as he is dressed find the pain abated if the pain do somewhat encrease the first and second night and there be perceived the third day without the place of binding a little swelling yielding to your hands The Bone is well placed if in the second dressing you find all even Before you rowl the Ligature about the Member bathe the part with Spirit of Wine or Red Wine or with Oyl Wine and Vinegar mix'd together Or take the White of an Egg with some Bolus Frankincense Dragons-Blood c. Or anoint it with Oyl of Roses Mirtles Violets c. or lay Plaisters on it In Winter the Oxycroceum will do well At all times that which follows Take Mastick Frankincense of each two drams Aloes Gum Tragacanth Dragons-Blood Bole-Armonick of each a one dram Lapis Haematitis Burnt Talch of each one dram Whites of Eggs and Oyl of Roses as much as is sufficient Make it into a Plaister If a Wound accompany the Fracture then ought you to extend the Part first yet somewhat gentler than in a simple Fracture then you are to join the Bones together next to observe the Wound to bring the Lips thereof together with Plaisters rather than with a Needle and to guard it with a Defensive And lastly rowl the Part and lay it conveniently If there be a Cominution or great shattering of the Bones joined with the Wound then endeavour with Forceps to remove the small loose Bones leaving those to Nature that are yet any way fixed for she will though somewhat later of her self throw them out and sometimes she will unite them again to the whole Yet to forward her you may assist Nature with the following Medicaments Take Ashes of Earth-worms three drams Virgins-Honey an ounce and half mix them and make an Oyntment Or Take Aloes Myrrhe of each half a dram Roots of Comfrey the great Round-Birthwort of each three drams Euphorbium two drams Turpentine and Wax as much as is sufficient with a little Oyl of Lillies to make it into an Oyntment If the Bone be bare cover it with its own skin and Nuscles and defend it from the Air as much as is possible If it be bare and also started out endeavour to reduce it again into its place but if it be got out too far take away the pieces thus started out with Saw or Nippers Now these Manual Operations being well performed the Patient must observe a good Diet open a Vein upon occasion and afterwards purge the Blood In the Fractures of the lower parts purging is not convenient but if the Patients Belly be bound he must take a Suppository In the Fractures of the upper parts Purging or administring Clysters is oftner necessary and may be done by the ensuing compounded or simple Medicines which may also serve you in all other Accidents that we may describe in this whole Treatise Medicines purging Choler Rhubarb Cassia fistula yellow Myrobalans Tamarinds Manna Scammony Syrup of Sicchory with Rhubarb Elect. Catholicum Hiera picra Lenitivum Diaprunum solutivum Succus Rosarum Pil. de Aloe Rosata Aureae Aloephanginae Ruffi Take Electuary Lenitive two drams Elect. of the Juice of Roses one dram Cassia fresh extracted two drams Cream of Tartar two scruples Succory-water as much as is sufficient Spirit of Vitriol a little Make it into a Potion Or Take Rhubarb Senna of each two drams Cream of Tartar one dram Aniseeds half a dram Infuse them two hours in a sufficient quantity of Sorrel-Water let it boil a little and to three ounces of the strained Liquor Add of the Elect. of Diaprun Sol. one dram or a dram and half and drink it Or Take of Pilulae Aureae Extract Catholicum Rhubarb of each half a scruple Make them into seven Pills Or. Take Cream of Tartar Sal Prunella of each xij grains vitriolated Tartar Diagredium of each vj. grains Make it into a Powder Medicines that purge Phlegm The Roots of Asarum Mechoacan white and black Hellebore Colocinth Myrabolani Belliric Emblici Chebuli Agarick Turbith Syrup of Diacarthanum Electuaries of Hierae with Agarick Diaphoenicon Diacarthamum Confection of Hamech Powder of Diaturbith Pills of Cechiae Foetidae the greater Aggregativae Lucis the greater Assajeret of Avicen Troches of Agaric Alhandal Take Roots of Grass two drams Flower-de-luce Trochiscatum Agarick Turbith of each one dram Aniseeds Fenel seeds of each one scruple Let them infuse for three hours in a sufficient quantity of Parssy water boil it and strain it and to three ounces of it Add of Electuary of Diaphenicon one dram and half Make it into a Potion Or Take Electuary of Diacarthamum Confection of Hamech of each two drams powder of Jalop eight grains Cream of Tartar two scruples Fennel water as much as sufficeth Make a Potion Or Take of Pill Aureae six grains of Pill Cochiae Pill Faetidae the greater of each twenty grains Make them into seven Pills and gild them Or Take Extract of Catholicum xiij grains of the Troches of Alhandal one grain Make three Pills and gild them Medicines purging Melancholy Roots of black Helebore Polipody Senna Lapis Lazuli Syrup of Roses solutive with Senna Electuaries of Diacatholicon lenitive Confection of Hamech The Powder of Dia Senna Pills of Lucis minoris Troches of Alhandal Myrobalans of India Take Bark of Tamarisk three drams Roots of Polypody two drams Staechas Flowers half a pugil Senna one dram and half Aniseeds half a dram Mirobolans of India one dram Infuse them two hours in a sufficient quantity of borage-Borage-water boyl it and strain it and to four ounces of the strained Liquor Add An ounce of Syrup of Roses with Senna Spirit of Salt as much as will give it a little acidity and make it into a Potion Or Take Electuary of Diacatholicon one dram the Electuary of Diaphoenicon Confection of Hamech of each a dram and half Cream of Tartar two scruples Powder of Jalop six grains Whey a sufficient quantity Make a Potion Or Take of Pill Indiae of Aggregativae the greater of each fifteen grains Diagridium three grains Troches of Alhandal one grain Make seven Pills and gild them Note All these Receipts are set down for full-grown Bodies their quantities being to be lessen'd according to the younger age and strength of the Patient CHAP IV. Of particular Fractures of Bones THe Fractures of the Skull are divided into six several kinds A Fissure Contusion Fracture Incision Puncture and Contra fissure A Fissure is made by a hard and blunt Instrument and passeth sometimes through both Tables sometimes through one only A Fracture is made when a part of the Skull is separated from the whole An Incision is made by a cutting Instrument where sometimes one part of the Bone is rais'd up and separated as it were but is yet fast to the rest of the Bone sometimes a part is quite taken away sometimes there remains a mark in the Bone according to the Figure of the Instrument A Puncture is made by a pungent or
Nerves are corrupted and the whole Member subject to danger In this case you must not flatter your self that Medicines can effect any thing before you come to the bottom that is the Bone it self And the Bone being made sound the Ulcer will be cured and the flesh return unto its natural Constitution It is therefore necessary to make Incision even down to the Bone it self and if there be a great excrescency extirpate it and if it be observed to rise again apply an actual Cautery always consideration being had of the Bone Remedies proper against Putrefaction of the Bones are already both by us and others sufficiently described To take away the Excrescency of the Flesh Oyl of Vitriol Oyl of Antimony Spirit of Vitriol Ung. Aegyptiacum Fuscum of Felix Wurtz are very good and this Powder is excellent Take the Restaurative Powder an ounce white Vitriol a dram prepared Arsenick two drams Mix them Sprinkle it upon the proud Flesh laying over it a drying Plaister and it will make a thick Escar without great pain which may be taken off the next day 2. The Cause of a Cancer of the Bone by the Dutch named een Beenvreeter is a sharp Humor first corroding the Bone then making its way through the Periostium then follows an Ulcer of the Flesh and Skin incurable before the Bone be made sound its Orifice is very little the edges are pale the Matter that flows forth is thin the Flesh soft and somewhat swell'd at least as we have spoken in an Ulcerous Excrescency encreaseth of its own accord Here also is Incision necessary made according to the length of the Part to the Bone it self forthwith must be applyed those things that correct Putrefaction to wit Euphorbium Spirit of Vitriol mixt with Spirit of Wine e. I have not only once experienc'd the Powder of Turpentine hardned by boiling to be of great virtue mixt with Ung. Fuscum of Felix Wurtz or Aegyptiacum an actual Cautery is very convenient The Cure also will be accelerated if instead of Tents made of Lint you use Elder-pitch because this inbibes the sharp and thin Humors by which the Action of Nature is promoted Seeing that for the most part these Diseases arise from the distemperature of the whole Mass of Blood and when one Cancer is almost cured another appears in some other place therefore 't is highly necessary to have regard to the whole Body For which purpose the following or the like Medicines may be taken Take Roots of Comfry the great Osmund Royal China Sarsaparella of each an ounce Guaiacum Bark two ounces Rhubarb six drams Senna ten drams Agarick six drams Cloves a dram Cinamon two drams Infuse them 24 hours in a sufficient quantity of Barley water then boil them with a gentle fire and to two quarts of the strained Liquor add of Syrup of Comfrey of Fernelius four ounces Make it into an Apozeme Let the Patient of a middle age take three four or five ounces it purgeth gently forwards the Cure and preserves from further mischiefs 3. The Bones also are subject to certain Tubercles called Tophs and Nodes These for the most part are the Symptoms of the Pox. I shall only set down here some External Medicines approved by long Practice Take Oyl of Venice-Turpentine of Euphorbium of Guaiacum destilled of each two drams Crude Opium half a dram Make it into a Liniment Or Take Mastick Male-Frankincense of each two drams Ladanum half an ounce Quick-silver extinct in Turpentine an ounce Crude Antimony three drams Crude Opium a dram Venice-Turpentine as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister Or Take the Juice of Housleek Henbane Celandine the greater of each a dram Mans-fat three drams Oyl of white Lillies Camomile of each two drams Boil them to the Consumption of the Juices afterwards add of Mercury sublimate a dram and scruple Venice-Sope two drams Crude Antimony three drams Mummy Opium of each a dram Ladanum and Wax as much as is sufficient to make it a Plaister according to Art 4. Moreover it is to be observed that no Fat or Oyly Medicines are to be used to the Bone except they are dxtream drying or that by Distillation have lost all their Unctiousness CHAP. IV. Of a Cartilage A Cartilage is a similar spermatick Part drier and harder than a Ligament but moister and softer than a Bone rendring the Articulation the more pliable and defending several parts from external injuries Difference Some are softer especially about the Joynts others harder and differing not much from the nature of a Bone 'T is nourish'd by little Arteries It is endowed neither with Nerves nor Membranes and by consequence without sense It s use is to facilitate motion and to defend some Parts from external injuries whereupon it is scarce subject to any Chirurgical Considerations Not seldom are the Cartilages together with the Bones both corrupted and cured other particular Diseases it scarce hath any besides too great a hardness or softness Of both which we will give Examples 1. The Epiglotis sometimes is so indurated as that it not only deprives of Speech but also hinders the Patient from swallowing except a great piece for Drink and all other liquid things pass into the Wind-pipe as not being well closed by the stiff Epiglotis This Disease is incurable 2. Glottis or Chink of the Larinx either from Meat or Drink or Medicine is sometimes so straight closed together as the Patient cannot make any noise this we remedy by the following Medicines Purging and Bleeding if necessary having gone before Take Milk six ounces Yolk of an Egg White-Sugar three drams Mingle them let the Patient take often a spoonful or two Or Take Frankincense Mirrhe of each a scruple Eastern Saffron half a scruple Juice of Liquoras a dram and an half Gum Tragaganth two drams Sugar as much as sufficeth to make them into Troches always holding one of them in the Mouth and swallowing them down I deem those Anatomists to have committed a great Error who have ascribed this Malady to be an Inflamation of the Larinx although I deny not but that the Cartilages may be inflamed and also corrupted yet 't is certain that which they have set down is not of the Cartilages but of the neighbouring Glandules and of the fleshy parts of the Jaws for it would not be so frequently cured because an Inflamation and Corruption of the Larinx I always esteemed a mortal Disease 2. The Sword-like Cartilage of the Breast is oftner than Practitioners take notice of unnaturally bent inward from Humors flowing in too great quantity and so inclining with the point inward presseth the Stomach from whence comes a diminution of the Appetite a Vomiting of what is taken in with a continual pain of the Stomach and a wasting of the whole Body 't is easie for an Anatomist by the touch to apprehend this Malady and in the space of few hours to cure it for otherwise men are miserably troubled for many years
The Tunicle investing them being eroded or divided the Skin cannot be consolidated before the whole Glandule together with its Tunicle be consumed with the Ulcer 3. If Corrosive Medicines cure not the Ulcers of the Glandules within the space of few weeks no hope remains of a sound Cure because of the continual Flux of Humors And this is the reason why we are for the most part compelled to take them away by Incision CHAP. XII Of the Skin THe Skin is a similar spermatick part having some Blood mixed with it reddish white loose investing the Body and serving for feeling 'T is covered by a Scarf-skin for the greater defence every where perforated with Pores to give vent to the useless Fumes and Vapors endued likewise with manifest Perforations as are the Mouth Nostrils Ears c. whose use is sufficiently known It hath Cutaneous Veins and Arteries as also Nerves It s Use is to cover the Body as moreover it is the Instrument of feeling Chirurgical Consideration 1. The Skin being discoloured by the Jaundies Freckles and other Spots this Water renders again smooth and fair Cosmetick Water of Minsicht Take white Frankincense Sugar-Candy of each two ounces white Hermodactils Florence-Orrise Venice-Borax of each an ounce Salt of Tartar Burnt Ivory Camphire of each half an ounce Flowers of white Lillies of the white Water-Lillies of the white Garden-Mallows of each three handfuls Virgin-Honey three ounces Goats-Milk two quarts bean-flower-Bean-flower-water and white Rose-water of each a pint and half white Lilly-water and Solomons Seal-water of each a pint being mixt let them be distilled in Balneo Mariae 2. Scars remaining after the Small Pox Wounds or Burns we take away by the following Medicines if deep and great first having used Exedents then Sarcoticks Take Venice-Borax three drams Camphire a scruple Oxes-Gall a dram Oyl of Mirrhe two drams Capons-grease half an ounce Make it into a Liniment Or. Take Powder of the Roots of Snake-weed of Orrise of each three dams Seeds of Melon blanch'd of Raddishes of each a dram Burnt Egg-shels half a dram Common white Chalk a dram and half Frankincense a dram Sugar-Candy three drams Gum Tragaganth dissolved in Rose-water an ounce Goose-grease as much as sufficeth to make it into a Liniment 3. Scabs blemishing the Skin are sometimes moist dry spreading eating crusty malignant this difference is of so small consideration that generals being well known 't is not difficult to one that well weighs every thing to proceed aright in particulars Seeing the Cause of this Disease is a sharp cholerick serous salt Humor mixt sometimes with Phlegm the often use of Purging Sweating and Vomiting of Bleeding Scarification Leeches Natural and Artificial Baths as also of cooling drying Medicines and those that temper the acrimony of the Blood Lotions and Unctions are here very profitable an Example of each I here give A Purging Decoction Take Roots of Asparagus Grass Polypody of each six drams Liquoras three drams Leaves of Fumitory Succory of each an handful Senna an ounce and half Rhubarb half an ounce Tamarinds an ounce Anifeeds two drams Cream of Tartar three drams let them infuse 24 hours in a sufficient quantity of Whey then boil them and to a pint and half of the strained Liquor add Syrup of Dianicum three ounces Make it into an Apozem Dose three ounces A Vomit Take Oxysaccharum Vomitivum Syrup of Roses solutive with Senna of each an ounce fumitory-Fumitory-water as much as is sufficient Make it a draught A Sudorifick Take Flower of Brimstone Antimony Diaphoretick Salt of Holy-Thistle Sal Prunellae of each a dram Make it into a Powder to be divided into six equal Doses A Bath Take Roots of red Docks Briony of each six ounces Leaves of Fumitory six handfuls Camomile Flowers three handfuls Bran a pound Brimstone two ounces Nitre an ounce Alom an ounce and half common Salt two ounces Mix them In a grievous and rebellious Scab the Powder of Snakes is excellent this is the Preparation of it Take a Snake in March if possible before it hath laid its Eggs the Head and tail being cut off and the Skin stript off all the inward Bowels except Tongue Heart and Liver thrown away let it dry in an Oven moderately warm to a Powder The Dose from four grains to fifteen Vipers dried after the same manner excel Snakes and are commended in the Leprosie it self A Fomentation Take Burnt-Talk an ounce and half quick-Lime two ounces Litharge of Gold half an ounce Bole-armenick an ounce dry Tabacco-Leaves three ounces White-Wine a pint clear Water a quart Let them boil a little and keep the strained Liquor for use A Liniment Take Crude Brimstone two drams Venice-Sope a dram and half prepared Nitre half a dram Litharge of Gold two drams Mercurius dulcis a dram and an half White Camphorated Ointment an ounce Oyl of Rhodium eight drops Make it into an Ointment CHAP. XIII Of the Fat Nails and Hair IT hath been long disputed whether the Fat Hair and Nails ought to be accounted Parts of the Body or Excrements I neither think them Excrements nor Parts properly so call'd Not Excrements for they are Bodies enjoying with the rest Life and Nourishment but not nourishing others and are of singular use for the publick good They are not Parts properly so call'd being destitute of any certain bounds and have no particular operation Fat nourisheth in Famine the Hair and Nails without injury to the whole may be cut off Adeps or Fat is a similar soft white insensible part made to preserve the Natural Heat to help Chylification to facilitate Motion to moisten the Parts and to nourish the Body in Famine Hair is a similar Part produced by the worst part of the Blood covering some Parts and in some manner adorning them 'T is outwardly four-square inwardly hollow the variety of Colour it owes to the Temperament Age of Men to the Constitution of the Air or Country The Nail is a similar part sprung also from the impurest part of the Blood flexible hard defending the Fingers from external injuries as also adorning them It s Root is joyned to a Ligament and is very sensible by reason of the neighbouring Tendons Chirurgical Considerations 1. Blood wholly or in part destitute of Fat is not much to be commended for its abundance constitutes fleshy its unctiousness fat Bodies as where but little fat lean this fatness of the Blood dispersed into the parts of the Body changeth into natural Fat more copiously in the cold parts to wit in the lower Belly Breast c. than in the hot These Signs may confirm our Opinion as often as they are required from the Blood after the opening of a Vein for the upper part of the Blood which is erroneously taken by many to be the Phlegm of the Body and so the vitious part oftentimes is the very best of it This may be distinguished by the Fire for if it be fat it will flame if Phlegm it useth to crackle hence
it ought to be ascribed to many Nerves that are distributed through them yet the Causes in this Case are various and must be well distinguished to wit 1. a hot Distemperature 2. a cold distemperature 3. a sharp humor 4. a solution of continuity In a hot distemper Bleeding and Purging is very necessary apply Cupping-glasses to the Neck and Shoulders let the Head be purged with Errhins In the beginning this Water being held in the Mouth profits much Take the Roots of Tormentil an ounce Leaves of Vervain a handful and a half Flowers of Balaustians two Pugils Cypress Nuts two drams red-Saunders three drams Scales of Iron one dram Vitriol two scruples Rose-Vinegar two ounces Let them boil in a sufficient quantity of Red-wine to a pint and half keep it for your use The Flux being stayed we discuss the remaining with the following Decoction Take the Roots of Bistort three drams of Flower-de-luce two drams Leaves of Sage Hysop of each half a handful Galls a dram Frankincense Sandarach of each two drams Juniper-Berries an ounce Boil them in Red-Wine In a cold Distemperature the Patient must avoid all cold potable Medicaments yea the very Air it self those Medicines that purge Phlegm profit Bleeding hurt The following Medicine which is of great vertue may be held in the Mouth My Spirit for the Tooth-ach Take shavings of Guaiacum four ounces Seeds of Stavesacre Pomgranate-rinds Galls White-Frankincense of each an ounce Crude Opium red flowers of Poppy Camphore White-Ginger Cloves Long-Pepper of each half an ounce Leaves of Sage Arsmart Tobacco Horse mint of each one handful Roots of Henbane Pellitory of Spain Mandrake Hounds tongue Nettles the less of each an ounce and half Let them infuse fourteen days in a sufficient quantity of Spirit of Wine then distil it in Balneo Mariae A sharp Humor falling upon the Teeth is cured almost in the same manner as a hot distemperatur but if those Remedies are not sufficient the following Mixture is to be used in a Spoon which is not only of great virtue in this but in all the other kinds of Tooth ach Take water of Plantane an ounce and half of Roses Mint of each an handful Alexipharmick water half an ounce cinamon-Cinamon-water two drams Julip of Roses or Syrup of Red Poppies an ounce Laudanum Opiatum three grains Mix them In solution of continuity and rottenness of the Teeth it is best to pull them out In the Breeding of Teeth in Children the pain may be mitigated with fresh-butter and Virgins-Honey or with a Decoction of the Brains of a Hare or Coney in Ale but in a long pain it is very convenient to cut the Gum to give passage to the Tooth 9. From the Blood and mixt Humors ariseth the Ophthalmia sometimes true sometimes spurious sometimes seizing on one Tunicle of the Eye sometimes on more that which happens only in the great corner of the Eye is call'd Aegylops the white of the Eye may be vexed with little Bladders called Phlyctenae which being broke there follows an Ulceration except stayed corrupting the whole Eye But if this Ulcer seizeth only the Caruncle that the Punctum Lachrymale afterwards grows callous it becomes a Fistula Lachrymalis If these Diseases yield not to these Remedies proposed in our Chirurgery others are to be made use of Phlectenae are soon removed by the following Powder Take white Sugar-Candy prepared Tutty of each half an ounce red Coral prepared Camphore white Vitriol Saccharum Saturni of each two scruples Mix them and make them into a Powder A beginning Ulcer of the Eye requires first mundifying afterwards consolidating Medicines A Mundifying Medicine Take Mirrhe 15. grains Aloes six grains Sugar-Candy one dram the yolk of an Egg Goats-milk three ounces Mix them A Consolidating Medicament Take red Coral prepared burnt Harts horn Sarcocol of each a scruple Dragons Blood half a scruple burnt-Lead a scruple Starch half a dram Crocus Metallorum half a scruple Gum Tragaganth dissolved in rose-Rose-water a dram Horse-tail-water as much as sufficeth to make it into a Collyrium If the Punctüm Lachrymale in the great Glandule of the Eye be callous and from the continual Flux of Humors degenerates into a Fistula first the Callosity is to be removed before the other accidents will cease for which the following are used by us the Phlegm and Spirit of Vitriol burnt Alom blew Vitriol Verdigreece Mercury water Aqua Fortis Unguentum Aegyptiacum but the best of all is Unguentum Fuscum of Felix Wurtz boil'd to the consistence of a Suppository and put into the Fistula The Callosity being taken away the Ulcer may be cured by the following Medicine Take Roots of Flower-de-luce round Birthwort Bark of Frankincense of each dram and half Mirrhe Mastick Sarcocols Aloes Cadmia Fossilis of each a dram Honey as much as is sufficient to make it into an Ointment If the Os Lachrymale or Zygomaticum be foul the Skin being divided an actual or potential Cautery must be applied that the Caries may be removed otherwise it is impossible to cure the Fistula that not taken away 10. The pain of the Ears proceeds from a cold or hot distemperature or from a solution of continuity which oftentimes an Ulcer follows for a cold distemperature and what accompanies it the Wind besides the common and particular Medicines outwardly may be applied this with very good success Take Oyl of Rue Henbane of each half a dram of distilled Marjoram half a scruple Castor six grains Eastern-Saffron four grains Mix them The Smoke of Tobacco blown through the bole of a Pipe put into the Ear hath done good to many for the pain of the Ears and for Deafness oftentimes also a decoction of Cloves in Red Wine hath profited if two or three drops of it be instill'd warm into the Ear and the Ear afterwards be stopt with one of the boil'd Cloves Two drops of the following Spirit Morning and Evening dropt into the Ear is excellent My Spirit for the Ears Take Ants-Eggs N o 100 Castor Pulp of Coloquintida Marjoram Savin Wormwood Rue a handful Seeds of Cummin Anise Fennel Caraways of each three drams Bay-berry-husks pull'd off Juniper-berries of each half an once Pomegranate-rinds six drams Roots of black Hellebore round Cyprus Raddishes Sow-bread of each an ounce middle-siz'd Onions N o vij bitter Almonds two ounces Infuse them 14 days in a sufficient quantity of rectified Spirit of Wine then distil them in Balneo Mariae In a hot distemperature first we ought to divert the Flux of humors by Bleeding Purging Scarifications Glisters c. then the following Medicines by Cotton inbibed we may put into the Ear. Take womans-Milk two ounces Whites of Eggs well beaten half an ounce Oriental Saffron half a scruple Goose-grease dissolved two drams Crude Opium five grains Mix them Or Take Oyl of Violets sweet Almonds Rose-Vinegar of each an ounce Philonium Romanum two drams Eastern Saffron half a scruple boil them and strain them for your use Or Take
besides Sudorificks we use discussing Oyls and Plaisters In the same folding is Water also sometimes included which promiseth no certain hope of Cure Steatoma's and other Abscesses are often generated in the Caul by reason of its great quantity of Fat and its many Glandules which are very difficultly cured 3. The Guts which move themselves variously like to Worms sometimes they fall inwardly into one another especially when afflicted with great pain in this case the Excrements cannot pass to the Fundament this Malady is call'd Miserere mei or the Iliack Passion ordinary means effecting nothing a great Cupping-glass without Scarification is often to be applied to the Part affected and taken off again but whether it is not better to divide the Muscles of the Abdomen and the Peritonaeum and draw out with the Fingers the fallen-in Gut than to suffer the Patient inevitably to die 4. The Mesentery from it self and also from the great number of the Glandules is subject to Inflammation Tumors Vlcers and to Corruption These Diseases seeing they are very difficultly distinguished from others require an experienced Physitian we llkewise speak the same of the Sweet-bread and of the Spleen Yet in the mean time I will communicate to you this Plaister whose virtues I have often experienced in the Cure of the Tumor of the said Parts Take Gum Caranna Ammoniacum of each a dram Quicksilver kill'd with Turpentine half an ounce Make it into a Plaister 5. The Ligaments of the Liver which joyns it to the Diaphragm and to the Sword-like Cartilage are often so much relaxt that the Liver descends to the Region of the Navel this we remedy with this Plaister Take Roots of Bistort three ounces Bole-Armenick two drams Cummin-seeds a dram Gum Galbanum an ounce Ol. Nucistae exprest a dram Make it according to Art into a Plaister Moreover the Liver is not freed from Inflammations Vlcers nay not from Gangrene it self 6. The Gall may be broke from an extream Cough a Stone also nay sometimes many are generated in it I was last year with a certain Scot who in the space of four weeks voided two hundred Stones and more by Stool and was cured only by the use of the following purging Conserve Take Electuary of the juyce of Roses an ounce Powder of Jalop a dram Spirit of Salt a scruple Make it into a Conserve Let him take each day or each other day the quantity of a Nutmeg 7. For Wounds and Vlcers of the Kidneys our Chirurgery furnisheth you with sufficient Medicines The Vreters are also subject to Exulcerations but are cured by the same means which are proper in Vlcers of the Kidneys If they are broke either by a great Stone or other Cause the Disease is accounted incurable 8. Besides Stones Worms also are generated in the Bladder which may be expelled by Diureticks mixt with those things that kill Worms Take Aqua Antinephritica an ounce Water of grass two ounces Spirit of Salt six drops Corallin a scruple Syrup of Wormwood an ounce Mix them Let the Patient take one half in the Morning the other in the Evening This injection also is covenient it bringing them forth in a short time Take holy-thistle-Holy-Thistle-water six ounces Mirrhe Aloes dissolved in Spirit of Wine of each a scruple Honey of Centaury half an ounce Mix them 9. The Testicles may as well as the other parts be inflamed where besides the general means these outwardly are convenient In the beginning let this Cataplasm be applied Take Powder of Red-Roses Myrtles Balaustians of each two drams Barley-Meal two ounces and an half Oyl of Roses Elder-Vinegar of each an ounce Red Wine as much as is sufficient to make it into a Poultice In a vehement pain Take Meal of Linced Barley and Fenugreek of each an ounce Leaves of Henbane a handful Mallows half a handful Hogs-grease an ounce Oyl of Poppy-seeds an ounce and half Milk as much as sufficeth to make it into a Cataplasm If after the Inflammation an Ulcer follows let the Chirurgeon assist Nature with Suppuratives the following Plaister is excellent to mollifie ease pain and to suppurate which is also very good in any other Tumor Emplastrum Filii Zachariae Take Yellow-wax Oxes-marrow Hens and Ducks-grease of each a pound the Mussilage of Linseed Marshmallows Fenugreek of each four ounces Oyl of Linseed as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister The matter being come to suppuration must be discharged which the Chirurgeon may do with a Launcet for I cannot commend to him here a potential Cautery from which I have observed very ill success Let the Orifice be little and penetrate only the Tunicles For in this case although the matter be good nevertheless the disease is dangerous and easily degenerates into a Cancer or Gangrene which cannot be taken away more conveniently than with a Knife and must be done at the first appearance of it then let the Chirurgeon endeavour to cure the Ulcer as soon as possible after the following manner let the Part be defended from all cold and continually corroborated by Medicines that the natural heat may be preserved in it This Lotion used warm is good Take Flowers of Balaustians Red-roses Myrtles of each two pugils Aloes a dram Franckincense two scruples Plantane-water three ounces Red-wine as much as sufficeth Boil them and strain them This being used apply the following Ointment putting over it a Plaister or Cataplasm moderately discussing Take prepared Tutty Ceruse washt of each two drams Red-lead Litharge of Gold of each a dram Sarcocols three drams Burnt-lead two drams Vnguentum Apostolorum half an ounce Oyl and Wax as much as sufficeth to make it into an Ointment 10. If the Yard be wounded for the most part it is mortal This Ointment is very excellent Take washt Ceruse three drams Mirrhe Litharge of each a dram and half Sarcocols prepared Tutty of each a dram Tragaganth two drams Oyl of Roses as much as sufficeth to make it into an Ointment An Inflammation of it is cured in the same manner as an inflammation of other sensible parts but if an External Vlcer should happen the Cure must be performed both by Internal and External Medicines lest it contracts a Malignity and degenerates into a Sphacelus Take Litharge half an ounce Burnt-lead three drams prepared Tutty two drams Aloes a dram and half Pine-bark dried four scruples Lapis Haematitis a dram Seeds of Dill burnt of Gourds burnt of each two scruples Oyl of Roses Quicksilver of each three drams Wax as much as sufficeth to make an Ointment But if it yields not to this by reason of its foulness Take Verdigreece half a dram Water of Plantane and Roses of each two ounces White-wine four ounces Spirit of Wine an ounce Mix them and boil them a little To this may be added Mercury precipitate if there be occasion A Sphacelus in this case hath no certainer cure than extirpation in part or wholly lest the mischief creep inwardly and kills the Patient
and Dr. Francis Vanderschagen wherewith we thought it necessary to oppose that pernicious Enemy with which we were to contend Our Prophylactick Water Take Roots of Angelica Zedoary of each an ounce Roots of Butter-Bur two ounces Leaves of Rhue four ounces Leaves of Balm Scabious Marrigold-Flowers of each two ounces unripe Walnuts sliced two pound fresh Citrons sliced a pound let them be all bruised together then poure upon them six quarts of the best Wine-Vinegar distilled by it self in a Glass Cucurbit in Sand. Let them digest a night then distil them with a gentle fire of Embers to driness but without burning and preserve this Vinegar for your use If you desire an Extract or Salt poure some of the distilled Liquor upon the Caput Mortuum or to the remander and let it digest for three days till it hath drawn out a Tincture with filtre and distil the filtred Liquor in Balneum Mariae to the consistence of an Extract After the Extract calcine the Caput Mortuum and draw forth the Salt Our Prophylactick Conserve Take fresh Citrons two pounds the Juice hard prest out the outward Coats separated from the inward Pulp and bruised very small adding Conserve of White-Roses half a pound of Red-Roses of Borage-Flowers of each half a pound preserved Orange-peels four ounces Make it into a Conserve Our Alexipharmick Powder Take Roots of Contrayervae half an ounce Pestilent-wort Tormentil Elicampane of each 2 drams sealed Earth Bole-armenick of each three drams Shavings of Harts-horn Ivory of each a dram Red Coral prepared four scruples Biting Cinamon two drams Diaphoretick Antimony half an ounce Make it into a Powder I have made use of these three foregoing Medicines with very great success as have also those famous Physicians before-mentioned when they have applied them to several that have been visited with the Plague When I have given them for a Preservative against the Plague I seldom mixed any other with them but for the Cure of it I never made use of them single but have always given them with these or some such like viz. Take Diascordium of Fracastorine four scruples Salt Prunella a scruple Salt of Wormwood half a scruple our Prophylactick Water holy-thistle-Holy-Thistle-water Syrup of Barberries of each an ounce Mix them for a draught Or Take our Alexipharmick Powder a scruple Vitriolated Tartar eight grains Salt of Coral 15 grains Confection of Alkermes half a dram our Prophylactick Water an ounce and half rue-Rue-water as much as sufficeth Syrup of Holy-Thistle an ounce Mix it for a draught Or Take Antimony Diaphoretick a scruple Salt of Scordium of Rue of each half a scruple our Prophylactick water an ounce fumitory-Fumitory-water as much as is sufficient Julep of Roses an ounce Mix it for a draught Take Confection of Hyacynth Diascordium Threacle of each two scruples our Prophylactick extract fifteen grains Spirit of Salt half a scruple Mix it into a Bole. Take our Prophylactick Conserve a dram and half prepared Crabs-Eyes a scruple our prophylactick-Prophylactick-water half an ounce Syrup of Limons an ounce Elder-Vinegar half an ounce Mix it for a draught Take Bezoartick Minera fifteen grains Sal Prunella a scruple Lozenges of Sugar pearl'd half a dram Make it into a Powder Let the sick person take some of these Medicaments for the provoking of Sweat plentifully to which purpose let him take Mutton or Chicken-broth an hour or two after he hath taken his Medicament let the Sweat be gently wiped off with a warm Cloth and another applied to his Breast For we have found it not safe to change the Shifts and other Linnen about the Patient unless they are too much moistened by Sweat We may safely administer these or the like Sudorificks twice in a day to the Patient or thrice in 24 hours and that very much to his benefit There are some who every six hours have very advantagiously made use of a new Sudorifick Nor are you easily to be persuaded to cease from the use of these means although the Patient should tell you that he is well in health lest you find the treacherous Disease of a sudden to surprize you both again For young Children who do usually abhor the taking of Physick I have found nothing better than the following Powder given them in their ordinary Drink two or three times in the space of 24 hours the Sugar may be omitted if the Patient digusts sweet things Take Diaphoretick Antimony 15 grains Lozenges of Sugar pearl'd a scruple and half Make it into a Powder Or Take Crabs-Eyes prepared Shavings of Ivory Bezoartick Mineral of each six grains Make it into a Powder We will treat of Juleps when we come to discourse of the Cure of the Plague The Symptomes of the Plague THey are many and very various but most of them are accompanied with some others which when the former are cured the latter are very easily removed We therefore think it very needless to give an account of them all in this place it will be sufficient to instance in the chief of them amongst which we in the first place encounter with A Fever Of such a Nature that it admits not of any purging or letting of Blood which the Experience of several hath sufficiently confirmed The Sudorificks before prescribed are no less useful for this Sympton than for the Plague it self but the Fever and great driness of the Tongue requiring such things as refrigerate they are not to be administred except they are mixed with Sudorificks as we have shewn before Take Water of Borage Sorrel of each two ounces our Prophylactick Water an ounce and an half Juice of sowre Oranges fresh Citrons of each two drams Julep of Roses as much as will make it conveniently sweet Oriental Bezoar fifteen grains Mix them Let the Patient often take the quantity of a spoonful hereof at once whereby his thirst will be much better allayed than if he should drink ten times the quantity of Beer and that without any check or hinderance to the Sweat Or Take holy-thistle-Holy-Thistle-Water a pint our Prophylactick Water two ounces Syrup of sour Pomgranates two ounces and an half Mix them Or Take Scorzonera-roots Butter-bur-roots of each an ounce Sorrel-leaves two handfuls Boil them in Barley-water to a pint of the Liquor add Syrup of Violets two ounces Sal Prunella two scruples or Spirit of Salt as much as is sufficient Mix them For the Rich such like Juleps as these may be prepared which are both pleasant to the Palate and very Cordial Take borage-Borage-water three ounces holy-thistle-Holy-Thistle-water a pint Rose-water an ounce Lozenges of Sugar pearl'd an ounce Amber-greece two grains Musk a grain Juice of Citrons as much as sufficeth Mingle them Wesop-Ale or some such like which is well boyl'd may here be very useful especially if some Nutmeg scrap'd or a piece of calcin'd Harts-horn be tied up steeped in it Nor need we fear any mischief from exceeding either in the quantity or the frequent repeating of it but we must take heed that
it be not given cold lest Gripings Flux and a pain at the Heart such like Maladies should be caused thereby To such who have weak stomachs a pain at their heart I do use to give the liberty when their Fever abates to drink Mosel or Rhenish-wine with Sugar the juice of Limons provided that they take it in a moderate quantity But I believe they do err very much who prescribe to their Patients whilst the Fever continues still very high some sort of French Wine either alone by it self or mixt with their Sudorificks That Oriental Stone call'd Lapis Porcinus or Pedro Porco is of very great use if it be steeped for a while in your ordinary Drink for it strongly provokes Sweat and very much refresheth the Heart This Stone if I mistake not is generated in the Gall of an Hog for it is exceeding bitter and though it be very hard yet every time it is infused it abates somewhat of its quantity which is discoverable by the Tincture which it imparts to the Liquor Nor is the Gall of a man sometimes void of such Stones which are like unto those taken out of an Hog in savour hardness and colour and we might find them too perhaps in their efficacy likewise if we thought fit to make trial of them This Fever is often accompanied with drowsiness which forbids the use of the principal Sudorificks such as Treacle Mithridate Diascordium c. because there is Opium in their composition which makes them not so effectual for the preventing of sleep It is more requisite to use this following which is agreeable for dispelling the Vapours which infect the Head and the heat about the Heart Take Salt of Rue of Scordium Prunella of each half a scruple Vitriolated Tartar 8 grains our Prophylactick Water an ounce balm-Balm-water as much as sufficeth Syrup of Betony an ounce Mix them for a draught Let Sweat be thereby provoked and let it be the care of the Attendants that after the first or second day the Patient may be kept from sleep if it be found that he hath strength to bear it There is sometimes joyn'd with the Fever continual Watchings and a great pain of the Head I do not use to be much concerned for the watchings although it should continue for the first three days without intermission for it often falls out that by the use of Sudorificks only the pain is the first day abated on the 2d becomes tolerable and on the third is quite taken away Opium hath in it the virtue of causing Sweat and is a great Ingredient in Treacle Diascordium and Mithridate which without it would not in my judgment have that Sudorifick quality for which they are now noted It is also reckoned by several Authors amongst those Medicines which are famous for dispelling of Poison whose use is very requisite in all malignant Fevers nor do I believe that there can any other Medicine be named which gives so present relief to the Patient as Opium concerning the operation whereof they are able to give a better account who have been frequent and curious in the use of it I have sometimes in this case though contrary to Custom given it sparingly when I have found the sick person not to sleep in the first second or third days But when he hath waked for six or seven days together and found a great decay of strength this following Prescription taken every quarter of an hour by a spoonful till sleep hath seized on him hath afforded great relief and the sleep produced thereby hath been undisturbed and of long continuance Take our Prophylactick-water an ounce half borage-Borage-water an ounce cinamon-Cinamon-water three drams Confection of Hyacinth a dram Lozenges of Sugar pearl'd three drams Laudanum Opiat two grains Mix them You may safely make use of Opium after the manner before mentioned but in Gachectick infirm Bodies whosoever gives it too boldly or is fearful of prescribing it at all discovers that he understands not its Virtue and Efficacy Before I come to the use of Opiat Laudanum I endeavour to ease the pain of the Head by these following viz. by applying Ground-Ivy bruised to the nape of the Neck and to the soles of the Feet and palms of the Hands this or some such like Composition Take Leaves of Rue a handful and half sowre Leaven two ounces Pigeons dung an ounce common Salt half an ounce Elder-Vinegar as much as sufficeth to make it into a Poultice to be applied to the soles of the Feet and palms of the Hands Or Take Bolearmenick seal'd Earth common white Chalk of each half an ounce Vinegar of Marigolds as much as sufficeth Apply it as before To the Forehead I have often applied the Powder of Cloves moistened with the Spirit of Wine for I take Vinegar to be hurtful as are also all Emulsions Vomiting and the Hiccough is another symptom of the Plague It hath been observed by several who have been so curious as to open Bodies which have died of the Plague that Carbuncles have often appear'd in the Stomach and amongst the Entrails whose testimony is not to be rejected since it is so agreeable both to Reason and Experience These If they are not the Cause of the Vomiting and Hiccough may be easily removed by a spoonful of this following Preparation taken cold every quarter of an hour Take mint-Mint-water our prophylactick-Prophylactick-water of each an ounce and half cinamon-Cinamon-water half an ounce Confection of Hyacinth a dram Salt of Coral a scruple Syrup of Myrtles half an ounce Rose-Julep half an ounce Mix them By the use hereof the Vomiting is usually stay'd especially if the Stomach be sometimes anointed with this following Oyl Take Oyl of Nutmegs by Expression a dram and half Oyl of distill'd Mace half a dram Oyl of Wormwood a dram Mix them In the mean while let the sick person forbear to drink too plentifully and as soon as the Vomit is stayed let him make use of some good Sudorifick Another Symptom of the Plague is a great Flux which is usually a sign that Death approacheth but when the sick person hath not voided meer blood nor any thing of a bloody substance I have sometimes found these following Prescriptions to be successful Let him abstain from all things that are either acid or salt which except in this case are of great use in the Plague and likewise from drinking much But if his thirst be so exceeding great that he cannot bear it let him take one two or three spoonfuls of this following Mixture Take Tormentil-Roots an ounce Red Roses a handful Shaving of Harts-horn a dram Seeds of Sorrel and Mirtle of each a dram Boil them in Smiths water and to nine ounces of the Liquor add of the Confection of Hyacinth a dram Syrup of Mirtles an ounce Mix them Many have also from Treacle alone received great benefit by swallowing a little of it every four hours till they have taken the quantity of a dram as likewise
I gave him the next day a more powerful Sudorifick whereof we found very notable effects but his thirst by that means being increased made him drink a great quantity of Beer whereby the vomiting returned and because he complained of a pain in his Belly we were afraid of a Diarhaea wherefore instead of Beer we gave him this following Mixture by Spoonfuls Take rose-Rose-water two ounces holy-thistle-Holy-Thistle-water four ounces mint-Mint-water an ounce cinamon-Cinamon-water three drams our prophylactick-Prophylactick-Water an ounce and half Syrup of Myrtles two ounces Mix them And in the Evening he took this Sudorifick Take Confection of Hyacinth a scruple Treacle Diascordium of each two scruples Salt of Coral fifteen grains our prophylactick-Prophylactick-Water ten drams Mix it for a draught The night after passed quietly the Vomiting ceased the third day after there was a Carbuncle discovered on the inside of the left Nostril We applied to it our Divine Plaister and inwardly we gave Sudorificks and such things as might refrigerate on the 4th day his Nose was observed to be cold and to look of a purple colour the Carbuncle extending it self to the Processus Mammiformis the Pulse beat low and unequal nevertheless he took another Sudorofick but without success for about Noon many mortal signs discovered themselves and although he was all along of a sound mind yet after two hours he departed XIV The Wife of John N. Chirurgeon in September was suddenly taken with a Fever with drowsiness and anxiety of heart I prescribed this Sudorifick Take Diascordium of Fracastorius a dram Confection of Hyacinth Lapis Prunellae Salt of Scordium of each a scruple our Prophylactick Water an ounce Betony Water as much as sufficeth Syrup of the juyce of Holy-Thistle half an ounce Mix it for a draught It produced no Sweat which was an ill Omen The next day therefore she took this which is somewhat stronger Take Treacle Diascordium of each a dram half our Prophylactick Water an ounce and half Salt of Holy-Thistle a scruple Syrup of Limons six drams Mix it for a Potion And this also effected nothing For variety sake in the Evening I gave her this following Take Salt of Wormwood Scordium Prunella Antimony Diaphoretick of each a scruple Syrup of the Juice of Holy-Thistle an ounce Our Prophylactick Water two ounces Mix it for a Draught By the help whereof she began to sweat the Fever to abate together with the anxiety but the third day after the Spots appear'd which carried her off immediately Her Husband after eight days beginning to visit his Patients again came about eight in the morning to one that was sick when sitting down on a Stool he was suddenly so taken that he could not rise again about Noon by the help of his Son and his Man he went home where taking his Bed he was presently seized with a great drowsiness which I call'd a Coma because whatever I did or said to him I could not get two words from him I presently prescribed him a Clyster and this Ointment for his Head Take Oil of Marjoram a scruple Oil of Rue a dram of Amber rectified a scruple Rosemary half a scruple Mix them I advised also that they should endeavour to make him sneeze by putting Tobacco to his Nose and give him inwardly some of this Mixture Take Anti-Epileptick water of our Porphylactick water of Betony and Rosewater Syrup of Stoechas of each an ounce The Clyster came from him without any effect and Tobacco did no good he took a little of the Mixture and about evening I prescribed him another Clyster and this Sneezing-Powder following was blown up his Nostrils with a Quill Take the flower of Lillies of the Valley Leaves of Marjoram of each half a scruple white Hellebore three grains Make them into fine Powder By the help hereof he sneezed 3 or 4 times and a purulent Matter came from him at his Mouth but a greater quantity of it went down his Throat besides which there remained a great deal of it in his Mouth which we could easily squeeze forth by pressing his Cheeks These were sufficient signs of an Abscessus in the Brain and consequently of certain Death especially when we could not perceive that his Senses returned to him not that he was any other way reliev'd but on the contrary his voice quite failed him and he began to rattle in the Throat nor was I deceived in my conjecture for in a short space he died Four of his Children and a Maid-servant followed him his Man was cured of a Bubo under his Arm-pit by drawing a Blister and by applying some drawing Medicines His eldest Daughter and youngest Son still survived He had a Fever but was not very sick but she was handled more severely She had a Thrush appeared on the eighth day which took off not only the Fever but the whole Disease and thus of ten in Family but three escaped You have here an account of the true Signs and Effects of Malignity which none but such as are possess'd with the Spirit of contradiction can deny to be Contagious POST-SCRIPT I Intended to have published at least forty of these Observations but being taken up with giving an account of other things which will conduce very much to the illustrating of our Art which in their due time may be made publick I could make no further progress in this Make use of these for the benefit of your Friends and if you desire to see them put us in mind of the other FINIS An Index of Things and Words A. ABdomen or the lower Belly pag. 266. Hardened and Inflamed pag. 263 Abscesses or Imposthumes their manner of opening pag. 42 Acetabulum or Pixis pag. 312 Achor see Porrigo Aegylops pag. 284 Alae Anaplerosis what it is pag. 2 Aneurism its Cause and Sign pag. 135 Anodins pag. 94 Antrophy pag. 238 Anus fallen down 35. Imperforated and Cure pag. 46 Aperientes what pag. 277 Armilla the Hand Arsnick its Quintessence pag. 124 Artery its difference c. Aorta Pulmoniack 228. Humeraria Axillares Carotis Cervicalis Coeliaca Emulgens Gastro Epiploica Intercostalis superior Lumbaris Phrenica Scapularis Spermatica Splenica Subclavialis Thoracica 229. Cruralis Epigastrica Hypogastrica Iliaca Pudenda Vmbilicalis 230 Venosa 226 How to be opened pag. 231 Arthrodia what pag. 208 Articulation what Ibid. Astragalus pag. 211 Atheroma its Cause and Cure pag. 111 Atlas pag. 210 Auricles pag. 307 B. BAsis of the Tongue pag. 279 Batrachios pag. 291 Beensuyger pag. 211 Beenureeter pag. 212 Bleeding on whom and how to be performed pag. 37 Bones what their Nutriment 207. Their Connection Number Vse 208. Of the Arm 210. Hammer of the Ear 210 276. Of the Heel 211. Of the Hip Coccygis Ilium Innominatum Iscium of the Breast of the Temples 210. Ethmoides Forehead of the Head pag. 209 Bone of the Breast its Fracture 14. Of the Collar pag. 210 Breast what 266. Hardned Inflam'd Apostemated pag. 303 Bronchole pag. 34 Bubo its Cause
less danger than the next foregoing and people oftner recover upon it yea Learned Writers assure us that by this Operation and the use of Injection they have cured many of Ulcers of the Lungs Concerning the Place of Opening Authors are not agreed in it the reason whereof is obvious For the Diaphragma runs higher in some persons than in others whence it comes to pass that the collected Humors in some Patients lie higher than in others Secondly the Chest is raised in some flat in others which here much alters the case Besides the Lungs do often grow so fast to the Pleura that the sanious matter cannot easily be carried into the Cavity of the Breast In which case it would be ill done to chose the place of Opening lowest in respect of the Diaphragma And in regard that in this as in other swellings the most eminent place is esteemed the most convenient for opening it cannot be otherwise but that one Chirurgeon hath made choice of this place and another useth that place as the best Upon which account Hyppocrates Guido Amatus Lusitanus c. do make the apertion between the third and fourth Rib counting from beneath upwards Fienus Riverius and many others between the fourth and fifth Paulus Aegineta Vidus Vidius Fabritius ab Aquapendente Sennertus c. between the fifth and sixth which place in my opinion is the safest for if higher the Pericardium if lower the Diaphragma may be wounded of which there have been many sad Examples But in this difference of dissenting Writers what hath been said will direct you to pass into the safest Haven All things therefore well considered chuse the place where to make your Apertion not the forepart for before the Sternum or Breast-bone will hinder your operation here nor in the back-part for the Ribs are so close to one another that without hurting some Vessels you cannot make any Apertion there but on the side four or five inches from the Sternum Neither ought the Incision to be so near to the upper Ribs as to the lower because the intercostal Vessels viz. the Vein Artery and Nerve lie in the lower part of each Rib where Nature hath assigned them a place branching themselves into the middle of the intercostal Muscles which dissemination nevertheless hinders not but that the Incision may be made in the middle between the two Ribs After you have marked the place with Ink charge the Patient to breath forth as long as possibly he can without taking it in and in the mean time make an oblique but small Orifice and put into it a Silver or Leaden Pipe and take forth four or five ounces of Matter to run out in a day In case the Matter does not come forth well place your Patient on the wounded side and make him to cough if by reason of its toughness it will not yet come forth then inject into the cavity some abstersive exsiccating and healing Medicines As Take Goats whey eighteen ounces Honey of Roses four ounces the Juice of Celandine and Smallage of each six drams Mingle it Or Take the Roots of Comfrey the greater an ounce of Sanicle half an ounce the Leaves of Betony Agrimony Periwincle Burnet of each half a handful the Cordial Flowers two pugils the Seed of St. John'swort Holy-Thistle Roman-Nettle of each half a dram Boil them in Water and Honey to a pint and half strain it and keep it for your use Of this Injection the Patient may also drink a little twice or thrice a day It is yet further to be observed that the collected Matter is often contained in a Membrane of its own and by its rising manifests it self from without and then the Latines call it Vomica Pulmonis In which case you must not stay till the Membrane breaks of its self for by delay the Matter flowing up and down is more difficulty to be got out of the Breast but open it presently taking no other place but the most raised part of the swelling Now since an Empyema for the most part follows upon a Pleurisie and 't is dayly found that ignorant Chirurgeons take all kind of pain in the Sides Belly and Breast although caused from Winds only for a Pleurisie thereupon immediately opening a Vein I thought therefore necessary to write in this place of the Pleurisie as much as is necessary for a Chirurgeon to know for the preventing such mistakes The Pleurisie then is an inflammation of the Pleura and commonly of the Lungs themselves caused from afflux of Blood accompanied with Pain Cough spitting of Blood shortness of Breath continual Feaver strong and quick Pulse The Cause is the Blood sometimes alone when a true Pleurisie sometimes mixt with other Humors then it occasions a Bastard one The Signs as may be seen in the Description are so evident that those who know not how to distinguish it from a Cholick are not worthy of any excuse The Prognosticks The sooner the matter is concocted and the whiter and easier 't is ejected the quicker and safer is the Issue If the Cough and difficulty of breathing lessen not by a copious Expectoration 't is an ill sign If the Patient come not to spit the third or fourth day then will he scarce see the seventh If upon Bleeding and other fit means the pain cease not the Patient must either die or the Pleurisie will turn to a Consumption or an Empyema The Cure In this case Bleeding is one of the most necessary and safest means of Cure and if used in time the Patient in the very Operation and before the Vein be closed will find relief and sometimes be altogether freed of the pain Nor do I know any Disease in which there may to the Patient's benefit be so much Blood taken away at once as in this There are different Opinions concerning what side the Patient is to bleed on But those have had little Experience of this sickness who have not found that Patients at least in these Countreys are relieved much more and sooner when they are bled in the Arm of the same side where the Pain is than when it is done in the opposite side The Pain not ceasing in four and twenty hours we are necessitated to bleed twice or thrice most commonly in the same Arm but here you must well observe the Patient's strength After letting Blood sometimes Purging Swearing and Expectorating Remedies are very necessary One only Medicine I cannot conceal from you because of its Excellency The Industrious Physitian Dr. Hadden in his Cure of the Pleurisie hath much commended it and I have after once Bleeding always in the beginning used it with great success viz. Take the Juice of Dandelion an ounce and half the Water of Plantane two ounces of Holy-Thistle and Scabious Syrup of Poppies Erratick of each an ounce Crabs-Eyes a scruple and half Mix it Let the Patient every half hour take down a spoonful or two of it until the Flux be stopped After which you
Discussives exceed afterwards we use only Discussives though sometimes stronger sometimes weaker according to the condition of the Disease Take Aloes three drams Bole-armenick half an ounce Acacia Dragons blood Cyprus Roots powdered of each two drams Saffron half a dram Rose-Vinegar an ounce and half Oyl of Mirtle and Earth-worms of each an ounce Wax as much as is sufficient to make it into a Linament Another stronger Take Crude Brimstone Ashes of Vine Branches Sal-Gemme of each two drams Bean-meal two ounces Vinegar an ounce Oyl of Nuts a dram Turpentine and Wax as much as sufficeth either to make it into the Consistence of an Ointment or Cerat Another yet stronger Take Laudanum an ounce and half Frankincense an ounce Styrax-Camitis half an ounce Brimstone six drams Alom Salt-peter Ashes of each two drams Cows-dung half an ounce Oyl of Rue an ounce Turpentine and Pitch as much as sufficeth to make a Plaister An Excellent Cataplasm Take Roots of Marsh-mallows three ounces Bryony Dwarf-Elder of each 2 ounces Leaves of Sage and Rue of each a handful Savin half a handful Boil them in equal parts of Wine and Water in the end adding of Vinegar three ounces then being well beat together add Bean-meal two ounces and a half Ashes half an ounce Cows-dung one ounce Salt half an ounce Leaven an ounce and half Oyl of Camomil four ounces Hoggs-grease two ounces Make it into a Cataplasm If it comes to an Abscess which rarely happens this Poultice is Excellent especially if the Vinegar be omitted and in its room Onions and a quantity of Unguentum Basilicon be added If an Oedema proceed from a Consumption Dropsie or ill habit of Body till those Diseases be cured that cannot I have used often to Cure an Oedema with this Wine or Purging Conserve and exactly rowling the Arms or Legs with Rowlers of 12 or 15 yards long beginning from below upwards and so allowing no liberty for the Humor to descend By this way the Noble Parts are Corroborated the Preternatural Humors Evacuated and the External Members in a few days space restored to their former Condition Take Roots of Orrise Floren. an ounce Sea-holly and Parsley of each half an ounce Rhubarb Agarick Trochis of each three drams Senna six drams Cinamon two drams Cloves half a dram Sem. Siler Mont. two drams tye them in a Cloth and let them infuse in two pints of old White-Wine then take every Morning four or five ounces for a Dose Or Take of Electuary of Juice of Roses an ounce Jalap a dram Spirit of Salt a scruple Mix it in an Electuary Let the Patient take the quantity of a Bean or Hazel-Nut every third or fourth day CHAP. V. Of Scirrhus SCirrhus is a Tumor besides Nature sometimes generated of Tough Viscous Phlegm sometimes of Melancholy hard not yielding to the touch nor painful Differences It is perfect when sprung from Melancholy or Phlegm alone Imperfect when other Humors are unnaturally mixt with it Cause is Melancholy or tough Phlegm Signs great hardness void of pain of a white colour if from Phlegm if from Melancholy Livid Prognostick A Scirrhus where there is no pain and upon which the hair grows is altogether incurable and if Livid it is very dangerous and often degenerates into a Cancer An imperfect small and painful one by means sometimes although very rare may be cured Cure If the Scirrhus be produced from Phlegm the same manner of Diet is to be observed as in an Oedema but if from Melancholy you must chuse a clear Air moderately hot and moist the Meat of the saxe quality and of easie Digestion all sharp things and those that are hot in the third or fourth degree hurt Let the Drink be neither thick nor strong but warming Sadness Anger Cares Venery much Sleep hurtful but moderate Exercises very necessary Bleeding is scarce ever administred with any success but Sweating and Purging with great Amongst the External Remedies are Discussives and Emollients but yet the whole course of the Cure must be mixt now increasing the quantity of the one then of the other The use of Suppuratives in the Cure of Schirrhus hath seldom any good event There are those which try cutting out and burning which must be attributed to their rash ignorance except contained in a proper Tunicle and then the name of Schirrhus is ill attributed to that Tumor Emollient Medicines Butter the fat of Hens Geese Ducks Hogs Foxes Bears Mans Mallows Marsh-mallows Orrach Gums Ammoniacum Galbanum Bdellium Styrax Liquida Ointment of Marsh-mallows Plaisters of Diachilon of Mussilages and Mellilot Resolvents are set down in the Chapter of a Phlegmon Take Gum Galbanum Ammoniacum Oppoponax of each an ounce Flower of Brimstone Red Myrrhe of each half an ounce Camphire a dram Oyl of White-Lillies Ducks-grease of each six drams Wax as much as is sufficient to make it into a Plaister Take Roots of Marsh-mallows three ounces Orrise an ounce Leaves of Colworts Pellitory of the Wall Mallows Flowers of Camomile and Mellilot of each a handful Linseed two ounces boil them in Water and being well beat together add to them Horse-dung two ounces Hoggs-Grease Oil of Camomil of each an Ounce boil'd Onions half an Ounce Make a Cataplasm CHAP. VI. De Tumore Aquoso or Watry Tumor TUmor Aquosus is a Collection of a Watry Humor in the whole body or in some one part soft and without pain yielding to the Fingers but suddenly returning Difference Sometimes the whole body is swell'd with water which Tumor is call'd Anasarca sometimes the lower Belly only or with the Legs and then it is called Ascites if Wind mixing with the water extends the Belly like to a Drum it is call'd Tympanites These are three kinds of Dropsies whose Cure rather appertains to the Physician than Chirurgion Water collected in the Head is call'd Hydrocephalos in the Breast a Dropsie of the Lungs in the Navel a Hydromphalos in the Cods Hydrocele Cause is Serum to wit Salt-water produced from the lost heat of the parts that serv'd to Sanguification and Chylification Signs This Tumor is softer then Oedema and more yielding to the Fingers without pain with some itching and if you look on it by Candle-light very shining Prognosticks Watry Tumors are not dangerous if the principle parts that feed it are not too much debilitated yet all are of difficult Cure especially those in and about the Joynts Cure Diet is here the same as in Oedema All Salt things indurated with Smoak and too great a quantity of Drink are very hurtful as also Spirit of Wine and Pepper otherwise hot and dry Aliments are best Purging is very necessary provided it be not too great lest the parts already weak are more weakned provoking Sweat and Urine here are very profitable Bleeding by experience I know it to be hurtful to all Hydropick People Medicines Purging Water Roots of Asarum Dwarf-Elder Jalap white Mechoacans Leaves and Bark of Elder Euphorbium Turbith Gum Gutta Syrup
quantity of Water over the Fire for 24 hours then boil them to three quarts and to the strained Liquor add Syrup of Roses Sol. with Senna four ounces Mix them Dose six or eight ounces Some make this Decoction with stale Beer or Wine but in these things the Surgeon ought to consider the past manner of living of his Patient his Temperature and Age If you desire that it purge you more you may add a dram or two of Trochise Alhandal and if not strong enough then you may mix it with five or six grains of white Precipitate provided strength gives leave CHAP. XII Of the Carbuncle A Carbuncle is a Tumor besides Nature from adust Blood corrupting the Part where it is collected Difference 'T is called by the Greeks Anthrax by the Latines Ignis Persicus by the Germans Een Kool Some endeavour a Difference between an Anthrax and Carbuncle but lose their Labour There is is no other Difference but sometimes it is bigger sometimes lesser sometimes more Malignant other times less Cause is adust Blood assuming the Nature of black Choler and so apt to putrifie Signs are sometimes but one great Pustule sometimes many litttle ones which being opened appear black and all about enflamed The Crust being removed instead of Matter you find spungy Flesh the Part affected is very painful a Fever present and Watchings Prognosticks Very dangerous when black especially in Plague time when near to to a principal part if great and suddenly vanishing Cure Strong Purging Medicines I much mistrust Clisters or loosening Medicines will suffice viz. Cassia Fistula Manna Tamarinds Cream of Tartar c. But more suspicious to me is Bleeding to fainting as Galen writes and in its room Leeches or Cups with Scarification will be sufficient But I rely most upon Sudorifick and Refrigerating Medicines using outwardly the same Medicines as in the Plague This Plaister is much commended to make a separation of the Eskar Take old Thereacle Mithridate of each half an ounce Leaven Turpentine of each two ounces Honey of Roses an ounce and a half Fresh Butter two ounces White Vitriol an ounce Soot two ounces and half Black-sope three ounces Saffron three drams Yelks of Eggs N o iij. Mix them and make a Plaister according to Art The External Medicines ought often to be changed Here is no need of Suppuratives for the Humors are easily corrupted of themselves in the place of which the Eskar being separated may be used Ung. Fuscum of Felix Wurtz Aegyptiacum and Honey of Roses c. CHAP. XIII Of a Cancer A Cancer is a Tumor besides Nature sprung from Black Choler round hard livid painful full of turgid Veins resembling the feet of a Crab. Difference Where not exulcerated by the Greeks it is named Carcinoma when ulcerated Plagedaena by the Greeks and by the Germans De Wolf Signs In the beginning difficultly known scarce equalling a Pea in bigness then sometimes increasing suddenly sometimes slowly it makes it self by its grievous Symptoms easily enough to be known The Tumor is hard painful hot livid or black round with some inequality full of swell'd Veins Prognosticks A Cancer is seldom Cured by Medicines often by Chirurgery but not without danger sharp Medicines exulcerate it It is imprudence to attempt an occult Cancer or that is detained in any Cavity of the Body except it be very little and may easily be taken away by Incision Cure Diet the same as in Schirrhus frequent Purging convenient be cautious in Bleeding as also in Scarification The Moneths flowing in Women and in Men the Hemorrhoids are very beneficial Externally Suppuratives and strong Discutients are hurtful the following good Medicines in a Cancer Roots of Arum Dropwort Gentian Figwort Mullein Leaves of Maidenhair Housleek the greater Agrimony Tobacco Plantain Nightshade Hounds-tongue the Spawn of Frogs of Whales Burnt-Crabs Burnt-Lead Mans-Dung Plaisters of Diapompholigos of Lead Diafulpharis of Frogs with Mercury Sugar of Satùrn Camphire For a Cancer not ulcerated Take the Juice of Plantain Endive Housleek the greater Night-shade Rose-Vinegar Oyl of Myrtle of each an ounce Venice-Turpentine two drams Stir them together in a Leaden Mortar with a Leaden Pestle adding of the Rinds of Pomegranates and Citrons of each a dram Bole-armonick Burnt-lead Camphire of each half a dram Make it into a Liniment For an Ulcerated Cancer Take Galls Pomegranate-Rinds of each half an ounce Burnt Talk an ounce Bole-armenick half an ounce Burnt-Lead two drams Ashes of Crab-shells a dram Turpentine and Honey as much as is sufficient Make an Ointment By the use of these or the like Medicines Cancers that are not ulcerated have been often cured and ulcerated Cancers have been for many years kept in the same condition but for the most part the business is committed to Chirurgery The Part affected being held by a pair of Forceps is to be cut off by the help of a convenient Knife but so that nothing of the Cancer be left behind left it bud afresh others holding it only with their left hands or passing a string quite cross take it off by Incision Many with great Praises extol prepared Arsenick or Mercury sublimate but its Deeds answer not their Words Its Preparation John Faber in his Myrotheico Spargirico teaches The Quintessence of Arsenick Take Cristalline Arsenick with the like weight of Salt-Petre and reduce all into the finest Alchool and put them into a very strong Glass-Retort to which joyn a Recipient big and large enough being well luted together distil them with Embers observing the degrees of the Fire at first gentle at the end very strong and violent until all the Spirits of the Arsenick and Salt Petre are gone forth They being come forth and the Vessels cold disjoyn the Recipient from the neck of the Retort having great care of the Spirits that are within which are venomous suddenly stopping the mouth of the Receiver with a strong Lute afterwards breaking the Retort and that which is in the bottom must be powdered and put into a new Retort and upon the Powder that is put into the Retort the Spirits of Arsenick which were in the Receiver is to be powred and distill'd again being luted well as at first This is to be done three or four times till the Arsenick be well calcin'd with the Salt-Petre then lay the Arsenick upon a strong Tile and for a whole day make a strong fire about it so that which could not be Calcined by Distillation may be Calcined and burnt by an open Fire This Calx of Arsenick is to be dissolv'd in distilled Rain-water and the Solution so cleansed and depurated from its Terrestrial Excrements and by filtring made clear and limphid is to be evaporated and dried and calcined again with a very strong Fire until it remits no Faeces in the Solution but the whole Calx is dissolved and the Water remains most clear and limphid then the Water being evaporated it is to be dried Then lastly it s above reserved Spirit
is to be powred upon it and mixt with it but first it ought to he seven times rectified You must make this Conjunction in a Matrace a Glass-Vessel so called by reason of its roundness in the bottom and long neck and in a warm Balneum till the Calx hath imbibed its Spirit then in a Glass-Alembick you shall separate by Balneum whatsoever of waterish Humidity can be separated and there will remain in the bottom the Buttery Calx of Arsenick of great virtue which must be kept in a Glass-Vessel well stopt Take some of this Powder mix it with Basilicon or a Digestive and thus mixt apply to the ulcerated Cancer CHAP. XIV Of a Gangrene and Sphacelus A Gangrene is a beginning Mortification of the the soft Parts of the Body most commonly following a great Inflammation or ill cured Sphacelus Necrosis Syderatio is a perfect Mortification not only of the soft but of the hard parts also Differences In a Sphacelus the parts are altogether dead but in a Gangrene they begin but to die and the sense is not perfectly abolished there the Skin is first pallid suddenly livid then black here in a manner red greater stink in that than in this The Causes of both are six 1. The External Cold of the Air or Repelling Medicines 2. External Heat from burning or use of Corrosive Medicines 3. A Defect of Nutriment as in an Atrophia either by the compression or obstruction of the Vessels by reason of which straightness the Blood cannot pass to the Part. 4. The stopping of the Pores or Perspiration hindred from whence comes a Suffocation of the Natural Heat 5. Malign Humor either begotten in the Body or contractee from venomous Beasts or Medicines 6. The Scurvy which by a peculiar property causeth the Parts sometimes to mortifie Signs A Sphacelus is easily to be known the Part looks black Spungy Flesh Sense Heat and Pulsation abolish'd But the Signs of a Gangrene vary according to the variety of the Causes If contracted from Cold a great pricking Pain is felt in the affected Part First 't is red then pale at length black The Natural heat by degrees is extinguished and there happens a shaking not unlike that in a Quartane Ague If caused from an External Heat or stopping of the Pores the Redness is changed into White then into Black Pulsation and Pain cease the Senses lessened and at last there appear some Pustules from whence issue a gleety Humor If from defect of Aliment there is neither Pain Inflammation or Tumor the Body waxeth cold and for the most part seizeth upon the Joynts If from a venomous Creature or Humor great Pain and Fever always accompany it frequent Faintings and oftentimes Deliriums Here ariseth a Pustule under which appears a black Spot which spreads it self over the whole part If from the Scurvy it for the most part begins at the Toes it shews it self outwardly with blackish spots and lines which degenerates into a dry Crust upon which follows a Numness of the Part and at length a Mortification it self without any Stink Sometimes without pain other times very great especially in them that are given to Passion or Sadness Prognosticks Except a Gangrene be suddenly stopt it degenerates into a Sphacelus easilier cured in young than old People The Humors continually flowing to the part affected bring danger with them and that very great if they are Malignant In the Cavities of the Body to wit in the Mouth Privy Parts and Fundament c. a Gangrene is always difficult of Cure as also that which happens among the Nerves and Tendons in Hydropicks always mortal That which happens from the Scurvy may be spun out from many Months but seldom cured A Sphacelus is not cured but by the Knife and Fire Cure Diet must be good the Air Meat and Drink generally cooling and drying But seeing the Causes are various we leave it to the Physitian to prescribe what is convenient who also must well distinguish concerning Bleeding and Purging when to be used with advantage or disadvantage Sudorisicks and Cordials are of great use here and because that in this and other Diseases they are often used I thought it convenient to set them down in this Place Diaphoreticks or Sudorisicks Roots of Angelica Scorzonera Lovage Contrayerva Herbs Holy-Thistle Fumitory Scordium Harts Horn Unicorns-Horn Bezoar the Stone of an Indian Hog called Pedro Porco Waters of Threacle Alexipharmick Diascordium Threacle Mithridate Species Liberantis Antimony Diaphoretick Salts of Wormwood Prunella Holy-Thistle Rob. Sambuct Take Diascordium Farcastorii one dram alexipharmick-Alexipharmick-Water two drams Holy-Thistle water as much as is sufficient Syrup of Limons half an ounce Make a Potion Cordials Waters of Roses Borage Bugloss Conserves of Rosemary-flowers of Roses Violets Borage Bezoar Harts horn Unicorns horn Confections of Alchermes Hiacynthus Rob. of Red Currans of Barberries of Scorzonera Roots Candied Citron and Orange-peels Candied Saccharum Perlatum Salt of Coral Take Water of Borage Bugloss of each two ounces and an half alexipharmick-Alexipharmick-water three Drams Cinnamon-water two Drams Saccharum Perlatum half an ounce Confection of Hiacinth half a Dram prepared Crabs eyes two Scruples Spirit of Salt four Drops Mix them Let the Patient now and then take one or two Spoonfuls Externally Cupping glasses and Leeches but chiefly Scarification must be used although there are some of our Chirurgeons which altogether reject Scarification nevertheless happily curing their Patients by the following Medicines which resist Putrefaction External Medicaments against a Gangrene Roots of Angelica round Birthwort Herbs of Wormwood Holy-Thistle Tobacco Rue Colewort Germander Flowers of Elder St. John's Wort Mellilot Camomil Lye Brine Ink Urine Spirit of Wine Treacle Ung. Aegyptiacum Fuscum of Felix Wortz Horse-dung Some mix Hemlock in Plaisters or Poultices and use it with success Or Take the Tops of Wormwood Camomil and Elder flowers of each half a handful Leaves of Germander a handful and half Rue half a handful Crums of brown Bread seven ounces Horse-dung three ounces Boyl them in Brine in the end adding to them Ink two ounces Spirit of Wine three ounces Make it into a Cataplasm The sound part ought also to be preserved partly by keeping the Humors from flowing and partly by keeping the Gangrene from spreading For this purpose the Red defensive Plaister or the Cerot of Virgo is good as also this following Cataplasm Take Bolearmonick half an ounce Powder of Galls Cypress-nuts Pomegranate-rinds of each three Drams Barley-meal six Ounces Oxymel simplex as much as is sufficient to make it into a Cataplasm Or Take Seal'd Earth Bolearmenick of each half an ounce prepared Harts-horn a dram Camphire a Scruple Rose-vinegar an Ounce Oyl of Mirtles three ounces white of an Egg Make it into a Linament Cure of a Gangrene caused from Cold. The part gangren'd if not grown black but as yet appears very red with pain the Patient is to be placed at the Fire but not too near but at a distance
30 hours or more been troubled with the Spots at length after exceeding great pain accompanied with a Delirium he voided first Blood and after that a purulent matter through his Yard by which means he was restored to his health I conjectured that there was a Carbuncle in the case which seized not on the Membranous part of the Bladder but on the Neck thereof As to the Cure Blood-letting is very prejudicial to those that already have the Plague and dangerous to such that would prevent it The Poison oftentimes lies hid within the Bâ—dy for some dayes weeks or months before â—â— discovers it self by seizing on the conveyances of the Blood Wherefore I would advise you seriously to consider if by opening a Vein you invite it immediately to the Heart whether the diminution of Blood Spirits and Strength which is effected by this means be not the Cause why the Heart is suffocated and deprived of that vigour which it should make use of to repulse the Enemy I confess some Experienced Physitians of good credit have reported that in hot Countries there is no better means for restoring a Patient visited with the Plague unto his health than that of opening a Vein provided it be done cautiously and at the beginning of the Disease but whosoever have attempted it in colder Climates have quickly learnt by experience that it ought to be forborn Purging which is oftentimes very necessary in other gentle Diseases is excluded by the Malignity of this But every one is not quick-sighted enough to discern when it is requisite to be done and when to be forborn Moreover it is evident that in a Malignant Disease the Physick which is administred to a Patient ought to be more mild and gentle than at other times for besides that the Body cannot then bear strong purgations a Dysentery is oftentimes the consequence of them I have when I have been fully perswaded that there was no Malignity in the Disease oftentimes used this or some such like Potion with good success viz. Take Rhubarb a dram and half Senna two drams Cream of Tartar a dram Scorzonera-Roots half an ounce Aniseeds half a dram Boil them in holy-thistle-Holy-Thistle-Water and to three ounces of the strained Liquor and Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb six drams Spirit of Salt a little Confection of Alkermes a scrupel Make it into a Potion I never adventured to prescribe any thing Purgative to such as have been taken with the Plague before the fourteenth day at which time the Fever and the other Symptoms of the Disease would be abated There are some who have attempted it while the Carbuncles remain purulent and before the Bubo is perfectly cured But I dare not advise any one to follow that Method whatsoever Remedies they administer at the same time which may be intended specifically against the Plague But if it happen that the Patient for several days be very costive and troubled with a pain at his heart and hopes to be relieved by Purgation It is to be considered that the Venom of the Disease and not the Costiveness is the cause of the pain at the Heart it is therefore most requisite to make use of Sudorificks to corroborate the Heart and not to concern your self for the costiveness of the Body but if you desire to open it a little it is better to make use of a Suppository than a Glyster which is not altogether so safe but hath been prejudicial to many on this occasion and to others it hath done but little good and not at all opposed the Malignity of the Disease But to such as will not take this advise which hath been very confirmed by experience and several good Reasons and will still persist to make use of Glysters it is fit however that they forbear to prescribe Scammony as an Ingredient especially to Women in the time of their Flowers Juleps are in this case very necessary but all persons may not make use of them nor any at all times I am never wont to prescribe them without joyning with them some Sudorificks which will appear hereafter and this I take to be the safest course for if the sick person should make use of such things only as refrigerate while he sweats freely the Sweat would oftentimes strike inward and the Venom would be conveyed to the Heart from whence would follow sudden Death There is no means more requisite than that of Diaphoreticks and Cordials especially those that are acid which produce such effects as are certain and therefore the more laudable for they rectifie the Mass of Blood and free it from the venom which infects it They dissolve the pituitous Matter which is lodged in the Stomach and the Entrails and correct the Choler which in this Disease is the cause of much mischief Nevertheless the several disguises of this Disease and the vanity of the Symptoms which attend it do require that they should be often changed since when the Disease is more gentle those things are not to be used which would do good service in an accute one Medicaments against the Plague Roots of Zedoary Butter-Bur Angelica Ditamny Galangal Vipers-grass Gentian Master-wort Lovage Burnet Orrise Florentine and ours China Sarsaparilla Leaves of Rue Scordium Sage Holy-Thistle Swallow-wort Wormwood Southern-wood Centuary the lesser Valerian Sorrel Fluellin Balm Marjoram Rosemary Thyme Mint Flowers of Borage Bugloss Violets Roses Marrigolds St. John worts Rosemary Indian-Spikenard Jesamy Seeds of Citrons Oranges Rue St. Johns wort Anise Coriander Lovage Fruits Citrons Oranges Walnuts Figs sharp Cherries Pippins Ribes sowre Pomegranates Barberries Spices Musk Ambergreece Civet Benjamin Storax Calamita Cinamon Mace Nutmegs Cardamums Camphire Animals or their parts Flesh of Vipers Mummy Serpents Quails Thrushes Harts-horn Unicorns-horn Bezoar Stone of an Indian Hog Ivory Castor Precious Stones and Earths the Jacinth Granate Emerald Ruby Carbuncle Pearls Coral Bolearmenick Earth of Lemnos and Seal'd Gold Silver Salts Common brought lately from the River Nile which moveth Sweat most powerfully of Scordium of Wormwood Rue Self-heal Holy-Thistle Vitriolated Tartar Bezoarticum Minerale Threacle of Andromacus's Diatesseron Mithridate of Damocratis Diascordium of Fracastorius Confection of Alkermes of Hyacinth Species Liberantis Electuaries of the Egg Rob. of Currans of Barberies Conserves of Balm Mint Rosemary-Flowers Borage Bugloss Marigold-Flowers Troches of the Juice of Barberries of Citrons Out of all which you may make choice of such as you judge most fit for the purpose The Writings of Authors who have treated of this Disease will give you an account of other Compounds out of which you may chuse such as please you best I shall here propound such only as I have found to be most efficacious and which I shall constantly make use of till by experience I shall discover some others whose nature is more excellent and that the use of them may the more plainly appear I shall premise some Medicaments that some years since were prescribed by my self and those Learned Men Dr. Francis Sylvius
from this following taken by spoonfuls Take Fracastorius his Diascordium two drams Amber half a scruple red Coral prepared Dragons blood of each a scruple prepared Pearls half a scruple fennel-Fennel-water an ounce Plantane and rose-Rose-water of each an ounce and half Syrup of Comfery of Fernelius an ounce Mix them Clysters of an astringent drying emollient quality given twice or thrice in a day have likewise in this case been found very necessary Take Roots of Comfrey the greater an ounce Bistort and Tormentil Roots of each three drams Oak-leaves half a handful Flowers of Balaustians Red Roses of each a pugil Aniseeds three drams boil them in Cows Milk that hath been burnt to into 8 ounces of Liquor dissolve of Venice Turpentine two drams one Yolk of an Egg white Troches of Rhasis a dram Honey of Mercury half an ounce of Roses an ounce Make a Clyster The Bathing of the Belly with the Lees of white or rather of red Wine and the applying to it afterward a warm cloth three or four times doubled have by some been found to be of singular benefit or else the Ointment and Plaister following may be made use of Take Oyl of Mastick of exprest Nutmegs of each a dram Oyl of Dill Wormwood Myrtles of each two drams old Treacle three drams Mix them Take Bolearmenick Franckincense Mastick Dragons-blood of each two drams Mummy three drams Powder of Galls a dram half Seeds of Carrots Lovage Anise Myrtles of each a scruple Oyl of Nutmegs by expression three drams Venice-Turpentine as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister And thus much may suffice to have been spoken concerning the inward Symptoms of the Plague the outward are three the Spots call'd Petechiae the Bubo and the Carbuncle The Spots can hardly any other way be better removed than by inward Remedies but they do usually portend some mischief The Bubo I am wont to deal with after this manner following At the first appearance of it and although the swelling hath arrived to no considerable height I draw a Blister without making use of Cupping-glasses which by reason that they cause a great deal of pain create a Fever draw unto them both the good bad Humors cause a greater alteration than was before in the Blood I do utterly lay aside After 7 or 8 hours cutting the Blister I apply unto that part a Magnetick Plaister of Arsenick the virtue whereof is so great that I know not any more excellent which will appear to whomsoever shall make use of it the account of it out of Hartman and Agricola is as followeth The Magnetick Arsenical Plaister Take Crude Antimony yellow Brimstone white Arsenick of each two ounces When you have beat them very small let them be put into a Viol covered in Sand to which you must apply fire till they are all melted appear to be of a dark red colour when it is cool it may be taken out of the Vessel and this is that which they call the Arsenical Magnet and hath not in it any thing of Poyson as it may be easily experimented upon Dogs afterwards Take Gum Sagapenum Ammoniacum Galbanum of the Arsenical Magnet of each three drams Turpentine of the Larch-tree Wax of each half an ounce Oyl of Amber two drams Dulcified Earth of Vitriol a dram Let the Gums be dissolved in the strongest Wine-Vinegar and strained through a Linnen Cloth let them after that be boiled up to their former consistence then melt the Wax and the Turpentine together by themselves when you have taken them off from the fire stir them well till you have brought them to the consistence of an Ointment then add to them the Gums beforementioned the Arsenical Magnet together with the Earth of Vitriol and Oyl of Amber you will have that plaister which is most effectual for drawing forth all sorts of Poyson I have found the virtue of this Plaister to be such that if it be applied to those parts where the Skin is somewhat hard it leaves not the least sign of a Scar and yet doth so plentifully draw forth the malignant Humor that a Bubo of the bigness of a Walnut will in the space of 5 or 6 days be utterly taken away but because it doth not always so suddenly produce this Effect it is often very necessary to raise a Blister for evacuation of the Humors And it is observable that in some strong Bodies it causeth no Escar at all unless when the Blister hath corroded not only the outward but also the inward Skin But in Children and more tender Bodies it will of it self cause an Escar although there be no Blister drawn before the application of it This Escar or Crust is the true seat of the Venom which is extracted is of that thickness especially considering that the Skin is but superficially corroded that it is well worth our while to consider it For I do believe that to be the reason why it is much sooner separated than other Crusts or Scars that are caused by Art for in the space of 24 or 36 hours if no Scarification hath preceded it may be easily taken off without any or at least with a very small pain if you make use of any Antipestilential Plaister and add unto it some Treacle or Vnguentum Basilicum or else the severing of the Escar may be very much promoted by this Ointment Take Virgins-Honey Ducks-greese of each an ounce Soot six drams Turpentine an ounce Yolks of two Eggs Treacle three drams Oyl of Scorpions as much as sufficeth to make it into an Ointment But if the Tumor is not sufficiently abated when the first Crust is taken off by the Arsenical Magnetick Plaister it is requisite that you create a second or third and then proceed as before The Ulcer may be consolidated by a Plaister of Minium of White Lead Diapompholigos or some such Remedy which drieth up the Humor and bringeth the Ulcer to a Cicatrice But we must observe this by the way that this Consolidation is not to be wrought too suddenly lest part of the poysonous Humor which still remains in the Body should cause some new Disease which may be fatal to the Patient For want of the Magnetick Plaister you may make use of this following if you take care first to raise a Blister the vertue whereof hath been found to be very great by several for the taking away of painful Scrophula's and the excellent qualities that are in it have made it famous by the name of The Divine Plaister Take Gum Galbanum an ounce Ammoniacum two drams Oppoponax three drams yellow Wax twenty ounces Oyl of Olives 24 ounces Litharge of Gold 17 ounces Olibanum two ounces Mirrhe Frankincense of each ten drams Verdigreece long Birthwort Mastick of each an ounce Bdellium Loadstone of each two ounces Make it according to Art into a Plaister If the Bubo is too protuberant or cleaves to the Tendon a Vesicatory is too weak but
do not disapprove the use of it though as much as I can I void the Smoak An inordinate Diet is very hurtful at all seasons but especially in a Pestilential one There can be nothing prescribed in general which may agree with each man in particular there is very much to be allowed to Custom but we must at all times industriously avoid all Meats that are difficult to be concocted and take great care that the Stomach be not overcharged For our Diet if we can so contrive it we ought to make choice of Veal Mutton Beef Pullets Capons Peacocks Larks Chaffinches Quails Hares Conies c. Perch Pike Whiting Sole Salmon c. Eggs Butter Green and Parma Cheese Buttermilk Cichory Endive Sorrel Lettuce Chervil Parsley Rosemary Sharp-Apples Quinces Limons Oranges Capers c. On the other side Flesh and Fish which hath been dried and salted are very hurtful as Bacon and Pork Haddocks Eels Crabs Shrimps Green Fruit and all things that are hard of Digestion Walnuts are very much commended and not without good reason for there may be very much use made of them The green ones preserved do much good to those that abound with Choler but such as are come to their full ripeness whether you take them fresh gathered or when they are more dried all that make use of them will tell you that they are very pernicious The strongest Beer and Wine of a middle strength are very useful at such times if moderately taken but we cannot allow that any except such as are very ancient should dayly make use of strong and sweet Wines nor of Spirit of Wine and Brandy Go not forth into the Air with an empty Stomach but always take some Preservative against Infection Take our Prophylactick Water 6 ounces Julep of Roses 3 ounces Mix them take the quantity of a spoonful or two each morning Or Take our Prophylactick Conserve 3 ounces take the quantity of a Chestnut in the morning or as often as you are to go to an infected place Vinegar and all sharp things have been commended to us by long experience but they will not well agree with such as are troubled with a Cough weakness of Stomach or the Cholick if they are taken either alone or in too great a quantity I never had any great esteem for outward means but those that can fancy it may wear about their Neck this Amulet Take Arsenical Magnet a dram Benzoes as much as is sufficient make them into great rowls and sew them up in red Lawn We have before described the Arsenical Magnet when we treated of the Bubo Sleep and Watching exercise of the Body and the use of Women if immoderate are very hurtful Costiveness is prejudicial but not so much as a great loosness Sadness Fear and Anger will make very strange alterations in the Blood he who knows how to moderate those Passions is most prudent Practical Observations I. A Young Man aged twenty two years being lately returned from the East-Indies on the 21 of July 1655. in the Evening was suddenly taken with a great pain in his Head and a shivering through his whole Body having that day received much injury from the Water and Air the day following he became exceedingly delirous so that he could not by four men be kept in his Bed The Plague at that time raged very much in the next Town which was very populous but there had as yet appeared no Symptoms of it in this of ours We met with no outward signs of any Malignity nor did those within appear so considerable as to forbid the breathing of a Vein which the Delirium did very much press us upon I therefore prescribed a Cordial Mixture which might also be Sudorifick whereof 2 spoonfuls was to be taken each quarter of an hour and after the space of one hour a Vein to be opened in the right Arm and seven ounces of Blood to be taken from thence I had more than once before made trial of this Mixture in a Pleurisie which was accompanied with Spots The Description of it is as followeth Take Waters of Borage Holy-Thistle Bawm of each an ounce Alexipharmick Water an ounce and half cinamon-Cinamon-water half an ounce Confection of Alkermes without Amber-greece and Musk a dram and half Syrup of the juyce of Citrons an ounce Mix them The mixture was taken and a Vein opened and such things as we thought fitting applyed to the Temples the Neck and the Soals of the Feet but all was not sufficient to overcome the Malignity of the Disease for he dyed that night II. A Man and his Wife on the 5 th of July were both taken with Buboes in their Groin She was very drowsie Feverish and Anxious but by the use of Sudorificks and drawing Plaisters she was by the 10 th day following restored to perfect health He was seized on by a pain in the Head and a small Delirium which continued till the 5 th day on which he was taken with a great fit of Bleeding which with some intermission continued for two days this according to the opinon of all Practical Physicians was to be judged very dangerous But when I considered that his strength was not at all hereby impaired but on the otherside the pain in the Head and the Fever abated nor did the Bubo strike inward I cast away fear and concluded that the Judgments of men by time and experience might be much corrected I therefore thought it not the best course to continue here the use of Sudorificks but rather to strengthen the Heart and to incrassate the Blood and thereby to stop the Flux of it To which purpose I prescribed this which followeth to be taken by a spoonful at a time Take Water of Roses and Plantane of each four ounces cinamon-Cinamon-water six drams Dragons-Blood red Coral prepared of each a scruple Confection of Hyacinth a dram Spirit of Salt eight drops Syrup of Barberies an ounce and half Mix them Upon the taking of this the Bleeding and the Delirium both ceased and thereupon the Patient grew well the Bubo continuing for ten weeks after III. A Maid on the 4th of September was taken with a Fever a pain at the Heart and in the Head and with a Bubo which broke out about the inward part of the bending of the left Arm and seized on the Tendon of the Muscle Biceps from hence proceeded a very acute pain not only in that part where the Bubo appeared but also about the Armpits by consent of parts although there was no swelling which thereabouts appeared I gave her this Sudorifick forthwith Take Diascordium of Fracastorius four scruples Sal Prunella a scruple alexipharmick-Alexipharmick-water an ounce and half and holy-thistle-Holy-Thistle-water as much as is sufficient Syrup of Limons half an ounce Mix it for a draught To the Bubo I applied the Divine Plaister The Sweat came plentifully but the pain of her Arm a Delirium and continual watchings after the use of several other things forced us
to use this Landanum Opiat Take bawm-Bawm-water an ounce holy-thistle-Holy-Thistle-water an ounce and half alexipharmick-Alexipharmick-water an ounce Confection of Hyacinth a dram Julep of Roses ten drams Laudanum Opiat two grains Mix them Of this she took every half hour one or two spoonfuls and although it caused Sweat yet it procured no Sleep The Chirurgeon for variety made use of his Pestilential Plaister but neither was the pain hereby remitted we were therefore forced at length to apply this following to break it Take of unslack'd Lime of Black-Sope as much as sufficeth By the help whereof the Fever very much abated though the pain continued as before but yet in the space of 10 or 12 days it utterly left her but the Bubo remained open for six weeks after for the whole Glandule was consumed by the Ulcer some part of it which was corrupted was necessarily to be separated from the other In the mean while we had great cause to fear that the putrefaction had pierced deeper because the Ulcer was deep and the sides of it callous and a serous matter came from it but by the blessing of God the Cure succeeded according to our wish IV. A Bookseller in May was very much troubled with two Biles whereof one broke out on his Buttock the other on the Scrotum To remove the cause hereof and to abate the Tumor I prescribed this following Laxative Apozem to be taken two or three days together Take Tamarinds an ounce Cream of Tartar two drams Senna 6 drams Rhubarb 2 drams and an half Aniseeds a dram and half boil them in Whey and to a pint of the strained Liquor add two ounces of Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb Make it into an Apozem To the Swelling I applied the Plaister Diachilon with Gums by the means whereof they were wholly removed The same person the 26th of August at which time the Plague raged here very much was taken with a Bubo in his Groin which when after inquisition made that I might satisfie the curiosity of him and his Wife I had declared to be Pestilential it was strange to see what terrour seized upon them both but I quickly caused them to chear up again by letting them know that the Life was not at all in danger for the Man in all other respects was very well he eat drank and slept well had no Fever nor pain at his Heart nevertheless I gave him Sudorificks more than once and the Chirurgeon drew a Blister and afterwards applied Plaisters and drawing Poultices whereby in the space of four weeks the Bubo was wholly dissipated without any Suppuration V. A young Emdener of 26 years old on the 12th of Aug. fell into a continual Fever accompanied with drowsiness trembling of the Lips blackness and driness of the Tongue all malignant signs but I restored him again by the 30th of the same Month to effect which I prescribed him a Sudorifick Morning and Evening and for his ordinary Drink this Julep Take Holy-Thistle-water a pint Alexipharmick-water 2 ounces Julep of Roses 2 ounces half Spirit of Salt eight drops Mix them On the 3d day there was Spots discovered all over his Body nor was his drowsiness or the trembling of his Lips abated but he vomited not at all I gave him this Sudorifick Take Salt of Scordium of Holy-Thistle of each a scruple Antimony Diaphoretick half a scruple Crabs-Eyes brused twelve grains our prophylactick-Prophylactick-water mint-Mint-water and Syrup of the juyce of Holy-Thistle of each an ounce Mix it for a Draught By the use hereof the Fever abated very much and on the eight day I found that he had a Thrush for the separation whereof I prescribed this Mixture to be taken by spoonfuls Take the juyce of the greater Housleek half an ounce Water of Self-heal of Purslane of each an ounce and half the yolk of one Egg Syrup of Violets compound six drams Mix them This being twice or thrice reiterated and making use at the same time of a Lohoch of the Syrup of Purslane and Violets by means hereof the Thrush was removed and the Fever cured without either Purging or letting Blood VI. I was sent for on the 18th of August to a Woman great with child which was taken with a great drowsiness and had a Pestilential Bubo brake forth in her Groin but she had scarcely any Fever her Eyes looked well and her Tongue was moist and she seemed very heart-whole she had now gone seven months on the night following she was delivered which I concluded to be a certain sign of Death and found it true for on the next day about ten of the Clock she departed The Husband of this Woman fell sick the same day he was delirous his Eyes sparkled his Tongue was dry all which I noted for very ill signs his Fever was but small but the pain at his Heart very great his Urine like that of men well in health After having taken two Sudorificks he began to come to himself his Tongue was observed to be moist and a Bubo appeared in his Groin and a Carbuncle on his Back which on the next day had three or four more joyned to it These Symptoms promised good success but it happened otherwise for as soon as he saw his Wife dead he was so altered that the Bubo striking inward and the Sweat stopping the 3d day after he died An old Woman related to him had a Carbuncle without a Fever and by our usual way of proceeding was cured in nine days VII A Midwife which went trembling and unsteady gave me occasion from thence to suspect some extraordinary weakness in her or a Delirium nor was I mistaken for when I came to feel how languidly her Pulse beat I found it evident but yet I could discover no outward Symptom nevertheless the driness of the Tongue the difficulty of Breathing and such other signs did discover that some Malignity was concealed within at length upon enquiry she told us that she had a push upon her right Thigh which upon search we found to be a Carbuncle of the breadth of a Shilling She would not grant that she had any Bubo in her Groin which nevertheless I doubted not of nor suffer the Chirurgeon to search He gave her what was requisite to be applied outwardly I prescribed her a Sudorifick after two days she recovered her strength became of a right mind the 3d day seemed to be perfectly well but on the Evening of that day all was changed she became restless and almost distracted and died that night She had taken before I was sent for Manna with Cream of Tartar and after that Tamarinds all which doing no good but the Disease still encreasing upon her she conjecturing that there was some Malignity in it took an ounce of plague-Plague-Water which though it were much weaker than the Malignity required yet she took it for two dayes by my advice but on the third whatsoever I perswaded to the contrary she changed all her Linnen
Medicines thou canst be Master of to drive out the poyson if thou wilt save thy life I never found any thing that was considerable done in the Plague by means of Purging and Bleeding but rather on the contrary all those that had Spots if they were Purged or let Blood soon after died However I will prescribe nothing magisterially to any man let every one endeavour to do what he can give a good account of I have together with my Collegues treated many hundreds in our Hospitals infected with the Plague without ever opening a Vein and yet we have by Gods blessing recovered near 600 persons besides those that by the same mercy we have cured in their several Houses Now to procure sweat in the very beginning take the quantity of two Hasel-nuts of Treacle dissolve it in common Vinegar but if thou canst have a cordial Acetum made of Rosemary Lavender Elder-blossoms Rue Roses or Elder-berries use it much rather and give it the Patient to sweat Or take the roots of Celondine boyl them in Vinegar and dissolve some Treacle in it Or take Carduus benedictus Rue Petasites or Butter-burr a little Angelica Zedoaria or Saxifrage-roots boyl them together in half White-wine and half Vinegar or only Water dissolve a little Treacle or Mithridate in it and let the Patient take it warm to make him sweat Mithridate hath the like virtue with Treacle yet neither of them are safe to take for Women with Child old Persons and young Children You may also make use to good purpose of the Saxon-powder taking of it the weight of a Ducat in Caduus benedictus Scabius or Sorrel-water which Powder is thus to be prepared Take Valerian half an ounce Celondine or Nettel-roots of each one ounce Polypody Althaea or Marchmallow wild Angelica of each two ounces of garden Angelica four ounces of the rind of Laureola or Lowry an ounce and an half These roots are to be dug up in their best strength viz. between the middle of August and the middle of September and being cleansed they are to be cut small and then put in a glazed pot pouring a sharp Vinegar upon it so as to cover it two inches high Then lute on the cover with a lute made of whites of Eggs and Flower let all be boiled upon a gentle fire then pour off the liquor and dry the roots and reduce them to powder mixing with it some 26 berries of Herbe Paris or One-Berrie which look like Pepper-corns very good against poison and thus the powder is made This herb grows in shadowed and moderately moist places I have found of it several times in Koshinger-wood near Ingolstad It hath four leaves on one stalk and one berry on the top An herb belonging to the family of Solanum's or Night shades whence the leaves of it do very much cool Inflammations especially those of the Eyes when laid upon them Take notice of Sorrel bruise some of it and pour Vinegar on 't the Rue acetum is the best and strain the juice through a cloth put into it a little powder of Angelica about the weight of half a Ducat or of the root of Dictam or of Butter-burr or a little Treacle or Mithridate and give it to sweat On this occasion of mentioning Dictam I must add that in our Countrey there grows only the white Dictam which is among others an excellent Antidote but you must take of it the double quantity and weight to that of Creta You may boil of the root of half an ounce in half White-wine and half Vinegar or instead of the Wine in Carduus benedictus water and drink of the Decoction warm and put your self to sweat or take of the powder of it a drachm and an half in warm broth with a little Vinegar for the same purpose The Dictam of Creta hath hairy leaves and purpureous blossoms and is used in the prepation of Treacle This herb by its odour drives away Serpents The wild Goats being hurt by any Arrows eat this herb and 't is said that by this means the Arrows fall out of the wound This perhaps hath no other ground than that of the Poet Virgil affirming that Venus with this herb healed her Son Aeneas when wounded in the War His words are Aeneid 12. Hic Venus indigno nati concussa dolore Dictamnum genitrix Cretaea carpit ab Ida Puberibus caulem foliis flore comantem Purpureo non illa feris incognita Capris Gramina cum tergo volucres haesere sagittae About this time came in the Hungarian Infection which was a Disease that bred such a a putrefaction in the bodies of Men that even when they were near death they fell a vomiting but that with such a stench that no body could endure it Here those Medicines do well that preserve the body from putrefaction for the Plague Spotted Fevers and the Hungarian Distemper proceed all from inward corruption And of them the Plague attacks the Spirits residing in the Heart and so killeth very quickly whereas Spotted Fevers have their seat in the Blood and therefore do last twelve fourteen and sometimes twenty days before they kill But the Hungarian Disease is seated chiefly in the putrified Phlegm of the Head and Brains whence those that labour under it are tormented with great and maniacal head-ach But though these three Diseases have their rise from one and the same cause Putrefaction and are to be cured by the same remedies yet is therein required the discretion of a prudent Physitian for the ordering and prescribing of Medicines according to circumstances Take a drachm of Zedoary give it pulverised to the Patient in Acetum of Rue or Elder or Marrigold flowers or even in common Vinegar Let him sweat upon it 'T is good against all sorts of venom and causeth a sweet breath as resisting inward corruption In the Apothecary Shops you find an Electuary called Diascordium found by that famous Physician Hieronymus Fracastorius It is like to Treacle and Mithridate only 't is red from some Ingredients giving it that colour This may be used with safety by Women with Child young Children and all sorts of Persons whereas as was said above Treacle and Mithridate may not It is made chiefly of Scordium or Water-Germander which hath the smell of Leek when bruised Galen in his first Book De Antidotis Chap. 12. writeth that when in a great Battel some slain Bodies chanced to fall upon this Herb they rotted not as far as they were touched by this Herb. The said Fracastorius did compound this his Diascordium out of this Herb Scordium Tormentil Serpentaria Gentian Bole Armeniac and Terra Sigillata and such like Ingredients It is chiefly to be used in the hot Diseases of the Head which I have done many a hundred times Take of it the weight of about two ducats in common Vinegar or in Elder-water or rather in the expressed Juyce of fresh Sorrel and sweat upon it 'T is very good especially in the
either with hands or Bandage and mean while reduce it into its place If the Hip be forced out forward the Groin is swoln and the Buttocks fallen the Leg is neither longer nor shorter nor cannot be bent but with trouble and the Urine is suppressed Though it be not set aright yet the Patient in time will be able to go well enough upon it though sometimes it falls out that he must somewhat trail his Leg after him To restore it let the Patient lie on his sound side and strongly stretch out his Leg press it into its former place and in case the hand be too weak thrust it in with your Knee If it be dislocated backward the Patient can neither stretch out nor bend his Leg nor is he able to bring his Heel to the ground and if he should force himself to do so he would fall backward the Leg is shorter there is a hollowless in the Groins and if the Buttocks be pressed upwards you shall find an unusual swelling Though it be not put in yet the pain will in time vanish and then the Leg may be bent again but it remains shorter and straight nor is the Foot turned inward nor outward Lay the Patient on his Belly and strongly extend his Leg mean time apprehend the Thigh bone above the Knee stretch it outward from off the sound Leg press the Head into its Cavity in which yet it will not stay if thenceforth the Patient do not keep himself very quiet 10. The Dislocations of the Tibia and Fibula are cured after the same manner as those of the Cubitus and Radius 11. If the Knee pan be out of its place let the Patient stand upright and press it in again lay on the side whence it hath been forced away a hollow Splint answerable to the shape of the said Pan and below in the cavity of the Leg put one or more compressing Splints binding the whole Leg so stiff that the Knee may not bend CHAP. VII Of Ruptures HAving thus roughly handled the boney and hard parts of the Body it now follows that I treat the soft and fleshie more gently and describe their Synthesis or re-unition again Therefore I begin with the broken Peritonaeum which sometimes gives way to the Intestines at other times to the Cawl and not seldom to both to get out of their natural place into the Groins or Scrotum there causing a Rupture called Entorocele or Hernia Intestinalis if the Guts come out an Epiplocele or Hernia Omentalis if the Omentum or Cawl be out The Peritonaeum is made up of two strong but soft Membranes which do so contain whatsoever is included in the Belly or lowest Cavity that when sound nothing can fall out In Women the Os Pubis is its utmost Limit In Men its outermost Membrane reaches farther and constitutes the first proper Coat of the Testicles In the Groins it comprehends the Seminal Vessels as in a Sheath called Processus or Productio Peritonaei This being stretch'd or enlarged or coming to burst is the proximate cause to the lately mentioned Ruptures The Groins therefore are the usual places of Ruptures But do not imagine that the Peritonoeum cannot be distended or burst in other places and there to cause a Rupture It happens sometimes above the Navel yet seldom Beneath and on the side of the Navel far above the Groins I have not only seen it often with many others but seen it ordered and dressed just like an Abscess the Chirurgeon giving no other reason for his mistake than that it was not the place of Ruptures which those that love the Art and their own Honour may take notice of Most times the Ileon falls down yet sometimes the other Guts come out with it and fall into the Scrotum which cannot come to pass by a simple distention of the abovesaid process but that necessarily in all such great Ruptures it must be broken The Causes which make the Peritonaeum to burst or to dilate are Falling Leaping Blows bearing of heavy Burdens strong Vomiting or Coughing difficult going to Stool Winds retained and all vehement Motions of the Body Signs The Tumor is sometimes bigger sometimes lesser sometimes altogether vanisht but with the least Motion returning Though the Caul or Intestines should be fallen down never so much they may easily without any pain be thrust in again unless Wind or Excrement hinder it in which case the Rupture is very painful If the Intestines be full of Wind the whole belly is tense you may hear a noise and the Patient breaks Wind upwards and downwards If the Excrements be grown hard the Patient goes with difficulty to Stool and the swelling weight and hardness little by little encreaseth If the Peritonaeum be only relaxed and widened then the Tumor from little becomes bigger by degrees but if it be broken it suddenly descends Prognosticks In little Children Ruptures are easily cured in aged people slowly or not at all especially if the Peritonaeum be burst If the Intestines be filled with Wind or Excrements there follows pain and if that be not suddenly removed an Inflamation Gangrene and at last Death it self Cure Lay the Patient on his Back with his Legs on high and a little asunder by which it often comes to pass that the Caul or the Intestines return of themselves into their former place but that not happening press them in gently with your fingers And if you cannot effect this by reason of Wind or hardened Excrements then use the following Medicines Where the Excrements are indurated Take Roots of Marsh-mallows two ounces of white Lillies one ounce Leaves of Mallows Violets Pellitory of the Wall of each half a handful Flowers of Camomile and Melilot of each two pugils Bran half a handful Boil them in Water and to the Liquor Add of Barly and Bean-meal of each three ounces Lin-seed and Fenugreek of each two drams Oyl of Roses and white Lillies Ducks-Fat and Hens Fat of each an ounce Make it into Cataplasm In case this Cataplasm be not sufficient or seems not to be so then bathe the Patient two or three hours in Oyl sweet Milk or Water wherein Emollients have been boyled not forgetting in the mean time Clysters and Purges Against Wind. Take Oyl of Camomile Rue of each one ounce Oyl of Nard and Dill of each three drams Spirit of Wine two drams a little Wax Make it into an Oyntment Another Take Oyl of Wormwood one ounce Oyl of Nard and Nutmeg exprest of each half an ounce Oyl of Mace and Carraways distilled of each one dram Malmsey an ounce and half Boil it a little then add to it as much Wax as is sufficient to make it into an Ointment Inwardly use the seeds of Anise Fenel Carraways and others Medicines dispelling Wind which also are to be mixt in the peculiar Clysters requisite to this purpose Also the Cumin Plaister used by some may here do good service Or Take the Styptick Plaister of Crollius Gum-Caranna
Simple and Compound Basilicon the Plaisters of Diachylon of Mussilages and Melilot Take Onions roasted in Embers three ounces Figs No. x. beat them together adding of Ointment of Basilicon six drams Ducks-Grease an ounce Virgins-Honey and the Meal of Linseed of each as much as is sufficient to make it into a Cataplasm Or Take the Roots of White-Lillies Marsh-Mallows of each an ounce ane half Leaves of Mallows Cows-Parsnips of each an handful Figs No. viij Raisins six drams Meal of Marsh-Mallow-Roots or of Wheat two ounces Venice-Sope three drams being boil'd and strain'd add to them of Hogs-grease on ounce Oyl of Camomil two ounces Mix them according to Art and make a Cataplasm 4. Indication respects the Symptoms which if not removed hinder the Cure the chief of which are 1. A Fever The chief of which concerns a Physician except it be removed by Bleeding 2. Hardness whose Cure look for in the Chapter of Schirrhus 3. A Gangrene Which is treated of in a particular Chapter 4. Pain Which we do remove by the following Medicines Anodines Marsh-Mallows Dill Mallows Camomil Henbane Tobacco Lin-seed Seed of Poppy Fenugreek Sperma Ceti Cream White of Eggs Oil of White-Lillies Linseed Ointment of Populeon fat of Hogs Hens and Mans Opium The great Vertues of the following Poultice I have not seldom experimented Take Flowers of Dill Camomil of each a handful Elder a handful and half Linseed-Meal four ounces Oil of Dill White-Lillies of each half an ounce Boil them in Milk to the consistence of a Poultice CHAP. III. Erysipelas ERysipelas is a Tumor besides Nature from Choler thrown forth for the most part only into the Skin it self sometimes on the subjacent Muscles causing Pain Heat and other Symptoms Difference 'T is perfect when sprung from Choler alone as it is imperfect when Blood Phlegm or Melancholy is mixt with it from whose Appellation it likewise takes its name and is called Erysipelas Phlegmonodes Oedematodes Scirrhodes sometimes an Ulcer is joined with it which sometimes consumes only the Skin other times the Flesh it self Cause is Choler seldom alone sometimes mixt with Phlegm and Melancholy but oftentimes with Blood or Serum whence those Medicines that are proper for a Phlegmon oftentimes do good in an Erysipelas Signs Great heat sharp pain Redness mixt with Yellowness easily giving way to the touch but as suddenly returning the Swelling and Extention of the part little and the Pulsation lesser which last gave occasion to Authors of questioning whether an Erysipelas ought to be reckoned amongst Tumors It is accompanied always with a Fever except from an External Cause Prognosticks An Erysipelas is seldom dangerous except the Matter be repell'd from the External parts to the Internal yet more dangerous when it seizeth on the Noble Parts and Jaws and when a Wound Fracture Dislocation or Putrefaction are join'd with it Cure What concerns Diet here is first and chiefly to be considered Air Meat and Drink must be cooling all sharp hot fat and sweet things hurt as likewise do too great Motion of the Body Watchings Costiveness Venery and Anger Purging is very necessary therefore those Medicines described in the third Chapter of the first Part are here convenient A perfect Erysipelas admits not of Bleeding for the fatness of the Blood bridles the sharpness of the Choler But if the Fever be vehement the Flux great and any Blood which for the most part happens be mingled with the Choler 't is convenient to bleed especially in Plethorick Bodies In delicate and weak Bodies Cupping-Glasses with Scarification or Leeches if things should require will serve These being thus done to provoke Sweat is the best of all other Remedies Outwardly to the affected part ought not to be applied 1. Oyl or any fat thing as those things which yield matter to the Choler easily increase Putrefaction But if yet it is your pleasure to use them they must be tempered by mixing them with other Medicines 2. Repellents except the Erysipelas be very little the Part affected remote from the Noble Part and the Humors be yet flowing and then they ought not to be used without Resolvents mixt with them The Cataplasms described in the foregoing Chapter may for the most part be applied here with success The Plaister of Diapalma dissolved in Vinegar is in dayly use the leaves of Tobacco Colewort and Henbane applied to the part affected strongly draw forth the heat There are those which use Sheeps dung boiled in Wine-Vinegar as also the Flowers of Camomil Mellilot and Elders boyl'd in new Milk Chalk powdred put upon the Part laying Cap-paper over it quickly and safely Cures The following Fomentations I have experienced to be of great Virtue Take Red Myrrhe powdred two drams Saccarum Saturni one dram Camphire a Scruple Opium 25 grains White-Wine six ounces Let Linnen Clothes be dipt in it and applyed warm to the Part often renewing them when dryed or cold Another Take the white Troches of Rhasis one dram Camphire one Scruple Spirit of Wine an ounce elder-Elder-water six ounces Mingle and apply it as before Fumes of Mastick and Frankincense may likewise be used five or six times a day especially if the Erysipelas be in the Face When an Ulcer accompanies it Take the white Troches of Rhasis two drams Red Mirrhe Litharge of Gold of each a dram Flower of Brimstone half a dram Sarcocol two Scruples whites of Eggs as much as is sufficient to make it into a Linament CHAP. IV. Of Oedema OEdema is a Tumor beside Nature arising from Pituitous Matter white soft without pain oftner caused by Congestion than by Fluxion Difference It is perfect when it proceeds only from Phlegm Imperfect when mixt with other Humors Thus Oedema Phegmonodes Erysipelatodes Schirrhodes Cause is Phlegm sometimes alone sometimes confused with other Humors for the most part it is produced from the ill disposition of the Limphaeducts Signs are Whiteness Softness yielding to the Fingers little Pain and less Pulsation Prognosticks If an Oedema degenerate into a Scirrhus or Abscess it is hard of Cure It is dangerous if a Consumption or Dropsie accompany it it oftner happens in old People Phlegmatick bodies in the Winter time and in all those who with immoderate eating and drinking continually debilitate the natural heat Cure This as the precedent Tumors requires a good Diet Meat and Drink as also the Air must be moderately hot and dry Rosted Meat is better than Boiled Fruit Cheese and Fish hurt as also too great a quantity of Meat and Drink Wine either of it self or altered with hot Herbs is good moderate Exercises of the body before Meals is as profitable as much Sleep especially diurnal is prejudicial Costiveness Rest and Sadness are Noxious Bleeding is altogether here unprofitable and very seldom used but Sweating and Purging very necessary sometimes Vomiting Always regard must be had to the Stomach To the Tumor it self In the beginning we apply Repelling Medicines mixt with Discussives but so that the
and Species of Diacarthamum Cream of Tartar Take Syrup of Roses solutive with Senna Diacarthamum of each an ounce Jalap eight grains Cream of Tartar two scruples parsley-Parsley-water as much as is sufficient to make it into a Potion A Purging Wine which cures the Dropsie it self Take Roots of Orrise Gentian Succhory Fennel Masterwort of each an Ounce the middle Bark of Elder an Ounce and half Leaves of Ground-pine a handful Rosemary two Pugils Flowers of Centaury the less one Pugil Seeds of Smallage Coriander Carraway Roman-Nettle Fennel of each a Dram Senna two ounces Agarick three Drams Jalap half an ounce Turbith a Dram and half Let them be cut and infused in six Pints of Rhenish-wine Dose four ounces Medicines consuming Water outwardly used Roots of Orrise Bryony Birthwort Flowers of Elder Camomil leaves of Celandine Centaury Calamint Rue Dill wild Majoram Sulphur vivum Salt Allum Bay-berries Ammoniacum Bdellium Take Cows-dung half an ounce Pidgeons dung two drams Sulphur vivum half an ounce Nitre two drams Honey Vinegar of each an ounce and half Bean meal two ounces Bay-berries Cummin-seeds of each half an ounce Oyl of Dill Nard of each an ounce White-wine as much as is sufficient to make it into a Poultice Or Take Frankincense Mastick Myrrhe of each half an ounce Camphire half a Dram Goats-dung an ounce and half Brimstone Salt Cummin-seeds of each three drams Turpentine and Wax as much as sufficeth According to Art make it into a Plaister Hydrocephalus is always of difficult Cure Water contained in the Ventricles of the Brain or between the Brain and Meninges is very dangerous but less dangerous when collected between the Dura and Pia Mater or between the Dura Mater and the Skull For the Dura Mater may be divided into a Lancet if you can come at it but least danger of all when detained without the Skull Purging Sudorificks and Diureticks seldom do any good here but Cauteries Blisters Issues Setons are more profitable but sometimes we are forc'd to come to Incision or Ustion which Remedies although dangerous have cured several Some Chyrurgeons use with an actual Cautery to burn the Skin of the Head in five six or more places but not together and at once but at several times lest the Patients strength should be too much spent continually choosing that place which the watry Humor makes to appear most convenient Some with a Lancet open the Skin near to the Sagital Suture Which of these Remedies are best cannot absolutely be declared I must esteem an Actual Cautery when the Water is between the Skin and the Skull but if under the Skull between the Meninges I do not see how this operation can be performed without a Lancet But which of them soever you chuse have a care of discharging all the Water at once for in the very Operation it self the Patient dies or at least is very much debilitated for till the end of the Cure all the Water is not to be taken away lest the debilitated Parts be deprived of that heat which the Water possest do corrupt but rather what remains must be consumed by Internal and External Discussives and this is to be observed in all Watry Tumors that are Cured by a Paracenthesis In the same manner the Watry Tumor in the Navel and Cod ought to be handled after other Medicines have been applied in vain Dropsie of the Breast belongs not to Chirurgery except where a Paracenthesis is convenient concerning which Read the 15 th Chapter of the first Part. CHAP. VII Of the Flatuous or Windy Tumor THe Flatuous Tumor is a Disease produced of Wind not yielding without resistance to the Fingers Difference Some are without pain others with it in the one the wind is in motion in the other quiet Causes of Wind are Phlegm especially when mingled with Choler which as Ferment doth froth so it proceedeth wind it always happens upon a debility of the Parts by reason of which although endeavoring to concoct the Humors yet are notable Signs are Inflation with a resistance yielding to the Fingers a rumbling noise especially if shaken Prognosticks It seldom comes is fleshy parts in other parts it brings many inconveniencies in weak and Cacochymick bodies it 's of difficult and tedious Cure Cure The same Diet in here to be observed as in an Oedema Pease Beans Turnips Chestnuts and all Crude Fruit do extreamly hurt On the contrary Wine and other things moderately warming profit as also Spices and those things which disperse Wind as Nutmegs Mace Anise Carraways Lovage The Stomach and the whole Body require purging and corroborating Medicines always mixing with them those that disperse Wind and sometimes also where Corroboratives are used Anodines Laudanum Opiatum cautiously used that is half a grain or a grain for a Dose is here excellent For besides that it ceaseth pain it also by its Diaphoretick quality removes the Cause of the Disease To cause Sweat is as necessary as Bleeding is unnecessary Outward Medicines discussing Wind. Roots of Galangale Lovage Herbs Dill Mint Marjoram Peniroyal Rosemary Rue Chervil Flowers of Elder Mellilot Camomil Seeds Anise Carraways Cummin Fennel Nutmegs Cardamum Castor Oyl of Rue Nard Spike Dill Carraway distill'd Mace Nucista exprest and distill'd Mellilot-plaister Take Oyl of Wormwood Rue of each two Drams Oyl of Nucistae exprest one Dram of Mace distilled half a Dram Castor dissolved in Aqua vitae two Scruples Make it into a Linament Or Take the Leaves of Rue Calamint of each half an handful Bean-meal two Ounces Seeds of Cummin and Anise of each half an Ounce Bay-berries Salt of each three Drams Nitre Brimstone of each a Dram Goats dung six Ounces White-wine as much as is sufficient Mix them and boyl them into the Consistence of a Cataplasm Or Take the Roots of Pelitory of Spain half a Dram Venice-Sope three Drams Castor dissolved in Aqua vitae one dram Seeds of Cummin Carraways of each two drams Ashes of Earth-worms half a dram Oil of Spike half an ounce Mastick three drams Wax and Turpentine as much as sufficeth Make it into a Plaister according to Art CHAP. VIII De Herpete HErpes is a Tumor besides Nature sprung from yellow Choler disfiguring the Skin with corroding and spreading Pustules Difference Where Choler solely predominates it produceth Herpes exedens but where Phlegm is mixt with Choler a Herpes Miliaris Cause is sometimes Choler alone sometimes mixt with Phlegm and I see not why the serum of the Blood may not often be here taken as a Cause For the Lymphaeducts being out of order do produce Mutations in mans body heretofore unknown Signs Are little Pustules like to Millet-seed a heat itching and after rubbing a moistness and little Ulcers Prognosticks Herpes is of difficult Cure but of little danger unless so rendred by the immoderate use of Repellents Cure The same Diet is here required as in an Erysipelas Moreover Purging is here very necessary Bleeding not to be allowed of the use
that the heat by degrees may be again restored to the part and to that purpose strongly rubbing it with Snow or cold Water giving also to the Patient Treacle or Mithridate in warm Wine If the pain and cold remit let the part be embrocated very warm with Oyl of Dill Camomil bitter Almonds or Earth-worms c. A Decoction of congeal'd Turnips is good to foment withal then are required both stronger and hotter Medicines viz. Oyl of Earth of Tiles Turpentine Castor Treacle-water Mithridate Or use the following Fomentation Take Herbs of Scordium a handful and half Swallow-wort a handful Rue half a handful Seeds of Roman Nettle Cresses of each three Drams boyl them in White-wine let them be strained and to a Pint of the Liquor add Spirit of Wine two ounces Mingle it When the part hath begun to Mortifie Scarifie continue the use of the above prescribed Medicines Cure of a Gangrene from external Heat or hindred by Perspiration Let the cause of the Disease be removed if possible which if it happens from external Ligature Hot or two Astringent Medicines let them be forthwith removed from the part affected and let it be washed being first Scarified with the following Decoction Take the Water of Endive Night-shade of each six Ounces of sorrel-Sorrel-water eight Ounces Vinegar half a pint Salt an Ounce and half Scordium a handful Lupines half an Ounce Mix them and boyl them to the Consumption of the third part Then let the Chirurgeon use Ung. Aegyptiacum or any other of the above prescribed Medicines Cure of a Gangrene from the Defect of Nutriment Let the Patient use nourishing Aliments all strong External or Internal Dryers hurt Friction of the part with moderately hot Medicines as with Oyl of Sweet Almonds Olives Earth-worms Scorpions Vipers Man's Fat Bears or Hens is good Scarifie if necessity require Discussives here are very injurious Cure of a Gangrene from a venemous Humor If the malignant Humor be in the Body it self Sudorifick cooling and Cordial Medicines are best For Purging and Bleeding I have seen them oftner to do hurt than good Outwardly Defensives are useless but Cupping-glasses Leeches and attractive Medicines are necessary But if the Malignant Humor come from an external Cause the surest remedy is an actual Cautery lest the Malignity spread it self which is to be used the very first time and also to put a further stop apply a Defensive to the sound part two fingers breadth distance from the wounded part so also it will put a stop to the Flux of Humors or else all the hope consists in Leeches Cupping-glasses Attractive Medicines and others set down above Cure of a Gangrene sprung from the Scurvy Internal Remedies we commit to the Physitian Externally these are commended Take Seeds of Broom Roman-Nettle Rue of each a Dram Tops of Wormwood two Drams Gum Galbanum Ammoniacum dissolv'd in Vinegar of each six drams Oyl of Juniper three drams Wax as much as is sufficient to make it into a Plaister Or Take Oyl of Earth-worms Bayes Rue of each two Drams Castor a Dram Spirit of Wine three Drams Make it into a Linament Or Take the Raspings of Guaiacum Sassafras of each an ounce Root of Angelica Celandines the greater Tamarisk-bark of each six Drams Leaves of Scurvy-grass Water-cresses of each a handful Fennel-seeds an ounce Spirit of Wine a pint and half Infuse them a Night then distil them in Balneo Mariae Foment the part affected with this and scarifie if there be occasion and let the Chirurgeon proceed according to Art Where a Gangrene hath degenerated into a Sphacelus especially in the Joynts let the Part be amputated concerning which look in the First Part. CHAP. XV. Of a Paronychia PAnaritium or Paronychia is a Tumor very painful in the end of the Finger from a sharp Malignant Humor corroding the Tendons Nerves Periostium and Bone it self Cause is a sharp humor proceeding from Choler or Serum Signs are an intollerable pain about the Nail tormenting the Patient day and night an Inflammation oftentimes extending over the whole Arm A Fever for the most part and sometimes Delirium Prognostick By how much the Humor is the more malignant the greater Symptoms it raiseth corrupting sometimes the Bone the Finger the whole Hand and sometimes from extream pain it occasions the death of the Patient Cure Foment the Finger a while in this Decoction Take Flowers of Camomile Mellilot Elder of each half a handful Linseed and Fenugreek each two drams Boil them in Milk Or let this Cataplasm be applied Take Flowers of Dill Elder Leaves of Hen-Bane of each a handful Poppy-seeds and Linseed of each three drams Marsh-mallow-powder an ounce and half Boil them in Milk to the consistence of a Cataplasm Then make Incision upon the Part affected according to the length of the Finger and for the most part there appears one or more red spots containing a sharp Matter but little in quantity which is the cause of the Disease After the Apertion of the Tumor at the first dressing apply to the Finger Treacle dissolv'd in Spirit of Wine and a Defensive to the whole Hand so in a day or two the Cure will be perfected But if this Part should be gangren'd or Sphacelated either by the neglect of Patient or Chirurgeon let it be taken off Except you will commit the business to Nature which oftentimes separates and throws out this Bone A great Inflammation sometimes here produceth a Fleshy Excrescency occult and sensless this is removed by Knife or exeding Medicines Then cure according to Art But if being too late call'd you find a great collection of Humors let Discussives or Suppuratives be applied then the Tumor being either broke or opened take great care lest the Tendons which do very easily putrifie or incline to putrefaction Separation is here necessary whether it be by Medicines or a cutting Instrument Repellents in this case greatly hurtful CHAP. XVI Of an Aneurism ANeurisma is a Tumor besides Nature from a Rupture of an Artery continually beating easily yielding to the Fingers and as suddenly returning Cause All Arteries except those that are dispersed through the Brain and upper parts consist of a double Tunicle the inmost of which being either corroded or broke the External may be extended so much without a Rupture of it whatsoever others say as to cause an Aneurism Nevertheless where the Tumor is of the bigness of ones Fist it cannot be but that the External also must be either corroded or broke Anatomy doth confirm this Opinion which the Studious in the Art of Chirurgery may enquire into This Tumor also may be caused where an Artery be divided so that the External Tunicle united to the Muscles the Internal by reason of the continual pulsation remains open Signs A Swelling increasing by degrees of the same colour as the skin a continual Pulsation If the Tumor be little it easily yields to the Fingers so that it altogether disappears but suddenly returns
again but if great not so easily yielding to the touch not so strong a Pulsation but there is a noise observed as of boiling Water yet in the Head and Jaw I have found after death an Aneurism which while the man was alive there could be no Pulse perceived In the hard parts is greater Circumspection to be used than in the soft and fleshy Prognosticks It is difficultly cured if great not at all except with the taking off the Member for the most part it is a long Disease although I have seen it kill without any other accidental Cause within two years If Incision be made Death suddenly follows Cure In the beginning there may be some Hopes Astringents and Repellents and convenient Ligatures by which we do not seldom administer something of Remedy to the Patient as also the applying a piece of Lead straightly bound on have sometimes cured little Aneurisms But where the Tumor is encreased there are some would have the Skin divided and the Artery tied both above and below and cut out the middle with the Tumor and loosen not the Ligatures till the Wound is perfectly cured and there is no fear of an Hemorrage but this Operation is dangerous painful and troublesome and oft-times of little Benefit But to preserve Life I would take off the Member CHAP. XVII Of Opthalmia OPthalmia is an Inflammation of the Membranes of the Eye from Blood with Redness Pain and shedding of Tears Difference A light Inflammation and which depends from external Causes is called a Bastard Opthalmia Taraxis or Epiphora but a great Inflammation accompanied with pain and tears a true Opthalmia And if it be so great that the Eye-lids are so inflamed and as it were turned inward 't is called Chemosis Causes are two 1. Internal as Blood oft-times mixt with Serum or Choler seldom with Phlegm or Melancholy 2. External as Smoak Dust c. Signs vary according to the variety of Causes If it proceed from too great a quantity of Blood the Face looks red and the Vessels of the Eyes are extended If either from more of Serum or Choler the Redness of the Face is less but the Tears are more sharp and the pain greater if from more of Phlegm the reddish pain Heat and Acrimony of Tears are more remiss and the Eye-lids at night are as it were glewed together If from any thing of Melancholy there are but few Tears and the Eye-lids are not closed together the Inflammation is not great but stubborn Prognosticks An Opthalmia is flower cured in Children than in old people Continual pain menaceth Blindness by how much greater the Inflammation is so much the more dangerous it is Cure The Diet must be the same as in a Phlegmon all sharp things are carefully to be avoided as Garlick Radishes Mustard c. little or no Suppers profit Purging the use of Glisters Bleeding ought to be oft-times re-iterated as also Cupping-Glasses Leeches Blisters sometimes also Seatons Issues and Artereotomy it self which is not to be done by any but an expert Chirurgeon Sneezing is hurtful Provoking of Sweat is sometimes necessary sometimes not which the Physician must distinguish Dieureticks are of great use provided they are not too hot External Remedies vary according to the variety of Causes if from Smoke or Fire let them be extinguished If from Dust or any thing got into the Eyes 't is to be taken forth which is often performed by blowing or by the spurting in of Rose-water If from the inversion of the Eye-lids the Hairs are to be cut off or wholly to be pull'd out If the Eye-lids are glew'd together they are to be separated with Butter Beer or Cream the Rheum is gently to be wiped and let the Patient have a Care lest by the rubbing of his Eyes he increaseth his Disease Fat things are here hurtful Repellent Medicines except in the very beginning are not to be used or in a very slight Opthalmia Medicines good for the Eyes Roots of Valerian Solomons-Seal Orrise Vervain Herbs Betony Celandine the great Eyebright Fennel Fumitory Plantain Flowers of Roses Violets Anni-seeds Quince-seeds Linseeds Pippins boil'd or rotten Camphire Mussilage of Lin-seeds Tragacanth Fresh Veal Whites of Eggs all sorts of Milk especially Womans Tutty white and green Vitriol Saccharum Saturni Glass of Antimony White Troches of Rhasis fresh Cheese not salted Ung. Saturni A Water for the Eyes Take Waters of Eyebright and Celandine the greater of each an ounce and half White-wine six drams Glass of Antimony eight grains prepared Tutty fifteen grains White-Vitriol two grains Sugar-Candy two drams Camphire four grains Make it into a Collirium Another excellent one Take Wheat three handfuls Bruised Ginger three drams Common Salt a handful and half White-wine Water of Roses of Fennel Plantain of each ten ounces Infuse them in a Copper Vessel the space of forty days strain them and reserve the Liquor for your use Another very much esteemed Take a whole Egg boil it hard then the shell and Yolk being taking away put into the Cavity Sugar of Saturn six grains Camphire two grains White-Vitriol three Grains Honey of Roses half an ounce then press it very hard and let the prest out Liquor be dropt into the Eyes twice or thrice a day Another second to none Take Waters of Fennel and Eyebright of each a pint Common Salt six drams prepared Tutty white Vitriol of each half an ounce Let them boil a little and reserve for use Let not the great quantity of Vitriol afright any it causeth only a slight pain which suddenly vanisheth but 't is of so great virtue that it cannot sufficiently be extoll'd but its use will prove it true A Powder for the Eyes Take Dulcified Vitriol half a dram prepar'd Tutty fifteen grains Sugar-candy a scruple Make it into a fine Powder Unctious Medicines seldom are applied to the Eyes or else this Ointment is much commended Take Verdigrease twelve grains Camphire Lapis Calaminaris of each half an ounce prepared Tutty half a dram fresh-Butter washed in rose-Rose-water two ounces Make it into an Ointment An Anodine Cataplasm Take Camomile and Melilot Flowers of each a pugil rotten Apples two ounces Fenugreek-seed an ounce Crums of Brown Bread three ounces two yolks of Eggs Saffron half a dram Boil them in Cows-milk to the consistence of a Poultice An Anodine Collirium Take the Juice of Housleek two drams Whites of Eggs half an ounce Womens-Milk two ounces rose-Rose-water an ounce white Troches of Rhasis one scruple Opium three grains Mix them Another which I have often found excellent in the greatest pain Take Gum Tragacanth two drams Mussilage of the seeds of Fleawort three drams rose-Rose-water and Plantain-water of each as much as sufficeth Make it into a Collyrium of an indifferent Consistence and let it be instilled by drops into the Eyes and Linnen-Cloaths wet in it outwardly applied CHAP. XVIII Of a Quinsie A Quinsie is a Tumor of the Jaws from Blood hindring Deglutition and
Respiration Difference 'T is divided into three species the first is called Cynanthe when the Muscles of the Larinx are inflamed the Symptoms here are very dangerous although neither internally nor externally appear any Tumor the Patient puts forth his Tongue like a tired Dog to fetch his breath Second is Synanche when the Tumor shews it self within the Jaws the Symptoms are likewise here great but much less than in Cynanthe Third is Parasynanche when the Tumor appears more Externally than Internally and in this the Symptomes are least of all Cause is Blood for the most part mixt with Serum or Choler seldom with Phlegm or Melancholy Signs of an approaching Quinsie are a stiffness of the Neck swallowing and breathing somewhat hindred an unusual heat and pain in the Jaws especially when Quinsies are Epidemick Signs of a present are a suffocating Asthma swallowing hindred which often increaseth to so great a heighth that Drink taken in at the Mouth comes forth again through the Nostrils Pain Redness Tumor for the most part also a continual Fever the Tongue likewise swell'd and the Voice altered Prognostick A perfect Quinsie never wants danger but sometimes suffocates the Patient the first day generally before the fourth If the Matter be not suddenly concocted and thrown forth it is desperate if the Vertebraes be laxated death is near at hand foaming at mouth is a sign of present death if the Patient be taken with a pain of the Head a Delirium raving and death it self suddenly follows Cure Bleeding in this case effects much both by taking away of the Inflammation and by hindering its increase which is to be performed at first sight therefore let the Median or Cephalick Vein of the side most affected be opened though in Women with Child then the Vein under the Tongue Cupping Glasses with Scarification may also be applied to the Neck about the second Verrebra Shoulders and Breast Leeches Cauteries and Blisters do much good especially in them that are Subject to Quinsie In the mean time if the Patient can swallow let some purging Medicines be given him if not let a Clister be cast in with Bleeding which must be often reiterated as occasion requires Gargarisms then and other External Medicines are to be used which in the beginning are to be more Repelling afterwards more Discussing for Experience and best Authors have taught 1. Repellents never are to be used alone except in the beginning and in a light Quinsie 2. That Repellents ought always to be mixt with Resolvents for Repellents destroy the heat of the Part Resolvents cause Fluxion Medicines in a Quinsie Roots of Marsh-mallows Liquoras Herbs Comfrey Myrtle Prunella Dandelion Scabious Plantain Housleek the greater Sage Alehoof Violets Flowers of Balaustians Red Roses Saffron the four cold Seeds Poppy the Rinds and Juice of Pomegranates Figs Album Graecum Burnt-Swallows Burnt-Allom Swallows Nests Syrups of Maidenhair Violets Purslane Jujubies Scabious Lungwort Honey of Roses Rob. Diamori A Repellent Gargarism Take Flowers of Red-Roses Balaustians of each two pugils Pomegranate-Rinds half an ounce Oak-leaves a handful Burnt-Allom half a dram Boil them in Smith's Water and add to a pint of the Liquor two ounces of Rob. Diamori Mix them Another very convenient in the beginning of the Disease Take leaves of Dandelion two handfuls Alehoof Violets of each half an handful boil them in Barley-water and to a point of the strained Liquor add of common Honey of Roses and strained of each an ounce and half Spirit of Vitriol 15 drops Mix them A Repellent and somewhat Discussive Gargarism Take Liquoras Pomegranate-Rinds of each two drams Balaustia Flowers a pugil Jujubies No. xij Figs No. iij. Raisins six drams boil them in Barley-water To a pint of the Decoction add of common and strained Honey of Roses Syrup of Maiden-hair of each an ounce Mix them A Gargarism greatly Repelling but strongly Discussing Take the Roots of Dwarf Elder Orrise of each two drams Flowers of Camomil a pugil Red-Roses Hysop of each two pugils Dates No. iij. Figs No. vj. Fenugreek-seeds two drams Album Graecum one dram Boil them in Turnep-Broth Add to it Syrup of Maiden-hair and Jujubies of each an ounce Mix them If the pain be very great boil them in new Milk chiefly in Goats External Medecines for a Quinsie Oyl of Nuts White-Lillies Almonds Camomile Dill Capons-grease Hoggs-grease Ointment of Marsh-mallows Plaister of Musilages Dogs and Pigeons-Dung Swallows-Nests Take Roots of Marsh-Mallows White-Lillies of each an ounce one Swallows Nest Figs Dates of each No. iij. Album Graecum half an ounce Boil'd Onions half an ounce Boil them in Barley-water and to a point of the strained Liquor add of Wheat-meal and the Powder of Lin-seed of each an ounce Fenugreek and Marsh-mallows powdered of each two ounces and a half Yolks of two Eggs Eastern Saffron two drams Oyl of Camomile two ounces and a half Make it into a Cataplasm Take Juice of Onions two ounces Oyl of white-Lillies Orise of each an ounce and half boil them a little adding to them of Swallows-Nest a dram Pitch and Wax as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister But if the Tumor tends to Suppuration 't is to be forwarded and then to be opened either by Medicines or Launcet A Suppurating Cataplasm Take Roots of Briony white-Lillies Orrise of each three drams Leaves of Pellitory of the Wall a handful Camomile-Flowers half a handful Onions an ounce Figs No. xij Boil them and bruise them adding of the Powder of Fenugreek-seed and Lin-seed of each two ounces Hens grease an ounce Oyl of Camomile two ounces Mix them A Suppurating Gargarism Take Roots of white-Lillies and Liquoras of each three drams Onions half an ounce Raisins stoned an ounce Figs No. vj. Lin-seed and Fenugreek of each two drams Leaves of Mallows and Coleworts of each half a handful boil them in Barley-water and to a pint of the strained Liquor add of Syrup of Maiden-hair two ounces Mix them And to make the Abscess break add to this Gargarism Take Mustard-seed two drams Roots of Pollitory of Spain powdered one dram Saffron a scruple Oximel simple an ounce Mix them But if it doth not forthwith break by these Medicines 't is to be opened by a Launcet or some other Instrument afterwards using Emollient Gargarismes and somewhat abstersive The end of the first Book of the second Part. BARBETTY'S CHIRURGERY The Second Book of the Second Part Of CHIRURGERY Of Wounds CHAP. I. Of the Nature Differences Causes and Signs of Wounds A Wound is a Solution of continuity in the soft parts of the Body from a hard Instrument causing an Abolition or Immination of Action Differences are taken 1. From the Form some are long others oblique some are little others great some are deep others superficial 2. From the wounded Part as the Head Lungs Heart Stomach Liver Spleen Guts Nerve Tendon Vein or Muscle sometimes the Skin is only penetrated then 't is a simple Wound sometimes a Part
pint and half Dissolve the Gums in Vinegar and let the rest be powdered mingle them according to Art and boil them into the form of a Plaister Epulotick or drying Medicines Roots of Comfry Tormentil Herbs St. Johns-wort Plantain Sanicle Fluellin Betony Flowers of Balaustians Red Roses Saunders Aloes Myrrhe Mastick Sarcocols Lapis Calaminaris Red Lead Lead Litharge Tutty Ointments of Diapompholigos Album Camphoratum Plaisters Gryseum de plumbo Opâ—deldoch de Minio Barbarum Take Oyl of Roses of unripe Olives of each three ounces of Myrtles Ointment of Poplars of each an ounce and half Leaves of Plantain and Night-shade of each an handful let them steep together eight days afterwards add to the strain'd Liquor Wax two ounces mingle them over the fire adding Litharge of Gold three ounces Ceruse an ounce Tutty a dram Burnt Lead three drams Burnt Brass a dram and an half Camphire a dram let them be rubb'd in a Leaden Mortar into the form of an Ointment Take Roots of Tormentil Bistort round Birth-wort burnt Egg-shels Frankincense Dragons-blood of each half an ounce Lapis Calaminaris a dram Litharge two drams Make it into a Powder Take Ung. Pompholigos Diapalmae Grisei of each an ounce Gum Elemny two drams Saccharum Saturni half a dram Wax as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister I never knew any better Medicine if applied in a fitting time to bring to a Cicatrice than an Amalgama of Mercury of which this is the description Take two ounces of Lead melt it then add to it two ounces of Quick silver pour it upon Paper dried and powdered it may be mixt with the Plaister of Lead or Diapompholigos To these External Remedies we join also Internal Medicines which have been observed to profit much at all times in the Cure of Wounds Vulneraries Wintergreen Sanicle Ladies-Mantle Comfry Mugwort Saxifrage Tormentil Agrimony Milfoil Horse-tail Hounds-tongue Betony Periwincle Mouse Ear Golden rod Birthwort Bistort Dictany Centory the less Gentain A Wound Dring Take Roots of Comfrey the greater half an ounce of Wintergreen two handfuls of Sanicle two pugils Straw-berries Ladies-Mantle Sage of each an handful boil them in red Wine and to a pint and half of the strained Liquor add of the whitest Sugar as much as is sufficient Dose three ounces Another very effectual even when the Bone is hurt Take Roots of round Birthwort an ounce and half Sowbread an ounce Self-heal Crane-bill of each an handful Savin three drams Mummy two drams Crabs-eyes half an ounce Galangal two drams powdered and cut boil them in red-Wine and to three pints of the strained Liquor add of the Syrup of Comfry of Fernelius four ounces mingle them Dose two ounces If any desires an Ointment that many boast is able to cure the wound though the Patient be absent this is its best description A Sympathetick Ointment Take Moss two ounces Mummy half an ounce Mans fat two ounces Mans-blood half an ounce Oyl of Linseed two drams Oyl of Roses Bole of each an ounce Mix it and make an Ointment Some use only Vitriol calcin'd in the Sun but whosoever shall use them without Superstition shall find many things attributed to Medicines that are due to Nature therefore 't is safest to proceed in the beaten way CHAP. VIII Of Wounds of the Nerves IN Treating of the Wounds of the Nerves we also comprehend those of the Tendons because there is scarce any difference in the Cure it self 'T is to be distinguished here where the Nerve or Tendon be divided or only prick'd This Wound is known 1. By considering the wounded place and by Anatomy which teacheth in what Members the Nerves are inserted but the Tendons seeing they terminate near the Joynts the Hands and Feet having many if a Wound should be inflicted in these parts who would not fear them to be so hurt especially if it be with a transverse wound 2. From the great Pain which causes Pulsation Inflamation Convulsion and Delirium c. except the Nerves be wholly transversly divided and then the Symptoms are altogether not so grievous Prognosticks All the wounds of the Nerves are dangerous a Puncture more dangerous than an Incision Wounds of Tendons are less dangerous than Nerves Convulsion is an ill sign Nerves and Tendons wounded do easily putrifie Cure In all Wounds of Nerves or Tendons seeing pain greatly molests occasioning many Symptoms care is to be taken that it be alleviated as soon as possible Outward cold things do here hugely injure not only the Air but Medicines themselves For Experience hath taught us that cold moist and astringent Medicines do nought but hurt therefore 't is best to use Medicines moderately hot and drying but void of any sharpness The Wound also is to be kept open till the Cure be absolutely performed that the Matter may flow freely forth which if kept in may increase the pain and cause the putrefaction of the Nerve which if it should happen the corrupt Part is to be cut off or removed by an actual Cautery Moreover it is to be observed whether the Nerve or Tendon lies bare or not if bare warm Medicines are convenient but if covered hotter Medicines are required in the mean time Purging and Bleeding are not to be neglected External Medicines in Wounds of the Nerves and Tendons Old Oyl of Olives of Earth-worms of Dill Rue Rosemary Costmary white-Lillies St. John's wort Castore of Turpentine Wax Lavender Balsom of Peru Gums Elemi Tacamahac Caranna Opobalsamum Capayvae Spirit of Wine Take Venice-Turpentine Tears of the Fir-tree of each an ounce Gum Tacamahac half an ounce of Caranna two drams Balsom of Peru three drams Propoleos six drams Oyl of St. John's wort an ounce Make it into an Ointment Oyl of Wax Lime water and the brown Ointment of Faelix Wurtz are here excellent if rightly used CHAP. IX Of Wounds by Gun-shot ALthough daily practice teaches us that Bullets may be poison'd yet they are not so of their own nature for the pain in part and the other Symptoms arise from the solution of the continuity and the contusion Here first the Bullet and any thing else that accompanies it is to be drawn forth lest pain and inflamation coming upon it may hinder and care is to be had that neither of them increase and the contused Part by the following Medicines be brought to suppuration Take Oyl of white Lillies of Violets of each two pints two Puppies newly whelp'd boil them till their Bones be almost dissolv'd then add Oyl of Earth-worms a pint and boil them again strain them and add of Venice-Turpentine three ounces Spirit of Wine an ounce Make it into a Liniment A Wound-Ointment Take Venice-Turpentine an ounce Galbanum two drams Calfs-marrow half an ounce Powder of Scorzonera and Scordium Roots of each two scruples Oyl of St. John's-wort half an ounce the Yolk of an Egg Threacle a dram Make it into an Ointment Another more effectual Take Roots of Birthwort powdred a scruple and an half Mummy
Amber Mastick of each a dram Turpentine half an ounce Euphorbium a dram Ung. Aegyptiacum half an ounce yolks of one Egg Oyl of Elders as much as is sufficient Saffron a scruple Make it into an Ointment Another more excellent than the former and which likewise resists Putrefaction Take Tar Turpentine Galbanum of each two ounces Mastick Frankincense Nitre Sal Armoniack of each an ounce Allom half a dram Verdigrease white Vitriol Camphire Powder of Worms of each a dram Oyl of Lin seed Roses of each two ounces Oyl of Worms and Turpentine of each a dram Molax them with a gentle Fire and make them into an Ointment If the Nerve hinder not in a great putrefaction there may be added some Precipitated Mercury An Anodine Plaister Take Bean-meal Crums of brown-Bread of each two drams let them be put in Milk adding to them Oyl of Roses Violets of each an ounce Yolks of Eggs No. iij. Powder of Red Roses Scordium of each an ounce and half Wax as much as sufficeth Make it into a Plaister An Anodine Cataplasm Take Roots of Marshmallows Comfrey the greater of each an ounce Flowers of Camomil Melilot St. John's wort of each half a handful Tops of Wormwood two pugils boil them in Milk adding to them of the Meal of Marshmallow-roots and Beans of each an ounce and an half Make it into a Poultice If the Wound be quite through a Tent must be put into both Orifices for a Flamula is inconvenient and hurtful At first dressing it once a day is sufficient for in Wounds made by Gun-shot there seldom appears any Matter before the third or fourth day after this the quantity or acrimony of the Matter will guide you best whether it is to be drest once twice or thrice a day CHAP. X. Of Poysoned Wounds POysoned Wounds are made sometimes by Bullets Arrows Swords and other Instruments sometimes by mad Beasts as Dogs Wolves which hurt more by their venomous quality than by wounding Signs are vehement pain a livid Colour suddenly becoming black Symptoms more grievous than for the quality of the Wound a Heat over the whole Body Trembling Delirium Fainting c. Prognosticks A poysoned Wound though little may bring death especially if near to the Heart or any other Noble Part or the Chirurgeon not call'd soon enough Cure consists chiefly in this that the Venom be drawn forth by Cupping glasses attractive Medicines Scarifications or which is safest by an actual Cautery but then it must not be in a Nervous Part the Escar to be forthwith removed and the Wound to be cured by degrees Inwardly Sudorificks and Cordials profit Bleeding and Purging hurt A Plaister that draws forth the Poyson out of the Wound and corroborates the Part. Take boiled Onions three ounces Treacle half an ounce Goats dung an ounce Angelica-Roots in Powder a dram and half Oyl of Scorpions an ounce and half Honey and Wax as much as is sufficient to make it into a Plaister That corroborates the Part extracts the Venom produceth Matter and incarns the Wound Take Gums Galbanum Sagapenum Opoponax Assa Foetida Mirtle Pepper Brimstone of each six drams Pigeons and Ducks-dung of each an ounce Mummy half an ounce the great Comfrey-Roots powdered three drams Oyl of St. John's-wort as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister CHAP. XI Of particular Wounds IN Wounds of the Head where the Pericranium is hurt a stitch either by Needle or Plaister is not convenient fat things hurt but comforting and drying profit much Take Mastick Myrrhe Aloes Sarcocols of each half a dram Dragons-blood two scruples Bole a scruple Venice-Turpentine two ounces Honey of Roses a little Make it into a Plaister Wounds of the Brain are accompanied with pain of the Meninges and a great Flux of Blood to which succeeds other Symptoms and for the most part Death it self Oyl of Roses applied warm greatly easeth pain and fresh Pigeons-blood effects the same In an Haemorage Take Myrrhe Aloes Mastick Dragons-blood Rhubarb Red Coral prepared Hares hair cut small of each a dram Make it into a very a fine Powder Wounds of the Face are not to be stitcht but always care is to be taken that the Scars may not render it deformed In Wounds of the Eyes you must abstain from all Unctious things The sound Eye is to be bound as well as the whole The Head must be placed upright if there be a Flux of Blood the following things are convenient The Blood of Turtles Pigeons Hens Mucilage of the seeds of Fleawort of Quinces Tragacanth Bloodstone Ceruse Tutty Frankincense Aloes the white of an Egg Water of Roses and Plantain Decoction of Balaustians Red Roses Galls c. Take white Troches of Rasis prepared Tutty Aloes Powdered of each half a scruple Red-wine an ounce Red Rose water and Plantain of each two ounces Mucilage of the seeds of Fleawort Tragacanth of each a dram Make a Collyrium In pain Womans-milk fresh is good or the above described Collyrium adding to it half a scruple of Opium and applying over it this Cataplasm Take of rotten Apples two ounces Flowers of Linseed half an ounce Mucilage Seeds of Flea wort two drams crude Opium half a dram Yolks of Eggs as much as is sufficient to make it into a Cataplasm A part of the Nose quite cut off never unites again although the Wound be but just made but if it adheres still to the Body 't is to be stitched to it with a Needle Wounds of the Ears and Lips find greater benefit from the Needle than from Ligature Wounds of the Lungs require comforting and drying Medicines sharp being here very hurtful though used in other Wounds Externally Take Roots of great Comfrey Tormentil Cloves of each half an ounce Flowers of Red Roses half a handful Mastick Myrrhe Aloes of each a dram boil them in Barley-water and to half a pint of the strained Liquor add Syrup of Mirtles common and strained Honey of Roses of each two ounces Make it into a Liniment Internally Take Leaves of Fluellin Strawberries Sanicle of each half a handful Lung-wort a handful Roots of Angelica two drams Liquoras a dram Jujubies No. xv Raisons half an ounce boil them in Barley-water and add to a pint and half of the strained Liquor Syrup of Diacodion three ounces Mix them let them take four ounces of it three or four times a day Half a dram of Sperma Ceti taken every day is excellent but it weakens the Brain Wounds of the Heart are always mortal and those that penetrate into the left Ventricle kill suddenly they seldom live so wounded above six twelve or twenty hours although there are examples produced for it If wounded into the right Ventricle it permits the Patient to live longer but that which terminates in the substance of the Heart grants yet longer time Wounds of the Stomach for the most part are left to be cured by Nature which here doth miracles yet in a Flux of Blood Bleeding is requisite In
between them If a tender part be burnt you must abstain from the use of Onions Sope Salt and such like sharp Medicines That ugly Cicatrices may not be left you must forbear the use of strong drying Medicines CHAP. VII Of particular Vlcers IN an Ulcer of the Head neither Unctious or Repellent Medicines are convenient If the ill quality of the Humor requires the use of Mercury great care is to be had that it be well prepared for Crude is very dangerous which ought not to be applied where the Ulcers are about the Sutures seeing a Salivation may be easily raised which will difficultly afterwards be suppressed Ulcers of the Eyes for the most part leave Blindness especially where the horny Tunicle is wholly corroded by which the Watry Humor is let out as also oftentimes the Christaline An Inflammation generally is very painful which is forthwith to be removed by those Remedies delivered in the seventeenth Chapter of the First Book To the Ulcer it self first Abstersive then Cicatrizing Medicines are to be applied An Abstersive Collyrium Take white Amber red Mirrhe of each half a Scruple Eastern Saffron six Grains white of an Egg Sugar-Candy a Dram Eye-bright-water two ounces and an half Mix them Another Take Aloes Frankincense prepared Tutty of each half a Scruple Glass of Antimony six grains Gum Tragacanth a Scruple celandine-Celandine-water three ounces Mix them Or Take red Coral prepared Frankincense of each half a Dram white Troches of Rhasis prepared Harts-horn of each a Scruple burnt Lead fifteen Grains crude Antimony a Scruple Honey of Roses as much as is sufficient to make it into an Ointment A Cicatrizing Collyrium Take burnt Lead white Troches of Rhasis Sarcocols Sac. Saturni of each half a Scruple Rose-water four Ounces Mix them Ulcers of the Nose most commonly yield an ill Scent whence they are called Ozaenae Cause is a sharp bilious salt or malignant Humor which sometimes corrupts the Bones themselves but chiefly the Cartilage so by a flat Nose deforms the Face They are hard of Cure and therefore respect must be had to the whole Body at least the Head which requires corroborating and moderate Drying External Applications are to be abstersive and because of the Humidity of the Part somewhat drying The Juice of Scharley mixt with Honey of Roses is excellent here Take one Pomegranate sliced Litharge of Gold two drams red Lead a dram burnt Alom ae Scruple Mercurius dulcis half a dram whitest Sugar an ounce White Wine six ounces Let them boyl a little and preserve the strained Liquor for use Take Burnt Lead washt Ceruse prepared Tutty Litharge of each two Drams Frankincense-bark one dram Myrrhe round Birth-wort Mercurius dulcis of each half a dram Ung. Fuscum of Felix Wurtz three drams Ung. Album Champhorat as much as sufficeth to make a Liniment Fumes of the following powder put upon Coals is very good provided it is used cautiously and not above once or at most twice a day lest a Salivation should be raised which also will cure the Ulcer The quantity of a Nutmeg is sufficient for a Dose Take Bensoes Sandarach Mastick Frankincense Storax of each a Dram artificial Cinabar half an ounce Make it into a Powder for Fuming Ulcers of the Mouth require often Purgings sometimes Bleeding and if there be Malignity Antivenereal Sudorifick Decoctions which are here of great use External Remedies also here are Abstersives and Driers I have tried the following to be of singular Vertue Take Oak-leaves a handful Flowers of Roses Balaustians of each a pugil Pomegranate-rinds two drams Burnt-Alom two Scruples white Vitriol half a Scruple boil them in red Wine to half a pint of the strained Liquor add Honey of Roses Rob. Diameron of each an ounce Make a Gargarism Or Take common Chalk burnt Talk red Lead burnt Alom of each a dram Bole-Armenick two drams Mercurius dulcis half a dram Vitriol a scruple boil them in white Wine and to ten ounces of the Liquor add Syrup of Comfrey of Fernelius two ounces and an half Mix it for a mouth-Mouth-water Or Take burnt Talk Flower of Brimstone Bole-Armenick Frankincense Comfrey-roots the greater Pomegranate rinds of each a dram burnt Alom two Scruples Verdigreece half a dram Honey of Roses as much as sufficeth to make it into a Liniment Or Take Ung. Fuscum of Felix Wurtz three drams Honey of Roses as much as sufficeth to make it into a Liniment The Fume for Ulcers of the Nose is here useful as also common Ink. If Medicines effect nothing an actual Cautery must be used An Ulcer of the Bladder is troublesome and for the most part incurable having its beginning from a Wound the Stone a sharp Humor or Diuretick Medicine it requires many Internal and External Remedies which that we may not exceed our bounds we leave to be prescribed by the Physician except some few whose vertue hath been often experimented by us Take Roots of round Birthwort Comfrey the greater Osmond-royal of each half a dram Myrrhe Frankincense Storax Mastick Gum Tragaganth Seeds of white Poppy Henbane of each a scruple Juice of Liquoras half a dram Venice-Turpentine as much as to make them into Pills of the bigness of a little Pea. Or Take Troches of Alkakingi de Carabe Burnt-Talk of each half a dram Bole-Armenick Sealed Earth Mans-skull of each a dram Venice-Turpentine as much as to make them into Pills of the bigness of a little Pea. Let the Patient take six of these Pills or of the former every day Morning and Evening Take Lime-water three ounces Plantain two ounces white Troches of Rhasis a dram Mix them for an Injection to be used twice or thrice every day Lime water in this place is nothing else than common-water wherein quick Lime hath been quencht have a care of making it too strong Ulcers of the neck of the Bladder are cured after the same manner though indeed more easily and those of the Penis far more easily although contracted from a virulent Gonorrhaea These are to be known by the pained Part and by the coming forth of the Matter before or after making of the Urine except timely you endeavor their Cure the Disease slides inwardly and will perforate either the Bladder or Perinaeum Sometimes there are here one or more Caruncles which because they cannot always be cured by Medicaments they may be taken away by Chirurgery by the assistance of an Instrument described by Pary and others yet many times have I cured these Excrescensies by using of small Suppositories made of the following Ointment thickned by gentle boiling Take Ung. Fuscum of Felix Wurtz Honey of Roses of each two drams Make it into an Ointment In these Caruncles before they are fixt we effect much by Vulnerary Sudorifick and Anti-venereal Decoctions outwardly using the following Medicine Take Litharge of Gold Flower of Brimstone of each three drams prepared Tutty two drams Red Lead half a dram Ung. Aegyptiacum a dram Honey of Roses as much as is sufficient
to make it into an Ointment Anoint a Wax-Candle with this Ointment and put it into the Urinary passage renewing it twice or thrice a day until there is an absolute Mundification It s Consolidation is performed with no better Medicines that I know of than by the Amalgama of Mercury describ'd in the seventh Chapter of the second Book if it be mixt with Ung. Diapompholigos and the Wax Candle annointed with it and put into the Urethra as is already said Ulcers of the Neck of the Womb though slight they are of difficult Cure and if those Ulcers are negligently handled they produce grievous Symptoms and sometimes a Gangrene after Purging and the use of Vulnerary and Venereal Decoctions as also Bleeding the following is good Take Roots of Orise powdered Litharge of Gold Flower of Brimstone of each two drams Mastick a dram Mercurius dulcis half an ounce Ung. Fuscum of Felix Wurtz two drams Honey of Roses as much as sufficeth to make it into a Liniment A Fume Take Gum of Juniper an ounce Mastick Myrrhe Laudanum of each two drams Make it into a Powder If they had their Original from the French-Pox add to this Powder a dram of Cinnabar and use it twice a day Ulcers of the Legs especially those that are upon the Shins occasion great trouble to the Chirurgeon because the Humors of the whole Body continually flow to those parts for which reason the Medicines are oftentimes used to little purpose the Part must be well rowled from the Foot upwards and the Body once or twice a week well purged A Plate of Lead or Plaister of Lead or Diapompholigos of Mineum Griseum or the following is very good in this case Take the Plaisters of Lead Griseum of each an ounce Litharge of Gold Ceruse of each three drams Sac. Saturni half a dram Gum Elemny two drams Make it into a Plaister Another very good in these or other Malignant Ulcers Take Album-Graecum Froth of the Sea of each an ounce Oyl of bitter Almonds four ounces Sheeps-Sewet six ounces White Wax as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister to which if you please you may add some Diapompholigos Factotum Magistri Christiani Take Oyl of Roses twelve ounces Ceruse Mussilage of the Roots of Comfrey of each six ounces White Wax four ounces Litharge of Gold Red Lead Lapis Calaminaris of each three ounces Make it into an Ointment according to Art Another Take Flowers of Red-Roses one ounce Balaustians two drams Elder-flowers an ounce and half Roots of Tormentil Round-Birthwort Roots long Pepper Lapis Calaminaris of each an ounce Prepared Tutty two drams Bole-Armenick half an ounce Litharge of Gold and Silver of each an ounce and half rose-Rose-water five ounces White Wine twelve ounces Mix them The End of the third Book of the second Part. THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE TO THE STUDIOUS READER AS Chirurgery is a of Physick that ought not to be separated from it so also let not any imagine to himself that he can deserve the name of an Experienced Chirurgeon except he underderstand some part of it especially Anatomy the only Foundation of Chirurgery But seeing that the study of some most curious Anatomists hath found out many excellent things in this happy Age altogether unknown to the Ancients though some foolishly affirm the contrary with great pains ascribing those things to them which they never so much as dream'd of which indeed are not to be accounted of as ingenious subtleties but as the Fundamental Rules and Cynosure to those that Navigate through the vast Ocean of this Art It is every ones part to labour in it that it may be perfected and every day more and more illustrated which may at length be brought to pass if with the greater Pains Industry and Curiosity we enquire into the unknown Regions and Tracts of the Microcosm and not given to sloth plough our Ground with other Mens Oxen only trusting on the Authority of the Ancients which the Learned wisely call Asinorum Pontem As for me I have ventured to introduce some new Opinions because that I deemed them in the nature of things to exceed thee and me and all in Antiquity If thou enquirest into it with the same labour perchance thou mayest embrace the same Opinions That of the Circulation of the Blood is now spread over all Europe yea the principal Professors in the Illustrious Universities do all with one voice approve it the Salivous passages and Limphaducts as also the Lacteal Vessels both the greater and lesser may so plainly be demonstrated that they may be perceived as it were with one Eye My own proper and peculiar Opinions I have confirmed with Reasons which I suppose are agreeable to our Art In the rest if thou findest any thing new it is nothing but what can be demonstrated by Dissection What others have writ at another time pleaseth us also for I cannot nor ought not to change the parts of the Body nevertheless the Disposition of my Genius is so pregnant that I hope it will free thee from great pains and trouble For first I thought it convenient largely to discourse of the simple Parts their Affections and Vse that thou mightest not be necessitated to repeat in following the same thing a hundred times To this end I have retained the Terms of our Art used by the Ancient Latine Writers Then I expound the elaborating the Blood which properly is the Foundation of all Physick and which the Wits of the Learned have long and much wrested O foelicissimum qui metam proximè attigerit Lastly all the parts of the Head Breast Abdomen and Joynts I have so described having not at all separated them that thou mightest not be forced to seek one here and another there But that this knowledge might become the more profitable I have shewn the Vses of it in Chirurgery which I hope you will well apply and endeavour with me as much as possible to perfect this Imperfection BARBETTY'S CHIRURGERY The Third Part of Chirurgery OR The PRACTICAL ANATOMY In FIVE BOOKS 1. Treats of the Parts in general 2. Of the Head 3. Of the Breast 4. Of the lower Belly 5. Of the Joynts CHAP. I. Of the Practical Anatomy THE PREFACE THou which desirest to know thy self come hither and view the little World will declare how thou oughtest to value the great one The Architecture of thy Creator by no Art to be bettered the Essence of thy Soul not to be reach'd by the greatest strength of thoughts and the fragility of thy Terrestrial Mansion will teach thee to esteem those things more that are above thee to use better those things that are within thee and to carry thy self with a more compassionate mind towards thy Neighbour although thou walkest here as a stranger the consideration of these things will shew thee that thou oughtest not to be a stranger in the most necessary knowledge of thy Duty by which thou mayest use it to the greater good of thy self so
Praeparata or Vena puppis may be cut sometimes the Temporal or Saphena In an Inflamation of the Eyes the Cephalica and if you desire to evacuate from the whole Body the Basilica or Mediana In a Quinsie the Ranina which must be but with a little Incision seeing we cannot scarce by any means stop the Flux of Blood and sometimes also the External Jugular In a Pleurisie the Basilica of the affected not opposite side here is requisite the greatest Circumspection for under it lies the Tendons of the Muscle Biceps and near it the Artery In anger fear or any Casualty c. the Mediana or Basilica In Chronick Diseases and quartane Fevers the Salvatella especially in the Full and New Moon In Women that lie in and in suppression of the Menses the Saphena In the Sciatica the Ischiatica CHAP. IX Of Arteries AN Artery is a Similar Spermatick Membranous round cavous Part joined every where to the Veins by the assistance of its Oscultations containing the Nutritious Blood with the Vital Spirit carrying it to all the Parts of the Body Difference is two-fold the great Artery or Aorta and Pulmoniack The great Artery comes from the left Ventricle of the Heart which except in the Brain and other softer parts every where else consists of a double Coat the outermost of which is of the thickness of the Veins but the inmost is five times thicker lest by continual pulsation about the hard and solid Parts it might incur an incurable Rupture It receives three Valves call'd Sigmoides looking outwardly Coming out of the Ventricle of the Heart with a great Orifice before it perforates the Pericardium it affords to the Heart it self the Coronary Artery when past the Pericardium it is divided into the Ascending and Descending Trunk The Ascending Trunk which is the lesser resting upon the Wind-pipe is separated into the two Subclavials from which being yet within the Breast proceeds 1. Intercostalis superior proper to the four upper Ribs 2. Mammaria to the Breasts 3. Cervicalis to the Muscles of the Neck 4. Carotis externa interna proper to the Larinx Tongue Neck Head and Brain When they have left the Thorax they are called Axillares and carry Nourishment to the outward part of the Breast 1 2. By the Thoracica superior inferior 3. By the Scapularis 4. By the Humeraria Then they approach the Arm where they accompany the Branches of Vena Cava and are call'd by the same name as they are The Descending Trunk which is the greater being yet within the Breast sends 1. The Intercostalis superior to the eight lower Ribs 2. The Phrenica to the Diaphragm and Pericardium Then having perforated the Diaphragm it communicates 1. The Coeliaca to the Stomach from which proceeds the Splenica and Gastro Epiploica dextra 2 3. Mesenterica superior inferior to the Mesentery 4. Emulgens to the Kidneys 5. Spermatica to the Testicles 6. Lumbaris to the Loins 7. Muscula superior to the Muscles of the Abdomen Then at length it is divided into the two Iliac Branches About this Division exhibiting 1. Muscula superior 2. Epigastrica 3. Hypogastrica 4. Umbilicalis 5. Pudenda Out of the Abdomen they change their names and are call'd Crurales and so they descend into the Feet and all along accompanied with the Veins from whom they borrow their Names Use is to carry the nutritious Blood with the Vital Spirit into all parts Arteria Pulmonalis which the Ancients did falsly call Vena Arteriosa seeing it hath Pulsation is made up of a double Coat and contains the Nutrious Blood issuing out of the left Ventriticle of the Heart with a double Branch enters the Lungs and is distributed through them by many little Branches carrying to them the Nutritious Blood And then what in the Blood is not sufficiently concocted into the Pulmoniack Vein by whose means 't is returned into the left Ventricle of the Heart It hath three Valves called Sigmoides which look outward lest the Blood that having entred it should slide back again into the Ventricle of the Heart It s Use is to convey the Blood out of the right Ventricle of the Heart into the Lungs by which they are nourished and what remains above then serves for their Nutriment is brought back again by the Pulmoniack Vein into the left Ventricle of the Heart Here it pleaseth the curious Observers of Anatomy to take notice of besides the eleven Valves which we have declared to be disposed in the four already named Vessels that many others are found in the Heart which as yet want any certain name Chirurgical Consideration In an Haemorrage of the Nose the Blood flows from the Arteries not Veins which not only the colour of the Blood witnesseth but also the great weakness which always follows such a Flux I use to stay it after this manner First let a Vein be opened then let there be applied in Men to the Testicles in Women to the Hypogastrium a Linnen Cloth four double wet in cold water or let the Face of the Patient be suddenly sprinkled with cold Water Internally let there be exhibited now and then a spoonful of the following Mixture Take Plantain-water two ounces and an half alexipharmick-Alexipharmick-water half an ounce cinamon-Cinamon-water three drams Confection of Hyacinth half a dram Dragons Blood Lapis Haematitis of each fifteen grains Julep of Roses an ounce Laudanum Opiat two grains Spirit of Vitriol six drops Mix them The following Water is also commended Take Lapis Prunella half an ounce plantain-Plantain-water six ounces let it be divided into three Doses The manner of opening Arteâ—ies delivered by the Ancients is so dangerous and frightful as that there is none of the Moderns but what dislike it yea Arteriotomy hath been wholly rejected had not the Diligence of their Posterity found out other ways That which I with others have found always to be the best of them I will here set down Chirurgeons were wont to tie a Bandage about the Neck but seeing when it is hard bound it is very troublesome it is better that the Ligature be made under the Arm-pits which must be so straight that the Jugular Veins and Carotide Artery may appear both by swelling and touch then let the Arteries be compressed by the Thumb a little below where you intend to make the Incision and being opened which must be done by a steddy and strong hand take forth as much Blood as is sufficient which done strew Astringent Powder upon the Wound then put over it a double Linnen Cloth with a Plate of Lead then bind it up with a convenient Bandage and within five or six days space it will be perfectly well In the Head-ach Madness Epilepsie great Inflamations of the Eyes or Ears the Arteries of the Forehead Temples or those behind the Ears are opened as also the Arteria puppis all of them being branches of the external Carotide In the Inflammations of the Liver and Diaphragm the Artery between the
it comes to pass that the Fat when it is any obstruction in the Cure of an external Disease may be cut off without any pain or other inconvenience 2. The Nails are oftentimes subject to clefts to be rough and of ill colour the Cause is a vicious Humor or some External Accident these may be cured by the often paring of the superfluities and the applying the following Plaister Take Rosin half an ounce Turpentine Frankincense Mastick of each two drams Goats-Suet Green-Wax of each five drams Make it into a Plaister accoâ—ding to Art Blood sometimes remains coagulated under the Nails which may be discussed by this Plaister Take Roots of Crow-foot of Solomons Seal red Mirrhe of each a dram Gum Sagapenum an ounce Oyl of Nuts a dram Make it into a Plaister For the falling off of the Nails a Finger-stall may be prepared of Green Wax Laudanum and Amoniacum c. 3. The shedding of the Hair is a frequent evil the causes of it are Burning Fevers old Head-aches the Leprosie and the French Pox and there is not to be expected any new in its room before the Cause for some time hath been taken away which being done the following external Applications may be made use of Take Southern-wood Maiden-hair Mallows Marjoram of each one handful Cummin roots of Parsley of Radishes Storax Calamit and liquid red Mirrhe of each five drams Euphorbium Cantharides of each a dram Gum Laudanum three ounces Oyl of white-Lillies an ounce Roman Nettle-seeds half an ounce Infuse them 36 hours in three quarts of fair Water then distil them in Balneo Mariae Or Take Aloes a dram Agarick Coloquintida of each two drams Rocket-seeds half an ounce Salt of Camomile two scruples infuse them twenty four Hours in fifteen ounces of White-Wine and keep the strained Liquor for your use CHAP. XIV Of the Generation of the Blood and its Circulation WE have hitherto treated of the Similar Parts properly and improperly so call'd from whom are the Dissimilars compounded The Blood serves to their Conservation as doth the Spirits to the Actions from thence proceeding but how the Blood is generated in our Body and how many Spirits are there found is not as yet sufficiently understood by us In this thing Writers differ among themselves so that the very Truth seems to lie hid in the profoundest darkness yet the love and desire of searching out the Truth exactly gives me freedom to declare my Opinion yet still giving place to a better Sanguification I conceive to be performed after this manner The harder Meat received in by the Mouth chawed by the Teeth and by the Spittle moistened is in some manner prepared to be made Chyle This Spittle from whence it hath its beginning no man as I know of hath rightly demonstrated Those that derived it from the Veins and Arteries it is upon this reason because they communicate several Branches to the Maxillerary Glandules through which the late invented Ductus Salivales pass and moreover a Salivation raised by Art seems to confirm this Opinion But how the Arteries and Nerves can separate so great a quantity of Spittle as we have often known to have been thrown forth in so short a time seems not possible to me I do rather derive it from the Stomach and Limphaducts which I suppose to adhere to the Salivals upon the following Reasons 1. As often as voluntary swallowing is designed we observe the Spittle to ascend as it were from the Stomach into the Mouth it self especially if the Meat be moistened by Drink 2. The Tongue Mouth and the whole Stomach have inwardly a common Tunicle 3. The Meat in the Mouth as in like manner in the Ventricle ought to be mixt with Spittle 4. It would be very troublesome continually to drink in eating for it is very easie for some time to keep the devoured Liquor in the Stomach and then sensibly to communicate some part of it to the Mouth 5. The Limphaducts are dispersed through the whole Body and they go both unto the Stomach and Tongue 6. I judge no Humor to be thrown out of our Body except by peculiar passages and so for several reasons I think the Tears also to be shed though particular Channels which a more accurate hand whether mine or others may sometimes find out Yea the most Noble Lewis Bills the great Anatomist attests to have already discover'd them and promiseth to demonstrate them in the Body and in Figures to the Favourers of Truth If you enquire of me of what nature Spittle is I answer that it is Salt yet 't is not always necessary that this saltness be perceived by the Tongue which those that Understand the Nature of Artificial Salts sufficiently know It is certain that there is some natural Salt in all Meats and Drinks 't is also certain that Salt not only helps the commixing and concoction of the Meat but also contributes much to the fermentation of the Humors The Ductus Salivales which we have now made mention of have but one strong Tunicle not unlike the Ureters but that they are lesser Of each side one They take their Original endued with many Roots from a certain great Glandule lying under the Tendon of the Musculus Digastricus not far from the upper Part of the Jaw then they run under the Tongue above the great Nerve of our eighth Pare to the more inward parts of the mouth where in the two ranine Glandules near the bridle of the Tongue they terminate from whom being variously perforated issues out the Spittle into the Mouth of which the enquiring Reader may more largely satisfie his curiosity out of the Writings of Glisson and Van-Horn The Meat thus chewed by the Teeth and prepared by the Mouth through the Gullet by the assistance of proper Muscles is carried into the Stomach which that it may the better keep it it presently purseth it self together so that the upper Orifice is close shut but the lower not so straight that though very lightly pressed may there find passage The Meat received by the Stomach and moistened by Spittle Drink and its own humidity forthwith by the heat of the Stomach begins to be concocted the Order is not observed here which was in the eating of the Meat yet in the beginning I have observed the Meat to be disposed in the same order as it was devoured by the Animal that was dissected but afterwards the Stomack continually digesting first sends away that Meat which is of easiest Digestion to the Guts and it doth not detain it whilst the other is also concocted which Loosnesses and Vomiting evidently enough declare if you look into the Excrements The Meat being concocted assumes a whiteness like to Cream and this is called Chile The Chile out of the stomach through the Pylorus enters the Intestines in which passage there is a notable Peristaltick motion Out of this the Venae Lacteae suck what is useful to nourish the parts and the unuseful is cast out
Roots of Marsh-mallows an ounce leaves of Mallows of Mandrake of each one handful Heads of Poppy No. ij flowers of Dill Camomile of each two handfuls Linseed three drams boil them in Cows-Milk for a Fomentation The Flux and pain being ceased what yet remains may be discussed by those Remedies but now set down in a pain from a cold distemperature Where the Inflamation Apostumates which we understand by a Feverish Pulse and by the continual increasing we must assist Nature by suppurating Medicines Take Unguentum Basilicon two drams Oyl of Linseed three drams Mix them Or Take Goose grease Oyl of sweet Almonds of white Lillies of each two drams Mix them Or Take Roots of white Lillies an ounce and half a large Onion roasted in the Embers and beaten together add to them the Meal of Marsh-mallows half an ounce Linseed six drams fresh-Butter an ounce and half Oyl of Camomile Linseed of each half an ounce Saffron half a dram Make it into a Poultice The Apostume being broke the Ulcer is first to be mundified for which purpose are convenient Honey of Roses of Centaury the juice of Smallage Fennel Bete Onions Leeks Decoction of Agarick Lupins Urine Lye Oxes-gall Unguentum Aegyptiacum Then must be used those Medicines that may dry and consolidate the Ulcer Take Roots of round Birthwort half a dram of Flowerdeluce a scruple wash'd Ceruse prepared Tutty of each a dram Mirrhe Sarcocols Litharge of Gold of each two scruples artificial Cinabar half a dram Scales of Iron a scruple Honey of Roses as much as is sufficient Make it into an Ointment Where Worms come in an Ulcer from an impure matter the following are convenient to kill them The juice of Wormwood Centaury Arsmart a decoction of Coloquintida of white Hellebore Ox-gall Oyl of Wormwood of bitter Almonds c. Or Take Aloes Mirrhe of each two drams Coloquintida half a dram tops of Wormwood half a handful Boil them in white Wine for an injection 11. The Nose as well as the Ear is subject to inflamation which presently in the beginning we are forced to remedy by the Medicaments formerly mentioned in an inflamation lest otherways its Cartilages should become carious which may cause a great deformity Sometimes a Tumour call'd a Polypus seizeth the inward Cavity of it occasioned from impure and pituitous Blood which is two-fold for it either resembles a Tent or Pellet and is call'd by the general name Sarcoma or it spreads it self with many small branches into the inward parts of the Mouth or into the external parts of the Nose is in specie call'd a Polypus that which it of a whitish colour not painful and soft is easily cur'd but that more difficultly which is very red never that which is livid black or stinking being touched it turns into a Cancer and overspreads the whole Face The Cure of it is performed by Medicaments by a Thred or by a Knife in the beginning those Medicines that are dry and astringent are most convenient Take Pomegranate-rinds flowers of Balaustians of each a dram Cadmia Fossilis two drams Crude Antimony Crocus Martis of each half a dram Mastick Mirrhe Loadstone Litharge of each a dram Make them into fine Powder These effecting nothing Exedents are to be us'd Take burnt Alom Bole-Armenick Balaustians of each three drams Make them into a Powder Another stronger Take Vitriol half an ounce Alom Pomegranate-rinds Galls of each two drams red Mirrhe burnt Birthwort of each a dram Make them into a Powder Another yet stronger Take Vitriol four ounces Alom Verdigreece of each half an ounce Vinegar six ounces Calcine them in a luted Vessel Another very effectual Take red and yellow Arsnick Alom Galls of each half an ounce Make them into fine Powder I have seen those Tumors totally eradicated by the water wherein Mercury sublimate is boiled But they seldom are cured by Medicine for the most part we use here an Instrument described by Sâ—nnertus and Aquapendens It may also be drawn forth with a pair of Forceps they may also be removed by a Thred if it can be conveniently put about it what remains may be cured by application of the Medicines but now mentioned 12. The Mouth is inflamed upon many Causes the chief are 1. The heat of the Blood 2. The acrimony and saltness of the Spittle 3. A Rheum from the Head generally there follows little Blisters and an Ulceration which not being carefully looked after turns to a Gangrene especially in Children after the small Pox and Measles in this case besides the common Means this is excellent Take Felix Wurtz his brown Ointment two drams Honey of Roses an ounce and half Spirit of Vitriol half a scruple Mix them 13. Under the Tongue happens a Rannula or Baetrachios a Tumor which is more frequently produced from Phlegm than from any other part of the Blood and it is often cured by this Powder Take Pepper Ginger of each a dram Sal Gemmae and common Salt of each two scruples wild Marjoram Calamint Orise-roots Hermodactils of each half a dram Mastick a scruple Make it into a Powder Strew it often upon the Tumor which if it goes not away open it in one or more places that the moisture may come forth and apply Honey of Roses to the Wound some in this case use an actual Cautery but I rather approve of a Launcet 14. For the Corruption of the Gums this Powder is good Take Roots of Comfrey Pomegranate-rinds of each a dram Frankincense Mirrhe white Vitriol of each half a dram burnt Vitriol a scruple Make it into a Powder 15. Epulis a Tumor of the Gums must be suddenly taken away by a Thred or Knife lest it should turn into a Cancer 16. For the taking off an ulcerated and rotten Uvula Bartholine hath described an excellent Instrument in his Anatomical Observations but it may be conveniently enough cut off with a pair of Scissers and the Bleeding may be stopt with Cyprus Vitriol Unguentum Aegyptiacum or the like is sufficient to perfect a Cure Fabritius Hildanus judiciously took it away by the help of a Thred which is to be imitated by them who fear an Incision CHAP. II. Of the internal Parts of the Head NOw we approach Palas's Tower which is sometimes empty and sometimes fill'd with Folly wherein if an ill mind be as it were a familiar Inhabitant Virtue must prudently look to it self but yet let it continue its Dominion whilst its Enemy in the mean time lurking in some corner shall no where be at quiet Before we can enter into it and look into the Brain there are two Curtains to be drawn open the Pia and Dura Mater The Dura Mater in the outside rougher than in the inside encompasseth the Brain very loosly lest its Arbitrary Motion should be hindred dividing the same by the help of certain foldings which is call'd Falx into the right and left part and also separating it from the Cerebellum In this Falx are always
How the Internal Vlcers of the Yard ought to be cured we have set down in the Chapter of particular Vlcers But in this we may describe this Medicine by the use of which a Cancerous Yard was cured An Vnguent of Peter Baierus Take the juice of the tops of Bramble Stalks of Roses Vinegar of each two ounces Franckincense Mastick of each three drams Litharge of Gold an ounce Sack four ounces Juice of Housleek three ounces Aqua vitae four ounces Verdigreece two ounces and half Vitriol Burnt-alom of each a dram and half Camphire a dram Oyl of Roses four ounces Powder those things that are to be powdred very fine and being searched let them boil all together upon a gentle fire except the Camphire which is to be put in at the end to the consumption of the Juices then add the Wax and make it into an Ointment 11. The Spermatick Vessels sometimes in Women are so greatly obstructed that together with the Testicles in the side of Hypogastrium they swell to the bigness of ones Fist 12. In the Tubes of the Womb the Womans Seed is sometimes corrupted from which arise grievous Symptoms the Courses being for some Months obstructed oftentimes there follows a Dropsie the Water here collected we have observed in dead Bodies that have been opened to flow directly through the Tubes into the Duplicature of the Peritonaeum 13. The Womb from the preternatural afflux of Blood is often inflamed especially in lying-in Women and in those whose Courses flow disorderly this Inflammation oftentimes is changed into an Abscess if negligently handled whose Cure belongs to the Physitian But a Sphacelus is incurable For what the Ancients relate concerning the extirpation of the Womb to wit that it may all be taken off without any great danger is to be reckoned amongst their other Errors but whether this Animal in living Creatures this necessary part joyning to so many other parts and furnished with such abundance of Arteries may be cut out without danger of Life The same thing I believe hath hapned to them in this case as hath hapned in the describing and curing the falling down of the Womb who here and there have taken the extended Tunicles of the Vagina Vteri for the Womb it self for I easily grant these Tunicles may without any great danger be taken away But I truly esteem a Sphacelus of the whole Womb to cause certain death 14. The Neck of the Womb is subject to Haemorrhoids in the same manner as the straight Gut is these flowing may be distinguished from the Courses by these following signs in the flowing of the Courses we can observe no Branches of the Vessels in the Neck of the Womb they come out of the Womb it self and they cause no pain except in the Hypogastrium these Vessels by which the Evacuation is made are the Hypogastrick and Spermatick Arteries but the Haemorrhoids are the Branches of Vena pudenda they may be known both by the sight and feeling and there is no pain but in the privy part it self They ought to be treated in the same manner as the other Haemorrhoids are to ease pain this Ointment is excellent Take Mussilages of the Seed of Quinces Marshmallows of each half an ounce Saffron Oyl of Roses Hens-grease of each a dram the Yolk of an Egg Make it into an Ointment This Mixture is excellent Take Litharge of Gold washt Oeruse burnt-Lead of each a scruple purslane-Purslane-water five ounces Mix them Let the Haemorrhoids be washt with it and let a Linnen Cloth dipt in it be applied to the Part affected The End of the fourth Book of the third Part. The FIFTH BOOK Of the Joynts CHAP. I. Of the Hand UNder the name of the Hand we comprehend also the Arm whose Teguments both proper and common as also its Vessels are already sufficiently described It is commonly divided into three parts 1. The Shoulder 2. The Cubit 3. The Hand properly so call'd The Shoulder or upper part of the Arm consists of one Bone and nine Muscles The Muscles are 1 2. Deltoides and Supra spinatus which two raise it upward 3 4. Aniscalptor Latissimus and Rotundus major which two pull it downward 5 6. Pectoralis Perforatus or Coracoidaeus which two draw it forward 7 8 9. Infra-spinatus Rotundus minor and Immersus or Subscapularis which three move it backward By these three last moving together the Arm is as it were turned about and obliquely outwardly raised up The Bone is great and long its Head or upper extremity is invested with a Cartilage Membranous Ligament and four Tendons and furnished with a particular Cavity in which the Tendon of the Muscle Triceps lies The Lower Extremity is like unto a Pulley which permits the Cubit to be bent very much inwardly but not to extend beyond the right Line The Cubit consists of two Bones which are by proper Muscles properly moved which although out of order we are forced to set down in this place The Lower Bone which is greater and longer than the other is call'd Vlnae in its upper extremity are two triangular processes observed which are call'd Rostra or Glandes The Lower Extremity ends with a round Knob to which is joyned a sharp Process which is call'd Styloides It is moved by four Muscles of which two are Flexors 1. Biceps 2. Brachiaeus Two Extensors 1. Longus 2. Brevis The upper Bone which is less and shorter is call'd Radius or the lesser Focil it is received in the upper part by the Vlna in the lower part it receives the Vlna in the middle they are a little distant from one another which space is yet fill'd with a thin Ligament It is also moved by four Muscles whereof two are Pronatores or pullers down 1. Rotundus 2. Quadratus The other two are Supinatores or raisers up 3. Longior 4. Brevior Some add to these two other Muscles but they are very seldom found and diversly described The Hand is divided into three parts the Carpus or Wrist the Metacarpus or the distance between the Wrist and Fingers and the Fingers themselves The Carpus hath four Muscles Two Flexors the Cubitaeus and the Radiaeus internus Two Extensors the Cubitaeus and Radiaeus externus Under these lie eight little Bones as yet without name which are in the first years Cartilaginous and soft but afterwards become harder they are tied and joyned together with strong Ligaments The Metacarpus hath two Muscles call'd Palmares longus brevis And four Bones fastened to the Carpus by the assistance of the Cartilaginous Ligaments The Fingers consist of fifteen Bones which as yet have no certain names given them and fourteen Muscles whereof Two are Flexors sublimis profundus Two Extensors Four Adductors Lumbricales Six Abductors or Interossei Three are External and as many Internal Besides these the Thumb and Little Finger have a particular Flexor and Extensor These are besides to be considered in the Hand 1. The Armilla Membranosa
an actual Cautery is not so necessary it will be therefore best to make use of a potential one and among those several wherewith I have been acquainted I know not any one that is more corrosive and yet causeth less pain than this following Take unslaked Lime drachm 1 of black Sope as much as sufficeth Mix them There are few which are not acquainted with such things as are useful for drawing of Blisters among the rest this Prescription following is to be commended Take sowre Leaven half an ounce Euphorbium Seeds of Staves-acre of Mustard Roots of Pellitory of Spain of each a scruple and half Cantharides a dram and half strongest Wine-Vinegar to make for a Blistering Paste If the pain be great the following Poultice may be made use of unless necessity require that the Chirurgeon should make use of a Cautery Take Leaves of a Scordium Rue Hemlock of each a handful Camomile and Dill-flowers of each a pugil tops of Wormwood two handfuls Crums of Bread two ounces boil them in Milk adding to it of Eastern Saffron half a dram Yolks of two Eggs Treacle three drams Make it into a Cataplasm The suppuration of a Bubo is very rare the means necessary for it are such as Chirurgeons are very well acquainted with and are not if Nature inclines to it to be neglected The Abscessus in this case is to be opened first by a Launcet and not by the application of any Caustick but the Ulcer that proceeds from hence is very slowly healed None but such as are unskilful make use of the Plaister of Frogs and Mercury for it driveth the Venom inward and threatneth much danger to the sick person wherein we are confirmed both by the Writings of Ancient Authors and by our own experience The Carbuncle Called by the Greeks Anthrax for it is to no purpose to insert any nice distinction between them shews it self in several shapes but the Symptoms of it are many times very fallible It is easie to conclude of it when ever it discovers it self by a little Push of a dark Purple Colour with an Inflammation round about it but often appears with a White Push without any considerable prominency which seems to contain a sort of purulent Matter that portends no mischief but if you squeeze it you will find it dry and very hard and it eats very deep into the Skin underneath it Sometimes there appears one single Bladder filled with Limpid Matter which if it be not opened in the space of 24 hours it grows black and upon its dissection sends forth two or three drops of black Blood Otherwhiles several little white Blisters discover themselves If these grow hard underneath and are accompanied with a Fever and Inflammation there is no question but that they are Malignant and I know not why they may not be reckoned in the number of Carbuncles especially since they are wont to dispatch a man in as short a time as the purple ones and they are to be dealt with after the same manner if we expect that our endeavours should succeed To the Cure of it it is requisite that the Suppuration should with all diligence be promoted and thereby the danger prevented of the Infection dispersing it self And for this purpose I have found nothing more effectual than an actual Cautery which hath also been approved of by several Chirurgeons but there are some who apprehending it to be too cruel a Remedy do upon that account reject it and choose rather a Potential Caustick or some Medicines whereby Blisters may be raised Both which I my self likewise have made use of when it hath not been allowed that we should use other means and when I have hoped that these might be sufficiently efficacious For a Physitian is often constrained to comply with the Humor of such as are conversant about the sick Person and will pretend to know much although it be many times to the prejudice of his Patient They that approve not of any of the forementioned Remedies may make use of the Magnetical Arsenick Plaister which in this case we have found to be of great virtue For the separation of the Scar those means which we mentioned in treating of the Bubo are very necessary Many have very much commended this following Poultice Take Roots of Comfrey the greater dried two drams Marshmallow Roots dried half an ounce Leaves of Scordium dried two drams Meal of Linseed and Wheat of each half an ounce make them into fine Powder poure upon them clean water as much as is sufficient let them boil a little that the Mucilages may be dissolved and till it comes to the consistence of a thick Poultice then add of Honey Turpentine and Vng Apostolorum of each three drams Basilicon Tar of each two drams the Yolk of an Egg Eastern Saffron a scruple Mix and if you please you may add two drams of Treacle Preservatives against the PLAGUE IT is the Doctrine of the Devil to teach that the use of all Means is to be neglected who once spake to our Saviour and endeavoured to perswade him to cast himself headlong from the top of the Temple because they need no other security whom God supporteth by his mighty Hand but he that hath given us Life and Health requires that we should make use of some helps for the conservation of both and therefore if you take my advice I would wish you to observe the Rules following Amongst which in the first place is challenged and that deservedly fervent Prayer Flight is very allowable to Christians if it be consistent with their quality and condition of Life but let those that make use of this not depend too much upon it but remember that it is not possible to fly beyond the reach of the Omnipotent And to take these Directions with them viz. That they fly early go far off and be slack in their return When we go out into the Air either by day or night we ought to take special care that it be clear and free from Vapours To which intent it hath been in such cases very useful and found exceding advantageous to keep good fires both in publick an private since the Air is by nothing sooner nor more effectually purified It is also very necessary that the Houses be daily washed which if it be done with Vinegar instead of Water it is much better Things of a strong Odour such as Amber Musk Civet Benjamin c. do not only correct the Malignity but attract the Venom to them and have been found hurtful by experience and are therefore consequently to be concluded so by reason It is useless and ridiculous to anoint the Nostrils with Treacle and Mithredate Those things which do really purifie the Air are Amber Pitch Mirrhe Frankincense the Wood and the Berries of Juniper Sulphur Assa Foetida Horn but especially Gunpowder being either kindled or put upon a few lighted Coals Such as take Tobacco do very much commend the virtue of that Plant I
rhabarbaro Electuarum de succo Rosarum Electuarium Lenitivum Pulvis Sennae praep Brass-savoli Syrup of Roses solutive Pill Aggregativa Aureae Cochiae de Agarico Lucis majoris Ruffi Extract Rudii Species for Suppositories CLASSIS III. Electuaries and Powders strengthening the Heart and noble parts Aromaticum Rosatum Bolus orientalis Camphire Confect Alchermes de Hyacintho Prepared Coral Burnt Harts-horn prepared Cremor Tartari Diaireos Diamargaritum frigidum Diarrhodon Abbatis Diatragaganthum frigidum Diatrion Santalinum Flower of Brimstone Bezoar Stone Prepared Pearls Mithridate Meconium Vpium Laudanum Opiatum Ostrocolla prepared to be given inwardly Philonium Romanum Pulvis ad Epithemata cordis Shavings of Harts-horn Sal prunella Tartarum vitriolatum Seal'd Earth Theriac Londinens Andromachi Diatesseron CLASSIS IV. Aromaticks or Spices Calamus Aromaticus Cloves Cinnamon Saffron Gallingal Mace Nutmegs Pepper Sugar Ginger CLASSIS V. Distill'd Waters and the like Of Sorrel Aniseed Burrage Bugloss Marigold Cinnamon distill'd without Wine Bawlm Plantain Roses Aqua Vitae Absynthii Minthae Theriacalis Juices of Barberries Citrons Pomegranats Vineger of Roses Common Vineger CLASSIS VI. Syrups Of Sorrel Unripe Currans Barberries Bugloss Citrons Quinces Pomegranats Limons Liquorice Poppies Roses not laxative Dried Roses Violets Mel Rosarum Oxymel simplex scilliticum Diamoron CLASS VII Roots Of Marshmallows Angelica Birthwort long and round Bistort Briony Avens Onyons Succory Comfrey Sow-bread Elecampane Eringo Fennel Gentian Swallow-wort Orris White Lillies Liquorice Parsley Burnet Plantain Polypody Squills Tormentill CLASS VIII Herbs Wormwood common Roman Agrimony Ladies Mantle Jack by the hedge Marshmallows Leaves Flowers and Tops Betony Carduus benedictus Centaury Knotgrass Cuscuta Dittany of Crete Horsetail Eye-bright Fumitory St. Johns-wort Marjerome Balme Mint Mercury Nep. Origanum Plantane Self-heal Winter-green Ribwort Rosemary Rue Sage Sanicle Scabious Scordium Golden Rod. CLASS IX Flowers Of Dill. Betony Borrage Bugloss Marigold Camomile Pomegranats Melilot Primrose Roses Rosemary Sage Elder Mullein Violets CLASS X. Seeds Of Dill. Anise Caraways Coriander prepar'd Cummin Quinces Foenugrick French Barley Linseed Parsley Plantane Reddish Mustard CLASS XI Fruits Almonds Bay-berries Acorn-cups Figs. Preserved Cherries Quinces Galls Acorns Limons Lupins Oranges Pomegranats Mirtle-berries Cypress-Nuts Rose-cups Prunes Tamarinds Raisons CLASS XII Oyl Of Almonds sweet and bitter Dill. Aniseeds Balsom of Tolu Vigo's Balsom Oyl of Carawayseeds Cloves Wax Camomile Cinnamon Quinces Fennelseed St. Johns-wort Juniper-berries White Lillies Earth-worms Mastick Mint Myrtles Nutmegs Olives Roses Scorpions Turpentine Violets Yolks of Eggs. Petroleum Foxes Elder Linseed CLASS XIII Unguents Aegyptiacum Album Rhafis Apostolorum Aureum De Minio Camphoratum Defensivum Chalmetaei Dialtheae Diapompholigos Nicotianae Populeon Rosatum Ad Ambusta Hildani Basilicon Linimentum Arcei Martiatum CLASS XIV Fat 's Of Geese Beef Capons Deer Goats Men. Hens Hogs Bears CLASS XV. Plaisters Apostolicum Basilicum De Betonica Diapalma Diachilon simplex compositum De Melliloto De Mussilaginibus Oxycroceum De Ranis Paracelsus CLASS XVI Gums c. Ammoniacum Benjamin Wax white and yellow Colophony Elemni Euphorbium Mastick Myrrh Olibanum Pitch Stirax Calamita Turpentine Tragaganth CLASS XVII Minerals their like Alome crude burnt Antimony crude Arsnick Lime wash'd Ceruse Crocus Martis Gypsum Lapis Calaminaris Causticus Medicamentosus Crollii Sabulosus Lythargirium aureum argenteum Mercurius crudus Sublimatus Praecipitatus Nil praeparatum Niter crude prepar'd Burnt Lead Realger Seif album Brimstone Tutia prepared Vitriol crude and burnt CLASS XVIII Meals Of Bay-berries Beans Barley Lentiles Darnel Lupines Wheat Mill-dust Pulvis adsistendum sanguinem CLASSIS XIX Instruments Besides the above recited Medicines it is also most requisite that a Chirurgeon should be furnished with necessary Instruments without which he cannot perform his duty as he ought They may be divided into two sorts some to be fitted for a Box which he ought continually to carry about him in his Pocket these ought to be made small and little that they may neither load him nor afright the Patient the others are to be kept in the Chest whilst occasion calls for their assistance I never visited my Patients without a Box of Instruments in my Pocket in the which were contained the following A Razor A pair of Scissors Two Incision Knives Four Lancets to bleed withall A crooked Knife to open Apostems A Flegm to divide the Gums in the Tooth-ach An Extractor to take out forreign things out of Wounds A pair of Forceps for the same use Needles to stitch up great Wounds which are to be of different Sizes some great others small c. A stitching Quill which is used in stitching Wounds it ought to be of that length as to contain the Needles within its hollowness Wounds of the Fleshy parts only are to be stitcht nervous parts in no wise In wounds of the face I never use Needle but that which is called the dry stitch Spatula's great and little Probes Speculum oris one end of which in affects of the Jaws and Throat is to depress the tongue the other to scrape it Vvula-spoon A Burrus quill to sprinkle Powders upon Wounds or Ulcers A Hook single at one end and two at the other A Hone to set the Incision-Knives Lancets c. I had all these Instruments and many more made me by a skilful Artist in Silver which I used only within the Town Patients being less afraid of them than of Iron but at Sea and at Camps it is not so safe for a Chirurgeon to have them of Silver therefore they may be very conveniently made of Iron or Steel except the Probes which ought to be made of Lead Copper or Latin These Instruments a Chirurgeon ought always to have about him as also a Salvatory with six divisions which ought to be furnish'd 1. with unguentum Basilicon 2. with ung Aureum 3. Apostolorum 4. Nutritum 5. Album Rhasis the 6. with Rubrum Exsiccativum or de Minio it ought to be made of Horn or some solid wood as Ebony Guajacum or Box for Unguents are better preserved in wood than in Silver Copper c. It is also requisite that he hath about him in a Pewter Bottle some oyl of Roses to anoint any wounded part it easeth pain c. as also another pot with a digestive Thus much for the Instruments which a Chirurgeon ought to wear about him now follow the others and first of those that are us'd about the Head 1. Trepans by which the Skull is perforated in great Contusions to give passage to extravasated and concreted blood collected in the head 2. Levatories to raise the depressed skull 3. Scalpra's to scrape the carious skull 4. A great Speculum oris by which the Tongue in great inflammations of the Jaws and Throat is depress'd 5. Another speculum oris to force open the Mouth which as I have seen sometimes in spasmus's to be so close shut that a drop of Broth could not be poured in 6. Several Instruments to draw Teeth 7. And because sometimes in
as also of Hereditary Maladies together with their Remedies 'T Is known seldom to fail that in an army there reigneth some Disease or other according to the nature and constitution of the Country Air and Diet. The reasons are First that amongst so great a number of Men raised from so many different places there are to be found Men of very different tempers and constitutions sound and unsound and amongst the latter some that are scabby others scorbutical others labouring under venereal Diseases many inclined to dangerous and infectious Fevers c. all which a Physitian must have a watchful eye upon and endeavour to prevent their spreading Secondly that Souldiers in an Army want conveniences wherewith to take due care of their health but are often constrain'd to expose themselves and sleep in the open Air on moist ground the vapours whereof penetrate into their bodies and they are careless or want oppertunities of expelling them out again by sweat Whence is caused an inward putrefaction in the blood and humours which sometimes proceeds so far as to assume a venemous nature and to break out into spots tumors bubo's carbuncles c. Thirdly that Souldiers commonly keep an irregular diet Sometimes they have plenty and do supperabound at other times they have nothing and then being very hungry when they come again to a place of plenty they over-feed and surfeit whence are bred crudities in the Stomach and corruption which causeth malignant Fevers in abundance Besides they often feed upon Meat that is unwholsom as stinking Venison rotten Cheese musty Bread c. which cannot but occasion many Diseases And when they come to places where Fruit abounds as Apples Pears Plums Melons Cherries Grapes c. they over-eat themselves and thereby cause Gripings in the Guts Diarrhaea's c. Lastly sometimes the Air is corrupted especially after a great Battel and slaughter of Men that remain unburied whereby the Air being tainted infects the living that take it in Which is often made worse by the exhalations of low and moorish ground and by thick Fogs These are the general Causes of the common Distempers reigning in Armies against which thou art to arm thy self accordingly First then be careful in thy Diet eat not greedily and indiscreetly every thing that comes to hand and though it be good yet eat and drink not too plentifully of it but restrain thy appetite considering how destructive every excess may be to thy health If thou canst and hast no aversion from it drink every Morning of thy own Vrine which prevents corruption in the Stomach opens obstructions in the Liver Spleen Mesaraic Veins which if not removed there will follow Fevers the Yellow Jaundice Swellings and difficulty of breathing If thou art averse from doing so eat some Bread and Butter with Rue on it or if it be not hot weather take in the morning the quantity of a Hasel-nut of Mithridate or Treacle or infuse in Brandy or rather in Spirit of Juniper-berries some Zedoary Angelica and a little Citron-peels and drink a spoonful of it in the Morning When the Air is corrupted and there be at hand a Goat rub thy self at him and let not the strong smell keep thee from it Also put Quicksilver in an empty Hasel-nut closed up with Spanish Wax and hang it about thy neck or the Zenechton prepared of Arsenic after the manner by and by to be described sowed up in thin Leather for if it should touch the bare skin it would cause Blisters and do harm This Zenechton is a Plaister out of which are cut pieces of the bigness of a Dollar which are carried about the Neck and hang down near the Heart keeping good a whole year And when the infection is past this Zenechton being reduced to Powder will yet serve to kill Rats and Mice with It is to be thus prepar'd Take of Yellow and White Arsenic of each an ounce or ¾ of an ounce of gummi Tragacanth ½ an ounce put this gummi in rose-Rose-water or in common water over night and it will yield a slimy Water Then beat thy Arsenic in a Mortar and put so much of this gummed Water to it as is necessary to reduce it to a Paste having the consistence of Dough work it well and round it and then cut off a slice of the bigness of a Dollar somewhat thicker let this slice dry in the Air and sow it in a piece of thin Leather well-dressed Dogs-skin is the best for this purpose carry this about thy Neck so as to let it hang down upon and to touch the place of thy Heart Some mix with it a proportion of the Powder of dried Toads which I have done my self it being esteem'd more powerful Some carry about their Necks dried Spiders Theophrastus commends Celondine Leaves and Root carried about the Neck Remember also to burn frequently Juniper-wood before thy Tent though all ordinary fires cleanse the Air Upon which account Hippocrates advised great fires to be made in Greece at the time of a great Plague which was thought to have been remov'd by that means Some burn only a few Chips of Juniper-roots or some of the Berries of that shrub which is as effectual If these means cannot be had burn some Gunpowder ordering it like a Train this purifieth the Air likewise And the volleys of shot made mornings and evenings in a Camp conduce very much to the dispelling of Mist and qualifying raw weather Frankincense also Mastick and such other Perfumes as dry and clear the Air may be very usefully burnt and even a Scholars Perfume made of waste Paper is not to be despised If thou canst get Rue smell often to it And remember me for this general hint to take good notice of all Herbs that are green Winter and Summer and which are not eaten by Horses or Cattel for they are endow'd with excellent virtues for the good of Man and therefore made to grow at all seasons of the year When the Air is pestilential or breeding any Epidemical Disease then wash thy face with Vinegar every morning If thou canst get Acetum of Rue Elder-flowers Lavender Roses Marigold-flowers 't is the better Or if you have the conveniency prepare the following Acetum Take Rue Elder-flowers Burnet-roots white Dittany Carlina of each equal quantity a few Orange or Citron-peels of which the latter are the better of the two and a little Camphire and some Walnut-kernels the fresher the better leaving the bitter skins upon them put all these into common Vinegar and with this infusion moisten every morning thy Temples Mouth and Nostrils and the beating Arteries of both thy Wrists taking down a good spoonful of it and thou hast a good preservative If it be cold weather take Angelica-roots Zedoaria white Dittany some dried Citron-peels and a little Camphir infuse them all in Brandy especially in such as is made out of Wormwood or Juniper-berries Of this Liquor drink in the morning a spoonful But if thou be of a
Hungarian Sickness and other venomous and infectious Diseases To young People you may give a lesser quantity and proportionably you are to lessen the Dose for Women with Child or in Child bed and little Children Besides take notice of the Powder of Doctor Hessius which hath been used with great benefit and is thus prepared Take a drachm of Sugar-candy a quarter of an ounce of pulverised Ginger and a drachm of Camphir reduce all to a fine Powder give of it to the infected Patient the weight of a drachm in Vinegar mingled with the Water of Marigold flowers Scabious or Sorrel and sweat upon it If you have none of these Waters then look that the Vinegar be not too sharp and to that end dilute it with some Wine and Water Mean time though in this case I highly value Camphir yet in stead of Ginger I would use Zedoary Saxifrage Carlina or Imperatoria or the true Petasites or Butter-burr Again Brimstone is none of the meanest Remedies in these infectious cases for it preserves the Body from Putrefaction Wherefore take of the noble Flowers of Sulphur a quarter of an ounce being sublimed from Colcothar add to it one scruple of Camphir an ounce of the Spirit or Oyl of Cyprian or Venetian Turpentine Put all this into a Glass-head lute it well and put it upon hot Sand or Ashes whereby the Oyl of Turpentine will come to open the Brimstone and produce a red colour like a Ruby or at least as yellow as a high-colour'd Hyacinth Of this give some to the Patient three or four times mingled with a little Treacle or in Sorrel Cardobenedictus or Scabious-water This Balsom is excellent also in sore Breasts that are growing purulent taken in warm broth or in a good Wound-drink But this must be in cases of no great heat or inflammation in which it would be dangerous Amongst all the Remedies which serve against Infectious Diseases that of Henricus Stapedius to be found in my Book de Pestilentia is an excellent one and perhaps the best for curing as well as preserving of which half a spoonful being taken fasting is able to keep a Man well for twelve hours or more But if any be already infected he must take of it at any time immediately to the quantity of a spoonful and an half or two spoonfuls for sweating Which is to be repeated every eighteen or twenty four hours to make the Patient sweat till he recover or till the Pestilential Boyls and Carbuncles break out behind the Ears under the Arms or elsewhere This Water though it be somewhat dear yet its vertue countervails its price The older it grows the more vertue it hath Many have ascribed great efficacy to the Blood of Animals Thus old Democritus witness Galen prepared an Electuary of such Blood called Diathaematôn Some esteem much the Blood of Storks because they eat Toads and Snakes others value the Blood of Hens because they eat Spiders and other venomous Insects I should esteem most the Flesh or Blood of Badgers which is to be dried in the shade and that done you must mix with it Saffron Camphir and some or other of the Anti-pestilential Roots as of Angelica Zedoaria or the like together with a little live Brimstone to the quantity of a ducat which is to be taken in Acetuni of Rue or Marigold-flowers or Walnuts and in case of want of these in common Vinegar Upon which the Patient is to sweat If thou art a good Husband have ready a good Acetum of Rue Walnut-kernels and Marigold-flowers taking the greater quantity of Rue and as you use it fill it up again with Acetum of Elder-berries The Rich do use for their Physick in the time of the Plague the red Hungarian as also the Imperial red and gray Powder Bezoar Harts-horn Antidotum Matthioli Terra Sigillata Bole Armeniack Scorzonera and Contrayerva Species de Gemmis Diamargariton de Hyacintho and other high Medicines of which I have largely discoursed in my above-cited Book De Postilentia But I though I have used such Remedies among the Rich yet I content my self commonly with the plainer and most common Medicines of which I have more knowledge and experience The Pickle of Ebulus or Walwort alias Dane-wort or Dwarf-elder which is of kin to Elder as also the Pickle of Juniper-berries are also of great use in this case The Physicians of Ausburg made great use in the year 1572. of the red Imperial Powder the composition of which is in the Augustan Dispensatory at large as also in my Book de Peste These are the several means to provoke sweat which I esteem to be of great efficacy for that purpose upon a sudden And though Souldiers have not the conveniency of a Bed for sweating when they are in a march and often cannot put off their Cloaths for many nights together yet let them use such sudorifick means for though they cannot sweat outright yet they may fall into a dampish moisture which if it strike not in again may prove as good as a sweat Yet in this case he must turn his Shirt Quod non facit sudor praestat id tenuis udor But here is to be noted that 't is not enough once only to give a sudorifick Medicine to an infected Body considering that the venom like a raging Sea is tossed to and fro every way And though it should seem to thee as if by thy approved Antidote thou hadst overcome the Disease the symptoms of it excepted yet thou art not to trust in this case for I my self have been sometimes deceived and hard put to it to make good what by confidence I had omitted Wherefore you must not trust to the once taking a sudorifick Potion or Powder because such malign and lurking Diseases that keep no stitch do indeed fly the first time from thy Medicament and hide themselves under it but they are wont suddenly to re-appear Wherefore you must repeat the Antidotes that were first administred to you for the time of 16 18 20 or 24 hours according to circumstances and so long and often till you judge your sick Brothers or Friends Heart secured from the infectious Venom When the sweating is over thou must then refresh thy Patient first by drying him well and next by giving him a little Vinegar to taste in a spoon The Rich may afford some slices of Citron of which Theopompus Chius writeth that the Tyrant Clearchus Heracleota who lived in Pontus having poisoned many People the vertue of Citron was at length found out of which a slice being eaten proved an effectual Antidote against it The same vertue may be found in a slice of a common Apple and the Syrupus de Pomis is one of the Cordials of our shops But the thirst that uses to follow upon sweating will not be quenched with so small a matter wherefore take three parts of water one part of Vinegar and if the Patient be not too hot one part of Wine mixing some
the Plague reign not open first a Vein For a violent Cough boil white Turnips well cleansed in common water throw away this first water pour on other water and in it let the Turnips boil till they grow soft Strain this water sweeten it with Sugar or infuse in it Liquorice cut small and drink of it mornings and evenings warm Or make a Decoction of St. Johns bread and drink it abstaining from all four and salt things The bleeding at the Nose is also incident to persons infected which is no good sign though in sound persons it often frees from the Head-ach and cools the Liver If this bleeding be too violent clap Ice-cold water about the Patients Neck or let him put his Pudenda in cold Vinegar CHAP. V. Of the Inflammation of the Tongue its rise and concomitants together with the Remedies WHen the Tongue is inflamed the whole Oesophagus or Weasand is inflamed also and this from beneath upward because the inward fire sends up its smoak all along as it were that chimney which like soot sticks to it drying and blackning the same But there is another Inflammation much more dangerous which taking its rise about the Heart and therefore is call'd the Inflammation of the Heart which proceeds from the great inflammation of the orifice of the Stomach situate near the heart in which is inserted the sixth pair of Nerves which maketh the said orifice very sensible of any pain This part being seized by so great an inflammation which is venomous withal it must in a manner harden and shrink and this heat is of that extent that the inner Membrane of the Stomach that of the Tongue being one and the same what befalls the Stomach the Tongue must needs be sensible of it Whence it comes to pass that if the Gall overflows and passeth into the Stomach the Tongue presently finds the bitterness of it or if the Stomach be full of slime or foul or the like the Tongue is soon affected therewith There is another kind of Inflammation by the Latins called Prunella alba This is of the same kind with the rest but not of the same degree for 't is not of so dry a nature as the others are but commonly is moist yet overlays all the Gums the Throat and the Weasand with such a tough white slime like a kind of Leather and so covers the Almonds with the same that sometimes it can hardly be removed even with Instruments The Tongue is as if it were crusted over with dough the Gums like an Oven that by the heat of fire is burnt white the Almonds cover'd as 't were with white leather and the Palate of the Mouth likewise And in this case if the Patient will speak he lalls and stutters his Tongue being burthen'd with a load of slime or if he make his Tongue wagg the slime spins out like a thred and so invades the Teeth as if they were laid over with varnish And when this varnish on the Teeth grows black as I have often observ'd it to do and drieth on them 't is a mortal sign of which Hyppocrates saith Quibus in febribus livores circumdentes nascuntur his fortes fiunt febres 4. Aph. 53. These are the three sorts of Inflammation for which let us now seek out the Remedies beginning from the last the White This is not to be master'd by gargarisins alone but the hand must be employed also Take therefore Cotton-wooll or Flax and wind it about a stick or rod and dip this in Vinegar and rake his Throat and Gums therewith yet taking care not to make it raw let him gargarise between and wash well his Mouth with Water and Vinegar or Mul-berry-juyce Privet that grows in the hedges or the middle rind of Haw-thorn boiled in Water and a little Vinegar then strained with a little Sal-armoniack put into it is in this case an excellent gargarism but if there be blisters upon the Tongue or elsewhere then take instead of Sal-armoniack a little unburnt Allom and mix it therewith If you can have the Juyce of Turnips or the Juyce of fresh House-leek dissolve therein also a little Sal-armoniack and use it to wet the stick wherewith thou cleansest the Throat of the Patient dipping it often therein and carrying it about the Vvula or Palate of the Mouth and you will see lumps come away as big as Pease The skin is under this Prunella alba fair and red but tender Whilst thou art cleansing the Patients Mouth let him often gargarise with the Waters above-specified and he will clear his Mouth of the loosen'd lumps If thou canst get Mul-berry-juyce mixt with Honey of Roses the Mouth will heal the better for upon this sort of Inflammation there usually follows a Putrefaction of the Mouth and in case thou perceivest any such thing take Wood-sorrel and the above said rind of Haw-thorn make a Decoction of it and put in it a little Allom and often gargarise with it Clean thy Teeth from the slime with Water well sharpned with Vitriol The common Inflammation of the Mouth may be cured with frequent washing of the Mouth taking a gargarism made of House-leek Lettice Night-shade or Self-heal Water mixing a little Honey of Roses and Mul-berry-juyce with it Of this gargarism the Patient is also to swallow a little thereby to moisten the Throat Some take House-leek and beat it and put to a pound of it half an ounce of Sal-armoniack mixing it well together And so they put it for some days in an earthen pot glased under ground then they distill of it a Water in Balneo or in Sand Which is excellent both to drink and to gargarise though the Sal-armoniack make it a little unpleasant But there is nothing better to allay this Inflammation than Niter which is so well known amongst Souldiers that they are wont to give one another Gunpowder to drink which Powder performs this effect not upon the account of the Coals or Brimstone but the Saltpeter For this cause Experienced Physitians and Chirurgeons endeavour to purifie Niter for this use that it may have the greater effect and this they do in manner following They take of the purest Niter they can get as much as they think fit they beat it to a fine powder and melt it in a large Crucible whilst it boils up and foameth they pour into it a little powdered Sulphur and so let it boil together till the blew Sulphur-flame ceaseth then they cast in more fresh Sulphur Which they repeat often and then pour out the Niter into an earthen vessel glased making Lozenges of it of which they put one pulverised into a quart of limpid water and so give the Patient to drink of it as much as he needs to quench his thirst Or they give of this purified Niter to their Patients labouring under this Inflammation the quantity of a ducat or half a ducat weight in Broath or in Ptisan till they find the Tongue cleared of its
them there remains nothing but the bare ragg The Emplastrum Basilicon or the common yellow drawing Plaister is here the most useful You must also surround the Anthrax with good defensives for if it invade the neighbouring part never so little it will soon make a large halo or circle which will at length separate from the sound and fall away like an Escarre For such defensives make use of Album Camphoratum or the Vnguentum de Liquiritia known by our people under the name of Dr. Mindererus his Licorish ointment Item the Vnguentum de Lithargyro or the Vnguentum Jovis prepared of fresh Butter with Thlaspi minus or Bowyers Mustard otherwise narrow-leav'd wild Cresses Cranes-bill Elder Poppy Vervain and some shaved Licorish Some take nothing but Vervain and the fresh leaves of Henbane beaten together and the Juyce strained and so used Of this Ointment you may make much with confidence for it will do you very good service in Inflammations especially in the case of the swelling of the Groins Amongst the approved Medicines for this purpose may deservedly be reckoned the Plaister made of Soot which is thus to be prepared Take of the finest Chimney-soot one ounce and a quarter of Leaven Turpentine and fresh Butter ana one ounce of Venetian Soap an ounce and a half two Yolks of Eggs of Treacle and Mithridate ana a quarter of an ounce Beat all these together in a Mortar and so reduce it to a paste and then use it Plaister-wise When the Anthrax or the Carbuncle is broken you must then handle it very gently and discreetly using only the above-described Egg-salve putting it into the opening and covering the Sore only with the common yellow drawing Plaister or the Plaister prepared of Oyl Wax and Rosin or Turpentine Let the matter work out well and when you are sure that 't is very clean and have a mind to consolidate it make only use of Triapharmacon vulgarly call'd the brown Diachylon you may besides put into it some of the Vnguentum de Tutia and that of the Diapompholox and one of the Plaisters of them upon it The Vlme-plaister also made of Oyl and Ceruse heals also very well But be very careful lest any of the matter remain lurking in the Ulcer If here and there any should be found yet remaining as often happens then make use of the Emplastrum Apostolorum But if you can prepare the Diapalma otherwise called Diacalcithros make use of that I am wont to call it the Fistula-plaister because it doth not easily suffer Fistula's to stink but keeps them clean and sweet Such a Plaister is also that which is called Isis to be found in Galen and performing the same thing They are both to be found in the Augustan Dispensatory together with the way of preparing them Now what concerns Old Sores which many are troubled with in their Leggs especially because the humors of the body usually settle there you must above all things be careful to keep them clean and to that end wash them at least once a day with your own Urine Or boil Carduus benedictus Egrimony Plantain and Roots of Tormentil in half small Meath and half Wine and wash the Ulcer with it as often as you dress it Among the common Plaisters for such evils is the brawn Diachylum one of the best Else you may prepare this Ointment which follows Take the middle rind of Elder and St. Johns-wort boil them in Oyl putting a little Wine to it and so let it boil up till the Wine be boiled away then take it off from the fire and let it cool this done stir a little Turpentine amongst it and a Yolk or two of Eggs according as you make a greater or lesser quantity mixing with it a little Allum and Vitriol the white is the best stir all well together and apply it to the Ulcer and make a bandage and cover it as usually For a good Drawing-plaister take Rosin Bees-wax and Oyl-Olive the quantity of the Rosin must be but the half of the Wax Let them melt together and stir amongst it some Tartar exquisitely powder'd Use not much of fatty things to such Ulcers I have had under my care such Ulcers that were to be healed with only dry things as with strewing in of Crocus Martis and the red Earth of Vitriol of which hereafter For this reason the antient Physicians and Chirurgeons invented a dry Stone which they kept so secret that they called it Lapis Philosophorum which is easily made as followeth Take Allum Hungarian Vitriol of each one pound beat them to powder and mix them well together then put all into a glased earthen pot and pour upon it two quarts of Water boil them together and stir them continually with a Spatula taking off the scum When 't is boiled in put to it an ounce of Bolus Armenus an ounce and a half of Ceruse a quarter of an ounce of Camphir all finely powder'd stirring it well about lastly put it to a quart of sharp Vinegar and boil all together to a stony consistence which reduce to powder and of it strew a little into the Ulcer or let some of it dissolve in a convenient Liquor and wash the Ulcer therewith or dip some Linnen raggs in it and lay it over the place 'T is also prepared this way Take green and white Vitriol of each a drachm of Lapis Calaminaris Ceruse Bol-Armeniack of each two ounces and a half of Sal-Armoniack an ounce Beat them all to powder put them in an earthen pot mingle and stir them together in Vinegar to be a thick pulse then put your pot upon a hot Charcoal-fire to let it grow red hot so as that the matter be reduced to a stony consistence of which dissolve about half an ounce in half a pint of Water dip Linnen raggs into it and put it twice a day upon the Ulcer 'T is also very good for purulent Breasts I was speaking above of Lavements These you may prepare of all sorts of Wound-herbs by boiling Consound Bugle Fluellin Ground-Ivy Yarrow Snake-weed Avens Arsmart you may also against putrefaction and the settling of purulent matter mix sometimes a little Myrrh or Aloes Epatica Frankincense Mastick quick Brimstone Camphir Niter Allum Vitriol or the like Nor is it needful to bind your self to this or that precisely but you may take such of them as you can get I have a peculiar Ulcer-salve which I call Vnguentum Decameron being made of ten sorts of Juices Of these the principal is the Juice of Persicaria Arsmart to which are added the Juices of Groundsel Tobacco Yarrow sharp-pointed Dock Cranes-bill broad and pointed Plantain Centory St. Johns-wort and Celondine These Juices must be well strained and then kept for some days in glasses or glased Vessels to settle and then very gently pour off the clear from the sediment Which done boil them with fresh Butter and some good Licorish newly scraped as also some Tormentil and Cumfrey adding a
consistence which you may try by casting a drop or two of it into cold water this Balsom being to be thinner than an Unguent and yet thicker than Oyl This Balsom heals very speedily especially when used in wounds freshly inflicted on fine pledgets and only with a yellow Tractif bound over it Be also provided with good Plaister for wounds made by Thrusting such as are the Opodeldoch of Theophrastus or the good black Thrust-plaister thus to be prepared Take of Oyl of Roses seven ounces of Colophonium black Pitch white Wax Roman Vitriol Ceruse Frankincense Myrrh ana eight ounces of Mastic one ounce of the Oyl of Eggs two ounces of Spike-oyl one ounce of the Oyl of Juniper-berries three ounces of Mumia two ounces of white Vitriol and red Corals ana two ounces of Heron-suet one ounce of Magnet two ounces of well cleansed Earth-worms pulverised and of Camphir ana one ounce Of all this make a powder secundum artem My Opodeldoch that I make use of is almost like this but that I mix with it the red Earth of the Oyl of Vitriol above spoken of in the matter of Blood-staunching and add also to it Turpentine and Gumm Elemi with some Tutia Aloes epatica well prepared Lapis Calaminaris and Crocus Martis And thus the Plaister becomes red and hard like Spanish Sealing-wax I take also Gummi Ammoniac Galbanum and Opoponax the Oyl of St. Johns-wort and Myrrh This Plaister draws from the bottom and reaches deep A Souldier having this about him and upon occasion working it only to some flatness there being no need of laying it on a cloth may thus put it on the wound taking it off mornings and evenings to wipe it clean and then working it through again lay it on as before And so he may heal himself which when done let him clean the Plaister and role it up in a bladder for another occasion I have seen considerable opperations of Gumm Elemi used alone laid on leather and put upon the thrust but this wound is then to be kept from falling together To prevent incidental heat and inflammation of the wounds make use of the Oyl of Roses Bol Armeniac Whites of Eggs and Camphir But to avoid trouble you may find ready in the Apothecary-shops the Vnguentum album Vnguentum de Minlo Camphoratum de Liguiritia de Lithargyro Santilinum and the like to be put about the wound when dressed You may with great benefit and you ought also especially in the wounds of the Head provided there be no danger of bleeding lay over the bandage some fine raggs moisten'd in wine and well dried again This allays the pain and withall prevents swelling And in case the wound be swelled you may also to good purpose make use of Fomentations made of the herb and flowers of Mullein Betony Egrimony Cowslips Camomil Melilot Ground-Ivy red Roses Bugle and the like But beware of all hot things whatever they be Boil the aforesaid herbs or the like in half wine and water but if the wound be not inflamed take two parts of wine and one of water With such fomentations I have done much good among others upon a Fencing-Master of Nurenberg called Cameysen who in the publick Fencing-school received thrusts in both his Eyes insomuch that by reason of the great swelling that ensued thereupon he lost all his sight but by the use of such fomentations God blessing the means I recover'd his sight A Bone being broken set it carefully and bind it up strongly having laid upon it Oxycroceum or Emplastrum de pelle Arietina You may also comfort such wounds with the like fomentations as before described On the bank of the Rhine is found a Stone in the gravel call'd Lapis sabulosus which is easily reducible to powder Of this if you can get it give to the Patient whose bone is broken a drachm to be taken in broath mornings of which he will find a very good effect In the case of a Limb wrenched clap to it Bran boiled in wine sometimes according to occasion mixing with it a little Salt and Marshmallows or red Hounds-tongue-salve If it have happened long ago then make a pulse of Wheaten-flower Milk and the Oyl of Camomil or Mullein mixing a little Saffron with it and clap it on hot If there be any collection or coagulation of blood the Unguent of Hounds-tongue will do well together with a linnen compress moistened in warm wine You must also be provided with good Wound-drinks but they must be prepared diversly according to the several places wounded Thus in the wounds of the Head Betony challenges the pre-eminence and the greatest quantity of all the Vulnerary Herbs In the wounds of the Sides Carduus Benedictus claims that right in the wounds of the Breast Veronica or Speedwell ought to have it in those about the Kidneys the Herb Strawberry must be preferred in those near the Liver Agrimony will have the precedency and so forth Mean time the Vulnerary Herbs to be used in such occasions are these Sanicle Winter-green Ladies-mantle Speedwell Orpine Mugwort Ground-Ivy Straw-berry-leaves Agrimony St. Johns-wort Cinquefoil Bugle Tormentil Snakeweed Avens Woodrooff c. You may make an excellent Wound-drink of these four Ingredients viz. Winter-green Orpine Mugwort and Snakeweed boiled in half Wine and Water but in case there be an Inflammation Wine is to be forborn or very little of it to be employed If any Bone be broken into splinters do not pull them out with any violence but loosen them with a good Ointment of Eggs keeping the wound open the longer Nature her self will not suffer any splinter to remain behind Now you must be ready with some good thing for Blood coagulated in case any person should have been flung down squeezed beaten or fallen from a high place The right powder for this purpose is thus made Take of Terra Sagillata or Bol-Armeniack Sanguis Draconis and Mumia ana half an ounce of Sperma Ceti and Rhubarb ana half a drachm reduce it to a powder of which give the Patient the weight of about a ducat in Wine or chervil-Chervil-water Or take a good quantity of Chervil boil it in Meath or Flesh-broath and let the Patient drink a good draught of it warm three times a day Or let him drink a Thimble-full of Sperma Ceti in Beer adding a little Butter to it Or take of Mumia half an ounce or Sperma Ceti two drachms of Oculi Cancrorum of which the blew ones which sometimes fall from Crafishes whilst alive are the best three drachms adding to it a little Licorish and Cinnamon and some Tormentil Roots Of this pulverised give every day to the Patient mornings and evenings the weight of about half a ducat and by this means you will expel purulent matter and blood and bony splinters and sometimes even bullets lurking in the flesh not omitting other good Wound-drinks and vulnerary Balsoms Plaisters Ointments and Fomentations Again take of the red Hounds-tongue
and white Wax and melt them over the fire yet so as that you melt the Wax by it self and add of it no more to the rest than to make it a thin plaister Into this compound you must dip some fine lint and you 'l find it very useful for any angry part as also when one limb presses or otherwise incommodes another as happens in hydropical and other swollen people whose belly so sinks down that the thighs suffer by it in which case such lints are to be put between the parts to keep them from immediately touching and pressing one another A grangrene is cured with Sal-armoniac boiled in Urine especially in that of the Patient and clapping such Urine upon the part affected The quantity of the Sal-armoniac may be six drachms For frozen Feet take Gander-suet and Deer-suet dissolve them together and pour them into a white excavated Turnip and expose this for a while to the Air Rain Wind Hoar-frost Snow according as the season shall be Then mince the Turnip and fry it in the same Suet which you had poured into it that done squeeze it out and let the fat fall upon cold water and being there brought to consistence take it off and bring it over the helm from burned Wine and decant this carefully from it again and 't is duely prepared You may also recover frozen Feet with white rotten Turnips beaten with Butter or Tallow and so clapt on CHAP. X. Of several promiscuous Medical Practices for the Service of the honest Souldier THis Chapter I have annexed to the former as an Appendix for the ease and good of Souldiers wherein some things will occurr not inferiour to those that have preceded But herein I have kept no order but set them down promiscuously yet faithfully to supply what may have been omitted before If you be troubled with the Tooth-ach coming from the cold in winter take the root of Pyrethrum Pellitory of Spain and boil it in Vinegar and hold this Vinegar warm in your mouth and it will draw out the phlegm that causes the pain Or take the root of Elder boil it in half Wine and half Water and hold it warm upon the Teeth But what you take of this Decoction must be often spit out and other fresh taken into you mouth of which I have found wonderful Effects The root of Heath boiled together with the same herb in wine and laid on is esteem'd to be powerful in drawing out thorns and splinters You may make a good Ointment against the Itch and Scabs of Savin stale Fat Brimstone and Juniper-berries Oyl If your Limbs after long sickness be weak boil Valerian-roots in Camomil-oyl and anoint such Limbs therewith Also the Oyl of Lillies in the valley and that of yellow Violets is good for the same purpose For worms in the Fingers bruise Parsicaria Arsmart and lay it on or take of a Piggs Bladder of Gall and put it on the affected Finger like a Thimble If you have any coagulated or congealed blood in your Breast make a Decoction of Scabious Chervil and Germander in two parts of wine one part of water and strain it and drink of it mornings and evenings Against the putrefaction of the Mouth make a Decoction of Privet in water adding afterwards a little Allum to it and use it for a gargarism Also a Decoction of the middle rind of Hawthorn with a little Allum is of great effect in the same case Cabbage and Colewort-leaves burnt to ashes and a Lixivium made of it and clapp'd on cureth a Gangrene and the wild Fire especially if you mingle a little Oyl of Elder therewith If you can have no Elder-blossoms for this Oyl take the green middle rind of Elder and boil it in Oyl Olive and then strain the Oyl which done take fresh rind of Elder and proceed with it as before repeating it three or four times to make the Oyl the stronger You may add a little wine to it whilst 't is boiling but that must all boil away and so long till the Oyl cracks no more in the fire Southern-wood stamped with grease and laid on draweth out splinters If you have the Itch or are scabby and can light upon some water standing in the hollowness of a Beech-tree wash your self with it Or make a Decoction of the brown rind of Alder which is under the gray in Butter and anoint your self with it mixing if you will a little Brimstone therewith If you be troubled with the Ring-worm or any running Scab infuse Litharge in Vinegar and let it stand a night infused or make a Decoction of the same in Vinegar But your pain or vessel must be of brass This Vinegar mingle with Oyl of Elder or of Roses or the like and it will become a fine gray Salve curing such running Scabs as aforesaid and cooling also Inflammations If your Body be bound take Sage pulverised and mix it with grease and anoint your Navil with the quantity of a hasel-nut of it This I have with very good success advised to women in child-bed that were thus bound and obstructed If you will have it stronger mix with it the Gall of a Fish or of any Animal whatsoever but then you must not give it to a woman in child-bed Gromel by the Latins call'd Milium Solis pulverised and the weight of half a ducat of it taken in wine or broath provoketh urine yet must the belly be open'd first The same doth Linaria or Toad-flax boiled in wine or broath Likewise distilled water of Radishes repeating the distillation several times from other fresh Radishes Which will have the better effect if the Patient bath his lower parts in a bath made of Marsh-mallows Melilot and the like Gromel above-mention'd taken in warm broath expels the birth And so do the blossoms or buds of Walnut-trees Crabs-eyes also pulverised and taken in warm broath likewise Issop boiled in wine and drank warm This I have inserted for the sake of poor Souldiers-wives who amongst us often follow the Camp If they have any great After-pains let them bath their lower parts in a Bath made of Dill and Camomil-flowers And the yolks of hard Eggs beaten together with some convenient Oyl Nut-oyl is the best and a Plaister made of it and laid to the belly is also very good If they have too great a profusion of blood let them take a drachm of burnt Harts-horn and burnt Ivory in a convenient Vehicle In case of a mortal wound take of pure Turpentine four ounces wash it with fresh limpid water and then dissolve it over a mild fire which done mix with it two ounces or two ounces and an half of white Wax dissolved apart To this add about three ounces of Womans milk which is sucked by a Boy The Turpentine and Wax being somewhat cooled together must be well stirr'd and then poured on cold Vinegar whence when 't is brought to a consistence it is to be taken off and made into a Plaister and so laid
oftentimes wholly cures the King's-Evil Take Oyl of Myrtles and Bayes of each half an ounce Ointment of Martiaton an ounce Quicksilver extinct with Flower of Brimstone six drams Make it into an Ointment Let the Scrophula be annointed with it twice a day and if they are not consumed at least they will be diminished but the Chirurgeon must look into the Patient's Mouth each day lest upon the continual use of Mercury there follows a Flux which causes a swelling of the Tongue and Jaws The Plaister of Frogs with Mercury is likewise good here Or Take Gum-Caranna an ounce crude Mercury extinct in Turpentine three drams Make a Plaister If the Tumor he painful there may be added to this Plaister a dram of Opium which hath the virtue of resolving and easing pain and is not cold but hot Suppurating Medicines are set down in the second Chapter and Corrosive in the foregoing Chapter In Suppurated and open Scrophulaes this Ligament is much esteemed Take Oyl of Bayes Ceruse powdered and allayed with Aqua-vitae of each an ounce Roch-Allom half an ounce Salt two drams Make it into an Ointment CHAP. XI Of a Bubo BUbo is a Tumor besides Nature of the Glandules from impure Blood Red Painful and hard Difference Where little and not painful and easily brought to Suppuration 't is called Phyma but where there is more of Choler in it Phygeton in the Arm-pits Panus behind the Ears Parotis The one Malign or Pestilential the other not sometimes contracted from unchaste Embraces then 't is called a Venereal Bubo Cause is Blood never alone but always mixt with some other preternatural Humor Signs are Redness about the Glandules pain heat tension hardness pulsation and sometimes a Fever The Liver and Spleen according to the opinion of the Ancients discharge themselves into the Groins the Breast and Heart at the Arm-pits the Brain at the Glandules of the Ear but now far other use is attributed to the Glandules Of which there are several Tracts written and we shall give our Opinion in another place Prognosticks The Bubo that is not Malign is not dangerous except it be long discussing or suppurating and then fear lest it Fistulate In the Arm-pits it is sooner brought to maturity than in the Groins and here sooner than behind the Ears On the contrary a Malign is for the most part a sign of sudden Death although all outward signs may appear well The Venereal is not mortal but of hard Cure and for the most part precedes the Pox chiefly when by Bleeding or the use of repelling Medicines the Matter is returned from the External into Internal parts Cure Diet the same as in a Phlegmon In a Benign Purging is necessary provided it be not with too strong Medicines Bleeding except a great Fever or a Plethora require I admit no more of it here than of Repellent Medicines for 't is unseemly that Natures Assister should return that into the interior parts which Nature her self did eject which for the most part is Critical Sweating in all Buboes profits much Scarification hath no place here except in Malignant nor Leeches but where very much inflamed The External Cure is to be managed so that the Humor may be dissipated with Resolvents which by reason of the frigidity of the Glandules are required the stronger adding also Attractives to them for in all I suspect lest the Matter be not perfectly thrown forth But in a painful Bubo 't is first necessary to ease the pain before you come to any other Medicines In extream Pain Take Musilages of the Seeds of Flea-wort an ounce and half the Yolk of an Egg Saffron a dram fresh Butter half an ounce Make it into a Liniment Or Take Leaves of Mallows an handful Meal of Marsh-Mallow Roots and Fenugreek-seeds of each two ounces Barley-meal an ounce Ducks-grease Oyl of Dill of each half an ounce Boil them in Milk to the consistence of a Cataplasm Resolvents are above described Attractives shall be presently set down If it yield not to discussion Suppuration is to be endeavoured which is of all the safest Method Being suppurated let it forthwith be opened but rather by Incision than Cautery And so let it be kept opened until the whole Tumor be dissolved In Children for the most part we commit it wholly to Nature only prescribing a good Diet and forbidding the often touch of the part affected with the hands or we apply the Plaister of Diachilon or of Musilages 't is also often cured by the only using of Oyl of Olives Rape Camomil or white Lillies In a Pestilential Bubo neither Bleeding or Purging whatsoever others say must be used Sudorificks and Refrigeratives are convenient outwardly Attractives in the beginning are necessary Attractives Roots of Aron Briony Birthwort Pellitory of Spain Dittany Cresses Virgins-Flower Leeks Nettles Garlick Onions Figs Mustard Gums Galbanum Ammoniacum Euphorbium Succinum Cantharides Castor Ox gall Pigeons grease and Goats-dung Quick-Lime Nitre Brimstone Leaven Black-sope Plaisters of Diachilon Oxicroceum Thereacle Mithridate Take Roots of Marsh-mallows an ounce Onions two ounces Elder and Camomil-Flowers of each a pugil Figs N o xij Fenugreek-meal two ounces Pigeons-dung two drams Thereacle three drams Make a Cataplasm Or Take Roots of Pellitory of Spain Mustard-seed of each two scruples Salt two drams Treacle three drams Gum Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar as much as sufficeth to make a Plaister Many take a Hen or Frog divided in the midst and apply them warm to the affected Part often changing them Some apply to the Part the Breech of a live Hen or Pigeon the Feathers being pulled off Others take away all by Incision which is very dangerous and not to be permitted But they proceed best who forthwith in the very beginning apply a Vesicatory to the Bubo then the following Morning or Evening open the Blister and afterwards dressing it with Attractives This is of great Use and of much Esteem Take the Plaister of Diachilon with Gums of Musilages of each half a pound Ointment of Basilicon four ounces Mustard-seed three ounces Make a Plaister More of the Cure of a Bubo look in our Description of the Plague In a Venereal Bubo you must neither Bleed nor Purge as long as there remains any hope of Curing it by External Remedies lest the Malignant Humors which Nature threw out should be returned again into the Body and so occasion the Pox But Suppuration is to be endeavoured by all means and the Suppurated Tumor forthwith yea although the Matter be not perfectly concocted is to be opened if it is tough as for the most part it is Attractives are to be applied especially Cupping-Glasses they not being sufficient when the whole Mass of Blood is infected the Cure of the Pox is to be prescribed often using this following Decoction Take Roots of China Sarsaparilla of each three ounces Polipody an ounce Bark of Guaicum three ounces Senna two ounces Agarick Trochiscatum two drams Cinamon two drams Infuse in a sufficient