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water_n ounce_n put_v strain_v 3,543 5 10.9000 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A29003 New experiments physico-mechanicall, touching the spring of the air, and its effects (made, for the most part, in a new pneumatical engine) : written by way of letter to the Right Honorable Charles, Lord Vicount of Dungarvan, eldest son to the Earl of Corke / by the Honorable Robert Boyle, Esq. Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691. 1660 (1660) Wing B3998; ESTC R19421 166,271 430

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a_o barleycorn_n in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o so_o attain_v by_o degree_n to_o a_o considerable_a height_n above_o the_o mark_n former_o mention_v and_o at_o length_n to_o make_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o water_n more_o evident_a the_o outward_a air_n be_v sudden_o let_v in_o and_o the_o water_n immediate_o subside_v and_o desert_v all_o the_o space_n it_o have_v new_o gain_v in_o the_o glass_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n it_o will_v not_o perhaps_o be_v amiss_o to_o acquaint_v your_o lordship_n here_o though_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v it_o in_o another_o paper_n to_o another_o purpose_n with_o another_o expedient_a that_o we_o make_v use_v of_o two_o or_o three_o year_n ago_o to_o try_v whether_o or_o no_o water_n have_v a_o spring_n in_o it_o about_o that_o time_n then_o that_o great_a and_o learned_a promoter_n of_o experimental_a philosophy_n dr._n wilkins_n do_v i_o the_o honour_n to_o come_v himself_o and_o bring_v some_o of_o his_o inquisitive_a friend_n 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the_o organ_n and_o to_o the_o objection_n to_o which_o i_o foresee_v this_o guess_n to_o be_v liable_a namely_o that_o no_o heat_n intervening_a there_o appear_v nothing_o that_o shall_v raise_v the_o water_n into_o exhalation_n and_o give_v they_o a_o impulse_n i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o motion_n alone_o if_o vehement_a enough_o may_v without_o sensible_a heat_n suffice_v to_o break_v water_n into_o very_a minute_n part_n and_o make_v they_o ascend_v upward_o if_o they_o can_v not_o where_o else_o more_o easy_o continue_v their_o agitation_n for_o i_o remember_v that_o travel_v betwixt_o lion_n and_o geneva_n i_o see_v not_o very_o far_o out_o of_o the_o way_n a_o place_n where_o the_o river_n of_o rhone_n come_v sudden_o to_o be_v streighten_v betwixt_o two_o rock_n so_o near_o each_o other_o that_o a_o man_n may_v if_o my_o memory_n fail_v i_o not_o stand_v astride_v upon_o both_o at_o once_o that_o rapid_a stream_n dash_v with_o great_a impetuosity_n against_o its_o 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be_v not_o above_o a_o inch_n and_o ●_o half_n in_o diameter_n yet_o the_o weight_n keep_v up_o by_o suction_n or_o rather_o support_v by_o the_o air_n namely_o the_o valve_n the_o seal_n and_o what_o be_v cast_v into_o it_o be_v send_v to_o be_v weigh_v amount_v to_o about_o ten_o of_o our_o common_a pound_n consist_v of_o sixteen_o ounce_n apiece_o so_o that_o we_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o have_v the_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o favourable_a circumstance_n the_o air_n endeavour_v to_o press_v in_o at_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n will_v have_v keep_v a_o very_a much_o great_a weight_n from_o fall_v out_o of_o it_o i_o say_v the_o air_n because_o we_o find_v by_o trial_n purposely_o make_v that_o neither_o the_o imperfect_a contact_n of_o the_o valve_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n nor_o the_o diachylon_n that_o be_v employ_v to_o fill_v up_o the_o little_a cranny_n leave_v betwixt_o they_o be_v considerable_a in_o this_o experiment_n by_o which_o may_v among_o other_o 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hundred_o ounce_n i_o say_v even_o in_o our_o climate_n 648._o aere_fw-la frigido_fw-la existente_fw-la ta●dius_fw-la moventur_fw-la automata_n quam_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ca●ido_fw-la adeo_fw-la quidem_fw-la ut_fw-la automaton_fw-gr quod_fw-la bel●●e_fw-la i●_n no●a_fw-fr zembla_n agent●s_v in_o aedibus_fw-la 〈…〉_o omnino_fw-la 〈…〉_o varenius_n geo_n genevat_fw-la lib._n 111._o propo_fw-it 7._o pag._n 648._o because_o that_o be_v temperate_a enough_o and_o as_o far_o as_o my_o observation_n assist_v i_o to_o conjecture_v the_o air_n in_o many_o other_o more_o northern_a country_n may_v be_v much_o thick_a and_o able_a to_o support_v a_o great_a weight_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v of_o if_o there_o be_v no_o mistake_n in_o what_o be_v record_v concern_v the_o hollander_n that_o be_v force_v by_o the_o ice_n to_o winter_n in_o nova_n zembla_n namely_o that_o they_o find_v there_o so_o condense_v a_o air_n that_o they_o can_v not_o make_v their_o clock_n go_v even_o by_o a_o very_a 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in_o all_o motion_n there_o be_v necessary_o a_o circle_n of_o body_n as_o they_o speak_v move_v together_o and_o whether_o the_o circle_n in_o such_o motion_n be_v a_o accidental_a or_o consequential_a thing_n or_o no._n 34._o experiment_n 34._o it_o be_v a_o know_a thing_n to_o those_o that_o be_v convesant_fw-mi in_o the_o hydrostaticks_n that_o two_o body_n which_o in_o the_o air_n be_v of_o equal_a weight_n but_o of_o unequal_a bulk_n as_o gold_n for_o instance_n and_o iron_n be_v afterward_o weigh_v in_o water_n will_v lose_v their_o aequilibrium_fw-la upon_o the_o change_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la body_n so_o that_o the_o gold_n will_v sink_v low_a than_o the_o iron_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o great_a bulk_n have_v more_o water_n to_o lift_v or_o displace_v that_o it_o may_v sink_v by_o analogy_n to_o this_o experiment_n it_o seem_v probable_a that_o if_o two_o weight_n do_v in_o our_o engine_n balance_v each_o other_o when_o the_o glass_n be_v full_a of_o air_n upon_o 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the_o juncture_n there_o be_v settle_v a_o round_a whitish_a spot_n or_o two_o which_o at_o first_o we_o think_v may_v be_v some_o stain_n upon_o the_o glass_n but_o after_o find_v it_o to_o be_v in_o divers_a quality_n like_o the_o oil_n and_o salt_n of_o the_o concrete_a we_o be_v distil_v we_o begin_v to_o suspect_v that_o the_o most_o subtle_a and_o fugitive_a part_n of_o the_o impetuous_o ascend_v steam_n have_v penetrate_v the_o substance_n as_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o glass_n and_o by_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v condense_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o and_o though_o we_o be_v very_o backward_o to_o credit_v this_o suspicion_n and_o therefore_o call_v in_o a_o ingenious_a person_n or_o two_o both_o to_o assist_v we_o in_o the_o observation_n and_o have_v witness_v of_o its_o event_n we_o continue_v a_o while_n long_o to_o watch_v the_o escape_n of_o such_o unctuous_a fume_n and_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n unanimous_o conclude_v that_o all_o thing_n 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parcel_n of_o interspersed_a air_n whereof_o it_o seem_v not_o impossible_a that_o fish_n may_v make_v some_o use_n either_o by_o separate_v it_o when_o they_o strain_v the_o water_n through_o their_o gills_o or_o by_o some_o other_o way_n the_o other_o what_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o take_v a_o large_a eel_n be_v able_a to_o procure_v no_o other_o fish_n alive_a and_o remove_v it_o out_o of_o the_o vessel_n of_o water_n wherein_o it_o be_v bring_v we_o into_o our_o great_a receiver_n we_o cause_v the_o air_n to_o be_v pump_v out_o and_o observe_v that_o the_o eel_n after_o some_o motion_n to_o and_o fro_o in_o the_o glass_n seem_v somewhat_o discomposed_a and_o that_o when_o we_o have_v prosecute_v the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n somewhat_o obstinate_o she_o turn_v up_o her_o belly_n as_o die_a fish_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v and_o from_o thenceforward_a lay_n altogether_o moveless_a just_a as_o if_o she_o be_v stark_o dead_a and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o think_v she_o so_o yet_o the_o continue_v in_o that_o posture_n even_o after_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v take_v off_o whereby_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o i_o shoul●_n have_v be_v of_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o by_o stander_n if_o the_o diffidence_n i_o be_o wont_a to_o exercise_v in_o try_v experiment_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v not_o usual_a have_v not_o invite_v i_o to_o take_v the_o fish_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n upon_o which_o she_o show_v herself_o by_o her_o vivid_n motion_n as_o much_o alive_a as_o before_o but_o that_o be_v most_o strange_a which_o we_o observe_v of_o a_o great_a g●ay_o house_n snail_n as_o they_o call_v it_o which_o be_v close_v up_o in_o one_o of_o our_o small_a receiver_n do_v not_o only_o not_o fall_v down_o from_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n upon_o the_o drawing-out_a of_o the_o air_n for_o that_o may_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o tenacity_n of_o the_o liquor_n wherewith_o s●●il_n use_v to_o stick_v themselves_o even_o to_o the_o smooth_a body_n but_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o deprive_v of_o progressive_a motion_n by_o the_o recess_n of_o the_o air_n though_o except_o this_o snail_n we_o never_o put_v any_o live_a creature_n into_o our_o receiver_n who_o it_o do_v not_o either_o kill_v or_o at_o least_o reduce_v to_o seem_v ready_a to_o die_v but_o as_o we_o shall_v not_o here_o examine_v what_o interest_n the_o glutinous_a and_o uneasy_o dissipable_a nature_n of_o the_o juice_n of_o snail_n may_v have_v on_o this_o event_n so_o whether_o this_o escape_n of_o our_o eel_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o particular_a and_o vivacious_a nature_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o fish_n or_o to_o this_o that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o indeed_o necessary_a to_o the_o life_n of_o fish_n or_o final_o to_o this_o that_o though_o these_o animal_n need_v some_o air_n yet_o they_o need_v so_o little_a that_o that_o which_o can_v not_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n may_v at_o least_o for_o a_o while_n suffice_v they_o we_o will_v not_o now_o determine_v nor_o be_v we_o at_o leisure_n to_o examine_v that_o paradox_n of_o hypocrates_n which_o some_o learned_a physician_n have_v of_o late_o revive_v namely_o that_o the_o foetus_fw-la respire_v in_o the_o womb_n for_o on_o the_o one_o side_n it_o seem_v very_o difficult_a to_o conceive_v how_o air_n shall_v traverse_v the_o body_n of_o the_o mother_n and_o the_o tegument_n of_o the_o child_n and_o since_o nature_n have_v in_o newborn_a babe_n contrive_v peculiar_a and_o temporary_a vessel_n that_o the_o blood_n may_v circulate_v through_o other_o passage_n than_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v in_o the_o same_o individual_n when_o they_o come_v to_o have_v the_o free_a use_n of_o their_o lung_n it_o seem_v unlikely_a th●t_a infant_n in_o the_o womb_n do_v proper_o respire_v but_o then_o since_o our_o experiment_n have_v manifest_v that_o almost_o all_o kind_n of_o liquor_n do_v as_o well_o as_o water_n abound_v with_o interspersed_a corpuscle_n of_o air_n it_o seem_v not_o altogether_o absurd_a to_o say_v that_o when_o the_o foetus_fw-la be_v grow_v big_a he_o may_v especial_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o involving_a amnio_n be_v destitute_a of_o liquor_n and_o fill_v only_o with_o a_o halituous_a substance_n exercise_v some_o obscure_a respiration_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v not_o as_o many_o wise_a man_n think_v it_o a_o fable_n that_o child_n have_v be_v hear_v to_o cry_v in_o the_o mother_n womb._n for_o though_o it_o happen_v exceed_v rare_o yet_o sometime_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v and_o i_o know_v a_o young_a lady_n who_o friend_n when_o she_o be_v some_o year_n since_o with_o child_n complain_v to_o i_o that_o she_o be_v several_a time_n much_o fright_v with_o the_o cry_v of_o her_o infant_n
themselves_o such_o than_o it_o be_v whilst_o the_o wont_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n continue_v unremoved_a it_o may_v indeed_o be_v suspect_v that_o those_o vast_a &_o numerous_a bubble_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o action_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la upon_o the_o coral_n but_o from_o the_o sudden_a emersion_n of_o those_o many_o little_a parcel_n of_o air_n that_o as_o we_o former_o observe_v be_v wont_a to_o be_v disperse_v in_o liquor_n without_o exclude_v spirit_n of_o vinegar_n but_o have_v have_v this_o suspicion_n before_o we_o try_v the_o experiment_n we_o convey_v our_o distil_a vinager_n alone_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o keep_v it_o awhile_o there_o to_o free_v it_o from_o its_o bubble_n which_o be_v but_o very_o small_a before_o ever_o we_o put_v the_o coral_n into_o it_o it_o may_v be_v suspect_v likewise_o that_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o liquor_n necessary_a follow_v upon_o the_o shake_n of_o the_o glass_n by_o pump_v may_v occasion_v the_o recite_v ebullition_n but_o upon_o trial_n make_v there_o appear_v not_o any_o notable_a change_n in_o the_o liquor_n or_o its_o operation_n though_o the_o contain_v vessel_n be_v shake_v provide_v no_o air_n be_v suck_v out_o of_o it_o the_o former_a experiment_n be_v another_o time_n try_v in_o another_o small_a receiver_n with_o coral_n gross_o powder_v and_o the_o success_n be_v very_o much_o alike_o scarce_o differ_v in_o any_o thing_n but_o that_o the_o coral_n be_v reduce_v to_o small_a part_n upon_o the_o ebullition_n of_o the_o liquor_n so_o many_o little_a lump_n of_o coral_n will_v be_v carry_v &_o buoy_z up_o by_o the_o emerge_a bubble_n as_o sometime_o to_o darken_v the_o viol_n though_o the_o same_o coralline_a corpuscle_n will_v be_v let_v fall_n again_o upon_o the_o let_n in_o of_o the_o air._n something_o also_o we_o try_v in_o our_o great_a receiver_n concern_v the_o solution_n of_o metal_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o other_o corrosive_a liquor_n but_o partly_o the_o stink_n and_o partly_o some_o accident_n keep_v we_o from_o observe_v any_o thing_n peculiar_a &_o remarkable_a about_o those_o solution_n one_o thing_n we_o must_v not_o omit_v that_o when_o the_o spirit_n of_o vinager_n be_v boil_v upon_o the_o coral_n we_o take_v off_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n and_o take_v out_o the_o viol_n but_o can_v not_o find_v that_o notwithstanding_o so_o very_o late_a a_o ebullition_n the_o liquor_n have_v any_o heat_n great_a enough_o to_o be_v at_o all_o sensible_a to_o our_o hand_n 43._o experiment_n 43._o we_o will_v now_o subjoin_v a_o experiment_n which_o if_o the_o former_a do_v not_o lessen_v the_o wonder_n of_o it_o will_v probable_o appear_v very_o strange_a to_o your_o lordship_n as_o it_o do_v to_o the_o first_o spectator_n of_o it_o the_o experiment_n be_v this_o we_o cause_v water_n to_o be_v boil_v a_o pretty_a while_n that_o by_o the_o heat_n it_o may_v be_v free_v from_o the_o latitant_fw-la air_n so_o often_o already_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o common_a water_n then_o almost_o fill_v with_o it_o a_o glass_n viol._n capable_a of_o contain_v near_o four_o ounce_n of_o that_o liquor_n we_o convey_v it_o while_o the_o water_n be_v yet_o hot_a into_o one_o of_o our_o small_a receiver_n big_a enough_o to_o hold_v about_o a_o pound_n of_o water_n and_o have_v lute_v on_o the_o cover_n we_o cause_v the_o air_n to_o be_v draw_v out_o upon_o the_o two_o first_o exsuction_n there_o scarce_o appear_v any_o change_n in_o the_o liquor_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o notable_a alteration_n make_v by_o the_o three_o but_o at_o the_o four_o and_o afterward_o the_o water_n appear_v to_o boil_v in_o the_o viol_n as_o if_o it_o have_v stand_v over_o a_o very_a quick_a fire_n for_o the_o bubble_n be_v much_o great_a than_o be_v usual_o find_v upon_o the_o ebullition_n of_o very_a much_o more_o water_n than_o be_v contain_v in_o our_o viol._n and_o this_o effervescence_n be_v so_o great_a in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n that_o the_o liquor_n boil_v over_o the_o top_n of_o the_o neck_n a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o it_o run_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o sometime_o continue_v though_o more_o languid_o boil_v there_o prosecute_a this_o experiment_n we_o observe_v that_o sometime_o after_o the_o first_o ebullition_n we_o be_v reduce_v to_o make_v divers_a exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n before_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v bring_v to_o boil_v again_o but_o at_o other_o time_n as_o often_o as_o the_o key_n be_v turn_v to_o let_v the_o air_n pass_v from_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o pump_n the_o effervescence_n will_v begin_v afresh_o though_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v for_o a_o pretty_a while_n together_o which_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o the_o boil_a of_o the_o water_n proceed_v from_o hence_o that_o upon_o the_o withdraw_a the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a air_n either_o the_o fiery_a corpuscle_n or_o rather_o the_o vapour_n agitate_a by_o the_o heat_n in_o the_o water_n which_o last_o what_o we_o have_v former_o note_v touch_v the_o rarefy_a water_n of_o a_o aeolipile_n manifest_a to_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o elastical_a power_n be_v permit_v to_o expand_v themselves_o mighty_o in_o the_o evacuated_a receiver_n and_o do_v in_o their_o tumultuous_fw-la dilatio_fw-la lift_v up_o as_o the_o air_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o turn_v it_o into_o bubble_n make_v the_o water_n appear_v boil_v this_o conjecture_n be_v further_o confirm_v by_o these_o additional_a circumstance_n first_o the_o effervescence_n be_v confine_v to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n the_o low_a remain_v quiet_a unless_o the_o liquor_n be_v but_o shallow_a next_o although_o sometime_o as_o be_v already_o note_v the_o ebullition_n begin_v again_o after_o it_o have_v cease_v a_o pretty_a while_n which_o seem_v to_o infer_v that_o some_o concurrent_a cause_n whatever_o that_o be_v do_v a_o little_a modify_v the_o operation_n of_o heat_n yet_o when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o viol_n can_v by_o no_o pump_v be_v bring_v to_o boil_v any_o more_o the_o selfsame_a water_n be_v in_o the_o very_a same_o viol_n warm_v again_o and_o reconvey_v into_o the_o pneumatical_a glass_n be_v quick_o bring_v to_o boil_v afresh_o and_o that_o vehement_o and_o long_o enough_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o a_o new_a parcel_n take_v out_o of_o the_o same_o parcel_n of_o the_o boil_a water_n with_o the_o former_a and_o put_v in_o cold_a can_v by_o no_o pump_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o least_o show_n of_o effervescence_n beside_o have_v try_v this_o experiment_n in_o hot_a salad_n oil_n be_v a_o much_o more_o tenacious_a liquor_n and_o require_v a_o strong_a heat_n to_o make_v it_o boil_v can_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o effervescence_n in_o our_o reciver_n whereas_o the_o chemical_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v thin_a and_o more_o volatile_a be_v present_o make_v to_o boil_v up_o till_o it_o reach_v four_o or_o five_o time_n its_o former_a height_n in_o the_o viol_n in_o who_o bottom_n it_o lay_v and_o continue_v boil_v till_o it_o be_v almost_o reduce_v to_o be_v but_o lukewarm_a wine_n also_o be_v a_o more_o thin_a and_o spirituous_a liquor_n than_o water_n be_v convey_v in_o hot_a instead_o of_o the_o oil_n do_v as_o i_o remember_v at_o the_o very_a first_o exsuction_n begin_v to_o boil_v so_o vehement_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n that_o the_o pump_n be_v keep_v move_v four_o part_n of_o five_o by_o our_o guess_n boil_v over_o out_o of_o the_o viol_n though_o it_o have_v a_o pretty_a long_a neck_n on_o which_o occasion_n we_o will_v add_v that_o even_o the_o water_n itself_o near_o one_o half_a will_v sometime_o boil_v over_o into_o the_o receiver_n before_o it_o become_v lukewarm_a and_o it_o be_v also_o remarkable_a that_o once_o when_o the_o air_n have_v be_v draw_v out_o the_o liquor_n do_v upon_o a_o single_a exsuction_n boil_v so_o long_o with_o prodigious_o vast_a bubble_n that_o the_o effervescence_n last_v almost_o as_o long_o as_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o rehearse_n of_o a_o pater_fw-la noster_fw-la now_o the_o experiment_n have_v be_v try_v more_o than_o once_o and_o find_v to_o succeed_v as_o to_o the_o main_a seem_v much_o to_o countenance_v the_o conjecture_n we_o make_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o letter_n where_o we_o tell_v your_o lordship_n that_o perhaps_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n may_v have_v a_o interest_n in_o more_o phaenomena_n then_o man_n have_v hitherto_o think_v for_o as_o we_o have_v not_o then_o make_v this_o experiment_n so_o now_o we_o have_v make_v it_o it_o seem_v to_o teach_v that_o the_o air_n by_o its_o strong_a or_o weak_a pressure_n may_v very_o much_o modify_v as_o the_o schoolman_n speak_v divers_a of_o the_o operation_n of_o that_o vehement_a and_o tumultuous_a agitation_n of_o the_o small_a part_n of_o body_n