative Medicament And we judge no otherwise of Berberries-seeds though we know that they are roborative for Diaprunum may easily be without their help seeing it admits of Rhabarb and Roses which are farre more roborative and seeing its main faculty should rather be lenitive then roborative But that they call Spodium is not once to be thought of in this confection because the Grecian Spodium is noxious and the Arabian cannot be had and is withall inconvenient as also Antispodium which being nothing but burnt Ivory hath no affinity with the burnt Roots of Cane which Avicenna calls Spodium as we have shewed in our third Book of Medicinal Matter Chap. 11. CHAP. 5. Diaprunum compositum seu laxativum or The Compound or laxative Diaprunum D.N.Myr. â„ž of the simple Diaprunum afore-prescribed lb j. Scammony prepared â„¥ ss mingle them and make them into an Electuary The COMMENTARY Both the sorts of Diaprunum are compounded and laxative but the simple not admitting of Diacridium subduces the Belly easily scarce moving the first region of the Body the other which admitting of Diagridium moves the Belly potently and deduces humours from all parts is called the more compound Onely one ounce of Diacridium is added to each pound of the simple Diaprunum so that one ounce of the Electuary contains but one scruple of the same Nic. Salernitanus doth perversly augment the weight of the Diacridium mixing seven dragms thereof with each pound of the Electuary for so its purgative faculty becomes more efferous and its use more unsafe Diacridium must be levigated very small and put to the Electuary while hot This Diaprunum Vires besides those qualities it hath common with the other purges potently and yet without molestation it is successfully used in the diseases of the Reins and Bladder in Fevers and all calid affections CHAP. 6. Diaphoenicum seu Confectio de Dactylis or Diaphoenicum or Confection of Dates D. Mes â„ž of Dates not perfectly ripe macerated three dayes in VinegarÊ’ 100. PenideesÊ’ l. of the best TurbithÊ’ xxx DiagridiumÊ’ xij Ginger Long Pepper Rue dryed Cinamon Mace Lignum Aloes the seeds of Anise Fennel Carret Galangal of eachÊ’ ij Honey despumed lb ss or as much as will suffice to bring it into the consistency of a solid Electuary The COMMENTARY Seeing Dates of a perfect magnitude and not absolutely mature are somewhat flave there is no need of this word Kirron in the prescript which vulgar Apothecaries usually adde for if they derive it from the Greeks it signifies flave if from the Barbarians who
Hermodactyls do not onely draw phlegm but bile also from the articles their efferous quality is castigated by condited Quinces flesh Manna Diatragacanthum and Sugar are put to leniate and temper to deterge and move phlegm and Honey to conserve Diacarthamum must be thus prepared The seed of Carthamus must first be decorticated then brayed afterwards Ginger Turbith and Hermodactyls must be pulverated then Diagridium and Candid Sugar and Quinces the Honey Manna and Cidoniatum must be then mixt with the Sugar cocted to the consistence of a Syrupe whilst hot and afterwards the powders that they make a solid Electuary to be discinded into tabels It is of frequent use Vires and is kept ready almost in all Pharmacopolies it purges pituitous humours potently not onely from the ventricle and Mesentery but also from more remote parts if it be assumed in greater quantity it detracts also something of Bile wherefore it helps not onely in quotidian and meerly pituitous Fevers but in complicated also which arise from the mixture of divers humors CHAP. 2. Elect. de succo Rosar or An Electuary of the succe of Roses ℞ of the depurated Juyce of red Roses lb j. Sugar lb j. ss boyl them into a solid Electuary to which add of the three Sanders of each ℥ ss Mastickʒ ij ℈ ij dry Citron-pillʒ j. Camphyr ℈ j. make of these a hard and solid Electuary which roll out upon a board and last into Tallets every one to weighʒ j. ss orʒ ij at least The COMMENTARY I am not he who for ostentation would change the old and promulgate new sentences but to pass my judgement on such things as are spoken or written without reason and here I challenge liberty to Philosophize And now I seeing this Electuary described by Myrepsus discerpted from Salernitanus variously patched and ill concinnated by the more recent I feared not to diminish the too heavy weight augment the too light and change the inept things All which I did with consultation not precipitantly I seeing no reason that the succe of Roses should be of equal weight with the Sugar I diminish the quantity of the succe and augment the Sugar well knowing that a pound of Sugar will sooner and better be cocted to the consistence of a Syrupe or an Electuary in half a pound of Roses succe then in a whole one and its faculties will not be much more imbecile but roborative enough Something also I have detracted from the weight of the Santals and have substituted a little of the Pill of Oranges in its stead partly to conciliate more suavity and partly to arceate putretude and recreate the vitals Some leave out Camphyre because of its strong sent but I approve of it for its halite quality makes the Electuary more grateful and its permeative quality more efficacious I have in stead of Spodium which cannot be had Antispodium which being onely burnt Ivory is not proper substituted Mastick to roborate the Ventricle and castigate Scammony Burnt Ivory is foolishly and ineptly called Spodium and substituted for the fictitious Arabian Spodium for let Apothecaries believe as they will there is but one true Spodium and that is the Graecian Pompholix which should never be introsumed The Arabian Interpreters are also miserably out in rendring Tabaxir Spodium and Spodium Burnt Ivory for Tabaxir is the succe or concreted liquor of certain Trees or very crass and tall Reeds which by the agitation of the wind and their mutual collision sometimes conflagrate from which burning Avicenna mendicated his Spodium or rather Tabaxir which his infidous Interpreter Clusius calls his Spodium But we get not this Tabaxir from India nor the ashes of these burnt Canes from Arabia neither would they be of much use in Medicine if we had them nor yet doth burnt Ivory respond to them as a substitute therefore they must either be quite expunged or some other congruous Medicament placed in their stead In the vulgar description there are ℈ xxxvj of Diagridium for each ounce of the composition But in our emendation there accedes onely half a dragm of Diagridium to each ounce of the compound and yet it is so valid and potent that it may well retain its old name The spur of Purgatives for in a small mole it hath much of efficacy The manner of its preparation is the same with Diacarthamum and that is apparent enough by the description of the form some take onely the distilled succe of Roses wherein they macerate their Tragacanthum and extract a Mucago for the comprehension of the Powders and the concinnation of their solid Electuary But I had rather inspissate the succe in S. Maries Bath to the spissitude of a Rob that so it might better concorporate the Powders If any will use unprepared Scammony for Diagridium he may upon good grounds leave the wonted quantity of Roses succe This Electuary is meerly cholagogous Vires and by educing choler potently cures such affections as proceed from that humour CHAP. 3. Electuarium de Citro solutivum ℞ of the bark of Citron-Pill condited of the Conserve of Violets of the Conserve of Bugloss-flowers Pul Diatrag. frigid of each ℥ ss Turbithʒ v. Ginger ʒ ss Sennyʒ j. sweet Fennel-seedʒ j. white Sugar dissolved in rose-Rose-water and cocted according to Art ℥ x. make it into a solid Electuary If this our restituted description arride not any one so well as that antick one of Stephanus Arnaldus or Guidon Cauliacus he may here take it ℞ of the Conserve of Violets of Borrage of eachʒ ij the roots of Bugloss Citron-Pill condited of eachʒ j. Gingerʒ ss Pul Diatrag. frigid ʒ ij Diagridiumʒ iij. Turbith ℥ ss Sennyʒ v. Sugar ℥ x. Let this Electuary be made into Tablets every one weighing ℥ ss which is the just dose The COMMENTARY This laxative Electuary of Oranges is a Catholical or Universal Cathartick for it draws both the Biles and Phlegm potently and without molestation especially that which we described first wherein every Purgative hath its castigator as Senny Fennel Turbith Ginger Diagridium condite Orange-Pill Conserves and Rose-water wherein the Sugar is cocted All which roborate the heart and faculties and mitigate the said Purgatives The Powder of Diatragacanthum is put in to leniate the Sugar to deterge leniate and conserve VVe have also added four times the quantity of Orange-Pill both because it is its basis and because it recreates the principal parts of the body VVe also thought good to augment the quantity of Diagridium to bear some proportion with the rest otherwise its Purgative faculty being already imbecile would be made more impotent by the increment of the Conserves the Basis then of the Medicament the roboratives purgatives and castigatories being by us rightly described the whole as amended may be of most safe easie and approved use The Sugar should be cocted a little below the consistence of a solid Electuary because of the quantity of powders It is of very much use for it much
wherewith they mix the Powder of Worms But I had rather make it thus ℞ of Steel well preparedʒ ij Cinamonʒ ss the species for the Electuary of the three Sanders and de Gemmis of each ℈ j. the Powder of Dictamus ℈ ss with Sugar dissolved in Balm-water ℥ iiij of which make Tablets ofʒ iij. weight or ℥ ss one whereof take in the morning fasting They used to put more Sugar to Cordial Tabels but then they are less efficacious THE SECOND PART Of Powders necessary to be had in Shops IN the former part of this Section we have tradited onely most select Cordial Powders omitting onely such whose qualities were affine and similar whose descriptions were ungrounded and use disapproved Now in this second part we shall treat of such as being more frigid and sweeter are not as the former Aromatical but Bechical and Thoracical for they are convenient for the Cough of the Lungs and all Thoracical affections CHAP. 17. Pulvis Diaireos simplex ℞ of Florentine Orris ℥ ss Sugar-candy Pul. Diatrag. frigid of eachʒ ij make of them all a Powder to be kept for use The COMMENTARY The Author of this Powder is most uncertain but its use most frequent it should be conveniently excepted in Sugar duly cocted in the white of an Egge clarified with Coltsfoot-water and concinnated into Tabels or Lozenges Each ounce of Powder must have a pound of Sugar yea they sometimes put two ounces of Sugar to one dragm of Powder and the Electuary thus made is more grateful but less efficacious as on the contrary when each dragm of Powder receives an ounce of Sugar The manner of its preparation is so easie that it needs no further description It stayes the distillation of the Jaws Vires attenuates cocts and expectorates crass humours There is another composition of Diaireos denoted by Solomons name which being harder to make more insuave and no whit more efficacious is seldome made CHAP. 18. Pulvis Diatragacanthi frigidi or The Powder of cold Diatragacanthum D. Myrep ℞ of Penidees ℥ iij. Gum Thraganth ℥ j. Gum Arabickʒ x. Starch ℥ ss the seeds of white Poppyʒ iij. of the four greater cool seeds Liquorice of eachʒ ij Camphyr ℈ ss make of these a Powder The COMMENTARY This Powder hath its name and basis from Tragacanthum which in its composition is most prepollent It receives many Bechical viscid refrigerative and lenitive simples whereunto Myrepsus its Author addes Nettle-seed as very accommodate for the attenuation and expurgation of crass humours which because it makes the compound both in colour and sapour ingrateful is by Neotericks omitted others supplying its faculty better It is kept either in form of a Powder as the rest or of a tabulated Electuary each ounce of Powder admitting of a pound of Sugar It helps all hot affections of the lungs and breast Vires conduces much to such as are macilent or consumed it cures the Pleurisie asperity of the tongue and jaws and cocts and expectorates spittle CHAP. 19. Pulvis Diapendit sine speciebus or The Powder of Penidees without species D.N. Myreps ℞ of Penidees ℥ ij Pine-nuts sweet Almonds decorticated white Poppy-seed of eachʒ iij. the Juyce of Liquorice Gum Thraganth Arabick the four greater cool seeds Starch of eachʒ j. ss Camphyr gr viij make of them all a Powder The COMMENTARY Diapenidion is made either without species as in this form or with them when Cinamon Cloves and Ginger are added thereto as Myrepsus its Author describes it and the said species Almonds Poppy-seed and Liquorice-juyce are put in equal weight It is kept either in form of a Powder or of a solid Electuary which by the Authors advice may be thus made Three ounces of Violers must be macerated and cocted in a pound of water till the water be of a violaceous colour one pound of Sugar must be cocted in the colature to the consistence of a solid Electuary wherewith whilst hot the Penidees and other levigated simples must be so mixed and subacted that the mass may acquire a solid form whereof tabels or Rhombodies may be concinnated and reposed for use All with one consent confect Penidees thus but few agree in the proportion of the simples for each one changes their weight this we have delivered is the most usual form This Powder conduces very much to those that are infested with a cough Vires pleurisie difficulty of breathing asperity of jaws hoarseness and many vices of the lungs If it be made with the species besides the enumerated effects it also incides attenuates and cocts viscid crass and cold humours preparing them for expectoration CHAP. 20. Confectio de Rebecha ℞ of the Powder of Diaireos cold Diatraganth of eachʒ ij Powder of Liquorice ℥ ss Sugar-candyʒ iij. and with Gum Thraganth dissolved in Rose-water make a Paste of which Rolls The COMMENTARY Though this confection be of an unknown Author yet it is most usual grateful for sapour and commendable for effects The Powders whereof it consists are indeed kept severally till they be mixed with Tragacanthum solved in Rose-water or other convenient liquor or else coacted with Sugar cocted in some idoneous humour into a mass whereof Pastills or Bacills may be formed We anumerate it amongst Bechical Powders because it is of the same use and consistence Some think this consection is called Rebecha from Bechia for it is Bechical some ignorant fellow reading Rebechi for ℞ Bechi in some ancient Medicks receipt gave the name to this Confection which is now called Rebecha It cures such as cough Vires breathe difficultly spit corrupt blood are infested with the Peurisie asperity of the tongue and jaws and hoarseness CHAP. 21. Of Penidees PEnidees are much commended amongst bechical and arteriacal Medicaments which consist but of a few ingredients for they are made of Sugar and Barley-water mixed in such proportion and so cocted that a mass expurges thence of such solidity that it is tractable not adhering to ones fingers but easily ducible into long or short crass or small threads which that it may be duly effected the mass while hot is adduced reduced and drawn upon a ferreous hook affixed to the Beam till it be dealbated and severall figures made out of those threads Bulcasis the Author of this Compound made it of pure water Sugar and Honey mixed with as much Oyl of bitter Almonds But now we take Barley-water omit Honey and onely anoint the hands of the subacter and the Marble on which it is projected with Oyl The shop-men call this Medicament Alphenicum from the whiteness it contracts by subaction and duction It cures the cough hoarseness and asperity of the artery moves Vires cocts and excludes spittle and helps all affections of the Lungs and Breast SECT II. Of liquid Antidotes THere are of the Powders described and other Cordial and Alexiterial ones diluted in some idoneous liquor certain soft confections made which we sometimes call Liquid Antidotes
For whether the Stomack or Liver Reins or other interiour bowel be pained much help may be administred by due external applications For all the Medicaments of old were external which the Ancients following their Captain Nature used without experience and Countrey-men yet hurt with a blow a fall cut or knock without choyce assume the first occurrent Plant and apply it to the part affected and it often falls out that a noxious Medicament upon strong natures produce successful effects Now we shall in these three Books shew what Medicaments Topical are best which should be kept in Pharmacopolies and how they are made And as we have methodically proceeded in the three former First describing the most liquid as Syrupes then the more crass as Eclegms then the most crass as Electuaries and last the most solid as Pills and Trochisks So now in the three later Books we shall begin with Oyls first then pass to the more spisse as Unguents and then to the most crass as Emplaisters Taking then our rise from Oyls whereof Cerates Unguents and Emplaisters matuate much of their parts we shall first treat of such as are made by impression or infusion then fly to such as are made by expression and at last to such as are elicited by ascent or descent The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY THE FOURTH BOOK Of Topical or External Medicaments AND FIRST Of Medicinal Oyls made by infusion OYls whereof there is frequent use in Medicine are either simple or compound Those are simple which have nothing from Art but their eduction admitting of no mixture but educed by expression as Oyl simply so called expressed from mature and Omphacinum from immature Olives as also the Oyl of Almonds the Oyl of Walnuts and many more expressed out of fruits and seeds which mutuate their various qualities from the variety of seeds whence they are educed as hot Oyls from hot cold from cold seeds c. Oyl absolutely so termed is meant of that onely which is extracted from mature Olives whose expression appertains no more to Apothecaries then the expression of Wine or confection of Bread as to their manners how which laborious work and business is duly committed to Rusticks and diuturnal labourers Seeing all these are aliments and fitter for Tables then Shops therefore an Apothecary should not sollicite himself about the expression of common Oyl but about such as are elicited meerly by Art Of all which we shall treat in this Book In whose former Section we shall examine all such as are made by impression or infusion of Medicaments beginning with the Oyl of Violets which are the first flowers of the Spring CHAP. 1. Oleum Violatum or Oyl of Violets â„ž of washed Oyl lb v. of the flowers of Violets fresh and bruised of the Juyce or water of the infusion of Violets lb ij Insolate them together for a whole week then take out the Violets by a strong expression and new ones put in afterwards boyl it till the water be consumed The COMMENTARY All the Students in Pharmacy with one consent follow the dictates of Mesue their Captain whom they extol with praises and adore with admiration Yet his Laws and Precepts in compounding Medicaments cannot by duration challenge to themselves infallibility for we see many of them improved and many disproved and it is no imprudence to recede from him or any old Author though they merit most of praise when one sees by long use and experience a better and more compendious way And thus we have something detracted from or something added to the composition of some Medicaments or their method changed Thus they dissent in Medicinal Oyls made by infusion and maceration as in this Oyl of Violets to whose confection Mesue commands the Oyl of mature Olives and of Almonds or Sesama to be taken and washed then the flowers to be macerated seven dayes therein insolated and expressed afterwards to be cocted three hours in a double vessel and this to be interated thrice the expressed flowers being always abjected and fresh ones immitted and then to be cocted on a slow fire till the watry humidity be dissipated and then they reposed in a fit vessel Many Apothecaries follow this prescript others will not swear to his words but follow the dictate of their own Reasons and change some things ever and anon for it is easie to adde when a thing is invented or detract something that is superfluous or castigate what is ill disposed But the Oyl of Violets is now made every-where almost after this manner First a certain quantity of sincere common Oyl is assumed verberated and washed in fountain-Fountain-water and imposed in a glass or earthen vessel well glazened new Violet flowers are infused therein and so macerated a whole week and if the season permit insolated then they are boyled a little on a slow fire that they may be expressed afterwards new flowers are immitted as before and expressed which is thrice iterated then the flowers after the last infusion are abjected the Oyl cocted on a flow fire till its aqueous humidity be dissipated and then it is reposed and kept in a fit vessel The Oyl of Violets extinguishes inflammations Vires helps the Pleurisie leniates the asperity of the Artery and Lungs allays hot impostâ—umes remits all inflammations and mitigates dolours CHAP. 2. Oleum Keirinum or Oyl of Wall-flowers D. Mes â„ž of Wall-flowers â„¥ vij of the best Oyl lb j. ss of the water of the decoction of the flowers â„¥ iij. ss mingle them and after insolation express the flowers adding the same three times over boyl the water away and preserve the Oyl The COMMENTARY The copious Wall-flowers occur next which the Arabians call Keiri out of which Mesue educes Oyl by impression as he doth out of Chamomile and Roses that is by three infusions insolated and expressed with a little of the succe or decoction of the same flowers which after the last maceration he absumes by gentle coction and having expressed and strained the Oyl he reposes it in a fit vessel and keeps it But it is now commonly made by one or two infusions without any commixtion of any succe or decoction the flowers being left a whole month confusedly immerged in the Oyl before colature but this manner is not good for hereby the Oyl is more turbid and its faculties weaker Being duely made it calefies moderately attenuates allays Vires digests mitigates dolours from flatulency cold or pituitous matter it benefits such as are gowty or paralytical and cures the dolours of the nerves and junctures CHAP. 3. Oleum Irinum or Oyl of Orris â„ž of the roots of Orris lb j. the flowers of the same lb ij macerate them in a sufficient quantity of the decoction of the same root adding sweet Oyl or Oyl of the Pulse Sesamum lb v. Boyl them in an idoneous vessel straine out the roots and flowers adding a fresh quantity three times over and the Oyl which is last pressed
afterwards let the Oyl be expressed and kept The COMMENTARY This Oyl is seldome made being onely expetible for calefying the colder genitals and exciting venery yet in that it may be confected with ease and small cost and desired by such as are of a cold constitution I would not have our Shop quite destitute of it SECT IV. Of Oyls educed by Expression THere are four kindes of Oyls the first absolutely and properly so called which is educed from mature Olives the second not so properly so called which consists of the said Oyl wherein some parts of Animals have been infused and insolated or cocted the third is cognominated from the adjunct whereof it is made as Oyl of Almonds the Oyl of Laurel-berries the fourth is proper to Alchymists which is elicited by ascent The extraction of the first being sufficiently notorious but withall operous is committed to Rusticks of the second we have treated at large in the former Sections It now remains that we treat of the rest and first of such as are extracted from oleaginous seeds brayed and expressed and first of the Oyl of sweet Almonds CHAP. 1. Oleum Amygdalarum dulcium or The Oyl of sweet Almonds â„ž of sweet Almonds dry not rancid blanched from their cortex as many as you please beat them in a stone-Morter very small involve them in a bag and with a press extract the Oyl The COMMENTARY Almonds are either sweet or bitter Oyl is expressed out of both sometimes brayed and expressed with sometimes without their membranous Pill sometimes with and sometimes without the adjument of fire or external heat That which is elicited without fire is best The Pharmacopolists therefore are to blame that had rather be idle then occupied in preparing Simples duly Whence it is no wonder that the diseased complain of the rancour acrimony and insuavity of the Oyl of Almonds Now that it may be rightly confected the Almonds to be assumed must be new and dry purged from both their skins that the Oyl may be more sincere and pure they must be long tunded in a stone-Morter that their oleous internal humidity may come out they must be put in a bag of Horse-hair and then excepted in a Torcular or common Press such as Stationers use when they cut their Books that are bound It should be expressed by little and little that it may be more pure pellucid and sweet for that which is hastily extracted is turbid and foeculent It will flow more readily if the Almonds before expression be calefied by the fire or Sun for so its oleaginous humidity is attenuated melted and made more fluxile it erupts more easily readily and copiously yea by so much more readily by how much the Almonds are hotter if they be not burnt but that which should be introsumed at the mouth should be elicited without fire Almonds are purged two wayes First they must be macerated long in warm water and then compressed with ones fingers that the cortex may cleft Secondly they may be put in some Frying-pan with a small quantity of flower and agitated with ones hand over a slow fire till the Involucrum disrupt which will afterwards come easily off by rubbing which second way is better then the first for macerated Almonds unless they be well dryed before their triture will effund aqueous Oyl One pound of Almonds will emit six ounces of Oyl and a brayed Magma irrigated with water and calefied upon the ashes till the water be dissipated and then pressed will emit as much but this will be more foeculent and fit onely for Liniments Unguents and External Medicaments Oyl of Almonds is commended to many uses Vires for it conduces to the tabid and consumed refecting the macilent body with humid viscid fat and aereous aliment it leniates the asperity of the throat of the lungs and other parts if injected it allayes the heat of the Uterus and of the Bladder if it be applied as an Unguent is perduces rough places to equality erugates the skin mollifies hard lumps and emends the siccity of all the Junctures and other parts CHAP. 2. Oleum Amagdalarum amarum or The Oyl of bitter Almonds THe Oyl of bitter Almonds is educed also by expression though Alexandrinus makes it by infusion for he macerates two pounds of purged brayed Almonds three dayes in five pounds of Oyl and afterwards cocts them to the half and expresseth the Oyl But neither the Oyl nor the manner of its confection is good For Alexandrinus erres in thinking that Oyl can be cocted to the half for it will rather burn then dissipate like water Besides the Oyl thus drawn by infusion is not half of it Oyl of Almonds it is not so ingrateful nor yet so eximious as by expression It is therefore better to draw pure and sincere bitter Oyl out of bitter Almonds by triture and expression which Oyl is much commended for it solves obstructions dissipates flatulency allayes the dolours of the nerves mollifies hardness deleates the Pimples of the face and cures the tinkling of the ears For it calefies incides digests and deterges potently Vires wherefore it helps such as have the Stone Strangury breathe difficultly and are Splenatick it cures many vices of the skin kills worms being assumed it helps the coldness of the Uterus being applyed it cures difficulty of breathing and hardness and dolour in the nerves from a cold cause The Oyl of Peach-stones is educed after the same manner which having the same or like faculties is not made CHAP. 3. Oleum Nucum or Oyl of Nuts SUch things as are onely Medicinal and serve onely to prevent or cure diseases should be tractated by Pharmacopolists alone but such things as besides these are accommodated to esure or other uses are seldome by Apothecaries but frequently by perite Rusticks confected in great quantity Thus Wine is left to Vintners and Bread to Bakers Thus also common Oyl Oyl of Walnuts and Sesamum are left to servants to express who used in Hand-mills or fit Presses to grinde seeds and express plenty of Oyl for nutriment to bodies or to lamps for the custody of sanity or cure of diseases These Oyls therefore are seldome made in Pharmacopolies But because the Oyl extracted from Walnuts by Rusticks is insuave and turbid it were better that Apothecaries would extract that which they use for so it would be more limpid suave and efficacious It is of much use for it resolves crass humours Vires dissipates tumours cures the Cholick whether from flatulency or cold humours by its digestive and siccative faculty it cures the punctures and fores of the nerves It heals burnings by a special propriety it is indued with the same vertue that Oyl of Acorus hath for by the tenuity of its substance its resolvative faculty and heat it resolves flatulent matter He then that hath Oyl of Walnuts needs not Oyl of Acorus If it be extracted from new and tender Walnuts Vires it will
plaisters being of a gentle drying clensing binding nature Lithiasis the Disease of the stone engendered in a mans body Lithontribon a Confection of the Apothecaries so called because it drives away and breaks the stone in a mans body Lithontriptica Medicines breaking the stone in the Bladder Lixivium see Lucinium Lixive Lee. Loches or Child-bed purgations and immoderate flux caused from the over-wide opening of the vessels or their tearing in hard travel Loch Lohoch or Linctus is a thick syrup or other soft substance not to be swallowed but let melt in the mouth that so it may gently slide down and thereby have the more vertue against diseases of the breast lungs and throat Longanum the arse-gut Longaevity long life or old age Lotion a preparing of medicines or washing Loture the washings or water wherein any thing that leaves a taste or tincture behind it hath been washed Lozenges little tablets made up of several things with sugar to lie and melt in the mouth taken for colds Lubricating making slippery loosening Lues a plague or pestilence Lues venerea the French pox a plague containing all diseases in one and seldom cured perfectly Lucinium lixivum lye made of ashes which is profitable in healing outwardly and inwardly the best in caustick medicines Lunacy a disease wherein the patient is distracted at certain times of the Moon Lutation is a medicine thick or thin according to the heat and continuance of the fire which exactly stops the mouth of the vessel that no vapor pass out Lutetia Paris Luxation a loosening of the joynts Lycium a decoction made of the juyce or decoction of the bramble root Lysiponium medicines mitigating pain M Maceration steeping or soaking any thing in liquor till it be almost dissolved Macerated steeped Macilent lean slender Madefaction weting or making wet Madid moist wet Magistral syrup is a particular syrup prescribed by a skilful Physitian to his patient for a particular disease Malacia Pica a corrupt appetite by reason of humors gathered about the mouth of the stomach which is the cause of longings in women Malaxation softening loosening Malcolent that hath an ill smell Malignant medicaments violent pernicious unwholsome destructive medicines Malleable abiding the Hammer or Mallet or which may be wrought or beaten therewith Mamillary veins passages from the Womb to the breasts serving to convey the menstrual bloud thither to be converted into milk Manducated chewed Manna a kind of sweet dew like sugar Mania madness a doting without a fever with raging and fury Maniple an handful of herbs flowers roots and such like things Mansuete tame Manus Christi sugar boyled with rose-Rose-water without putting any thing else to it it may be made with violet water or cinnamon water Mandrake a forrein plant bearing yellow round Apples the root of this herb is great and white like a Parship growing in two branches like the legs of a Woman which gives opportunity to Jugglers to Counterfeit obscene beastly Images therewith the root especially the bark is extreme cold and dry even to the fourth degree it is therefore very dangerous to be taken inward it 's usually given to cast people into a dead sleep when they are to be dismembered or cut of the stone Marchasia minerals which are unprepared as silver oar lead oar c. Marchasite a stone participating with the nature of some metal yet in some small quantity that the metal cannot be melted from it but will vapour away in smoak the stone turning to ashes These Marchasites are commonly in colour like the metal mixed with them whether it be gold silver brass or any other Some call any stone out of which fire may be struck a Marchasite Marcid musty unwholsome stinking nasty Marcor corruption rottenness Margarites the fairest sorts of pearls Mariscus the Piles Mastick a white and clear gum of a sweet savor it grows on the Lentisk tree in the Island of Chios it 's temperate in heat and of a dry binding nature whereby it strengthens the stomach stayes vomiting and stops any issue of bloud it 's good to rub the teeth to fasten them and make them white Masticatories medicines to be chewed to bring away Rheum from malignity the venemous or poysonful quality of certain Humors and Diseases which makes them for the most part deadly Matter or Quittour the white thick filth that issues from sores and ulcers when they are on the mending hand Matrix Mediana vena the Median vein Matrix the Womb or place of Conception Maturity ripeness Measles a kind of small pox which arises from the impurities of the Mothers bloud Mechoacan a whitish root brought out of India called by some Indian or white Rhubarb it 's hot in the first and dry in the second degree and purgeth all humors of what kind soever with much ease it clenseth and comforteth the liver and all inward parts Mediastinum so called because it mediateth or divideth the chest in the midst Medicamen de Turbith a purging medicine Medick Physitian an abbreviation of the Latin word medicus Medium whatever is transparent or may be seen through is called a medium to the sight principally the air as its either thick or thin also glass water horn are called mediums when question is of seeing through them Medulla pith marrow Mel Honey is laxative clensing softening and healing Melancholia a melancholy kind of madness a doting without a fever with fear and sadness Melanogogon purgers of Melancholy Melitites honyed Wine Mellifluous sweet as hony Membrane a fleshy skin a coat serving as a coat for the arteries and veins Membranous skinny substances like parchment Meninges the films or Tunicles which are the coverings or coats wherein the brain is contained Menstruous a Woman which hath upon her her monthly flowers or which belongeth to them Mercury and Mercurial purges such as are made of Quicksilver chymically prepared Mercurius Quicksilver like a seeming friend which heals and kills Mercurius praecipitatus and sublimatus Mercury precipitate and sublimate Mercurius solis mercury of gold I shall leave the description hereof to the Philosophers by the fire Mercurius Lunae mercury of silver Mercurius martis mercury of iron Mercurius jovis mercury of tin Mercurius saturni mercury of lead Mercury is a liquid substance sowr or sharp volatile penetrable airy and most pure from which all nourishment proceeds Meri Arabum Oesephagus the mouth of the stomach Mesentery the skin which holds the guts together and runs along amongst them full of fatty knobs Metra Hippocratis uterus the Womb. Metrenchyta an instrument to inject liquid medicines into the Womb. Michleta the name of a Confection so called Microcosmographia a description of the body of man Microcosmus it properly signifies a little World but it 's commonly used to signifie a man who in himself hath something or other answering to any part of the great World Mictus sanguinis is a disease of the Reins through which thin wheyish bloud is passed Midriasis is the dilatation