a_o convenient_a height_n for_o a_o table_n but_o if_o we_o take_v a_o short_a cubit_n suppose_v the_o old_a roman_a cubit_n its_o height_n will_v be_v in_o english_a measure_n but_o two_o foot_n and_o two_o inch_n above_o the_o floor_n which_o seem_v very_o inconvenient_a for_o a_o table_n 2._o in_o the_o capacity_n of_o noah_n ark_n of_o which_o because_o the_o most_o learned_a dr._n wilkins_n have_v write_v very_o particular_o i_o will_v only_o add_v this_o general_a remark_n that_o if_o instead_o of_o a_o cubit_n of_o 18_o inch_n our_o cubit_n which_o be_v 21.888_o be_v admit_v the_o capacity_n of_o the_o ark_n build_v according_a to_o moses_n his_o number_n of_o cubit_n will_v be_v very_o near_o twice_o as_o great_a which_o will_v make_v it_o much_o more_o convenient_a for_o all_o the_o end_n to_o which_o it_o be_v design_v for_o such_o a_o ark_n make_v by_o this_o long_a cubit_n will_v be_v to_o its_o like_a make_v by_o a_o short_a cubit_n as_o the_o cube_n of_o these_o 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capacity_n for_o these_o reason_n and_o to_o show_v the_o dependence_n of_o the_o epha_n on_o the_o cubit_n already_o state_v i_o shall_v express_v my_o opinion_n concern_v the_o content_a of_o epha_n etc._n etc._n in_o a_o number_n of_o our_o solid_a inch_n and_o in_o decimal_a fraction_n thereof_o rather_o than_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o fraction_n which_o be_v more_o troublesome_a or_o difficult_a to_o be_v understand_v and_o reduce_v i_o conceive_v that_o epha_n be_v about_o 1747_o solid_a inch_n of_o english_a measure_n not_o much_o distant_a from_o the_o english_a foot_n solid_a which_o be_v 1728_o and_o be_v near_o the_o inch_n solid_a of_o 1000_o ounce_n of_o water_n or_o in_o wine_n measure_v it_o be_v 7_o gallon_n 2_o quart_n and_o about_o half_a a_o pint._n in_o corn_n measure_n 6_o gallon_n 3_o pint_n and_o 3_o solid_a inch_n this_o capacity_n of_o
argment_n which_o may_v pretend_v to_o accuracy_n because_o its_o major_n be_v the_o affirmation_n of_o mathematician_n refer_v the_o ardub_n and_o its_o six_o part_n the_o epha_n to_o a_o know_a standard_n the_o egyptian_a cubit_n and_o the_o minor_a be_v certain_a by_o true_a calculation_n those_o that_o follow_v pretend_v not_o so_o high_a yet_o be_v of_o good_a moment_n because_o they_o make_v some_o approach_n of_o agreement_n herewith_o and_o many_o witness_n agree_v in_o the_o main_n do_v corroborate_v each_o other_o testimony_n arg._n 2._o be_v take_v from_o the_o chomer_n or_o corus_n which_o all_o agree_v to_o be_v the_o same_o and_o to_o contain_v 10_o epha_n and_o be_v make_v the_o rule_n of_o epha_n by_o ezekiel_n 45.11_o regulate_v prudent_o the_o less_o by_o the_o great_a now_o josephus_n lib._n 15._o cap._n 11._o say_v express_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d wherefore_o he_o hereby_o intimate_v that_o epha_n the_o ten_o part_n of_o corus_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o 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mathematical_a equality_n between_o epha_n and_o medimnus_n but_o to_o express_v the_o content_n of_o a_o jewish_a measure_n as_o a_o historian_n somewhat_o near_o the_o truth_n by_o compare_v it_o to_o this_o most_o famous_a approach_a measure_n know_v among_o the_o greek_n in_o who_o language_n he_o write_v 2._o that_o a_o epha_n heap_v up_o will_v answer_v very_o well_o to_o a_o medimnus_n not_o heap_v this_o seem_v a_o sufficient_a conciliation_n that_o he_o respect_v a_o epha_n cumulate_v my_o number_n respect_v only_o a_o epha_n strickle_v as_o the_o countryman_n speak_v which_o be_v most_o certain_a and_o constant_a because_o the_o breadth_n or_o narrowness_n of_o the_o measure_n will_v alter_v the_o heap_v very_o much_o to_o this_o head_n i_o shall_v adjoin_v another_o approach_n to_o epha_n by_o help_n of_o the_o greek_a chaenix_n which_o be_v found_v on_o a_o probable_a emendation_n of_o hesychius_n which_o i_o crave_v leave_n to_o propose_v because_o the_o place_n be_v certain_o corrupt_v and_o i_o have_v not_o meet_v with_o any_o attempt_n to_o mend_v it_o thus_o it_o be_v now_o print_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o it_o be_v a_o egyptian_a measure_n be_v true_o and_o judicious_o affirm_v but_o that_o it_o contain_v but_o four_o chaenices_fw-la be_v far_o from_o credible_a for_o that_o will_v make_v it_o all_o one_o with_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o congius_fw-la which_o it_o far_o exceed_v by_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o all_o therefore_o i_o have_v think_v it_o probable_a that_o hosychius_fw-la do_v write_v it_o either_o in_o character_n thus_o δδδιιιι_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o herodian_a inform_v we_o the_o greek_n ancient_o write_v 34_o put_v three_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v for_o 30_o because_o each_o δ_n stand_v for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o ten_o be_v the_o first_o letter_n of_o that_o word_n and_o each_o ι_n for_o single_a
sol._n inches_n wine_n gal._n p._n inch._n corus_n or_o chomer_n viz._n 10_o epha_n 17477_o 75_o 5_o 7_o seah_n the_o three_o of_o epha_n 582.5_o 2_o 4_o 3_o hin_n the_o six_o 291.25_o 1_o 2_o 15_o homer_n the_o ten_o 174.77_o 0_o 6_o 05_o cab_n the_o eighteen_o 97.08_o 0_o 3_o 10_o log_n the_o seventy-second_a 24.27_o 0_o 0_o 24.2_o in_o this_o reduction_n to_o our_o measure_n i_o have_v use_v the_o wine-gallon_n because_o more_o general_o know_v and_o use_v among_o we_o notwithstanding_o the_o corn-gallon_n be_v the_o statute-measure_n and_o because_o the_o epha_n and_o homer_n after_o this_o reduction_n fall_v out_o to_o answer_v very_o near_o know_v meafure_n homer_n to_o three_o quart_n epha_n seven_a gallon_n a_o pottle_n and_o half_a a_o pint._n also_o in_o the_o corus_n i_o have_v express_v the_o last_o seven_o solid_a inch_n although_o in_o epha_n its_o ten_o part_n i_o often_o omit_v the_o seven_o ten_o of_o a_o solid_a inch_n as_o inconsiderable_a because_o it_o grow_v considerable_a when_o it_o be_v multiply_v by_o ten._n to_o remove_v the_o objection_n which_o lie_v open_a against_o these_o measure_n that_o thereby_o a_o homer_n become_v too_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o manna_n to_o be_v allow_v as_o it_o be_v by_o god_n to_o every_o man_n for_o his_o sustenance_n in_o the_o wilderness_n let_v these_o thing_n be_v consider_v 1._o that_o divine_a bounty_n be_v concern_v to_o proportion_n to_o each_o man_n now_o travel_v so_o much_o that_o he_o may_v rather_o leave_v somewhat_o than_o lack_n 2._o that_o manna_n be_v like_o coriander-seed_n of_o a_o globular_a figure_n when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o homer_n must_v necessary_o leave_v many_o empty_a space_n between_o every_o three_o or_o four_o sphere_n which_o have_v no_o food_n in_o they_o and_o these_o vacuity_n add_v together_o may_v reasonable_o be_v estimate_v about_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v capacity_n for_o the_o solidity_n of_o a_o cube_n many_o of_o which_o will_v fill_v up_o a_o space_n without_o any_o empty_a interstice_n be_v almost_o as_o big_a again_o as_o a_o sphere_n who_o diameter_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o cube_n side_n the_o geometrician_n say_v as_o 1_o to_o .523_o ∷_o 3_o it_o be_v light_a food_n must_v needs_o be_v inward_o porous_a and_o of_o a_o spungy_a contexture_n of_o part_n 4._o it_o will_v probable_o waste_v somewhat_o in_o dress_v by_o the_o fire_n as_o it_o melt_v and_o waste_v when_o the_o sun_n grow_v hot_a by_o these_o reason_n the_o three_o quart_n at_o first_o measure_v will_v be_v reduce_v to_o to_o about_o three_o pint_n of_o a_o oily_a liquid_a substance_n which_o will_v not_o be_v too_o much_o for_o a_o traveller_n that_o needs_o eat_v thrice_o a_o day_n the_o homer_n be_v thus_o free_v from_o a_o obvious_a objection_n before_o i_o leave_v it_o i_o think_v fit_a not_o only_o so_o observe_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o numeration_n by_o ten_o in_o these_o measure_n corus_n hold_v 10_o epha_n epha_n 10_o homer_n but_o also_o to_o add_v that_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o athenian_a measure_n cotyla_n which_o as_o i_o have_v intimate_v hold_v 10_o ounce_n of_o water_n and_o so_o be_v half_o a_o roman_a sextarius_fw-la must_v needs_o therefore_o be_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o a_o homer_n as_o i_o before_o show_v it_o to_o be_v the_o twelve_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a congius_fw-la and_o we_o shall_v less_o wonder_n that_o athens_n carry_v on_o this_o subdecuple_n proportion_n in_o one_o of_o their_o measure_n if_o we_o consider_v that_o athens_n be_v a_o colony_n both_o from_o sais_n in_o egypt_n and_o from_o the_o phaenician_o as_o the_o best_a antiquary_n and_o geographer_n agree_v by_o help_v of_o this_o observation_n we_o may_v note_v that_o this_o cotyla_n be_v a_o common_a measure_n to_o most_o if_o not_o all_o the_o measure_n of_o capacity_n use_v among_o the_o jew_n with_o other_o eastern_a people_n and_o these_o western_a famous_a nation_n the_o greek_n and_o roman_n and_o so_o may_v serve_v to_o show_v the_o harmony_n between_o they_o and_o their_o reduction_n to_o such_o a_o ancient_a standard_n as_o the_o congius_fw-la of_o vespasian_n which_o be_v yet_o keep_v at_o rome_n and_o may_v suggest_v a_o probability_n that_o the_o common_a original_a of_o they_o as_o also_o the_o rise_n of_o mankind_n and_o of_o the_o most_o necessary_a learning_n be_v from_o the_o east_n ten_o cotylas_fw-la make_v a_o homer_n hence_o the_o jewish_a measure_n may_v all_o be_v determine_v two_o of_o they_o make_v a_o sextary_n hence_o the_o congius_fw-la and_o other_o roman_a measure_n three_o of_o they_o make_v a_o chaenix_n hence_o the_o medimnus_n and_o other_o greek_a measure_n the_o word_n also_o be_v receive_v at_o rome_n as_o well_o as_o at_o athens_n and_o i_o find_v by_o dr._n castle_n be_v lexicon_n that_o it_o be_v use_v by_o the_o syriac_a and_o arabic_a writer_n of_o the_o east_n although_o not_o find_v in_o the_o hebrew_n bible_n wherein_o i_o meet_v not_o with_o any_o less_o measure_n than_o the_o log._n however_o because_o its_o root_n and_o other_o word_n akin_a to_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o hebrew_n and_o other_o eastern_a language_n but_o no_o root_n nor_o kindred_n in_o the_o western_a i_o rather_o believe_v that_o its_o original_a be_v in_o the_o east_n and_o the_o greek_n receive_v it_o thence_o than_o that_o the_o eastern_a nation_n receive_v it_o from_o the_o greek_n by_o this_o analogy_n between_o eastern_a and_o greek_a measure_n i_o be_o induce_v here_o to_o mention_v the_o metretes_n which_o st._n john_n mention_n chap._n 2.6_o which_o we_o translate_v a_o firkin_n which_o be_v eight_o or_o nine_o gallon_n ale-measure_n at_o which_o rate_n the_o water_n which_o christ_n make_v wine_n will_v rise_v to_o about_o 100_o gallon_n which_o may_v well_o seem_v too_o much_o for_o our_o saviour_n the_o great_a teacher_n and_o pattern_n of_o temperance_n miraculous_o to_o provide_v for_o the_o guest_n at_o a_o wedding_n after_o they_o have_v well_o drink_v before_o to_o remove_v this_o difficulty_n our_o critic_n have_v say_v many_o thing_n which_o i_o need_v not_o repeat_v but_o i_o will_v add_v one_o notion_n about_o this_o metretes_n which_o i_o have_v not_o find_v among_o our_o commentator_n which_o if_o it_o be_v admit_v will_v altogether_o prevent_v the_o objection_n i_o find_v in_o cleopatra_n discourse_n about_o weight_n and_o measure_n which_o with_o other_o of_o that_o subject_a be_v in_o the_o appendix_n to_o steven_n thesaurus_fw-la that_o metretes_n among_o the_o syrian_n consist_v of_o six_o sextary_n now_o it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n too_o do_v often_o so_o extend_v the_o name_n of_o syrian_n as_o to_o comprehend_v the_o jew_n especial_o those_o of_o galilee_n that_o just_o touch_v syria_n strict_o call_v wherefore_o i_o conceive_v st._n john_n speak_v of_o this_o miracle_n do_v in_o galilee_n on_o the_o syrian_a coast_n call_v that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o the_o syrian_n call_v so_o and_o that_o be_v the_o roman_a congius_fw-la consist_v of_o six_o sextary_n now_o i_o have_v show_v already_o that_o this_o be_v near_o a_o pint_n less_o than_o our_o wine_n gallon_n and_o so_o the_o miracle_n will_v produce_v about_o ten_o gallon_n and_o a_o half_a of_o our_o english_a measure_n which_o if_o the_o guest_n be_v of_o any_o considerable_a number_n may_v easy_o be_v drink_v without_o danger_n of_o intemperance_n especial_o since_o marriage-entertainment_n do_v use_v to_o last_v for_o many_o day_n judge_n 14.12_o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o discourse_n with_o the_o consideration_n of_o solomon_n brazen_a sea_n that_o capacious_a vessel_n for_o water_n require_v in_o the_o temple-service_n it_o be_v height_n be_v five_o cubit_n its_o diameter_n call_v breadth_n ten_o its_o figure_n affirm_v to_o be_v round_o but_o it_o be_v not_o determine_v in_o the_o scripture_n whether_o this_o round_a figure_n be_v a_o hemisphere_n or_o a_o cylinder_n equal_o wide_a at_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o top_n or_o a_o decurted_a cone_n that_o be_v wide_a at_o the_o bottom_n than_o the_o top_n where_o its_o wideness_n be_v express_v or_o whether_o some_o other_o irregular_a figure_n of_o a_o protuberant_a belly_n yet_o it_o be_v ordinary_o represent_v to_o we_o in_o cut_n as_o a_o hemisphere_n but_o the_o main_a difficulty_n arise_v from_o the_o capacity_n of_o it_o which_o in_o 1_o king_n 7.26_o be_v express_v 2000_o bath_n and_o yet_o in_o 2_o chron._n 4.5_o it_o be_v affirm_v to_o hold_v 3000_o bath_n the_o hebrew_n copy_n and_o the_o ancient_a translation_n constant_o deliver_v this_o different_a account_n it_o be_v not_o prudent_a to_o affirm_v either_o place_n to_o have_v be_v corrupt_v by_o error_n of_o transcriber_n therefore_o i_o think_v grotius_n have_v well_o suggest_v that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n ordinary_o when_o it_o
help_n which_o we_o may_v have_v expect_v from_o his_o great_a read_n travel_n diligence_n and_o judgement_n i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o single_a out_o this_o cubit_n from_o those_o many_o foreign_a measure_n which_o he_o have_v with_o equal_a care_n adjust_v to_o our_o standard_n and_o to_o try_v by_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o best_a notice_n of_o the_o jewish_a cubit_n which_o my_o read_n have_v suggest_v whether_o this_o may_v not_o prove_v of_o the_o same_o length_n with_o the_o cubit_n of_o the_o sanctuary_n in_o the_o second_o place_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o state_n the_o epha_n and_o other_o jewish_a measure_n of_o capacity_n deduce_v it_o from_o 1._o a_o fix_a proportion_n to_o the_o cube_n of_o the_o cubit_n 2._o from_o the_o proportion_n of_o a_o know_a part_n thereof_o to_o the_o standard_n congius_fw-la of_o vespasian_n still_o at_o rome_n beside_o other_o useful_a method_n from_o the_o capacity_n of_o egg_n which_o the_o rabbin_n much_o insist_v on_o and_o from_o the_o weight_n and_o know_a number_n of_o solid_a inch_n of_o water_n that_o will_v fill_v either_o it_o or_o its_o know_a aliquot_fw-la part_n only_o i_o think_v fit_a here_o to_o advertise_v the_o reader_n that_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v offend_v if_o he_o find_v some_o difference_n in_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o several_a method_n of_o investigate_a the_o epha_n because_o in_o all_o i_o pretend_v not_o to_o mathematical_a preciseness_n in_o determine_v it_o but_o in_o some_o have_v state_v it_o as_o thereabouts_o yet_o observe_v that_o the_o find_v it_o by_o the_o soil_v inch_n of_o 1000_o ounce_n of_o water_n which_o be_v the_o least_o do_v not_o differ_v a_o pint_n from_o the_o big_a content_n deduce_v mathematical_o from_o the_o cubit_n cube_n and_o this_o small_a difference_n may_v arise_v either_o from_o the_o neglect_n of_o workman_n maker_n of_o measure_n who_o in_o make_v a_o epha_n by_o cubit-measure_n consider_v not_o the_o centesimal_a part_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o the_o cubit_n as_o my_o account_n do_v or_o else_o i_o may_v affirm_v that_o the_o rain-water_n of_o those_o hot_a country_n be_v light_a than_o our_o fountain-water_n be_v and_o therefore_o a_o thousand_o ounce_n of_o such_o water_n will_v fill_v up_o more_o solid_a inch_n of_o room_n than_o so_o many_o ounce_n of_o our_o water_n do_v and_o by_o either_o of_o these_o way_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o account_n may_v be_v full_o reconcile_v or_o by_o the_o concurrence_n of_o they_o both_o last_o i_o descend_v to_o consider_v shekel_n and_o both_o to_o state_n its_o weight_n exact_o and_o thence_o to_o deduce_v other_o weight_n and_o their_o value_n in_o our_o present_a coin_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o here_o have_v produce_v i_o think_v abundant_a evidence_n in_o that_o chapter_n which_o by_o help_n of_o the_o harmony_n in_o the_o last_o chapter_n will_v prove_v all_o the_o other_o by_o help_v of_o this_o method_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v this_o doctrine_n hitherto_o very_o intricate_a and_o uncertain_a more_o easy_a exact_a and_o uniform_a than_o i_o find_v it_o constant_o reduce_v all_o our_o measure_n of_o length_n and_o capacity_n to_o inch-measure_n with_o its_o decimal_n as_o more_o common_o understand_v than_o foot-measure_n reduce_v also_o weight_n rather_o to_o our_o averdupois_n with_o its_o decimal_n than_o to_o the_o troy_n ounce_n because_o i_o have_v prove_v the_o ounce_n averdupois_n to_o be_v exact_o equal_a to_o the_o old_a roman_a ounce_n and_o to_o be_v just_o equal_a to_o two_o jewish_a shekel_n the_o conjunction_n of_o two_o shekel_n i_o believe_v be_v the_o true_a original_n of_o it_o by_o this_o mean_n the_o several_a part_n of_o this_o enquiry_n will_v help_v to_o illustarate_v and_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o other_o the_o measure_n of_o length_n will_v clear_v those_o of_o capacity_n and_o both_o of_o they_o may_v be_v prove_v or_o restore_v by_o help_n of_o the_o weight_n only_o its_o requisite_a that_o the_o student_n hereof_o shall_v be_v acquaint_v with_o decimal_n arithmetic_n and_o a_o little_a geometry_n otherwise_o the_o necessary_a reduction_n and_o some_o reason_n here_o make_v use_n of_o will_v not_o be_v full_o understand_v however_o such_o mathematical_a reason_n may_v safe_o be_v suppose_v true_a because_o they_o have_v be_v examine_v and_o find_v so_o by_o the_o most_o competent_a judge_n in_o these_o case_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o ammah_o or_o jewish_a cubit_n with_o the_o measure_n thence_o determine_v my_o design_a method_n oblige_v i_o in_o this_o chapter_n to_o do_v three_o thing_n 1._o to_o show_v that_o the_o present_a egyptian_a cubit_n be_v their_o old_a one_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n 2._o that_o the_o jew_n cubit_n or_o ammah_o be_v of_o the_o same_o length_n with_o the_o old_a one_o of_o egypt_n 3._o to_o deduce_v the_o length_n of_o other_o jewish_a long_a measure_n from_o hence_o 1._o this_o be_v now_o in_o possession_n be_v favour_v by_o presumption_n that_o it_o be_v so_o always_o or_o in_o moses_n his_o time_n unless_o the_o contrary_n be_v show_v and_o the_o time_n of_o the_o change_n can_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v but_o of_o such_o change_n or_o introduction_n of_o a_o new_a cubit_n into_o egypt_n i_o can_v find_v the_o least_o intimation_n in_o history_n on_o the_o contrary_a we_o find_v it_o assert_v by_o the_o arabian_n patricide_n and_o elmacinus_n and_o the_o nubian_n geographer_n who_o word_n may_v be_v see_v in_o hottinger_n smegma_fw-la orientale_n and_o other_o proof_n in_o kircher_n that_o the_o nilometrion_n or_o column_n divide_v into_o egyptian_a cubit_n to_o measure_v the_o increase_n of_o the_o overflowing_n of_o nile_n be_v as_o old_a as_o the_o time_n of_o joseph_n regency_n there_o yea_o and_o that_o he_o first_o make_v they_o now_o because_o the_o same_o height_n of_o its_o increase_n viz._n about_o 16_o cubit_n be_v agree_v in_o all_o age_n herodotus_n and_o the_o late_a writer_n consent_v herein_o to_o have_v be_v necessary_a to_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o egypt_n it_o follow_v that_o this_o cubit_n must_v all_o along_o be_v the_o same_o sixteen_o lesser_a cubit_n will_v be_v insufficient_a big_a will_v be_v prejudicial_a here_o we_o have_v a_o natural_a necessity_n to_o keep_v to_o the_o same_o measure_n from_o the_o time_n of_o its_o first_o constitution_n and_o this_o natural_a reason_n be_v a_o thing_n of_o so_o great_a consequence_n to_o the_o welfare_n of_o a_o whole_a kingdom_n that_o none_o can_v be_v think_v of_o sufficient_a to_o move_v any_o governor_n to_o alter_v it_o nor_o can_v the_o inferior_a people_n have_v any_o cause_n or_o any_o ability_n to_o make_v such_o alteration_n the_o public_a standard_n be_v so_o religious_o keep_v first_o in_o the_o temple_n of_o serapis_n beside_o on_o the_o nilometrion_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o christian_a church_n hereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o which_o proclus_n have_v suggest_v concern_v the_o necessity_n and_o antiquity_n of_o geometry_n among_o the_o egyptian_n that_o nile_n by_o its_o annual_a overflow_n use_v to_o cover_v with_o mud_n the_o common_a boundary_n of_o man_n land_n viz._n stone_n and_o trench_n or_o ditch_n whence_o it_o become_v necessary_a to_o they_o to_o determine_v preserve_v and_o recover_v each_o man_n proper_a quantity_n thereof_o by_o exact_a measure_n of_o its_o area_n or_o surface_n which_o must_v be_v find_v by_o know_v the_o length_n of_o the_o side_n and_o of_o the_o perpendicular_o of_o triangle_n or_o of_o rectangular_a parallellogram_n into_o which_o any_o plot_n of_o ground_n may_v easy_o be_v cast_v to_o which_o purpose_n they_o must_v necessary_o study_v the_o first_o element_n of_o geometry_n but_o i_o must_v add_v that_o they_o must_v also_o necessary_o fix_v and_o reason_n will_v advise_v they_o to_o be_v constant_a to_o some_o standardmeasure_n of_o length_n by_o the_o repetition_n and_o part_n whereof_o they_o may_v determine_v the_o length_n of_o the_o side_n of_o those_o figure_n that_o contain_v their_o land_n and_o we_o know_v also_o that_o their_o cubit_n be_v their_o primary_n measure_n by_o this_o they_o settle_v the_o length_n of_o their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o herodotus_n mention_n as_o use_v in_o survey_n because_o consist_v of_o a_o know_a number_n of_o cubit_n it_o save_v the_o repeat_n of_o a_o cubit_n so_o often_o and_o be_v easy_o resolve_v into_o the_o number_n of_o which_o it_o do_v consist_v wherefore_o to_o make_v any_o change_n in_o their_o cubit_n will_v have_v be_v very_o unadviseable_a and_o apt_a to_o endanger_v loss_n in_o all_o sort_n of_o man_n estate_n which_o have_v be_v settle_v by_o another_o cubit_n before_o and_o such_o change_n can_v never_o be_v necessary_a because_o the_o first_o settle_a cubit_n and_o its_o part_n will_v certain_o attain_v all_o the_o end_n of_o exact_a measure_n as_o well_o as_o any_o other_o
epha_n or_o at_o least_o for_o approach_v thereunto_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v by_o four_o argument_n 1._o from_o its_o proportion_n to_o the_o cube_n of_o the_o cubit_n of_o israel_n former_o state_v 2._o from_o its_o proportion_n to_o the_o corus_n or_o chomer_n 3._o from_o its_o proportion_n to_o the_o seah_a 4._o from_o the_o agreement_n of_o this_o capacity_n with_o the_o content_n or_o solidity_n of_o 432_o egg_n whereby_o the_o rabbin_n ordinary_o determine_v it_o but_o i_o confide_v more_o in_o the_o two_o former_a argument_n because_o take_v from_o big_a measure_n than_o in_o the_o two_o latter_a which_o arise_v from_o less_o and_o therefore_o have_v altogether_o omit_v the_o investigation_n from_o number_n and_o weight_n of_o grain_n of_o wheat_n which_o i_o find_v elsewhere_o use_v because_o every_o little_a error_n which_o be_v unavoidable_a in_o small_a measure_n grow_v great_a in_o the_o progress_n by_o multiplication_n whereas_o little_a error_n in_o big_a measure_n when_o we_o pass_v from_o they_o to_o lesser_a by_o division_n grow_v still_o less_o than_o the_o former_a which_o tend_v to_o exactness_n arg._n 1._o epha_n be_v the_o six_o part_n of_o the_o cube_n of_o the_o egyptian_a cubit_n which_o cube_n be_v call_v a_o ardub_n but_o the_o six_o part_n of_o that_o cube_n or_o a_o ardub_o be_v 1747.7_o solid_a inch_n therefore_o so_o be_v epha_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o major_n be_v from_o the_o express_a affirmation_n of_o the_o arabian_a accountant_n and_o mathematician_n alsephadi_n and_o ebn._n chalecan_n print_v in_o dr._n wallis_n his_o arithmetic_n cap._n 31_o and_o receive_v from_o dr._n pocock_n only_o there_o the_o epha_n be_v by_o a_o usual_a commutation_n of_o the_o quiescent_a letter_n and_o of_o the_o labial_a p_o into_o b_o called_z oeba_n or_o as_o dr._n wallis_n express_v it_o waibah_n but_o salmasius_n and_o dr._n castle_n and_o all_o the_o learned_a in_o the_o eastern_a language_n that_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o acknowledge_v that_o arabic_a word_n to_o express_v the_o same_o measure_n that_o the_o jew_n call_v epha_n and_o the_o matter_n seem_v clear_a by_o compare_v the_o hebrew_n exod._n 16.36_o with_o the_o arabic_a translation_n in_o which_o waibah_n be_v put_v to_o express_v the_o hebrew_n epha_n add_v hereunto_o that_o it_o may_v be_v deduce_v from_o what_o golius_n affirm_v treat_v of_o corus_n as_o a_o bablylonish_n measure_n that_o at_o babylon_n also_o the_o ardub_n be_v equal_a to_o six_o epha_n for_o he_o assert_n 40_o ardub_n equal_a to_o 720_o seah_n which_o be_v know_v equal_a to_o 240_o epha_n wherefore_o divide_v the_o number_n of_o ephas_n by_o the_o number_n of_o ardub_n the_o quote_v wilâ—_n be_v 6_o which_o show_v that_o one_o ardub_n iâ—_n equal_a to_o six_o epha_n thus_o this_o proportion_n appear_v acknowledge_v wide_a in_o the_o east_n although_o i_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o severaâ—_n ardub_n of_o different_a capacity_n from_o this_o be_v mention_v by_o kircher_n as_o use_v among_o the_o egyptian_n and_o other_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d state_v by_o the_o greek_n yeâ—_n this_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v as_o full_o attest_v and_o this_o be_v determineâ—_n by_o a_o sure_a standard_n i_o shall_v consider_v only_o in_o this_o sense_n have_v no_o use_n of_o it_o other_o various_a signification_n thus_o the_o major_n be_v prove_v by_o authority_n the_o minor_a be_v demonstrabâ—â—_n thus_o the_o egyptian_a cubit_n reduce_v to_o english_a inch_n have_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v 21.888_o this_o number_n multiply_v by_o itself_o produce_v its_o square_n that_o multiply_v by_o the_o side_n or_o first_o number_n produce_v the_o cube_n which_o be_v the_o content_a of_o the_o ardub_n in_o solid_a inch_n last_o this_o be_v divide_v by_o 6_o the_o number_n of_o ephas_n in_o ardub_n the_o quote_v be_v 1747.7_o the_o arithmetical_a operation_n need_v not_o be_v set_v down_o at_o large_a in_o this_o paper_n but_o may_v be_v try_v by_o any_o arithmetician_n at_o his_o leisure_n but_o because_o it_o be_v not_o easy_o credible_a that_o the_o ancient_n in_o make_v their_o ardub_n do_v consider_v the_o thousand_o or_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n which_o yet_o i_o have_v express_v by_o reduction_n from_o greaves_n his_o measure_n of_o the_o egyptian_a standard_n that_o i_o may_v not_o willing_o depart_v from_o his_o exactness_n and_o because_o the_o abatement_n of_o the_o centesimal_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o cube_n will_v err_v less_o from_o preciseness_n than_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o like_a quantity_n and_o will_v reduce_v the_o epha_n to_o a_o measure_n so_o well_o know_v among_o we_o i_o have_v express_v it_o also_o by_o a_o english_a foot_n solid_a which_o will_v be_v find_v to_o come_v from_o the_o six_o part_n of_o the_o cube_n of_o 21.8_o for_o the_o cube_n thereof_o be_v 10360.232_o and_o that_o divide_a by_o sâ—â—_n quote_v 1726.7_o differ_v less_o than_o two_o solid_a inch_n from_o the_o foot_n solid_a 1728._o from_o this_o approach_n to_o agreement_n we_o may_v not_o only_o help_v our_o memory_n but_o also_o probable_o conjecture_v that_o aâ—_n our_o foot_n be_v two_o three_o of_o our_o cubit_n so_o the_o eastern_a people_n have_v a_o measure_n which_o we_o may_v call_v their_o foot_n which_o also_o be_v two_o three_o of_o a_o cubit_n sometime_o use_v among_o they_o viz._n a_o cubiâ—_n of_o five_o palm_n which_o differ_v noâ—_n much_o from_o our_o cubit_n as_o i_o former_o show_v and_o the_o cube_n of_o that_o fooâ—_n of_o they_o be_v probable_o the_o original_a of_o this_o ancient_a measure_n the_o ephâ—_n which_o a_o little_a exceed_v our_o foot_n solid_a as_o also_o such_o their_o foot_n and_o cubit_n iâ—_n length_n a_o little_a exceed_v we_o however_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o cubic-root_n of_o a_o ephâ—_n above_o our_o english_a foot_n be_v not_o quit_v five_o centesimal_n of_o a_o inch_n or_o noâ—_n the_o twenty_o part_n of_o a_o inch._n i_o have_v also_o observe_v that_o the_o epha_n or_o bath_n contain_v just_a 1000_o ounce_n averdupoise_v or_o 2000_o shekel_n weight_n of_o pure_a rain-water_n which_o be_v light_a than_o our_o fountain-water_n and_o of_o a_o more_o constant_a equality_n in_o its_o weight_n than_o spring-water_n be_v which_o differ_v a_o little_a in_o weight_n from_o each_o other_o take_v up_o a_o little_a more_o room_n than_o so_o many_o ounce_n of_o our_o water_n will_v do_v so_o that_o though_o we_o reckon_v 1726_o cubic-inche_n to_o 1000_o ounce_n of_o our_o fountain-water_n we_o may_v well_o allow_v about_o 1747_o such_o inch_n to_o 1000_o ounce_n of_o their_o light_a rain-water_n and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o ancient_n determine_v their_o vessel_n of_o capacity_n by_o weight_n of_o water_n so_o the_o roman_a congius_fw-la hold_v just_o 10_o pound_n of_o water_n and_o that_o of_o rain_n as_o dioscorides_n have_v note_v their_o amphora_n 80_o such_o pound_n their_o sextary_n 20_o ounce_n and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o reckon_n of_o weight_n by_o round_a number_n of_o shekel_n or_o their_o double_a which_o be_v ounce_n be_v most_o ancient_a and_o universal_o that_o most_o ancient_a expression_n of_o job_n 28.25_o he_o weigh_v the_o water_n by_o measure_n intimate_v that_o their_o ancient_a measure_n of_o water_n be_v of_o a_o know_a weight_n else_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o weigh_v they_o by_o measure_n or_o thereby_o to_o estimate_n and_o adjust_a their_o weight_n but_o this_o will_v be_v clear_a when_o we_o handle_v shekel_n here_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o remark_n that_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o this_o solid_a foot_n and_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o 1000_o ounce_n of_o water_n may_v recommend_v this_o measure_n call_v epha_n or_o bath_n to_o the_o first_o founder_n or_o author_n thereof_o and_o this_o happy_a concurrence_n be_v the_o true_a cause_n that_o all_o their_o measure_n and_o weight_n may_v be_v investigate_v and_o prove_v both_o à _fw-la priore_fw-la by_o beginning_n with_o the_o simple_a measure_n of_o length_n and_o thence_o proceed_v till_o we_o end_v in_o the_o weight_n and_o à _fw-la posteriore_fw-la or_o peregressum_fw-la by_o beginning_n with_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o shekel_n and_o pass_v through_o all_o the_o measure_n of_o capacity_n until_o we_o come_v to_o the_o cubit_n their_o root_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o their_o harmony_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o discourse_n the_o reduction_n of_o this_o measure_n to_o our_o usual_a measure_n by_o gallon_n etc._n etc._n iâ—_n thus_o perform_v divide_v 1747.7_o by_o 231_o the_o inch_n solid_a in_o a_o wine-gallon_n the_o quote_v will_v be_v 7.566_o which_o signify_v seven_o gallon_n half_o a_o gallon_n or_o two_o quart_n and_o about_o half_a a_o pint._n the_o like_a method_n may_v be_v use_v for_o the_o corn-gallon_n this_o may_v suffice_v for_o the_o first_o
arithmetic_n that_o if_o 3000_o bath_n of_o the_o measure_n which_o i_o have_v assign_v be_v comprehend_v in_o a_o figure_n compound_v of_o parallellipedon_n and_o cylinder_n who_o diameter_n be_v but_o ten_o cubit_n and_o their_o height_n take_v together_o but_o five_o that_o first_o the_o parallellipedon_n must_v have_v its_o side_n in_o inch-measure_n 218.88_o the_o square_a whereof_o we_o have_v show_v to_o be_v 47908.4544_o and_o the_o height_n of_o it_o must_v be_v in_o inch-measure_n 109.24_o which_o be_v five_o cubit_n want_v less_o than_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch._n so_o the_o content_a of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o molten_n sea_n will_v be_v 5233519.558_o then_o second_o the_o cylinder'_v base_a have_v its_o diameter_n 218.88_o the_o area_n thereof_o will_v be_v 37642.1357_o and_o its_o height_n must_v be_v but_o .2_o two_o ten_o of_o a_o inch_n so_o will_v the_o content_a of_o that_o short_a cylinder_n be_v 7528.427_o wherefore_o the_o content_n of_o both_o part_n of_o this_o figure_n be_v add_v together_o will_v be_v 5241047.985_o this_o sum_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o solid_a inch_n of_o the_o bath_n 1747_o will_v give_v in_o the_o quote_v 3000_o with_o a_o inconsiderable_a fraction_n overplus_n which_o i_o allow_v because_o i_o will_v not_o affect_v overmuch_o preciseness_n neither_o will_v i_o take_v too_o little_a by_o this_o process_n i_o have_v both_o demonstrate_v the_o defect_n of_o the_o talmudist_n figure_n and_o also_o show_v how_o it_o may_v be_v mend_v so_o as_o to_o serve_v the_o end_n for_o which_o it_o be_v intend_v rectum_fw-la enim_fw-la est_fw-la index_n svi_fw-la &_o obliqui_fw-la and_o now_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o reader_n be_v choice_a either_o to_o take_v the_o figure_n with_o a_o protuberant_a belly_n which_o i_o before_o propose_v which_o seem_v more_o ornamental_a be_v like_o that_o of_o the_o cistern_n use_v in_o nobleman_n dining-room_n or_o to_o take_v the_o talmudical_a figure_n with_o this_o emendation_n which_o i_o have_v offer_v and_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o examine_v this_o talmudical_a notion_n the_o more_o diligent_o both_o because_o the_o learned_a dr._n lightfoot_n in_o the_o place_n forequote_v do_v according_a to_o his_o usual_a modesty_n desire_v it_o may_v be_v consider_v and_o because_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o proper_a to_o oppose_v this_o doctrine_n of_o the_o talmudist_n concern_v the_o figure_n of_o this_o molten_n sea_n to_o the_o conjecture_n of_o josephus_n who_o intimate_v it_o to_o have_v be_v hemispherical_a which_o geometry_n demonstrate_v to_o be_v insufficient_a for_o the_o reception_n of_o so_o many_o batlis_n and_o it_o be_v certain_a he_o have_v never_o see_v it_o for_o it_o be_v break_v and_o carry_v away_o at_o the_o captivity_n jer._n 52.17_o etc._n etc._n and_o their_o authority_n concern_v thing_n sacred_a weigh_v much_o more_o among_o the_o jew_n than_o any_o opinion_n of_o he_o chap._n iu._n of_o shekel_n and_o other_o weight_n and_o coin_n thence_o determine_v i_o shall_v not_o distinguish_v between_o shekel_n consider_v as_o a_o weight_n and_o the_o same_o as_o a_o coin_n have_v no_o concern_n to_o inquire_v about_o the_o letter_n and_o impress_n that_o it_o bear_v but_o only_o to_o express_v its_o weight_n in_o weight_n know_v among_o we_o whence_o its_o value_n in_o our_o coin_n will_v easy_o be_v deduce_v i_o conceive_v that_o it_o be_v just_a of_o the_o weight_n of_o half_a a_o ounce_n averdupoise_n now_o and_o ancient_o use_v here_o in_o england_n or_o it_o weige_v 219_o grain_n use_v in_o our_o troy-weight_n and_o so_o want_v 21_o grain_n of_o the_o half_a ounce_n troy_n this_o be_v prove_v 1._o by_o many_o shekel_n still_o remain_v that_o differ_v not_o sensible_o from_o this_o weight_n which_o may_v reasonable_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v try_v by_o the_o jewish_a standard_n when_o they_o be_v coin_v of_o these_o villalpandus_n reckon_v up_o many_o and_o greaves_n two_o one_o in_o the_o library_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o of_o bless_a memory_n weigh_v by_o archbishop_n usher_n and_o another_o in_o mr._n selden_n weigh_v by_o himself_o as_o he_o witness_v in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n of_o the_o roman_a denarius_fw-la p._n 76_o etc._n etc._n i_o have_v also_o see_v and_o weigh_v two_o shekel_n with_o samaritan_n inscription_n on_o they_o which_o although_o i_o have_v not_o opportunity_n to_o weigh_v they_o to_o a_o grain_n yet_o i_o do_v testify_v they_o weigh_v within_o a_o very_a few_o grain_n as_o be_v above_o express_v nor_o can_v i_o find_v any_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o reject_v these_o as_o counterfeit_v and_o if_o any_o will_v believe_v they_o to_o be_v such_o yet_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o they_o be_v make_v so_o as_o to_o agree_v in_o weight_n with_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o ancient_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o our_o purpose_n because_o their_o value_n in_o our_o coin_n may_v certain_o be_v deduce_v thence_o for_o since_o it_o be_v know_v that_o now_o by_o the_o law_n of_o our_o mint_n 62_o penny_n be_v coin_v out_o of_o every_o troy_n ounce_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o 2_o s._n 4_o d._n and_o a_o farthing_n worth_a of_o silver_n with_o 3_o centesimal_n of_o a_o penny_n over_o must_v be_v contain_v in_o 219_o grain_n which_o be_v the_o shekel_n weight_n by_o this_o analogy_n as_o 480_o s._n be_v to_o 62_o d._n so_o 219_o s._n be_v to_o d._n 28.28_o decimal_n of_o a_o penny_n which_o make_v 1_o farthing_n and_o near_o the_o 8_o the_o part_n of_o a_o farthing_n my_o second_o argument_n be_v take_v from_o testimony_n of_o antiquity_n thus_o the_o shekel_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o roman_a half_a ounce_n but_o that_o be_v 219_o grain_n of_o our_o troy_n weight_n therefore_o so_o be_v the_o shekel_n the_o major_n be_v affirm_v by_o jerom_n on_o the_o 4_o the_o chap._n of_o ezechiel_n to_o contain_v four_o drachm_n of_o the_o latin_a ounce_n the_o greek_a author_n of_o farrier-weight_n say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d â—_o which_o be_v the_o mark_n for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o semissis_fw-la where_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d plain_o signify_v the_o shekel_n and_o be_v false_o render_v in_o stephanus_n by_o siciliquus_fw-la which_o be_v agree_v to_o be_v but_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o ounce_n whereas_o this_o be_v affirm_v to_o be_v half_a by_o the_o author_n so_o also_o stater_n which_o be_v know_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o shekel_n be_v twice_o affirm_v by_o cleopatra_n to_o be_v four_o drachm_n which_o be_v half_a a_o ounce_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v the_o clear_a testimony_n of_o moses_n nehemanni_n gerundensis_n relate_v in_o arias_n montanus_n wherein_o he_o own_v himself_o to_o have_v former_o doubt_v of_o this_o which_o be_v solomon_n jarchi_n judgement_n but_o to_o have_v be_v convince_v and_o satisfy_v by_o weigh_v a_o shekel_n with_o samaritan_n inscription_n which_o be_v just_o half_a a_o ounce_n many_o more_o testimony_n of_o rabbin_n may_v be_v add_v but_o i_o think_v they_o not_o necessary_a only_o i_o will_v add_v a_o testimony_n of_o anton_n augustinus_n concern_v two_o fair_a carthaginian_a coin_n weigh_v by_o he_o which_o each_o of_o they_o answer_v to_o four_o drachm_n or_o rather_o little_a more_o now_o it_o be_v know_v the_o carthaginian_n be_v a_o tyrian-colony_n and_o that_o the_o jewish_a coin_n agree_v in_o weight_n with_o those_o of_o tyre_n the_o talmudist_n affirm_v hence_o the_o major_n seem_v abundant_o evident_a the_o minor_a be_v vouch_v by_o greaves_n who_o diligent_o compare_v and_o try_v the_o roman_a standard_n ounce_n with_o the_o ounce_n and_o grain_n of_o our_o standard_n and_o villalpandus_n with_o other_o have_v from_o the_o weight_n of_o water_n in_o the_o congius_fw-la yet_o remain_v prove_v that_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a roman_a ounce_n be_v exact_o the_o same_o unaltered_a by_o time_n from_o hence_o i_o collect_v or_o conclude_v also_o that_o our_o english_a averdupoise_n ounce_n also_o be_v as_o i_o before_o show_v the_o same_o with_o the_o roman_a ounce_n when_o they_o be_v both_o reduce_v to_o grain_n of_o troy-weight_n be_v probable_o introduce_v into_o our_o kingdom_n by_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o give_v law_n and_o plant_v colony_n here_o and_o have_v thence_o continue_v unchanged_a to_o this_o day_n which_o be_v not_o common_o observe_v because_o we_o use_v the_o averdupoise_n weight_n only_o about_o heavy_a commodity_n not_o in_o weigh_v silver_n and_o gold_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o divide_v that_o ounce_n into_o grain_n as_o we_o do_v the_o troy-ounce_n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v introduce_v by_o the_o norman_n because_o it_o take_v its_o name_n from_o a_o french_a town_n troy_n in_o campaigne_n i_o may_v add_v also_o that_o it_o be_v probable_a hence_o that_o both_o the_o roman_a ounce_n and_o our_o averdupoise_n ounce_n have_v their_o more_o remote_a
not_o 2._o when_o the_o maneh_n be_v set_v for_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n or_o coin_n it_o contain_v but_o 60_o shekel_n to_o this_o number_n the_o part_n of_o a_o maneh_n in_o ezek._n 45.12_o add_v together_o do_v amount_v and_o josephus_n lib._n 14.12_o affirm_v the_o jew_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v derive_v from_o maneh_n to_o be_v two_o pound_n and_o a_o half_a which_o reckon_v 12_o ounce_n to_o the_o pound_n as_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n in_o his_o time_n do_v be_v just_a 30_o ounce_n which_o we_o have_v show_v to_o be_v just_a 60_o shekel_n and_o rabbi_n gedaliah_n in_o schalsh_n agree_v with_o he_o neither_o be_v it_o unusual_a to_o take_v the_o same_o word_n in_o one_o sense_n when_o it_o relate_v to_o mere_a weight_n as_o we_o do_v a_o pound_n mean_v thereby_o the_o pound_n troy_n use_v in_o weigh_v silver_n for_o 12_o ounce_n and_o in_o another_o sense_n the_o same_o word_n pound_n when_o it_o relate_v to_o money_n mean_v thereby_o the_o pound_n sterling_n which_o of_o silver_n coin_n contain_v not_o quite_o four_o ounce_n and_o of_o gold_n contain_v not_o quite_o the_o three_o part_n of_o a_o ounce_n i_o will_v not_o digress_v to_o consider_v the_o great_a variety_n of_o minae_fw-la use_v among_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n but_o only_o suggest_v that_o the_o various_a import_n of_o the_o word_n in_o these_o nation_n seem_v to_o have_v proceed_v from_o the_o inconstancy_n of_o its_o signification_n in_o the_o oriental_a tongue_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v derive_v i_o will_v conclude_v with_o a_o observation_n of_o the_o harmony_n or_o good_a correspondence_n of_o the_o measure_n and_o weight_n thus_o state_v the_o cubit_n will_v lead_v to_o all_o the_o measure_n and_o to_o the_o shekel_n with_o the_o other_o weight_n thence_o derive_v and_o reciprocal_o the_o shekel_n will_v lead_v not_o only_o to_o the_o weight_n but_o to_o all_o the_o other_o measure_n thus_o take_v the_o cubit_n from_o the_o egyptian_a standard_n its_o cube_n be_v ardob_v the_o six_o of_o that_o be_v epha_n who_o ten_o be_v homer_n its_o ten_o cotyla_n its_o ten_o give_v a_o ounce_n averd._n of_o water_n half_o that_o give_v the_o shekel_n weight_n precise_o so_o reciprocal_o take_v a_o true_a shekel_n as_o divers_a still_o remain_v that_o double_v give_v a_o ounce_n of_o water_n this_o ten_o time_n be_v cotyla_n this_o ten_o time_n homer_n ten_o such_o be_v epha_n six_o epha_n a_o ardub_n it_o be_v cube_n root_n will_v agree_v with_o the_o standard-cubit_n of_o egypt_n i_o will_v conclude_v this_o discourse_n with_o the_o proposal_n of_o a_o method_n whereby_o this_o doctrine_n may_v be_v make_v useful_a to_o all_o nation_n most_o of_o which_o be_v unacquainted_a with_o our_o english_a standard_n of_o measure_n or_o weight_n to_o which_o only_o i_o have_v make_v my_o principal_a reduction_n in_o this_o book_n this_o i_o shall_v do_v by_o show_v that_o either_o the_o jewish_a cubit_n or_o our_o english_a foot_n may_v be_v express_v and_o understand_v by_o a_o know_a proportion_n to_o a_o universal_a measure_n which_o be_v either_o already_o know_v or_o may_v easy_o be_v find_v by_o the_o diligent_a enquirer_n in_o any_o nation_n such_o be_v a_o thread_n with_o a_o bullet_n annex_v adjust_v by_o careful_a trial_n to_o that_o length_n that_o every_o single_a vibration_n of_o it_o will_v spend_v just_a a_o second_o minute_n so_o that_o it_o will_v vibrate_v 60_o time_n in_o a_o first_o minute_n this_o length_n will_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o nation_n and_o age_n and_o may_v easy_o enough_o be_v find_v either_o by_o help_n of_o a_o true_a pendulum-clock_n or_o otherwise_o exact_o enough_o for_o humane_a use_n and_o as_o its_o motion_n will_v serve_v to_o measure_v all_o time_n so_o its_o length_n by_o the_o help_n of_o arithmetical_a operation_n and_o application_n may_v be_v employ_v to_o measure_v all_o other_o continue_a quantity_n it_o be_v whole_a length_n may_v be_v call_v the_o horary_a yard_n as_o a_o three_o part_n of_o it_o be_v denominate_v the_o horary_a foot_n by_o the_o learned_a proposer_n of_o it_o hugenius_n in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr horologio_fw-la oscillatorio_n this_o length_n be_v find_v in_o any_o nation_n may_v be_v apply_v to_o their_o usual_a measure_n whereby_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o the_o eye_n how_o it_o must_v be_v express_v in_o that_o nation_n as_o in_o we_o it_o be_v express_v by_o 1_o yard_n 3_o inch_n 25_o centesimal_n of_o a_o inch_n or_o by_o 39_o inch_n 25_o centesimal_n whereas_o the_o jewish_a cubit_n be_v find_v by_o we_o to_o be_v short_a viz._n 21.888_o wherefore_o to_o find_v what_o proportion_n or_o rate_v the_o universal_a measure_n have_v to_o the_o jewish_a cubit_n it_o will_v be_v conveniet_fw-la to_o suppose_v this_o measure_n divide_v into_o decimal_a part_n 10000_o and_o then_o we_o may_v find_v how_o many_o such_o part_n of_o that_o length_n be_v in_o their_o cubit_n by_o this_o analogy_n as_o the_o pendulum_n length_n in_o our_o know_a measure_n 39.25_o be_v to_o the_o jew_n cubit_n in_o the_o same_o measure_n 21.888_o so_o be_v the_o pendulum_n length_n in_o decimal_a part_n 10000_o to_o the_o jew_n cubit_n in_o such_o part_n 5576_o 5._o this_o four_o proportion_n give_v the_o jew_n cubit_n in_o its_o rate_n to_o 10000_o which_o be_v term_n most_o fit_a for_o general_a use_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n seek_v for_o now_o the_o cubit_n be_v so_o determine_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o side_n of_o a_o epha_n answer_v thereunto_o may_v be_v find_v by_o the_o method_n intimate_v in_o the_o harmony_n of_o measure_n late_o deliver_v and_o the_o epha_n be_v make_v 1000_o part_n thereof_o will_v give_v the_o ounce_n who_o half_a be_v the_o shekel_n wherefore_o by_o this_o method_n my_o labour_n in_o reduce_v these_o to_o our_o english_a standard_n may_v become_v useful_a to_o those_o that_o know_v not_o our_o standard_n and_o consequent_o to_o all_o that_o understand_v the_o language_n in_o which_o it_o be_v now_o write_v or_o into_o which_o it_o may_v be_v translate_v if_o it_o find_v acceptance_n corollary_n show_v the_o uses_n of_o this_o discourse_n of_o measure_n and_o weight_n 1._o these_o be_v sensible_a instance_n of_o god_n care_n of_o justice_n among_o men._n these_o determine_v every_o man_n property_n the_o bound_n of_o his_o land_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o fruit_n thereof_o and_o the_o value_n of_o his_o mony_n wherefore_o they_o be_v use_v both_o in_o the_o first_o set_v out_o of_o all_o estate_n and_o in_o all_o traffic_n succeed_v thereunto_o 2._o the_o fit_a measure_n of_o the_o tabernacle_n and_o temple_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n of_o the_o jew_n demonstrate_v god_n early_a care_n to_o settle_v his_o people_n israel_n in_o the_o form_n of_o one_o entire_a national_a church_n under_o moses_n aaron_n and_o the_o other_o priest_n who_o be_v general_a officer_n for_o all_o israel_n the_o church_n in_o the_o wilderness_n mention_v by_o st._n stephen_n act_v 7.38_o be_v thus_o national_a and_o be_v the_o first_o collective_a body_n of_o man_n call_v a_o church_n in_o the_o scripture-language_n by_o a_o man_n full_a of_o the_o evangelical_n spirit_n synagogue_n for_o particular_a neighbourhood_n convenience_n in_o the_o public_a exercise_n of_o religion_n be_v introduce_v long_o after_o by_o the_o pious_a prudence_n of_o the_o national_a governor_n of_o the_o jewish_a church_n and_o state_n and_o according_o be_v all_o subordinate_a to_o they_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v also_o that_o this_o limit_a place_n for_o public_a national_a worship_n be_v within_o their_o own_o nation_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o camp_n in_o the_o wilderness_n in_o their_o own_o land_n in_o canaan_n no_o recourse_n from_o it_o to_o a_o foreign_a church_n by_o appeal_n but_o all_o difference_n final_o decide_v within_o their_o own_o nation_n and_o therein_o all_o even_o aaron_n although_o the_o high_a priest_n and_o elder_a brother_n to_o moses_n yet_o be_v subject_n to_o moses_n who_o be_v king_n in_o jesurun_n by_o these_o mean_v all_o schismatical_a set_n up_o of_o one_o altar_n against_o another_o be_v prevent_v national_a communion_n in_o solemn_a and_o decent_a piety_n with_o perfect_a charity_n be_v promote_v which_o be_v no_o shadow_n but_o the_o most_o substantial_a concern_v of_o religion_n be_v to_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o gospel-time_n 3._o hereby_o be_v more_o evident_o prove_v the_o magnificence_n symmetry_n and_o beauty_n that_o be_v in_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o temple_n and_o the_o liberal_a maintenance_n which_o god_n provide_v for_o the_o levite_n his_o minister_n for_o if_o the_o cubit_n by_o i_o propose_v determine_v the_o area_n both_o of_o the_o temple_n and_o of_o the_o priest_n suburb_n as_o the_o scripture_n set_v they_o both_o out_o by_o cubit_n they_o must_v be_v much_o