the hair and it will make it grow long and soft use it often VIII To preserve the hair from splitting at ends Anoint the ends thereof with oil Omphacine or oil of Myrtles they are eminent in this case to preserve the hair from splitting so also an ointment made of Honey Bees wax and oil Omphacine or Bears griese CHAP. XLI Of the Art of Perfuming in general I. IN this Art two things are to be considered viz. 1. The way and manner of making of Perfumes 2. The way and manner of Perfuming II. The Perfume it self is considered 1. In respect of its Form 2. In respect of its Composition III. The Form of the Perfume is either Water Oil Essence Unguent Powder or Tablets IV. The Making and Composition is taken from the Form and matter V. The Matter is either Vegetable Animal or Mineral VI. The way of Perfuming is according to the matter to be perfumed VII The matter to be perfumed is either natural as Hairs Skins Cloaths Air c. or Artificial as Pomanders Powders Wash-balls Soaps Candles and other things of like nature CHAP. XLII Of the Matter of which Perfumes are made I. THe ground of Vegetable Perfumes is taken from Flowers Seeds Herbs Roots Woods Barks and Gums II. The chief Flowers for this use are of Clove-Gilliflowers Roses Jasemin Lavender Oranges and Saffron III. The chief Seeds or fruits are Nutmets Cloves Carrawaies Grains Seeds of Geranium Moschatum and the Nut Ben. IV. The chief Herbs are Geranium Moschatum Basil sweet Majoram Tyme Angelica Rosemary Lavender Hysop sweet Trefoyl Mint and Bay-tree leaves V. The chief Roots are of Calamus Aromaticus Ginger China Caryophyllata Indian Spicknard and sweet Orrice or Iris. VI. The chief Woods are of yellow Sanders Xylobalsamum Lignum Aloes and Rhodium VII The Barks and Peels are of Cinnamon Mace Oranges Limons and Citrons VIII The chief Gums are Frankincense Olibanum Labdanum Styrax liquid Styrax Balsamum Verum Ambergriese Styrax Calamita Benjamin Amber Camphire IX The chief matters of Perfumes taken from Animals are Musk Zibet Cow-dung and other turds X. Of Minerals there is one only which yields a Perfume and that is Antimony CHAP. XLIII Of the Oil of Ben. I. THe little Nut which the Arabians call Ben is the same which the Latins call Nux Vnguentaria and the Greeks Balanos Myrepsta out of which is taken an Oil of great use in the Art of Perfuming II. To make the Oil of Ben. Blanch the Nuts and beat them very carefully in a mortar and sprinkle them with wine put them into an earthen or Iron Pan and heat them hot then put them into a linnen cloth and press them in an Almond press this work repeat till all the Oil is extracted so have you Oil of Ben by expression III. In like manner you may express the Oil out of Citron seeds incomparable for this purpose to extract the scent out of Musk Civit Amber and the like because it will not quickly grow rank yet Oil of the Nut Ben is much better IV. This Oil of Ben hath two properties the one is that having no scent or odour of it self it alters changes or diminishes the scent of any Perfume put into it the other is that it is of a long continuance so that it scarcely ever changeth corrupts or putrifies as other Oils do V. To make a Perfume thereof put the Musk Amber c. in fine powder thereinto which keep in a glass bottle very close stopped for a month or more then use it VI. Or thus Blanch your Nuts and bruise them Almonds may do though not so good and lay them between two rows of Flowers suppose Roses Jasemin c. or other Perfumes when the Flowers have lost their scent and fade remove them adding fresh ones which repeat so long as the Flowers are in season then squeez out the oil and it will be most odoriferous VII Lastly by this last you may draw a sweet scent out of those Flowers out of which you cannot distil any sweet water CHAP. XLI Of sweet Waters I. THe first sweet Water Take Cloves in powder two drachms yellow Sanders Calamus Aromaticus of each one scruple Aquae Rosarum Damascenarum fifteen pound digest four days then distil in an Alembick to this new distilled water put in powder Cloves Cinnamon Benjamin Storax Calamita of each one drachm distil again in Balneo lastly put the water into a glass bottle with Musk and Ambergriese of each ten granis keep it close stopt for use II. The second sweet Water Take Damask Roses exungulated three pound Flowers of Lavender and Spike of each four ounces Clove-gilliflowers and Flowers of Jasemin of each two pound Orange-flowers one pound Citron peels four drachms Cloves two drachms Cinnamon Storax Calamita Benjamin Nutmegs of each two scruples all in powder Aquae Rosarum six pound digest ten days then distil in Balneo to the distilled water add of Musk and Ambergriese of each thirty grains III. The third sweet water Take Roses Clove-gilliflowers of each one pound Flowers of Rosemary Lavender Jasemin Majoram Savory Time of each three ounces dry Citron peels one ounce Cinnamon Benjamin Storax Calamita of each two drachms Nutmegs Mace of each one drachm bruise the Herbs and Spices well digest in the Sun two days then distil in Balneo to the distilled water add Musk in powder one scruple IV. The fourth sweet Water Take Cloves Cinnamon of each one drachm Mace Grains Musk Ambergriese Citron peels of each half a scruple Benjamin Storax Calamita of each one scruple Aqua Resarum twelve pound digest fifteen days then distil in Balneo V. The fifth sweet Water Take Rosemary-flower water Orange-flower water of each five pound Ambergriese one scruple digest ten days then distil in Balneo VI. The sixth sweet Water Take Roses two pound Macaleb half a drachm Ambergriese ten grains bruise what is to be bruised digest in sand three days then distil in Balneo VII The seventh sweet Water Take green peels of Oranges and Citrons of each four drachms Cloves half a drachm flowers of Spike six ounces Aquae Rosarum Damascenarum six pound digest ten days then distil in Balneo VIII The eighth sweet Water Take of the water at the fifth Section six pound Musk ten grains mix and digest them for use IX The ninth sweet Water Take Aquae Rosarum Aquae Florum de Jâ—semin of each four pound Musk one scruple digest ten days then distil in sand X. The tenth sweet Water Take Damâ—sk-rose Musk-roses Orange-flowers of each four pound Cloves two ounces Nutmegs one ounce distil in an Alembick in the nose of which hang Musk three scruples Amber two scruples Civet one scruple tyed up in a rag dipt in bran and the white of an egg mixed XI The eleventh sweet Water called Aqua Nanfa or Naphe Take Aqua Rosarum four pound Orange-flower water two pound waters of sweet Trefoyl Lavender Sweet Majoram of each eight ounces Benjamin two ounces storax
six drachms melt the wax and mix the oils for a Perfume CHAP. L. Of Perfuming Tablets I. TO make red Muskardines or Tablets Dissolve gum Tragacanth in Rose water so that it may be as thick as Gelly wich make into paste with the following composition Take Amylum one pound fine Sugar half a pound Cochenele two ounces Musk three drachms all being in fine powder mix them and make tablets with the aforesaid Mucilage of Tragacanth square long round or of what form you please which dry in an Oven out of which bread hath been lately drawn but be sure you dry them till they be as hard as horns II. Another fort of Red Tablets Take of the aforesaid composition one pound Cloves Cinnamon Nutmegs Ginger of each two ounces Cochenele one ounce all being in fine powder make into tablets with the aforesaid Mucilage and dry as aforesaid III. To make yellow Tablets Take Amylum one pound fine Sugar half a pound yellow Sanders four ounces Saffron two ounces or you may dip the Amylum in strong tincture of Saffron and then dry it again Musk four drachms all being in fine powder make the mass into tablets with the aforesaid Mucilage adding oil of Cinnamon in drops two drachms dry them carefully in the shade IV. Another sort of yellow Tablets Take Amylum dyed with tincture of Saffron I pound Sugar half a pound Saffron two ounces Nutmegs Cinnamon Ginger of each one ounce Carroways half an ounce Musk three drachms Ambergriese one drachm all in fine powder make into tablets as aforesaid adding oil of Cinnamon two drachms which dry in the shade till they be as hard as Horns V. To make Muscardines or Tablets of any other colour You must make them after the same manner only adding the colour you do intend and in this case we think that it is better that the Amylum be dipt in the tincture and dryed first before you use it Where note that these Tablets when used are to be held in the mouth in which they will dissolve there by cheering the heart reviving the senses comforting the spirits strengthning nature restoring the body and indeed nobly perfuming the breath For them that do not love Musk you may make them without using instead thereof so much the more oil of Roses or Cinnamon CHAP. LI. Of making Pomanders for Bracelets I. THe first sort Take Orrice powder Cloves Mace Cinnamon of each half an ounce yellow Sanders Styrax sweet Assa of each two drachms Ambergriese Musk of each one drachm Balsam of Peru oil of Rhodium of each one scruple Civet two drachms all being in fine powder except the Balsam and Oil mix together and make into paste with mucilage aforesaid of which form Beads drying them in the shade for use II. The second sort Take Storax Labdanum one drachm and a half Benjamin one drachm Cloves Mace Spicknard Geranium Moschatum of each ten grains Musk Ambergriese of each six grains with mucilage make a Pomander for Bracelets III. The third sort Take Damask Rose leaves exungulated two ounces beat them impalpable Musk Ambergriese of each two scruples Civet one scruple Labdanum one drachm with mucilage of gum Tragacanth in rose-Rose-water aforesaid make a Pomander for Bracelets IV. The fourth sort Take Storax Benjamin of each an ounce and a half Musk two drachms oil of Cinnamon one drachm with Mucilage aforesaid make a paste of Pomander very excellent CHAP. LII Of Perfuming Wash-balls I. TO make Barbers Wash-balls Take purified Venetian Soap six ounces Macaleb four ounces Ireos Amylum of each seven ounces Cloves two ounces Labdanum Anniseeds of each one ounce Nutmegs Majoram Cypress powder Geranium Moschatum Camphire of each half an ounce Storax liquida half a drachm Musk ten grains all being in fine powder with a little fine Sugar beat all in a mortar and make them up into Wash-balls II. To do the same another way Take of the said Soap two pound juice of Macaleb two ounces Cloves Orrice of each three ounces Labdanum two ounces Storax one ounce all being in fine powder mix with the Soap of which make balls drying them in the shadow III. To make Balls of white Soap Take of white Soap five pound Iris four ounces Amylum white Sanders of each three ounces Storax one ounce all in powder steep in Musk water of which make paste for Wash-balls IV. Another sort very good Take of white Soap four pound Orrice six ounces Macaleb three ounces Cloves two ounces all in powder mix with the Soap with a little oil of Spike Rhodium or the like of which make Balls V. Another way to make them of Goats fat Make a strong Lixivium of Pot-ashes as that a new laid egg will swim thereupon which boil with Citron peels take of this Lye twenty pound Goats fat two pound boil it for an hour then strain it through a linnen cloth into broad platters of fair water exposing it to the Sun mix it often every day till it begins to grow hard of which you may form balls which you may perfume with Musk half a drachm Civet one scruple oil of Cinnamon ten grains VI. To purifie Venetian Soap Cut it small to which put some Rose water or other perfuming water boil them a while then strain it and it will be sweet and good then take off the Soap which swims a top with a spoon and lay it upon a tyle and it will presently be dry being white free from filth and unctuosity VII Another way to do the same Grate the Soap and dry it in the Sun or an Oven powder and sierce it then moisten it with some sweet water or oil of Spike which dry again in the shadow and keep it for use CHAP. LIII Of Perfuming Soaps I. TO make white musked Soap Take white Soap purified as aforesaid three pound Milk of Macaleb one ounce Musk Civet of each ten grains mix them and make all into thick Cakes or rouls II. Another kind of sweet Soap Take of the oldest Venice Soap which scrape and dry three days in the Sun purifying it as aforesaid two pound Ireos Amylum of each six ounces Storaxliquida two ounces mix them well whilest hot which put into pans to form Cakes III. To make soft Soap of Naples Take of Lixivium of Pot-ashes so strong as to bear an egg sixteen pound Deers Suet two pound set them upon the fire to simper put all into a glased vessel with a large bottom set it in the Sun for a while stirring it five or six times a day with a stick till it wax hard like paste Then take of this paste to which put Musked Rose water keep it eight days in the Sun stirring it as aforesaid so long as it may be neither too hard nor too soft then put it up in boxes or pots IV. To make the same Soap musked Put to the said Soap Rose water two pound fine musk in powder half a drachm then mix the said water as before V. Another exquisite
Soap Take of the aforesaid Lixivium or oil of Tartar per deliquium twelve pound oil Olive three pound mix them Amylum two pound Roman Vitriol one ounce in powder Glair of eggs two ounces put all together and stir continually for four hours time then let it stand the space of a day and it is done You may perfume it as before this makes the hair fair VI. Another exceeding the former Take Crown-soap Vine-ashes of each one pound make it into Cakes with powder of Roch Alom and Tartar of each alike which you may perfume at pleasure VII To get the juice or milk of Macaleb Take the sweet and odoriferous grains of Macaleb which beat in a mortar with Rose water or some perfuming water till it becomes like pap then press out the juice or milk which use within two or three days lest it spoil CHAP. LIV. Of Burning Perfumes I. TO make perfumed lights Take Olibanum two ounces Camphire one ounce beat them into powder of which make with wax balls or rouls which put into a glass lamp with Rose water and lighted with a candle will give a fair light and a very good scent II. Another for a Lamp Take sweet oil Olive one pound Benjamin Storax in powder one ounce Musk Ambergriese of each one scruple mix all with the oil which put into a lamp to burn and the oil will yield a fragrant odour III. To make perfumed Candles Take Labdanum Myrrh Xyloaloes Styrax calamita of each one ounce and a half Willow Charcoal one ounce Ambergriese Musk of each ten grains make them into paste with mucilage of Gum Tragacamb in Rose water which make into rouls like Candles and dry for use IV. A perfume to smoak and burn Take Labdanum two ounces Storax one ounce Benjamin Cloves Mace of each half an ounce Musk Civet of each ten grains all in fine powder make up into cakes with mucilage of gum Tragacanth in Rose water which dry and keep among your cloaths which when occasion requires you may burn in a chafing-dish of coals V. Another smoaking perfume to burn Take Labdanum two drachms Storax one drachm Benjamin Frankincense white Amber Xylo-aloes of each two scruples Ambergriese Musk of each five grains make all into Cakes as aforesaid VI. Another very excellent Take Storax Benjamin of each one ounce wood of Aloes half an ounce Ambergriese Musk Civet Balsam of Peru oil of Rhodium of each two scruples Ivory burnt black a sufficient quantity powder what is to be powdred and mix all together which make into a paste with the Ivory black and the mucilage aforesaid make little cakes and dry them which keep in glasses close stopt for use VII Another very good but of less cost Take Olibanum one pound Storax Calamita and Liquida of each eight ounces Labdanum six ounces Willow charcoal a sufficient quantity with mucilage of Tragacanth make a paste as aforesaid CHAP. LV. Of Animal and Mineral Perfumes I. THe Animal Perfume of Paracelsus Take Cow-dung in the month of May or June and distil it in Balneo and the water thereof will be an excellent perfume and have the scent of Ambergriese See our Synopsis Medicinae lib. 3. cap. 75. Sect. 5. II. Lard muskified a great perfume Take hogs lard very pure one drachm Musk Civet of each half a drachm mix them well for boxes III. The Mineral Perfume of Antimony Dissolve Antimony in oil of Flints Crystal or Sand coagulate the solution into a red mass put thereon Spirit of Wine and digest till the Spirit is tinged pour it off and put on more till all the tincture is extracted put all the tinctures together and evaporate the Spirit of Urine in Balneo and there will remain a blood-red liquor at bottom upon which put Spirit of Wine and you shall extract a very pure tincture smelling like Garlick digest it a month and it will smell like Balm digest it a while longer and it will smell like Musk or Ambergriese Besides being a perfume it is an excellent sudorifick and cures the Plague Feavers Lues Venerea c. IV. After the same manner you may make as substantial a perfume of Sulphur or Brimstone The making of the oil of Flints we have taught at the seven and fiftieth Section of the nine and twentieth Chapter of the third Book CHAP. LVI Of the Adulteration of Musk Civet and Ambergriese BY reason that these choice Perfumes are often adulterated or counterfeited we shall do our endeavour to discover the cheat lest any being deceived thereby should suffer loss I. Musk is often adulterated by mixing Nutmegs Mace Cinnamon Cloves Spicknard of each alike in a fine or impalpable powder with warm blood of Pidgeons and then dryed in the Sun then beaten again and moistened with Musk water drying and repeating the same work eight or ten times adding at last a quarter part of pure Musk by moistening and mixing with Musk water then dividing the mass into several parts and rouling them in the hair of a goat which grows under his tail II. Others adulterate it thus By filling the Musk cods with Goats blood and a little toasted bread mixed with a quarter part of Musk well beaten together The cheat is discerned by the brightness of the Goats blood III. Or thus Take Storax Labdanum powder of Xylo-aloes of each four ounces Musk and Civet of each half an ounce mix all together with Rose water The cheat is discerned by its easie dissolving in water and its different colour and scent IV. Or thus Take Goats blood powder of Angelica roots Musk of each alike make a mixture V. To adulterate Civet Mix with it the Gall of an Oxe and Storax liquefied and washed or you may adulterate it by the addition of Honey of Crete VI. To restore the lost scent to Musk or Ambergriese This is done by hanging it some time in a Jakes or house of Office for by these ill scents its innate vertue and odour is excited and revived CHAP. LVII Of the way of Perfuming Cloth Skins Gloves and the like I. TO Perfume Skins or Gloves Put a little Civet thereon here and there if Gloves along the seams then wash in Rose or musked water four or five times or so long as that they savour no more of the leather pressing them hard every time then lay them in a platter covered with the said water mixed with powder of Cypress a day or two take them out press them and dry them in the shadow being half dry besmear them a little with Civet mix'd with oil of Jasemin or Ben on the inward side chafing them with your hands before a fire till you think that the Civet hath pierced or gone through the leather leaving them so a day or more then rub with a Cloth that the Gloves or Leather may grow soft leaving them so till they are almost dry being drawn and stretched out then hold them over some burning Perfume to dry and wetting them again with Musk water do thus
twenty times lastly take Musk and Ambergriese a sufficient quantity which mix with oil of Jasemin Benjamin or Ben dissolve at the fire with a little perfumed water with which with a pencil strike the Gloves or Leather over on the outside besmearing the seams with Civet lasty lay them for six or eight days between two mattresses so will the Skins or Gloves â—e excellently perfumed II. Another way very excellent Take three pints of Wine Sheeps suet or fat one pound boil them together in a vessel close covered this done wash the Griese six or seven times well with fair water then boil it again in White-wine and Rose water of each one pound and a half with a small fire till the half be consumed then take the said griese to which put pulp of sweet Navews roasted half a pound boil all in Rose water half an hour then strain it and beat it in a mortar with a little oil of Jasâ—min and Musk with which besmear your Gloves after due washing as aforesaid rubbing it well in by the fire III. Another way for Gloves Wash new Corduban Gloves wash them well three or four days once a day in good White-wine pressing and smoothing them well lastly wash them in musked water letting them lye therein for a day then dry them with care This done steep Musk Amber Bazil of each one drachm in a quart of sweet water in which dissolve gum Tragacanth three drachms boil all gently together and in the boiling add Zibet one scruple with which besmear the Gloves rubbing and chafing it in then drying them according to Art IV. Or thus First wash the Gloves or Skins in white-wine then dry them in the shade then wash them in sweet water mixed with oil of Cloves and Labdanum of each alike lastly take Musk Civet Ambergriese of each the quantity of six grains oil of Musk half a drachm mucilage of gum Tragacanth fifteen grains mix them well together in a mortar which chafe into the wash'd Gloves before the fire V. Cloths Linnen or Woolen Coffers Trunks and the like are best perfumed with little cost with the â—â—oak of burning Perfumes CHAP. LVIII Of making various sorts of Ink. I. TO make good black writing Ink. Take ponderous galls three ounces in powder White-wine or in place thereof rain water which is better three pound infuse them in the Sun or in a gentle heat two days then take Roman Vitriol well coloured and powdred which put therein and set all in the Sun for two days more shake all together to which add of good gum Arabick in little bits one ounce with a little white Sugar which dissolve over a gentle fire II. To make red writing Ink. Take Raspins of Brazil one ounce white lead Alom of each two drachms grind and mingle them infuse them in Urine one pound with gum Arabick eight scruples III. Another way to make red Ink. Take Wine-vinegar two pound Raspings of Brazil two ounces Alom half an ounce infuse all ten days then gently boil to which add gum Arabick five drachms dissolve the Gum strain and keep it for use IV. To make green Ink to write with Make fine Verdigriese into paste with strong Vinegar and infusion of green galls in which a little gum Arabick hath been dissolved let it dry and when you would write with it temper it with infusion of green Galls aforesaid V. Another way to make green Ink to write with Dissolve Verdigriese in Vinegar then strain it and grind it with a little honey and mucilage of gum Tragacanth upon a porphyry stone VI. To make blew Ink to write with Grind Indico with honey mixed with glair of eggs or glew water made of Ising lass dissolved in water and strained VII To make red writing Ink of Vermilion Grind Vermilion well upon a porphyry stone with common water dry it and put it into a glass vessel to which put Urine shake all together let it settle then pour off the Urine and putting on more Urine repeat this work eight or ten times so will the Vermilion be well cleansed to which put glair of Eggs to swim on it above a fingers breadth stir them together and setling abstract the glair then put on more glair of eggs repeating the same work eight or ten times also to take away the scent of the Urine lastly mix it with fresh glair and keep it in a glass vessel close stop'd for use When you use it mix it with water or vinegar VIII To make Printers black This is made by mingling Lamp black with liquid Varnish and boiling it a little which you may make thick at pleasure You must make it moister in winter than in Summer and note that the thicker Ink makes the fairer letter If it be too thick you must put in more Linseed oil or oil of Walnuts so may you make it thicker or thinner at pleasure IX To make red Printing Ink. Grind Vermilion very well with the aforesaid liquid Varnish or Linseed oil X. To make green Printing Ink. Grind Spanish green with the said Varnish or Linseed oil as aforesaid And after the same manner may you make Printers blew by grinding Azure with the said Linseed oil CHAP. LIX Of making Sealing Wax I. To make red Sealing Wax Take white Bees wax one pound Turpentine three ounces Vermilion in powder well ground oil Olive of each one ounce melt the wax and Turpentine let it cool a little then add the rest beating them well together II. To do the same otherwise This is done by taking away the Vermilion and adding instead thereof red Lead three ounces to the former things III. To make green Wax Take Wax one pound Turpentine three ounces Verdigriese ground Oil Olive of each one ounce complete the work by the first Section IV. To make black Wax Take Bees Wax one pound Turpentine three ounces black earth Oil Olive of each one ounce mix and make Wax as aforesaid V. To make Wax perfumed This is done by mixing with the Oil Olive aforesaid Musk Ambergriese or any other eminent Perfume as oil of Cinnamon adeps Rosarum or the like one drachm more or less according as you intend to have its scent extended VI. After the same manner you may make Scaling wax of all colours having what scent you please by mixing the scent intended with the Oil Olive and putting the colour in in place of the Vermilion CHAP. LX. Of the various ways of making Artificial Pearls I. THe first Way Dissolve mother of Pearl in spirit of Vinegar then precipitate it with oil of Sulphur per Campanum not with Oleum Tartari for that takes away the splendor which adds a lustre to it dry the precipitate and mix it with whites of eggs of which mass you may make Pearls of what largeness you please which before they be dry bore through with a silver Wire so will you have pearls scarcely to be discerned from those which are truly natural II. The second way Take Chalk
and red lead and Ceruse stain it wherefore you must deepen your colours so that the Orpiment may be highest and so it may agree with all Colours XVII Masticot Grind it with a small quantity of Saffron in gum-water and never make it lighter than it is it will endure to lie upon all colours and metals XVIII Saffron Steep it in Glair it may be ground with Vermilion XIX Pink-yellow If you would have it sad coloured grind it with Saffron if light with Ceruse mix it with weak gum-water and so use it XX. Oker de Luce Grind it with pure Brazil-water it makes a passing hair colour and is a natural shadow for gold XXI Vmber It is a more sad colour Grind it with gum-water or gum-lake and lighten it if you please with a little Ceruse and a blade of Saffron XXII Vltramarine If you would have it deep grind it with Litmose-water but if light with fine Ceruse and a weak Gum-Arabick water XXIII Indico Grind it with water of Gum-Arabick as Ultramarine XXIV Blew bice Grind it with clean water as small as you can then put it into a shell and wash it thus put as much water to it as will fill up the vessel or shell and stir it well let it stand an hour and the filth and dirty water cast away then put in more clean water do thus four or five times and at last put in Gum-Arabick water somewhat weak that the Bice may fall to the bottom pour off the gum-water and put more to it wash it again drie it and mix it with weak gum-water if you would have it rise of the same colour but with a stiff water of Gum-lake if you would have a most perfect blew if a light blew grind it with a little Ceruse but if a most deep blew add water of Litmose XXV Smalt Grind it with a little fine Roset and it will make a deep Violet and by putting in a quantity of Ceruse it will make a light Violet XXVI Litmose blew Grind it with Ceruse with too much Litmose it makes a deep blew with too much Ceruse a light blew grind it with the weak water of Gum-Arabick Take fine Litmose cut it in pieces lay it in weak water of Gum-lake for twenty four hours and you shall have a water of a most perfect Azure with which water you may Diaper and Damask upon all other blews to make them shew more fair and beautiful XXVII Orchal Grind it with unslak'd Lime and Urine it makes a pure Violet by putting to more or less Lime you may make the Violet light or deep as you please CHAP. XIX Of Mixt and Compound Colours I. MVrry It is a wonderful beautiful colour composed of purple and white it is made thus Take Sinaper-lake two ounces white Lead one ounce grind them together See the 24 Section II. A Glass grey Mingle Ceruse with a little Azure III. A Bay colour Mingle Vermilion with a little Spanish brown and black IV. A deep Purple It is made of Indico Spanish brown and white It is called in Latine Purpureus in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a kind of shell fish that yields a liquour of that coulour V. An Ash colour or Grey It is made by mixing white and Lamp-black or white with Sinaper Indico and black make an Ash colour It is called in Latine Caesius and color Cinerius in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 VI. Light Green It is made of Pink and Smalt with white to make it lighter if need require VII Saffron colour It is made of Saffron alone by infusion VIII Flame colour It is made of Vermilion and Orpiment mixed deep or light at pleasure or thus Take red Lead and mix it with Masticote which heighten with white IX A Violet Colour Indico white and Sinaper Lake make a good Violet So also Ceruse and Litmose of each equal parts X. Lead colour It is made of White mixed with Indico XI Scarlet colour It is made of Red Lead Lake Vermilion yet Vermilion in this case is not very useful XII To make Vermilion Take Brimstone in powder one ounce mix it with Quicksilver a pound put it into a Crucible well luted and upon a Charcoal fire heat it till it is red hot then take it off and let it cool XIII To make a bright Crimson Mix tincture of Brazil with a little Ceruse ground with fair water XIV To make a sad Crimson Mix the aforesaid light Crimson with a little Indico ground with fair water XV. To make a pure Lake Take Urine twenty pound boil it in a Kettle and scum it with an Iron Scummer till it comes to sixteen pound to which add gum Lake one pound Alom five ounces boil all till it is well coloured which you may try by dipping therein a piece of linnen cloth then add sweet Alom in powder a sufficient quantity strain it and let it stand strain it again through a dry cloth till the liquor be clear that which remains in the cloth or bag is the pure Lake XVI To make a Crimson Lake It is usually made of the flocks shorn off from Crimson cloth by a Lye made of Salt peter which extracts the colour which precipitate edulcorate and dry in the Sun or a Stove XVII A pure Green Take white Tartar and Verdegriese temper them with strong white Wine Vinegar in which a little gum Arabick hath been dissolved XVIII A pure Violet Take a little Indico and tincture of Brazil grind them with a little Ceruse XIX A pure Purple colour Take fine Brimstone an ounce and an half Quicksilver Sal Armoniack Jupiter of each one ounce beat the Brimstone and Salt into powder and make an Amalgamie with the Quicksilver and Tinn mix all together which put into a great glass Goard make under it an ordinary fire and keep it in a constant heat for the space of six hours XX. To make a Yellow Colour Take the yellow chives in white Lilies steep them in gum water and it will make a perfect yellow the same from Saffron and Tartar tempered with gum water XXI To make a Red colour Take the roots of the lesser Bugloss and beat them and strain out the juice and mix it with Alom water XXII To make excellent good Greens The Liver of a Lamprey makes an excellent and durable grass green and yellow laid upon blew will change into green so likewise the juice of a blew Flower-de-luce mixed with gum water will be a perfect and durable green or blew according as it is used XXIII To make a Purple colour Take the juice of Bilberries and mix it with Alom and Galls and so paint with it XXIV To make a good Murry Temper Rosset with a little Rose water in which a little gum hath been dissolved and it will be good but not exceeding that at the first Section of this Chapter XXV To make Azure or Blew Mix the Azure with glew water
Take Verdigriese ground finely one ounce put to it a good quantity of common varnish and so much oyl of Turpentine as will make it thin enough to work withal it is a good green And Verdigriese Alom of each one Drachm Logwood three Drachms boiled in Vinegar make a good Murry VII Gambogia Dissolve it in fair spring water and it will make a beautiful and transparent yellow if you would have it stronger dissolve some Alom therein it is good for Silk Linnen white Leather Parchment Vellom Paper Quills c. VIII To make Verdigriefe and Ceruse according to Glauber These colours are made with Vinegar in earthen pots set into hot horse dung but if you dissolve your Venus or Saturn with spirit of Nitre and precipitate your Venus with a lye made of Salt of Tartar and your Saturn with Salt water edulcorating and drying them the Venus will yield an excellent Verdigriese which will not corrode other colours as the common Verdigriese doth and the Saturn yields a Ceruse whiter and purer than the ordinary much better for Painting or Chirurgery IX Yellow Fustick benry Boil it in water or sleep them in Alom water it makes a good yellow for the same purpose X. Turnsole Put it into sharp Vinegar over a gentle fire till the Vinegar boil and is coloured then take out the Turnsole and squeeze it into the Vinegar in which dissolve a little gum Arabick it shadows very well on a Carnation or yellow XI Litmos Cut it into small pieces and steep it a day or two in weak gum Lake water and you will have a pure blew water to wash with XII Flory Blew Grind it with Glair of Eggs if then you add a little Rosset it makes a light Violet Blew mixed with White and Red Lead it makes a Crane feather Colour XIII Saffron Steeped in Vinegar and mixed with gum water is a good Yellow CHAP. XXI Of Compounded Colours for Washing ORange Colour Red Lead and Yellow berries make a good Orange Colour or thus take Arnotto half an ounce Pot ashes one Drachm water one pound boil it half away then strain it and use it hot It is good for white leather paper vellom quills parchment c. II. Green Take distilled vinegar filings of Copper digest till the vinegar is blew which let stand in the Sun ora slow fire till it is thick enough and it will be a good green Or thus Take Cedar green which is best of all or instead thereof green Bice steep it in Vinegar and strain it then grind it well with fair water and put to it a little honey and dry it well when you use it mix it with gum water III. To make fine Indico Take the blossoms of Wode three ounces Amylum one ounce grind them with Urine and strong vinegar of which make a Cake then dry it in the Sun and so keep it for use IV. A Blew to wash upon paper Take of the best azure an ounce Kermes two ounces mix them which temper with clear gum water and it will be a glorious Colour V. To make a Venice Blew Take quick lime make it into past with strong vinegar half an hour after put thereto more vinegar to soften it then add Indico in fine powder one ounce mix them and digest it in horse dung for thirty or forty days VI. Another excellent Blew Mix fine white Chalk with juice of elder berries full ripe to which put a little Alom water VII To make blew Smalt Take fluxible sand Sal Nitre and Cobalt mix them together VIII A lively yellow Dissolve orpiment in gum water to which put a little ground Vermilion grind them together and you shall have a very lively colour IX A light green Take Juice of Rew Verdigriese and Saffron grand them well together and use them with gum water Or thus Take sap green flower de bice or tawny green which steep in water Verditure and Ceruse mixe with a little copper green make a good light colour X. Blew Ultramine blew bice smalt and Verditure ground singly with gum water or together make a good blew XI Brown Ceruse red lead English Oker and pink make a good brown XII Spanish Brown To colour any horse dog or the like you must not calcine it yet not calcined it is a dirty colour but to shadow Vermilion or lay upon any dark ground behind a picture to shade berries in the darkest places or to colour wooden posts wainscot bodies of trees and the like it is very good being burnt XIII Flesh colour Mix white Indian lake and red lead according as you would have it light or deep and to distinguish a mans flesh from a womans mingle with it a little Oker XIV Colours of Stones Verdigriese with Varnish makes an Emerald with Florence lake a Ruby with Ultramanine a Saphyr XV. A never fading green Take juice of flowers of Flowerdeluce put it into Gum water and dry it in the Sun CHAP. XXII Of mixing Colours and shadowing I. IN mixing be careful not to make the colour too sad nor take the pencils out of one colour and put them into another II. In mixing colours stir them well about the water severally till they are well mixed then put them together making the colour sadder or lighter at pleasure III. Green is shadowed with Indico and yellow berries IV. Blew is shadowed with Indico Litmose and flory or any of them being steeped in lees of Soap ashes and used with gum water V. Garments are shadowed with their own proper colours or you may mingle the colour with white for the light and shadow it with the same colour unmingled or you may take the thinnest of the colour for the light and shadow with the thickest or bottom of the same VI. Sap green is only used to shadow other greens with and not to be laid for a ground in any garment VII Lake ought not to be shaded with any colour for it is a dark red but for variety you may shadow it with Bice or blew Verditure which will make it like changeable Taffata VIII The shadow for Yellow Berries is Umber but for beauties sake with red Lead and the darkest touches with Spanish brown and for variety with Copper green blew Bice or Verditure IX White sets off blews and blacks very well Red sets off well with yellows Yellow with reds sad blews browns greens and purples X. Blew sets off well with yellows reds whites browns and blacks and Green sets off well with purples and reds CHAP. XXIII Of Colours for Landskips I. GReen mixed with white pink bice masticot smalt indico or ceruse or blew verditure mixt with a few yellow berries makes a good green for Landskips II. For the saddest hills use umber burnt for the lightest places put yellow to the burnt umber for other hills lay copper green thickened on the fire or in the Sun for the next hills further off mix yellow berries with copper green let the fourth part be done with
an hour in sharp vinegar then add a little Sal Armoniack and digest all together for ten or twelve days then boil all together in a luted crucible till it is red hot and by degrees crack lastly hang the Mercury in a pot with brimstone at bottom to cover it lute it and set it into the fire that it may grow hot by degrees and receive the fume of the Sulphur do thus for a month once a day and the Mercury will run and be hammered V. Another way of tinging Mercury Take purified Mercury one ounce Sulphur two ounces Aqua fortis three ounces let them all stand till the water grow clear distill this with its sediment and at bottom of the Limbeck you shall find the Mercury hard and of an exact colour VI. To colour and soften Gold Dissolve Verdigriese in Vinegar and strain it through a felt then congeal and when it begins to wax thick put to it some Sal armoniack and let it harden a good while then melt gold with it and it will heighten the colour and make it soft VII To make Gold and Silver softer Take Mercury Sublimate Sal armoniack of each alike powder them melt the gold and put to it a little of this powder and it will be soft VIII Another way to do the same Take Vitriol Verdet Sal Armoniack burnt brass of each half an ounce mix them with Aqua fortis let it so repose in the heat two days then let it harden do thus three times with Aqua fortis and let it dry make it into powder to one dram put one ounce of gold three times and it will be softer IX Another way to do the same in silver Take Salt-peter Tartar Salt Verdet boil all together till the water is consumed then put to it Urine and let it so consume and you shall have an oyl which put into melted silver will do the same Or thus Take as many wedges as you have melted put them one night into a crucible in a furnace but so as they melt not and they will be soft and fair Or thus Take honey oyl of each alike in which quench the Gold or Silver three or four times and it will be softer Or thus Take Mastich Frankincense Myrrh Borax Vernix of each alike all in powder Or thus Quench the Gold or silver in water of Sal armoniack and it will be soft X. To tinge silver of a golden colour Take fine gold fine silver good brass and brass or copper calcin'd with Sulphur vive of each alike melt them down together and it shall appear to be gold of eighteen carets fine XI Another way to tinge silver Take Quick-silver purged three ounces leaf gold one ounce mix them and put them into a glass Retort well luted put it on the fire till it grow hot then take it off and add to it Quick-silver purged two ounces Sal Armoniack one ounce Sal Ellebrot half an ounce Borax two drachms then seal up the glass hermetically and put it into a continuual fire for three days then take it out let it cool open the retort take out the matter and powder it very fine of which powder mix one ounce with silver five ounces and it will tinge it into a good gold colour Note Sal Ellebrot is thus made Take pure common Salt Sal Gem Sal alcaly in powder of each one ounce juice of mints four ounces spring water four pound mingle them and evaporate And Quick-silver is purged by washing it in sharp vinegar three or four times and straining it or by subliming it which is better XII To bring silver into a calx This is done by amalgamating of it with Quick-silver and then subliming of it or by dissolving it in Aqua fortis and precipitating it with the solution of salt in fair water and then washing it with warm water often to free it from the salts or else by mingling the fillings with sublimed Mercury and in a retort causing the Mercury to ascend which will leave at bottom the Calx of silver fit for jewels c. XIII To blanch Silver Take Salarmoniack Roch alom Alom plumosum Sal gem Argal Roman Vitriol of each alike powder and mix them and dissolve them in fair water in which boil the silver so long till you see it wonderful white XIV To colour silver of a Gold colour Take Salt-peter two pound Roch Alom five pound mingle and distil them keeping the water for use When you use it melt the Silver and quench it in the said water XV. To tinge Brass of a Gold Colour Dissolve burnt brass in Aqua fortis made of Vitriol Salt-peter Alom Verdigriese and Vermilion and then reduce it again and it will be much of a gold colour XVI To make Brass through white Heat Brass red hot and quench it in water distilled from Sal Armoniack and Egg-shells ground together and it will be very white XVII To make Brass white otherwise Take egg-shells and calcine them in a crucible and temper them with the whites of eggs let it stand so three weeks heat the brass red hot and put this upon it XVIII To make Brass Take Copper three pounds Lapis Calaminaris one pound in powder melt them together the space of an hour then put it out XIX The way to colour Brass white Dissolve a peny weight of Silver in Aqua fortis putting it to the fire in a vessel till the Silver turn to water to which add as much powder of white Tartar as may drink up all the water make it into Balls with which rub any Brass and it will be white as silver XX. To tinge Copper of a gold Colour Take Copper Lapis Calaminaris of each four drachms Tutty two drachms heat the Copper red hot twice quenching it in piss doing the like by the Lapis and Tutty take of the dissolved Copper half an ounce adding to it Honey one ounce boil them till the Honey look black and is dry that it may be powdered which then beat with the Lapis and Tutty boil them again till the Copper is melted and it is done XXI Another way to make Copper of a gold Colour Take the Gall of a Goat Arsnick of each a sufficient quantity and distil them then the Copper being bright being washed in this water will turn into the Colour of gold XXII Another way to do the same Melt Coppper to which put a little Zink in filings and the Copper will have a glorious golden colour XXIII To make Copper of a white colour Take Sublimate Sal Armoniack of each alike boil them in Vinegar in which quench the Copper being made red hot and it will be like Silver XXIV Another way to whiten Copper Heat it red hot divers times and quench it in oyl of Tartar per deliquium and it will be white XXV Another way to whiten Copper Take Arsnick three ounces Mercury Sublimate two ounces Azure one ounce mix them with good and pure grease like an ointment
Crystals in fine powder five ounces mix them put as much of this as will fill an Egg-shell into a crucible set it in a furnace and make it red hot and presently there will come over a thick and white spirit take out the crucible whilest it is hot and that which is in it like transparent glass keep from the air after beat it to powder and lay in a moist place and it will dissolve into a thick fat oyl which is the oyl of Flints Sand pebbles or Crystals This oyl precipitateth metals and makes the Calx there more heavy than oyl of Tartar doth it is of a golden nature and extracts colours from all Minerals it is fixed in all fires maketh fine Crystals and Borax and maturateth imperfect metals into Gold LVIII To melt Metals quickly Take a Crucible and make in it a lay or course of the powder of any metal then lay upon it a lay of Sulphur Salt-peter and Saw-dust of each alike mixed tother put a coal of fire to it and the Metal will immediately be in a mass LIX Lastly He that shall observe the work and reason of the silver golden and steel trees may in like manner produce the like out of the Calx of other Metals CHAP. XXX Of the Instruments and Materials of Casting I. HE that would learn to cast must be provided of all the chief Tools thereto belonging which are 1. A Trough 2. Sand 3. A Flask 4. Skrew 5. Tripoli 6. The Medal or form 7. A Furnace 8. Crucibles 9. A Pipe 10. Tongs 11. Two Oak plates 12. Plegets of wool 13. Oyl and Turpentine 14. A Hares foot 15. Brushes II. The Trough is a four-square thing about half a foot deep or something more and its use is to hold the Sand. III. Of Sand there is various sorts the chief are Higate Sand and Tripoll the which to make fit for the work you must order thus If it is Higate Sand you must finely sift it if Tripoli you must first beat it fine then-sift it through a fine sâ—ve to either of these fine sands you must put of pure fine Bole an ounce to nine ounces well beaten dissolved in water and lastly reduced into fine powder which powders you must moderately moisten with this Magisterial water viz. filterated Brine made of decripitated common Salt or the same mixed with Glair of Eggs. IV. The Flask is a pair of Oval Irons containing only sides to hold the Sand which must be pressed hard thereinto and a passage or mouth for the metal to run in at V. The Skrew is an Iron Press between which the flask is put and prest after that it is filled with Sand and hath received the form or impression to be cast VI. Tripoli is that of which the second sort of Sand is made which here ought to be calcined and beaten into impalpable powder to strew over the sandy moulds first that the sides of the flask may not cleave together when they are full secondly that the thing cast may have the perfect form and impression without the least scratch or blemish imaginable The Medal or form is that which is to be impressed upon the Sand whose likeness we would imitate VIII The Furnace is that which contains the fire where the Crucible is put for the Metal to melt in which is generally melted with Charcoal IX The Crucibles are calcining or melting pots commonly three-square made so as they may endure the fire all over in which the metal is to be melted X. The Pipe is a hollow Reed or piece of Tin to blow coals and filth out of the Crucible XI The Tongs are a crooked Instrument to take coals out of the crucible with as also to stir and repair the fire and to take the pot out of the furnace when you go to Cast XII The two Oak plates are to be smooth and to be put between the flask and the sides of the skrew on each side XIII Pledgets of wool are to be put between the Oak plates and the sand to fill up empty spaces if there be any XIV The Oyl and Turpentine is to wet some paper or cotton threads which must be set on fire to smoak the Impression or Mould being dry that the metal may run the better XV. The Hares foot is to wipe the hollow places in the Mould if they should be too much filled with smoak XVI The Brushes ought to be two to wit one with thick bar Wire strings another with Hogs Bristles wherewith the work both before and after casting ought to be rubbed and cleansed CHAP. XXXI The Way and Manner of Casting I. WAsh the Medal in Vinegar in which put some Salt and Straw ashes and rub it well with the aforesaid hair brush then wash it with water and dry it well II. Place the female part of the flask upon one of the Oak plates so that the middle part viz. that which is joined to the other may lie downwards III. Then put the cleansed Medal in the flask upon the Oak plate in a right line to the mouth of the flask and if there be two let them be placed so that there may be a place left in the middle for the melted metal to run in as IV. Then take of the aforesaid earth or sand prepared that is so much moistned with the Magisterial water that being crushed between the hands or fingers it will not stick but like dry flower and will stand with the print of the hand closed together and press it on well in the flask upon the Medal with the fleshy part of your fingers or hand then with a rule strike off all the superfluous sand that sticks about the flask V. This done the plegets of wool or a woolen cloth must be laid upon it and then the other Oak plate and then turned up with both hands the plates being both held close VI. Then taking off the upper plate put upon it the male part of the flask which fill with sand in like manner the Medal being now between pressing it down as before and then with a ruler striking away the superfluous sand VII Upon which lay a woolen cloth and gently lift off the top or upper part of the flask so that the medal may be taken forth VIII All things being thus done with a knife or some such like cut the passage for the metal which let be a little dried then IX Either strew over the side of the impression now taken off with a calcined Tripoli ground impalpable applying it upon the female flask again turn the female flask uppermost which take off and strew it in like manner with the calcined Tripoli and putting them together again press them so hard as that the fine Tripoli may receive the most perfect impression of the Medal which then take out by separating the sides of the flask and gently shaking that part which holds it till it falls out X. Or with Cotton wet in Oyl and Turpentine and set on
fire let the Impression be smoaked and if any superfluous fume be taken wipe it off with a Hares foot XI Then join the sides of the flask together putting them with the woolen cloaths between the Oaken plates which put into the Press and skrew them a little XII Then the Metal being melted put it into the mould being hot which if it be Silver or blanched Brass or Copper it will run well enough XIII But if it runs not well you may cast in about the hundred part of Mercury sublimate and an eighth part of Antimony for so it will not only run well but also be a harder metal XIV Lastly the Medal being cooled take it neatly out and keep it Where note 1. That so long as the Impression or mould is not spoiled you may still cast more Medals therein but when it decays you must perfectly renew the whole work as at first 2. That you may blanch them with a pure whiteness by the ninth Section of the nine and twentieth Chapter of this Book or thus if they be of whitened Brass Take Sal armoniack one ounce and an half Salt-peter two ounces and a half Leaf silver twenty four grains mix them and evaporate them in a Luted crucible having a hole in the cover till all the moisture is gone being cold beat all into fine powder of which take one ounce Salt Alom Tartar of each one handful fair water a sufficient quantity mix and boil all in a glazed vessel in which put the Medals boiling them till they are purely white then rub them with the Tartar in the bottom very well wash them in fair water and dry them 3. That if the Medals be of Gold or of a golden colour you may heighten it with Verdigriese and Vrine CHAP. XXXII Of Glass and Precious Stones I. TO melt Crystal Beat Crystal to bits and put them into an Iron spoon cover it and lute it well and heat it in the fire till it is red hot which quench in oyl of Tartar this do so often till they will easily beat to powder in a mortar which will then easily melt This is of use to counterfeit Jewels with II. To make a Cement for broken Glasses Glair of Eggs mixed with Quick-lime will join broken pieces of Glass together and all earthen pots so as that they shall never be broken in the same place again Or thus Take old liquid Varnish and join the pieces with bind them together and dry them well in the Sun or in an Oven and they will never unglew again but put no hot liquor into them then Or thus Take White-lead Red-lead Quick-lime Gum sandrack of each one ounce mix all with glair of eight eggs Or thus Take White-lead bole liquid varnish as much as sufficeth Or thus Take White-lead Lime glair of Eggs as much as sufficeth Or thus Take fine powder of glass Quick-lime Liquid varnish of each a sufficient quantity Or thus Take Quick-lime powdered liquid varnish glair of Eggs of each alike grind them upon a stone this is a strong glew even for stones Or thus Take Calcined flints and egg-shells of each alike and with whites of Eggs and gum tragacanth or dissolution of Gum Sandrack make glew this in few days will be as hard as stone Or thus Take calcined flints two pound Quick-lime four pound Linseed oyl so much as may temper the mixture this is wonderful strong but with liquid varnish it would be stronger Or thus Take fish glew and beat it thin then soak it in water till it is like paste make rouls thereof which draw out thin when you use it dissolve it in fair water over the fire letting it seeth a while and scumming of it and whilest it is hot use it This not only cements glass but Tortoise shell and all other things III. To wake Glass green Green glass is made of fern ashes because it hath much of an alkaly salt Crystal or Venice Glass is tinged green with Ore of Copper or with the Calx of Copper five or six grains to an ounce IV. To counterfeit a Diamond Take a Saphyre of a faint colour put into the middle of a crucible in quick Lime and put it into a gentle fire and heat it by degrees till it is red hot keep it so for six or seven hours let it stand in the crucible till it is cold lest taking it out hot it should break so will it lose all its colour and be perfectly like a Diamond so that no file will touch it if the colour is not all vanished at the first heating you must heat it again till it is perfect V. To prepare the Salts for counterfeit Gems The Salts used in making counterfeit Gems are chiefly two the first is made of the herb Kali the second of Tartar their preparations are according to the usual way but in Glass vessels VI. To prepare the matter of which Gems are made The matter is either Crystal or flint that is clear and white put them into a crucible in a reverberatory heat the crucible being covered then take them out and cast them into cold water so will they crack and easily reduce to powder of which powder take an equal quantity with Salt of Tartar or Sal Alkali to which mixture add what Colour you please which must be either Metalline or Mineral put them into a very strong Crucible filling it about half full cover it close and melt all in a strong fire till it become like glass Where note in melting you must put an Iron red into it and take up some of it and if it is free from bubbles grains or specks it is fused enough if not you must fuse it till it is free VII To make a counterfeit Diamond of Crystal Put Crystal in a crucible and set it in a glass furnace all night and then bring it to fine powder mix it with equal parts of Sal Tartari digest all night in a vehement heat but yet not to melt then take them out and put them into another vessel which will stoutly endure the fire let them stand melted two days and take out the mass VIII To make a Chalcedon Mingle with the powder of Crystal a little calcined silver and let it stand in fusion twenty four hours IX To make counterfeit Pearls Mix Calx of Luna and Egg-shells with leaf silver ground with our best varnish of which make paste and having bored them with a hogs bristle dry them in the Sun or an Oven X. To counterfeit a Ruby Take Sal Alkaly four ounces Crystal three ounces Scales of Brass half an ounce leaf gold six grains mix all and melt them in a reverberatory XI To counterfeit a Carbuncle Mix Crystal with a little red Lead putting it into a furance for twenty four hours then take it out powder and searce it to which add a little Calcined brass melt all again and add a small quantity of leaf gold stirring it well three or four hours and
in a day and night it will be done XII An Artificial Amethyst Take Crystal one pound Manganess one drachm mix and melt them Or thus Take Sal Alkaly three ounces powder of Crystal four ounces filings of Brass half an ounce melt all in a strong fire XIII An Artificial Jacynth Put Lead into a strong crucible and set it into a furnace let it stand there about six weeks till it is like glass and it will have the natural colour of a Jacynth not easily to be discerned XIV An Artificial Chrysolite Mix with melted Crystal a sixth part of scales of Iron letting it stand in a vehement fire for three days Or thus to the mixture of the Topaze add a little Copper XV. An Artificial Topaze To Crystal one pound add Crocus Martis two Drachms Red Lead three ounces first putting in the Lead then the Crocus XVI Artificial Corals Take the scrapings of Goats horns beat them together and infuse them in a strong Lixivium made of Sal fraxini for five days then take it out and mingle it with Cinnaber dissolved in water set it to a gentle fire that it may grow thick make it into what form you please dry and polish it Or thus Take Minii one ounce Vermilion ground fine half an ounce Quick-lime and powder of Calcined flints of each six ounces a Lixivium of Quick-lime and Wine enough to make it thick add a little Salt then make it into what form you please and boil it in Linseed oyl XVII An Artificial Emerald Take Brass three days Calcined in powder which put again into the furnace with oyl and a weaker fire let it stay there four days adding a double quantity of fine sand or powder of Crystal after it is something hard keep it at a more gentle fire for twelve hours and it will be a lovely pleasant and glorious green Or thus Take fine Crystal two ounces and an half Sal Alkali two ounces flas aeris infused in Vinegar and strained one ounce Sal Tartari one ounce and half mix and lute them into a crucible and put all into a glass-makers furnace for twenty four hours and it will be glorious indeed Or thus Take Crystal ten ounces Crocus Martis and Brass twice calcined of each one pound mix and melt them stirring them well with an Iron Rod. XVIII An Artificial Sapbyre To melt Crystal put a little Zaphora two Drachms to a pound of Crystal then stir it continually from top to bottom with an Iron hook till it is well mixed keep it in the furnace three days and it is done yet when it is well coloured unless it be presently removed from the fire it will lose its tincture again XIX Artificial Amber Boil Turpentine in an earthen pot with a little cotton some add a little oyl stirring it till it is as thick as paste then put it into what you will and set it in the Sun eight days and it will be clear and hard of which you may make beads hasts for knives and the like XX. Another way to counterfeit Amber Take sixteen yolks of Eggs beat them well with a spoon Gum Arabick two ounces Cherry-tree Gum an ounce make the Gums into powder and mix them well with the yolks of Eggs let the Gums melt well and put them into a pot well leaded then set them six days in the Sun and they will be hard and shine like glass and when you rub them they will take up a wheat straw as other Amber doth XXI To make yellow Amber soft Put yellow Amber into hot melted wax well scum'd and it will be soft so that you may make things thereof in what form and fashion you please XXII Another Artificial Amber Take whites of eggs well beaten put them into a vessel with strong white wine Vinegar stop it close let it fland fourteen days then dry it in the shade and it will be like to Amber XXXIII Another Artificial Amber Break whites of eggs with a spunge take off the froth to the rest put Saffron put all into a glass close stopped or into a Copper or brazen vessel let it boil in a kettle of water till it be hard then take it out and shape it to your liking lay it in the Sun and anoint it often with Linseed oyl mixed with a little Saffron or else being taken out of the Kettle boil it in Linseed-oyl XXIV To make white Enamel Take Calx of Lead two ounces Calx of Tin four ounces make it into a body with Crystal twelve ounces role it into round balls and set it on a gentle fire for a night stirring it about with an Iron rod till it is melted and it is done XXV The general preparations and proportions of Mineral Colours Plates of Copper must be made red hot then quenched in cold water of which five or six grains mixed with Crystal and Sal Tartari of each half an ounce and melted will colour a Sea-green Iron must be made into a Crocus in a reverberatory fire of which eight or ten grains will tinge the said ounce of mixture into a yellow or hyacinth colour Silver is to be dissolved in Aqua fortis and precipitated with oyl of flints then dulcifyed with water and dryed of this five or six grains to an ounce gives a mixed colour Gold must be dissolved in Aqua Regis and precipitated with liquor of flints then sweetned and dryed of which five or six grains to one ounce gives a glorious Sapherine colour Gold melted with Regulus Martis nitrosus five or six grains to one ounce gives an incomparable Rubine colour Magnesia in powder only ten or twelve grains to one ounce makes an Amethyst Colour Granata in powder only ten or fifteen grains to one ounce will tinge the mass into a glorious Smaragdine Colour not unlike to the natural XXVI Lastly Common Copper makes a Sea-green Copper of Iron a Grass-green Granats a Smaragdine Iron Yellow or Hyacinth Silver White yellow green and granat Gold a fair skie colour Wismut a common Blew Magnesia an Amethyst colour Copper and Silver an Amethyst colour Copper and Iron a pale green Wismut and Magnesia a purple colour Silver and Magnesia an Opal and the like XXVII To make Azure Take Sal armoniack three ounces Verdigriefe six ounces make them into powder and put them into a glass with water of Tartar so that it may be somewhat thick stop the glass and digest in Sand in Horse-dung for eight or ten days and it will be good azure XXVIII Another way to make good beyond-sea Azure Beat common azure with Vinegar and anoint therewith thin plates of Silver and put the same over a vessel full of Urine which set over hot ashes and coals moving and stirring it till it looks like good azure CHAP. XXXIII The Ways and Manner of Gilding I. To lay Gold on any thing Take red Lead ground fine temper it with Linseed oyl write with it and lay Leaf gold on it let it dry then polish
it II. To lay Gold on Glass Take Chalk and red Lead of each alike grind them together and temper them with Linseed oyl lay it on and when it is almost dry lay leaf gold on it let it dry then polish it III. To gild Iron with a water Take Spring water three pound Roch Alom three ounces Roman Vitriol Orpiment one ounce Verdigriese twenty four grains Sal gem three ounces boil all together and when it begins to boil put in Tartar and Bay salt of each half an ounce continue the boiling a good while then take it from the fire strike the Iron over therewith dry it against the fire and burnish it IV. To lay Gold on Iron or other Metals Take liquid Varnish one pound oyl of Linseed and Turpentine of each one ounce mix them well together strike this over any metal and afterwards lay on the gold or silver and when it is dry polish it V. To Gild Silver or Brass with Gold water Take Quick-silver two ounces put it on the fire in a Crucible and when it begins to smoak put into it an Angel of fine Gold then take it off immediately for the Gold will be presently dissolved then if it be too thin strain a part of the Quick-silver from it through a piece of Fustian this done rub the Gold and Quicksilver upon Brass or Silver and it will cleave unto it then put the said Brass or Silver upon quick coals till it begin to smoak then take it from the fire and scratch it with a hair brush this do so long till all the Mercury is rubbed as clean off as may be and the gold appear of a faint yellow which colour heighten with Sal Armoniack Bole and Verdigriese ground together and tempered with water Where note that before you gild your Metal you must boil it with Tartar in Beer or water then scratch it with a wire Brush VI. Another water to gild Iron Steel Knives Swords and Armour with Take Fire-stone in powder put it into strong red wine vinegar for twenty four hours boil it in a glazed pot adding more Vinegar as it evaporates or boils away into this water dip your Iron Steel c. and it will be black dry it then polish it and you will have a gold colour underneath VII Another water to gild Iron with Take Salt peter Roch-alom burnt of each half an ounce Sal-armoniack an ounce all being in fine powder boil with strong Vinegar in a Copper vessel with which wet the Iron c. then lay on leaf Gold VIII Another water to gild Iron with Take Roch-alom and grind it with boys Urine till it is well dissolved with which anoint the Iron heat it red hot in a fire of wood coals and it will be like Gold IX To gild Books Take Bole Armoniack four peny-weight Sugar-candy one peny-weight mix and grind them with glair of Eggs then on a bound Book while in the press after it hath been smeared with glair of Eggs and is dried smear the said composition let it dry then rub it well and polish it then with fair water wet the edges of the Book and suddenly lay on the gold pressing it down with Cotton gently this done let it dry and then polish it exactly with a tooth X. Another way of Gilding Iron Take water three pound Alom two ounces Sal gem three ounces Vitriol Roman Orpiment of each one ounce flos Aeris twenty four grains boil all with Tartar and Salt as at the third Section XI To make Iron of the colour of Gold Take Linseed oyl three ounces Tartar two ounces yolks of Eggs boiled hard and beaten two ounces Aloes half an ounce Saffron five grains Turmerick two grains boil all in an Earthen vessel and with the oyl anoint Iron and it will look like Gold If there be not Linseed oyl enough you may put in more XII A Golden liquor to colour Iron Wood Glass or bones with Take a new laid Egg through a hole at one end take out the white and fill up the Egg with Quicksilver two parts Sal-armoniack finely powdred one part mix them all together with a Wire or little stick stop the hole with melted Wax over which put an half Egg-shell digest in horse dung for a month and it will be a fine golden coloured Liquor XIII To gild Silk and Linnen Take Glew made of parchment lay it on the Linnen or Silk c. gently that it may not sink then take Ceruse Bole and Verdigriese of each alike mix and grind them upon a Stone then in a glazed vessel mix it with varnish which let simper over a small fire then keep it for use XIV Another of a pure gold colour Take juice of fresh Saffron or for want of it Saffron ground the best clear Orpiment of each alike grind them with Goats gall or gall of a Pike which is better digest twenty eight days in horse dung and it is done XV. To gild on Wood or Stone Take Bole Armoniack Oyl Ben of each a sufficient quantity beat and grind them together with this smear the wood or stone and when it is almost dry lay on the Leaf-gold let it dry then polish it XVI To gild with Leaf-gold Take leaves of gold and grind them with a few drops of honey to which add a little gum-water and it will be excellent to write or paint with XVII To gild Iron or Steel Take Tartar one ounce Vermilion three ounces Bole armoniack Aqua Vitae of each two ounces grind them together with Linseed oyl and put thereto Lapis Calaminaris the quantity of a hasle nut and grind therewith in the end a few drops of Varnish take it off the Stone strain it through a linnen cloth for it must be as thick as honey then strike it over Iron or Steel and let it dry then lay on your Silver or Gold and burnish it XVIII To colour Tin or Copper of a golden Colour Take Linseed oyl set it on the fire scum it then put in Amber Aloes hepatick of each alike stir them well together till it wax thick then take it off cover it close and set it in the earth three days when you use it strike the Metal all over with it with a pencil let it dry and it will be of a golden colour XIX To gild any Metal Take strong Aqua fortis in which dissolve fine Silver to which put so much Tartar in fine powder as will make it into paste with which rub any metal and it will look like fine Silver XX. To gild so as it shall not out with any water Take Oker calcined pumice stone of each alike Tartar a little beat them with Linseed oyl and five or six drops of Varnish strain all through a Linnen cloth with which you may Gild. CHAP. XXXIV Of Paper Parchment and Leather I. TO make paper waved like Marble Take divers oyled colours put them severaly in drops upon water and stir the water lightly then wet the Paper being
barden them again lay them in strong White-wine Vinegar XIII To make Horns soft Take Urine a Month old Quick-lime one pound calcined Tartar half a pound Tartar crude Salt of each four ounces mix and boil all together then strain it twice or thrice in which put the horns for eight days and they will be soft XIV Another way to make them soft Take ashes of which glass is made Quick-lime of each a pound water a sufficient quantity boil them till one third part is consumed then put a feather into it if the feather peel it is sodden enough if not boil it longer then clarify it and put it out into which put filings of Horn for two days anoint your hand with oyl and work the horns as it were paste then make it into what fashion you please XV. Another way to soften Horns Take juices of Marubium Alexanders Yarrow Celandine and Radish roots with strong Vinegar mix them into which put Horns and digest seven days in horse-dung then work them as before XVI To cast Horns in a mould like as Lead Make a Lixivium of Calcined Tartar and Quick-lime into which put filings or scrapings of Horn boil them well together and they will be as it were pap tinge it of the colour you would have it and then you may cast it in a mould and make thereof what fashioned things you please XVII To make Ivory white If Ivory be yellow spotted or coloured lay it in Quick-lime pour a little water over it letting it lye twenty four hours and it will be fair and white CHAP. XXXVI Of Dying Yarn Linnen Cloth and the like I. TO Dye a sad Brown First infuse the matter to be dyed in a strong tincture of Hermodacts then in a bag put Saffron and ashes stratum super stratum upon which put water two parts mixed with Vinegar one part strain the water and Vinegar through hot fifteen or sixteen times in this Lixiviate Tincture of Saffron put what you would dye letting it lie a night then take it out and hang it up to dry without wringing which do in like manner the second and third times II. To Dye a Blew Colour Take Ebulus berries ripe and well dried steep them in Vinegar twelve hours then with your hands rub them and strain through a linnen cloth putting thereto some bruised Verditer and Alom Note if the Blew is to be clear put more Verditer to it III. Another excellent Blew Dye Take Copper scales one ounce Vinegar three ounces Salt one Drachm put all into a Copper vessel and when you would dye put the said matter into the tincture of Brazil IV. Another excellent Blew Dye Take calcined Tartar three pugils unslak'd Lime one pugil make a Lixivium and filtrate it to twelve or fifteen quarts of the same water put Flanders blew one pound and mix them well set it to the fire till you can scarcely endure your hand in it then first boil what you would dye in Alom water then dry it afterwards dip it in hot Lye twice or thrice then put it into the Dye V. A good red Dye Take Brazil in powder fine Vermilion of each half an ounce boil them in Rain water with Alom one drachm boil it till it is half consumed VI. Another excellent good Red Dye Take of the Lixivium of unslak'd Lime one pint Brazil in powder one ounce boil to the half then put to it Alom half an ounce keep it warm but not to boil then dip what you would dye first in a Lixivium of Red wine Tartar let it dry then put it into the Dye VII Another very good Red. Take Rosset with gum Arabick boil them a quarter of an hour strain it then first boil what you would dye in Alom water two hours after put it into the Dye VIII To make a fair Russet Dye Take two quarts of water Brazil one ounce boil it to a quart put to it a sufficient quantity of Granie and two drachms of Gum Arabick IX A good Purple Colour Take Myrtle berries two pound Alom calcined Brass of each one ounce water two quarts mix them in a Brass kettle and boil half an hour then strain it X. A Yellow Colour Take berries of purging Thorn gathered about Lammas day bruise them adding a little Alom in powder then keep all in a Brass vessel XI Another good Yellow Put Alom in powder to the Tincture of Saffron in Vinegar XII A very good Green Colour Take Sap green bruise it put water to it then add a little Alom mix and infuse for two or three days XIII To take out Spots Wash the spots with oyl of Tartar per Deliquium two or three times and they will vanish then wash with water Spirit of Wine to wash with is excellent in this case If they be Ink spots juice of Lemmons or Spirit of Salt is incomparable washing often and drying it so also Castle Soap and Vinegar CHAP. XXXVII Of the Dying of Stuffs Cloaths and Silks I. TO make a substantial blew Dye Take Woad one pound and mix it with four pound of boiling water Infuse it twenty four hours then die with it all white colours II. To make a firm black Dye First Wad it with the former Blew then take of Galls one pound water sixty pound Vitriol three pounds first boil the Galls and water with the Stuff or Cloath two hours then put in the Coperas at a cooler heat for one hour then take out the Cloath or Stuff and cool it and put it in for another hour boiling it Lastly take it out again cool it and put in once more III. To make an excellent Yellow Dye Take liquor or decoction of Wheat-bran being very clear sixty pound in which dissolve three pound of Alom then boil the stuff or cloath in it for two hours after which take Wold two pounds and boil it till you see the colour good IV. To make a very good Green Dye First Dye the Cloth or Stuff Yellow by the third Section then put it into the Blew Dye in the first Section of this Chapter V. To make a pure clear Red Dye Take Liquor or Infusion of Wheat-bran being strained and made very clear sixty pounds Alom two pounds Tartar one pound mix and dissolve them with which boil the Stuff or Cloath for two hours take it then out and boil it in fresh Wheat-bran liquor sixty pounds to which put Madder three pounds perfect the colour at a moderate heat without boiling VI. To make a very pleasant Purple Dye First Dye it Blew by the first rule of this Chapter then boil it in the former Red at the fifth rule hereof Lastly finish it with a decoction of Brazil VII To Dye Crimson in Grain First boil it in the Red at the fifth rule of this Chapter then finish it in a strong tincture of Cochenele made in the Wheat-bran Liquor aforefaid VIII To make a Bow-dye or Scarlet Colour Take water an hundred pounds Cremor Tartari and Aqua
to bed The Pomatum we have taught the way to make in our Synopsis Medicinae lib. 3. cap. 58. Sect. 2. III. A water to cleanse the face from Scurfe and Morphew Take distilled rain water six ounces juice of Limons twelve ounces mix them and wash with it morning and evening anointing after it at night going to bed with the oil or Pomatum aforesaid IV. An Vnguent which brings the skin to an exquisite beauty Take of our Pomatum one ounce Salt of Tartar one drachm Musk twenty grains mix them well and the face or skin being very clean anoint morning and evening V. A wonderful Cosmetick of great worth Take white Tartar twenty ounces Talk Salt of each ten ounces calcine them in a potters furnace very well then grinding the matter upon a marble put it into Hippocrates his sleeve and set it in a Cellar or other moist place for twenty or thirty dayes and there will drop from it a precious oil which being rubbed upon the skin softly with a linnen cloth the skin being duly cleansed first takes away all kind of spots and makes the skin soft and delicate VI. A cheap yet excellent Cosmetick Take Alom in fine powder and shake it with whites of new laid eggs being a little heated till such time as they grow thick to an ointment with which anoint the face morning and evening three or four days and it will take away spots and wrinkles and make the skin grow clear and fair VII An excellent Mercurial Cosmetick prevalent against most deformities of the skin Take Mercury purified from all blackness half a pound Mercury Sublimate in powder as much mix them in a stone or marble mortar put them into an Alembick of a straight Orifice put on distilled Vinegar till all be covered three or four fingers letting it stand four dayes daily stirring the same at certain times then it extracts a whitish powder the whitish Vinegar by inclination separate rejecting it and put on other Vinegar the powder at bottom keep so for some days which labour you must so often reiterate till you have abundance of that white powder which dry and keep for use anoint with it by mixing with it a little distilled rain water and it will take away all blemishes of the skin as also Tetters Use it not too often and beware you touch neither eyes nor teeth with it VIII Another of great estimation Take Mercury Sublimate Saccharum Saturni of each two drachms Rose water juice of Limons of each two ounces mix them like to an ointment with which anoint gently at night and the next morning with the Pomatum aforesaid IX To make a kind of Lac Virginis an excellent Cosmetick Take distilled rain water a quart Saccharum Saturni crystallized one ounce mix them and then wash with the water being settled the fine white powder at bottom is also an excellent fucus or paint which may be laid upon the skin if very clear note some use Vinegar instead of the rain water X. To make Oleum Tartari per deliquium Take Salt of Tartar which put into a bag with a corner in a moist Cellar and the oil will distil therefrom in drops with this oil you may mix a little fair water and wash your face at night going to bed and the next morning the face being very clean you may wash with the aforesaid Lac Virginis thus continuing for some days you may create an exquisite and lasting beauty XI A compound Cosmetick esteemed by some of great force Take of the aforesaid Lac Virginis one ounce oil of Tartar aforesaid half an ounce mix them with which wash morning and night for about a week or more as you shall see occasion then anoint with the following ointment XII To make the Cosmetick Ointment aforesaid Take Musk three drachms Ambergriese two drachms Civit one drachm grind them upon a porphyre or marble stone with oil of Ben and Rhodium of each three ounces with which anoint as aforesaid note some instead of the oil of Ben use oil of sweet Almonds XIII A vegetable Cosmetick Besmear your face or skin at night going to bed with the juice of Wake Robin it is excellent XVI An incomparable Cosmetick of Pearl Dissolve Pearls in juice of Limons or distilled Vinegar which digest in Horse-dung till they send forth a clear oil which will swim on the top this is one of the most excellent Cosmeticks or Beautifiers in the world this oil if well prepared is richly worth seven pound an ounce XV. A Cosmetick ointment of great worth Take of our Pomatum aforesaid six ounces Saccharum Saturni two ounces mix them and anoint morning and evening XVI Another very good for the skin Mix Saccharum Saturni one drachm in Vinegar half an ounce which mingle with the glair of eggs and anoint with it XVII A Cosmetick wonderful to make a pleasing ruddy complexion Take oil of Tartar four ounces Alom Sal Gem of each one ounce Borax Camphire of each half an ounce beat them well together to which add of Briony water a pint distil them in balneo and you will have your desire XVIII Another for the same Take Madder Myrrh Saffron Frankincense of each a like bruise and steep all in White-wine with which anoint the face going to bed and in the morning wash it off and the skin will have a gallant pleasing blush XIX To make the Cosmetick of Myrrh very excellent Boil eggs till they are hard slit them and take out the yolks fill them up with powdred myrrh close them together and lay them in a moist Cellar and the myrrh will dissolve into oyl XX. To make a very good Wash to whiten the skin and give a good complexion Take Limons hens eggs boiled of each twelve Turpentine eight ounces distil all in Balneo Mariae with which wash when you wash you may drop into it a drop two or three of oil of Oranges or Cinamon for fragrancy sake XXI A Cosmetick to make a rough skin smooth Take sweet Almonds blanched four pound moisten them with spirit of wine and rose water mixt together of each two ounces beat them together and try them and when they begin to smoak put them into a bag and press them in a press made for that purpose and there will come forth a very clear oil which put into rain water and beat it till it is exceeding white CHAP. XXXVIII Of Cosmeticks which remedy the various Vices of the skin I. TO take away Sun-burnings To glair of ten eggs put Sugar-candy one ounce and anoint with it going to bed or anoint with the juice of Sow-bread at night going to bed in the morning with oil Omphacine The like effects hath our Lac Virginis at the ninth Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter as also Oleum Tartari and other things of like nature II. To take away redness and Pimples First prepare the skin by bathing it often with the decoction of wheat-bran and applying pultisses of bread milk and
one ounce Labdanum half an ounce Mace Cloves Cinnamon Sanders Lignum Aloes of each one ounce Spikenard one ounce all being grosly beaten digest a month then in a glass retort distil in Balneo XII The twelfth sweet water called Aqua Moschata Take spirit of Wine two pound Musk three scruples Amber two scruples Civet one scruple digest in the Sun twenty days close stopped in a glass vessel a drop of this water put into any other liquor will very perfume it So may you extract the scent out of sweet Flowers with this difference that they lie but a little while because their earthy substance will make the spirit ill-favoured CHAP. XLV Of Perfuming Oils I. TO make Perfuming Oils by infusion II. This is taught fully at the fifth Section of the three and fortieth Chapter aforegoing II. To make Oleum Imperiale Take Ambergriese four drachms Storax Calamita eight ounces rose-Rose-water Oleum Rosatum of each two pound Oil of Cinnamon and Cloves of each half a drachm put all into a glass and digest in horse dung twenty days this done gently boil all for a quarter of an hour which then let cool with a spoon take off the Oil which swims a top to which put of Musk and Zibet of each two drachms digest all in a gentle heat for twenty days and keep it for use Where note the Amber and Storax at bottom will serve to make sweet balls of to lay among cloaths or beads to carry in ones hands or for a perfume to burn III. To make Oil of Cinnamon Digest Cinnamon grossy bruised in spirit of Wine sharpned with oil of Salt in a glass vessel with a blind head closely luted in a gentle heat for ten days then distil in an Alembick as we have more at large taught in our Synopsis Medicinae lib. 3. cap. 47. Sect. 1. it is a wonderful Perfume the most fragrant and pleasant of all Oils as well in tast as smell the use of it will certainly take away a stinking Breath IV. To make Oil of Roses called adeps Rosarum Take Damask Roses pickle them with Bay salt and after three months with a large quantity of water distil in ashes with a gentle fire so have you Oil and Spirit or water which keep for other distillations Weckerus hath it thus Rosarum folia in umbra aliquandiu asservata in matula vitrea magna ponuntur cujus sit fundus latus ad dimidium vas impletur indè affunditur ipsis Rosarum foliis tantum aquae rosaceae stillatitiae quantum satis fuerit ut optimè madeant appositóque pileo vitreo caeco stipatisque optimè rimis cera gummata quindecim diebus equino fimo macerantur sic tamen ut mutato cùm frigescere coeperit fimo calor aequalis servetur Apposito mox matulae rostrato pileo igne moderato cinerum aqua omnis elicitur quae rursus in eadem matula optime priùs à foecibus mundata ablutáque ponitur calentis aquae balneo lentissimo igne elicitur dum tota in vas recipiens abeat Nam in fundo matulae remanebit oleum rosarum colore rubrum perspicuum Moschi odore suaviter fragrans This is the greatest of all vegetable perfumes and of an inestimable value V. To make Oil of Calamus Aromaticus It is made as oil of Cinnamon it is a very great perfume helps a stinking breath vomiting weak memory c. VI. To make Oil of Rhodium It is made as oil of Cinnamon is a very excellent perfume good for the head breath and the senses VII To make Oil of Indian Spicknard By infusion it is made by the first Section by distillation as oil of Cinnamon It is an eminent Perfume VIII To make Oil of Benjamin Take Benjamin six ounces in powder which dissolve in oil of Tartar and Aqua Rosarum of each one pound which distil with a close pipe in an Alembick So is made oil of Storax and Labdanum IX To make oil of Storax compound Take oil of Ben or sweet Almonds one pound Storax grosly beaten four ounces Benjamin Cloves of each two ounces digest till the Gums are melted over hot coals then press out the oil diligently CHAP. XLVI Of Perfuming Essences I. THe way to extract Essences is somewhat difficult viz by Distillation Calcination Digestion or Menstruum II. If by Menstruum use not a watry one for a watry essence nor an oily one for an oily essence because being of like natures they are not easily separated but on the contrary chuse an oily Menstruum for a watry essence and a watry Menstruum for an oily essence III. If the essence of any metal be to be extracted by a corrosive menstruum after the work is done separate the salts from the waters and use only those salts which will be easily taken out again Vitriol and Alom are very difficult to be separated by reason of their earthy substance IV. To extract the essence out of Musk Ambergriese Civet and other Spices or Aromaticks Mix the perfume with oil of Ben which in a glass bottle set in the Sun or Sand for ten days then strain it from the dregs and the essence will be imbibed in the oil Then take spirit of Wine and distilled fountain water which mix with the said oil and digest for six days then distil in sand so will the essence and water ascend the oil remaining at bottom without any scent that essence and water distil in Balnce in a glass vessel till the water be come off and leave the essence in the bottom in the form of oil V. Another way to do the same Infuse the matter in spirit of Wine a sufficient quantity digest and ferment for ten days then distil in sand as long as any water will come over but have a care of buring which distilled Liquor draw off in Balneo with a very gentle heat and the quintessence will be left in the bottom of a liquid form VI. To extract the essence our of Herbs and Flowers as of Sweet Majoram Basil Orange-flowers Jasemin c. Bruise the matter and put it into a glass vessel to ferment in Horse-dung for a month then distil in Balneo set it in dung for a week again and distil in Balneo again which reiterate so long as it will yield any liquor put the distilled matter upon the Caput mortuum distilling thus for six days draw off the water in Balneo and the essence remaining express in a press which being a week fermented in dung will yield the perfect scent colour and vertues of the matter desired VII To extract the essence out of Salts Calcine the Salt and grind it very small then lay it upon a marble in a moist Cellar setting under it a pan to receive the dissolution therein let it ferment for a month then with a gentle fire distil in Balneo cast away the insipid water which comes from it and set that which remains in the bottom to ferment another month then distil
Or you may black the Varnish with a candle as we taught at the second Section of the eighth Chapter and then warm it over the fire till the varnish begin to melt CHAP. XIII The way of Etching upon the soft Varnish I. THE way of Etching is the same with that in the hard Varnish only you must be careful not to hurt your varnish which you may do by placing on the sides of your plate two little boards and laying cross over them another thin one so as that it may not touch the plate on which you must rest your hand whilst you work II. Then place the plate on a Desk if you so please for by that means the superfluous matter will fall away of it self III. But if you have any design to transfer upon the plate from any Copy or Print scrape on the backside thereof some red Chalk all over then go over that by scraping some soft Charcoal till it mingle with the Chalk and with a large stiff pencil rub it all over till it be fine and eaven and so lay down the design upon the plate with a blunt Needle draw over the out stroaks and as you work you need not scratch hard into the Copper only so as you may see the Needle go through the Varnish to the Copper IV. Always be sure when you leave the work to wrap the Plate up in Paper to keep it from hurt and corrupting in the air which may drie the varnish and in Winter time wrap the Plate up in a piece of wollen as well as paper for if the frost get to it it will cause the Varnish to rise from the Copper in the eating An inconveniency also will accrew by letting the Varnish lie too long upon the Plate before the work is finished for three or four months will consume the moisture and so spoil all V. The marking of the design upon the soft varnish is best done with black Lead or Chalk if the ground is white but with red Chalk if the ground is black VI. Having graved what you intend upon the varnish take some fair water a little warm and cast it upon the plate and then with a soft clean Sponge rub upon the white Lead to moisten it all over and then wash the plate to take away the whiting and drie it VII Or lastly with Aqua fortis mixed with fair water wash it all over and by this means you may take away the whiting which then wash with common water and drie it and thus have you the plate prepared for the Aquafortis CHAP. XIV Of using the Aqua fortis and finishing the work I. PUt soft Wax red or green round the brims of the Plate and let it be raised above the varnish about half a Barley corns length so that placing the plate level the water being poured upon the Plate may by this means be retained This done II. Take common Aqua fortis six ounces Common water two ounces mix them and pour it gently upon the plate so that it may cover it fully all over so will the stronger hatchings be full of bubbles while the fainter will appear clear for a while not making any sudden operations to the view III. When you perceive the water to operate a small time pour it off into a glazed carthen dish and throw fair water upon the Plate to wash away the Aqua fortis then drie the plate and where you would have the Cut to be faint tender or sweet cover it with the prepared Oil and then cover the Plate again with Aqua fortis as before leaving it on for eight or ten minutes or longer then put off the Aqua fortis as before washing and drying the Plate and covering with the prepared Oyl other places which you would not have so deep as the rest Lastly put on the Aqua fortis again for the space of half an hour more or less and then pour it off washing the plate with fair water as before As you would have your lines or strokes to be deeper and deeper so cover the sweeter or fainter parts by degrees with the prepared oyl that the Aqua fortis may lie the longer on the deep stroaks Then IV. Take off the border of Wax and heat the plate so that the oyl and varnish may throughly melt which wipe away well with a linnen cloth then rub the plate over with oyl Olive and a piece of an old beaver roll'd up which done touch it with the Graver where need is V. But if any thing be at last forgotten then rub the plate aforesaid with crums of bread so well that no filth or oyl remain upon the Plate VI. Then heat the plate upon a Charcoal fire and spread the soft varnish with a feather upon it as before so that the hatchings may be filled with varnish black it and then touch it over again or add what you intend VII Let your hatchings be made by means of the Needles according as the manner of the work shall require being careful before you put on the Aqua fortis to cover the first graving on the Plate with the prepared Oyl lest the Varnish should not have covered all over then cause the Aqua fortis to eat into the work and lastly cleanse the Plate as before CHAP. XV. Of Limning and the Materials thereof I. LImming is an Art whereby in water Colours we strive to resemble Nature in every thing to the life II. The Instruments and Materials thereof are chiefly these 1. Gums 2. Colours 3. Liquid Gold and Silver 4. The Grindstone and Muller 5. Pencils 6. Tables to Limn in 7. Little glass or China dishes III. The Gums are chiefly these four Gum Arabick Gum Lake Gum Hedera Gum Armoniack IV. The principal Colours are these seven White Black Red Green Yellow Blew Brown out of which are made mixt or compound Colours V. The Liquid Gold and Silver is either natural or artificial The natural is that which is produced of the Metals themselves the Artificial is that which is formed of other colours VI. The Grinding stone Muller Pencils Tables and Shells or little China dishes are only the necessary instruments and attendants which belong to the practice of Limning CHAP. XVI Of the Gumms and their Vse I. THe chief of all is Gum-Arabick that which is white clear and brittle the Gum-water of it is made thus Take Gum-Arabick bruise it and tie it up in a fine clean linnen cloath and put it into a convenient quantity of pure spring-water in a glass or earthen vessel letting the Gum remain there till it is dissolved which done if the water is not stiff enough put more Gum into the cloath but if too stiff add more water of which Gum-water have two sorts by you the one strong the other weak of which you may make a third at pleasure But if you be where Gum-Arabick is not to be got you may instead of that use the preparation of sheeps leather or parchment following Take
of the shreds of white sheep-skins which are to be bad plentifully at Glovers or else of parchments one pound Conduit or running-water two quarts boyl it to a thin gelly then strain it whilst bot through a fine strainen and so use it II. Gum-lake it is made of whites of Eggs beaten and strained a pint Honey Gum-hedera of each two Drachms strong wort four spoonfuls mix them and strain them with a piece of spunge till they run like a clear oyl which keep in a clean vessel till it grows hard This Gum will dissolve in water like Gum-Arabick of which Gum-water is made in like manner it is a good ordinary Varnish for Pictures III. Gum-Hedera or Gum of Ivy it is gotten out of Ivy by cutting with an Axe a great branch thereof climbing upon an Oak-tree and bruising the ends of it with the head of the Axe at a Months end or thereabouts you may take from it a very clear and pure fine Gum like oyl It is good to put into gold size and other colours for these three reasons 1. It abates the ill scent of the size 2. It will prevent bubbles in gold size and other colours 3. Lastly it takes the fat and clamminess off colours besides which it is of use in making Pomanders IV. Gum Armoniacum It is a Forrein Gum and ought to be brought strained Grind it very fine with juyce of Garlick and a little Gum-Arabick water so that it may not be too thick but that you may write with it what you will When you use it draw what you will with it and let it dry and when you gild upon it cut your Gold or Silver to the fashion which you drew with the size or gum then breath upon the size and lay the Gold upon it gently taken up which press down hard with a piece of wool and then let it well dry being dryed with a fine linnen cloath strike off the loose gold so will what was drawn be fairly gilded if it was as fine as a hair it is called Gold Armoniack CHAP. XVII Of the seven Colours in General I. THe chief Whites are these Spodium Ceruse White-lead Spanish-white Egg-shels burnt This Colour is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 video to see because 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whiteness as Aristotle said is the object of sight in Latine Albus from whence the Alps had their name by reason of their continual whiteness with Snow The Spanish-white is thus made Take fine Chalk three Ounces Alom one Ounce grind them together with fair water till it be like pap roul it up into balls which dry leisurely then put them into the fire till they are red hot take them out and let them cool it is the best white of all to garnish with being ground with weak gum-water II. The chief Blacks are these Hartshorn burnt Ivory burnt Cherry-stones burnt Lamp-black Charcoal Black in Latine Niger is so called from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifies dead because putrified and dead things are generally of that colour Lamp-black is the smoak of a Link Torch or Lamp gathered together III. The chief Reds are these Vermilion Red-lead Indian-lake Red-oker It is called in Latin Ruber 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 à corticibus vel granis mali punicâ—â— from the Rinds or Seeds of Pomegranates as Scaliger saith IV. The chief Greens are these Green Bice Verdegriese Verditure Sapgreen This colour is called in Latine Viridis from Vires in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Grass or Green berb which is of this Colour V. The chief Yellows are these Orpiment Masticot Saffron Pink yellow Oker de luce This colour is called in Latine Flavus Luteus in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is Homer 's Epithete for Menelaus where he calls him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 VI. The chief Blews are Ultramarine Indico Smalt Blew bice This colour is called in Latine Caeruleus in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 à 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the name of a stone which yields Ultramarine VII The chiefest Browns are Umber Spanish-brown Colens Earth It is called in Latine Fuscus quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from darkening the Light in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 CHAP. XVIII Of Colours in Particular I. CEruse Grind it with glair of Eggs and it will make a most perfect white II. White-lead Grind it with a weak water of Gum-lake and let it stand three or four days after which if you mix with it Roset and Vermilion it makes a fair Carnation III. Spanish-white It is the best white of all to garnish with ground with weak Gum-water IV. Lamp black ground with Gum-water it makes a good black V. Vermilion Grind it with the glair of an Egg and in the grinding put a little clarified honey to make its colour bright and perfect VI. Sinaper-lake it makes a deep and beautiful red or rather purple almost like unto a Red-rose Grind it with Gum-lake and Turnsole water if you will have it light add a little Ceruse and it will make it a bright Crimson if to Diaper add only Turnsole water VII Red-lead Grind it with some Saffron and stiff Gum-lake for the Saffron makes it orient and of a Marigold colour VIII Turnsole Lay it in a Sawcer of Vinegar and set it over a chafing-dish of coals let it boil then take it off and wring it into a Shell adding a little Gum-Arabick let it stand till it is dissolved It is good to shadow Carnation and all Yellows IX Roset Grind it with Brazil-water and it will make a deep purple put Ceruse to it and it will be lighter grind it with Litmose and it will make a fair Violet X. Spanish brown Grind it with Brazil-water mingle it with Ceruse and it makes a horse-flesh Colour XI Bole Armoniack It is a faint Colour its chief use is in making size for burnish'd gold XII Greenbice Order it as you do blew bice when it is moyst and not through dry you may diaper upon it with the water of deep green XIII Verdegriese Grind it with juyce of Rue and a little weak gum-water and you will have a most pure green if you will diaper with it grind it with Lye of Rue or else the decoction thereof and there will be a hoary green Diaper upon Verdegriese green with sap-green also Verdegriese ground with white Tartar and then tempered with gum-water gives a most perfect green XIV Verditure grind it with a weak Gum-Arabick water it is the faintest green that is but is good to lay upon black in any kind of drapery XV. Sap-green lay it in sharp vinegar all night put it into a little Alom to raise its colour and you will have a good green to diaper upon other greens XVI Orpiment Arsenicum or Auripigmentum grind it with a stiff water of Gum-lake because it is the best colour of it self it will lie upon no green for all greens white
and not with gum water XXVI To make a Yellow Green or Purple Buckthorn Berries gathered green and steeped in Alom water yield a good yellow but being through ripe and black by the eighteenth Section of the twenty first Chapter of the third Book they yield a good green and lastly being gathered when they are ready to drop off which is about the middle or end of November their juice mixt with Alom water yields a good purple colour CHAP. XX. Of Colours for Drapery I. FOR Yellow garments Take Masticot deepned with brown Oker and red Lead II. For Scarlet Take Vermilion deepned with Sinaper lake and heightned with touches of Masticot III. For Crimson Lay on Lake very thin and deepen with the same IV. For Purple Grinde Lake and Smalt together or take blew Bice and mix it with red and white Lead V. For an Orient Violet Grind Litmose blew Smalt and Ceruse but in mixture let the blew have the upper hand VI. For Blew Take Azure deepned with Indie blew or Lake heightned with white VII For black Velvet Lay the garment first over with Ivory black then heighten it with Cherrystone black and a little white VIII For black Sattin Take Cherrystone black then white deepned with Cherrystone black and then lastly Ivory black IX For a pure Green Take Verdegriese bruise it and steep it in Muscadine for twelve hours then strain it into a shell to which add a little Sap green but put no gum thereto X. For a Carnation Grind Ceruse well washed with red Lead or Ceruse and Vermilion XI For Cloth of Gold Take brown Oker and liquid Gold water and heighten upon the same with small stroaks of Gold XII For white Sattin Take first fine Ceruse which deepen with Cherrystone black then heighten again with Ceruse and fine touches where the light falleth XIII For a russet Sattin Take Indy blew and Lake first thin and then deepned with Indy again XIV For a hair Colour It is made out of Masticot Umber yellow Oker Ceruse Oker de Rous and Sea-coal XV. For a Popinjay green Take a perfect green mingled with Masticot XVI For changeable Silk Take water of Masticot and red Lead which deepen with Sap green XVII For a light Blew Take blew Bice heightned with Ceruse or Spodium XVIII For to shadow Russet Take Cherrystone black and white lay a light russet then shadow it with white XIX For a Skie colour Take blew Bice and Venice Ceruse but if you would have it dark take some blew and white XX. For a Straw colour Take Masticot then white heightened with Masticot and deepned with Pink. Or thus Take red Lead deepned with Lake XXI For Yellowish Thin Pink deepned with pink and green Orpiment burned makes a Marigold colour XXII For a Peach colour Take Brazil water Log water and Ceruse XXIII For a light Purple Mingle Ceruse with Logwood water or take Turnsole mingled with a little Lake Smalt and Bice XXIV For a Walnut colour Red Lead thinly laid and shadowed with Spanish brown XXV For a Fire colour Take Masticot and deepen it with Masticot for the flame XXVI For a Tree Take Umber and white wrought with Umber deepned with black XXVII For the Leaves Take Sap green and green Bice heighten it with Verditure and white XXVIII For Water Blew and white deepned with blew and heightned with white XXIX For Banks Thin Umber deepned with Umber and black XXX For Feathers Take Lake frizled with red Lead CHAP. XXI Of Liquid Gold and Silver I. LIquid Gold or Silver Take five or six leaves of Gold or Silver which grind with a stiff gum Lake water and a good quantity of salt as small as you can then put it into a vial or glazed vessel add so much fair water as may dissolve the stiff gum water then let it stand four hours that the gold may settle decant the water and put in more till the gold is clean washed to the gold put more fair water a little sal Armoniack and common salt digesting it close for four days then put all into a piece of thin Glovers leather whose grain is peeled off and hang it up so will the sal Armoniack fret away and the gold remain behind which keep Or thus Grind fine leaf Gold with strong or thick gum water very fine and as you grind add more thick gum water being very fine wash it in a great shell as you do bice then temper it with a little quantity of Mercury sublimate and a little dissolved gum to bind it in the shall shake it and spread the Gold about the sides thereof that it may be all of one colour and fineness which use with fair waters as you do other Colours The same observe in liquid Silver with this observation That if your Silver by length of time or humidity of the air becomes rusty then cover the place with juice of Garlick before you lay on the Silver which will preserve it When you use it temper it with glair of eggs and so use it with pen or pencil Glair of Eggs is thus made Take the whites and beat them with a spoon till that rise all in a foam then let them stand all night and by morning they will be turned into clear water which is good glair II. Argentum Musicum Take one ounce of tin melt it and put thereto of Tartar and Quicksilver of each one ounce stir them well together until they be cold then beat it in a mortar and grind it on a stone mix it with gum water write therewith and afterwards polish it III. Burnished Gold or Silver Take gum-lake and dissolve it into a stiff water then grind a blade or two of Saffron therewith and you shall have a fair gold when you have set it being throughly dry burnish it with a dogs tooth Or thus having writ with your pen or pencil what you please cut the Leaf Gold or Silver into pieces according to the draught which take up with a feather and lay it upon the drawing which press down with a piece of wool and being dry burnish it IV. Gold Armoniack This is nothing but that which we have taught at the fourth Section of the sixteenth Chapter of this Book V. Size for burnished Gold Take Bole Armoniack three drachms fine Chalk one drachm grind them as small as you can together with fair water three or four times letting it dry after every time then take glair and strain it as short as water with which grind the Bole and Chalk adding a little gum Hedera and a few blades of Saffron grind all as small as possible and put them into an Ox horn I judge a glass vessel better and set it to rot in horse dung for six weeks then take it up and let it have air and keep it for use It s use is for gilding parchments book covers and leather thus lay this size first upon the parchment then with a feather lay the Gold or Silver upon
body you draw be in Armour lay liquid silver all over for a ground well dried and burnished shadow it with Silver Indico and Umber according as the life directs you III. For Gold Armour lay liquid gold as you did the silver and shadow upon it with Lake English Oker and a little gold IV. For Pearls your ground must be Indico and white the shadows black and pink V. For Diamonds lay a ground of liquid silver and deepen it with Cherrystone black and Ivory black VI. For Rubies lay a silver ground which burnish to the bigness of a Rubie then with pure Turpentine temper'd with Indian Lake from a small wire heated in a Candle drop upon the burnished place fashioning it as you please with your Instruments which let lie a day or two to dry VII For Emeraulds or any green stone temper Turpentine with Verdigriese and a little Turmerick root first scraped with Vinegar drying it grind it to fine powder and mix it VIII For Saphyres mix or temper Ultramarine with pure Turpentine which lay upon a ground of liquid Silver polisht To make liquid Gold or Siver see the first Section of the twenty first Chapter of this Book CHAP. XXVII Of Limning Landskip ALL the variable expressions of Landskip are innumerable they being as many as there are men and fancies the general rules follow I. Always begin with the Sky Sunbeams or lightest parts first next the yellowish beams which make of Masticot and white next the blewness of the Skie which make of Smalt only II. At first colouring leave no part of the ground uncovered but lay the colours smooth all over III. Work the Sky downwards towards the Horizon fainter and fainter as it draws nearer and nearer the earth the tops of mountains far remote work so faint that they may appear as lost in the air IV. Let places low and near the ground be of the colour of the earth of a dark yellowish or brown green the next lighter green and so successively as they lose in distance let them abate in colour V. Make nothing which you see at a distance perfect by expressing any particular sign which it hath but express it in colours as weakly and faintly as the eye judgeth of it VI. Always place light against darkness and darkness against light by which means you may extend the prospect as a very far off VII Let all shadows lose their force as they remove from the eye always letting the strongest shadow be nearest hand VIII Lastly Take Isinglass in small pieces half an ounce fair Conduit water two quarts boil it till the glass is dissolved which save for use with which mix spirit or oyl of Cloves Roses Cinnamon or Ambergriese and lay it on and about the Picture where it is not coloured lest it should change the Colours but upon the Colours use it without the perfumes so it will varnish your Pictures and give them a gloss retaining the glory of their colours and take from them any ill scent which they might otherwise retain Horat. Epod. 16. Vos quibus est virtus mulicbrem tollite luctum Etrusca praeter volate littora Nos manet Oceanus circumvagus arva beata Petamus arva divites insulas Reddit ubi Cererem tellus inarata quotannis Et imputata floret usquè vinea Germinet nunquam fallentis termes olivae Suámque pulla ficus ornat arborem Illis injussae veniunt ad mulctra capellae Refértque tenta grex amicus ubera Nec Vespertinus circumgemit ursus ovile Nec intumescit alta viperis humus Pluráque felices mirabimur ut neque largis Aquosus Eurus arva radat imbribus Pinguia nec siccis urantur semina glebis Utrumque rege temperante Coelitum Non huc Argoo contendit remige pinus Neque impudica Colchis intulit pedem Non huc Sidonii torserunt cornua nautae Laboriosa nec cohors Ulyssei Nulla nocent pecori contagia nullius astri Gregem aeftuosa torret impotentia Jupiter illa piae secrevit littora genti Ut inquinavit aere tempus aureum You nobler spirits hence with womens tears Sail from Etruscan confines free from fears The Earth encircling Ocean us invites Rich Islands Fields Fields blest with all delights Where Lands untill'd are yearly fruitful seen And the unpruned vine perpetual green Still Olives by the faithful branch are born And mellow Figgs their native trees adorn There milchy goats come freely to the pail Nor do glad flocks with dugs distended fail The mighty Bear roars not about the fold Nor hollow earth doth poysonous Vipers hold Add to this happiness the humid East Doth not with frequent showers the fields infest Nor the fat seeds are parcht in barren land The powers above both temp'ring with command No Bark came hither with Argoan oar Ner landed wanton Colchis on this shoar Cadmus with filled sails turn'd not this way Nor painful troops that with Ulysses stray Here amongst cattel no Contagions are Nor feel flocks droughty power of any star When brass did on the golden Age intrude Jove for the pious did this place seclude Libri Polygraphices secundi FINIS POLYGRAPHICES LIBER TERTIUS Of Painting Washing Colouring Dying Varnishing and Gilding Containing the description and use of all the chief Instruments and Materials the way and manner of working together with the beginning progress and end thereof Exemplified in the Painting of the Antients the washing of Maps Globes or Pictures Dying of Cloath Silks Horns Bones Woods Glass Stones and Metals Together with the Gilding and Varnishing thereof according to any purpose or intent CHAP. I. Of Painting in Oyl and the Materials thereof I. PAinting in Oyl is nothing but the work or Art of Limning performed with colours made up or mixed with oyl II. The Materials of Painting are chiefly seven 1. The Easel 2. The Pallet 3. The Straining frame 4. The Primed cloath 5. Pencils 6. The Stay 7. Colours III. The Easel is a Frame made of wood much like a ladder with sides flat and full of holes to put in two pins to set your work upon higher or lower at pleasure something broader at bottom than at the top on the backside whereof is a stay by which you may set the Easel more upright or sloping IV. The Pallet is a thin piece of wood Peartree or Walnut a foot long and about ten inches broad almost like an Egg at the narrowest end of which is made an hole to put in the thumb of the left hand near to which is cut a notch that so you may hold the pallet in your hand It s use is to hold and temper the Colours upon V. The Streining frame is made of wood to which with nails is fastned the primed cloath which is to be painted upon These ought to be of several sizes according to the bigness of the cloath VI. The Primed cloath is that which is to be painted upon and is thus prepared Take good Canvase and smooth it over with a
coloured Mantle a chaplet of red and white Roses Natural affection in Citron colour Envy in a discoloured green garment full of eyes IX Joy in a green robe and a mantle of divers colours embroidered with flowers a garland of Myrtle in her right hand a Crystal Cruise in her left a golden Cup Pleasure in light garments trimmed with silver and gold Laughter in several Colours X. Wit in a discoloured mantle Jollity in flame colour Pastime in purple trimmed with gold XI Opinion in black Velvet black cap with a white fall Impudence in a party coloured garment Audacity in blush colour XII Honour in a purple robe wrought with gold Liberty in white Safety in Carnation CHAP. XVII Of Colours for Painting Glass I. YEllow Take a very thin piece of pure fine silver and dip it into melted brimstone take it out with a pair of plyers and light it in the fire holding it till it leaves burning then beat it to powder in a brasen mortar then grind it with Gum Arabick water and a little yellow Oker II. Yellow Take fine silver one Drachm Antimony in powder two drachms put them in a hot fire in a crucible for half an hour and then cast it into a brassmortar and beat it into powder to which add yellow Oker six Drachms old earth of rusty Iron seven Drachms grind all well together This is fairer than the former III. White This is the colour of the glass it self you may diaper upon it with other glass or Crystal ground to powder IV. Black Take Jet and Scales of Iron and with a wet feather take up the Scales that fly from the Iron after the Smith hath taken his heat grind them with gum water V. Black Take Iron scales Copper scales of each one Drachm heat them red hot in a clean fire shovel then take Jet half a Drachm first grind them small and temper them with gum water VI. Red. Take Sanguis Draconis in powder put to it rectified spirit of wine cover it close a little while and it will grow tender wring it out into a pot that the dross may remain in the cloth the clear preserve for use This is a fair red VII Carnation Take tin glass one ounce jet three ounces red oker five ounces gum two drachms grind them together It is a fair Carnation VIII Carnation Take jet four Drachms tin glass or litharge of silver two Drachms gum and scales of Iron of each one Drachm red chalk one ounce grind them IX Green Take Verdigriese and grind it well with Turpentine and put it into a pot warming it at the fire when you use it X. Blew Provide the clearest leads you can get of that colour beat them to powder in a brazen mortar take Goldsmiths Amel of the same colour clear and transparent grind each by it self take two parts of lead and one of Amel grind them together as you did the silver The same understand of Red and Green CHAP. XVIII Of the way of Painting upon Glass I. THere are two manner of ways of painting upon glass the one is for oyl colour the other for such colours as are afterwards to be annealed or burnt on II. To lay oyl colours upon glass you must first grind them with Gum water once and afterwards temper it with Spanish Turpentine lay it on and let it dry by the fire and it is smished III. To anneal or burn your glass to make the colours abide you must make a four square brick furnace eighteen inches broad and deep lay five or six cross Iron bars on the top of it and raise the furnace eighteen inches above the bars then laying a plate of Iron over the bars sift through a five a lay of slack'd lime over the plate upon which lay a row of glass upon that a bed of lime and upon that lime another row of glass thus continue stratum super stratum till the furnace is full IV. Lay also with every bed of glass a piece of glass which you may wipe over with any Colour these are called watches and when you think your glass is burnt enough with a pair of plyers take out the first and lowest watch and lay it on a board and being cold try if you can scrape off the Colour if it hold fast on take out that row always letting it abide the fire till the colour will not scrape off CHAP. XIX Of Washing and the Materials thereof I. BY washing here we intend nothing else but either to set out Maps or Printed Pictures in proper Colours or else to varnish them II. The Instruments and materials of washing are chiefly six to wit I. Alom-water 2. Size 3. Liquid Gold 4. Pencils 5. Colours 6. Varnish III. To make Alom water Take Alom eight ounces sair water a quart boil them till the Alom is dissolved IV. To make size Take glew which steep all night in water then melt it over the fire to see that it be neither too strong nor too weak then let a little of it cool if it be too stiff when it is cold put more water to it if too weak more glew using it lukewarm V. Liquid Gold It is exactly made by the first Section of the 21 Chapter of the second Book VI. Pencils are to be of all sorts both fitch'd and pointed as also a large pencil brush to past Maps upon Cloth another to wet the paper with Alom water a third to starch the face of the picture withal before it be coloured and a fourth to varnish withal VII The colours are the same with those which we mentioned in Chap. 17. lib. 2. to which add 1. Of Black Printers black Franckford black 2. Of Red Vermilion Rosset 3. Of Blew Verditure Litmos Flory 4. Of Yellow Cambogia Yellow berries Orpiment 5. Brazil Logwood ground and Turnsole Cochenele Madder CHAP. XX. Of Colours simple for Washing I. PRinters black Vermilion Rosset Verditure and Orpiment are to be ground as we have taught at the fifth Section of the 22 Chapter of the fecond Book II. Brazil To some ground Brazil put small Beer and Vinegar of each a sufficient quantity let it boil gently a good while then put therein Alom in powder to heighten the Colour and some gum Arabick to bind it boil it till it taste strong on the tongue and make a good red III. Logwood Ground Logwood boiled as Brazil makes a very fair transparent Purple Colour IV. Cochenele Steeped as Brazil was boiled makes a fair transparent purple as thus take Cochenele and put it into the strongest Sope lees to steep and it will be a fair purple which you may lighten or deepen at pleasure V. Madder Take Madder four drachms ground Brazil one ounce Rain water a quart boil away a third part then add Alom half an ounce boil it to a pint then gum Arabick one ounce which boil till it is dissolved cool it stirring it often and strain it for use It is a good scarlet die for Leather VI. Verdigriese
rectified spirit of Wine an ounce and a half more or less to a pint and it is done Where note 1. That unless the Spirits be highly rectified the Varnish connot be good 2. That some put into it Linseed oyl which is naught oyl of ben is better and mix them together 3. Some mix boiled Turpentine with it others Chymical oyls of deep colours as of Cloves Mace Nutmegs Caraways Cinnamon according to the intent 4. That it ought to be kept in a glass bottle close stopped lest it curdle and the gums separate CHAP. XXVI Of the manner of Varnishing I. THe intent of Varnishing is either to preserve the gloss of paintings or pictures or else to represent and imitate the forms of shining and perlucid bodies II. To varnish paintings and pictures 't is no more but with a pencil dipt in the Varnish to go over the same then letting it dry and so going over it so often as in reason you shall see convenient III. If you are to imitate any thing as Marble Tortoise shell Amber Lapis Lazuli or the like you must first make the imitation of them upon that which you would Varnish with their proper colours as in Limning or Painting with oyl which must be throughly dry then by the second Section go over all with the Varnish so often till you see it thick enough letting it dry every time leisurely For example sake IV. To imitate Marble Take of the Universal Varnish at the eleventh Section of the five and twentieth Chapter with which mingle Lamp black or other black and white Lead finely beaten and with a brush pencil marble the thing you would Varnish according to your fancy lastly being dry strike it again two or three times over with the clear varnish alone and it will be perfect V. To imitate Tortoise shell First lay a white ground then with convenient colours as Vermilion with Auripigment duly mixt with Common Varnish streak and shadow the white ground with any wild fancy as nearly imitating Tortoise shell as you can which being dry strike it here and there with the red Varnish mixed with a little Sinaper or Indian Lake then up and down the work as nature requires touch it with varnish mixed with any good black then stroke it over with Universal Varnish four or five times letting it dry every time lastly let it dry well a week and with Pumice stone in fine powder and a wet cloth polish it by rubbing then go over it again three or four times with the Universal Varnish and if need require polish it again with fine putty as before after which you may once again strike it over with the said Varnish and it will be done VI. To imitate Tortoise shell upon silver or gold A white ground being laid and smeared over with Vermilion or the like lay over the same leaves of silver or gold as we have taught in other places either with gum Ammoniacum Lake common varnish or glair this done and being dryed shadow it according to reason striking it over here and there with yellow varnish and with the yellow varnish mixed with a little red varnish all things being done in imitation of the shell strike it several times over with the Universal Varnish and polish it in all respects as before VII To imitate Lapis Lazuli Upon a ground of white Lead Spodium or the like in common Varnish being first dry lay Vltramarine or some other pure blew well mixed with the Uniâ—â—â—sal Varnish so as that the ground may not appear then with wild irregular streaks in resemblance of Nature with liquid or shell gold run straglingly all over the blew adding very small specks upon the blew part of such various colours as are usually to be seen upon the stone CHAP. XXVII Experimental Observations of Vegetable Colours in General I. A Strong infusion of galls filtred mixed with a strong and clear solution of Vitriol makes a mixture as black as Ink which with a little strong oyl of Vitriol is made transparent again after which the black colour is regained again by the affusion of a little quantity of a strong solution of salt of Tartar The first black although pale in writing yet being dry appears to be good Ink. II. Decoction of dried red roses in fair water mixed with a little filtrated solution of blew vitriol made a black colour this mixed with a little Aqua fortis turn'd it from a black to a deep red which by affusion of a little spirit of Urine may be reduced straight to a thick and black colour III. Yellow wax is whitened by dissolving it over the fire in spirit of wine letting it boil a little and then exhaling the spirit of wine or else whilst it is hot sepâ—rating it by filtration IV. Fair water mixed with a blood red Tincture of Benjamin drawn with spirit of wine immediately makes it of a milk white colour V. Blackness may be taken away with oyl of Vitriol so black pieces of silk or hair I have turn'd to a kind of yellow VI. A handful of Lignum Nephitrioum rasped infused in four pound of spring water yields between the light and the eye an almost golden colour unless the Infusion be too strong but with the eye between the light and it in a clear vial a lovely blew as indeed it is this with spirit of Vinegar may be made to vanish still keeping its golden colour and after with oyl of Tartar per deliquium may be restored again VII Cloths died with blew and Woad is by the yellow decoction of Luteola died into a green VIII Syrup of Violets mixed with a high solution of Gold in Aqua regia produces a reddish mixture and with a high solution of filings of Copper in spirit of Urine a lovely fair green IX Syrup of Violets mixed with a little juice of Lemons spirit of Salt vinegar or the like acid salt will be immediately red but mixt with oyl of Tartar or a solution of pot ashes it will in a moment be perfect green the like in juice of blew bottles X. A good quantity of oyl of Tartar put into a strong solution of Verdigriese gives a delightful blew which may be variously changed by adding spirit of Urine or hartshorn XI Although red roses hung over the fume of Sulphur lose all their redness and become white yet oyl of Sulphur which is nothing but the fumes condensed doth wonderfully heighten the tincture of the same XII Cochenele will have its colour far more heightned by Spirit of Urine than by rectified spirit of wine And one grain of Cochenele in a good quantity of spirit of Urine being put into one hundred twenty six ounces of water tinged it although but faintly which amounts to above one hundred twenty five thous and times its own weight XIII Twenty grains of Cochenele being mixed with an ounce of Saecharum Saturni makes a most glorious purple colour and so accordingly as the quantity is either diminished or
encreased so the purple colour shall be either lighter or deeper XIV A few Grains of Cochenele being mixed with the Lixivium of Quicklime in a due proportion makes a fading purple colour of the greatest glory imaginable in the world XV. The juice of privet berries with spirit of salt is turned into a lovely red but with a strong solution of pot ashes into a delightful green XVI Upon things red by nature as syrup of Clove-gilliflowers juice of Buckthorn berries infusion of red roses Brazil c. Spirit of Salt makes no considerable change but rather a lighter red but other salts turn them into a greenish especially juice of buckthorn berries XVII Juice of Jasmin and snow drops by a strong alcalizate solution was although of no colour turned into a deep greenish yellow XVIII Buckthorn berries being gathered green and dried are called sap-berries which being infused in Alom water gives a fair yellow which is used by Book-binders for the edges of their books and to colour leather also being gathered when they are black they are called sap green and make a green colour being put into a brass or copper vessel for three or four days or a little heated upon the fire and mixed with Alom in powder and pressed forth so put into bladders hanging it up till it is dry And being gathered about the end of November when they are ready to drop they yield a purplish colour XIX Tincture of Cochenele diluted never so much with fair water will never yield a yellow colour a single drop of a deep solution in spirit of Urine diluted in an ounce of fair water makes a fair pink or carnation XX. Oyl or spirit of Turpentine digested with pure white Sugar of lead yields in a short time a high red tincture which Chymists call Balsamum Saturni XXI Spirit of Salt dropt into a strong infusion of Cochenele or juice of black cherries makes immediately a fair red but dropt into the Infusion of Brazil a kind of yellow so the filtrated tincture of Balaustins mixed with good spirit of Urine or the like turns of a darkish green but with spirit of salt a high redness like rich Claret wine which glorious colour may in a moment be destroyed and turned into a dirty green by spirit of Urine XXII A high Infusion of Lignum Nephriticum mixed with spirit of Urine gives so deep a blew as to make the liquor opacous which after a day or two vanishes and leaves the liquor of a bright amber colour Where note that instead of Spirit of Vrine you may use oyl of Tartar or a strong solution of pot ashes XXIII Infusion of Logwood in fair water mixt with spirit of Sal Armoniack straight turns into a deep rich lovely purple two or three drops to a spoonsul is enough lest the colour be so deep as to be opacous XXIV Spirit of Sal Armoniack will turn syrup of Violets to a lovely green XXV Infusion of Litmoss in fair water gives in a clear glass a purple colour but by addition of spirit of Salt it will be wholly changed into a glorious yellow XXVI The Infusions and juices of several plants will be much altered by a solution of Lead in spirit of Vinegar it will turn infusion of red rose leaves into a sad green XXVII So Tincture of red roses in fair water would be turned into a thick green with the solution of Minium in spirit of Vinegar and then with the addition of oyl of Vitriol the resolved Lead would precipitate white leaving the liquor of a clear high red colour again XXVIII We have not yet found that to exhibit strong variety of colours there need be imployed any more than these five White Black Red Blew Yellow for these being variously compounded and decompounded exhibit a variety and number of colours such as those who are strangers to painting can hardly imagine XXIX So Black and White variously mixed make a vast company of light and deep Grays Blew and Yellow many Greens Red and Yellow Orange-tawnies Red and White Carnations Red and Blew Purples c. producing many colours for which we want names XXX Acid salts destroy a blew Colour Sulphurous Urinous or fixed restore it XXXI Acid and Alcalizate salts with many bodies that abound with Sulphureous or oyly parts will produce a red as is manifest in the Tincture of Sulphur made with Lixioiums of Calcined Tartar or pot ashes XXXII Lastly it may be worth tryal since it hath succeeded in some experiments so to take away the colour of a Liquor as that it may be colourless which in what we have tryed was thus first by putting into the Tincture Liquor or juice a quantity of the solution of pot ashes or oyl of Tartar per deliquium and then affusing a good or strong solution of Alom which in our observations precipitated the tinging matter or gathered it into one body like as it were curds and so left the Liquor transparent and clear as Crystal CHAP. XXII General Experimental observations of Mineral Colours I. SVblimate dissolved in fair water and mixed with a little spirit of Urine makes a milk white mixture in a moment which by addition of Aqua Fortis immediately again becomes transparent II. If Sublimate two ounces and Tin-glass one ounce be sublimed together you will have a sublimate not inferiour to the best orient Pearls in the world III. Silver dissolved in Aqua fortis and evaporated to dryness and fair water poured two or three times thereon and evaporated till the calx is dry leaves it of a Snow whiteness which rubbed upon the skin wetted with spittle water or the like produces a deep blackness not to be obliterated in some days With this Ivory hair and horns may be dyed in fair water of a lasting black IV. Coral dissolved by oyl of vitriol Sulphur or spirit of Vinegar and precipitated by oyl of Tartar yields a Snow whiteness The same of crude Lead and Quicksilver dissolved in Aqua Fortis So butter of Antimony rectified by bare affusion in much fair water will though Unctuous be precipitated into the Snâ—w white powder which being washed from its corrosive salts is called Mercurius Vitae the like of which may be made without the addition of any Mercury at all V. Mercury Sublimate and precipitate yields with the spirit of Urine Harts horn or the like a white precipitate but with the solution of Pot ashes or other Lixiviate salts an Orange tawny And if on a filtrated solution of Vitriol you put the solution of a fixed salt there will subside a copious substance far from whiteness which Chymists call the Sulphur of Vitriol VI. If Copper two ounces be mixed with Tin one ounce the reddishness will vanish and if Arsenick calcined with Nitre in a just proportion be mixed with melted Copper it will be blanched both within and without VII Fine powders of blew Bice and yellow Orpiment slightly mixed give a good green and a high yellow solution of
melt it again and quench it in the juice of Celandine melt it again and quench it in salt water then in Vinegar mixed with Sal armoniack and lastly melt it and put it into ashes and it will be well cleansed XIV To make Lead of a golden colour Put Quick-silver one ounce into a Crucible set it over the fire till it is hot then add to it of the best Leaf-gold one ounce and take it from the fire and mingle it with purified Lead melted one pound mingle all well together with an Iron rod to which put of the filterated solution of Vitriol in fair water one ounce then let it cool and it will be of a good colour Dissolve the Vitriol in its equal weight of water XLVI To take away the ringing and softness of Tin Melt the Tin and cast in some Quick-silver remove it from the fire and put it into a glass Retort with a large round belly and a very long neck heat it red hot in the fire till the Mercury sublimes and the Tin remains at bottom do thus three or four times The same may be done by calcining of it three or four times by which means it will sooner be red hot than melt XLVII To take away the softness and creaking noise of Tin This is done by granulating of it often and then reducing it again and quenching it often in Vinegar and a Lixivium of Salt of Tartar The creaking noise is taken away by melting it seven or eight several times and quenching it in Boys Urine or else oyl of Walnuts XLVIII To take away the deaf sound of Tin This is done by dissolving it in Aqua fortis over a gentle fire till the water fly away doing thus so long till it is all turned to a calx which mixed with calx of silver and reduced performs the work XLIX To make that Tin crack not Take Salt Honey of each alike and mix them melt your Tin and put it twelve or more times into it then strain out the Tin and it will purge and leave cracking put it into a crucible which lute and calcine it four and twenty hours and it will be like calx of gold L. To take away the brittleness of any Metal First calcine it and put it under dung then do thus when it is red hot at the fire or melted quench it often in Aqua vitae often distilled or use about them Rosin or Turpentine or the oyl of it or wax suet Euphorbium Myrrh artificial Borax for if a metal be not malleable unctuous bodies will oftentimes make them softer if all these or some of these be made up with some moisture into little Cakes and when the metal yields to the fire by blowing with the bellows we cast in some of them and make them thick like mud or clear thenset the Metal to the fire that it may be red hot in burning coals take it forth quench it in them so let it remain half an hour to drink in Or anoint the Metal with dogs grease and melt it with it for that will take away much of the brittleness of it and make it so that it may be hammered and wrought LI. To colour Metal like gold Take Sal armoniack White Vitriol Stone Salt Verdigriese of each alike in fine powder lay it upon the Metal then put it into the fire for an hour take it out and quench it in Urine and the Metal will have the colour of gold LII To make a kind of Counterfeited Silver of Tin This is done by mingling Silver with Tin melted with Quick-silver continuing it long in the fire then being brittle it is made tough by keeping it in a gentle fire or under hot Embers in a Crucible for about twenty four hours LIII To Solder upon Silver Brass or Iron Take Silver five peny weight Brass four peny weight melt them together for soft Solder which runs soonest Take Silver five peny weight Copper three peny weight melt them together for hard Solder Beat the Solder thin and lay it over the place to be Soldred which must be first fitted and bound together with Wire as occasion requires then take Borax in powder and temper it like pap and lay it upon the Solder letting it dry then cover it with quick coals and blow and it will run immediately then take it presently out of the fire and it is done Note 1. If a thing is to be Soldred in two places which cannot be well done at one time you must first Solder with the hard Solder and then with the soft for if it be first done with the soft it will unsolder again before the other be soldred 2. That if you would not have your Solder run about the piece to be Soldred rub those places over with Chalk LIV. To make the Silver tree of the Philosophers Take Aqua fortis four ounces fine Silver one ounce which dissolve in it then take Aqua fortis two ounces in which dissolve Quick-silver mix these two Liquors together in a clear glass with a pint of pure water stop the glass close and after a day you shall see a Tree to grow by little and little which is wonderful and pleasant to behold LV. To make the Golden tree of the Philosophers Take oyl of Sand or Flints oyl of Tartar per deliquium of each alike mix them well together then dissolve Sol in Aqua Regis and evaporate the menstruum dry the Calx by the fire but make it not too hot for then it will lose its growing quality break it into little bits not into powder which bits put into the aforesaid liquor a fingers breadth one from another in a very clear glass keep the liquor from the Air and let the Calx stand still and the bits of Calx will presently begin to grow first swell then put forth one or two stems then divers branches and twigs so exactly as you cannot but wonder to see Where note that this growing is not imaginary but real LVI To make the Steel tree of the Philosophers Dissolve Steel in rectified spirit or oyl of Salt so shall you have a green and sweet solution swelling like brimstone filter it and abstract all the moisture with a gentle heat and there will distil over a liquor as sweet as rain water for steel by reason of its dryness detains the Corrosiveness of the spirit of Salt which remaineth in the bottom like a blood red mass and it is as hot on the tongue as fire dissolve this blood red mass in oyl of Flints or Sand and you shall see it grow up in two or three hours like a tree with stem and branches If you prove this tree at the test it will yield good gold which it draweth from the oyl of Sand or Flints the said oyl being full of a pure golden Sulphur LVII To make oyl of Flints or Sand. Take of most pure Salt of Tartar in fine powder twenty ounces small Sand Flints pebbles or
of some thickness with it and it will be waved like Marble dry it in the Sun II. To write golden letters on Paper or Parchment This may be done by the ninth tenth and twelvth Sections of the three and thirtieth Chapter of this Book or write with Vermilion ground with Gum Armoniack ground with glair of Eggs and it will be like gold III. To take out blots or make black Letters vanish in Paper or Parchment This may be done with Alom water or with Aqua fortis mixed with common water IV. To make Silver letters in Paper or Parchment Take Tin one ounce Quick-silver two ounces mix and melt them and grind them with Gum water V. To write with green Ink. Take Verdigriese Litharge Quick-silver of each a sufficient quantity grind and mingle them with Urine and it will be a glorious green like an Emerald to write or paint with Or thus Grind juice of Rue and Verdigriese with a little Saffron together and when you would write with it mix it with Gum water Or thus Dissolve Verdigriese in Vinegar strain it then grind it with common water and a little honey dry it then grind it again with gum water and it is done VI. To write on Paper or Parchment with blew Ink. Grind blew with honey then temper it with Glair of Eggs or gum water made of Isinglass VII To Dye Skins Blew Take berries of Elder or Dwarf-elder first boil them then smear and wash the Skins therewith and wring them forth then boil the berries as before in the dissolution of Alom water and wet the Skins in the same water once or twice dry them and they will be very Blew VIII To dye Skins into a reddish Colour First wash the Skin in water and wring it well then wet it with the solution of Tartar and Bay salt in fair water and wring it again to the former dissolution add ashes of Crab shells and rub the Skin very well therewith then wash with common water and wring them out then wash them with tincture of Madder in the solution of Tartar Alom and the aforesaid Ashes and after if not red enough with the Tincture of Brazil IX Another way to Dye them red Wash the Skins and lay them in galls for two hours wring them out and dip them into a colour made with Ligustrum Alom and Verdigriese in water Lastly twice dye them with Brazil boiled with lye X. Another way to Dye them Blew Take the best Indico and steep it in Urine a day then boil it with Alom and it will be good Or temper the Indice with red Wine and wash the Skins therewith XI To dye Skins Purple Take Roch Alom dissolve it in warm water wet the Skins therewith drying them again then take rasped Brazil boil it in water well then let it cool do thus thrice this done rub the dye over the skins with your hand which being drye polish XII To dye Skins of a sad green Take the filings of Iron and Sal armoniack of each steep them in Urine till they be soft with which besmear the skin being stretched out drying it in the shade the colour will penetrate and be green on both sides XIII To dye Skins of a pure sky colour For each skin take Indico an ounce put it into boiling water let it stand one night then warm it a little and with a brush pencil besmear the skin twice over XIV To dye skins of a pure yellow Take fine Aloes one ounce Linseed oyl two pound dissolve or melt them then strain it besmearing the skins therewith being dry varnish them over XV. To dye Skins green Take Sap green Alom water of each a sufficient quantity mix and boil them a little If you would have the colour darker add a little Indico XVI To dye Skins Yellow Infuse Woold in Vinegar in which boil a little Alom Or thus having dyed them Green by the fifteenth Section dip them in decoction of Privit berries and Saffron and Alom water XVII To dye them of an Orange Colour Boil Fustick berries in Alom water but for a deep Orange use Turmerick root XVIII A Liquor to gild Skins Metals or Glass Take Linseed Oyl three pound boil it in a glazed vessel till it burns a feather being put into it then put to it Pitch Rozin dry Varnish or Gum Sandrach of each eight ounces Aloes Hepatica four ounces put all in powder into the oyl and stir them with a stick the fire being a little encreased if the Liquor is too clear or bright you may add ounce or two more of Aloes Socratine and diminish the Varnish so the Liquor will be darker and more like Gold Being boiled take it and strain it and keep it in a Glass for use which use with a pencil CHAP. XXXV Of Wood Horns and Bones I. TO Dye Elder Box Mulberry-tree Pear-tree Nut-tree of the colour of Ebony Steep the wood in Alom water three or four days then boil it in Common Oyl with a little Roman Vitriol and Sulphur Where note the longer you boil the wood the blacker it will be but too long makes them brittle II. To Dye Bones green Boil the Bones in Alom water then take them out dry them and scrape them then boil them in Lime water with a little Verdigriese III. To Dye Wood like Ebony according to Glauber Distil an Aqua fortis of Salt-peter and Vitriol IV. To make Horns black Vitriol dissolved in Vinegar and spirit of Wine will make Horns black so the Snow white Calx of Silver in fair water V. To make Bones white They are strangely made white by boiling with water and Lime continually scumming of it VI. To dye Bones green Take white Wine-vinegar a quart filings of Copper Verdigriese of each three ounces Rue bruised one handful mix them and put the Bones therein for fifteen days VII To Dye Wood Horn or Bones red First boil them in Alom water then put them into tincture of Brazil in Alom water for two or three weeks or into Tincture of Brazil in Milk VIII To Dye them Blew Having first boiled themâ— in Alom water then put them into the Dissolution of Indico in Urine To Dye them Green like Emeralds Take Aqua fortis and put as much filings of Copper into it as it will dissolve then put the Wood Horns or Bones therein for a night X. To Dye Bristles and Feathers Boil them in Alom water and after while they are warm put them into Tincture of Saffron if you would have them yellow or juice of Elder berries if blew or in Tincture of Verdigriese if green XI To Dye an Azure Colour Take Roch Alom filings of Brass of each two ounces Fish glew half an ounce Vinegar or Fair water a pint boil it to the Consumption of the half XII To soften Ivory and Bones Lay them twelve hours in Aqua fortis then three days in the juice of Beets and they will be tender and you may make of them what you will To
of beauty when art affords an innocent supply but with confidence crucify that evil conscience which forbids the use of a little oyl to make a chearful countenance and the drinking of a little wine to make a merry heart Borrow our Artificial beautifiers and become splendid that you may be fit to be gathered by the hand of some metamorphosed Hero lest in the garden of Deformities growing green with sickness you should be taken for thistles and so crop'd by Asses II. To cleanse the face and skin Before any thing be used to paint or make the skin beautiful it must be made very clean thus first wash with warm water and sweet scented wash-balls very well then rub the face with a cloth and wash well with water in which Wheat-bran is boiled so is the skin prepared Or thus Take Sublimate one ounce glair of six eggs boil them in a glass vessel till they grow thick then press out the water with which wash the skin III. To make a white Fucus or Paint Take Talk and powder it by beating of it in a hot mortar to the powdred Talk add distilled Vinegar boil it at a gentle fire in a wide glass let the fat froth that swims at top be taken off with a spoon then evaporate the vinegar and mix the remaining cream with flegm of common Salt or a little Pomatum with which wash or anoint the face and it will beautify it much IV. Another very excellent Take Crude Talk in powder one ounce oil of Camphire two ounces digest till the oil is white it is a noble Fucus for Ladies faces V. To make the aforesaid oyl of Camphire Take Camphire four ounces Bole twelve ounces make them into balls and dry them in the Sun then distill them in sand in a glass retort into a receiver that hath distilled rain water therein first there will come forth a white matter which melts in the Alembick and falls into the receiver then a clearer water and at last with a stronger fire the oil we speak of sweet scented which rectified with spirit of wine will be yellow as Gold VI. Another excellent Fucus made of Pearl Dissolve Pearl in distilled Vinegar precipitate with oyl of Sulphur per Campanum then sweeten and digest with spirit of wine abstract the spirit and you have a magisterial Fucus will melt like butter VII To make the best Fucus or Paint as yet known Take Venetian Talk cleave it into slices digest it in the heat of the Sun or of a horse-dunghil for a month with distilled vinegar made of Spanish wine adding every day new distilled Vinegar to the former till the Vinegar be mucilaginous which then distill by a luted retort and a large receiver with a naked fire First there comes forth the Vinegar then a white oil which separate After you have cleansed the skin by the second Section then first wash with the vinegar after anoint with the oil if the face be first well wash'd from all impurity this one anointing may hold for a month without fading This Cosmetick if rightly prepared is worth about five pound an ounce VIII An excellent Fucus made of a Bulls gall Take Bulls galls dryed in the Sun whose tincture extract with spirit of wine with which besmear the face being cleansed by the second Section leaving it on for three or four days without going abroad or exposing the skin to the air at the end of the time cleanse the face by the second Section so almost to a miracle the skin of the face and neck is rendered most gratefully white soft delicate and amiable This is the Spanish Fucus which several Ladies now use IX To make an excellent red Fucus Make a decoction of red Sanders in double distilled vinegar adding a little Alom with a few grains of Musk Amber-griese or of some sweet Spices and you will have a perfect red Fucus for the face X. Another very excellent Take juice of Clove-gilliflowers with which mix a little juice of Limons with this paint your face and you shall have a pleasing red colour XI To do the same another away Make a strong infusion of Clove-gilliflowers in rectified spirit of wine adding a few drops of oil of Vitriol or instead thereof a little Alom and the juice of a Citron or Limon so shall you have an excellent colour to beautifie the face with XII A Fueus or Paint not easie to be discovered Take seeds of Cardamoms or grains of Paradise Cubebs Cloves and raspings of Brazil which infuse in rectified spirit of wine for ten days over a gentle heat then separate the spirit this is so perfect a Fucus that it may deceive any man for this clear water gives a fresh red and lovely colour which will last long XIII A Fucus or Cosmetick of river Crabs Takes of the flesh which remains in the extremities of the great claws of river Crabs being boiled a sufficient quantity which dry gently and then extract a deep tincture with rectified spirit of wine evaporate part of the menstruum till the tincture have a good thickness or body with which the skin being cleansed anoint the cheeks first applying over it some other albifying Cosmetick XIV Spanish wool wherewith women paint their faces red Boil shearings of Scarlet in water of quick-lime half an hour of which take two pound to which put Brazil two ounces rasped Roch Alom Verdigriese of each one ounce Gum Arabick two drcahms boil all for half an hour which keep for use XV. To do the same another way Take Spirit of wine one pound Cochenele half an ounce rasped Brazil one ounce Gum Armoniack three drachms mix and digest till the Gum is dissolved then boil it gently and strain it for use into which you may put old linnen rags or Spanish wool at pleasure CHAP. XXXVII Of Cosmeticks which beautifie without any thing of Paint I. AN excellent Cosmetick or Liquor of Talk Take powder of Talk made by rubbing it with pumice stones or beating it in a very hot mortar or filing it with a Goldsmiths smoothing file eight ounces Salis Tartari sixteen ounces calcine it twelve hours in a wind furnace and set it in a Cellar separating that which melts from that which doth not then calcine this dry Calx added to four times its weight of Salnitre with a strong fire so the Talk will be melted into a clear white mass which being set in a Cellar will turn to a clammy liquor This wonderfully whitens and beautifies the skin and takes away spots and freckles from the face but you must not leave the liquor long on but wash it off with decoction of wheat bran that it corrode not the skin II. To make the skin soft and smooth The face being very clean by the second Section of the six and thirtieth Chapter wash it very well with a Lixivium of Salt of Tartar and after that anoint it with Pomatum or which is better oil of sweet Almonds doing this every night going
oil thereto when the skin is thus suppled and rarified you may cure them either by our liquor of Talk at the first Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter or mercurial Cosmetick at the seventh Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter or our Lac Virginis and oil of Tartar at the ninth and tenth Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter or by often washing with juice of Limons III. To take away Freckles Take juice of Limons put it into a glass bottle to which put fine Sugar and borax in powder digest it eight dayes in Sand then use it or mix Sal Tartari with whites of eggs and apply it or often use our compound Cosmetick at the eleventh Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter or oil of Tartar alone for some weeks but if all fail you must have recourse to our Liquor of Talk at the first Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter or Mercurial Cosmetick at the seventh Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter IV. To take away Spots from the face or skin This is done by anointing with oil of Tartar for ten days and after all that to wash it with a Lixivium of Quicklime in which Sal armoniack hath been dissolved for a long time or you may use the Cosmetick at the third Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter camphorated V. To cleanse a scurffy Skin If the creature be fat foment first with a Lixivium of Salt of Tartar but if lean make a fomentation of Borrage Bugloss and Mallow leaves which use for some days this being done bath the place where the scurff is with Spiritus Nicotianae made by fermentation which being dryed in anoint first with oil of Tartar then with oil of Almonds repeating the three last works so often till the scurff goes away If all these fail you must have recourse to our liquor of Talk or Mercurial Cosmetick or those at the fifth and eighth Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter which without doubt will peform your desire VI. To free the Skin from Tetters and Ring-worms Dissolve Sublimate one ounce in a glass of Red-wine by boiling with which wash the place morning and evening letting it dry of it self for three or four days together and it will certainly cure if they be not inveterate our liquor of Talk at the first Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter or Mercurial Cosmetick may sufficiently do or you may anoint with this ointment Take Sal Tartari two drachms burnt Alom three drachms powder and incorporate with whites of eggs or this take Sulphur vive three drachms Camphire one drachm Hogs-griese two ounces mix and make an ointment VII To take away wrinkles from the Skin Take oil of Almonds lees of oil Olive and make them into an ointment with wax powder of Camphire and Mastich with which anoint Oil of Myrrh to anoint with is eminent in this case or wash with a decoction of Briony roots and figs of each alike or dissolve Gum Tragacanth in Lac Virginis and wash with that Excellent good is a strong decoction of Pomegranate pills in White-wine to wash often with VIII To take away Warts The juice of the greater Spurge with Salt anointed takes them away so also a continual washing with a Lixivium of Quicklime and Salt of Tartar The juice of Verrucaria performs the same A plaister of Cantharides with a defensative is very good in this case so also this following wash take Saccharum Saturni three ounces Sal Armoniack one ounce Vitriol common six drachms Quicklime eight ounces boil all in water four pound to the consumption of the half with which often bath the warts and then wash with our Mercurial water Black Soap hath often been found very good but especially a plaister of Turpentine IX To heal Chaps in the Skin Our Pomatum in this case is most excellent yet this following is commendable Take Capons griess mixed well with Camphire and anoint with Oil of Turpentine two drachms mixed with Vnguentum Populeon two ounces is very good So also oil of Roses mixed with Sheep Suet and wax to an ointment X. To heal Burnings and Scaldings Excellent good is the Vnguentum Rubrum in our Synopsis Medicinae lib. 3. cap. 58. Sect 1. both to draw out the fire and to heal To draw out the fire also glair of eggs mixed with Rose water is very prevalent so also is Salt raw Onions Soap Yest Oil of Tartar and the like To hinder the rising of the blisters Hens dung three ounces mixed with hogs griese four ounces and Salt of Tartar one ounce is very good so also a cataplasme of Honey and crums of bread but best of all a plaister of strained Opium which performs all the intentions to admiration If the blister break it may be presently skinned by anointing with oil of eggs and washing often with Lac Virginis strewing upon the sore powder of Bole Tutty Ceruse or the like XI To take away scars and marks of the Small Pox. Take of oil of Tartar one ounce and half Ceruse dissolved in oil of Roses one ounce Borax and Sal Gem of each one drachm mix and make an ointment with which anoint Oil of Tartar alone performs this work well so Salt of Tartar mixed with powder of Mirrh and oil of Roses XII To beautifie the Hands To make them soft often anoint with the oil of Almonds or our Pomatum at night going to bed washing them the next norning with decoction of wheat-bran after a while wash them with Salt of Tartar dissolved in fair water perfumed with oil of Cloves Oranges Rhodium or Cinnamon Or this take Venice Soap dissolved in juice of Limons one pound Virgin-honey four ounces Sublimate Orice root Sugar Salt of Tartar Alom Borax of each one ounce Balsom of Peru two drachms oil of Cloves one drachm oil of Rhodium and Cinnamon of each half a drachm make a mixture to wash the hands withal Or this take powder of Venice Soap one pound Orice root eight ounces A mylum six ounces mix them and make an ointment with liquid Storax and oil of Benjamin a sufficient quantity it wonderfully whitens smooths and sweetens the hands To anoint also with a Bulls gall is very good XIII To help hands which are swoln and look red or blew with cold What we even now said in the last Section may be said again here to which we add that a long bathing of them in a larther of Castle Soap is very good if it be done or if a repercussive plaister be applied made of barley meal Saccharum Saturni and oil of Myrtles washing after the coming off of the Cataplasme with juice of Limons or white wine Vinegar a plaister of Turpentine mixed with Salt is good Often to anoint the hands with oil of Roses Almonds or Pomatum at night and the next morning with the Lac Virginis prevails much Oil of Anniseeds Caraways and Fennel prepared chymically as also Cloves and Oranges mixed with oil of Almonds and often used
are eminent above all other things CHAP. XXXIX Of making a Sweet Breath I. ASthinking Breath comes from one of these four causes viz. putrified Lungs defective Teeth a distemper of the Head or obstruction of the Stomach II. To remedy a Stinking Breath coming from putrified Lungs Take Vnguentum Nicotianae one ounce Oleum Succini two drachms mix them and anoint the breast outwardly inwardly give cleansers as oil of Sulphur allayed with Rose water morning and evening as also Antimonium Diophoreticum ten grains five times a day for several days together then heal by giving oil of Almonds mixed with a few drops of oil of Cinnamon or Pills of Turpentine Lastly morning noon and night let this bolus be adhibited take Nutmegs Mace Ginger of each fifteen grains honey two drachms oil of Cinnamon ten drops mix them and continue it for some weeks III. To help the defects of the teeth 1. If the teeth be furred over rub them every morning with cremor Tartari in powder and wash them with White-wine 2. If the teeth be black allay oil of Sulphur or Vitriol in Rose water and scowr them well therewith with the end of a stick and a rag till all the blackness be gone then rub them with oil of Almonds perfum'd with oil of Cinnamon 3. If the teeth be loose first rub them with this powder take Galls Pomgranate flowers Sumach Cyperus of each one ounce Roch Alom half a pound powder them all for use then use this Gargarisme Take Galls one ounce Myrrh Pomgranate peels of each half an ounce boil them in white wine vinegar for a Gargarism Lastly morning noon and night wash the gums with good red Wine by this means the teeth will be fastned and the gums restored 4. If they be in danger of rotting take ashes of Harts-horn magistery of Corral of each one ounce musk or instead thereof oil of Cinnamon ten grains mix for a dentifrice to rub the teeth withal it will keep them white and sound 5. If they he rotten and hollow make little pellets of strained Opium Myrrh and oil of Cinnamon and put them into the hollow tooth 6. If they ach use the aforesaid pellets or make little ones of Laudanum Paracelsi and put them into the hollowness or if they be not hollow tye a little pill of the same up in a fine thin rag and hold it between the aking teeth 7. If they stink often wash them with wine or spirit of wine in which a few drops of oil of Cinnamon and adeps Rosarum is dissolved IV. To rectify a Stinking Breath arising from distemper of the head Consider the cause of the distemper whether it arises from the Pox Imposthumes or the like and follow the method instituted in the Cure of those diseases and then the cause being taken away the effects you will find will soon cease yet nevertheless these following pills are excellent take Calx of refined Silver made by spirit of Nitre and well dulcified by washing in warm rain water one ounce Resinae Scammonii one ounce and half mix them for a mass of pills of which take eight or ten grains at night going to bed every third fourth or fifth day V. To rectifie a Stinking Breath arising from the obstruction of the Stomach This is done by opening and cleansing the Stomach thus Take every morning going to bed half a drachm of Pil. Ruffi for ten or twelve days together or thus first vomit with Vinum Benedictum one ounce or more according as Strength requires twice or thrice then take Pilulae Rudii half a drachm at a time in the morning fasting drinking after it some warm broth or posset drink which repeat every third or fourth day four or five times VI. To rectifie the Breath when it smells of any thing that is eaten Chew Coriander seed or Zedoary in the mouth drinking a good draught of wine after the scent of the wine is taken away by eating four apples or Quinces or by chewing troches of Gum Tragacanth perfumed with oil of Cinnamon CHAP. XL. Of beautifying the Hair I. TO Dye the Hair black This is done with the Calx of Lime made by Spirit of Nitre mixed with fair water and the hair washed therewith with a Spunge it is the most excellent thing of that kind that is yet known II. To keep the hair foom falling off Take Myrtle berries Galls Emblick Myrobalans of each alike boil them in oil Omphacine with which anoint it is an excellent Medicine yet as old as Galen III. To remedy Baldness This is a hard thing to cure yet the following things are very good Rub the head or bald places every morning very hard with a course cloth 'till it be red anointing immediately after with Bears griefe when ten or fifteen days are past rub every morning and evening with a bruised Onion till the bald places be red then anoint with honey well mixed with Mustard seed applying over all a plaister of Labdanum mixed with mice dung and powder of Bees do this for thirty days If all the former fail bath with a decoction of Bur-dock roots made with a Lixivium of Salt of Tartar two parts and muskadel one part immediately applying this Unguent take Thapsi or Turbeth one drachm in powder bears griese one ounce mix them which use for sixty days if this make not the hair come the defect is incurable IV. To take away hair from places where it should not grow Take Quicklime four ounces Auripigmentum one ounce and a half Sulphur vive Nitre of each half an ounce Lixivium of Salt of Tartar a quart mix and boil all so long in a glazed earthen pot till putting a quill therein all the feathers peel off and it is done First soment the place with warm water a little before you use the aforesaid medicine a quarter of an hour after wash with very hot water then anoint with the aforesaid Unguent and in a quarter of an hour it will do the work when the hairs are faln away remember to anoint with oil of Roses now to keep them from ever growing again anoint for some days with an ointment made of the juices of Henbane and Nightshade Opium and Hogs griese V. To make the hair curl Wash the hair very well with a Lixivium of Quick-lime then dry it very well that done anoint it with oil of Myrtles or oil Omphacine and powder it well with sweet powder putting it up every night under a cap if the party be naturally of a cold and moist constitution the washing anointing and powdring must be perpetually used once or twice a week during life the hair being put up every night VI. To make hair lank and flag that curls too much Anoint the hair throughly twice or thrice a week with oil of Lillies Roses or Marsh mallows combing it after it very well VII To make the hair grow long and seft Distill Hogs griese or oil Olive in an Alembick with the oil that comes there-from anoint
out the insipid water as before repeating this work so long as any insipid water may be drawn then evaporate away all the moisture and what remains is the quintessence of Salt Where note 1. That these Saline quintessences as they may be used will draw forth the perfect and compleat essence of any vegetable whatsoever 2. That the essence of Salts thus drawn will scarcely come to two ounces in a pound CHAP. XLVII Of Perfuming Vnguents I. TO make Unguentum Pomatum or Ointment of Apples Take Hogs Lard three pound Sheeps Suet nine ounces bruised Cloves one drachm Aqua Rosarum two ounce Romwaters pared and sliced one pound boil all to the Consumption of the Rose water then strain without pressing to every pound of which add oil of Rhodium and Cinnamon of each thirty drops II. To make a compound Pomatum Take of the Pomatum aforesaid without the oils four pound Spikenard Cloves of each two ounces Cinnamon Storax Benjamin of each one ounce the Spices and Gums bruised and tyed up in a thin rag Rose water eight ounces boil to the Consumption of the Rose water then add white wax eight ounces which mix well by melting strain it again being hot and when it is almost cold mix therewith oil of Musk made by the first Section of the five and fortieth Chapter then put it out and keep it for use III. Another excellent Ointment Take hogs griese one pound Saccharum Saturni two ounces mix them well by gently melting them to which add oils of Musk and Ambergriese of each half an ounce let them all cool and beat the Unguent well in a mortar and keep it for use IV. To make Vnguentum Moschatum Take hogs griese one pound Ambergriese Mosch of each one drachm and a half ground with oil of Jasemin upon a marble adeps Rosarum half an ounce ground with Civet one drachm mix all together into an ointment which keep for use CHAP. XLVIII Of Perfuming Powders I. TO make Powder of Oxe dung Take red Ox dung in the month of May and dry it well make it into an impalpable Powder by grinding it is an excellent Perfume without any other addition yet if you add to one pound of the former Musk and Ambergriese of each one drachm it will be beyond comparison II. To make Cyprian Powder Gather Musk moss of the Oak in December January or February wash it very clean in Rose water then dry it steep it in Rose water for two days then dry it again which do oftentimes then bring it into fine Powder and sierce it of which take one pound Musk one ounce Ambergriese half an ounce Civet two drachms yellow Sanders in powder two ounces mix all well together in a marble mortar III. Another way to make the same Take of the aforesaid powder of Oak moss one pound Benjamin Storax of each two ounces in fine Powder Musk Ambergriese and Civet of each three drachms mix them well in a mortar IV. A Sweet Powder to lay among cloaths Take Damask-rose leaves dryed one pound Musk half a drachm Violet leaves three ounces mix them and put them in a bag V. Another for the same or to wear about one Take Rose leaves dryed one pound Cloves in powder half an ounce Spicknard two drachms Storax Cinnamon of each three drachms Musk half a drachm mix them and put them into bags for use VI. Powder of sweet Orrice the first way Take Florentine Orrice root in powder one pound Benjamin Cloves of each four ounces in powder mix them VII Powder of Florentine Orrice the Second Way Take of Orrice root six ounces Rose leaves in powder four ounces Majoram Cloves Storax in powder of each one ounce Benjamin yellow Sanders of each half an ounce Violets four ounces Musk one drachm Cyperus half a drachm mix them being grosly powdred put them into bags to lay amongst linnen but being fine they will serve for other uses as we shall shew VIII Powder of Orrice roots the third way excellent for linnen in bags Take roots of Iris one pound sweet Majoram twelve ounces flowers of Rosemary and Roman Camomil leaves of Time Geranium Moschatum Savory of each four ounces Cyperus roots Benjamin yellow Sanders Lignum Rhodium Citron peel Storax Labdanum Cloves Cinnamon of each one ounce Musk two drachms Civet one drachm and a half Ambergriese one drachm powder and mix them for bags This composition will retain its strength near twenty years IX Powder of Orrice the fourth Way Take Orrice roots in powder one pound Calamus Aromaticus Cloves dryed Rose leaves Coriander seed Geranium Moschatum of each three ounces Lignum Aloes Majoram Orange peels of each one ounce Storax one ounce and a half Labdanum half an ounce Lavender Spicknard of each four ounces powder all and mix them to which add Musk Ambergriese of each two scruples X. Pulvis Calami Aromatici composuus Take Calamus Aromaticus yellow Sanders of each one ounce Majoram Geranium Moschatum of each one ounce Rose leaves Violets of each two drachms Nutmegs Cloves of each one drachm Musk half a drachm make all into powder which put in bags for Linnen XI Another of the same Take Calamus Aromaticus Florentine Iris roots of each two ounces Violet flowers dryed one ounce round Cyperus roots two drachms adeps Rosarum one drachm and a half reduce all into a very fine powder it is excellent to lay among Linnen or to strew in the hair XII An excellent perfuming Powder for the hair Take Iris roots in fine powder one ounce and a half Benjamin Storax Cloves Musk of each two drachms being all in fine powder mix them for a Persume for hair Powder Take of this Perfume one drachm Rice flower impalpable one pound mix them for a powder for the hair Note some use white starch flower of French Beans and the like CHAP. XLIX Of Perfuming Balsams I. NAtural Balsam perfumed Take Balsamum verum one ounce Musk Ambergriese Civet of each two scruples mix them for a Persume it is the most fragrant and durable of all Persumes II. An odoriferous compound Balsam Take of the aforesaid Balsam perfumed one ounce oils of Rhodium and Cinnamon of each two drachms mix them this is an incomparable Perfume and better than the other for such as are not affected so much with musk III. Balsamum Moschatum Take oil of Musk one drachm oil of Cinnamon half a scruple Virgin wax one drachm and a half melt the wax and mix them according to Art IV. Another very good Take Cloves Cinnamon Lavender Nutmegs of each two drachms oils of Cloves and Rhodium of each half a drachm Wax three drachms Musk and Ambergriese of each ten grains mix them into a Balsam V. Another very excellent for those that love not the scent of Musk and the like Take oil of Geranium Moschatum made as adeps Rosarum by the fourth Section of the five and fortieth Chapter adeps Rosarum oil of Cinnamon of each one drachm Virgin wax
with which anoint any Copper vessel then put that vessel into another and set it into a digestive heat for two months after which cleanse it with a brush and water and it is done XXVI Another way to whiten Copper Take Arsnick calcined with Salt-peter and Mercury Sublimate which cast upon melted Copper and it will be white like Silver XXVII To soften Copper Melt burnt Brass with Borax in a crucible quench it in Linseed oyl and then beat it gently on an Anvil boil it again and quench it in oyl as before doing thus five or six times till it is soft enough and this will neatly unite with Gold of which you may put in more by half than you can of other Brass XXVIII To tinge with Iron a gold colour Lay in a crucible plates of Iron and Brimstone stratum super stratum cover and Lute it well and calcine in a fornace then take them out and they will be brittle put them into a pot with a large mouth and put in sharp distilled Vinegar digesting till they wax red over a gentle heat then decant the Vinegar and add new thus doing till all the Iron be dissolved evaporate the moisture in a glass Retort or Vesica and cast the remaining powder on Silver or other white Metal and it will look like Gold XXIX To make Iron or Silver of a Brass Colour Take Flowers of Brass Vitriol Sal armoniack of each alike in fine powder boil it half an hour in strong Vinegar take it from the fire and put in Iron or Silver covering the vessel till it be cold and the metall will be like to Brass and sit to be gilded or rub polished Iron with Aqua fortis in which filings of Brass is dissolved XXX To tinge Iron into a Brass colour Melt the Iron in a crucible casting upon it Sulphur vive then cast it into small rods and beat it into pieces for it is very brittle then in Aqua fortis dissolve it and evaporate the menstruum reducing the powder by a strong fire into a body again and it will be good Brass XXXI To whiten Iron First purge it by heating it red hot and quenching it in a water made of Ly and Vinegar boiled with Salt and Alom doing this so often till it is somewhat whitened The fragments of the Iron beat in a mortar till the Salt is quite changed and no blackness is left in the Liquor of it and till the Iron is cleansed from its dross then Amalgamate Lead and Quick-silver together and reduce them into a powder lay the prepared plates of Iron and this powder stratum super stratum in a Crucible cover it and lute it all over very strongly that the least fume may not come forth and put it into the fire for a day at length encrease the fire so as it may melt the Iron which will quickly be and repeat this work till it is white enough It is whitened also by melting with Lead the Marchasit or fire-stone and Arsnick If you mix a little silver with which it willingly unites with it it gives a wonderful whiteness scarcely ever to be changed any more by any art whatsoever XXXII To keep Iron from Rusting Rub it over with Vinegar mixt with Ceruse or with the marrow of a Hart if it be rusty oyl of Tartar per deliquium will presently take it away and cleanse it XXXIII To cleanse Brass Take Aqua fortis and water of each alike shake them together and with a woolen rag dipt therein rub it over then presently rub it with an oyly cloth lastly with a dry woolen cloth dipt in powder of Lapis Calaminaris it will be clear and bright as when new XXXIV To soften Iron Take Alom Sal armoniack Tartar of each alike put them into good Vinegar and set them on the fire heat the Iron and quench it therein or quench it four or five times in oyl in which melted Lead hath been put six or seven times XXXV To make Iron of a Gold colour Take Alom of Melancy in powder Sea water mix them then heat the Iron red hot and quench it in the same XXXVI To make Iron of a Silver Colour Take powder of Sal armoniack unslak'd lime mix and put them into cold water then heat the Iron red hot quench it therein and it will be as white as silver XXXVII To soften Steel to grave upon This is done with a Lixivium of Oak ashes and unslak'd Lime by casting the Steel into it and letting it remain there fourteen days Or thus Take the Gall of an Ox Man's Urine Verjuice and juice of Nettles of each alike mix them then quench steel red hot therein four or five times together and it will become very soft XXXVIII To barden Iron or Steel Quench it six or seven times in Hogs blood mixed with Goose grease at each time drying it at the fire before you dip it again and it will become very hard and not brittle XXXIX To solder on Iron Set the joints of Iron as close as you can lay them in a glowing fire and take of Venice glass in powder and the Iron being red hot cast the powder thereon and it will solder of it self XL. To counterfeit Silver Take Crystal Arsnick eight ounces Tartar six ounces Salt-peter two ounces Glass one ounce and an half Sublimate half an ounce make them severally into fine powder and mix them then take three pound of Copper in thin plates which put into a Crucible with the former powder stratum super statum to calcine covering it and luting it strongly let it stand in the furnace for about eight or ten hours then take it out and being cold break the pot and take out all the matter and melt it with a violent fire casting it into some mold Then take purged Brass two pound of the former metal one pound melt them together casting in now and then some of the aforesaid powder after which add half as much of fine silver melting them together and you have that which is desired lastly to make it as white as Silver boil it in Tartar XLI Another way to counterfeit Silver Take purified tin eight ounces Quick-silver half an ounce and when it begins to rise in the first heat take powder of Cantharides and cast into it with a lock of hair that it may burn in it being melted put into it the powder aforesaid then take it suddenly from the fire and let it cool XLII To purge the Brass It is cleansed or purged by casting into it when it is melted broken glass Tartar Sal armoniack and Salt-peter each of them by turns by little and litle XLIII To tinge Lead of a golden colour Take purged Lead one pound Sal Armoniack in powder one ounce Salt-peter half an ounce Sal Elebrot two drachms put all into a crucible for two days and it will be throughly tinged XLIV To purge Lead Melt it at the fire then quench it in the sharpest Vinegar