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water_n night_n ounce_n time_n 8,978 5 5.2455 4 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A56139 An account of a portable barometer, with reasons and rules for the use of it how to weigh the air, measure its height, and foretell all the alteration of weather, the constitution of the atmosphere, and how the effluvia keep off the airs gravitation : with a new account and experiments, how rain, snow, winds, frost, thunder, lightning, hurricans and tornados are produced, and an inquiry, whether the planetary beams or influence can cause an alteration of weather, to be foretold by them : with a sensible demonstration of their influences and the insufficiency of all hygroscopes, thermometers, and other inventions, to discover the alterations of weather by : and lastly, rules and experiments for the certain knowledge of all the alterations of weather, both in quantity and quality / by Gust. Parker, Med. Parker, Gustavus. 1699 (1699) Wing P391; ESTC R1399 37,634 125

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the_o weight_n may_v and_o do_v consist_v of_o ounce_n drachm_n scruple_n and_o grain_n and_o may_v as_o well_o be_v pound_n or_o hundred_o but_o will_v be_v most_o convenient_a to_o have_v they_o of_o one_o denomination_n and_o the_o big_a or_o more_o weight_n we_o use_v the_o great_a will_v be_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o small_a part_n if_o the_o balance_n be_v good_a to_o foretell_v the_o last_o as_o well_o as_o other_o alteration_n of_o weather_n by_o which_o with_o small_a weight_n except_o the_o balance_n be_v very_o nice_a will_v not_o be_v casie_a to_o distinguish_v so_o many_o minute_n variation_n as_o all_o the_o alteration_n of_o weather_n will_v require_v i_o have_v therefore_o a_o weight_n consist_v of_o or_o divide_v into_o 2000_o equal_a part_n for_o the_o middle_a or_o centre_n of_o variation_n and_o have_v not_o yet_o observe_v the_o weight_n of_o air_n to_o vary_v full_a 60_o such_o part_n either_o above_o or_o below_o that_o number_n that_o be_v 120_o in_o all_o 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considerable_a alteration_n though_o there_o be_v no_o rain_n and_o be_v easy_o discover_v by_o several_a hygroscope_n by_o their_o surprise_a gravity_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o ten_o chapter_n thus_o our_o aeolian_a effluvia_fw-la do_v not_o only_o keep_v off_o the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o air_n but_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o variation_n of_o its_o weight_n chap._n ii_o how_o rain_n and_o snow_n be_v generate_v and_o produce_v and_o why_o they_o make_v a_o cylinder_n of_o air_n light_a and_o yet_o any_o other_o particular_a parcel_n of_o air_n much_o heavy_a what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v upon_o the_o content_n of_o this_o chapter_n be_v not_o of_o the_o prime_a cause_n of_o rain_n and_o snow_n but_o only_o a_o short_a account_n of_o their_o generation_n and_o production_n in_o relation_n to_o their_o affection_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o use_n of_o the_o barometer_n rain_n and_o snow_n then_o be_v generate_v of_o the_o same_o matter_n but_o for_o distinction_n i_o will_v first_o give_v a_o account_n of_o rain_n and_o then_o of_o snow_n rain_n be_v generate_v of_o the_o effluvium_n that_o constitute_v our_o terraqueous_a atmosphere_n be_v by_o their_o emancipate_v motion_n in_o a_o certain_a part_n thereof_o drive_v towards_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o sun_n reflection_n into_o a_o cool_a region_n they_o soon_o condense_a in_o some_o little_a part_n first_o which_o condensation_n immediate_o make_v room_n for_o the_o natural_a elasticity_n of_o the_o air_n which_o as_o soon_o begin_v to_o carry_v a_o long_a with_o it_o all_o the_o other_o effluvia_fw-la round_o about_o to_o the_o first_o condensation_n where_o be_v by_o this_o elastic_a force_n first_o bring_v from_o all_o the_o neighbour_a part_n the_o effluvious_a air_n than_o run_v down_o by_o its_o own_o weight_n and_o elasticity_n from_o every_o side_n to_o a_o vast_a extent_n where_o be_v heap_v and_o crowd_v together_o they_o not_o only_o fall_v by_o their_o innate_a gravity_n but_o by_o the_o same_o motion_n of_o air_n which_o now_o be_v wind_n be_v send_v down_o sometime_o with_o extreme_a violence_n and_o thus_o not_o only_o the_o neighbour_a atom_n be_v condense_v in_o a_o little_a cloud_n and_o small_a shower_n but_o the_o whole_a hemispherical_a effluvia_fw-la be_v drive_v and_o draw_v together_o and_o discharge_v upon_o a_o whole_a country_n or_o national_a horizon_n oftentimes_o till_o the_o whole_a half_a atmosphere_n be_v empty_v of_o all_o those_o vapour_n and_o then_o have_v make_v a_o current_n from_o every_o part_n beyond_o all_o the_o other_o emanation_n that_o be_v raise_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n as_o ready_o flow_v hither_o to_o be_v discharge_v here_o in_o continual_a rain_n for_o a_o long_a time_n together_o till_o by_o a_o piarticule_a condensation_n in_o some_o other_o place_n the_o course_n be_v alter_v and_o the_o current_n turn_v and_o then_o it_o may_v be_v dry_a as_o long_o the_o continual_a stream_n of_o atom_n be_v carry_v away_o to_o other_o place_n to_o be_v discharge_v there_o the_o difference_n between_o storm_n or_o a_o little_a wet_a and_o last_a settle_a rain_n be_v that_o in_o the_o first_o emancipate_v atom_n be_v not_o so_o thick_a or_o copious_a as_o at_o other_o time_n in_o their_o elevate_a motion_n become_v bound_v by_o particular_a eddy_n of_o air_n which_o drive_v they_o so_o close_o together_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o be_v form_v into_o cloud_n and_o by_o their_o be_v drive_v yet_o close_o together_o by_o the_o power_n and_o strength_n of_o these_o eddy_n and_o the_o addition_n of_o fresh_a matter_n the_o small_a atom_n fall_v so_o fast_o one_o into_o another_o by_o cold_a and_o compressure_n that_o very_o large_a drop_n be_v immediate_o produce_v and_o send_v down_o with_o more_o or_o less_o violence_n according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o their_o motion_n the_o season_n and_o air._n but_o in_o settle_a rain_n the_o effluvious_a vapour_n have_v for_o some_o time_n before_o be_v continual_o fill_v our_o hemesphere_n from_o all_o part_n without_o any_o discharge_n in_o a_o still_a and_o quiet_a manner_n without_o disturb_v the_o air_n at_o last_o receive_v a_o condensation_n as_o above_o in_o some_o particular_a part_n which_o immediate_o make_v way_n for_o the_o air_n elasticity_n but_o be_v now_o every_o where_o fill_v which_o these_o vapour_n can_v unbend_v or_o move_v so_o fast_o yet_o continual_o bring_v the_o neighbour_a vapour_n and_o so_o be_v gentle_o and_o continual_o send_v down_o as_o long_o as_o they_o last_o snow_n be_v generate_v of_o the_o same_o effluvium_n or_o small_a piece_n of_o moisture_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n and_o the_o country_n proper_a with_o hill_n mountain_n and_o latitude_n the_o calorifick_a beam_n be_v easy_o hinder_v by_o they_o or_o not_o tend_v far_o enough_o for_o the_o other_o together_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o contrary_a motion_n or_o interposition_n of_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o other_o star_n or_o obstruct_v by_o the_o numerous_a effluvia_fw-la that_o murales_fw-la or_o or_o wall_n the_o whole_a atmosphere_n or_o by_o contrary_a currant_n of_o air_n or_o wind_n and_o the_o heat_n be_v thus_o or_o any_o other_o way_n keep_v off_o and_o the_o effluvious_a vapour_n continue_v their_o pneumatick_a motion_n without_o any_o great_a pressure_n they_o be_v not_o condense_v into_o drop_n but_o be_v freeze_v in_o their_o own_o shape_n in_o some_o little_a part_n first_o which_o be_v quick_o extend_v to_o all_o the_o rest_n by_o the_o frigorifick_a saline_n particl_v as_o they_o use_v to_o tell_v we_o universal_o disperse_v and_o mix_v with_o these_o atom_n but_o rather_o by_o the_o former_a privation_n as_o will_v be_v further_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o 6_o chapter_n then_o be_v drive_v a_o little_a close_o they_o fall_v by_o their_o own_o weight_n in_o big_a or_o lesser_a flake_n and_o with_o more_o or_o less_o drive_v according_a as_o the_o motion_n cold_a and_o pressure_n be_v then_o as_o for_o hail_o that_o be_v seldom_o any_o other_o way_n than_o in_o storm_n and_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o half_a freeze_a snow_n and_o rain_n mix_v together_o the_o manner_n of_o its_o generation_n and_o production_n may_v be_v easy_o conceive_v by_o the_o account_n i_o have_v give_v of_o rain_n and_o snow_n with_o better_a satisfaction_n than_o what_o they_o use_v to_o tell_v we_o of_o the_o drop_n freeze_v after_o they_o fall_v from_o the_o cloud_n which_o be_v almost_o impossible_a but_o this_o be_v not_o so_o direct_o to_o my_o purpose_n i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o it_o but_o only_o demonstrate_v how_o rain_n and_o snow_n which_o thus_o thicken_v and_o fill_v the_o air_n yet_o make_v a_o cylinder_n thereof_o much_o light_a but_o any_o other_o particular_a parcel_n of_o air_n much_o heavy_a the_o reason_n why_o snow_n and_o rain_n make_v a_o cylinder_n of_o air_n light_a be_v that_o the_o effluvious_a vapour_n that_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n and_o of_o which_o it_o consist_v be_v so_o very_o numerous_a from_o every_o part_n of_o matter_n and_o so_o constant_o and_o powerful_o send_v out_o that_o they_o not_o only_o make_v particular_a stream_n from_o the_o more_o fluid_a part_n but_o a_o universal_a stream_n from_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o all_o other_o consistent_a body_n whatever_o this_o universal_a stream_n or_o flood_n of_o vapour_n be_v thus_o unite_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n make_v a_o entire_a screen_n of_o condense_a or_o thicken_v matter_n to_o a_o great_a thickness_n be_v near_o a_o thousand_o time_n more_o solid_a than_o air_n before_o they_o appear_v in_o cloud_n and_o therefore_o must_v needs_o keep_v off_o or_o stop_v the_o air_n penetration_n and_o thereby_o its_o gravitation_n which_o yet_o do_v not_o require_v a_o general_a rain_n or_o snow_n for_o a_o little_a that_o come_v by_o particular_a current_n or_o eddy_n in_o storm_n will_v do_v it_o for_o they_o be_v of_o no_o great_a height_n want_v no_o great_a extent_n to_o hinder_v both_o the_o direct_a and_o collateral_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n as_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o common_a barometer_n in_o a_o little_a distance_n thus_o the_o ethereal_a particle_n be_v always_o hinder_v by_o these_o emanation_n at_o all_o time_n but_o much_o more_o in_o wet_a than_o in_o dry_a weather_n and_o the_o near_o the_o earth_n surface_n the_o more_o they_o be_v obstruct_v as_o appear_v in_o the_o little_a height_n of_o small_a hill_n by_o the_o same_o barometer_n so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a a_o cylinder_n of_o air_n shall_v weigh_v so_o much_o in_o wet_a as_o it_o do_v in_o dry_a weather_n which_o i_o shall_v now_o demonstrate_v by_o experiment_n also_o experiment_n in_o weigh_v the_o air._n in_o weigh_v the_o air_n with_o the_o portable_a barometer_n
swell_v the_o water_n into_o mountain_n and_o the_o people_n cry_v out_o garde_n le_fw-fr mascaret_fw-la in_o summer_n time_n and_o the_o calm_a air_n so_o the_o gulf_n of_o lion_n often_o threaten_v the_o adjacent_a country_n with_o a_o deluge_n the_o lake_n of_o geneva_n and_o several_a other_o place_n from_o the_o same_o cause_n chap._n iu._n that_o violent_a tempest_n hurricane_n or_o tornado_n etc._n etc._n seldom_o happen_v in_o cold_a country_n winter-season_n large_a plain_n or_o great_a sea_n wind_n be_v generate_v according_a to_o the_o precede_a manner_n they_o may_v consist_v of_o almost_o infinite_a variety_n of_o salt_n sulphur_n spirit_n mineral_n and_o subterraneous_a juice_n damp_n and_o aeolian_a ejection_n mist_n and_o rarify_v vapour_n rain_n or_o dissolve_v snow_n break_v and_o dissipate_v cloud_n or_o agitate_a air_n and_o so_o may_v be_v hot_a cold_a dry_a moist_a etc._n etc._n and_o thereby_o also_o more_o or_o less_o last_a or_o violent_a according_a to_o the_o matter_n power_n and_o plenty_n of_o their_o cause_n yet_o must_v be_v raise_v in_o natural_a way_n from_o their_o fountain_n or_o proper_a production_n which_o be_v very_o easy_o effect_v without_o recourse_n to_o occult_a cause_n upon_o so_o tender_a a_o fluid_a as_o air_n by_o the_o forego_n way_n in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n and_o may_v be_v as_o true_o foretell_v by_o the_o portable_a barometer_n notwithstanding_o all_o this_o variety_n by_o the_o alteration_n they_o produce_v in_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n but_o yet_o violent_a wind_n storm_n tempest_n hurricane_n tornado_n &c._n &c._n can_v be_v so_o easy_o produce_v in_o cold_a country_n hard_o frosty_a season_n large_a plain_n or_o great_a sea_n as_o ●n_v warm_a region_n rockey_n country_n or_o narrow_a and_o craggy_a sea_n for_o in_o cold_a country_n or_o frosty_a season_n the_o effluvious_a air_n be_v too_o much_o condense_v into_o a_o kind_n of_o fixation_n and_o thereby_o not_o only_o keep_v the_o effluvia_fw-la in_o the_o same_o posture_n but_o wall_n in_o very_a atmosphere_n against_o all_o other_o pneumatick_a attack_n whatever_o that_o the_o most_o violent_a protrusion_n of_o exotic_a force_n can_v never_o disorder_v their_o perennial_a structure_n but_o can_v only_o displace_v some_o outward_a particle_n which_o the_o stand_a force_n of_o the_o rest_n will_v take_v no_o notice_n of_o nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o internal_a disturbance_n to_o disorder_v their_o quiet_n for_o the_o same_o cold_a that_o fix_v the_o effluvia_fw-la keep_v they_o so_o and_o hinder_v all_o other_o commotion_n and_o also_o shut_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n hinder_v the_o rarefaction_n of_o vapour_n and_o stop_v all_o manner_n of_o effervescency_n and_o calid_a emotion_n of_o subterraneous_a mineral_n heterogeneous_a spirit_n and_o ejection_n whereby_o the_o atmosphere_n must_v needs_o be_v much_o more_o quiet_a and_o free_a from_o these_o rage_a disturbance_n in_o such_o place_n and_o at_o such_o time_n than_o in_o hot_a mountainous_a or_o rocky_a place_n and_o so_o in_o large_a plain_n or_o great_a sea_n there_o can_v be_v nothing_o to_o interrupt_v or_o obstruct_v the_o current_n or_o course_n or_o the_o air_n but_o as_o it_o come_v so_o it_o continue_v its_o progress_n and_o go_v away_o in_o a_o great_a body_n to_o a_o vast_a distance_n and_o meet_v with_o neither_o resilition_n nor_o compression_n no_o hill_n mountain_n nor_o vulcanos_fw-la but_o be_v continue_v almost_o in_o a_o perennial_a course_n either_o with_o the_o sun_n earth_n or_o primum_fw-la mobile_a in_o all_o such_o place_n as_o well_o as_o the_o whole_a torrid_a zone_n and_o some_o degree_n on_o each_o side_n except_o in_o rocky_a country_n narrow_a sea_n etc._n etc._n in_o trade_n etesian_a or_o anniversary_n wind_n or_o with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o air_n and_o water_n as_o the_o levant_n and_o provincial_a wind_n in_o continue_a stream_n or_o at_o most_o in_o gentle_a puff_n and_o even_a gale_n create_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o particular_a cloud_n soft_a rains_n moderate_a storm_n or_o effluvious_a density_n that_o propell_v the_o air_n before_o they_o in_o such_o undulous_a a_o sperity_n but_o must_v be_v something_o extraordinary_a or_o a_o great_a complication_n of_o cause_n that_o can_v seldom_o happen_v to_o produce_v a_o hurricane_a tornado_n etc._n etc._n beside_o in_o cold_a country_n great_a sea_n large_a plain_n etc._n etc._n the_o chief_a material_a efficient_n be_v want_v a_o powerful_a effervescency_n confuse_a eddy_n transverse_a resilition_n strong_a compression_n and_o heap_v superoneration_n therefore_o beside_o the_o freedom_n from_o these_o violent_a sort_n of_o weather_n these_o place_n must_v needs_o enjoy_v more_o mild_a and_o temperate_a season_n at_o all_o time_n except_o heat_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n than_o any_o other_o yet_o heat_n and_o cold_a as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o weather_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o particular_a temperature_n disposition_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n assist_v by_o the_o presence_n or_o absence_n of_o the_o calorifick_a beam_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o place_n and_o so_o may_v be_v as_o well_o foretell_v by_o the_o alteration_n they_o make_v in_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n as_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o weather_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o seven_o and_o eight_o chapter_n follow_v chap._n v._o that_o they_o be_v easy_o foretell_v because_o they_o produce_v the_o great_a variation_n in_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air._n wind_n be_v only_o the_o motion_n or_o agitation_n of_o our_o effluvious_a air_n it_o may_v at_o first_o seem_v strange_a how_o they_o shall_v cause_v so_o great_a a_o alteration_n in_o the_o weight_n thereof_o above_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o wether_n and_o will_v be_v almost_o surprise_v to_o see_v a_o cylinder_n of_o air_n that_o now_o weigh_v 2020_o or_o more_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n not_o to_o weigh_v above_o 1970_o or_o less_o and_o after_o the_o wind_n be_v over_o in_o a_o little_o long_a time_n to_o weigh_v 2020_o again_o or_o more_o than_o it_o do_v before_o til●_n the_o matter_n and_o cause_n be_v consider_v if_o our_o hemispherical_a part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n continue_v of_o a_o even_a thickness_n and_o the_o effluvia_fw-la in_o the_o same_o posture_n a_o cylinder_n of_o air_n must_v needs_o continue_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n for_o as_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o alter_v its_o density_n so_o it_o be_v impossible_a it_o shall_v alter_v its_o gravity_n and_o continue_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n the_o effluvia_fw-la be_v neither_o disperse_v nor_o more_o heap_v or_o crowd_v together_o therefore_o be_v still_o there_o can_v be_v no_o wind_n and_o the_o long_o it_o hold_v the_o great_a the_o calm_a if_o it_o continue_v two_o or_o three_o day_n a_o feather_n will_v fall_v perpendicular_a from_o a_o considerable_a height_n so_o that_o let_v the_o weight_n be_v what_o it_o will_v or_o can_v when_o ever_o it_o stand_v it_o be_v always_o calm_a which_o may_v be_v further_o say_v to_o be_v almost_o more_o than_o true_a if_o possible_a for_o it_o may_v continue_v to_o increase_v or_o decrease_v one_o two_o or_o three_o part_n in_o 24_o hour_n and_o yet_o it_o will_v continue_v calm_a from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a variation_n and_o so_o for_o violent_a storm_n tempest_n hurricane_n and_o tornado_n they_o be_v produce_v by_o such_o mean_v relate_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n it_o will_v be_v impossible_a any_o of_o they_o shall_v happen_v when_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n do_v not_o alter_v above_o two_o three_o four_o five_o or_o six_o part_n in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n nor_o indeed_o in_o half_a that_o time_n let_v the_o alteration_n be_v in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o variation_n it_o will_v though_o between_o 2020_o and_o 1980_o five_o or_o six_o part_n will_v be_v near_o as_o much_o as_o ten_o in_o any_o other_o part_n for_o if_o it_o be_v more_o than_o 2020_o the_o air_n be_v too_o dry_a or_o fair_a so_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o put_v it_o into_o motion_n and_o if_o it_o be_v less_o than_o 1980_o it_o be_v too_o wet_a or_o too_o much_o fill_v and_o thicken_v every_o where_n with_o the_o effluvious_a vapour_n to_o receive_v any_o such_o disturbance_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o none_o of_o these_o violent_a tempest_n never_o come_v when_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n alter_v no_o fast_o be_v that_o the_o effluvious_a vapour_n come_v smooth_o on_o and_o the_o atmosphere_n thicken_v by_o degree_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v our_o hemispherical_a part_n thereof_o be_v gradual_o fill_v to_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a depth_n and_o thickness_n and_o therefore_o must_v be_v leisurely_o discharge_v in_o the_o manner_n relate_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n about_o rain_n for_o thus_o our_o hemisphere_n be_v secure_v from_o all_o manner_n of_o violence_n from_o outward_a attack_n or_o inward_a disturbance_n of_o strong_a compression_n confuse_a
and_o to_o be_v drive_v never_o so_o close_o by_o wind_n and_o compression_n the_o other_o three_o part_n will_v prevent_v the_o ignition_n of_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v easy_o experience_v by_o take_v niter_n sulphur_n and_o water_n of_o each_o alike_o in_o a_o crucible_n that_o will_v hold_v two_o or_o three_o time_n as_o much_o well_o lute_v and_o set_v it_o on_o a_o gentle_a fire_n at_o first_o the_o crucible_n may_v be_v very_o red_a without_o any_o fire_n break_v out_o and_o if_o then_o a_o vent_n be_v make_v through_o the_o lute_n to_o let_v it_o boil_v over_o which_o it_o will_v immediate_o do_v into_o the_o fire_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o kindle_v till_o the_o water_n be_v evaporate_v we_o have_v another_o common_a experiment_n in_o the_o trial_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n with_o gunpowder_n the_o most_o inflammable_a of_o any_o thing_n we_o know_v by_o take_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o a_o spoon_n with_o some_o corn_n of_o gunpowder_n at_o the_o bottom_n and_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n if_o there_o be_v but_o a_o little_a phlegm_n in_o the_o spirit_n the_o gunpowder_n will_v be_v leave_v almost_o dry_a at_o the_o bottom_n yet_o not_o fire_v though_o surround_v with_o the_o fire_n and_o keep_v stir_v all_o the_o while_n thus_o it_o seem_v almost_o impossible_a thunder_n and_o lightning_n shall_v be_v produce_v from_o any_o thing_n of_o niter_n or_o sulphur_n or_o any_o terrene_a effluvia_fw-la without_o some_o other_o assistance_n but_o rather_o from_o a_o concave_a collection_n of_o the_o promethean_a fire_n by_o several_a nebulous_a conical_a profundity_n which_o can_v be_v when_o the_o air_n thicken_v by_o degree_n for_o continual_a rain_n for_o then_o the_o sun_n beam_n be_v equal_o mix_v with_o the_o effluvia_fw-la only_o some_o few_o exclude_v and_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v of_o one_o consistency_n there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o disturbance_n but_o when_o it_o be_v somewhat_o still_o and_o in_o a_o little_a dryish_a time_n and_o place_n when_o the_o effluvia_fw-la be_v send_v up_o by_o more_o plentiful_a stream_n from_o some_o particular_a place_n and_o few_o from_o other_o by_o which_o if_o those_o stream_n receive_v a_o circumjacent_a pressure_n by_o their_o propulsion_n through_o the_o effluvious_a air_n or_o be_v but_o keep_v from_o dilate_v they_o will_v natural_o terminate_v in_o cones_n but_o whether_o conical_a or_o cylindrical_a those_o near_a the_o earth_n will_v be_v most_o unite_a and_o thereby_o form_v the_o solar_a ray_n into_o erect_v or_o incline_v conical_a figure_n among_o the_o cloud_n which_o by_o the_o atmospherical_a eddy_n and_o current_n that_o be_v then_o very_o deep_a both_o fire_n and_o water_n become_v more_o and_o more_o compress_v and_o can_v be_v carry_v very_o far_o before_o they_o be_v dischare_v some_o indirect_a coruscation_n which_o they_o may_v gain_v by_o that_o motion_n and_o other_o in_o collateral_a or_o incline_v one_o which_o they_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n so_o that_o whenever_o the_o effluvious_a vapour_n receive_v or_o acquire_v such_o a_o disposition_n with_o sufficient_a depth_n and_o density_n it_o may_v thunder_n though_o in_o winter_n and_o for_o further_a confirmation_n if_o we_o take_v a_o ordinary_a concave-glass_n and_o concenturate_a the_o sun_n beam_n but_o upon_o a_o basin_n of_o water_n they_o will_v quick_o put_v it_o into_o a_o bullition_n and_o if_o keep_v steady_a upon_o the_o same_o place_n for_o some_o time_n they_o will_v at_o last_o give_v it_o the_o same_o motion_n and_o sound_n of_o thunder_n with_o that_o in_o the_o cloud_n but_o if_o with_o a_o onvenient_o shape_v and_o size_a glass_n like_o a_o boult-head_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n be_v exact_o place_v and_o fill_v with_o fair_a water_n and_o with_o a_o good_a concave-glass_n the_o sun_n beam_n be_v concenturate_v upon_o that_o solid_a body_n of_o water_n in_o the_o other_o glass_n with_o care_n to_o heat_v it_o leisurely_o that_o the_o fire_n may_v not_o crack_v the_o glass_n till_o thorough_o warm_a and_o then_o keep_v steady_a upon_o the_o same_o place_n as_o before_o these_o igneous_a corpuscle_n will_v not_o only_o bring_v that_o water_n to_o the_o same_o thunder_a bullition_n with_o that_o in_o the_o cloud_n by_o the_o various_a impulsive_a motion_n of_o its_o rise_n and_o fall_v but_o these_o very_a beam_n by_o those_o impulsion_n will_v various_o penetrate_v both_o glass_n and_o water_n in_o diverse_a linghtning_n flash_n thus_o we_o have_v no_o occasion_n to_o fill_v the_o air_n with_o so_o much_o niter_n and_o sulphur_n to_o save_v the_o phaenomenon_n of_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n but_o it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o have_v it_o season_v like_o other_o product_n then_o for_o the_o lightning_n come_v downward_o either_o right_a side_n way_n or_o incline_v and_o as_o it_o be_v think_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o other_o fire_n who_o flame_n be_v also_o think_v will_v go_v no_o other_o way_n but_o upward_o till_o by_o melt_a niter_n in_o some_o iron_n or_o other_o sulphureous_a vessel_n that_o spirituous_a and_o penetrate_a salt_n by_o that_o heat_n mix_v with_o the_o imbibed_a oil_n or_o concetre_v sulphur_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o have_v acquire_v a_o complete_a red_a body_n of_o fire_n i_o say_v a_o body_n of_o fire_n who_o atom_n have_v the_o same_o passage_n can_v as_o well_o go_v back_o as_o they_o come_v in_o and_o these_o saline_n particle_n can_v now_o we_o see_v by_o the_o help_n of_o that_o oil_n or_o sulphur_n accompany_v they_o with_o natural_a coruscation_n for_o niter_n be_v make_v a_o body_n of_o fire_n that_o consist_v of_o such_o subtle_a or_o rather_o spirituous_a part_n to_o what_o part_n soever_o the_o oil_n or_o sulphur_n or_o any_o other_o combustible_a matter_n be_v contiguous_a from_o thence_o the_o flash_n must_v proceed_v there_o be_v nothing_o to_o hinder_v as_o well_o downward_o incline_v or_o sideways_o as_o right_v up_o and_o so_o from_o any_o other_o body_n of_o fire_n that_o be_v not_o fuel_n as_o well_o as_o niter_n for_o niter_n be_v no_o way_n inflammable_a of_o its_o self_n which_o may_v soon_o be_v prove_v in_o a_o crucible_n at_o any_o time_n but_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o flame_n of_o any_o combustible_a matter_n alone_o however_o dispose_v shall_v go_v any_o other_o way_n than_o upward_o except_o the_o air_n incline_v it_o other_o way_n because_o the_o terrene_a propulsion_n be_v make_v that_o way_n and_o increase_v by_o the_o heat_n if_o near_o and_o most_o such_o thing_n grow_v liquid_a by_o inversion_n and_o that_o weight_n be_v extinguish_v but_o yet_o it_o be_v as_o unlikely_a if_o not_o impossible_a that_o any_o fiery_a flash_n shall_v be_v produce_v from_o any_o terrene_a concrete_a to_o be_v continue_v to_o half_a that_o strength_n and_o distance_n that_o lightning_n be_v know_v to_o be_v of_o nor_o can_v they_o by_o any_o mean_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o true_a resemblance_n not_o those_o of_o niter_n and_o sulphur_n to_o they_o of_o lightning_n who_o ray_n be_v universal_o defuse_a be_v easy_o collect_v and_o may_v be_v compress_v a_o thousand_o time_n more_o than_o a_o little_a air_n in_o a_o wind_n gun_n to_o solve_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o many_o other_o consequence_n but_o the_o hard_a of_o all_o be_v that_o it_o be_v often_o time_n know_v to_o hail_n with_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n how_o these_o cloud_n that_o contain_v so_o much_o fire_n shall_v yet_o freeze_v the_o water_n be_v very_o strange_a that_o it_o can_v in_o thunder_v weather_n well_o be_v think_v to_o freeze_v in_o fall_v as_o be_v former_o assert_v but_o rather_o that_o in_o warm_a season_n as_o some_o place_n become_v dry_a so_o the_o moist_a one_o send_v up_o more_o plentiful_a effluvia_fw-la whereby_o these_o plentiful_a effluvia_fw-la become_v limit_v to_o such_o place_n and_o more_o jejune_n effluvia_fw-la to_o the_o dry_a one_o which_o be_v augment_v to_o a_o sufficient_a depth_n and_o density_n they_o will_v both_o exclude_v and_o collect_v the_o solar_a ray_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o more_o powerful_o by_o this_o disposition_n and_o their_o contrary_a quality_n and_o so_o may_v hail_v and_o thunder_n at_o the_o same_o time_n though_o in_o hot_a weather_n this_o also_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o common_o the_o spring_n time_n and_o not_o in_o summer_n be_v more_o windy_a and_o stormy_a than_o any_o other_o season_n and_o from_o hence_o another_o of_o more_o wet_a in_o autumn_n but_o will_v be_v too_o much_o for_o this_o short_a account_n though_o it_o will_v further_o elucidate_v the_o matter_n and_o give_v a_o explication_n to_o that_o of_o frost_n which_o i_o shall_v now_o endeavour_v to_o evince_v by_o these_o experiment_n frost_n then_o be_v only_o a_o ultimate_a but_o may_v be_v not_o the_o most_o ultimate_a effect_n of_o cold_a be_v produce_v by_o great_a or_o lesser_a degree_n of_o that_o
with_o the_o terraqueous_a emotion_n constant_o assist_v and_o be_v in_o a_o thick_a medium_n though_o there_o be_v a_o less_o degree_n of_o heat_n in_o appearance_n yet_o it_o will_v be_v long_o retain_v will_v keep_v it_o from_o freeze_a all_o which_o be_v further_a demonstrable_a from_o all_o other_o liquid_n if_o heat_v the_o thick_a they_o be_v the_o long_o they_o keep_v hot_a or_o whether_o actual_o heat_v or_o not_o a_o common_a thermometer_n will_v discover_v river_n or_o pond-water_n in_o winter_n time_n and_o sometime_o in_o a_o warm_a season_n to_o be_v hot_a than_o the_o air_n and_o sea_n or_o salt-water_n to_o be_v warm_a than_o those_o and_o oil_n of_o tartar_n or_o vitriol_n hot_a than_o the_o salt-water_n and_o quicksilver_n the_o heavy_a liquid_a we_o know_v which_o all_o the_o world_n look_v upon_o to_o be_v very_o cold_a to_o be_v warm_a than_o any_o of_o they_o and_o so_o many_o other_o likewise_o chap._n ix_o whether_o the_o planetary_a beam_n or_o influence_n can_v cause_v a_o alteration_n of_o weather_n to_o be_v foretell_v by_o they_o what_o some_o astrologer_n have_v tell_v we_o about_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o weather_n from_o the_o planet_n be_v no_o way_n satisfactory_a and_o very_o strange_a it_o shall_v be_v continue_v down_o to_o these_o time_n that_o some_o of_o our_o vertuosi_n have_v not_o tell_v we_o something_o about_o that_o as_o well_o as_o other_o natural_a discovery_n that_o we_o may_v be_v no_o long_o impose_v upon_o by_o tell_v we_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o wind_n and_o weather_n etc._n etc._n be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o several_a planet_n but_o have_v tell_v we_o neither_o reason_n nor_o cause_n of_o this_o appropriation_n and_o other_o that_o the_o several_a planet_n be_v author_n of_o these_o sort_n of_o wind_n and_o weather_n and_o another_o that_o have_v write_v only_o of_o the_o wether_n tell_v we_o the_o seven_o visible_a planet_n in_o the_o sky_n have_v their_o correspondent_a one_o in_o the_o air_n and_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v night_n and_o day_n at_o work_n in_o make_v those_o fort_n of_o weather_n for_o we_o and_o thereby_o undertake_v to_o tell_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o the_o vulgar_a prognosticator_n error_n and_o the_o true_a way_n of_o judge_v the_o weather_n with_o as_o much_o truth_n as_o the_o rest_n for_o indeed_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o either_o wind_n rain_n or_o fair_a weather_n frost_n snow_n or_o thunder_n shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o planet_n they_o be_v compose_v of_o no_o such_o matter_n nor_o be_v they_o intelligent_a to_o effect_v it_o yet_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o other_o star_n have_v their_o particular_a ray_n of_o light_n but_o whether_o these_o ray_n of_o light_n be_v beam_n of_o fire_n or_o not_o and_o differ_v only_o in_o quantity_n and_o not_o in_o quality_n as_o their_o different_a light_n appear_v and_o from_o whence_o they_o have_v their_o light_n whether_o inate_a or_o not_o will_v be_v too_o much_o for_o this_o short_a account_n and_o that_o those_o from_o the_o sun_n especial_o at_o any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n but_o too_o apparent_a to_o be_v question_v in_o summer_n time_n be_v of_o sufficient_a power_n to_o disperse_v several_a vapour_n mist_n and_o cloud_n raise_v from_o our_o terraqueous_a globe_n for_o it_o be_v the_o earth_n and_o not_o the_o sun_n moon_n or_o star_n that_o be_v the_o first_o mother_n of_o meteor_n it_o be_v the_o terrene_a emotion_n with_o some_o new_a modification_n that_o give_v birth_n to_o they_o all_o according_a to_o the_o first_o second_o and_o three_o chapter_n and_o not_o the_o planer_n conjoin_v in_o watery_a sign_n where_o may_v be_v they_o place_v the_o watery_a window_n of_o heaven_n speak_v of_o in_o the_o seven_o of_o genesis_n that_o make_v their_o apertio_fw-la portarum_fw-la or_o open_v the_o gate_n of_o heaven_n and_o those_o that_o rain_v fire_n and_o brimstone_n on_o sodom_n in_o fiery_a sign_n and_o other_o in_o airy_a one_o but_o we_o never_o hear_v what_o from_o earthly_a sign_n therefore_o as_o none_o of_o these_o sort_n of_o weather_n can_v proceed_v from_o the_o planet_n so_o neither_o can_v they_o from_o any_o of_o the_o sign_n nor_o the_o planet_n conjoin_v in_o they_o but_o the_o effluvia_fw-la be_v raise_v in_o the_o precede_a manner_n be_v indetermine_v precise_o both_o to_o time_n and_o place_n yet_o by_o several_a eruption_n propulsion_n rarefaction_n compression_n and_o resilition_n they_o may_v receive_v or_o meet_v with_o as_o well_o in_o their_o first_o ascension_n as_o afterward_o they_o may_v be_v drive_v spread_v and_o discharge_v to_o and_o in_o several_a distant_a place_n without_o any_o other_o assistance_n but_o these_o chief_o happen_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o in_o some_o hilly_a or_o mountainous_a country_n or_o near_o some_o vulcanos_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o paroxysm_n and_o not_o often_o in_o more_o open_a and_o plain_a country_n or_o temperate_a climate_n and_o be_v constant_a no_n where_o whereby_o the_o effluvia_fw-la be_v sometime_o in_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o place_n leave_v and_o at_o most_o time_n in_o other_o place_n to_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o beam_n or_o influence_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o i_o believe_v may_v be_v evince_v of_o sufficient_a power_n to_o alter_v and_o disperse_v they_o first_o of_o the_o sun_n beam_n which_o in_o most_o country_n be_v know_v every_o day_n they_o appear_v but_o a_o few_o hour_n to_o disperse_v all_o foggy_a mist_n and_o vapour_n and_o turn_v a_o dark_a cloudy_a morning_n into_o a_o clear_a and_o fair_a day_n not_o by_o any_o occult_a property_n but_o by_o a_o manifest_a one_o as_o all_o other_o heat_n in_o boil_a distil_v or_o other_o coction_n do_v and_o so_o for_o wind_n the_o general_a or_o trade_n wind_n be_v always_o according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o earth_n as_o far_o as_o these_o beam_n and_o the_o inferior_a tract_n be_v conformable_a or_o proper_a some_o degree_n beyond_o the_o whole_a breadth_n of_o the_o zodiac_n on_o either_o side_n they_o constant_o propel_v all_o humid_a vapour_n and_o air_n before_o they_o and_o so_o likewise_o the_o monsoons_o which_o sir_n thomas_n herbert_n in_o his_o travel_n say_v begin_v exact_o at_o the_o sun_n entrance_n into_o a_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o blow_v half_a a_o year_n constant_o that_o way_n till_o the_o sun_n enter_v into_o the_o opposite_a degree_n and_o then_o they_o blow_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o other_o way_n captain_n swanly_n say_v the_o monsoons_o reign_v five_o month_n on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o compass_n and_o five_o month_n on_o the_o other_o and_o that_o there_o be_v two_o month_n in_o which_o they_o change_v be_v variable_a or_o break_v up_o as_o some_o term_n these_o alteration_n in_o march_n and_o september_n when_o the_o sun_n cross_v the_o line_n and_o as_o long_o as_o the_o sun_n be_v on_o the_o 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