Linctus for it is assumed by little and little as it were by licking or sucking that by staying and lingering in the passage it may deerre into the breast or at least its cough-curing virtue may reach the cavities of the Breast and the grisles of the Lungs concoct Spittle and cause its exclusion which by the strength of nature may easily be done after concoction of the humour by a Vomit or Expectoration upwards Now they are not onely exhibited in a morning upon a fasting stomack but also at evening and sometimes betwixt meals to several effects and for several intentions and according to the matter intention and quality whereof the Medicaments consist for they are given to leniate deterge incrassate incide expectorate and stay blood Eclegms also according to the Antients may be made of Medicaments of any sapour yet very bitter and very sharp Medicaments we do not approve of for this use for besides that ingratefull sense they bring to the palate they exasperate the hollow artery and the jaws and greatly molest the lungs yet are souâ— ones sometimes prescribed for the attenuation of gross humours But use hath so far prevailed that in the confecture of CoughcuÃing Eclegms it is almost a Law that nothing but sweet Ingredients should make up the Compound as juice of Liccorish Pines Jujubs Sugar-candy Dragaganth and such like Electuaries mixed in Honey or some fit Syrup But if the condition of any affection preternaturally require bitter or sharp Ingredients then must they be mixed with the other Medicaments in a less quantity both that they may be more easily assumed and also that in altering the humour contained they may not hurt the part containing Quae eclegmata conveniant Asthmaticis Such Lohochs as these are for their notable faculty in inciding and opening commended to the pursy and such as breath difficultly because of gross humours in their Lungs An Eclegm should be assumed upon a stick of Liccorish a little beaten or out of some little measure and holden in the mouth till it melt of its own accord and till it slide down the mouth of the stomack or insinuate it self into the Artery subjected They are reposed in earthen vessels leaded and may be kept a whole year without impairing their virtues Yet such as in their Confecture receive Almonds or Nuts as they grow mouldy sooner so do their faculties sooner fail and decay There is to be sold in Shops a certain Electuary somewhat liquid for Glisters and it is made of one pound of the decoction of Violets Malva the herb Mercury Pelitory of the wall Beets and Wormwood with the same weight of the Pitch of Cassia and Honey despumed which being thicker than any Syrup and borrowing its colour and virtue from Cassia is called Lohoch of Cassia Lohoch cassia CHAP. XI Of Electuaries in general SUch Medicaments as externally applyed can cure any Poyson whether within the body or inflicted on the body by some bite are by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and those 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which introsumed help many grievous affections The Latins do not onely retain and confound both these names but also denote them by the name of Electuary to us for the Antients called them Antidotes the later men Electuaries Whereof according to their different consistency there be two kinds the one solid which Apothecaries make into little pieces which they call Lozenges the other more liquid made and formed into the consistency of an opiate But if according to Galen the difference of Antidotes or Electuaries be taken from their quality and vertues some are assumed because of deadly Medicaments others are prevalent against venemous beasts others are prescribed to diseases contracted by ill victualls and some are accommodated to all these uses which may not only be wholsomley introsumed but also externally applyed as Triacle Mithridate Electuaries according to their different solidity are called Dry and Tabulated Electuaria sicca ac tabulata or Liquid which have the consistency of an opiate a mean betwixt an Eclegme and Pills as all Antidotes whose powders are subactd with sape honey or wine which put to sugar righly prepared and agitated with a woodden pestell do acquire the just consistency of a solid Electuary So that wine and the same Electuary may be formed liquid or solid according to the adjection of sugar or honey with artificiall mixtion yet they can scarce be brought to a solid Consistency which admit of the extract of Cassia and the inner part of fruits The proportion of honey to powders in liquid Electuaries should be the same with sugar to them in dry and solid Electuaries which is that to one pound of honey or sugar should be mixed three ounces of Powder yet either may be increased or diminished as the power of the Antidote is requisite to be more valid or more weak for by how much more sugar or honey is added to the powders by so much is the Electuary weaker and by how much the lesse by so much the stronger In purging Lozenges one dramme of powder should be mixed with an ounce of sugar cocted in water or some juice to a consistency somewhat more solid than a syrup in Cord all Lozenges two ounces of sugar often go to one dram of powder the quantity whereof should be by so much lesser by how much the quality is stronger and the sapour more ingratefull But Physicians should define a just quantity of sugar or honey Medicorum error for while they prescribe onely according to their custome as much as will serve of either indefinitly they leave the Apothecary doubtfull in making the Electuary and they commit the sick persons safety to his judgement for he may make the strength of the Medicament more weak or more intense as he pleases and you shall scarce find two Apothecaryes who put the same proportion of sugar or honey to the same remedy when the quantity is not prescribed In the Confecture of the liquid Antidote Electuarium liquidum faciendi modus the honey is washed with a little water and boyled by little and little on a moderate fire and despumed till the water or other liquor be exhaled then it is taken off the fire and before it be absolute cold three ounces of the mixed powders are sprinkled upon the honey every pound of honey so prepared requires three ounces of Powder and then they are mixed with a woodden postell till the mixture be equall The weight of honey should not be changed because of the mixture of the pulpe of Cassia Tamarinds or Manna Dactyls and Almonds or other fruits for in confecting an Electuary of a Legitimate consistency the weight of dry powders must be answerable to the sape honey or sugar A soft Electuary should not be reposed in a box before it be thoroughly cold least its superiour part be extrinsecally incrusted in a certain Membrane it is betetr to let it be fermented and the
dry or moist the dry distillation is made in a furnace sometimes by the intervent of Coals sometimes of Sand and sometimes of hot ashes the humid is made in St. Maries Bath Now there are as many varieties of Baths and Furnaces as there are different wayes of distillation so that they can scarce be complected But now we shall briefly explicate how the most usual Oyls are elicited CHAP. 7. Oleum de Lateribus or Oyl of Bricks LEt inveterate Bricks broken into small pieces be burned on accended coals till they be red-hot then inject and dimit them into clear and old Oyl till they be filled therewith then beat them into powder and put the powder in a vitreous Cucurbite on which impose a rostrated Alembick and place it in a furnace duly structed accend the fire underneath it and keep the Oyl that flows from it The Bricks that are made of old earth should be selected as best which should be broken into crasser pieces of the weight of Ê’ vj. or â„¥ j. which after ignition must be extinguished in clear antique Oyl or Oyl of Rosemary if it may be spared and pulverated very small then injected into a vitreous Cucurbite well adapted to the furnace and bedaubed with clay that the powder may therein calefie by the fire under it and exude this Oyl which is diversly denominated for some Medicks call it rightly Oyl of Bricks others improperly Artificial Petreol in opposition to the Natural which distils spontaneously out of Rocks others by a more special Nomenclature call it The Holy Divine and Blessed Oyl The Alchymists do more arrogantly call it The Oyl of Magisteries and the Philosophers Oyl whom therefore Sylvius derides because they onely call themselves Philosophers in their daily speech and writings affirming themselves the sole Philosophers seeking that nominally which they cannot attain really This Oyl extenuates penetrates digests Vires and absumes all excrementitious matter conduces to the cold affections of the Spleen Reins Bladder Nerves Uterus and Articles it cures also the Lethargie Palsey and Epilepsie It is hot in the third degree and by so much more efficacious by how much more antique CHAP. 8. Oleum Vitrioliâ— or Oyl of Vitriol TEn or twelve pounds of Vitriol may be injected into a vitreous vessel obduced with clay and set on the fire till its phlegm be extilled then it should be taken off and brayed and purged from its phlegm which should be again iterated till no phlegm would emanate but the spirits leap out then should it be taken off the fire and its red calx taken pulverated and imposed in a crooked or rather straight Cucurbite whereunto an ample Recipient should be adapted and diligently conjoyned with clay and the Oyl distilled by a luculent fire continuing both night and day when all is cold the whole Liquor exempted and imposed in a vitreous vial first the insipid water then the acid which they call Oyl may be segregated from the sediment If this Oyl be often imbrued in its phlegm or the circulation of the spirit of wine it will be sweet for Alchymists mix an equal quantity of this and this Oyl then they digest and evoke them out of a singular Vial till the Alome being separated from the Sulphur of the Chalcantum the Oyl remain sweet Vitriol affords many several Medicinal Remedies as Spirits Oyl both acid and sweet Salt Colchotar and a certain thing the Chymists call Balsam The Spirit of Vitriol differs from its Oyl in its preparation tenuity and active vertue for it is the more subtile liquor of Vitriol or that I may speak in their own language the quintessence thereof which is made after many manners as thus The Vitriol is agitated very much with the vehement heat of the fire within its straight Vial so that that which distils upon the pulverated earth which they call Colchotar is alwayes resunded and at length by the vehemency of the fire propelled through the crooked glass and this is the most efficacious Spirit Some distil water and Oyl together out of the best Vitriol which are crasser Spirits which they purge from their dregs till they be attenuated into subtiler Spirits But they are better elicited while they are driven through a new Alembick by affunding the extillatitious liquor alwayes upon the dead head and then circulating it a whole week The common Oyl of Vitriol is educed after this vulgar manner A certain quantity of natural and good Cyprian Vitriol is taken calcinated in a vessel of Copper till it be quite red and its phlegm dissipated then it is brayed and included in a Cucurbite obduced with clay irrigated with Aqua-vitae and so left for a day then it is collocated and setled in a furnace duly structed and at first a modorate then a vehement fire accended under it that all its liquor may extil which after refrigeration is put in a small Cucurbite coarctated with a capitel and so its aqueous liquor stills in S. Maries Bath and its pure Oyl remains in the bottome of the vessel which is again put into another Cucurbite circumcinged with accended fire that it may be better and more throughly purged It s colour is more or less red or white as its efficacy and calour is more or less moderate â„¥ iij. of Oyl may be elicited out of lb j. of rubefied Vitriol All the qualities of the Oyl of Vitriol are so intense Vires that it cannot be assumed alone but mixed with some water decoction or fit conserve and though it be exceeding hot yet a few drops thereof mixed with much water become acid and both grateful and useful to the Feverish It penetrates by its tenuity carries the water to remote parts removes obstructions arceates putretude recreates the bowels and conduces much to the Pestilence Epilepsie Palsey and Strangury It doth not infect the simple decoction of Roses but the Syrupe of Violets with a purpureous and elegant acid sapour for a few drops thereof cast into an ounce of the said Syrupe will make it from violaceous purpureous CHAP. 9. Oleum Sulphuris or Oyl of Sulphur LEt a broad dish be so supposited to a suspended Campana that their brims may be distant about three fingers and let a vessel containing Sulphur which hath not yet suffered fire be put in the bottome of the dish and accended and agitated with a red-hot Iron when that is absumed let more be set on and ignited as before that out of its copious vapour erected into the Campana a concrete oleous liquor may delabe into the dish Some take an equal quantity of Sulphur and Pumice or Flint-stone brayed and putting the mixture into a crooked Cucurbite adhibit it to a moderate fire and educe most excellent Oyl thence Oyl of Sulphur is educed many more wayes for some adde Spirit of VVine to pulverated Sulphur and accend them when the water is absumed they bray the Sulphur and mix sand with it including them in a Vial and eliciting Oyl by
mitigated The five opening roots after Lotion should be steeped in vineger Quinque radicum aperientium praeparatio that they might the easier cut viscid Phlegme and sooner deduce humors by the passage dedicated to the expelling of humor Nettle-seed Urticae semen quibus conveniat steeped in the decoction of the hearb Draconth and assumed helpes any stopping at the stomach for it is exceeding good for those that are troubled with stoppages It causes the throat and other parts by which it passeth to cease to burn or itch But purging ingredients and odoriferous spices are usually infused in Wine or Water or some suitable decoction or some distilled water or in juices extracted from vegerables according to the severall ends and purposes of the Doctor that they might lose their proper qualities and transmit them into the liquor thus Rhabarb and Agarick are wont to be infused not onely that their vertue might go into the liquor but that it might have a better and more effectuall operation of the body of him that assumes it The mixture of Vinum Hypocraticum is onely the infusion of Cinamon in the best Wine Vinum Hypocraticum with the dissolution of sugar so much as will dulcorate it There is also some Ginger mixed with it by the Apothecaries that it may the better content and please the drinkers palate So also Gummi Ammoniacum Gummorum infusio Galbanum Oppoponax and Sagapenum are macerated steeped or infused in Wine or Vineger to bring down their consistences that the filth mixed therewith may be separated from them by colature before they are to be used in the compositions of Electuaries or Plaisters or for other uses So flowers of Violets Roses and Water-Lillyes Florum Insusio are infused in warme water till their vertues be transmitted and the colature dulcorated with a sufficient quantity of sugar to bring it into the consistency of a syrup CHAP. VI. Of Humectation and other differences of Infusion HUmectation Infection or Triture are wont to be reduced to infusion or Immersion And Irrigation or Inspersion to Humectation for those Medicaments that are liquored with Vineger Milk Water or other humor grow moist or are humected that they may more comodiously and conveniently be used and commixed with others Now humectation What Medicaments need humectation is absolute necessary to all forraign Medicaments which being brought to us from far Regions are hard and dry their juice being evaporated and therefore we resartiate their native humidity or cherish and defend that small relique of it that is left by a light immersion or irrigation or oftentimes by reposing and keeping them in a coole place as when we lay and preserve Cassia in a cellar Venetian Treacle in a leaden pot c. that their vertues may not so soon be exhaled Many odoriferous simples also should be moistned The humâ—ctation of odours if they are ordered to be pulverized or grinded as Amber Bezoar Musk c. least the more subtill and odoriferous parts should fly away Humectation also is very necessary for the preservation of fruits and blaunching of them from their skins and hulls As Almonds that they may be enucleated are first to be scalded in hot water Pine nutâ—s and other fruits and nutts before they can be preserved must be steeped moistned and macerated in water that their acrimony and bitterness may be abated for any fruit that hath any apparant quality of acrimony by a frequent immersion in water or other liquor doth waxe more mild Camphire Colocynth Euphorbium How to powder Camphir Colocinth Euphorbium How to powder Mastick and many others that are to be pulverized must be besprinkled with a little oyl of Almonds or such other thing before their grinding and Mastich humected with a little rose-water which causeth it sooner to be pulverized and its vertue lesse expire or its subtler part be diminished by flying away Irrigation is reduced to humectation Irrigation which is as it were a little or sparing humectation for those that must be used dry ought to be irrigated or moistned with a gentle sprinkling that they may become more usefull and their vertues more retained CHAP. VII Of Nutrition MEdicaments in a rationall sense cannot well be said to be nourished but in a Philosophicall sense they may as when a medicament is augmented by the mutuall apposition of two three or more Medicaments which acretion the vulgar Apothecaryes call Nutrition and perchance it was indued with this name because it is as apparantly altered in mixing as Nutriment in nourishing Now nutrition is not unlike to Humectation Nutrition is Cosin-german to Huniectation for in both there must necessarily be mixed some liquor or other which in Humectation is copious but in Nutrition spare for in the latter the liquor must not be powred on with that quantity that the forther requires for when it is once irrigated or sprinkled it must be presently dryed and that either by the Sun or fire and againe moystned and dryed and so irrigated three or foure times Sarcocolla nutritia as the Gum Sarcocolla which is nourished with a womans or Asses milk but if macerated with a copious quantity thereof it presently dissolves and the milk will be soure before the Gumme can be dryed Alcumists usually nourish metalls by a congruent homour to the thing nourished prepared after an occult manner either that they may the sooner be melted or dissolved or nourished and augmented And so to the making up of the crude unguent which is prepared with one part of Litharge Triapharmacon foure of oyl and five of vineger the Litharge by a continuall beating is so nourished by the foresaid oyl and vineger that it growes to the consistency of an unguent without the help of fire or addition of other hard bodyes Many roots are irrigated sometime with Wine sometimes with other liquors that they may swell As Mirabolans with milk or with any other liquor correspondent to the Physicians purpose and intent So likewise Aloes is sometimes nourished with a decoction of Aromaticks The way to wash Aloes or some other fit and convenient liquor answerable to the doctors intent but oftner with the juice of hearbs leaves or flowers as with the juice of roses red or damask of red to roborate or damaske to purge both which do augment the aforesaid qualities and sometimes in the juice of Endive to mitigate the heat of the stomach but first it should be dissolved in some of the aforesaid juices afterwards dryed then pulverized againe washed and nourished with the same proportion of juice and dried as before and this reiterated so often till the Aloes have drunk in the determinated quantity of the juice or liquor CHAP. VIII Of Maceration Infection and digestion MAceration is so neere a kin to humectation that they are often used for one and the same manner of preparation for Medicaments are infunded humected and macerated for the self
hung a little lump of Leaven in the vessells they leave it for two or three dayes and then they drink it with great pleasure to expell thirst for this drink is sharp and sweet and most pleasant to their palates others boyle six pounds of honey in fifty pound of fountain-water and scum it well and then they dissolve an ounce and an half or two ounces of Leaven or Barm and put in the Barrell leaving a certain space as about two or three fingers breadth empty Apomel is not very watry and as in strength and vertue Apomeli it is equall to vinous Hydromel so hath it the same manner of preparation as we shall shew in our shop Amongst sweet potions is reckoned Oinomel Oinomel which is made of two parts of old wine and one of honey and sometimes of six parts of swee new wine and one of honey according to Oribasius Cap. 25. lib. 5. Collect. and because honey is of thin parts and most sweet those Medicaments that admit of its Commistion do conduce most to the attenuation coction and expurgation of grosse humours CHAP. IV. Of Syrups mixed with Honey THat which the Greeks call Oxymel and the Arabians Secanjabin The Apothecaries and not improperly call a tart sweet potion for it is a sower syrup made of water and honey or sweet wine and vinegar whence the taste recerves it as soure and sweet and as it hath a mixed and various sapour so hath it mixed virtues as by reason of the honey to the vinegar as of the vinegar to 〈…〉 for vinegar hath a purging faculty and it is Gal. l 1. Acetum esse calidum frigidum simpl 〈◊〉 2. Comp Med. loc cold and hot discussive repulsive and therefore Oxymel is commodious for hot cold diseases it cuts attenuates and cleanseth grosse and slimy humours it educes spittle Oxymelitis qualitas takes away obstructions it prepares cold humours for expulsion it moderates hot humours and quenches thirst for honey is averse to cold humours vineger to their lentour and water to heat and therefore causes that the honey be longer cocted better scummed and the vertue of the Oximel Mellis optimi nota better distributed as Messue his Interpreter well observes And the honey should not onely be very good sweet and sharp pale of colour neither too thick nor too watrish nor abounding with spume but the water also being a common solace both to the whole and sick as Galen saith Cap. 27. lib. de renum dignot Aquae bonitas qui dignoscatur Medicat and most necessary to all things ought to be most pure and good and it may be tryed so to be by taste sight and smell by tast as if it be free from all qualities indued with none by sight as if it be pure sincere and exquisitely cleere by smell as if nothing can be smelled therein which is in vitious waters and the vinegar also must necessarily be very good rather white than red Acetum quodnam optimum not stillatitious nor watrish but most sharp which hath a more potent faculty in cutting and attenuating Now that Oxymel is reckoned amongst Medicines is from vineger for it is not of them accounted sweet wine betwixt which Oxymel and Apomel takes place called by Serapis Acumel But because all vineger hath not the same vertue nor all men the same delight in its taste the same proportion of honey to vineger is not generally used for some would have more of vineger others more of honey whence Serapio thinks it should be made according to his mind that drinks yet the confection described by Mesue and Oribasius is most received and approved And it is made of one part of vineger Oxymelitis praeparatio two of water and four of honey and all are boyled together to the consistency of a more liquid syrup for if it be not perfectly cocted yet because of the honey it may be preserved long enough without corruption And this is called simple Oxymel in respect of that which is more compound which besides water honey and vinegar receives many roots and fruits whereof many formes are described by Nicolaus Myrepsus and later writers CHAP. V. Of Juices mixed with Honey HOney is the Countrey-mans sugar wherewith they often condite Cherries Goosberies and Pears Apothecaryes also not for want of sugar but by the Physicians advise confect certain juices fruits and flowers with honey and make them into Conserves Galenjabin Conserva Rosarum sapes and syrups conserves as honey of Roses called by the Arabians Geneljabin and by the Greeks Rhodomel which is made of one part of the flowers of red roses bruised and three parts of honey despumed Mel passulatum Sapes as honey of grapes which confected of one pound of dry grapes clensed and macerated for a whole day in three pounds of water then boyled to the half afterwards strained and mixed with an equall quantity of honey despumed syrups as another kind of honey of roses which is made of an equall quantity of despumed honey and red rose juice the Mercuriall honey or Mel Mercuriale is also confected after the like manner and cocted to the consistency of a thicker syrup And as the consistency of these conserves of roses is various so is their description and preparation for many take the same quantity of roses purged from their white and of honey as Mesue also did but they do not as he Rhodomel boyle them on the fire but expose them to the heat of the Sun Mel Rosatum foliatum for the space of ten or twelve dayes before they repose them in their shops thus also Rhodomel prepared without colature is called by some of a later stampe Mel Rosatum foliatum and by others Conserva mellis Rosarum But that which is confected of an equall part of the juice of red roses and of honey because of its sapour and consistency is called the syrrup of the honey of roses That same is a mean betwixt both because made partly of the leaves and juice of Roses with an equall weight of honey yet the former manner of confection is more approved after which manner also other Medicinall honeys are confected of other flowers Yet is it better that these be insolated than decocted with fire Cur prastet hac insolari quà m coqui because the odour of flowers being easily dissipable perishes and their qualities do not remain integrall after cocture but they will easily endure insolation which acting with a temperate and diuturnall heat not short and fervid better mixes such Medicaments yet that honey which is made of fresh roses is used to be cocted with a slow fire that which is made of dry roses should be insolated Now what way soever honey of roses is made whether of flowers integrall or broken it ought first a little to be calefied that it may be strained and it is called Mel Rosatum Colatum As
takes not onely water but confects Juleps of juices infusions and decoctions And the vulgarity of men call all limpid dulcorate Potions Julens whether they be made of distilled waters onely or of the decoction of a few sweet simples and much water percolated clarified Julepus zizyphorum and dulcorated such as the Julep or rather Syrup of Jujubs for when it is made of a hundred great Jujubs and four pounds of water cocted to the half and one pound of sugar it acquires a more crass consistency than a Julep and therefore when it comes to be used it requires dilution in simple water cocted or in a Prisane whereas a Julep is limnid enough of it self And that same Syrup which from its frequent use there derives its name from Alexandria Syrupus Alexandrinus is improperly called a Julep since it is as much inspissiated by coction and as long kept as any Syrup Now the Julep of Roses is right made when it consists of rose-Rose-water with half as much Sugar cocted almost to the crassitude of a Syrup or little less if it be presently to be assumed as vulgar Juleps Julepus rosatus qui fiat which are made for present use of Sugar or some Syrup with thrice its quantity of water as â„ž The water of Endive â„¥ iij. Syrup of Limons â„¥ j. mingle them Thus Juleps should be of a more liquid consistency that they may be percolated but those that are longer cocted or receive onely a double quantity of Water to their Sugar as the syrup of Roses Syrupus Rosareus Rondeletii according to Rondeletius or an equal weight of both according to Sylvius are because of their crassitude scarce fluid and admit not of percolation Therefore according to the different coction and quantity of Water to the Sugar it will be a Syrup if both be equal or a Julep if three parts of Water be put to one of Sugar according to Loubertus Since Juleps are easy to make I shall onely describe one or two forms â„ž of the waters of Fumatory and Wood sorrel an â„¥ ij of Sugar â„¥ j. boyl them on a gentie fire till one ounce be consumed make it into a Julep for one dose An Hypnotical Julep to conciliate sleep may be thus made â„ž The water of Water lillyes Ê’ ij of Betony â„¥ j. Syrup of Poppyes simple â„¥ j. drink it at the hour of sleep which is at nine of the clock at night CHAP. V. Of distilled Restoratives ALL analeptical and restorative Medicaments which refocillate the habit of the body absumed by long disease or hunger which are prescribed to resartiate the vigour of the faculties weakned with languor are not onely taken from medicinal but alimental matter For whereas they conduce partly to the nutriment of the body and partly to the cure of the part affected it is manifest by reason that they should be endued with various qualities Now they are called distilled Medicaments Distillata cur dicta because they are distilled drop by drop from an Alembick into a subjected Vessel and Restoratives because they are extracted from nutritive flesh from Conserves Cordial Powders and all such things as either by their odour or substance refresh the spirits or roborate the principal parts Many disapprove of the custome of the ancients who distilled the raw flesh of Capons or Partridges purged from their bones and fatnesse together with the powders and conserves for seeing raw flesh is hardly concocted and the faculty of the powders easily and dissipable with what reason are these mixed especially seeing that the water first distilling from the crude flesh corrupts soon they seem to do better that put the flesh halfe cocted and its own juice into the Alembick with the other materialls Neither do we approve of their action Catenarum aurcarum decoctio non utilis who coct golden chains together with the flesh seeing nothing of them is dissolved nor yet extracted from them save that filth they have contracted by touching Their custome is more laudable who cast filings of Gold into coction as the Apothecaryes of Paris use to do who spare no cost that they may confect their restoratives and other compounds well This solemn and excellent distillation may be thus accomplished â„ž Of the broth of one Capon and 2. Partridge lb. ij of the waters of Buglosse Wood Sorrell and Water-Lillyes of each as much as will suffice of the Conserve of violets succory and roses of each â„¥ ij Pulveris Diamargariti frigidi Electuarii triasantali diarrhodonis Abbatis an â„¥ j. Troches of Camphor â„¥ ij filings of GoldÊ’ j. ss put them all into an Alembeck and after convenient maceration let them be distilled according to Art The description of another distillation excellent against hot and malignant feavers â„ž Of the waters of Wood sorrell Goates-beard Carduus Succory of each â„¥ iiij Cock broth lb. j. Conserve of Water-Lillyes Roses of each â„¥ j. Treacle â„¥ ss of the powder of the roots of Angelico and Termentill of eachÊ’ ij Dictamus â„¥ j. Carduus and Citron-seeds of eachÊ’ ij Sage and Orange flowers of each p. iij. put all these into a still and according to Art proceed to the distillation You may adde to a portion of this same distillation when you would use it some fit liquor as the juice of Lemmons or Orenges with a little common sugar or conserve of Roses if the sick desire it CHAP. VI. Of Decoction or Apozemes GErmany indeed that I may a little decline from the rode is happy in that it is not only a nursery of famous men but a treasure also of precious things Yet as the frugiferous tree brings forth with fragrant Apples blasted blossomes and sometimes pestiferous fruits so hath she produced a very Monster in nature I mean that Pseudomedick Paracelsus who professed the Devill the Authour of his Medicine calling his characters and words the Devils Art our syrups and decoctions mans inventions Herophilus the ancient Philosopher denoted these as also all Medicaments with more sanctity calling them the Auxiliatory hand of the Gods which being indued with divine and admirable faculties are able to cure the diseased and preserve the sound body Upon this account Heraclitus famous also amongst Philosophers was wont to call sacrifices Medicaments because they like some praepotent Physick purge the soul as medicaments do the body Cael. Rhod. cap. 2. lib. 12. The Impostor said truely when he called decoctions mans medicaments for herewith the quality of the peccant humours is tempered many pains eased the violence of the untimely guest death abated the acerbity of the symptomes mitigated and the parts reduced to their native bonity and vigour for they are made of all kinds but especially of alterative and roborative Medicaments wherein sometimes some benign purgative simples are infused in small quantity for it were absurd to call any blackish ingratefull laxative decoction wherein much Senny or half an ounce of some electuary as Catholicum or some lenitive hath
been dissolved an Apozeme for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the Greeks comes from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to fervefy Apozema quid unde dicatur or decoct and an Apozeme is onely used for the thin decoction of hearbs Now the whole matter of Apozemes is from plants of whose water juleps are made and of whose decoction Apozems and Syrups amongst which there is this difference that juleps are tenuious Apozematum materia Julepi syrupi apozemata quomodo differunt syrups crasser and Apozemes in the mean all dulcorated either with sugar or honey or both and according to their different consistency more or lesse cocted The ancients used sweet water wherein they had cocted the leaves of some plants instead of Apozemes as many now a dayes do the broath of green hearbs altered with some mixture For the vertue of hearbs is as well left in chickens broath by elixation as in simple water and these alterative broaths are both cheaper and more gratefull than Apozemes yet a sicke man may use both receiving broath made of fit hearbs by the Physicians advice from a Cook that knowes nothing further than a pan or spit and Apozemes prepared with prudence and industrious Artifice from the Apothecary not for nutriment as the broath but calefaction frigefaction humectation siccation apertion or some such mutation and therefore sometimes roots or other parts of bitter or insuave hearbs are taken purged and cocted in a sufficient quantity of water being usefull for that purpose and an Apozeme made for many or few doses according to the quantity of the decoction our of the broath percolated dulcorated with sugar or honey and if need be aromatized with Sanders or Cinamon These Apozemes are not onely made in Summer while hearbs are fresh but in Winter also when either none or onely arid ones can he had though then indeed the use of syrups is more frequent which differ from Apozemes onely in coction which should be more valid in syrups that are more crasse and durable than in Apozemes in Winter and Apozemes to Syrups in Summer whereby so that syrups are Vicegerents to Apozemes it seemes two names denote one thing but in Syrups a greater quantity of sugar is requisite to wit the weight of the whole decoction in Apozemes various as sometime the third sometimes the fourth part of sugar or honey to the weight of the decoction for it is sufficient if you put to every pound of the decoction one quadrant that is three ounces of sugar or syrup or at most a trient that is four ounces But when the sapour of the liquour is very ingratefull the weight of the sugar must be augmented and when the Apozeme is made it must be despumed and purged with the white of eggs Apozemes are variously confected according to their severall purposes An opening Apozeme as to remove obstructions thus â„ž The Roots of Asparagras Butchers Broome Saccory Liquorish Raisons stoned of each â„¥ ss of the leaves of Maidenhaire Agrimony Pimpinell Topps of Hopps Mugwort of each m. ss topps of Hysop p. ij The three Cordiall flowers of each p. j. Boyle these in lb. ij ss of water till halfe be cousumed adde to the colature Syrup of Maidenhaire or sugar â„¥ iiij fiat Apozema for foure doses Another to moderate and asswage the fervour of Choller thus â„ž Of the Roots of Succory Wood-sorrell Sorrell of each â„¥ ss Liquorish An Apozeme against choller Currands of each Ê’ iij. Endive Succory Dandilyon Wood-sorrell Fumitory Lettice Purslane of each m. j. White Roses m. ss or the three Cordiall flowers of each p. j. Boyle them in a sufficient quantity of water and in the colature dissolve Syrup of the juice of Wood-sorrell or Lemmons or Sugar of Roses â„¥ iiij aromatize it with yellow SandersÊ’ ss for foure doses CHAP. VII Of Gargarismes GAROARISMES are instituted to the diseases and affections of the Mouth Gumms Palate and throat whose faculty according to Celsus cap. 23. lib. 5. is either levative or repressive or evocative Creame or milk of Barly leviate water wherein lentills or roses or black berryes or quinces or dates have been cocted represses And Mustard Pepper or such sharpe Medicaments evoke But Gargarismes in Actuarius his judgement Cap. 6. lib. 3. Method Medend should not be confected hereof without the admixtion of some sweet things least they should too much offend the gust For when the liquor hausted to the Gurgulio is again revoked to wash the whole concavity of the mouth if it be too sharp it will with its mordacity offend the gustative organs Therefore the sharp simples whereof Gargarismes are confected are either mixed with Hydromel or simple water wherein the syrup of Stecados dry Roses or other such sweet decoction hath been dissolved in such quantity as to abate much of their acrimony or amaritude To educe flegme from the brain or jawes make a Gargarisme thus â„ž PellitoryÊ’ ij Cypress root and Turbith of eachÊ’ iij. A Oargarisâ—â—â— to purge Phlegme from the Braine Elecampane â„¥ j. Tops of Origanum Hysop and Sage of each m. j. boyle them in a pinte and half of water till a third part be consumed in the colature mixe Oximel simplex â„¥ iij. fiat Gargarisma or thus â„ž Liquorish Carthamus seed an â„¥ ss Bay berryes Stavesacre of eachÊ’ iij. Mustard seed white peper an Ê’ ij Galangal Ê’ j. staechados Betony an m. ss boyle them in Hydromel pro Gargarizatu To roborate the mouth and deterge its collutions make one thus A cleanfing Gargarismâ— â„ž The leaves of the Prune tree tops of Bryers Plantaine Jewscare red Roses an m. j. balaustians tops of Mirtles of each m. ss Barley Berberies of each â„¥ ss boyle them in two pintes of water till half be consumed to the colature add the syrup of dryed Roses of mulherryes of each â„¥ ij mingle them This following Gargarisme conduces to the cure of the French disease in the throat or other part of the mouth â„ž Of Guaicum â„¥ j. Sarsaperilla Sasafras A Gargarisme for an Ulcer in the throat of each â„¥ ss lignum LentisciÊ’ iij. boyle them in two pintes of water till a third part be consumed adding towards the end of the coction LiquorishÊ’ vi Roses Sage and Rosmary of each p. j. with the colature often wash the throat Gargarismes may be used at any time especially in the morning and betwixt meales but they should be new continually for by long keeping they corrupt and rather harme than heale the mouth CHAP. VIII Of Emulsions AS one disease may be cured by many and different Medicaments so may one Medicament cure many and different diseases as the same called by the later Medicks an emulsion which may be accomodated to many uses for it conduces much to the mitigating the griefes of the heart and lungs to the conciliating of sleep to the refrigerating of immoderate heat to the asswaging of the Urines acrimony and extinguishing the ardour of the reins They
therefore seem much to be deceived who think that emulsions serve to nothing save the cure of the virulent flux of the sperme for in many things they may be used instead of Apozems and Hordeates when they are confected of brayed seeds which refrigerate leniate move urine or conciliate sleep upon which in the time of contrition either a Ptisane or decoction of such simples as conduce to that purpose must be superfused as when purged Almonds and Artichocks with the decoction of jujubs and dry grapes are contunded for the asperity of the jawes the frigid seeds with the decoction of Lettices and of the flowers of Water-Lillyes for the heat of the bowells and the same seeds with the decoction of the roots of seeds of Althea Liquorice and Figgs for the Acrimony of urine The quantity of the decoction must be augmented or diminished according to the quantity of the seeds an emulsion should neither be absolutely crasse nor absolutely liquid but in a mean betwixt the consistency of Apozems and Syrups like the more limpid Amygdalates which in colour and sapour differ not much from emulsions but they are somewhat more crasse as Hordeates are denser than Amygdalates Syrups than Hordeates Eclegmes than Syrups and Electuaryes than Eclegmes These are the best descriptions of Emulsions for the diseases of the breast and lungs â„ž An Emulsion to allay the heat of the stomach Of sweet Almonds blanched â„¥ j. Pine kernells not rancid â„¥ ss the 4. greater Coole seeds of eachÊ’ iij. beat them in a stone morter and with a pint of the decoction made of Jujubs and Raisons conquass them together dulcorate it with â„¥ 4. of sugar for 4. doses To extinguish the ardour of the reins and abate the Acrimony of urine â„ž To allay the heat of the urine The 4. greater Coole seeds of each â„¥ ss the seeds of Lettice and white poppyes of eachÊ’ ij bruise them well in a marble morter and mix with them one pinte of water or Ptisan in the Colature dissolve syrup Nimphaea â„¥ iij. forÊ’ doses This following Emulsion conduces to the cure of the virulent flux of the sperme after other universall remedyes â„ž Water Lentills Lettice seed of eachÊ’ ij Purslain and Plantain seed of eachÊ’ j. the 4. greater Coole seeds of each â„¥ ss beat them in a stone morter powring on Barley water lb j. ss add sugar of Roses â„¥ iiij for 5. or 6. doses To be taken two houres before meales CHAP. IX Of Amygdalates ALmonds are either bitter which are solely Medicinall or sweet which are partly alimentall partly Medicamentall Of these a certain potion is confected white as milk which Physicians prescribe to feaverish and pectorall affections for though Almonds according to Paulus Aegyn lib. 7. de re Med. and Oribasius cap. 2. lib. 2. Synopseos be moderately hot or rather temperate yet being brayed and diluted in water their fervour is abated and by a certain inciding and attenuating faculty purge the breast and bowells Actuar cap. 7. de spirit animal nut now of their cremour may be made a certain sorbicle which doth both nourish and lenify the asper Artery and facilitate the projection of such humours as are contained in the breast which is thus made â„ž Of Almonds blanched â„¥ ij beat them in a stone morter and poure on lb ss of water addÊ’ vj. of sugar boyle them a little on the fire and afterwards let it be given Some adde to the mixture two or more grains others refuse How Amâ—gdalates are made it may be administred at any time especially to such as love not pottage or broath but it is most frequently given at the houre of sleep and then you may put to it a little of the seed of white Poppy or Lettice especially if it be prescribed to a sick man that cannot sleep Some bray Almonds with warme water and so by the addition of a little sugar make it up without fire and so give it But it s better to bray them with luke-warme water and afterwards elixate them after the usuall manner the quantity of sugar should be augmented or diminished as the condition of the affection requires for as sweet things are bechicall and most accommodate to the affections of the breast Lungs so by how much the Amygdalate is more obdulcorated with sugar by so much it is more convenient to them by how much its lesse obdulcorated by so much fitter for the feaverish This sweet potion is very common at Lutetia Amygdalata Lutetiâ—e usitatissima in so much that the very women make of it daily so that their Medicks never describe any receipt but bids the Apothecary make an amygdalate leaving the materialls to his arbitration A greater quantity both of sugar and Almonds must be put in the confection that 's made for such as love solids lesse of each and more of water for such as love liquids CHAP. X. Of the Antients Ptisane or Hordeate THe vulgar Ptisane is a potion made of Liquorice-water and a little barley and often without the Ancients Ptisane is a meat made of select barley decortticated with grinding and water hence Ptisana from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to grinde and decorticate Hordeati praeparatio by Galens advice cap. 2. lib. de Ptisana the barley should be fat partaker of no adventitious quality neither too new nor too old nor yet wrinckled which Barley thus selected must be macerated in water then brayed in a morter that the exteriour shell and all glumosity may be excussed then rubbed with ones hands washed and purged from the bran then dryed and kept and when use calls for it then must a part of it be cocted in twelve times as much water on a slow fire till it swell to the height depose all flatuosity Antiquorum Ptisana and become a smooth continuall equall and lubricall juice thus the Ancients at first cocted their Ptisane and exhibited it to the sick yet some of them mixed with it boyled wine or honey or cummin and others a little oil vineger and salt but we being more delicate add none of these but onely sugar and sometimes a few Almonds and as we retain not the mixture of the Ancients so neither do we keep the name calling that a hordeate which Hippocrates and Galen called a Ptisane and it s thus made at Lutetia â„ž The best Barley well purified â„¥ ij boyle it upon a gentle fire in cleere water till the barley begins to swell pour off the water and let fresh be poured on then boyle it upon a cleare fire for four or five houres afterwards straine it add to the colatureÊ’ vj. of sugar afterwards boyle it againe and so make use of it For thus your Hordeate will be more crasse and nutritive in Italy they do not boyl it after colature and it is more liquid and more greedily assumed by some patients but it nourisheth not so much and therefore is assumed not only once a day
above This Prescription is accommodate to stay both fluxes to wit of Flowers and Hemorthoides â„ž Shepherds purse Knot-grass Mouse-ear Plantain ana m. j. Roses m. ij Balaustians m. j. boyl them in Bean cod water let the vapour enter in at the genitals This will asswage and allay the dolour of the Hemorrhoides â„ž Mullein m. ij Marsh-mallows m. j. Linseed â„¥ ss boyl them in milk and whil'st they are hot put them in a stool-pan and sit upon it that the vapour may ingrede the fundament CHAP. IV. Of an Hypocaust or Sudatory AN Hypocaust is a place made like a little Fornace Hypocaustum quid wherein sweat is procured by dry heat ascending through like Spiracles from the fire set under it It is called by another name to wit Unde dicatur Laconicum Ejus usus Laconicum because the Laconians chiefly used it as the Romanes did baths It conduces much in frigid and diuturnal diseases for seeing its fervid and sharp heat doth not onely calefy the external habit of the body but the very praecordia and internals also it potently opens the passages calefies melts and by sweat educes the humours But seeing this external calour continually thus occurring and insinuating it self into the internals doth speedily project the humours it can scarce be tolerated one quarter of an hour without dissipation of the spirits and loss of strength whereupon swoundings often follow but the more delicate and such also whose bodyeâ— are loaden with impure excrements are chieâ—â—y in danger of this delinquency Quae ingressum bypocausti praecedere debent He therefore that consults his sanity should never enâ—â—â— these Sudatories till he have by purge and phlebotomy if need be exonerated his body for so the reliques of those humours that infest his body may be easily projected by sudour The Rusticks custome is irreproveable who being destitute of an Hypocaust extracted by due and artificial industry take a Hogshead of a just magnitude and calefy it either by a fire or by setting it over a pan full of burned coals or a vessel full of hot water and set therein sweating profusely and with case without any danger of swourding Some will sit in an oven where bread is but lately drawn out put their heads onely out at the mouth thereof and so sweat abundantly Chirurgions have invented a certain Aestuary of a vimineous texture like a Bird-cage wherein they excite such to sweat as are infested with the French disease which they properly call a Cage wherein the Birds do not nourish but are nourished These miserable Wretches are included herein with hot bricks and almost suffocated till they sweat abundantly in every part of their bodyes having before drunk of the Decoction of Lignum sanctum or Sarsaparilla or some other Alexitery which will both move sweat and deleate the French disease CHAP. V. Of Fomentations FOments are so commodious that no part of the body is averse to their sanative operations Aetius prescribes this Medicament to fore eyes Trallian initio lib. 6. to the ears to the flux of the belly yea he thinks them convenient to asswage any dolour Celsus cap. 12. lib. 3. admits of Foments in Feavers and thinks they should not be omitted but by all means applyed to pleuritical hepatical splenical and arthritical persons as also to the calculative or other parts affected where the ulcer hath not dissolved the continuity nor divided the integrity For Oribasius cap. 29. lib. 9. saith they rarify the skin for transpiration attenuate the blood discuss part thereof and so operate that the parts affected are not so dolorous Foments therefore are made for many purposes as thus to roborate the ventricle â„ž Wormwood both the Mints tops of Dill Roses of each m. ij A Foment roborating the stomack Penniroyal Marjorum of each m. j. Balaustians Cyperus nuts bruised of each â„¥ j. boyl them in water with a fourth part of wine added towards the end of the Coction and foment the ventricle with sponges dipped therein as hot as can be suffered Trallian prescribes many Foments to the splenetick affections which consist of such things as roborate it or as incide and digest the humours or as change and alter its intemperance This Foment after purgation doth remove obstructions and roborate it â„ž Cetrarch or Spleen-wort Roman Wormwood Staechados A Fotus for the spleen Tamaris of each m. ij Broom flowers Jasmine of each m. j. boyl them in water and wine for a good space and to every pint of the Decoction adde Oil of Capars â„¥ iij. with which foment the part affected either with sponges or bladders filled and applyed This Foment is very good to cure the Pleurisy â„ž For the Plenrisy Marsh-mallows Mâ—llows Violets of each m. ij the flowers of Mâ—lilot and Chemomile tops of Dill of each m. j. Linseed â„¥ j. boyl these either in water or milk and foment the side either with cloaths or spunges dipped therein After the foment liniate the part with some lenitive Oil as Oil of Lillyes Almonds or Violets or else with new Butter This foment for the diseased of the Stone must be applyed to the region of the reins â„ž Fotâ—â— pro calculosis Water-cresses Pelitory Beets Violets of each m. ij Fâ—nâ—greek â„¥ ij boyl them in Hydromel and foment the reins therewith CHAP. VI. Of Epithemaes SOme make no difference betwixt a Foment and an Epithema but Fernalius rightly asserts them to be different Medicaments Differentia inter fotum epithema both from their forms and their efficacy seeing a Foment endued with many qualities may be constituted many wayes and applyed to many parts But an Epithema is chiefly eximious for two qualities to wit alterative whereby it emends some distemper and roborative or alexiterial whereby it strengthens the heart and oppugns some kinde of poyson and for the most part applyed onely to the regions of the heart and liver They consist of distilled Epithematum materia cordial and alterative waters or liquid decoctions mixed with powders of fingular virtues wherein the proportion of powder is of one scruple or half a dram to every ounce of water which we mix with a little vinegar Some Alexipharmacal Confection is sometimes diluted in stead of powders as in some pestilent season or in some malignant distemper which impairs the strength of the heart and faculties of the diseased for in such a case it is most secure to mix some Antidote or Mithridate with the Epithema This Epithema doth refrigerate and roborate the liver inflamed with a Feaver â„ž An Epithema cooling the liver of the waters of Succory Endive Water-lillyes and Plantain of each â„¥ iij. Vinegar of RosesÊ’ j. Pulvis Triasant â„¥ j. ss Diarrhadon AbbatisÊ’ j. Troches of CamphorÊ’ ss fiat Epithema and with a cloth dipped in it bathe the region of the liver An Epitheme thus confected will muniate and preserve the heart and strength of the vital faculties â„ž An Epithema to comfort
Honey despumed lb iij. Vinegar of Squills lb ij boyl them in an earthen pipkin to the consistency of a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY The Medick Marcellus makes it after another manner by superadding water For he takes of Squils lb j. Fountain-water lb iiij loyl them to a pinte and half and so let it stand a whole day close covered afterwards press it out and to the expression adde as much Vinegar with lb iij. of the best Honey let it be again gently boyled to a fit consistency Mervardus also and Bern. Dissennius think it cannot be made without water to which opinion some assent who mix twice as much water with this as with the Simple Oxymel But Sylvius saith this is needless seeing the Honey is first cocted and despumed in water and the Vinegar legitimately prepared with Scilla and the Acetum is thus made one pound of the segments of Scilla trajected on a thread and dried in a shade is macerated in eight pounds of white-Wine the mixture is insolated in either a Glass-vessel or an earthen one well glazed with an angust orifice by the space of forty days in the hot Sun then it is strained and the segments being ejected and the Liquorice preserved which was of more use heretofore then now There are many and various wayes of making it but the description we have given is most usual and agrees with that which Paulus Aegineta gives of it There are also many wayes of making Oxymel Scilliticum but Democrates Julian and the rest make it more compound but these are neglected and no where made therefore omitted by us It incides crass humours Vires takes away obstructions caused by crass humours impacted on the lungs and cures the Epilepsie Vertigo Cephalalgia and Hemitrania CHAP. 3. Oxymel Compositum or Compounded Oxymel â„ž of the roots of Smallage Fennel Parsly Butchers-broom Asperagrass of each â„¥ ij the seeds of Smallage and Fenâ—el of each â„¥ j. boyl them all in lb xij of water in the clarified Colature mix of the best Honey lb iiij white-wine Vinegar lb j. coct it into a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY The compounded Oxymel is made like the simple Oxymel Stilliticum one simple and usual Vinegar is here substituted in stead of the other Praepositus makes a certain compounded aromatical Oxymel and another potently diuretical mixing with the one many Aromata's with the other Grass-Orris and Radish-roots but these may be added when use calls for it and no other composititious Oxymel kept in shops The quantity of Honey is not determined by Authors because it is sometimes to be made more acrimonious at other times sweeter But if we should define the quantity we would make it in a mean betwixt acritude and sweetness It incides Vires attenuates and absterges viscid and pituitous humours frees the liver spleen and bowels from obstructions expels the sand of the reins and bladder and moves urine CHAP. 4. Hydromel vinosum simplex or Simple vinous Hydromel â„ž of the best Honey lb x. pluvial or fluvial water lb lx boyl them together till an egge will swim at top then insolate it and preserve it The COMMENTARY If this Receipt like not any one he may take water and coct it to the absumption of its third part accurately absterging and abjecting the spume for thus the more dissipable part of the water being vanished the remnant will have a consistence like a liquid Syrupe its sapour will be sweet and the coction fit for conservation Many Medicaments mutuate their basis and appellations from Honey as Mulsam or Mede Hydromel both aqueous and vinous Oxymel and many other Medicinal Honeys of the succes of Plants as Rhodomel or Honey of Roses Honey of Violets Mercury Raisins Rosemary and Anacardium Mede consists onely of Water and Honey mixed in a different proportion and that is called dilute Mede that admits but of little Honey How to make Mede and very much water For we make Mede saith Oribasiâ—â— when we mix much water with Honey and coct them till they cease to emit spume for then the spume must be taken off But the quantity of Honey must be augmented for pituious humours both to alter the peccant humour and to conciliate a more grateful gust Oribasius was out when he thought that Mede should be made of Wine and Honey and Melicrass of Honey and Water for they are both one Though Mesue calls Melicrass Oxymel and gives two descriptions thereof the one consists of Wine and Honey the other besides these two admits of many Aromata's as Cloves Cinamome sweet-Cane Mace and the like which by some he assenting thereto is called a Condite But this kinde of Potion which consists of Wine and Honey is called Oinomel Oinomel it is sometimes confected of two parts of old Wine and one of Honey and sometimes of five parts of new Wine and one of Honey which when cold is reposed into Hogs-heads Oribasius C. 25. L. 5. Collectorum Simple and vulgar Hydromel is prepared just as Melicratum so that they differ onely in name not in substance yet Galen saith Melicratum or Mede should be made of rain-water and Hydromel of fountain-water Apomeli is made also after the like manner for according to Galen it may be made of rain or any water so it be pure and Honey expressed from the comb which must be so long cocted together till spume cease to exurge which must be taken off as soon as it emerges for so it will depose its acrimony The Ancients called it syrupe of Honey-combs Philagrius gives a better description to a better Apomelie thus Let some Combs full of the best Honey be strongly pressed betwixt ones hands and let a portion of the honey expressed be injected into four times as much pure water and let the Honey-Combs be also immerged and washed in the water that they may depose all their Honey then let the water be strained then cocted over a luculent fire and well despumed let it then be taken off and frigefie and let what-ever swims upon be abjected then boyl it again and despume it which iterate thrice and when it is at last frigefied and purged from its excrements inject this Apomeli into an Earthen or Wooden Vessel Aqueous Hydromel is scarce ever preserved in shops but presently made when use calls for it but the vinous is often confected by the Medicks advice and kept in Citizens houses as some Nectar more precious then Malmsey for it potently cocts frigid humours moves expectoration roborates the stomack hinders crudities helps concoction moves appetite discusses flatuosity mitigates cholical dolours moves urine and very much profits cold constitutions The English were wont to make a more composititious vinous Hydromel which they called Metegla Metegla which received less of Honey but more Aromata and Leaven which is thus confected â„ž of the best and most refined Honey lb x. of the clearest spring-water lb lx boyl them together till a third part be
consumed Metheaglen casting away the spume as it rises and when it begins to grow cold put it into a convenient vessel in which hang a nodule of Leaven â„¥ iij. adding Cinamon Grains Pepper Ginger Cloves bruised of eachÊ’ j. set it in a place where the sun may * * * For 40 days come then preserve it in a Wine-Cellar for future use This kind of potion is most pleasent it will often keep two years in sapour and faculties it responds to Malmsey SECT IV. Of Succes dulcorated with Honey PHarmacopolies preserve some Honeys made of the infusions of Plants or of their succes compounded with Honey which from their confistence and Honey some call Syrupes of Honey but we rather from their succes which ingrede their confecture and Honey call them Melleous succes for whether the extracted succes of Plants be adjoyned to Honey or the Plants themselves be macerated in Honey their succes are alwayes mixed with Honey whence the whole mixture is rightly called A Melleous succe CHAP. 1. Mel Rosatum Lat. Rhodomeli Graec. Geleniabin Arab. or Honey of Roses â„ž Red Roses a little dryed in the shade lb ij Honey neither too old nor too new lb vj. mingle them and boyl them upon a gentle fire in a Pipkin to a good consistence and so preserve it for future use The COMMENTARY All do not prepare honey of Roses alike but many despising the descriptions of Mesue and Nic. Praepositus one while make it with fire onely another while by insolation another while by both and sometimes by none of them but onely by maceration some inject the whole Roses into the honey others bray them first some use onely the succe others both the succe and other Roses the most usual preparation is after the manner we have tradited wherein the Roses a little dryed must be macerated in honey then elixated a little afterwards exposed to the Sun and moved every third day that they may be hot on every side Whilest they are thus made and not strained they are called Honey of Rose-leaves if they be calified and strained as they are usually before they be used they are then called Honey of strained Roses and especially that that results from brayed Roses and Honey That which is made of two parts of the succe of exungated Roses and one of Honey cocted together to the absumption of the fourth part whose spume must be diligently extracted in boyling is called The liquid distrained Honey of Roses Honey of Roses cohibits hot fluxes Vires whether assumed or applied it helps deterges and roborates the stomack CHAP. 2. Mel Violatum or Honey of Violets â„ž of the fresh flowers of Violets lb j. the best Honey lb iij. mingle them in a convenient vessel with a narrow orifice insolate it and keep it for use The COMMENTARY Some to the confection of this honey bray the Violets others mix them whole being small flowers with hot honey in an carthen glazened pot then they expose the pot to the Sun for fifteen dayes each other day agitating the mixture with a rudicle then they repose it and when use calls for it mix it with a little water elixate it a little strain it and thus they get special honey of Violets others do otherwise and in Mesue's opinion it may be made like honey of Roses well but the Violets should be a little dryed or at least deprived of all acquisititious humidity and the honey should be used neither too new nor too old Honey of Violets is commended to pectoral affections it mitigates absterges refrigerates and roborates and therefore it is usefully mixed with many Glysters and Gargarisms and adhibited to deterge Ulcers CHAP. 3. Mel Anthosatum or Honey of Rosemary â„ž of the flowers of Rosemary lb j. Honey well despumed lb iij. mingle them in a Jarre-glass and set it in the Sun which after a convenient insolation preserve for future use The COMMENTARY This of Rosemary is made like them of Violets and Roses Some commend the oldest honey but I like the honey of a middle age because it is neither too dilute nor too crass This is called Mel Anthosatum because the flowers of Rosemary are for their dignity and praecellence called Anthos or flowers And seeing Rosemary flourishes twice in a year once in the Spring and once in Autumn honey of Rosemary-flowers may also be confected twice annually at the aforesaid times when its flower is fresh and fragrant for when it is dry it is almost inodorate and useless It is cephalical and nerval Vires it is a special ingredient in Glysters prescribed to the Lethargie Apoplexy and affections of the head it corrects the parts distempered by cold with its calour and dissipates flatuosity CHAP. 4. Mel Mercuriale or Honey of Mercury â„ž of the Juyce of Mercury lb iij. the best honey lb iiij mingle them and after elixation despume them and so preserve them for use The COMMENTARY They measure not honey all in the same quantity some adding more of the succe and less of honey others on the contrary and many a like weight of both We judge the honey to be more praepotent when it is made of the succe and of leaves or flowers macerated though its quantity exceed the succes It is sometimes made onely of the decoction of the leaves but this way I cannot approve of It may be equally confected of the succe of the Male as the Female Mercury for both have affine faculties and convenient for this confection To the male Mercury they referre Dogs Colewort but this honey may not be confected thereof it should be made betwixt the middle of the Spring and end of Summer for then Plants are more succulent and their qualities more efficacious Honey of Mercury serves scarce to any other use Vires save to ingrede Glysters to make them more absterfive and purgative CHAP. 5. Mel Passulatum or Honey of Raisins â„ž of Raisins purged from the stones lb ij infuse them 24 hours in lb. vj. of hot water either fountain or pluvial afterwards boyl them till half be consumed strain it with a strong expression and to lb iij. of the aforesaid Colature adde lb ij of the best honey which boyl up to a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some have described two Receipts the one with the other without honey for it may admit of honey though its Inventor Matthaeus describes it without the intervent of honey Whether way soever it be made it is very grateful to the palate and bechical and therefore justly ingredes the composition of some Eclegms There are other Medicinal honeys as the honey of Myrtle of Squills of Anacardium and that of Myrobolambs but they being of rare or no use in Medicine are seldome made We have omitted the honey of Anacardium for many causes First because the fruits whereof it is confected are exotical and very seldome brought to us Secondly because they are indued with a deletery faculty
first beat the flowers very small afterwards the Sugar beating them well together till it becomes a soft mass The COMMENTARY The plenty of Medicinal flowers causes plenty of Conserves but Stoechados being very rare and Balm emitting patulous flowers few Conserves if any are confected of them but Sage is so frequent and endowed with so many eximious qualities that a most commendable Conserve Vires Salviae for many uses is made thereof for by a special faculty it roborates the Brain and Nerves conduces much to trembling stupour palsey and affections of the Brain That which is made of Balm gently helps the Memory That which is made of the flowers called Stoechados frees the Liver from obstructions and recreates the Brain Many Pharmacopolists it may be have more Conserves condited of flowers and many fewer and if any one be not content with these he hath liberty to make Conserves of Poeony Tamarisks Primrose and Succory Some make Conserve of Mallows flowers which much conduces to the Stone and vices in the Reins for it leniates allayes heat diduces the passages and expels sand from the Kidneys SECT VII Of Fruits and other parts of Plants Condited FRuits to be condited must not undergo triture like flowers but are condited either whole if small as Ribes and Berberries or somewhat greater as Cherries or else cut into slices as Quinces Roots also purged and sliced are condited Of all which Conditures we shall briefly dissert in this Section CHAP. 3. Cerasa condita or Condited Cherries â„ž of Cherries ripe and purged from their pedicles lb ij white Sugar lb j. boyl them first upon a clear then upon a gentle fire casting off the scum as it arises till their Juyce and the Sugar becomes a perfect Syrupe The COMMENTARY There are many kindes of Cherries whereof those onely are selected for conditure which are very red dulcoacid very succulent and inhaere upon a short pedicle as also such as are obscurely red Now that they may be rightly condited a little water must be put to them for so the Sugar will more easily liquefie and the Cherries be sooner cocted Now they are perfectly cocted when a drop of their Syrupe effunded upon a Marble diffuses not and then they should be removed from the fire and when they grow cold be reposed in idoneous vessels for preservation Condite Cherries because of their suavity and salubrity Vires are exhibited to the sick of any disease and at any time CHAP. 2. Ribes Berberis condita or Condited Ribes and Berberries â„ž of red Currans or Berberries lb j. ss Sugar lb j. boyl them according to Art with a little water till their humidity have acquired the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Of the succe of these fruits inspissated by heat we have a Sape of the same and sugar duly cocted a Syrupe also Both which are eximious in restoring sanity to the diseased as we have above hinted These same fruits are also used for Junkets and to that end integrally condited that they may be kept while winter and exhibited to the diseased to whom they are not onely pleasant but conducible They usually mix some water to their conditure but their own succe would do better in its stead for so the conditure would be more acid and sweet also if an equal weight of fruits and sugar were conjoyned CHAP. 3. Pyra condita or Condited Pears â„ž of Pears decocticated and of the whitest Sugar of each lb ij boyl them upon a gentle fire till the Pears become soft and the liquor of the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Other Pears may be so condited as those they call Rousselets and others whose flesh is solid Some stick them with Cloves that they may be more grateful to the palate for so they attain an aromatical odour and sapour with sweetness Apples having a sorter substance which by coction would be like a Pultess are not condited whole but cut into slices and artificially cocted with Sugar are made into a certain Paste which sected into morsels is studiously dryed and kept CHAP. 4. Nuces condita or Condited Nuts â„ž of Nuts both young and green n.l. purged from their outward Cortex infuse them nine or ten dayes in warm water daily changed then boyl them till they grow soft which spread one by one upon a cloth that they may dry aromatize them with Cloves and Cinamon and afterwards with an equal quantity of Sugar to the weight of the Nuts boyling them gently adding thereunto a little water to a just consistence The COMMENTARY Many care not for condite Nuts because they grow black which ingrateful colour that it may be hindred let the Nuts be first cocted then sticked with Aromata and reconded in a vessel upon which superfuse Syrupe perfectly cocted while it is hot if on the following dayes the Syrupe grow crude again coct it again and superfuse it and if yet it appear too fluid recoct it that it may acquire a legitimate consistence for so the condite Nuts will be whiter They roborate the ventricle Vires disspate flatuosity cure the cholick and help coction CHAP. 5. Pruna condita or Condited Plums â„ž of Plums not perfectly ripe of Loaf-sugar of each lb j. clear water lb ss boyl them till the liquor becomes a perfect Syrupe The COMMENTARY There is every-where great plenty and variety of Plums whereof Damascens white black red and violaceous ones are very expetible but most of all the Imperial Plums which when mature are most grateful And these also like other fruits are condited for better preservation and first they are decorticated and presently cast into water lest they should grow flave or black and then they are cocted till the syrupe of their succe mixed with sugar be of a legitimate consistence Thus may Peaches and ripe Apples be condited The Pills of Oranges and Lemmons partly because of their hardness and partly of their insuavity are once or twice macerated in warm water before conditure into which water at the first time some inject a little bundle of ashes at the second time they are cocted in simple water with an equal weight of sugar and so conserved in their syrupe perfectly cocted But for such as delight onely in dry confectures they may be thus made The Pills thus condited must be taken their syrupe wherewith they are madid either gently deterged with a cloth or lightly washed off with water The Pills thus wiped and exsiccated must be immerged in other sugar cocted to the consistence of a solid Electuary and again cocted therein a little then amoved and exsiccated in the sun Hypocauste or other hot place and then kept But this curious Art of conditing Fruits appertains rather to Confectioners then Apothecaries CHAP. 6. Citonia condita or Condited Quinces â„ž of Quinces decorticated cut in five or six parts purged from their membranes and seeds n.x. or xij of Sugar the like weight boyl them with a little water according to
part of the water of the decoction of Lillies to the Oyl which by slow coction they exhale and the Oyl thus made is most efficacious and fit to be reposed for use for by its ternal maceration insolation and expression it acquires more vertue It calefies moderately Vires resolves allayes dolours from what cause soever mitigates all acrimony and tempers all the ardours and dolours of the Breast Ventricle Reins Uterus and Bladder CHAP. 8. Oleum Nenupharinum or Oyl of Water-Lillies â„ž washed Oyl lb v. the flowers of Water-Lillies purged from their herbaceous part without their filaments within lb ij of the decoction of the same flowers lb j. and â„¥ iiij let these be reposed in a fit vessel insolated and expressed and this reiterated three times as before described The COMMENTARY This Oyl is made after the same manner with that of Violets The Oyl whether mature or immature must be first washed for Mesue gives neither definitively However the immature is more convenient and accommodate then the other in which the flowers of the white not luteous Water-Lilly must be macerated and infused for a Senate then must the whole be a little fervefied and expressed having before received one pound and three ounces of the water of the decoction of white Water-Lilly-flowers when all this is again iterated and the aqueous humidity exhaled by a slow fire the Oyl expressed is duly made and may be reposed for use But that the decoction which should be mixed therewith may be rightly taken four ounces of the flowers of white Water-Lillies must be cocted in a pound and an half of fountain-Fountain-water till three or four ounces thereof be dissipated and the colature hereof must be mixed to the maceration It refrigerates more then Oyl of Violets it conciliates sleep Vires allayes the heat of the Liver Reins and Bowels obtunds Venery hinders stiffness of the Yard and cures head-aches from a hot cause CHAP. 9. Oleum de Mentha or Oyl of Mint â„ž of Oyl lb ij ss Garden-Mint lb j. of the Juyce of the same â„¥ vij ss mingle them exhibit them to the Sun seven dayes afterwards pressed out and three times fresh Mint put in and the Oyl expressed preserved The COMMENTARY Some assume Omphacium to the confection of this Oyl that it may by its stypticity roborate the ventricle others take mature and complete Oyl that it may califie more and help concoction whence some call it Eustomachical Oyl Sative Mint should be selected crisp and green whose leaves should be tunded and macerated in Oyl and thrice changed according to the prescript Oyl of Mint calefies the cold Vires and roborates the imbecile ventricle it helps concoction stayes vomiting revokes appetite helps the nauseative stomack and discusses flatulency CHAP. 10. Oleum de Absynthio or Oyl of Wormwood â„ž of common Oyl lb v. Tops of Wormwood lb ij Juyce of the same lb j. and â„¥ iiij mingle them and macerate them as before prescribed The COMMENTARY This Oyl is of an uncertain Author and though it be described by many yet the proportion of the Wormwood to the Oyl is alwayes diverse some adding a very small quantity thereof others a very great one We following the excellent method of the Parisian Pharmacopoeans adde five parts of Oyl to two of VVormwood and a fourth part of its succe in proportion to the Oyl Some to make it more roborative would have Roses added to its confection but we think it better as described for VVormwood participates of stypticity especially the Pontian and vulgar If any would have it more astrictive he may when use calls for it mix a little Oyl of Myrtle or Roses with it It calefies and roborates Vires especially the ventricle it moves appetite cocts crude humours dissipates flatulency kills worms and takes away obstructions from a cold cause CHAP. 11. Oleum Anethinum Chamaemelinum or Oyl of Dill and Chamomile â„ž of common Oyl lb ij flowers of Chamomile or tops of Dill lb j. of the decoction of the same lb ss mingle them and insolate them for seven dayes and boyl them till the watry part be evaporated let this be repeated three or four times and afterwards kept for use The COMMENTARY As these two Oyls have the same faculties so the same manner of confection some dry the flowers of Chamomile a whole day in a place not exposed to the Sun neither defining the dosis of them nor of the Oyl Many take an equal weight of flowers and of their decoction and as much Oyl as will serve for their due maceration Some immerge onely one pound of flowers in five pounds of Oyl and insolate them about half a month in the Dog-dayes then express them and repose the expression But if the judication of the good or ill mixtion and preparation be despumed from the power or imbecility of the Medicament these Oyls will be most efficacious if confected after this description Oyl of Chamomile calefies and resolves moderately allayes dolours sprung from a cold cause and roborates the nerves The Oyl of Anethum resolves calefies discusses flatulency roborates the Nerves takes away laffitude mitigates the dolours of the articles relaxates the spiracles of the veins and helps in convulsive fits The Oyl of Rue is and ought to be made after the same manner Indeed Nic. Alexandrinus describes a more composititious one which besides the tund leaves of Rue admits of sweet Marjoram and Cumin But it is seldome made for keeping for that which Mesue gives will potently enough effect what this pollicitates It calefies attenuates digests allayes the dolours of the Uterus proceeding from a cold cause discusses flatulency and is according to Actuarius accommodate to all dolours in all parts that require calefaction The Oyl of sweet Marjoram is either simple which Mesue confects of its leaves and succe or of its decoction and Oyl or else more compound which besides these admits of Myrtle-leaves of wilde Betony Southernwood Water-Mint and ligneous Cassia but this is scarce ever made the former seldome save to the confection of Melilote and according to Mesue the former is made like Oyl of Myrtle this like Oyl of Melons or of Quinces that is the leaves and succe of sweet Marjoram are confusedly macerated insolated expressed and thrice changed in Oyl What Sampsuchus is and if it differs from Marjoram we have shewed in our Book of Simples It calefies and roborates the head and all kinde of Nerves Oyl of Jasmin should by the decree of all Medicks be kept in Pharmacopolies for it hath most efficacious faculties both in allaying dolours from a cold cause and in digesting and resolving But it is most commendable for Belly-aches which much molest children it must be confected as the complete Oyl of Roses or of VVall-flowers are made CHAP. 12. Oleum Hypericonis simplex or The simple Oyl of S. Johns-wort â„ž of the tops of S. Johns-wort not altogether ripe lb j. common Oyl lb
hole or mouth of the stomach veins womb or of the incision made by a Surgeon when he lets blood or the mouth of a wound or ulcer Orgal the lees of Wine dryed and used by Dyers to make their cloth to take the colour Organs are organical parts of the body those that are ordained to such or such a particular use different from others as the foot to tread the eye to see or the ear to hear c. Oringees the roots of Sea-holly it grows in many parts of England on the Sea-shore in great plenty preserved as they are to be had at the Comfit-makers they are excellent good for such as have Consumptions or old aged people Orthopnaea a straitness of breath by stopping of the Lights that one cannot breath but holding his neck upright Orthopneical short breathing Oscitantly carelesly negligently Os Cribosum a bone full of small holes like a sieve whence it hath its name it 's placed above the nose and by it the snot and snivel that comes out of the nose is drained from the brain Otalgia pain in the ears a violent disease both in respect of the part affected viz. the inward membrane which goeth about the cavity of the ear as also by reason of the nearness of the brain Oval the shape of an egg Oxicrate a medicine of vinegar and water mixt together Oxydorcica sharp medicines to quicken the sight Oxymel simple syrup made of vinegar and hony Oxyrrhodinum oyl of Roses and Vinegar mixt together whereof medicines are made Oxysaccharum Compositum a compound syrup of vinegar and hony OZaena a sore in the nose causing a stinking breath OZylete officinarum perfuming Candles P Papulum fodder Paerinaeum the seam which runneth like a ridge between the privities and fundament both in men and women Palm the hand Palmos Palpitatio Cordis the panting of the heart Palpebra the eye-lid Palliative Cure is when a disease is not eradicated but only mitigated or covered whereby either the pain or trouble or deformity is somewhat eased and remedied to this end were wooden legs arms fingers glass-eyes invented Panada a pap made with bread Panicles Cats tails any thing that groweth round and long Pancreas the sweet-bread serves to prop the vessels lest they should break and are instead of a pillow to the stomach Panchymagogon such purgers as are universal purging all humors Pandalea a kind of paste or massapan good for a cough Panpharmacal an universal medicine Paracousis noise in the ears which comes from a praeter-natural motion of the air which is naturally contained in the ears Paralitick sick of the Palsie Paralysis the palsie wherein the loss of sense and motion is in some parts of the body by reason of the stopping of the passages of the animal parts Paranitium barbarorum a disease bred in the fingers Paraplegia the same with Paralysis Paranomasis likenesse in name Parastatae are bodies placed without the Abdomen in the Scrotum or Cod set upon the Testicles to which they are alike in nature and use Paregoricum medicines easing pain Perforated boared through Pericardium a thin skin or film compassing the heart Peripneumonia an inflamation of the lungs or lights with a vehement fever Pericranium the skin that covers the scull the hairy scalp Perite skilful cunning Peritonaeum the rim of the belly the inner coat of the belly next the guts which when it is broke the Women say the rim of the belly is burst Peristaltick motion of the guts is a motion whereby the guts press themselves together above the excrements and so squeez them out Perperously foolishly and unskilfully Permeate pass through the pores of the body Permixtion mixing throughly Perâ—icious deadly destructive wicked Perspicuous clear and transparent as glass chrystal fair water c. Perspirable the body is said to be perspirable when the invisible pores or holes in the skin are kept open so that the vapors arising from evil humors may freely breath out Perturb to trouble Pervians thin that which may be past through full of holes like the bottom of a sieve Pessary a certain medicine made like a finger to thrust into a Womans privities with a string tyed to it Pestis the plague a deadful disease venemous contagious lothsome noysome and hateful to mankind Pestiferons that which brings the plague Petrous rocky Phagadena a running canker or pock Pharmaceutick remedies all such medicines as are made by the Apothecaries Pharmacopaeia a Dispensatory or Book wherein is set down the Composition or Receipts of Medicines for direction to the Apothecary Phigethlon is an inflamation of the parts and if it become indurable it is reckoned amongst the flegmatick tumors and by Guido termed sâ—râ—phulous Philter an amorous medicine a Potion to procure love Phifiologer a searcher of Natural Secrets Phlebotomy bloud-letting Phlegm slime watrish moisture Phlegma it is used for any distilled water which hath no spirit as Rose-water Phlegmagogon purgers of flegm Phlegmon a tumor or swelling caused by bloud Phreniae veins in the liver Phrenitis or Phrenzie an inflamation of the brain and it's membranes with a continual dotage a sharp constant fever Phthisis a kind of consumption see Culpeper 's Practise of Physick Physiognomy an art to judge of ones nature conditions by his countenance and form of body Piamater a little skin that covereth the brain Pica an unnatural longing in Women Piger Henricus an instrument for distilling so called for his exceeding slowness Pillulae Cochiae Pills which purge the head Pillulae Iliacae Pills for the Chollick or pain in the small guts Pillulae Opthalmicae Pills for the eyes Pillulae pestilentiales pills against the plague Pillulae stomachiae pills for the stomach Pituitous filthy Placenta is the proper name of a sugar-cake physically it 's used for a piece of flesh in the covering of a Child in the womb Plethorick a too full habit of body or an evil constitution of the body wherein the humors offend rather in quantity than quality Pleura a membrane taking his name from the ribs which are called pleuras because it is stretched under them all except the twelfth Pleurisie is the swelling of the membrane that goes about the ribs of the internal intercostal muscles Pleureticus one that hath the pleurisie Plexus Choroides hath his situation in the forward ventricles betwixt them and the arch they are termed coroeide plegmata because they are like the chorion or membrane which compasseth the infant Plumbum philosophorum the Philosophers head a mysterious preparation Pluvial water rain water Podagra the Gout in the feet Podagrical dolor the same with podagra Podex the arse-hole Pollicitates promises assures warrants Polychrestum a medicine of frequent use Polypus a certain imposthume in the nose Polypodium a kind of herb like fern growing much at the roots of Oaks the root thereof is used to purge melancholy gross phlegmatick humors Poma odorata Apples to smell to to prevent the plague Pomada or pomata a sweet smelling salve
Pyony-roots condited 546. Antidotum Asyncritum 620. Venice-Treacle 626. Troches of Squills 632. Oyl of Vitriol 679. Oyl of Sulphur 681. Treacle-water 733. Claret 734. Electuary of Senna 564. Hiera Picra with Agarick 568. Hiera Pachii Ibid. Hiera Diacolocynthidos 569. Troch Alhandal 575. Pills of Nitre 589. species Dianthos The Apoplexie To cure the Apoplexie use the Glyster in page 184. Sacculus 210. Coloquintida 266. Pellitory 291. Honey of Rosemary 531. syrup of Rosemary Ibid. treacle-Treacle-water 733. Claret 734. Hiera Diacolocynthidos 569. The Palsy These corect and cure the Palsy China-root 289. Pellitory 291. the decoct of the root of Enula-campane-drink 397. Bittumen 403. syrup of Staechados 520. fyrup of Rosemary 531. conserve of Balm and Sage 539. Oyl of Vitriol 679. Mesue's Balsam 686. Hollerius Balsam Ibid. the Balsam of the Florentine Physitians 687. Doctor Evonimus his Balsam Ibid. the strange and admirable Balsam 688. Unguentum Martiatum 706. Treacle-water 733. Claret 734. Hiers Diacolocynthidos 569. Pills of Nitre 589. Oyl of Castoreum 665. Cramp or Convulsion These cure a Convulsion Horehound 318. St. Johns-wort 327. Mother-wort 332. Rhapontick 335. Rosemary 340. Castoreum 450. Hollerius Balsam 686. vulnerary Balsam 687. the Florentine Balsam Ibid Unguentum Aragon 705. Ungue Martiatum 706. Oyl of Dill 954 oyl of Orris 649. oyl of Castoreum 665. oyl of Walflowers 649. Melancholy To drive away Melancholy use Wine 220. Bugloss-flowers 228. Borage-flowers Ibid. Basil 313. Staechados 320. Granate 415. Sardis Ibid. Hyacinth Ibid. Topaz 416. the Azur-stone 417. Gold 426. Bezoar stone 457. Kings Sabor's syrup 516. conserve of Bugloss conserve of Borage 457. Confectio-Alkermes 615. Confection of Hyacinth 656. Antid Asyncritum 620. Confect Hamech 562. Elect. of Senna 564. Hiera Diacolocynth 569. Elect. of Gemms 600. species Diacin 606. A Catarrh These following stay a Catarrh as that Lohoc in 165. another against sharp and eroding Ulcers Ibid. a powder for Suffumigation 214. Hyssop 329. Bole-armeniack 396. syrup of red Poppies 503. syrup of Mirtles 516. syrup of Licorish 520. syrup of Jujubees 421. conserve of Roses 106. Coltsfoot-Leaves preserved 544. Pills of Agarick 582. Troches of Camphur 635. Oyl of Roses 651. Oyl of unripe olives 119. Pill de Cynoglosso 592. For weakness of sight These quicken the eye-sight the water of Community 736. Fennel 239. Avens 361. Thyme 310. juyce of Fumatory 334. Eyebright Ibid. the juyce of the lesser Centory illited with Honey 335. the Azure-stone 417. Aqua-Ophthalmica 736. the water of Community Ibid. Pil. sine quibus 581. Pil. Aureae Ibid. The redness of the Eyes These take away the redness of the Eyes Unguentum Citrinum 707. Aqua ad Epiphoram 736. For the pain of the Eyes These allay any pain in the Eyes the water of Nightshade 345. Antidotum Asyncritum 620. Unguentum Ophthalmicum 696. Hiera Pachii 568. Troches Albi Rhasis 643. For Ulcers in the Eyes For Ulcers in the Eyes these things are convenient Cadmia washed 53. Collyrium ad scabiem Palpebrarum 196. Tragaganth 396. Sarcocolla 403. Pompholix 436. the water of Community 736. Aqua ad Epiphorum Ibid. For pain and tinkling of the Ears To cure the pain of the Ears drop in some juyce of Clivers 361. juyce of Melilot 363. Goose-grease 446. Capons grease 447. Foxes grease 449. the Balsam of the Florentine Physicians 587. Hiera Pachii 568. Pil. sine quibus 581. oyl of Orris 649. To stench bloud at the Nose Hemorrhoid-veins or other parts To stop bloud use that Errhine in 179. Comfrey 350. Myrtle-berries 367. Quince rosted 374. Sorb-apples 375. Mastich 384. Hypocistis 391. of Bole-armeniack 396. Amber 406. Coral Ibid. Sardis 415. Topaz Ibid. Gypsum 422. syrup of Quinces 515. syrup of Myrtles 417. Troches of Amber 637. The filth of the Nose Oyl of Orris takes away the filth of the Nostrils 649. Ozena a disease or sore in the Nose causing a stench To take away Ozena use Troches Hedichroi subacted with old wine 631. To fasten Teeth These fasten Teeth Purslaine 242. Elecampane eaten 297. Dentifrices of Mastick-wood 384. For the Tooth-ach These mitigate and take away the paine of the Teeth Pellitory of Spain 291. syrup of Mulberries compound 512. Antidotum Asyncritum 620. Oyl of Sulphur both whitens and takes away their paine 681. Oyl of Cloves 683. Trochisci Narcotici Fernelii 643. Oyl of Mirtle-berries 657. For Ulcers in the mouth To cure Ulcers in the mouth use Purslaine 242. Bole-Armeniack 396. and syrup of Mulberries compound 512 513. For the filthiness of the Mouth and stench of breath To sweeten the breath use Annise 244. Cloves 280. Indian-Leafe 285. Orange-peel candid 343. Mastich eaten 384. Myrrhe chawed in the mouth 387. Confectio de Hyacintho 656. species Diarrhodon Abatis 603. For chopped Lips To cure chopped Lips anoint them with Capon-grease For the vices of the Breast and Lungs These do mitigate and take them away the Emulsion in 162. the Lohoc 165. the regal Electuary 170. the regal Paste 170. Sugar 223. Manna 229. true Maiden-hair 233. Salvia vita 236. Smallage 237. Senna 257. syrup of Licorish 520. Peniroyal 312. Hore-hound 318. red Colewort 358. the juyce of the root of Cinqfoile 361. Scabiose 362. Catsfoot 363. Figgs 383. Dates 381. Chesnuts 386. Pistaches Ibid. Juniper-berries 391. Milk 448. syrup of Violets 498. syrup of Cats-foot 501. syrup of Maiden-hair 504. syrupus Regius 519. Honey of Violets 531. conserve of Violets 536. Eclegme of Pine kernels 552. Lenitive Electuary 555. Diapenidion 613. Penidees 614. Diaprunum simplex 557. Oyl of Violets 648. For an Astbma and Cough To cure a Cough use Nettle-seed 295. those Eclegms prescribed in 165. Sugar 223. Manna 226. common Maidenhair 234. Mechâ—achan-root 258. Coloquintida 266. Nettle 295. Enulacampane-root candid 548. the Decoction of the root drunk 297. Liquorish 304. Origanum 313. Calamint 315. Birthwort 324. Gith 328. Hyssop 329. Honeysuckleâ— 338. Coltsfoot 359. the seed of the Cotton-tree 36â— Sebestens 380. Jujubees 390. Pine-nuts 388. Gum Thraganth 396. Mastich 384. Storax 386. Sulphur 304. Amber 406. Syrup of Coltsfoot 499. syrup of Poppies simple 502. syrup of red Poppies 503. syrup of Liquorish 520 syrup of Jujubees 521. syrup of Hyssop 522. conserve of Bugloss 537. Coltsfoot-leaves condited 544. Lohoc of Squills 549. lohoc of Pine-kernels 552. lohoc sanum 551. Diapenidion 513. confectio de Rebecha 614 Penidees Ibid. Antidotum Asyncritum 620. Venice-Treacle 626. oyl of Sulphur 681. oyl of Turpentine 682. Claret 734. Hiera Puchii 568. Hiera Diacolocynthidos 569. Troches Alhandal 575. Pills of Agarick 582. pills of Hounds-tongue 592. pil Bechicae nigrae 596. Bechicae albae 597. Diamarg frig 599. Pulvis Dianisi 605. Diacalaminthes 607. For the Pleurisie To cure a Pleurisie use the Fomentation 190. the Litus 193. Cardâ—â—s Benedictus 331. Petroseline of Macedonia 337. syrup of Violets 498. syrup of red Poppies 503. syrup of Jujubees 521. Lenitive Electuary 555. Diapenidion 513. confectio de Reâ—echa 614. Antidotum Asyncritum 620. oyl of Violets 648. For the Pthysick These
cure the Pthysick Lettice 421. the seed of the Cotton-tree 362. Pistaches 386. Pine-kernels 388. Milk 448. Decoctum Testitudum 162. syrupus Resumptivus 523. Lohoc of Foxes lungs 550. Antidotus Analeptica 619. Venice-Treacle 626. treacle-Treacle-water 732. Diamarg frig 599. species Diatrionsantaion 602. For Swounding These recover swounded persons Bezoar-stone 457. syrup of Apples simple 515. confection of Alkermes 615. confection of the Hyacinth 656. Antidotus Analeptica 619. Venice-Treacle 626. treacle-Treacle-water 732. Diamarg frig 599. Electuary of Gems 600. pulvis Dianthos 605. For the palpitation of the Heart These cure the palpitation of the heart Doronâ—cum 330. Ambergrife 405. Silver 427. Mosch 450. Bezoar-stone 457. syrup of the juyce of Bugloss and Borage 510. syrup of Apples simple 515. conserve of â—ugloss 537. conserve of Rosemary-flowers 539. confection of Alkermes 615. consection of Hyacinth 656. Venice-treacle 626. Treacle-water 732. electuary of Gems 600. For weakness and 〈◊〉 of the heart Those Opiates comfort the heart prescriâ—ed in 168. that Condice in 169. cordial Tablets 174. powder in 175. Epithema in 190. Sacculus 210. the powder for suffumigation 214. Borage-flowers 228. Roses 284. Saffron 251. Myrabolens 255. Zerumbet 272. Costus 274. Cinamon 276. Kermes 283. Lignum-aloes 286. Saunders 287. Angelico 298. Woodsorrel 353. Gitrons 372. Oranges 373. juyce of Pomegranates Ibid. Benzoin 381. Storax 386. Ambergrise 405 Coral 406. Ruby 414. Granate 415. Hyacinth Ibid. Silver 427. Mosch 450. syrup of the juyce of Woodsorrel 510. syrup of Grapes 513. syrup of Lemons and Pomegranates 501. syrupus Regius 519. Rob Ribes 533. conserve of Bugloss 537. conserve of Borage 538. Enulacampane condited 548. antidotus Analeptica 619. oyl of Cloves 683. Claret 734. common Claret 735. Electuary of Citron solutive 573. troches of Gallia Moschatae 634. troches of Aliptae Moschatae Ibid. species Diambrae 601. Diamoschum Ibid. Aromaticum Rosatum 603. Pulvis laetificans 604. Diacynamomum 606. To increase native heat Calamus Aromaticus 273. Cardamomes 280. syrup of five roots 505. antidotum Asyncritum 620. Venice-treacle 626. Electuary of Senna 564. troch Hysterici 641. For the Plague Against the Plagne drink of the decoction of the roots of Enula-campane 290. Angelica 297. Gentian 300. Tormentil 301. Dittany 319. Scordium 322. Leopards bane 330. Carduus benedictus 331. Lemnian earth 396. Hyacinth 415. Unicorns horn 456. Bezoar-stone 457. Enulacampane-roots condited 548. Solomons Opiate 622. Electuary of an Egge Ibid. Mithridate 624. oyl of Vitriol 679. oyl of Sulphur 681. Emplastrum Diapalma very good for pestilent tumors 722. treacle-Treacle-water 732. Pil. Ruffi 578. troches Alexiterii 641. powder against the Plague 608. To cause Sweat To provoke Sweat take Tormentil 301. Carduus 331. syrup of Apples simple 515. Treacle-water 732. Mithridate 624. Venice-Treacle 626. troches of Vipers 630. To resist Poyson These resist Poyson Wine 219. Marshmallows 229. Fennel 239. Cummin 245. Caraway 246. Amomum 247. Zerumbet 271. Setwel 272. Rocket-seed 294. Nettle-seed 295. decoction of Elecampane-root drunk 297. Angelico 298. Tormentil 301. Dittany 319. the root and seed of Lovage 299. Gentian 300. Mother of Thyme 310. Peniroyal 312. Polium Ibid. Balm 317. Horehound 318. Betony Ibid. Dittany 319. Scordium 322. Birthwort 324. Ground-pine 326. Leopards bane 330. Carduus 331. Valerian 333. Rhaponticum 335. Agnus castus 340. Ash-leaves 341. Bistort 559. Citrons 372. Oranges Ibid. Juniper-berries 391. Galbanum 401. Storax 386. Ruby 414. Saphire 413. Castoreum 450. Unicorns horn 456. Bezoar stone 457. the reins of Stincus 467. syrup of Grapes 513. conserve of Betony 539. Enulacampane-roots candid 548. confection of the Hyacinth 656. the Opiate of Solomon 621. Mithridate 624. Venice-Treacle 626. Troches of Vipers 630. Troches of Squills 632. Treacle-water 732 oyl of Scorpions 665. For the weakness of the Stomach To corroborate the stomach use Alces 256. Nutmegs 278. Mastich 384. Mint 314. the condite against Vomiting in 169. the opiate in 168. the foment 189. the plaister 725. Wine 219. Anise 244. Caraway 246. Myrobolans 255. Ginger 270. Galangal 271. Cardamomes 280. Cubebs 281. the roots and seeds of Lovage 299. Gentian 300. Peniroyal 312. Mint 314. Wormwood 316. Rhaponâ—cum 335. strawberry-Strawberry-water 360. juyce of Pomegranates 373. rosted Quince 374. Dates 382. Olives 383. Juniper-berries 391. Mastich 384. syrup of the juyce of Woodsorrel allays the heat thereof 510. syrup of Grapes works the same effect 513. syrup of Quinces 515. syrup of Myrtles 516. syrupus Regius 516. syrup of Wormwood 519. vinous Hydromel 528. Honey of Roses 536. Rob of Quinces 515. conserve of Betony 539. Enulacampane-roots candid 548. Rosata novella 617. antidotum Asyncritum 620. Venice-Treacle 626. oyl of Mace 663. oyl of Aniseed 683. stomachical Cerate 712. plaister of Bayberries 720. Stomach-plaister 725. Plaister of Mastich Ibid. Claret 451. Diaphoenicon 555. Hiera picra simplex 567. Hiera picra with Agarick 568. Hiera pachii Ibid Hiera Diacolocynthidos 569. Electuary of Citron solutive 573 Pil. Stomachicae 577. Pil. Mastichinae 589. Pills of three solutives 579. Pil. aggregativae 585. Pil. Asaiareth 587. Pil. de aromatibus Ibid. Troch Galliae Moschatae 634. Troch Aliptae Moschatae 635. Troch Diarrhodon 636. Troch de Antispodio corrects the inflammation of the stomach 637. Troch of Berberries 638. oyl of Wormwood 654. oyl of Roses 651. ol Omphacium 119. oyl of Mints 653. Electuary of Gems 600. species of the three Saunders 602. Aromaticum Rosatum 603. Diarrhodon Abbatis Ibid. pulvâ—s Laetincans 604. species Diacalaminthos 607. oyl of Myrtles 657. oyl of Quinces 658. oyl of Mastich 660. Against Texing or Hickup To stay the Hickup take Ceterach 235. Birthwort 324. Dill 336 Honey-suckle 338. antidotum Asyncritum 620. Philonum Romanum 621. To stay Vomiting To stop a daily Vomiting make use of Quinces 374. Sorb-apples 375. Barberries 380. syrup of Grapes 513. syrup of Pomegranates 514. syrup of dryed Roses 508. Rob Ribes 533. Rob de Cornis 535. Rosata novella 617. antidotum Asyncritum 620. opiate of Solomon 622. plaister of Mastich 725. oyl of Mint 613. aromaticum Rosatum 603. oyl of Quinces 658. Obstruction of the Mesentery Salvia vita 236. syrup of Peach-flowers 500. syrupus Byzantiuâ— 512. Diacassia 554. Hiera picra Galeni 567. Hiera picra with Agarick 568. Electuary of Meadow-Saffron 571. Pil. of three Solutives 579. Pil. Imperiales 580. species of the three Saunders 602. To allay any Vehement heat in the Liver To asswage the heat of the Liver take Epithimus 237. Oxysaccarum 511. syrup of Endive 518. Lettice stalkes condited 545. Oyntment of Roses 690. Cerate of Saunders 711. Electuary of Eleabane 560. Troches of Camphur 635. Troches of burnt Ivory 637. Troches of Berberries 638. Oyl of water-Lilies 653. For the obstruction and paine of the Liver These remove the obstructions of the Liver true Maiden-hair 233. Salvia vita 236. Dodder and Epithimum 287. Asparagrass 239 Ladies-rose 247. Myrabolens 255. Saunders 287. Grass-roots 363. Asarabacca 325. the lesser Centory 335. Rhapontick Ibid. Meum 336. Broom 339. Ash 341. Liver-wort 356.
337. Honey-suckle 338. winter-cherries 349. decoction of Primrose 357. the seed of the Cotton-Tree 362. both Cicers 365. the stones or kernels of Medlars 375. pistaches 386. Amoniacum 396. Turpentine 379. Bdellium 388. Lapis Spongiae 423. syrup of Maiden-hair 504. syrup of the five opening-roots 505. syrup of Marsh-Mallows 506. syrup of Hyssop 522. Oxymel compound 527. Diasatyrion 618. Antidotum Asyncritum 620. Philonum Romanum 621. Venice-Treacle 626. Oyl of Turpentine 682. the Balsam of the Florentine Medicks 687. Plaister of Bayberries 720. Claret 734. Diaprunum simplex 557. Diaprunum compound 558. Benedicta Laxativa 561. Oyl of Scorpions 665. Gonorrhaea The Gonorrhaea or Flux of Sperm is cured by that Emulsion prescribed in 162. Lettice 241. water-Lilies 249. Amber 406. Coral Ibid. Aqua ad Gonorrhaeam 735. Troch ad Gonorrhaeam 642. To stir up Lust and excite to Venery To provoke to Venery use Sparrows brain 66. Secacul 276. Cloves 280. Cubebs 281. Rocket-seed 294. Nettle 295. Eringo-root 303. Seabulb 306. Dogs-stones or Satyrium Ibid. Leeks 307. Clary-seed drunk in Wine 321. Ash 341. both Cicers 365. Pistaches 386. Pine-Nuts 388. the reines of Land-Crocodiles called Scinci 467. Eringo-roots condited 546. Satyrion roots condited 547. Diasatyrion 618. Oyl of Pismires 667. To allay the heat of Lust Use water-Lilies 249. Rue 322. Agnus Castus 340. Smaragd 412. syrup of water-Lilies 504. Oyl of water-Lilies 653. Ruptures These cure Ruptures the Cauterie prescribed in 206. Horehound 318. Rhapontick 335. Comfrey 350. Cats-foot 363. Bdellium 388. Gypsum 422. Emp. contra Herniam 726. To stop the Hemorrhoids Use that Vaporary mentioned 187. Aloes 256. the Leaves of the Figg-Tree 381. To provoke the Hemorrhoids or to open them The Vaporary in 188. Sumach 367. Quince 374. the Cornel-Tree 276. syrup of Quinces 515. To bring down the Terms That Vaporary mentioned in 188. that Suffumigation 215. common Maiden-hair 234. Salvia vita 236. Smallage 237. Parsly 238. Asparagrass 239. Fennel Ibid. Ruscus 240. Caraway 246. Bishopweed Ibid. Ladies-Rose 247. Carret-seed 248. Aloes 256. Calamus Aromaticus 273. Cinamon 276. Squinant 284. China-root 289. Treacle-Mustard-seed 393. Nettle-seed 295. Orris 296. Elecampane 297. Cyperus-root Ibid. Angelico 298. the root and seed of Lovage 299. the seed of rest-Harrow 302. Madder-root Ibid. Eringo-root 303. Sowe-bread 304. two drachms of the seeds of Wall-flowers given in Wine 309. Thyme 310. Mother of Thyme Ibid. Marjoran 311. Peniroyal 312. Polium Ibid. Origanum 313. Calamint 315. Mugwort 317. Balm Ibid. Horehound 318. Dittany 319. Sage 321. Birthwort 324. Asarabacca 325. Ground-pine 326. Germander ibid. Featherfew 326. St. Johns-wort 327. Gith 328. Valerian 333. juyce of the lesser Centory 535. Spignel 336. Savine 339. white-Willow 340. both Cicers 365. Amoniacum 396. Sagapenum 401. Galbanum Ibid. Storax 386. Myrrhe 387. Bdellium 388. Elaterium 390. Castoreum 450. syrup of the five opening-roots 505. syrupus Byzantinus 412. syrup of Hyssop 522. syrup of Mugwort Ibid. conserve of Borage 538. Venice-Treacle 626. cinamon-Cinamon-water 734. Claret Ibid. Hiera Pachii 568. Troches of Myrrhe 640. Troch Histerici 041. species Diacalaminthes 607. To stop the Immoderate Fluor of the Terms The Vaporary in 187. Sumach 187 roasted-Quince 374. the Cornel-Tree 376. Coral 406. syrup of Quinces 515. For the Whites To stop the Whites use the Vaporary mentioned in 187. Amber 406. Coral Ibid. The Suffocation of the Womb. Mustard-seed 291. the root and seed of Lovage 299. Marjoran 311. Assafoetida 399. Sagapenum 401. Bitumen 403. Civet 451 Bezoar-stone 457. syrup of Mugwort 522. Emp. pro Matrice 726. Elect. Sennatum 564. Oyl of Rue 653. species Diambrae 601. species Diamosch 601. For the falling down of the Womb and the Intestinum Rectum Unguentum Stipticum 694. Emp. pro Matrice 726. ad Herniam 726. To increase Milk in the Brests Fennel 239. Dill 336. both Cicers 365. Pine-Nuts 388. For the Gout and other affections of the joynts Hermodacts 262. Turbith 263. Coloquintida 266. China-root 289. Sage 321. Birthwort 324. Asarabacca 325. Peniroyal 312. Poplar 346. Fenugreek with Oxymel made into a pultis 398. Ducks grease 446. Oyl of Foxes 666. Oyl of Honey 681. the Balsam of the Florentine Medicks 687. Unguentum Aragon 705. Unguentum Martiatum 706. Emplastrum Oxicroceum 718. Benedicta Laxativa 561. Hiera Picra Gal. 567. Hiera Pachii 568. Troches of Alhandal 575. Pil. of Hermodactyls 584. Pills of Nitre 589. Oyl of Chamomile and Dill 654. Oyl of St. Johns-wort 659. Oyl of Wall-flowers 649. Pil. Foetidae 590. Oyl of Wormes 664. Oyl of Foxes 666. For the cure of the Feavers Saunders 287. Rhapontick 335. Cherries 378. red Currans 386. syrup of Violets 468. syrup of water-Lilies 504. syrup of Succory compound 507. syrup of Endive 508. syrup of Fumatory Ibid. syrup of Wood-sorrel 510. syrupus Byzantinus 512. syrup of Berberries 513. syrup of Lemons and Pomgranates 501. conserve of water-Lilies 538. Populeon 691. Diacatholicon 557. Diaprunum simple Ibid. compound 558. Diaphaenicum 555. Electuary of Flea-bane 560. Triphera Solutiva 563. Electuarium Sennatum 564. Electuarium Diacarthamum 571. Electuary of Citron-Solutive 573. Pil. of Egrimony 580. Pil. Agregativae 585. Troch de Antispodio 637. Troch of Berberries 638. Trochisci Narcotici Fernel 643. A quartane Feaver Black Hellebore 265. Venice-Treacle 626. Unguentum Aragon 705. Pil. de Lapide Lazuli 586. To cause sleep The Julep in fol. 167. that Lotion for the feet in 191. the Frontal in 199. Wine 217. Lettice 241. water-Lilies 249. Saffron 251. Oyl of Mandrake 344. Night-shade 345. Poppy 348. syrup of Poppies simple 502. syrup of red Poppies 503. syrup of water-Lilies 504. conserve of water-Lilies 538. Antidotum Asyncritum 620. Philonum Romanum 624. Oyntment of Roses 690. Unguentum Populeon 691. Troch Narcotici 643. Oyl of water-Lilies 653. Pil. de Cinoglosso 592. Immoderate thirst To Extinguish thirst use Lettice 241. ripe Mulberries 379. Sebestens 380. red Curâ—ans 386. syrup of VIolets 498. syrup of water-Lilies 538. syrup of Berberries 513. conserve of Violets 536. conserve of water-Lilies 538. Lettice stalkes preserved 545. Troches of burnt Ivory 637. Troches of Berberries 638. For an Inflammation Marsh-Mallowes 229. Pellitory 231. Lettice 241. Coriander 337. Night-shade 345. Houseleeke 351. Plantaine 352. Knotgrass Ibid. Melilot Line 363 364. unripe Mulberries 379. wild Mulberries 380. Oyntment of Roses 690. Ung. de Bolo 693. the cooling Cerate of Galen 711. the Cerate of Saunders Ibid. Emp. de Cerussa 724. Troch Narcotici Fernelii 643. Oyl of Violets 648. Oyl of Mandrakes 656. For unnatural Tumors To take away preternatural Tumors Cummin 245. Misselto of the Oak 342. Amoniacum 396. Bdellium 388. Ceratum Oesypatum 713. Diachylon simplex 716. Diachylon Magnum Ibid. Diachylon Magnum cum Gummis 716. Diachylon compositum 717. Melilot 363. Oyl of Orris 649. Oyl of Mastich 660. To asswage any pain Oyl of Mandrake 656. the Liniment in 193. the Cataplasm 200. Gum Elemni 383. Unguentum Resumptivum 697. Ceratum Oesypatum 713. Emplastrum Divinum 723. Troch Narcotici Fer. 643.
Oyl of Chamomile and Dill 654. Oyl of Rue 655. Oyl of St. Johns-wort 656. Oyl of Violets 648. Oyl of Lilies 652. Oyl of water-Lilies 653. Oyl of Mandrake-Apples 656. To take away all vices of the Skin and to beautify the same That Bath mentioned in 186. the Lotion 191. Virgins-Milk 197. Lily-root 250. Rocket-seed 294. Madder-root sprinkled with Vinegar 302. Sowe-bread 304. Honey-suckle 338. strawberry-Strawberry-water 260. the Oyl of Cotten-seed 362. Oyl of Linseed 364. decoction of Lupines 366. Oyl of Bayberries 390. Galbanum 401. Gum of Ivy 403. Pitch 388. Sulphur 404. syrup of Fumacory 508. Oyl of Sulphur 681. Unguentum Album 691. Unguentum Eâ—ulatum cum Mercurio 701. Ung. Citrinum 707. Ceraâ—um Refrigerans 711. plaister of Cerus 724. Aqua Fucatoriae 737. Confectio-Hamech 562. Pil. de Fumaria 586. Pil. Foetidae 590. Oyl of Vipers 665. To take away Scabs Knotgrass 349. Scabious 362. decoction of Lupines 366. Oyl of Bayberries 390. Alome 401. Unguentum Album 691. Unguentum ad Pruritum 696. Ung. Enulatum cum Mercurio 701. Ung. Egyptiacum 704. Pil. de Fumaria 586. For the French Pox. It may be cured by the Fumigation 214. Radix Mechoach 258. Sassafras 287. Guaiacum 288. Sarsaperilla 289. China Ibid. the Neapolitan Opiate 628. plaister of Froggs 730. Electuarium Sennaâ—um 564. Pills of Quicksilver 591. To cause hair to grow and to prevent it from falling off The true Maiden-hair 233. the common Maiden-hair 234. Ladanum 391. Oyl of Honey 681. Oyl of Mirtles 657. For the Canker Powder of burnt Crafish 12 68. Lead 428. Pompholyx 436. Ung. DIapompholygos 695. Confection of Hamech 562. Pil. de Lapide Lazuli 586. For the Leprosy Black-Hellebore 265. Confectio-Hamech 562. El. Sennatum 564. Pil. de Lapide-Lazuli 586. Pil. Foetidae 590. For St. Anthonies fire Houseleeke 351. Plantaine 352. Knotgrass 349. Unguentum Rosatum 690. Ung. de Bolo 673. Galens cooling Gerate 711. Troch Narcotici Fer. 643. ol Omphacinum 119. For burnings Leekes 307. Tutsan 315. the lesser Centory 335. Ung. Album 691. plaister of Ceruss 724. For Tetters and Ring-wormes To cure Tetters take Houseleeke 351. Plantaine 352. the juyce of Knotgrass mixed with the white of an Egge Ibid. Oyntment of Roses 690. For wounds To cure wounds make use of that powder in 107. Aloes 256. Kermes 283. Rocket-seed 294. Polium 312. St. Johns-wort 327. Tutsan 328. Comfrey 350. Milfoile 361. Dragons-blood 398. Assafoetida 399. Turpentine 379. Sarcocolla 403. Comfrey-roots condited 547. Oyl of Honey 681. Oyl of Turpentine 682. Oyl of Cloyes 683. Balsam Vuâ—nesary 687. Baâ—am D. Evonym Ibid. 〈◊〉 Mirabile 688. Ung. Rubrum Desiccativum 694. Ung. Apostolorum 703. Emp. De Janua 719. Emp. de Gratia Dei 722. tela Galteri 727. For Ulcers Cypress-roots 297. Tutsan 328. Goats-beard 329. decoction of Lupines 366. Milfoil 562. Sarcocolla 403. Borax 399. Vitriol Ibid. Alome 400. Lead 428. Brass 429. Verdigrease Ibid. Cerus 432. Cadmia 433. Pompholyx 436. Litharge 437. syrup of dried Roseâ— 518. Honey of Violets 531. Oyl of Sulphur 681. Oyl of Cloves 683. common Balsam 688. white Oyntment 691. Oyntment of Litharge 692. the red drying Oyntment 694. Ung. Diapompholygos 695. Oyntment of Lead 697. Ung. Resumptivum Ibid. Ung. Mundificativum 699. Ung. Aureum 700. Ung. Apostolorum 703. Ung. e Calce 706. the Egyptian Oyntment 704. Emp. de Janua 719. Diapalma 722. Gratia Dei Ibid. plaister of Ceruss 724. Tela Galter 727. Aqua Calcis 757. Troch Cypheos 633. Troch Gordonii 639. Against the biting of a mad-dog Powders of burnt Crabs 12. Betony 318. Pimpinel 325. Venice-Treacle 626. Troch Vipers 630. the cleansing Oyntment 699. the Powder 107. For fractured bones Comfrey 350. Mirtle-berries 367. Oxycroceum 718. of Betony 719. Emp. Catagmaticum 728. To draw out fixed weapons out of Wounds Take Dittany 319. plaister of Betony 719. To draw pricks out of the feet Purslaine 242. Mastich-wood 384. The End of this Index of Diseases SIRS MAny Errata's have escaped the press which particularly to correct would but augment the disgrace of the Printers and no way gratify the desires of the Readers by reason of the vastness thereof yet this venial excuse may be passed upon their Endeavors that the strangeness of the character and uncouthness of the style was the chief causation thereof which could not particularly be emended by reason of the constant attendance upon my Profession the daily pressure of my Imployments and the tediousness of the Work Be pleased therefore with your pen to correct what is amiss to excuse what is past and courteously to entertain what is tendred out of a hearty Inducement to do good which is the sincere desire of him who is Yours in all observances R.T. Covent Garden Feb. 1. 1657. The more unexperienced Reader may please to observe that lb signifies Pound that â„¥ signifies Ounce that Ê’ signifies Drachm that ℈ signifies Scruple JO. RENODAEUS Medick his five Books of Physical Institutions Of Election of Medicaments His first Book CHAP. I. What Pharmacy is and its use PHARMACY is the second part [a] [a] [a] Cor. Cels cap. 1. lib. 1. of a curing Medicine which is [b] [b] [b] Gal. com ad part l. 6. effected by Drugs or it is an Art shewing the way first to select secondly to prepare thirdly to mix Medicaments for in these three things consists the whole Body of Pharmacy which affords a wholsome Remedy to every Disease for Nature the best Parent in her Physical operation hath opposed a Contrary to every thing but through imbecillity or some other accident cannot alwayes attain to the end for which it was [c] [c] [c] Fernel praefat 4. l. ad Meth. ordained for mans life being short sooner yieldeth to Fate thaâ— it can attain to Art which was the reason why Hippocrates complained Epist ad Dameget that he was an old man and had not yet acquired the end of Physick And truly no wonder for this Art is very long and difficult treating of all sublunary things created for mans supportation [d] [d] [d] Aristot. l. 5. polit primarily for nutriment secondarily for cure or any help conducing to health The Materials therefore of Medicine are many The matter of Phyfick is large and almost innumerable insomuch that the Bowels of the Earth do swell therewith and its superficies deck'd and adorn'd with variety of Herbs and Flowers as with an Ornament nothing flyeth or doth move in the Air nothing groweth or doth swim in the Seas which may 〈◊〉 be made use of to humane remedy for health many times is maintained and procented by most vise and contemptible things as by a [e] [e] [e] Gal. c. 1. l. 2. de simplicib Snail Snake Dung c. From Medicaments we often receive 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 often become [f] [f] [f] Hip. lib. de aliment The dignity and antiquity of Pharmacy medicinal 〈◊〉 then is to be deemed praise worthy and esteemed of honourably which affords and ministers the Instruments of Medicine
Metalls lose their Mordacity and Acrimony if they have any such quality for Tutia washed thus is void of all mordacity and therefore we use it Tutiae lotic for the fluxions of the eyes so likewise many other Metalls being thus washed lose their Acrimonious quality As Galen shewes at large 4. Comp. Med. Gener c. 2. The Ancients were wont to quench burnt brasse in Asses miâ—â— two or three times over Cadmia lotio then pulverized it in a morter with water powred on it and so dryed it againe and so preserved it to dry up ulcers of the eyes and drive away fluxions Ceruss is often washed in milk sometimes in rain-water Cerusae lotio and sometimes in distilled water as the Physician orders it The usuall custome of our Apothecaries in the preparation of steele is to wash or sprinkle its dust with vineger Chalybis lotio vulgaris according to the Arabians custome afterwards they dry it on a large marble in the hot Sun dryed they bruise it again and put on vineger as before and so they do seven times but this is not simply Lotion but a manifest preparation yet is the dust of iron more laborioufly prepared by Alcumists of which they make their Crocâ—â— Martis but of this we have spoken one where The Lotion of Lead is thus Plumbi lotio first burnt well in a Crucible then pulverized in a Leaden moâ—ter with a Leaden pestill with rain-water â—ill the water wax thick like blackâ—sh clay then the liquor must bâ—â—strained dryed made into balls and kept To preserve â—â—ctious substances Adioum meductarum ablutio first the Adeps or Medulla must be melted then strained from the drossy Membranes afterwards washed well in water till it appears pure and cleere The preparation of a Wolfs Liver consists in ablution siccation Jecoris Lupi praeparatio First let it be washed over and over in odoriferous wine in which wormewood hath first been boyled being thus washed according to Art Let it be well dryed in an Oven then afterwards laid in a dry place with dry Wormwood or Mint This Lotion is by some highly commended as of sufficient roboration to â—allance the weakness of the Liver which is naturally so by reason of its ill odor and insuavity The intestines also of a Wolfe must be washed and prepared after the same manner Intestini Lupi praeparatio save that they must be dryed in the North-wind they are commended by some learned Doctors for some speciall qualities in or against the Cholick passions Oyle Olei Lotio whilst it is in the water must not be much beaten least it be so mixed with the water that it cannot easily be separated from it clearly without some commixtion As for Rosin Refinarum picie Lotio Wax and Pitch let them first be melted upon the fire with a certain quantity of water and purge away their dross by straining them thorow a cloth Galen cap. 14. libr. 1. comp Med. gener cap. 58. lib. 9. de simpl Med. fac cap. 3. lib. 6. Meth. Lime also Calcis ablutio though it burnes vehemently yet twice or thrice washed its mordacity is taken away and may be safely applyed to any part whether Nervous or not which is a place most exquisitly indued with sense some wash it seven times over and make it up into a round ball which being dryed they so preserve it for future uses To shew gradually the preparation of severall Medicaments distinctly were superfluous and would be burdensome to the Reader both because Sylvius hath treated largely upon this subject and also because we have added many Lotions to many Medicaments in the Pharmacopoeia with other preparations of those compositions prescribed in it CHAP. IV. Of the Purgation of Medicaments BY Lotion of which we have treated in the former Chapter the filth and corruption mixed with Medicinall materialls is waâ—â—ed off but their superfluous and noxious parts are not purged thereby for French Barley though a thousand times washed will scarce lose it hilling nor other seeds their chaff and coverings nor fruits their skins or barks nor nuts their shells neither can fat onely by washing be purged from its Membranes therefore should be twice cocted and no more according to Hyppocrates advice before it be used in generall all Medicaments more or lesse should be purged by detraction which cannot be performed so much by Lotion as by Section Rasion and fraction or some other Artificiall Industry of the hand Thus the externall part of roots are scraped by cutting off their little fibres or the heart of them commonly so called taken out of them Yet sometimes they are not purged from their barks but the barks from every part as from superfluous and uselesse matter for of the Cinamon-tree the bark only is most desirable of Ginger the root of Santall-tree the wood of Canes the marrow or pith of Maiden haire the leaves onely of the Rose-tree the flowers of Pepper the seed other parts since they are either lesse usefull or superfluous are purged away For this reason the Medulla or pith of Cassia Fistula is separated from its cane Raisins from their stones Dates from their shells the Colocinth separated from its seeds the hillings from many seeds but from many fruits nothing the Cortex Medulla juice seed and flowers of Citron and Orange are good and usefull Whereas Nuts and Almonds are involved in a threefold skin wherefore they should be thrice purged the skin which is thick in some is taken away by the first the shell is broken by the second and the cover next to the kernell is taken away by the third wherein it is involved As a Child in a sheet in the wombe the usuall custome is to put Almonds or Nuts into water and when 't is ready to boyle rub them between your fingers and they will easily be cleansed CHAP. V. Of Infusion INfusion is a preparation of certain Medicaments whereby they are sliced into small peeces or bruised and so steeped in a liquor fit and convenient to the Physicians intention and that by the space of one houre or two or more dayes or weeks according to the nature of the Medicament or the Physicians Order for those that have a hard compact substance and a quality firmely inhering in the substance ought to be steeped or infused longer those that are small and tender a lesser space The use of this Infusion is chiefly threefold that the maligne force of the Medicine may be regulated or altogether absumed that the benigne or good quality may be made better or their vertues transmitted into the liquor Turbith before 't is used Turpethi praepa ratio ought to be steeped in new milk and afterwards dryed that it may not gripe the bowells when it is assumed Mezeorus laureola before they be exhibited in any Medicine ought to be steeped in white Wine and afterwards dryed that their crabbedness might be
same purpose and by the same way and art Yet notwithstanding Maceration requires a longer space of time than the two former Oleum Acopum so Flores Populi and semen Abietis ought to be macerated in oyle according to Galens advice cap. 14. lib. 2. de samt tuend for three four or more moneths together and then the oyl to be pressed out for the commixtion of the other ingredients Ginger with other hard roots green Almonds with other fruits are to be macerated so long till they the wax soft or loose their unprofitable or ungratefull quality In the making of syrup of Poppyes Syrupus de papavere the heads of the Poppyes are to be macerated in water for a day or two or sometimes three till they wax tender and their quality transmitted into the water Lignum Pali sancti and that Peregrine root Guaiacum Radix Chinae which the Easterne Indians calls Lampatan will scarce emit their vertues without a long maceration before their coction The same method must be observed with other woods and roots which ought to be macerated in some or other convenient liquor answerable to their propertyes that their vertues of what kind soever they be may be transmitted into the water or decoction Dates must be macerated three whole dayes in vinegar according to the prescript of Mesue before they be pulped Dates for the composition of Diaphaenicon Tamarinds and Mirabolans also must be macerated in whey made of Goates milk that according to the opinion of the same Author their bad and Nocumentall qualities may be amended and that they may no wayes offend the stomack Tincture or infection is neere a kin to humectation and maceration Tincture of Insection for those that are to be infected must be immerged into some certain juice yet not alwayes for the colour or tincture only but that it may acquire a more excellent quality As Sericum Crudum tinctured in Succo Cocci Baphicae Cochaneel or with a decoction of Kermeâ— Berries before it go into the composition of Confectio Alkermes that it may more increase its Cardiack quality and give it a more delightfull tincture Digestion also may be reduced to Maceration by which Medicaments are occluded in some convenient vessell or other close shut as meat in the stomach and so macerated adding thereunto Wine Vineger Oyle or some other convenient juice Chymists make a more ample discussion of digestion but nihil attinet ad nos under which they comprehend rectification insolation and sometimes nutrition CHAP. IX Of Triture WHen Medicaments of themselves hard and solid cannot conveniently be assumed or applied therefore they are prepared and changed by Apothecaries with such Art that they may easily and wholesomely be assumed for they breake and pulverize them and that either grosse or fine as the occasion requires Now this breaking of Medicaments is chiefly for three ends The reasons of pulverization First That they may be exactly mixed with others Secondly That they may acquire a new faculty Thirdly That their malignity may be corrected The manner of breaking of Medicaments The divers manner of wayes of Triture is different and various for many are brayed in a stone morter as in Marble others in Metall morters as Iron Brass Lead and sometimes glasse others in a Wooden morter as of Box or Guajaicum with pestells usually of the same matter for an Iron pestell is most apt for an Iron morter a Wooden one for a Wooden morter a Leaden for a Leaden morter and a glasse pestell for a glasse morter Some cannot nor will not be so exactly pulverated by beating as by grinding and rubbing and that upon a smooth marble made hollow for that purpose where instead of a pestell we use a little marble stone called a Mannipulus which we hold in our hand and circumduce it this way and that way round the stone Gemms so that we leave no part of the Medicamet unrubbed and after this manner Gemmes and pretious stones are made into powder till we can perceive no knobbs with our fingers which powder so brayed the vulgar call marbled dust after which manner also those powders ought to be attenuated which go to the making up of Ophthalmick unguents Some are brayed and ground with turning stones as Wheat and Barly in a Mill and so a great quantity of hard seeds may easily and speedily be bruised and grinded to powder Those Medicaments we prepare onely for coction need but little bruising and those also that are of a thin substance whose vertue is dissipable need but little bruising also as almost all flowers And those require much bruising that are hard thick solid nervous and not easy to be broken as also such as partake of a malignant quality as Colocinth the grosser part whereof assumed being not well powdered inheres in the turning of the Intestines and exulcerates the part causing the bloody flux Those that confist of a meane substance as many odoriferous simples must be bruised moderately least their more subtill and odoriferous parts should exhale and be dissipated yet they must be beaten very small when they go to the confection of any electuary and when we would have them to search and penetrate to the remotest parts then must they be beaten very fine when we would have them to stay long in the body then they must be courser provided they be not indued with any maligne quality some must be beaten very fine and small that they may sooner performe their operation and manifest their power Roots and hearbs are sometimes beaten green and sometimes dry sometimes raw sometimes boyled for their different ends and uses but those must alwayes but be bruised mode rately that are to be boyled for alwayes observe Note that a greater Triture is requisit for roots than leaves lesser for fruits and a meane for seeds For seeds require but a contusion betwixt roots and hearbs So likewise many Medicaments can scarce be redacted to powder unless something be mixed with them The husks of Silkwormes As Coloquintido fericum crudum Camphire and many more which onely dilate by beating them alone unlesse there be some unctious or liquid matter superadded sometime we use to sprinkle some with wine other with water some with oyl and vineger that they may not only sooner be brought into powder but also better serve our intention The harder part of Animalls as bones hornes clawes nailes may be more easily pulverated if they be first filed or burned in a Crucible There are some who also burn Sericum Crudum Sericum must not be burned wooll and the haires of severall Animalls before they powder them but thereby they loose their former vertues and acquire new ones and therefore it is better to cut them small and dry them in an oven and so beat them strongly till they returne into powder some unctious seeds as the four great coole-seeds are to be excortiated before they be powdered because
may be burned after divers manners but before ustion The way to burn Lead it is for the most part attenuated either by filing or slicing then put into a new earthen pot and so to be burned Sulphur being mixed with it till it may easily be pulverated Now this Sulphur must be interjoyned with the plates or slices and so both inflamed together and stirred with an iron spatula In the interim heware lest the most noxious exhalation of the Lead pierce the nostrils Halitus plumbi for it greatly hurts the brain by its commixture with Quicksilver because of which also it offends the nerves and often causes stupidity and the Palsey to such especially as work much in Lead Now Sulphur and Nitre is put to the thing to be burned being a very valid and strong compage to the thing whose volatibles would sooner be dissipated otherwise than their fixed parts overcome by the flame as Alcumists observe And Assation is related to Ustion yea 't is a certain way to â—â—stion so is Ustion to Calcination and Calcination to Cinefaction but Cinefaction is most competent to Combustion for all combustible things are ordained for flames For in Minerals where there is scarce any fuel for the flame few or no ashes are left after Ustion of wood nothing but ashes yet both combustible and incombustible things may be levigated Combustibles whil'st they are attenuated into ashes by burning Incombustibles whil'st after Ustion by pulveration or grinding on a Marble stone they are attenuated into Alcool or small dust If these shall not satisfie the Reader he shall finde a more special ustion of Medicaments daily used of us in our Book called the Apothecaries Shop CHAP. XIV Of Extinction EXtinction is a suffocation of a matter hot or fiery in some Liquor Extinctio quid Now this matter is extinguished either when often burned or when onely ignified or heated as when Gems or Metals are extinguished in Wine-vinegar pure or stillatitious matter or some juice or liquor till they be totally cold ere they have been perfectly burned Many things are oft to be extinguished as Lapis Pyrites some but once as Galls and some are extinguished of themselves without the affusion of any humid matter Weckerus saith that Quicksilver may be extinguished with mans fasting spittle yet things not ignified are improperly said to be extinguished but be mended and prepared by fasting Spittle and mended by Sage for Spittle makes it more apt to be incorporated with other mixtures Sage amends corrects and asswages its fierceness for Sage is so called from its preservative faculty Salvia as it were Salvatrix for it much roborates the brain and nerves which the malevolent faculty of Quicksilver offends which should be mended with the juice of Sage A lump or mass of Gold often burned in the fire Aqua extinctionis auri is sometimes extinguished in common water which water is good for such as have the bloody Flux to shut the orifices of the vessels and for the leprous to roborate their principal parts and exhilerate their spirits for it is not a rash conceit that Gold as well refreshes the internals as the externals As the water wherein Steel hath often been extinguished is usefull to drive away many affects so Steel it self beaten to dust burned and extinguished in Vinegar is excellent for many uses of which more elswhere The virtue of Extinction is such that it attracts and retains the virtues of the humour in which it is extinguished So Cadmia or Lapiâ— Galaminaris is sometimes extinguished in Wine sometimes in Vinegar for the various institutions of the Physician and Iron is sometimes extinguished in water mixed with oil that it may be more doctile to be made into Helmets or such pieces of Armour sometimes in water onely that it may be the more fragil CHAP. XV. Of Calfaction Insolation and Refrigeration CAlfaction is a certain manner of preparing Medicaments Calfactio quid as well simple as compound whereby they are neither boyled nor burned but moderately calefyed either in the sun or by the fire or by the heat of some putrid matter that these may be strained mollified and mixed more commodiously or that they may be used more easily and happily So an infused Medicament is calefied before it be strained not onely that all its quality may be transmitted into the liquor but that the liquor may more readily-permeate and wholly draw out Apothecaries do successfully give hot Glysters prescribed for such as labour in the Collick if it proceed not from choler warm ones to such as are sick of a Feaver not that their grief should wax hotter but to mitigate it and help the motion of Nature and the exclusion of the humour upward may be more easy Scarce any thing actually cold should be exhibited whether the remedy be applyed or assumed Also Baths and the very Linnen sick folks use should be moderately warmed Many Medicaments also must be calefied that they may more easily be broken mixed dissolved and strained Insolation is so like and near to Calfaction Insolatio quid that the one may easily supply the others course and place for they both promise the same effect And it is like a certain coction Hydromel vinosum quomodo fiat when Hydromel is calefied by being set in the Sun forty dayes whil'st the Dog-star rules for being more concoct it may be a taste like Wine Yet doth not this Art onely make it become like Wine What Hydromel is but that which is prepared of four pints of running water and one pound of honey must be so long cocted before Insolation till a raw egge may swim above it which we call Hydromel Now Conserves are insolated or calefied in the Sun that all their parts may be fermented together and their more humid matter discussed especially such as are prepared of cold leaves and flowers and should be kept a long time which will be a means to hinder their working up The juice of the herb Scylla by Galens advice cap. ult lib. de puere epileptico must be drawn out by Insolation or Coction in the Sun when the Air is obscure it may be extracted with fire and such Medicaments as by the institution of Winter cannot be insolated may be dryed by the Fire in Winter by the Sun in Summer Many Oils may be made by the infusion of flowers and permixtion of other things and may be insolated for the space of more or fewer dayes as the quantity and faculty of the thing infused requires For things more hot and dry need little or no Insolation cold and moyst longer Insolation Vinegar altered by flowers Vinegar of Roses must be prepared after the same manner For Rose leaves should be more insolated Elder flowers a shorter time as also that Vinegar which admits of Garlick Mint the flowers of Betony and Gilliflowers The Refrigeration also of Medicaments pertains to the Apothecary Refrigeratio for he refrigerates
such things as he would have to congeal as jelly as also such things as are after coction hard he reposes in his Shop as solid Electuaries dry Conserves and Plasters Now Refrigeration differs from Extinction in this that all things extinguished are refrigerated not on the contrary c. CHAP. XVI Of Putrefaction and Fermentation GAlen out of Aristotle observes cap. 9. lib. 2. de diff feb comm ad part 1. lib. 3. epid that Putrefaction proceeds alwayes from external heat in a humid matter as also the internal heat cocteth and corrupteth not So also whatever is in every part dry doth never apertly putrifie as we see neither Brick nor Gold nor Silver to putrifie And because things are putrid from an external heat Mensis Philosophicus Chymicorum Putrefaction is a kinde of Coction as when some medicamental matter is left in a Vial occinded in dung or as Alcumists say a Horses belly for they give feigned names to their feigned art for the space of thirty and sometimes forty dayes the last term whereof is called by them the Philosophical month and the Liquor of this Putrefaction menstruous or Putrefaction finished in a months space The Alcumists own this kinde of preparation Menstruum quid Chymicis as peculiar to themselves but Galen many years before they were hatched taught how to putrifie the Gem Calcitis and Litargie obruted with dung after they were put into a new pot with Vinegar And the Apothecaries also of our time have in this owned Galen who macerate and putrifie the branches of black Poplar for many months together either with Hogs grease for the confection of the Populeon Unguent or with Oil for the Medicine helping weariness Fermentation is not so proper to Medicaments Fermentatio as to Meats and Drinks for a lump of Dough is fermented or leavened that it may make more pleasant and wholsome Bread Wine and Beer are fermented when they grow cold and when there is a segregation of the sincere Suck or Juice Dregs or Faces Sirrups Conserves and Electuaries are also then fermented when new made they refrigerate in the Vessels Alcumists have their fermentation also which they sometimes call Vivification and sometimes Resuscitation for thereby they say that the matter perished is as it were resuscitated from the dead and acquires new virtues The vain Gold-mongers also promise that such a Fermentation will conduce to the transmutation of Metals but they never yet knew the matter of the Ferment nor the manner of its confection CHAP. XVII Of Dissolution MEdicaments are wont to be variously changed before they be exhibited for the most part when whole Medicaments will not serve they are prepared by some triture or dissolution in some liquor or other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Now this dissolution is a certain triture whereby Medicaments as well simple as compound are dissolved in some fit humour to a moderate consistency and sometimes smaller sometimes thicker according to the Physicians purpose Now Medicaments are dissolved for many uses first Dissolutionis usus multiplex that they may be easily assumed secondly that they may more readily be compounded with others thirdly that they may sooner be distributed fourthly that they may penetrate into the part affected and if need be remain there as when liquid Medicaments are injected into the belly bladder intestines or any Ulcer in the body fifthly Medicaments are dissolved that they may afterwards be strained and that their virtues purged from excrements may sooner enter the inward parts Thus Medicaments which break the Stone Dithontriptica are dissolved sometimes in white Wine sometimes in the juice of Limmons in the water of Wall pelitory Radish-roots or such like that they may more easily permeate the holes of the reins and the passages of the ureters On the contrary such as are to be moved with the Spittle are to be dissolved in a thicker matter as in Conserves or Sirrup Anachartasis quomodo movonda that they may appear rather as a Medicine to be sucked than drunk And as Triture so also Infusion and oftentimes Calefaction are requisite to Dissolution for such as are hard pliant and viscid can scarce be dissolved till they be broken or steeped or calefied by the Sun or Fire Thus many Medicaments may be dissolved presently after Triture and many kinds of Earth others not without long agitation as all shels of Fishes and many more Some require both Maceration and Calfaction as many Gummes which before dissolution should be macerated with strong Vinegar Aqua vitae or strong Wine But Metals and Minerals cannot be dissolved in any juice or liquor Non quavis in quovis liquore dilui but in the juice of Limmons in Vinegar distilled or in such Watert as the Alcumists call strong Waters Any Medicament therefore is not dissolved in any liquor but in some fit and determinate one for Turpentine may lie a whole natural day in water or in a decoction and scarce be dissolved without some Eggs yolks be superadded In general Grease Marrow and Fatness are melted at the fire that they may be more easily dissolved and ingrede the composition of Unguents and Plaisters All kinds of odoriferous Medicaments are dissolved in cordial Waters or altering Waters for moyst medicinal Plaisters Pils or other Purges whether compound or simple are dissolved in Aqua vitae or other convenient Liquor by an artificial sedulity in drawing out their extracts Solid things also which neither can nor ought to be exhibited in that form are first to be broken and dissolved in some convenient liquor that they may more safely and easily be assumed CHAP. XVIII Of Liquation ALL Medicaments after due preparation thereunto may be dissolved but few can be melted for Stones may be burned Wood accended but in no wise melted because not congulated with cold Liquatio quid For saith Aristotle cap. 6. lib. 7. meteor Liquation is a solution of those things which are congealed by cold into a more liquid and fluent consistency by heat as Fatness Marrow Oil in winter and such like which with little cold are concreted and with little heat diffuded But such things as are concreted with diurnal cold are very hard to â—elt as Gold Brass and Iron the fusion whereof rather pertains to such as are exercised in Metals and not in Medicaments to an Artist and not a Philosopher Liquation differs from Dissolution Dissolutio non nisi fit cum humere in that Liquation is alwayes caused by heat and seldome or never with any humour Dissolutition alwayes with humours seldome with heat Lead is soon melted with heat Sulphur Pitch and Rosin sooner Salt Manna Sugar Gums of Ivy Prunes Juniper and other Trees are sometimes worked in hot water and so diffused that they may be dissolved The Alcumists have illustrated a Pyrothecny Quomodo metalla facile liquentur and have invented many things whereby the liquative or fusitive Art is enriched as
when Sal Ammoniack once sublimated with common Salt then twice by it self will make hard Metals forthwith fluid Copper also may be easily melted otherwise if onely a little of an Asses hoof be injected to it in melting Now the use of Liquation in Pharmacy is great for it causes the Medicaments to change their form and acquire a new one and it also purges them that their impure parts might be separated from the pure and mundane CHAP. XIX Of Mollition and Duration MAny preparations of Medicaments hold such affinity with others that they are often taken for the same as Liquation and Mollition which onely differ according to their degree of more or less so that Mollition is the beginning of Liquation For all things that are melted first grow soft and many things after mollition if they be longer calefied melt yet not all for Ivory Claws and Horns may be mollified but not melted Now Mollition happens two wayes Mollitionem fieri duobus modis either by heat onely of the Fire Sun or Animal or of some putrid matter or by some affunded humour as when wax is mollified in hot water or some harder medicamental mass is steeped in some sirrup or convenient liquor till it be mollified and yield to the touch which according to Galen cap. ult lib. 3. de differ puls is Judge of the hard or soft body Mother of Pearl Shell-fishes and Egge-shels macerated in distilled Vinegar are so mollified that they may be wrought or drawn as you please It is also thought that Ivory may be mollified with Beer or by being boyled for the space of six hours with the root of Mandrakes Horns rarefied by the fire or long boyled in water or buried seven dayes in dung do grow soft It is thought the Coral in the juice of Barberies Pearls in the juice of Limmons and many Stones in certain Liquors rightly prepared will be softned Since according to Galen cap. 1. lib. 4. de dignos puls Duratjo those things are hard to which our flesh yields and those soft which yield to our flesh the doctrine of Mollition and Duration is as opposite in the same consideration Duration takes place in Pharmacy in compound Medicaments which being preserved for use ought to be somewhat dryed and solid as Electuaries dry Conserves Salves Pils Trochisks and some Sirrups Now Medicaments are hardned by cold Quot modis medicament a indurentur heat and the admixtion of dry things By cold as when such things as are melted or onely mollified are removed from the fire and being exposed to the air do refrigerate and harden By heat when Medicaments are boyled to their just consistency and their humid part absumed for so being dryer they become obdurate Medicaments also harden by the admixtion of dry things either that they may keep longer or that in such a consistency they may be more easily and safely exhibited or applyed CHAP. XX. Of Siccation SUch Simples as are to be preserved all Winter or such as are brought from forreign Countryes ought to be accurately dryed before they be reposed in Chests Boxes or Bags for their excremental humidity coacted and not dilated soon corrupteth and then their wholsome quality faileth Neither are Medicaments dryed onely for conservation sake Quare medicamenta siccentur but often times that they may be pulverated that their virtues may be more effectual Now whatsoever is moyst and should be dry it must be dryed in the sun or by the fire or left in a very windy shade voyd of rain and dust till it be withered and its superfluous humidity altogether dissipated Those things are dryed to pulveration by the heat of the fire which are burned in a furnace or oven or on burning coals as Bones Claws Horns Shels or in an earthen pot as hairs of Animals and such things as are put in a fire pan or covered in a dish or platter set in or upon an oven where bread was lately extracted for so Plums Pears Cherries and such humid Fruits are wont to be dryed Leaves and flowers Quae in sole melius siccentur whose colour should remain after drying are best dryed by the Suns heat especially in Summer and Autumn Seeds also gathered before perfect maturity or in time of rain or when the necessity of the matter requires it cannot be exactly dryed but in the Sun or by the fire Thick and juicy roots also unless they be cut small may be dryed better in a place exposed to the Sun and North-winde than in a shade not agitated with the winde and the desiccation of many is to no purpose unless insolation have preceded Yet small roots do easily dry in a shade as also many great ones if they be cut into little pieces fixed on a thread and exposed to the â—â—ady air so it be windy not wet Leaves do more easily dry which being bound in a bundle are exposed to the externall air partly to the heat of the fire being suspended for the most part on the beames of shopps flowers most easily for being laid upon a paper or dish and moved they are presently dry Now leaves when dryed are to be reposed in baggs of Canvas or paper roots flowers and feeds in vessells of glass or wood The flowers of water Lillyes because more grosse and humid Quomodo Cortices flores siccandi must be put upon a thread that so exposed to the air they may more commodiously dry The pills of Oranges Limmons and Pomegranates as also spungy roots are dryed after the same manner in shops Foxes Lungs washed in wine may be dryed in an oven not very hot Harts peezles in the open air Wolves intestines in the shade figgs and grapes in the Sun as also solid Confections which after their conditure must be preserved in sugar or syrrup CHAP. XXI Of Expression STrong compression is often requisite to separate the more pure and thin substance of Medicaments from the terrestriall and grosse which since the hands alone cannot execute Mesueus invented a presse whereby Medicaments put in a strong hempen or hairy bag may be so strongly pressed that the whole thin substance will be compelled to go out the grosse and more compact remaining Thus wine is compelled from the grapes into hogsheads Pomaceus qui siat Intinctus viridis thus the juice of apples is educed to the confection of Sidar thus Seplasiaries extract the juice of young corne for that condiment prepared with a little vinegar tosted bread and some such like things Vinum ex herbis which they call the green intinct of some Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wine made of hearbs Many are put in a cloth then wringed in ones hands Aqua alumnlosa quibus constet till they be sufficiently expressed as the juice of Sorrell Purslane and Plantain for confecting Alum-water add whites of Eggs and Alum to the former After the like manner is the expression of Rhabarb Agarick and other
Balneo Mariae that the Aqua vitae may be separated from the faculty of the Medicament which lyes somewhat thick in a little quantity in the bottome of the vessell then it is gathered and reposed in a glasse vessell or an earthen one well glassed and so evaporated on hot embers If any one will make a more valid extract then he macerates another Medicament of the same kind in the former expression and after a daily and perfect infusion he extracts it by compression as before and this he doth three or foure times if hâ— desire a more potent extract and at length the last expression being finished he segregates the Aqua vitae from it by distillation in a hot bath or he dissipates it by insolation till the extract onely remain which hath great and powerfull vertues in a small body They do not cast away Rhabarbe and other Medicaments of grearer value after the first maceration or expression as the vulgar do but infuse them twice thrice or four times in other Aqua vitae till they have lost their colour sapour and what ever vertue was in them be left in the waters for then ought the last expression to be made which is mixed to the other from all which the Aqua vitae is separated by Balneo Mariae and the subsident onely or extract left These Extracts are not alwaies made by Aqua vitae but oftentimes by the decoction of hearbs stilled waters and sometimes by rain or fountain-waters Extractum pilularum for some masses of pills are sometimes macerated in rain-waters for the space of eight dayes the juice of Buglosse Betony or other thing as necessity requires being added then it is boyled on a slow fire strained and congealed After the same manner is one pound of the best Rhabarb and of China sliced small macerated by the space of one whole day in two pounds of the juice of Borrage and Fumitory well purified then it is boyled on a slow fire Extractum rhei till the juice be absumed then is there made a strong expression which is again boyled with a slow fire in a Balneum Mariae to the Consistency of Honey some adde two ounces of Sugar but hereby the quantity is increased and the faculty of the extract more dull Extracts are prepared after many other manners which to treat of at large is not our purpose because we study to institute a method for Apothecaries not Alcumists CHAP. XXIV Of Cribration AS the husbandman with his fanne dissipates the straw and chaffe from his Wheat so doth he with his sieve segregate the best seed corn from the dead and feeble cornes to whom Cribration rather appertains than to an Apothecary yet both of them use this instrument to separate the flower from the bran which the vulgar call a searce or sieve sometimes a rangeing sieve and sometimes a haire Tamise which is made sometimes of the haire of a horses taile sometimes of flax sometimes of silk now a sieve is made of a vellume pervious with many round or long holes through which tares and small seeds may easily descend the more succulent and good remaining Cribration therefore is of use for that preparation of Medicaments which is performed in a sieve The use of this preparation is much Cribrationis usus for hereby the flower of grounded seeds or the meale is separated from the branne boyled roots are cleansed from their barks and fruits purged from their grains and stones The Quintessence of Cassia fistula is put in a sieve made of horses haire that the pith alone thus purged from the broken huskes and seeds may be extracted which is called extract of Cassia Tamarinds and Dates macerated in vineger or other liquor are after the same manner put into a hairy sieve for many definite uses and so pulped through with a Manipulus many seeds are boyled till they crackle as roots and leaves till they be very soft and then are transmitted through a sieve made of haire to the confection of Cataplasmes and other Medicines of divers forms Cordiall powders as also others which are ingredients in a Medicamentall composition must be sierced in a small tamise or fine sieve and especially such as are administred to loose obstructions and move urine or monthly flowers for by how much such are finer by so much the sooner are they carried to the places affected In sifting some powders a hairy tamise is requifite in others a silken one or one of pure and rare linnen Cribration is chiefly for the more commodious mixtion of things pulverated or of small bignesse and the separation of the smaller portion which is often better from the grosser portion which is often worse Now as there are severall instruments that serve for Cribration Varius cribrandi modus so is the manner of Cribration diverse for properly Corn and Pulse are to be put in a sieve stirred with a hand and turning the seeds this way and that way in the sieve holden up which ablegates the bad seed and retains the good After the same manner Cordiall powders are sifted Pulveres cardiaci quomodo cribrandi the tamise being moved to and fro in a mans hands not violently shaken that the smaller part of the powder may be transmitted the thicker part left Some that they may be more easily transmitted ought in the ranging of the sieve to be shaken into a round or other solid body with many percussions least the grosser parts be fastned in the sieve and therefore almost all ought to be grinded before they be sifted in the Tamise and those that will scarce permeate the tamise or sieve for crassitude ought again to be grinded and beaten till they may all passe through for tenuity and fineness CHAP. XXV Of Colation and Filtration UPon what account dry Medicaments are sifted upon the same are moist ones strained for that the filth may be segregated and the pure and sincere liquor onely extracted it is transmitted through a strainer and that either thick or rare or of a mean texture as the commodious use of the thing and exigency requires therefore the practisers of Pharmacy hold it requisite to keep many strainers in their shops both thick and rare linnen wollen hempen or hairy often old but oftner new that in a strong compression all the juice of the thing strained may be transmitted without the rupture of the cloth That grosse and viscid matters may be rightly strained Ad crassorum viscidorum colaturam quid requiratur three things are required that they be washed in more abundance of humour that they be put in a more rare and new strainer and that they be longer calified before colation for so their density being more rarified they may more easily permeate thus the juices of flesh and hearbs are to be calified before they be strained and all kinds of Honey and Manna eaten out of any liquor that that which is extraneous and sordid
will not keep one week and therefore Physicians are wont to prescribe them to present use and have them made so oft as necessity requires but we shall treat more largely of these in the next book for now we shall speak of such as may be kept by the Apothecaries for a long time of which for present use are often made Apozemes if they be dissolved in the decoction of Plants or Juleps if in distilled waters they often also ingrede the confection of Eclegmes Opiates and Condites both that they may acquire better acceptation and vertue and also a consistency more convenient to our purpose Yet they are sometimes prescribed alone and unmixed especially such as must be assumed by licking by little and little to move flegme as all brown syrups as the syrup of Colts-foot the juice of Liccorish Maidens-haire Hyssop or of some such like which by reason of their sweetnesse coct the spittle Now syrups are made of the decoction of hearbs Materia Syruporum roots fruits seeds flowers or their juices and such like as may be well decocted and the matters to be decocted are so chosen as they may answer our intent whether it be to corroborate some part or mend some vitious humour or educe it thence we have such variety of syrups for they are composed to calefy refrigerate moisten dry open obstruct cut thicken and purge And the decoction of those things whereof Syrups are made Aquâ— optima quae ought to be in water either rain-water or fountain water or running water which is best because void of all qualities the quantity whereof must be answerable to the quantity and hardnes of the things cocted for such things as are harder as roots and wood can scarce be cocted save with much time and water without adustion And therefore the water must be augmented when simples are long to be cocted as also when they are too bitter The decoction strained and clarified is boyled again with an equall quantity of sugar or honey or both and sometimes with sweet wine as it will appear in our book called the Apothecaries Shop CHAP. III. Of Propomates THe Ancients according to Aëtius and Paulus Aët. cap. 30. cent 3. ser 1. Paul Aeg. c. 15. lib. 7. Propomata quid de remed called aâ—l drinks dulcorated with honey by the generallâ—n me Propomata for they scarce knowing sugar made all drinks pleasant to the pâ—late with honey which we now make with sugar that they may be more sweet and pleasant yet some not for want of sugar are condited with honey both for the peculiar condition of the sapour and the artainment of those excellent qualities wherewith it abounds for honey besides that sweetness which it hath being most pleasant to the tongue is such an excellent conservative that many use it instead of salt for the Babylonians Dionys Areop Melle qui corpora condiebant in time past buried their dead bodyes in honey and Appius the Cook Herod in Thalia covered flesh with honey that he might preserve it without salt many things also condited and other Medicaments are dulcorated and confected with honey both that they may be more pleasant to the palate and also keep more safely without corruption and acquire more notable vertues Wherefore Galen Cap. 177 simpl Medic. writes well when he saith that honey may safely be mixed with all Antidotes For it is most sweet Cap. 11. lib. de alim and it produces most thin juice and being mixed with Medicaments it causes them to induce and keep better Paul cap. 14. lib. 7. dâ— remed yet it is not equally wholesome to all for as Cap. 8. lib. 2. de fac nat it is good for old and cold men for it is noxious to such as are feaverish and young men especially chollerick because it is soon changed ingenders choller and becomes bitter in hot bodyes for if it be holden too long to the fire it will be bitter as also if it be kept too long Cap. 16. lib. 4. simpl for Galens father Cap. 11. l. 1. de Antidot Pater Galeni mel amarum babebat had a certain kind of honey as bitter as if it had been made in Pontus in that part where the Bees gather their honey from wormewood yet he saith it was Athenian honey and very good but that it became bitter by diuturnity of time Now Pliny Cap. 56. lib. 7. saith that one Aristaeus an Athenian first invented honey and the Curetes first taught the use thereof Mellis primus inventor though Ovid makes Bacchus the Author of it when he saith Liber inventi praemia mellis habet Furthermore many Medicaments are made of honey and also potions either more liquid called by Paulus sweet Potions as Hydromel that is watry and not enough boyled or more thick and longer boyled and insolated as Hydromel of wine as Oxymel and other Medicaments which are nominated from honey as the Medicamentall honeys of violets Anacardium Râ—ses and such like Many Medicaments are comprehended under this name Hydromel as Muscadell Melicratum Hydromel of water and of wine simple and compound Quid hydromelitis nomine intelligendum yet none is so simple but it consists of honey and water as the name demonstrates but it is called simple to difference it from the more compound whereof many differences are described every where by the best Physicians as by Galen lib. de Dinamid and by Paulus lib. 7. de remed In the Confection of Hydromel In hydromelite qua mellis ad aquam proportio the proportion of honey to the water is various according to the various scope of the Physician the temper of the assumer For in Summer it is prescribed most watry as also to young men but in Winter and to old men and flegmaticke with a greater portion of wine or honey and it seemes good to our Ancients properly to call that Hydromel Hydromel vinosum which is not very watry but of wine and perfectly cocted for it seems to resemble in sapour and heat most noble Wine as that of Malmesey for it much excites spittle concocts flegmes cherishes naturall hear and roborates the stomack its genuine description and the manner of its making shall be handled in the shop divulged by us And although the rule of confecting Melicrated Mulsa Melicratum mulsa hydromel idem or Hydromell which differ onely in name not in substance be not one but various yet Mesue part 3. distinct 6. delivers the most vulgar and usuall rule to wir the admistion of eight pounds of water to one of honey which must be cocted together till froth cease to swim above which opinion the best Authors follow though many mixe with every pound of honey ten of water and sometimes twelve according to their various intentions Rusticks in Summer decoct the Loture of honey-combes Hydromel Rusticorum first strained and they despume it well and repose it in ample vessells and having
fruits are harder more difficult to be cocted and lesse dissipable than flowers and leaves so Medicinall honey is made of these after a different manner for insolation will not suffice but they must be long concocted in water before honey be put to them and that fruits may be rightly cocted they must first be macerated four and twenty houres in thrice as much water as is equall to them then they must be cocted to the third part or half then an equall weight of honey must be added to the colature and then the concoction must be perfected in the consistency of a syrup CHAP. VI. Of Sapes IUices educed out of fruits and hearbs after colation expurgation and a consistency obtained by the benefit of the Sun or fire are called Sapes or medicinated juices by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rob Sapa quid and by the Arabians Rob or Robub Sape is properly wine pressed out of white ripe grapes and cocted to the consistency of honey called by the Arabians Rob. Now any other juice extracted and cocted to a just spissitude is by the generall name called Robub Yet these barbarous names are seldome distinguished but Rob and Robub are used without difference for any thick juice as it is apparent in Mesue who not ignorant of the proper name calls all concrete juices rather Rob than Robub though his interpreter judges otherwise The Juices are extracted either with a press or by the compression of ones hands and then trajected through a napkin that whatever of forditude is therein may cleave to the cloth and the pure juice may onely be transmitted which afterwards put in a pan or other vessel is insolated or cocted on a flow fire till it grow thick and acquire a solid form And its watry humidity thus resolved it may be preserved many months and years without putrefaction Some Juices also are simple Sapae simplices compositae others compound Of the simple some have a friable substance and a purgative faculty which must be longer cocted that they may acquire perfect solidity as Aloes Scammony and such like others have a lent and viscid substance and for the most part an astrictive and acid quality such as all Robs are said to be by Mesue Distinct 6. Those are called compound Sapes or Juices which besides their concrete Juices admit of Sugar as Rob condited of Barberries Rob of Quinces Mulberries and such Fruits As therefore sweet Wine onely boyled to the third Desrutum quid and despumed still remaining liquid is called Defrutum so Wine expressed in a harder Consistency inspissated by heat is properly called Sapa which also may be called Rob or Robub If any be more sollicitous about the name than the thing it self he may equally refer the name Robub to all Juices The use of Sapes is commended to many things Saparum usus especially to diseases in the mouth and they are sometimes prescribed alone sometimes to be mixed with other Confections as to Diamorum Diacodium and other Syrups CHAP. VII Of Conserves SEeing the virtue of Flowers may be easily dissipated it can scarce be long retained integral but is much impaired with coction and time and often resolved Now that it may be retained Flowers are wont to be condited in Sugar or Honey and a Compound is made that may be preserved for many months and years without any great impairing of virtue whence it is properly called a Conserve whereof we have two different kinds Conservarum differentia the one is liquid and soft which will yield to the pressure of ones finger wherein is left some lentor the other dry which is much more solid and made into Pastils or Trochisks to which our fingers rather yield But because all Flowers have not a like compact substance or like temper they are not all condited after the same manner nor require the same quantity of Sugar in their conditure Those that are more humid should taleby a day or two in a place neither too humid nor too hot that their superfluous humidity may be resolved Those that are dryer by how much they are more fresh and succulent by so much the better Amongst the more humid whereof Conserves are made we reckon the Flowers of Water-lillies Roses Succory Violets Borage and Bugloss amongst the dryer Flowers of Sage Hyssop Rosemary Oranges Jasmine Betony Peach-trees and many other Simples which are seldome or never condited The more humid require a greater quantity of Sugar to their confection the dryer a less to some an equal weight of Sugar is sufficient to other half their weight to many twice their weight to Roses and Water-lillies thrice their weight is requisite Some are integrally mixed with twice their weight or a sufficient quantity of Sugar and are set to be insolated one or two months according to the crassitude or tenuity of the Flowers Others as Roses after their purgation from the white Conserva rosarum qui fiat whereby they are fastned to the bud and their triture in a stone morter with a pestel of Box wood are mixed exquisitely with thrice their weight of Sugar and then reposed in an earthen pot well leaded and are well covered with a paper not forated lest the virtue of the Flowers should be dissipated This done the vessel is insolated by the space of a whole month or forty dayes for hereby the Conditure is excellently fermentated the heat of the Sun permeating every part thereof if it be stirred twice or thrice a week with a Spatula which is effected without any dissipation of its virtues or odour Some immerge and perfectly mix integral Flowers sometimes and oft braying in Sugar melted and cocted to the consistency of an Electuary which when it is cold they put in boxes and insolate it If in the conditing a little juice of Lemmon be injected Quomodo conserva rubra fiat it will attain a red and lively colour that it will not lose in a years space if it be reposed in a Vessel while it is hot for afterwards refrigerating a certain scum or crust arises upon the superficies which preserves the colour odour and virtue longer Conserves are seldome made of leaves because their substance is more compact and quality less dissipable for they may be brought from far Countreys without impairing their virtues Yet some which have excellent faculties posited in their superficies cannot be dryed without damage as Sorrel and Capillus veneris And therefore Conserves may well be made of them well purged as of Monspelian Maidens hair which is accounted the best as many other Simples abundant in that Countrey Yet have I heard the City Monspelier more commended for Medicks than Medicaments However excellent Conserves of Maidens-hair is carried from Monspelier to all the Countreys in France which is made of an equal quantity of pulverated Sugar and cleansed Leaves brayed and mixed together after insolated so long as is convenient Some hold this
Conserve to be better if a Syrup perfectly cocted be made of the decoction of this herb and Sugar and then mixed to other cleansed and brayed Leaves of this herb for thus it acquires a more excellent virtue and a more fit consistency Dry Conserve is made of dry Roses levigated very small with eight times their quantity of Sugar boyled in rose-Rose-water to the consistency of an Electuary Conservae ex rosis siccis to which a little juice of some sowr Simple as Lemmons or Sorrel may be mixed for this juice doth not onely make it sweet and sowr and pleasant to the taste but of a more red and pleasant colour By the same art may other dry Conserves be made of dry Flowers CHAP. VIII Of Condites in general ROots Conditura cur fiat Fruits and other parts of Plants are condited either for conservation or for sapour or both For Conservations sake many are condited with Salt or Vinegar and sometimes both as Olives Capers Samphire Cucumbers and Broom-flowers For Sapours sake the pils of Oranges Lemons Almonds Pine-apples Cloves Nuts and many Seeds are confected with Honey or Sugar For both Conservation and Sapours sake many Roots Fruits and Flowers as the root of Ragwort Pears Plums Barberries and the flowers of Bugloss and Violets both that they may taste better and keep longer And such things as are to be condited are first concocted in an apt syrup and reposed and reserved with it in an carthen glass or vessel which are called by Apothecaries Condita liquida liquid Condites But if after perfect Concoction they be exposed to the open air till their superficies be dry and that viscid lentor wherewith they cleaved to the fingers of such as touch them Confecturae siccae be resolved then are they called dry Confectures Hereunto by a certain affinity may be referred a certain kinde of Condite which is called Pasta regia or a Mazapane but we shall treat of that more positively in our fifth Book in our Treatise of particular Remedies Those Delicates which the Confectioners call Tragemata Tragemata i.e. Junkets may be referred to solid Condites for they as other Condites are prepared by the help of the fire and the addition of Sugar but after a different manner For examples sake if Seeds are to be condited the Sugar must first be cocted into the consistency of a syrup then is it by little and little poured upon the Seeds then are they moved with ones hand and that so long till the Seeds be covered and incrustated all over with the Sugar Lemmons pils small cut as also Cynamon are condited after the same manner Now Fruits being humid they require a liquid Confecture and Seeds being dry a dry one CHAP. IX Of Powders THE Medicinal Art can by no means want Powders for when Medicaments are either too humid or dry by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the dry for the most part are pulverated the humid are made up and concinnated with these Powders as Electuaries solid Conserves Trochisks Plaisters and other Medicaments both intrinsecally to be assumed and extrinsecally to be applyed for nothing in Chirurgery is more frequently prescribed than incarnating astringing and closing Powders Pulverum in Chirurgia frequens usus and nothing so carefully prepared and kept of Apothecaries as cordial capital and roborating Powders which are not onely mixed with other forms of Medicaments but oftentimes prescribed alone to divers uses and affections as to roborate the principal parts preserve their strengths extinguish Poysons stay Fluxes help concoction to binde or lose the belly Many external passions are oft cured with these alone Pulvis vulnerarius optimus seldome without them as any Wound with red Powder compounded of two parts of Dragons-blood and one of Frankincense as a great Ulcer after detersion with incarnating Powder Pulvis epuloticus optimus Thus a slash or skar of a Wound is closed with an Epulotical Powder the best whereof are the Powders of Pompholix Brass oar Ceruse Spodium Terra Lemnia and Lead rightly prepared Now generally Pulveres in medicina quid praestent Medicaments are either given in the form of Powders or of them other forms are made borrowing their matter from Powders for these do not onely serve for to be fitted to the forms of several Medicaments but whether you look to the body or the quality of Medicaments these are for the most part their very Basis And Powders are made of the most select Medicaments beaten more or less as the nature of the Medicament or the exigency of the matter requires And all that are levigated or redacted into Powder are called of the Latines by a general name Pulveres which the Arabians call distinctly by these three idioms Sufful Alkool Alkool Sufful Sief and Sief Sufful denotes any kinde of Powder whether small or great Alkool that which is very small Sief denotes the attrition of certain Trochisks upon a Marble mixed with Rose Fennel or other convenient water to the griefs of the eyes Now some Powders to wit such as are made by the Confectioners are destinated onely to Sauces as the Powders of Pepper Ginger Nutmeg Cynamon and such like sweet Spices and they are called of the Seplasiaries small Spices which they used to keep in Leather bags Other Powders are cordial and roborative which pertain onely to the Medicinal Art as the Powder of Diarrhodon Abbatis Diacynamon Dianisi Laetitia Galeni and other cordial Powders which should be reposed in boxes glasses or pots close covered lest their virtue suddenly expire Other Powders are also made as Cathartick Powders which are onely for present not future uses because by keeping they are much worse and weaker Yet scarce is any Powder internally assumed alone and unmixed but is put in water or some other liquor though not so applyed externally which we often lay to Wounds and Ulcers alone Perfumers Cosmeticorum studium Chamberers and such as would take away wrinkles from old women with painting and promise to fascinate and cure stinking breaths make several Powders of suaveolent Spices as of the root of Orris of Roses Sandals Storax Betzoini sweet Cane Cynamon Cloves Marjorum Amber Musk Civet of which and other odoriferous Simples they make two excellent Powders which they call Chyprium Violetum and also many other and various Powders for the delectation of them that desire them They are wont to repose them in silken bags and put them in chests with their cloaths But the Apothecary need not be sollicitous about these for whom it is more expedient to have good Pulvis Diamargaritonis than Chyprium CHAP. X. Of Eclegms in general A Certain Medicament is made for the diseases of the Lungs something thicker than a Syrup and more liquid than an Electuary which the Arabians call Lodoch the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and sometimes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines
crassitude equall Sugar also must be prepared before it receive powders for it should be dissolved in stillatitious water or other fit liquour Electuarium siccum faciendi modus and then be despumed and boyled softly on a fire till it be thicker than 〈◊〉 syrup and till a drop thereof will not dilate it self and after a little refrâ—geration the severall species must be by little and little added confounded and mixed with a Spatula till it have got its whoâ—e solidity and equability then it must be laid on a marble before it be cold and with the Spatula dilated and planed when it is cold it may be cut into Lozenges square or round of one two or three dramms weight which after they be brought to the hardness of sugar must be laid in boxes or Chests Of what consistency soever the Electuary be whether solid or soft it preserves the strength of the simples well and long Yet doth the soft preserve it longer than the solid because its humidity being greater it more constraines the faculty of the Medicaments and hinders them from being dissipated by the air By how much an Electuary is more gratefull to the Palate by so much the sooner doth its energy and faculty decay for its efficacie will scarce endure a year bitter and ingratefull will endure two or three years and the Antidote against wild beasts bitings or poysons sometimes ten years without damage CHAP. XII Of Hiera HIerae differ little from the Opiate Hiera pierae unde habeant nomen Opiates from liquid Electuaries for they have all the same consistency and often the same purging faculty yet Electuaries and Opiates do sometimes purge neither molesting the belly nor displeasing the palate with their sapour but Hierae besides their purging faculty which they alwayes have are very bitter and unacceptable which their name shewes for they are called Picrae for their exceeding bitterness as Hiera i. e. holy for their excellent effects They are compounded of loosening and bitter yet Medicaments good for the stomack which incide and gently purge grosse and flegmatick humours out of the first region of the body Hiera picra Galeni dâ—citur quod eam emendarit and especially those that are called Galens Hierae because changed and mended by him Cap. 11. lib. 8. comp med local which saith he are the best remedy for the Melanchollicke affections of the belly for many stomachicall Maladyes have been cured by him in one day therewith for since Aloes is mixed hereunto which is very good for the stomack and Cynamon which is effectuall in opening exterging and attenuating for it is of very thin parts they may be exhibited usefully for all grosse and viscous humours Quib us conveniat quibus non and all affections about the belly and stomach proceeding from vicious juice but not if they proceed from a sharp fever Hiera whose faculty is to calefy and exiccate may not be securely used in those fevers whereby humours are accended in the vessells and whereby the whole body is inflamed though by Galens advice they may safely be used in fevers that are not vehement there are besides Galens Picrae Hierae variae descriptae Hierae variously described various compositions which from their effects are called Hierae and from their sapours Picrae as from that matter which in composition quantitie or qualitie is preheminent one Hiera is called the Colloquintidan Hiera others are confected under the names of Logadius Pacchus or Myrepfius either because they first invented their compositions or else altered augmented and corrected them The descriptious composition and powers of every one shall be largely treated of taught and explained in our book tearmed the shop some Hierae have their purgative power onely from Aloes and that not potent and Galen cap. 2. lib. 4. de loc affect saith that they scarce condescend to the places about the Liver unlesse they be taken in a more ample weight they may be commodiously given for the suffusion or web in the eye because they rather educe noxious humours from the brain than from the stomack but such as admit of Coloquintida or Agarick or both or scammony do potently move the belly and draw hurtfull humours from all the parts of the body and purge them out CHAP. XIII Of Opiates in general OPiates are reckoned amongst liquid Electuaries and so called because they have Opium in their mixture or from their similitude to Hypnoticall Medicaments or from their consistency presently after their inspâ—ssation or peradventure from their Colour which in Opium or the juice of black poppy and in liquid Antidotes whether Cordiall or opening is the same And although the Ancients call those Medicaments onely Opiates too strictly which admit of Opium in their mixture of what consistency soever whether solid as the Alcumists Ladanum and Pills of Cynoglosson or soft as the Roman Philonium yet are they in a larger sense taken for any soft Confections Cordiall altering Opiatarum appellatio amplissima purging or narcoticall whether they admit Opium as Antidotes against venemous beasts or they consist only in cordial and altering ingredients as Alkermes and the confection of violets or of purging ingredients as Triphera Diaprunum and such like which are oftner called by the names of Electuaries and Confections than Opiates Now Opiates were invented by Physicians of ancient note Gal. Opiatae cur inventae cap. 2. lib. 2. de loc affect Aet c. 12. lib. 2. de sign caus diut morb to leniate the rigour of griefes for griefe being a sad passion Dolor quid grievous to nature and hard to be indured it doth variously exagitate humours corrupt the blood accend a fever and deject the spirits Ejus affectus so that the Physician is sometimes compelled to relinquish the former disease that he may cure this great symptome with these presidies which though they take not away the cause of the disease yet they so refresh the senses and spirits by conciliating ease and sleepe that the strength of the symptomes being debated they may afterwards extrude the causes of the disease more easily The vehemencie therefore of grief is to be deceived Doloris vehementia desperationis interdum parens sometimes with Narcoticall Medicaments which is sometimes so prevalent that it drives men to that Madnesse that they had rather dye than live and therefore lay violent hands upon themselves Galen hath observed Cap. 5. lib. 7. comp med loc such vehehement vexations and torments in Coâ—icall dolours Confectiones Coliâ—ae which might be leniated by severall Medicaments that he described certain Narcoticall Opiates and left them to posterity which he called Colical confections which may mitigate the vehemency of the symptome stay the motion of humours and stupify the senses hence they are called Narcoticall opiates because they bring to the parts a certain necrosy or mortification and they are called Annodyna i. e. grief-absolving Medicines because
that to one ounce of Oil be mixed one dram of Powder Olei proportio in unguentorum confectione and two drams of Wax or as Galen saith cap. 2. lib. 4. comp med gener that four times as much Oil as Wax be put in the confection of Unguents and eight times as much Oil as Powder that is to every ounce of Oil must be put a dram of Powder the matter whereof is educed out of dry Herbs Metals and Earth which is mixed with a cold Cerate and stirred with a Spatula till all lumps be levigated When Unguents receive dry juices we must pulverate and dissolve them when liquid and fluent we must mix them with the rest of the matter and by coction absume them Such as may should be pulverated very small as Roots Wood Rosines and sometimes Gums when dryer Such as may not should be beaten with a hot pestel till they be mollified or else dissolved in Vinegar or some fit liquor Such as are more humid as Turpontine should be instilled humid Herbs also and Animals or parts thereof that are scarce pulverable should be perfectly cocted in wine or such liquor till they be tabefied and their humidity almost absumed then must materials be mixed in the strained liquor according to the aforesaid proportion that the Unguent may be of a legitimate consistency wherein Oil and Wax do not onely afford form and a great part of the matter to the Unguent but conjoyn the efficacies of the other mixtures and preserve them longer Now Unguents are made one while by the fire Vnguentum crudum as all such as admit Wax another while onely by long subaction as such that receive no Wax as the crude Unguent or the Unguent of Lithargy which is made of Oil Vinegar and Lithargy coacted by the continual percussion of a pestel There are also differences of Unguents taken from their colour Vnguentarum varietates as green white yellow and orange colour from their effects as resumptive analeptical cleansing from their first qualities whence some are said to be hot as the Unguentum Apostolorum Aegyptiacum Martiatum Enula campane others cold as Unguentum Natritum others dry as Diapompholios desicca Rubruni others moystning as the Unguent of Roses But white Wax is more expetible to the confection of cold and yellow to the confection of hot Unguents But Apothecaries indistinctly take one while white another while yellow as the matter of either will afford more commodity Unguents are reposed in tin boxes Quibus vasis unguenta reponenda and sometimes in earthen pots well glazed and they will keep a whole year sometimes two or three CHAP. III. Of Medicaments of Wax or Ceratum CErata are often designed by Unguents Ceronea by Plaisters by Unguents because softer by Plaisters because harder Both so called because they admit of Wax as many Plaisters which are therefore indistinctly called Ceroneous Plaisters of them that apply Catagmatical Plaisters to all diseases bought in Unguentarians Shops so that Ceroneous Salves are so usual amongst the Vulgar that they call all Salves Ceroneous A certain man in Lutetia calls a certain Plaister Ceroneous which he applyed to all pains and diseases But Ceratum of which we now speak Ceratum quid is a Medicament of a middle consistency betwixt an Unguent and a Plaister not so solid as a Plaister nor so soft as an Unguent But every one augments or diminisheth the weight of Oil and makes this Ceratum either more liquid or more solid than an Unguent as he thinks fit And indeed if it were prepared after one and the same manner it would not be preserved so long safely Olei quantitas in Cerato non semper cadem for though any liquid thing may be easily concrete with cold and frosty weather and a solid Unguent soon melted in hot weather yet we mix more Oil and less Wax in Winter and more Wax and less Oil in Summer in Ceratum But when the constitution of the air is temperate and doth not much exceed the first qualities the fourth part of a pound of Wax or not much more or less should be put to one pound of Oil that the Ceratum may not melt or be thickned by the change of weather Yet it is seldome kept long in Apothecaries Shops because it may at any time and soon be made of Oil and Wax whence it is called Ceratum or more properly Cereole for such as besides Oil and Wax admit other ingredients is not so properly called Ceratum Santalinum and stomachical Ceratum and others which may presently be made as the matter requires of Plaisters melted with Oil when the part affected cannot endure the hardness of a Salve or Plaister Thus is a certain Ceratum called Acopa applyed to the weary nerves and muscles of those that are weak Thus may a Ceratum spread on leather cut according to the proportion of the place affected be applyed to the region of the spleen ventricle liver womb and to broken bones That which is applyed to the spleen must be long Ceratorum efformatio quoad rationem partis affectae and formed like a Neats tongue to the ventricle in form of a buckler and thus it must be proportioned and formed to other parts according to their form and figure In the confection of Cereole the Wax is cut small Cerclaei conficiendi modus and cast into the Oil and then melted on a slow fire after liquation it is taken off and forthwith mixed with a Spatula till it be compact then a little cold water poured on it is stirred again and washed by this percussion for the Ceratum thus compacted by the affusion of so much water as it can drink up and thus accurately madefied it is in Galens opinion cap. 6. lib. 1. de simpl med made more refrigerative and is good for all hot sores especially if it be removed as soon as it is heated Seeing fatness marrow and such like liquid things are added to the Ceratum improperly so called they must be mixed with it while cold as also the powders the proportion whereof to Oil is the same with that in Unguents They may be reposed in tin or clay vessels but it is better to have them new seeing they may soon be made at any time CHAP. IV. Of Plaisters THose topical Medicaments which are coacted into a more solid lump were called by the Arabians Cerota and by the antient Greeks Emplasta Gal. cap. 12. lib. 1. comp medic gen which the later sort for euphonies sake call Emplastra the letter r being added which being detracted their quality sounds not emplastrical but emplastical or emphractical as it were filling up or insartiating For an Emplaster super-induced upon a part seems to shut the pores and passages thereof by the viscidity of its substance and retain the halituous spirits and by constraining the heat of the part sometimes to move suppuration for its glewish substance doth not insinuate into
it self but remaining without doth tenaciously adhere to the passages of the body Yet are not its qualities idle but being moved and helped by the heat of the part they produce several effects c. 9. l. 5. de simpl med if its faculty be to conglutinate it helps the coagulation of wounds in the lips if it be catagmatical it helps the ferrumination of broken bones if it be sarcotical Sarcosis non tam medicamentorum quam naturae est opus herein it helps Nature that it generates flesh more easily which is not so much the effect of Medicaments as of Nature And as the composition of Emplaisters is various and manifold so also is their quality for they are compounded almost of all Medicaments wherefore all are not emphractical or such as fill the pores with their lentor but some are ecphractical as it were purging fractures others episastical or extracting and diaphoretical others chyptical which take away the filth of the skin and ulcers and some that are usefull for many affections as many other Medicaments called polychrestical which consist of contrary Medicaments Gal. initio l. 5. comp med gener An emplastical Medicament should want all mordacity for it can scarce stick to the pores if any sharp or biting quality be in it as Galen cap. 9. lib. 5. comp medic gener but it may be easily discerned by melting some part of it or by attracting some humour from above an Emplastick therefore should be of a terrene substance and viscous There are two main scopes in compounded Emplaisters to be minded that a solid and gross consistency and faculty odour and colour are often desired which rather please the fancy of the diseased than conduce any thing in effect to the nature of the Medicament Wax and common Oil Lithargy and sometimes Rosines do afford a fit consistency and matter but small or no virtue All things almost which are superadded as Minerals Metals Roots Wood Flowers and Seeds give a body and faculty to the Plaister which if they be dry they must be pulverated and mixed with the Plaister removed from the fire if any of them be not friable they are dissolved in some liquor which is absumed by coction before they be mixed with the Plaister or else it is mixed with the Plaister and dissipated by coction afterwards Green herbs which cannot be pulverated are either cocted in their own juice strained and mixed or others are cocted in the juice of these brayed and strained which juice being absumed the strength thereof being left if any remains that will not endure long coction they may be put in and cocted and then mixed with the Plaister But those Emplaisters must be long boyled which receive juice water vinegar wine or some decoction because whereas the Emplaister should be all viscid and thick that it might stick to the place to which it is applyed humidity which is oft mixt with it being contrary to viscidity must be resolved by heat if its quality must needs be retained in the Emplaster for such as are cocted in juices keep their faculties though the juices themselves be dissipated by exhalation Humidity also which is required in confecting Plaisters causes that the virtues of the rest of the ingredients be surer ingrafted and that they be carried to parts further distant Oil indeed is added to the materials of Emplaisters but not as to constitute their body but that the Wax might be melted with it and that it might obtund the sharp and austere ingredients and that the Emplaisters may obtain a more pleasant and leniating faculty Simple old Oil and Oil made by infusion as also any compound Oil may be put into the Emplaister that besides its matter it may also afford some virtue thereunto Wax as also some Rosines allow onely matter to Emplaisters no power to act Yet such Emplasters as have other matter analogical to them as Frankincense and * * * The dew of Lada Labdanum or such like Medicaments admit of no Wax nor Rosines in their composition But if Wax ingrede the Emplaister let it be melted in Oil if Lithargy let that also be boyled in Oil and if Juices Liquors or other such like must be mixed with it let them also be warmed with these till the watry and humid portion be resolved then let Rosines and Fat 's be induced as also Gums whereof some are mixed simply with it others after maceration in Wine Oil or Vinegar and percolation When the Plaister is throughly boyled and taken from the fire let Turpentine be mixed therewith that it may not feel any force of fire Last of all when all these are confounded and cocted to a legitimate consistency and refrigerated let the Powders be by little and little scattered above all and diligently agitated and moved with a Spatula till all be compact into a mass neither too soft nor too hard but viscid glewish and adherent yet not so as to inquinate the part to which it adheres nor to be hardly divelled from the place whereunto it is applyed And that the form of it may exist in a due consistency the quantity of Oil must be diminished when Fat 's Marrows and Turpentine are admitted in its confection and augmented when dry Gums friable Juices Rosines and dry Wood or Minerals that may be pulverated are mixed therewith In dry Ingredients the Oil must be thus proportioned Olci proportio in emplastrorum confectura to every ounce of Powder must be allowed three ounces of Oil to Wax the fourth part of as much Oil as the Wax is in quantity will serve so that to a pound of Wax we put a quarter of a pound of Oil. But because this quantity in the tempering of most Emplaisters may be better designed by ones judgement than defined by certain rules they now adayes put to a definite quantity of Oil and Powders as much Wax as will suffice that these liquid dry and viscid ingredients being by malaxation coagulated a fit viscous and glewish mass of Emplaisters may be induced Out of which mass are formed rowls of Plaisters of half an ounce or a whole ounce weight which being involved in oiled papers are reposed in the Apothecaries Shop for future uses Thus also are Emplaisters properly so called made which are prepared without Fire and Wax whose materials malaxated in Honey or some viscid matter are coagulated into the consistency of an Emplaister as Emplastra de crusta panis and de baccis lauri or other such common Emplaisters which are a medium betwixt Plaisters and Cataplasms That Ceratum confected of an equal weight of Wax and Honey is also referred to Emplaisters as also Cerotum or Ceronea of which before CHAP. V. Of Sparadraps THere is to be sold in many Shops a Cloth plaistered on both sides which the later Writers call a Sparadrap Tela Galterii sometimes also Galterius his Cloth peradventure because he was the Inventor or rather Infector thereof Which is thus made a
glass Unguents 〈◊〉 pots Thus every one requires a Repository convenient to its nature CHAP. XII Of the conservation and duration of Medicaments AS we do not use to confect Compounds so neither do we gather Simples for one dosis but select and prepare a greater quantity of each for future uses which that they may be safe from dust fumes putrefaction or injuries by the air or insects as by Flyes Mice and the like we repose in fit Vessels or include in Bags or involve in Papers and keep all in our Pharmacopoly except such as require a more humid or more dry place as Cassia a Wine-cellar Sugar Conditures Junkets and most Sweet meats an Oven or Closet near the fire Many for their conservation must be condited with Vinegar Salt or both as Cucumbers Capers Olives or with Sugar or Honey as all kinde of Medicaments whereof Electuaries or Syrups are composed Decoctions will keep in Summer two or three dayes in Winter a whole week distilled Waters and Conserves a whole year Syrups perfectly cocted Electuaries Trochisks Pills Oils Unguâ—nts and Salves will often keep two years as also Roots Woods Barks dry Juices Tears and Gums three years and sometimes four Elateries thirty years Nails Bones Horns an age Some can scarce be long preserved without the presence of those things with which they hold familiarity as the Magnet with Iron with whose limature it is nourished and upon whose absence it decayes and loses its vigour Others better preserve their faculties if by the appropinquation of other things they be vindicated from the injury of the air and worms Thus Camphyre buried in Linseed is safely kept Limmons and Oranges in a heap of Wheat will not so soon putrefy and Mechoacams root involved in Wormwood keeps its faculties entire and will not be so easily croded Musk and Civet are safely conserved in lead boxes but that they should resartiate their lost virtue by suspension in the middle of a Bog-house Platearius his advice derided Platearius his nose can only finde Saffron Cloves Pepper Mace and other aromatical Spices are best conserved in leather bags Storax Belzoin in glass boxes Sanders sweet Aloes Mastick Schaenantum Seeds and innumerable more in Costers oâ— wooden Boxes of which more in our Shop Medicaments therefore as well simple as compound if they be thus sedulously conserved will endure long if not they soon fade and decay But the greatest part of these should be changed every year yet if any change not their colour odour and sapour they need not Now those keep longest which are of a gross substantiality and whose qualities tenaciously and firmly adhere to their substances as on the contrary those do not endure long whose substance is rare as Flowers and those whose virtues are superficial and dissipable Yet those are kept better and longer which are included in close Boxes or Vessels well operculated for so their virtue is retained more securely Many think that Antidotes against the poyson of Beasts are safest kept in leaden Vessels which in Galen's time were reposed in pretious and now in earthen Vessels CHAP. XIII Of such as by a certain Antinomasia are preferred before others from which their denomination is desumed THat God might free Man from those eruâ—nies and egritudes wherewith he is daily pestered he hath adorned the Earth like a little Paradise or rich Garden with innumerable Herbs and Plants that by their pleasant odour refocillate his spirits by their variegated colours recreate his eyes which in sanity allow him nutriment in fickness resreshment and liberty from the all commanding Tyrant Death In which plentifull Soyl many of the same kinde fruicate and occur us which being indistinguishable because of their similarity in form and quality have obtained the same denomination For who can disâ—inguish of the infinite sorts of Flowers and Grass who can define their number or describe the differences of Gerania Heriatum Anemones Daffadils and many more Plants in whose various variety Nature seems to delight it self Now since some of these are absolutely described without any addition of particular or peculiar description those must alwayes be elected and used which Experience hath proved better And this Theorem must be perpetually observed in such as have some analogy among themselves that that be alwayes assumed which is best in every kinde as when we describe Aloes simply we mean Alâ—e sâ—ccatrine And that I may give you a few examples for many When we put Vinegar simply we do not mean that they may take Beer but Wine-vinegar when Balsam we mean Egyptian Balsam when Benioin we mean that same which from its white spots like Almonds is called Amygdalite And when we put Cassia absolutely Cassia Fistula must be exhibited when Coral red which is accounted best So also the rest are understood of the best of that kinde as Dittany Of The Cretensian Dittany Aristolochy Of Round Sweet root Of Liquorice Endive Of Broad-leav'd Succory Epithyme Of Woodbind growing about Thyme Fenicle Of Fennel Earth gall Of The lesser Centaury Gum Of Arabick Pomegranate Of Acid. Hepatica Of Liverwort Ivy Of Corymbiferous Jasmine Of White Henbane Of White Lettice Of Garden Lilly Of White and bulbous Horebound Of White Mint Of Garden Githe Of The seed onely Water-lilly Of White Cresses Of The seed onely Oil Of Olive Opium Of Thebane Poppy Of White Polypody Of the Oke The lesser Quercle Of Germander The greater Plantain Of Ribwort Rose Of Red. Meadow-green Of Meadow-sweet Staechados Of Arabick Santalum Of The Citron Longwort Of White Turpentine Of Venetian Betony Of Masculine Violet Of Black or rather ceruleout Xyloaloes Of Blackish Iris Of Florentinian Ginger Of Malvaticall which is the best and most sought of by Persians Arabians and Barbarians CHAP. XIV Of such Roots Seeds Flowers Stones and Waters as excell others in dignity MAny Simples of several kinds have symbolical qualities and yet Experience hath demonstrated that some of them excell others and are more convenient for the profligation of diseases as being endued with a better altering roborating or purging faculty and exhibiting more successfull effects of which are some Plants or parts thereof and some Minerals which being absolutely described put the Apothecary upon doubts Radices aperientes majores who is ignorant of the genuine dilucidation whose tenuity that we may auxiliate we will give him the names of the five opening roots Radices aperitive majores and they are the roots of Smallage Sperage Parsley Fennel and Butchers-broom Besides which other five are much celebrated to wit the roots of Grass the greater Madder Oenone Capers and Eryngium The four greater or colder seeds are the seeds of Limons Semina frigida 4. majora Gourds Melons and Cucumbers the four lesser of Lettices Purslain Endive and Succory The four greater or hotter seeds Semina calida majora totidem minora are of Anise Fennel Cummin and Carraway the four less hot of Ameos our Ladies Rose Smallage Carret Cordial
to detect least some unskilfull Apothecary be deceived by such circumforaneous prestigiatours who often sell the flowers of Carthamus for Crocus and Ivory for Monocerots horn and similate many more especially rare and precious Medicaments whose use is frequent and vertues eximious Least therefore the Apothecary in whose hand the life or death of a patient is be imprudently circumduced by these wicked slaves for lucres sake to circumvent the patient I le shew him how to detect and avoid these impious frauds and deceits A lump of Kids blood kneaded in hot bread pulverised Moschi adulterium and Ladanum dissolved and kept in a box after they are mixed wherein true musk had been reposed doth much similate musk yet it may be detected by its consistency colour and odour which soon failes in the fictitious The powder of Xyloaloes Benjoin Storax Ambra and Ladanum mixed together similate together But the peculiar native odour of genuine Amber may be easily diseerned from these Moreover Amber by long attrition in ones hands becomes more friable these more soft The barke of Tamariske Cinamomi macerated in Cinamon water and dryed very much similates Cinamon but the taste will difference them Cloves that are inodorous by age will become fragrant by madefaction in wine Caryo byllorum wherein good Cloves have been macerated but this acquired odour is fugacious Rosin Belzoin Frankincense and a little Storax mixed together do fraudulently similate Belzoin but as they differ in odour so also in colour the spurious being full of white spotts Some instead of Camphyre sell the gum of Juniper Camshora but none can be thus imposed upon but such as are very ignorant for any one that 's conversant with Aesculapius may at the first sight detect the fraud Opobalsamum with a little oyle doth very much represent liquidambar Osoâ—alsamo â—â—u danbar assâ—â—e wherewith it has affinity in its faculties and this hath been so peritely adulterated that it hath deceived the most experienced in Paris The Orientall Earth Terra Lemmia orientalis called Terra Lemnia is represented by Bole or common Argill dryed pulverated kneaded with Plantain water made into pastills and signed with the great Turks sigill with which Character much comes from Bellonium but the falsity will be deprehended if both be washed with water for the water of Terra Lemnia will be fatter the other more limpid and tenuious They vitiate Bitumen also by the mixture of pitch Bitumen but the fire will discover it for that which hath pitch in it will emit a pleasant odour Opii Opium is similated by Meconium or the juice of the leaves and stalk of black Poppy but the errour may be discerned by the fatnesse which is much in the genuine none in the adulterate Manna Thuris may easily be adulterated Manna thuris since the powder of Rosin doth much resemble it but fire detects the fraud Tacamahaca Tacamahaca is adulterated with Gum Elemi which is very like the true one for they respond in colour consistency and odour only the one is a little more pleasant to the nose Sagapene Galbanum Opoponax and Serapinum being common are seldom adulterated But Bedellium being more rare is adulterated by course Mirrh and so imposed upon idiots Sassafras was unknown of old in Europe which at its first allation was sold dear and was thereupon much sophisticated I knew a man that sold the powder of Box-wood and Fennell-seed for the powder of saffafras but when plenty of the genuine was conveyed the adulteration ceased Some knaves sell an Oxes heart-bone for a Harts heart-bone but they that know both approve of the Harts and reject the other as endued with no eximious vertue Some substitute great plums for Tamarinds but they do ill in calling them Tamarinds since they differ so apertly in shell pulpe and sapour I could detect the adulteration and manner thereof of a thousand other Medicaments out of Dioscorides and other as well ancient as modern Writers but I hold it better toconceale them since man is so prone to evill and so perite to deceive this I le say by the way that waters liquors juices and compound Medicaments may be easily adulterated simples especially integrall ones not so easily The end of the fourth Book OF PHARMACEUTICAL INSTITUTIONS The fifth Book Of the formes of Medicaments whose use is celebrous in precaution and profligation of diseases THE FIRST SECTION Of such as are assumed at the mouth THE PREFACE AS many Aliments are condited with mixture of severall things and prepared with laborious artifice that they may be long conserved without petretude and marcour as Pastyes Puddings many farciments and biscake on which the Mariners feed sometimes by the space of two years while they sayle to the Indies or as that same Powder or meale which the Turkish Souldiers carry in their Zones made like knapsacks which they knead with water and coct to the consistence of a pultis and so feed upon it a whole moneth Others being conservative not above a day or two and some not above an houre without alteration So many Medicaments will endure in integrall strength for the space of a year or two being conserved in Pharmacopolyes as in a rich store-house for future uses Others not enduring without dammage the space of two dayes in Summer as those which are prepared for present use whereof we have determined in order to discourse in this our last Book beginning with them that are intrinsecally assamed either by the mouth or other convenient place as Nose Fundament and the like which are variously compounded not only according to the variety of the nature of the disease but also of the part affected which must have some one some another consistency that they may be more commodiously applyed more fitly adhere or with more ease be deferred to the part affected as potibles must be liquid edibles solid and applicatives indifferent all which that we may severally prosecute we will begin with potulents and then describe other more solid Medicaments in this first Section we will in the second subjoyn a speciall treatise of such as are injected into the belly or uterus in the third we will describe those Medicaments which are applyed to the extrinsecall parts of the body CHAP. I. Of some ordinary decoctions common by their long use Sometimes the substance alone sometimes the juice sometimes the decoction of the Medicament is administred which decoction that it may be more easily and successefully assumed must be of simple distilled or other convenient water or humour as the intention of the Physician and exigency of the matter requires Now the liquor wherein the decoction is made that must be assumed at the mouth of which alone we now speak should be endued with no insuave or violent quality For potulent decoctions made in the juice of Wormewood lesser Centory immature grapes or Lee or vinegar are neither safe nor
industrious dexterity have secured and many experiences have proved though the Antients either were ignorant of them neglected them or administred them unduely as now adayes many malevolent Circulators who kill innumerable with their Stibium that is ill prepared and exhibited in an undue dosis neither when nor to whom it is meet And that I may return to my purpose Quam varia catharticorum dosis some Catharticks are given onely in a small dosis as Colocynthis and Hellebor by a few grains or scruples others by drams as Rheum others by ounces as Manna Cassia Tamarinds A Dosis then denotes a quantity of a Medicament fit to be exhibited at once as when any Medicament of three or four ounces at the most is made into the form of a potion Decoction or distilled wherein we dilute Roboratives as Powders Antidotes and Cordial Confections or infuse Catharticks as Agarick or dissolve them as Catholicon or Diacarthamum whereof every one hath its peculiar dosis whereby it should be given in greater or lesser quantity as it is of weak or valid faculties But to describe every of these according to the nature and quality of every Medicament and body were to comprehend the whole method of Medicine CHAP. III. Of a purgative Potion EVery kinde of Medicaments may be given in any form but not so fit perhaps to cure a Disease or help any part The most usual form of such as free the passages of obstructions deduce the vessels Purgantia cur in forma potabili convenientiora and provoke monthly flowers and urine is liquid But those especially that are purgative require a more potable form for hereby they more promptly diffuse themselves more easily ingrede the small veins and more efficaciously deduce the humour inhering in those parts For one dram of a solid Medicament diluted with some humour Catharticum liquidum citius ducit will move the belly more than twice as much of it whole Wherefore when we say a purgative Medicament absolutely we mean a laxative Potion whose dosis should seldome exceed three ounces lest by moving the ventricle it be presently excluded by vomit Now purgative Potions are various according to the various nature of the Medicaments and humours to be educed For every humour except blood which is vacuated onely by the section of some vein or artery hath its proper eductive Cathartick that which purges Choler is called a Cholagogous that which purges Melancholy Melanagogous and Phlegm a Phlegmagogous Medicament And of each of these whether simple or compound are made purgative Potions when they are macerated infused dissolved or cocted in some fit liquor as to educe Choler thus ℞ of the roots of Succory Sorrel Liquorice an ʒ ij of Endive Cholagogon Fumitory Agrimony an m. ss of the three cordial Flowers an p. j. let a Decoction be made in a small quantity of water wherein infuse of Rhabarb ʒ ij ss of Orange colour'd Sanders ℈ ss dissolve in the expression Syrup of Violets ʒ vj. and make a potion thereof When a stronger Purge is required either you may augment the quantity of the things or take a stronger Medicament as this ℞ of Diaprun dissolved or Electuary of the juice of Roses ʒ iij. Alia potio validior let it be dissolved in ℥ iij. of the fore mentioned Decoction or of Endive water put to it of the syrup of Succory compounded with Rhabarb ℥ j. and make a Potion Phlegm may be deduced by many Medicaments as well simple as compound as well as Choler whereof I shall take these few prescriptions in stead of many examples ℞ Polypody of the Oak Grass roots Raisons stoned of each ʒ iij. of the seeds of Carthamus ʒ ij Germander Ground-pine Betony of each m. ss of Anise seed ʒ j. make a Decoction in which boyl on a slow fire of the leaves of Senny ʒ ij ss in the colature infuse of Agarick ʒ j. ss in the expression dissolve of the syrup of white Roses ʒ j. make a Potion thereof In such a Decoction after colation you may dilute of the Electuary of Diacarthamus ʒ iij orʒ ss of the syrup of damask Roses ℥ j. that it may be a Potion Senny Rhabarb and Polypody vacuate flegm also and so do Turbitum Carthamus seed Colocynthis Widow-wail Veratrum album white Hellebor the seed and root of Wall-wort Benedicta Laxativa and Diaphoenicum whereof a perite Artificer may make various purgative Potions Melancholy also hath its peculiar Catharticks as Epithymum Melancholiam quae ducunt Azure stone Senny black Hellebor and amongst the compounds the Confection Hamech Catholicum Diasenna and King Sabor's syrup Of one or more whereof dissolved infused or cocted in some convenient liquor a purgative Medicament may be confected as thus ℞ Barks and roots of Capers and Tamarisks roots of Bugloss Melanagogon optimum Liquorice Raisons and Currens of each ʒ iij. of whole Barley ʒ ss Cateras Maiden hair Marigolds Borrage of each m. ss of the three cordial Flowers of each p. j. of which make a Decoction wherein infuse Senna ℥ ss sweet Fennel seeds ʒ j. in the Colature dissolve syr Regis Saboris ℥ j. make it into a Potion Or ℞ Liquorice Raisons stoned an ʒ iij. Jujubs nu vj. Epithymus Spleenwort tops of Hops Wood sorrel Fumatory an m. 〈◊〉 Broom flowers p. ij make a Decoction in which dissolve Confectio Hamech ʒ j. ss Diasenna ʒ ij syrup of Violets ʒ vj. or ◠j. make it into a Potion Catholicum also is usefull to purge Melancholy Catholicum polychrestum est for being universally commodious to purge any noxious humour it easily accommodates it self to those wherewith it is mixed as if it be mixed with Rhabarb it purges Choler if diluted in the decoction of Senny o◠mixed with the confection of Hamech it purges Melancholy CHAP. IV. Of Juleps THE acception of Julep and Syrup with the Arabians is almost one and the same for they confound them together and speak of them under the same head or Chapter understanding nothing more by an absolute Julep than Sugar dissolved in Rose water and cocted to the consistency of a Syrup But we speaking more distinctly treat of them both but in several Chapters and Books to wit of Syrups which should be inspissated by a longer coction in our Officine but of Juleps which should be but lightly cocted and presently assumed in this our Book of Medicinal Receipts Now Julep is a Persian word Julep quid signifying a sweet Potion which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and they make it of any distilled dulcorate water as of Syrups of the juice or decoction of Simples elixated with Sugar or Honey to a more crass consistency Serapio that he might eschew the insuavity of all odour and sapour confected a Julep or rather Hydrosacharum of Water and Sugar onely which he calls a simple Syrup Avicenna to conciliate more suavity adds thereto a third part of Rose-water Mesue
make it up into a paste but know that if you put a little too much syrup to it you will make its consistence more liquid and so instead of paste make an opiate CHAP. XVII Of Mazapane MAzapane or Marchypane is a confection so named by the more recent which is a most frequent junket for it is most gratefull to the gust and nourishes very much wherefore it is prescribed to the macilent and such persons as are vexed with any preternaturall affection in the breast or Lungs Many bechicall and sweet ingredients go to this confection as sugar pistack-nutts pine-kernells and other sweet fruits which brayed and accurately subacted with simple or rose-water become a masse whereof wafers or morsells Marcipanis quibus constet as Rondelet calls them are concinnated which are gently cocted in an Oven till of red they become yellow and acquire a competent hardnesse The vulgar manner of this confecture with the dulciaryes is most simple as being made onely of Almonds rose-water and sugar But Apothecaries by a Physicians advice adde something to these which hath respect to some one part which tempers some noxious humour and by its nutritive as well as Medicinall faculty preserves as well as resartiates sanity The most usuall and pleasant confection of Mazapane is this ℞ Sweet Almonds decorticated ℥ iij. Pistakes ℥ j. Marcipanis optimus bruise them very well in a morter with a little Rose-water add thereunto the finest sugar lb ss fiat pasta which you may make into what forme you please Marchepane after this manner is usuall also and very accomodate to expell flatuosity ℞ Pistakes ℥ j. blanched Almonds ℥ ij Anifeseedʒ i. Cinamon ℈ i. after they are finely beaten add of the finest loafe sugar four ounces and so make it up into a paste which if by too much water it be too liquid let it fervefy in a bason on a slow fire till it be more crasse then make Marchpane which dry a little in the Oven after bread hath been extracted Those little long masses of bread which are confected of flower and thrice or four times as much sugar with a little Coriander Panis biscoctus and a small portion of eggs subacted together may by some affinity be referred hither which they commonly call Biskakes But I would not put my sickle into another mans harvest therefore I will leave these sweet breads to the confectioners CHAP. XVIII Of Piniolates or Pignolates ANother kind of paste is made almost after the same manner which the Neotericks call Piniolate or Pignolate because it s made of Pine kernells cleansed and immerged in melted sugar and cocted to the consistency of condite sugar But that the Pine kernells may depose all their rancour they should be macerated a whole day or half at least in water and Rose-water should be dropt into the confection for so it will be more gratefull to the gust as also to the smell if a grain of Muske be mixed therewith as we see in many junketts which are set at the head of the table the most usuall forme of confecting pineolates is this ℞ Of the finest sugar dissolved and cocted in Rose water till it be about the consistency of an Electuary lb ss mingle with ℥ ii of Pine kernells infused in water for the space of twelve houres afterward stir them together with a spatula that the whole masse may be subigated in the end add mosch ℈ i. and so make a paste whereof you may make Cylinders which repose and exsiccate on a paper that they may grew harder CHAP. XIX Of Pandalea THere is another kind of solid paste called Pandaleon which is by Rondeletius prescribed to the affections of the breast and lungs for it consists of many things that attenuate and coct viscid humours and move expectoration and all Pandaleas seem to be bechicall nothing differing from pectorall Ecclegmes and syrups save in consistency nor from solid Electuaryes save in externall forme for they are compounded made and cocted after the same manner onely solid Electuaries are harder and are rolled out into quadrate or long figures and Pandaleas are kept whole in a woodden box as conserves in a glasse or earthen vessell and when use calls for them they are cut with a spoon or knife and a piece thereof given to be retained in the mouth like so much Alphenix or bechicall Tablets that it may melt and go down like a lohoch It hath the same consistency and is kept in the like vessells as those same sugared confections or comfitures usuall and frequent in Spain which they call Marmelades They are made commonly of some sweet powder and sugar perfectly concocted in some convenient water that they may concrete Some conserves are sometimes added and a little honey if need require and such a Pandalcon how ever displeasing it may be to some mens palate is very good and is thus confected ℞ Pul Diaireos Salomonis ʒ i. diatrag frigid ℈ ii powder of yellow Sanders ℈ i. sugar dissolved in Coltsfoot-water ℥ iiij fiat Pandaleon which keep in Marmalet Boxes Some also make a Pandalcon of Pine kernells or Almonds decorticated and brayed with sugar or honey thus ℞ Pine kernells well cleansed and bruised ℥ i. Penidees ℥ ss clarified honey as much as will suffice to make it up into a sollid paste or Pandalcon CHAP. XX. Of Hypoglottidian Medicaments commonly called sublingues THe cough and stinch of breadth molest all that are neere us seeing the cough affronts their ears and the stinch their noses now certain bechicall and Aromaticall pastilles will cure both affections which from their round and long forme which Apothecaries put them in and that same quality which is predominant in them whereby they expectorate the humour causing coughing are called bechicall from the manner of their use Hypoglottidian and from the odour which they acquire by Mosche Moschardine Medicaments They are very pleasant which are thus confected ℞ Of the finest sugar ℥ j. ss Penidees ℥ ss orrisʒ ss yellow Sanders Cinamon of each ℈ i. mosch ℈ ss with musiladg of Gum Thragants made in Rose water make them up into a paste of which forme any figure long round or what will lye most conveniently under the tongue The description is both easy and good ℞ Sugar of Roses ℥ ii sugar Candy ℥ i. starchʒ i. spec diacinamon diamisi and orris of each ℈ i. mace ℈ ss Zivet gr vi with the musiladge of Gum Thraganth made in Balme water fiant Hypoglottides CHAP. XXI Of Tables or Tabuletts TAbells pertaine to solid Electuaries yea they are very Electuaryes being confected of powders and sugar perfectly cocted that their consistency may be harder and they longer and more securely preserved without damage and impairement The like quantity of sugar is required in confecting tables Sacchari quantitas in tabellis as of honey in liquid electuaries and in both the quantity is augmented or substracted as the validity or imbecillity of the
Electuaries faculty requires In purgative tables one dragm of powder must be put to an ounce of sugar duely cocted in water or other convenient liquour Portio Sacchari in tabellis purgantibus in roborative tables that they may be more gratefull to the palate more sugar is requisite as two ounces of sugar to every dragm of powder I shall onely hint here a little of tables in this book since I have Cap. 11. lib. 3. at large discoursed not onely of liquid Electuaryes but solid also and tabells in the description of such Medicaments as may be long preserved Yet that I may suggest the formes of all Medicaments to him that would confect them I will adde some few receipts of roborative tabells as ℞ Cordiall Tabulets Spec. Elect. diamarg. frigid de Gemmis anaʒ ss powder of the bone in the heart of a Hart ℈ ss Spodium ℈ i. with sugar dissolved in Rose water ℥ iii. make them into Tabulets ofʒ i. orʒ ii weight take one of them every morning fasting Such as are rich and begin to recover from some long disease or are any way troubled with palpitations and swoundings let them get these tabells confected ℞ Pul. Aureae Alexandrinaeʒ ss diacinam hyacinthor smaragdor pearle finely powdered of each ℈ i. Monoceros horn and Bezoar stone of each ℈ ss with sugar dissolved in Rose water ℥ iiii make them into little Tabuletts Those tabells they call Manus Christi are reducible to this head which are nothing else but Sacharum rosatum either simple as the common or more compound which admitts of Pearls in its confection and is called Manus Christi perlata which is thus confected ℞ Manus Christi perlata Of the whitest sugar dissolved in Rose water and cocted till above the consistency of a syrup ℥ ii pearl finely powderedʒ i. fiant Tabella CHAP. XXII Of Powders BEsides those powders kept in shops for future uses whereof we have spoken elsewhere there many others which are made for present use as the digestive powder which helps the frigidity of the ventricle Pulvis digestivus and the imbecility of the coctive faculty being confected of such Medicaments as are stomachicall roborative help concoction and dispell flatuosity and it is thus made ℞ The seeds of Dill and Coriander prepared of eachʒ ii Orange pill Conditedʒ i ss Pulvis flatus discutiens Cinamonʒ i. Mace Cloves of eachʒ ss sugard Candy ℥ ii or iii. make of these a powder Another Powder also of eximious power and vertue to roborate the ventricle and parts addicted to sanguification and dissipate flatuosity is thus confected ℞ The seeds of sweet Fennell and Coriander Condited of eachʒ i ss Squinant Calomus aromatic an ʒ ss Dianisi Diamargar frigid and Diacinamon of each ℈ i. A crust of Bread well toasted ʒ ii sugar ℥ ii make them into a powder Cordiall and Alexiteriall powders that roborate the principall parts and faculties in malignant feavers may be thus confected ℞ The roots of Angelico Tormentill of eachʒ ss A Cordiall Powder Ligni Aloes ℈ i. Citron seeds and Cinamon of each ℈ ss the bone in the heart of a Hart burnt Ivory the best pearle of each ℈ i. Monoceros horne Bezoar stone of each ℈ ss Dictamusʒ ss sugar of Roses ℥ i ss make of them a powder which must be taken fasting or long after meat with the water of Scordium or Carduus or some distilled restrative or other convenient liquor There are also topicall powders which are applyed to solidate wounds and implete ulcers with flesh of which in their place THE SECOND SECTION Of such as are either ingested or injected CHAP. I. Of Errhins ALL Medicaments are either assumed ingested or applyed Juleps Apozemes Syrups and all such as enter only at the mouth whereof we have before treated are assumed Errhins Suppositories and Clysters are ingested Unguents Salves Fomentations and many more whereof we shall now treat in order are applyed we begin with such as ingrede the body but not at the mouth but the nose privy parts or fundament and have their egresse where they made their ingresse Those which are immitted at the nose are thence called Errhins and vulgarly Nasalia those which are exhibited at the nose to purge the head are thence commonly called caputpurgia by the suffrage of Chyrurgicall Medicks They are constituted of Medicaments indued with a sharp and exterging faculty whereby the expulsive faculty being more validly excited moves and expells the humour lodged in the brain such as be the qualities of Bete Sow-bread wild Cucumber and the juice of Marjoram as also the powder of Euphorbium Hellebore and Pepper and of such like sharp Medicaments which snuffed up the nostrills move sternutation and purge the brain some also consist of astrictive and agglutinative Medicaments as those which are prescribed to stay a bloody flux They are given in divers formes either liquid which must be attracted by the nose or solid which must be ingested into the nostrills or pulverall which must be snuffed up A liquid Errhin is thus confected ℞ A l'quid Errhine Of the juice of the root of Beet and the leaves of majoran of each ℥ i. of the juice of Brank ursine and Sow-bread of each ℥ ss fiat Errhinum let a portion of it as ℥ ss be attracted in the morning up your nose again and again still keeping water in your mouth least the Errhin from the nose flowinto your mouth Some are given in forme of an unguent which they daub on the interiour part of the nostrills and they are good for such as are troubled with continuall headache with bad eyes Epilepsy and dulnesse of smell their bodyes bring first duely purged and they are made thus ℞ Of wild Cucumber Pellitory of each ℈ j. white Pepper An Erhine in the form of an Unguent Carpesium or Cubebs and stavesacre of each ʒ ss with a little oil of orris and wax make it up into a liniment A solid Errhine to stay the bleeding of ones nose is thus made ℞ Bole-Armenick Draggons blood of eachʒ j. Roses Balaustians of eachʒ ss and with a little whites of eggs well beaten make them up into the Consistency of a sollid Errhin or immerge therein a little Hares down or cotten and make it like a tent to be put up the nose in a pyramidall forme to which annexe a thread that you may extract it at your pleasure Ptarmicall or neezing powder when it s used for Errhins is thus described ℞ Hellibor both white and black of eachʒ i. Euphorbium ℈ ss dryed orrisʒ ss make of these a very fine powder let a small portion thereof be snuffed up the nose after a convenient Catharticke CHAP. II. Of Pessi or Pessaries BY the name Pessus or Pessarium we understand all those suppositoryes which are immitted into the privy parts which are by Hyppoerates called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as unguents plaisters roots or bruised hearbs and penicills but
the heart of the waters of Bugloss Scabious Cardaus Sorrel Roses of each ℥ iij. spec diamarg. frigid Triasant of eachʒ j. ss Powder of Tormentill Gentian Dictamus and grains of Kermes of eachʒ ss with which besprinkle a linnen cloth and apply it hot to the region of the heart The Antients much commended the use of Scarlet cloth which is not approved of by the more recent because in its tincture it is infected with much Arsenick but I approve of it in poysonous diseases seeing poysons in such a case are often salutiferous CHAP. VII Of Lotion WE understand not by Lotion here a bath of cold water as Oribasius cap. 7. lib. 1. and Paulus cap. 51. lib. 1. do but the ablution of some particular member in some medicinal decoction to take away its filth correct its distemper digest its humour roborate its parts mitigate its dolour and to conciliate sleep This Decoction will by ablution of the head kill Lice ℞ Staves-acre ℥ ij Wormwood Tansy Betony A Lotion to kill lice the lesser Centanry of each m. ij Coloquintide seeds ℥ ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till a third part be consumed and with a sponge wash his head This Lotion will denigrate the hairs of hoary heads which I prescribe to such old women as would not betray their age to their husbands by their whiteness ℞ The bark of Oke and Elm of each ℥ ij Galls ℥ ij the bark of Wallnuts lb. ss the leaves of the Pomegranate tree and Mirtle of each m. ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water adde thereunto Alum◠℥ ij Vitriol ℥ j. after the Colature wash the hairs therewith letting it dry in the Sun Yet Galen cap. 1. lib. 1. de comp med loc professes that he never exhibited any thing to such as adorned themselves for their own or others delight for this were all one as to paint a Sepulcher In times past men washed their heads more frequently than now adayes which caused of late this Proverb Wash your head never feet seldome hands often This Lotion made of the decoction of such Simples will mitigate calour and soporate the senses will by ablution of the feet therein conciliate sleep ℞ Lettice m. iij. Betony Water-lillyes of each m. ij Poppy flowers A Lotion to wash the feet to cause rest m. j. boyl them in water and wash the feet therewith CHAP. VIII Of an Embroche or Aspersion BY Embrochation we mean the irrigation of some part affected with some Oil Decoction or Liquor accommodated to the cure of that distemper distilled thereon like rain and hence Embroche from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to rain This Medicament according to Aetius cap. 172. ser 3. tetr 1. is used when bathing is for some circumstances prohibited And as it is the decoction of Poppy and Chamemile it conduces much to such as are infested with night-watches feavers and delirations Archigenes seeing his Master Agathinus to rave because of his long wakes freed him both from his deliry and wakings by irrigating his head with much hot Oil. These irrigations seem to differ from foments onely in this that they are distilled upon the part from on high the foments being onely applyed thereunto by sponges cloaths or in bags Now according to Oribasius Prigatio cap. 23. lib. 9. we use irrigation onely when some inflammation must be resolved or ulcer suppurated Aspersion but aspersion in washing the face and in hot feavers and that in Summer with cold water in Winter with warmer Yet in more simple Feavers as also in the subversion of the stomack we use water mixed with vinegar in aspersion We use aspersions also to cure eyes infested with fluxes by the decoction of Basil which is most efficacious subjecting a dry sponge under the chin lest the water 〈◊〉 down to the breast An Embroche or Irrigation is compounded of Simples cocted i◠Wine Water Lees or Oil as this same for the Lethargy ℞ Embroche capitis Cyperus Calamus Aromaticus Orris Bay tree of each ℥ ss Sage Rosemary Penniroyal Calamint Staechados of each m. ss Squinant Coriander seed Cummin seed of eachʒ ij boyl these in three pints of water till the third part be consumed adde to the Colature Aqua vitae ℥ iij. besprinkle this on the head An Irrigation to conciliate sleep consists of Simples endued with quite contrary qualities and is thus made ℞ Lettice m. ij Water-lillyes white Roses of each m. j. Poppy flowers Betony of each m. ss boyl these and let the Colature be sprinkled on the head To Irrigation we may refer the Stillicide or Laver of medicated waters but it is not now our intention to treat thereof but will proceed CHAP. IX Of a Liniment ALiniment is of a middle consistency betwixt an Unguent and Oil being more liquid than an Unguent Linimenium quid and more crass than Oil for it admits of a very little Wax and Fat in its confection and therefore is not fluid without incalescence at the Fire or Sun Its basis i◠Oil whereunto sometimes is added a little of refinous Fat with Wax yet not so much but it still retains its soft consistency for a Liniment is nothing but a very soft Unguent to the confection whereof any Oil may be assumed so it be accommodated with faculties requisite to the intended scope And therefore almost every Liniment being paregorical and lenitive is confected either of simple Oil or of Oil of Almonds Violets or such like which will not excessively alter any temper as this same to abate the dolour of the side in a Pleurisy ℞ Oil of sweet Almonds ℥ ij ss fresh Butter ℥ j. Litus ad pleuritidem a little Wax to make it up into a Linctus anoint the side therewith Now to mitigate some dolour caused by a frigid humour some Oil must be assumed which is calid in the same degree that it may correct the humours distemper As on the contrary this Liniment made of refrigerating Oils will amend the distemper and asswage the dolour caused by a calid humour ℞ Oil of Water-lillyes ℥ ij ss Oil of Roses ℥ ss Waxʒ iij. Let them be melted for a Liniment ℞ Oil of Violets ℥ ii the musilidge of Marsh-mallow roots or Linsud ℥ i. a little Wax to make it a Liniment and apply it to the part affected This Liniment will mitigate a cold distemper ℞ Oil of Chamomile and Dill of each ℥ i. ss Ducks fat ℥ i. A Litus for a cold distemper Wax ʒ iii. let these be melted together and make a Liniment CHAP. X. Of Mucagines or Musliges BEcause there is often mention made of Mucagines which are either applyed alone or mixed with other Medicaments our Institution leads us now to speak a little thereof Now this Mucilage is efficacious in mollifying humectating and leniating some dolour as that same which is extracted from glutinous roots and seeds sometimes it digests and attracts as
that same which is educed out of many gums The seeds of Line Foenugreek Mallows Quinces Flea-wort and Marsh mallow roots as also their roots macerated in warm water are very mucaginous Figs also Gum Arabick Tragacanthum and Isinglass if they be a whole night infused in water or other liquor and the next day recalefied and strongly expressed through a new cloth or bag will dimit much mucaginous matter Thus the mucage of Bdellium Sugâ—penum Ammoniacum and Galbanum is extracted to make up the confection of the mucilaginous Emplaister To every ounce of water or other liquor they ordinarily impose an ounce of seeds or roots but if the Mucage should be more crass then the quantity of roots or seeds must be augmented if more liquid diminished as one dram of seed to an ounce of water This Muslidge applyed to an inflammation helps much â„ž A Muslidge against inflammation The roots of Marsh mallows â„¥ ss Flea wort seedÊ’ ij â—nfuse them upon hot embers for a day and a half in Night-shade water afterwards strain it and apply it to the part affected This Mucage mitigates the dolour of the eyes caused by heat â„ž Another to the pain of the eyes from a hot cause Quinco kernelsÊ’ iij. infuse them a whole night in the water of Night-shade Water-lillyes and Eye-bright ana â„¥ i. ss in the morning extract the Muslidge and apply it to the part grieved CHAP. XI Of Collyryes IT is not enough that a Medicament be accommodated to an affection onely but it must be fitted to the part affected also for we do not prescribe one Medicament to the ears mouth nose and belly but exhibit a singular Medicament to each as will best fit it The eyes have their peculiar Medicaments called Collyryes which are endued with eximious qualities respecting their affections eximiously such as Galen speaks of libro de oculis libris 4 5. composit medicament loc as also Paulus and Aetius in many places There are two kinds of Collyryes the one dry Collyriorum differentia Collyria ficca called by the Arabians Sicf by the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Collyria fieca the other humid 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which are by the more recent called Collyries absolutely either because by their liquid form they are better accommodated to application the eyes not tolerating a hard and crass remedy or else because they are made of dry Collyries levigated upon a Marble and dissolved in water or such convenient liquor Some of the humid Collyries are of the consistency of Honey or a soft Unguent Tuthiae praeparatio as Tutia redacted to the form of an Unguent by much ustion and lotion with the juice of Fennel or other convenient liquor Others are altogether liquid and fluxile as all those which are made of the waters of Eye-bright Roses or Plantain with a small quantity of white Trochisks These should be reposed in glass vessels as the more solid in earthen pots And as a multitude of ocular affections are cured by Collyries so a multiplicity of materials go to their confecture as the whole Family of Medicaments whether of Minerals Animals or Plants from which either Powders can be efringed or Waters distilled or Juices extracted or Excrements desumed When you would quicken the sight make an oxydorcical Collyrie of such Medicaments as cure caligation as the galls of Animals the waters of Salendine and Eye-bright or the water of Community which confect thus â„ž Eye bright m. iij. Salendine Fennel Vervine Fumatory A water to quicken the sight ana m. ij Rue Balm ana m. j. Cloves Mace long Pepper ana â„¥ ss macerate them a whole night in equal parts of white Rose-water and white Wine then distill of the water with which wash the eyes This Collyrie will cure the pruriginous scabies of the eye-brows â„ž White wine * * * White For the scabies of the eye-lids Rose water ana â„¥ j. ss Hepatick Aloes finely pâ—lverized Ê’ j. mix them and make thereof a Collyrium This Collyrie will roborate and refrigerate â„ž A cooling and strengthening water for the eyes The water of Plantain and red Roses ana â„¥ ij whites of Eggs â„¥ ss mix them and beat them well together and make thereof a Collyrie This Collyrie applyed to the eyes will asswage their dolour â„ž For the pain of the eyes The waters of Purslain and Plantain ana â„¥ j. ss the mucilidge of Quince seeds made in Night shade water â„¥ j. mingle them fiat Collyrium This Collyrie will most efficaciously desiccate roborate and refrigerate â„ž A water strengthening and drying The water of Mouse-ear white Roses and Plantain ana â„¥ j. Troch alb RhasisÊ’ i. Tutty preparedÊ’ ss fiat Collyrium This Collyrie commonly called Eleiser roborates the eye and hinders the lapse of the fourth membrane or uvea and it is thus confected â„ž Collyrium Elciser Antimony Lapit Hematit anaÊ’ x. Acacia â„¥ ss AloesÊ’ j. let them be finely powdered cum aqua * * * Knotgrass Corrigiolae fiant Trochisci and when occasion calls for them dissolve one of them in white Rose water This other Collyrie which hath its denomination of Lead is endued with a sarcotical and consolidative faculty and is thus made â„ž A Collyrie of Lead Burnt Lead Antimony Tutty washed burnt Brass Gum Araback Traganth ana â„¥ j. Opium â„¥ ss make of these a Powder and with white Rose water form them into Trochisks which dissolve in white Rose water This Collyrie of Lanfrancus so called in whose Works I could never yet finde it is excellent against the French disease and is thus described by the antient Writers â„ž Collyrium Lanfranci White Wine lb j. of the water of Plantain and Roses of each a much as will suffice AuripigmentumÊ’ ij VerdigreaseÊ’ j. Alâ—es Myrrke ana ℈ ij let these be finely powdered and make thereof a Collyrium CHAP. XII Of Virgins milk VIrgins milk is one of those Medicaments which the sedulity of our age hath invented the making of which works no small admiration in the Vulgar whil'st of two unicolourous juices mixed together they educe a third white viscid and lent substance like milk to the spectators eyes Thus many exhibiting a specimen of their ingeny are believed to do miracles while they onely unfold Natures secrets Lac virginale cur dicitur Now it is called Virgins milk partly from its colour whereby it is like milk partly from its consistency and virtues wherein it is eximious even to delete the freckles of the skin which change and adulterate the virgin and genuine colour of the face This topical Medicament is made after many wayes whereof this is the most ordinary Receipt â„ž Litharidge of Gold finely powderedÊ’ iij. white wine vinegar of the best and strongest lb. ss mingle them together stir them with a wooden spatula for three hours afterwards filter the liquor through a brown paper in the form of a funnel
into a glass drop by drop to that which is filtrated adde pluvial or fountain water in which dissolve a little salt upon the mixtion whereof a milk will appear This is also an usual form â„ž White wine vinegar lb. ss Litharidge of Gold finely powdered â„¥ j. boyl them together till the third part be consumed and to the Colature adde a little Oil of Tartar and it will become white It may also be thus confected â„ž Ceruse â„¥ ss Litharidge â„¥ j. Trochisks of CamphorÊ’ ss the strongest Vinegar lb. ss macerate them three or four hours afterwards filtrate them and to the filtration adde the water of Bean flowers or Plantain or Roses in which dissolve a little Salt and it will become white It is very good against the redness of the face and pimples Ejus virtuor and roughness of the skin CHAP. XIII Of Alume water THE affinity of the qualities minde me of another water of â—â—mious virtues which derives its denomination from Alumâ— which is its basis Since many Juices ingrede its confection which are better new than old it can scarce be made before or after Summer but about the end of August or the beginning of September for then the juice of Grapes is most copious and most acid being immature and therefore more accommodate to confect this water Being extrinsecally applyed it cohibits and deterges inflammations pimples and other infections of the skin adhibited also above the tongue that grows black by the acuteness of a Feaver it will not onely delete its roughness but so moderate its calour as to reduce it to its natural heat I shall here exhibit its more usual and approved description whereunto a skilfull Medick may easily adjoyn another if the particular nature or condition of any affection require it and thus it is confected â„ž Aqua aluminosa magistralis Of the juices of Plantain Purslain Grapes Roch alume ana lb. j. whites of Eggs no. xij mix them well together with a spatula and afterwards distill them in an Alembick Some by mixing the juice of Nightshade and Limons with it make it more prevalent against filth and lice and other affections of the skin and they call it the Magisterial Alume water CHAP. XIV Of a Frontal AFrontal which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a Medicament which imposed on the forehead doth help the head-ach and it is often exhibited to extinguish its ardour and conciliate sleep when in long Feavers too much waking hath dejected the strength corrupted the blood and exagitated the mind For then a topical refrigerative Hypnotick applyed to the frontispiece of the head will be very salutiferous by abating the dolour mitigating the fervour tempering the blood and cohibiting the ascendent fumes Nicholaus Myrepsius tells us that a Frontal duely confected and rightly adhibited to the eyes cures lippitude and abundant fluours But we must take heed we do not adhibit humectative and refrigerative Frontals to a flegmatick brain or old men in winter especially seeing they are not meet for such in summer Quibus frâ—ntalia bene vel male conveniunt nor yet for any of a cold nature But they may be successfully applyed to young men and such as are cholerick or infested with some hot disease which alwayes causes great dolour in the head at any time But the use of Frontals is no way safe for young girls whose Cranium yet gapes and whose Vertex is yet moveable especially such as admit Vinegar in their composition which is an enemy to the brain or are endued with a narcotical or with a refrigeratory or calefactory quality or any other eximious faculty in excess They indeed are very expetible which by the first degrees change the distemper of the four qualities cohibit vapours gently soporate the senses and roborate the brain All Frontals are either somewhat humid or altogether dry the humid are of multifarious forms and consistencies for they are either made in form of an Unguent or of a Liniment or of an Opiate or of a Cerato malagma as when some oleaginous Medicaments are super-added to brayed herbs and a Frontal formed of the mixture Neither are dry Frontals uniform but confected of leaves and flowers either integral or pulverated and sowed in a double Syndon or pure cloth This Frontal is accommodate to women â„ž Of the leaves of Lettice and Betony cut small and of Rose leaves ana m. j. madefy these in Oxyrrhodino and make thereof a Frontal This Frontal will asswage the fervour of the head and conciliate sleep â„ž Conserves of Water-lillyesÊ’ vj. of Roses â„¥ ss Fervorem mitigans somnumque concilians of the flower of Poppyes p. ij beat them together in a mortar with a little Unguent Populeon fiat Frontale CHAP. XV. Of Cataplasms and Pultises THis soft Medicament which onely extrinsecally applyed doth asswage dolour repell mollify relax and calefy as also move vacuate and digest corrupt matter is called both by Greeks and Latines Cataplasma It hath the consistency of a Pultis whence it often borrows a name though in proper loquution Puls is rather an Aliment and Cataplasma a topical Medicament which is not confected solely of Honey wherein some Simples or Compounds accommodate to that purpose have been cocted as the Antients used to make it but of Roots Herbs Meal Oil and Butter and very often and that successfully by clinical women of Milk Bread crums Oil and the yolks of Eggs to mitigate leniate and concoct And he that calls a Cataplasm thus compounded a Pultis and a Pultis made of Barley meal the mucaginous matter of Linseed and Eggs yolks a Cataplasm doth erre nothing according to Fernelius for both have the same consistency to wit a mean betwixt an Unguent and a Salve and as it were the result of both their materials compounded together both have the same method in confecture and in use Fernelius thinks that the Antients used Cataplasma and Malagusâ— for the same thing but Galen initio lib. 7. de comp med gen according to the meaning and opinion of the Antients names those Medicaments alone Malagms which mollify parts preternaturally obdurated so that a malactical and mollitive Medicament and a Malagm do not at all differ nor constitute distinct species as 't is very probable Pultises then are constituted of Roots Leaves Stalks cocted to a putrilency Meal Fat and Oil. If dry Plants be required they must be pulverated if green cocted till they liquefy then stamped in a mortar trajected through a scarce and mucaginous fat or oleaginous matters added to the pulped matter and sometimes meal and then must they be again cocted till they acquire the crassitude of a Pultis This Cataplasm will asswage dolour and mollify obdurateness â„ž Anodynum malacticum The roots of Lillyes and Marsh mallows ana â„¥ ij Mallows Pelitory Violets ana m. ij boyl them till they become soft beat them small and pulp them through a sieve to which adde Linseed
according to that of the Poet Vinum alit lites lites dissolvit easdem Wine therefore is adiaphorous and indifferent good or evil Vinum sanis robur aâ— its use is good or evil And as it is sanity and strength to the sane so it is infirmity to the infirm and especially to such as are distempered from a hot cause There are many sorts of wine differenced by their colour Vini differentiae sapour substance odoar virtue and place from their colour they are called white red black flave claret and palid wines from their sapour sweet austere sharp aceth insipid from their substance crafs thin feculent from their odour sweet fragrant inodorous from their virtue vinous aquous polyphorous multifarious and oligophorous from their place Falernian Albane Grecian of which antient wines we should drink moderately by Galen's advice c. 6. l. 5. de sanit tuend for they gravidate the head but we want all these yet ours are no less vinous as our Anrelian Burgundian Andiâ—e Ainian Meudonian Ruelliane and Argentoliane Qui primus aquam vino miscuâ—rit which are generous wines and need Amphiction who first mixed water with wine And as in Banquets men get the best wine so should we seek the most generous and â—â—â—le in our Pharmacopolies for Medicaments which are to be assumed at the mouth as Theriacal and Mithridative Confections as also for some that are to be extrinsecally applyed as many Salves and Unguents There is a water also distilled from these wines easily contracting ardour and flame and eximious for many uses which they call Aqua vita as indeed there is nothing in wine which is not eximious as its odour sapour and spirits whereby man is not onely refreshed nourished and cherished but also many Medicaments and Adjuments made out of its very lees and dregs which the Alchymists call Tartar CHAP. III. Of Vinegar VInegar which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is sharp or rather dead wine for it is produced out of vapid wine destitute of its proper spirits and innate calour and as Omphacy is elegantly tearmed wine increasing so is Vinegar wine decreasing for wine is the mean betwixt both And vinegar is more tenuious acute and liquid than both and therefore it doth not concrete or congeal in frost if it be made of wine which is the most salubrious and eximioius for that which in some Countryes is made of stale beer is insane and should not at all be used by an Apothecary in his Confectures for when we put vinegar absolutely we mean wine-vinegar so confected by age or artifice not by any malignant mixture which for its eximious qualities is used in kitchins to Sauces and Condiments in Pharmacopolies to the preparation of Oxymel Lythargy and other Compounds Now all vinegar is attenuative incisive discussive repressive refrigerative and somewhat calefactive Gal. cap. 10. lib. 2. comp med loc for old Homer acknowledges that it retains in it some seeds of calour whence Galen saith cap. 19. l. 1. de simpl med it is of a mixt quality for as milk is not all homogeneous and similar nor in all parts the same so neither is vinegar which many say is calid and many frigid But such as have truly perpended its faculty finde it for the most part more frigid than calid cap. 20. ejusdem libri And I much recede from their opinion who think it to be calid like a Cautery or Pyroâ—ick for by sense we finde that when it is applyed it is at first sharp and refrigerative but after its ablation some calour follows which happens accidentally and because of its acrimony though not alwayes nor to all bodyes c. 21. ejusdem libri Hence we may collect that vinegar is naturally frigid but hath acquired an accidentary calidity or as Galen speaks cap. 23. ejusdem libri neither absolutely frigid nor absolutely calid participating of neither extream for many things that consist of contrary and pugnant qualities seem simple to the sense and are judged as neuters for it is unavoydable that vinegar having lost its innate quality should acquire another by putrefaction Of which opinion is Theophrastus and Aristotle for the vinous parts of the wine transeating into vinegar must be refrigerated and the aquous parts thereof by putretude obtain an adventitious calidity as all things else which putrefy do c. 2. l. 4. simpl Vinegar then is a compound of parts of a contrary quality to wit partly calid partly frigid as the ashes of burned wood Yet Vinegar is of admirable utility to Mortals but it is more frequently used of others than of Apothecaries CHAP. IV. Of Omphacy OMphacy What Omphacy is which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Shopmen Agresta is the juice of sour grapes not yet come to maturity not yet changed into Rob by the Suns calidity such was Dioscorides his Omphacium But that we now have is expressed like wine in a winepress out of grapes of perfect magnitude but not maturity then percolated reposed in hogsheads and mixed with a little salt and these by progression would be wine so wine by regression will be vinegar which in its vertues is very correspondent to Omphacy for both are refrigerative the Omphacy more imbecilly the vinegar more validly because more teâ—â—ous which also participates of more acrimony which is calefactive by its adscititious calidity Acetum calidum frigidum Therefore Aristotle said well that vinegar was frigid by the innate calour of the wine and calid by the adventitious which calour is not of sufficient vigour to over-power the frigidity proceeding from its acidity But Omphacy hath not the least of calidity in it neither is it so tenuious nor yet so nimble as with that expedition to permeate the pores and parts of the body as vinegar which being not onely acid but acerb Gal. cap. 10. lib. 4. de simpl med is more conducible to the ardour of the Hypochondriacal parts than vinegar for it is not so violent not is its frigidity mixed with any mordacious calour for such as are infested with excess of this calour should be mitigated without violence or assumption of any Calefactive or Medicament endued with mordacious acrimony Omphacium quâ—bus profit And hence is it that Omphacy is profitable for great ardours Gal. cap. 2. lib. 4. de simpl whether it be imposed on the orifice of the belly or other parts that need reâ—â—geration But it is most frequently assumed at the mouth either mixed with Aliments for pleasure or with Medicaments for sanity for broth altered therewith is more gratefull to the jaws and palate condiments acidulated therewith revoke the appetite It also extinguishes the heat of the liver and tempers the estuosity of the bood 〈◊〉 all which the sytup of Grapes will perform And though Omphacium may be made of any immature grapes yet it is in France deduced onely out of those the white vineâ— bring forth whose branches being longer and more
crass than others serve to make Arbours in Gardens and whose clusters are as big as Olives whereof when mature scarce any good wine can be confected but very good Omphacium when they are immature as at the latter end of Summer or a little before Vintage time Oil educed out of immature Olives is from its affinity in sapour to this Omphacium called Omphatical Oil. CHAP. V. Of Sugar SUgar was unknown to the Antients which is now so copious that to say a Pharmacopoly without Sugar were more than an * * * Ironiâ— Irony Yet it doth not fall from Heaven like dew nor is it gathered of Plants leaves as some have thought who look onely at the name but it is got of an arundinaceous Plant which grows not onely in India but in many places of Asia and Africa and now in some Gardens in France but it scarcely escapes secure from the Winters tempests This sacchariferous Plant is about eight foot high very crass Planta saccharifera knotty obduced on every side with long strait and twined leaves hollow sappy and stuffed within with plenty of sweet juice which will distill down the cut cane like Amber whose pith or sap being severed from the cane by a knife and cocted on the fire will turn all into Sugar save a little Salt at the bottome of the vessel Its roots emulate the roots of our Cane but they are not so ligneous but more succulent and sweet from which some sprigs erupt which if pulled up and transplanted in due time will grow and flourish It bears hairy flowers like our reeds which one thing is enough to shew that it is a reed The juice extracted from it and but once cocted is not sufficiently elaborate but is red and thence called brown Sugar by some Sugar-froth which when it is cocted longer and more defecated will be white and is called Sugar absolutely There comes Sugar from Madara and Canary which is extraordinary white which as much excells the other in worth as it doth in candour yet some Negotiators bring some a little duller which is as good as the other But many adulterate Madarensian Sugar by washing common Sugar with lixive cocting it again and absterging the nigritude from off it by which means they make it exceeding white but not so sweet and gratefull Sugar-Candy is thus made of common Sugar Sacâ—arum candum quomâ—do fiat Let the Sugar be melted with a little water and elixated like a crass syrup which inject into an earthen pot wherein wooden sticks are put lattice-wise and cross one over another set the pot on a board in a hot place where leave it for the space of fifteen or twenty dayes then pour out the syrup that is not concreted and pour in a little warm water to wash off the fatness of the syrup which again pour out and repose the vessel in a hot place take it on the morrow and break it and you shall finde the sticks laden with Sugar-Candy shining like Crystal There is another kinde of Sugar not so white Powder-sugar nor yet so crass as the former which is partly pulverated partly redacted to more crass lumps which the vulgar call Cassonade or Castonade which is not onely used in Kitchins but also in Shops That which is brought us from far Countryes is turbinated pyramidal-wise and commonly called Sugar-loaf which is less cocted and less obdurate than Candy and so less calid and more accommodate to obdulcorate Condiments Broths and other Aliments for Sugar abates acrity retunds acidity gratifies austerity and makes all sapours more suave Whence not onely Confectioners but Bakers and Cooks frequently use Sugar for no delicate Dish comes 〈◊〉 the Table that doth not participate of Sugar for if Water Wine Fruits Flesh Fish or other Edibles or Potables be nauscated the mixture of a little Sugar will make them current All Sugar is moderately hot Vires conducible to the roughness of the tongue asperity in the breast and to the cough it moves spittle but hurts the teeth for it effects nigritude mobility and rubiginyâ—â— them CHAP. VI. Of Honey AThenaus writes that the Cyrians Inhabitants of Corstea are therefore long-lived because they daily use Honey And Democritus being asked how a man might preserve his life long in sanity answered by anointing his interiour parts with Honey his exteriour with Oil Gal. c. 11. l. de atten vict rat For Honey being most sweet propagates most tenuious juice And c. 8. l. 2. de facult nat begets in old men special good blood in young and bilious men much choler for according to Actuarius c. 8. l. de spir anim mot that which is sweet in Honey must needs be choler in the body And this mutation is very facile because Honey according to Paul c. 4. l. 1. de synops Oribas l. 5. collect calefies and exsiccates in the second degree and hath a kinde of Acrimony conjoyned with its sweetness for that is the best Honey which participates of these two to wit of sweetness and acrimony Gal. c. 17. l. de antidot new Wine expressed from sweet Grapes and cocted to the half or thirds though it be not much inferiour to Honey in sweetness yet like water it is obtuse and no way vellicates the sense Honâ—â— alone is a Compound of it self for it is collected of the juices of many herbs and flowers and is profitable to all ages but especially to old men and such as are of a cold constitution 〈◊〉 chiefly in winter time for where it meets with much calour there it turns into choler Galen c. 5. l. 1. de alim fac Historia notanda derides the concertation of two men the one whereof affirmed Honey to be wholsome the other unwholsome both conjecturing from the effect it had wrought in themselves but neither of them understood that man kept not one temperament from the beginning to the term of his life nor yet if the temperament had been one that the decurse of years would work some change in it for the one of them was old and flegmatick the other young and cholerick Now Honey according to Galen c. 177. l. de simpl med Mel quid is the juice of Celestial Dew collected by Bees for every Aliment is desumed either from Animals or Plants Honey is from neither for it arises from the leaves or flowers of Plants Vnde fiat and yet it is not their juice nor fruit nor any part thereof but the same with Dew c. 38. l. 3. de alim fac and yet not so copious nor assiduous Yet something from Plants tends to its benignity or malignity Orib c. 62. l. 2. collect for that is poysonous which is collected of poysonous Plants as Wolfs-bane Paul Egin c. 52. l. â— that bitter which is brought out of Pontus where great store of Wormwood abounds That Honey is best which in colour is pale Mel optimum in consistency neither crass nor concrete nor
Anise but longer and sharper There are other Plants like this which are taken for it Thus Theophrastus calls Carret Daucus Thus wild Pastinaca and Caucalis borrow the denomination of Daucus It s seed Vires which is frequently used in Medicine calefies siccates opens incides moves flowers and urine and discusses flatuosity We have before treated of Smallage whose seed is reckoned amongst the lesser Calefactives CHAP. XXXVIII Of some eximious Flowers from which most efficacious Waters and Oils are extracted and first of Roses ROse is so common spontaneously growing in every hedge that it cannot but be known There are two sorts hereof one wild which is called Cynorrhodon or Dog-rose the other Garden-rose which we call Rose absolutely whereof there are many sorts to wit red white pale incarnate luteous ceruleous which grows in many places in Italy and the mosellate Rose which flourishes in Autumn Other varieties may be educed out of these by art and mangony but three onely are used in Medicine to wit white red and damask waters are distilled out of the white Honey of Roses Conserve Oil and Unguent of the red and Syrup laxative are made of the damask There are many parts in Roses to wit the flower the stalk capillaments granules little flowers the calix the seed the daun Some call those little flowers that adhere to the capillaments Anthera but Anthera properly is a compound Medicament used to the affections of the mouth as it appears by Actuarius c 7. l. 6. meth med by Celsus c. 11. l. 6. by Oribasius and Marcellus All Roses have not the same faculty for the pale relax the red astringe both roborate as also the common white and sweet Roses for all sweet odours recreate and refresh the spirits as also those vital and animal parts that hold the principality CHAP. XXXIX Of Nymphea or Water-Lilly THis Nymphea which the Poets feign to have sprung from a dead Nymph that was jealous of Hercules is the most used of all water-plants in Medicine whereof Pharmacopolists make two sorts one greater which bea rt white flowers the other less which bears luteous flowers Both grow in standing waters and fens The greater hath ample round and green leaves gracile long smooth and round stalks white flowers in candour and magnitude resembling Lillyes and yellow in the middle a black nodous and long root some call it Water Lilly some Neâ—â—ybar and others Heraclea The lesser grows in a slimy watty soyl on slender stalks about 〈◊〉 cubits long whereon a yellow shining flower grows like a Rose its root is white nodous sharp and sweet Nymphea refrigerates exceedingly asswages salacity Vires retains the immoderate flux of the seed and being drunk and exhibited by way of liniment it quite extinguishes the seed it conciliates sleep and wholly takes away Venery if its decoction or conserve or syrup made of its flowers be long used CHAP. XL. Of Lilly Lilly is by some of the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by others who believe that it was produced by Juno her milk it is called Juno's Rose in Garlands it is placed next to the Rose for its eximious candour suaveolence and elegant form illustrate its dignity This Plant is very fecund for one root will produce and nourish fifty heads It consists commonly of one stalk two cubits high and sometimes higher comous with leaves like Ragwort but something longer twined and green with a flower in form of a basket whole labra constitute a circle out of which bottom issue shining tufts like yellow yearn and whose extremity is tuberous This broad and elegant flower adhering to a small slender and languid peduncle and another to a crass and rigid branch encompassed with leaves which withers about the end of Summer and buds again at the beginning of Autumn There are many sorts of Lillyes for besides the white and common which is so called absolutely there is another they call the white Byzantian Lilly which hath got its distinction from the 〈◊〉 where it grows another there is of a cruent colour another yeâ—â—w another light red There is also a small Lilly they call the Lilly of the Valley and there is a great one they call the Persian Lilly or more commonly the Imperial Crown which the Barbarians of Tusat whereunto we may adde the Day-Lilly Chalcedony Byrantine and such like whereof now to treat were beyond our institution The root of white Lilly is malactical and anodynous and of 〈◊〉 use in decocting glysters and confecting emollitive and matter moving Cataplasms An Oil also may be extracted out of the flowers infused for the same purposes Their water also distilled will take wrinkles out of ones face and make it of a very white colour CHAP. XLI Of Crocus or Saffron WE referr to the order of these eximious flowers Saffron the golden coloured red flower of a bulbous Plant which the Physicians call Crocus the French men following the idiome of the Mauritanians Saffron But it is a bulbous Plant lively and carnous whose leaf is narrow and gramineous whose flower is like meadow Hermodactyle with filaments of a purple and golden colour and whose odour is intense with some sharpness It grows best about fountains and high-wayes rejoycing to be torn and trod upon which as they say comes better on by being killed But the best of all grows in Corycus a Mountain of Cilicia for its odour is more fragrant and its colour more aureous It is green in the Spring it dilates it self all Summer in Autumn are its flowers gathered which are not usurped for medicinary and culinary uses solely but many more when any aureous colour is desired Now Crocus is either domestick whereof Dioscorides enumerates many sorts or sylvestrian whereof Dodonaeus describes more all which for brevities sake I omit It is hot in the second degree dry in the first Vires if moderately used it helps the brain refocillates the senses excites sleep and torpour by recreating the heart it begets joyfulness draws the humours to concoction and much profits him that knows how to use it with prudence Mesue makes an Oil thereof which ingredes the confection of the Emplaster made of Frogs It goes also to other compositions as to the Syrup of King Sabor and to the Oxycrocean Emplaster whereunto it gives not onely colour but also eximious faculties SECTION II. Of Purgative Simples The Preface OUR former Section being finished wherein we have clearly unfolded and explained such common Simples as are as it were Preparatives and occur every where to the composition of Medicaments we will proceed therefore in the next place to describe such Catharticks as purge humours by subdacing the belly and they are such as are given sometimes by themselves alone or mingled with such Compositions as are prescribed in our Shop And these are for the most part exetical and forreign conveyed to us dry from savage and barbarous Regions Yet some we have growing with us especially in hot Regions
are inferiour to no Medicament in abigating diseases whether it be intrinsecally assumed or extrinsecally adhibited or mixed with other Medicaments The Syrian tenuious and perspicuous is best which will delabe and settle in a vessel full of water which indeed is common to all legitimate Balms The best Balsame but chiefly to that that is desumed out of the famous Garden of the Turkish Emperour where a small tree is cultivated and kept with great sedulity three parts whereof are excerped for the expugnation of many diseases to wit its wood liquor and seed called in the proper idiome of the Medicks Xylobalsame Opobalsame and Carpobalsame which being very rare and not growing in every region are possessed onely by Kings and Noblemen for the vulgar Carpobalsame is not legitimate its faculties being ignave almost inodorate faint rancid exolet and not suaveolent And the same may be pronounced of the wood they call Xylobalsame for it is the caul of Lentisks often so corrupted or inveterate that it is insipid inodorous and inefficacious Medicks have invented three succidaneous Vicegerents for the want of these three for Carpobalsame Cubebs for Xylobalsame new and fresh Lentisk and for Opobalsame the Oil of Cloves and Nutmeg as also the limpid water of Turpentine tree 〈◊〉 as Oil for Turpentine is the very Mother of artificial Balms the parts of whose Plants respond well to the parts of natural Balm There are now two other sorts of Balm circumvected Bal. de Poru the one called Peruvian Balm which is educed out of a certain fruit growing in Peru whereof Clusius makes mention De Tolu Another they call Balm of Tolu from a certain region of India which distills out of a sauciated tree like little Pines both of them are endued with eximious faculties and may be very well substituted instead of Syâ—â—ack CHAP. XVII Of Kermes MAny Plants will onely grow in the Meridional others in the Septentrional and some in both regions as that same grain which the Mauritanians call Kermes which very denomination according to Dioscorides demonstrates the Plant to be exotical and to grow in Asia Armenia or Arabia for in two usurpations it reserves its Arabian nomenclature to wit in the confection of Alkermes and in dying cloaths of a Bermesian colour Now Kermes or Karmas is the name of a suffruticeous Plant Kermes seu Karmas quid and its grain which is vulgarly called Scarlet dye or infectorâ— grain It grows both in the aforesaid places and in Orleans in France and many places in Italy which are hot and tend towards the Meditenancan Sea and it is reposed amongst the aculeous Ilices for their variety is manifold whereof some are glandiserous which grow into tall trees others coccigerous which are lower some bacciferous which are of a middle consistency as * * * Holly Aquifoyl which is frequent and vivacious in the Septentrional soyl Yet some exclude this Plant from the number of Ilices although the two forâ—â—â— have not so much affinity each with other as the later with this The Plant then whereon Kermes grows is a certain small Illeâ— putting forth many cauls which are harder towards the root obtenebrated with leaves continually green long â—â—gged about deâ—se sinuous angulous spinous aculeated and horrid which at the beginning of the Spring conceives as it were a little egge towards iâ— root which it obvallates with pricks supernally devolved which in its growth changes its colour from white to cineritious then to purple and at last acquires a most elegant colour for the whole grain is fuâ—â— of sanguineous liquor which after perfect maturity and too long coaction in its membrane produces worms whereof some are winged Succus Kermes and fly away yet before the procreating of them the liquor may be studiously extracted to the confection of Alkermet and scarlet tincture The generation of these little Animals or may be hindred or their death procured by the aspersion of a little vinegar whereby their exanimated carcasses are collected and coacted into a mass like Vermilion which they call * * * Sâ—â—achul Scaletium and Pliâ—â—y Cusculium for the tincture of purple or skarlet colour This grain is not the fruit but excrement of this Illex or a 〈◊〉 and lucid gum contained in a husk which grows about the root of the leaves This Illex is not onely coccigerous but glandiferous also for the more inveterate surcles bring forth Acorns somewhat longer and blacker than those of the Oaks but then it ceases to produce grains Coccum Baph or * Coccum And therefore these surcles are prescinded that a new spring of surcles may follow and be cocciferous Kermes exceedingly roborates the heart Vires and all its faculties it also astringes precided nerves and wounds by its glutinous sacultâ—â— when extrinsecally adhibited CHAP. XVIII Of Schoenanthum or Squinant S'Choenanthum is an odorate bullrush growing in India from whence it is brought to us in bundles being incicurable by all Art It is a junceous and gramineous Plant whose small dry hard and nodous root emits hard straggling round full not concaâ—e and clear reeds gracile towards the top whose rigid mucronated and pale leaves of half a palms length amplect its gramineous surcles Two sorts of flowers palely red and pappous adorn its suâ—â—ity some call is the reed of 〈◊〉 others Camels food because Apâ—ricane Camels feed on its summities Iâ—s flowers are seldome brought to us with it though it be denominated from them Schoenanthum is moderately calefactive and astrictive Vires and because its parts are tenuious it moderately digests and repells the root is more astrictive than the other parts of the Plant the flower is hotter which potently moves urine and flowers CHAP. XIX Of Folium or Malabather the Indian leaf so called A Certain eximious Leaf is brought to us from India which the Arabians call Cadegi Indi that is Indian Leaf which the Inhabitants call Tamalapatra and the Apothecaries with reference to its native soyl Malabathre It is a leaf like the leaf of the Medicks Apple-tree of a palid green colour with three strokes percurring its longitude it is odorate smelling like Cloves It doth not swim upon water nor grow in the Indian fens nor yet without root as Dioscorides thought but it is desumed from a tall tree far from waters fruâ—icating in dry places Malabathrum is hot in the second degree odorate moves urine Vires emends ones breath keeps cloaths from moths and in other qualities concords with Spicknard which may be well substituted Succidanium when it cannot be had CHAP. XX. Of Spicknard DIoscorides c. 6. l. 1. Species makes mention of two sorts of Spicknard one Indian the other Syrian both growing in one Mountain but the one on that side that looks towards India the other on that that looks towards Syria He afterwards adjoyns the Celtian that grows on the mountains of Liguria which is called Saliunca from its native
they are it who thereupon felt no pain when they were bitt by those cruell Serpents which the judge admired and seeking the cause found that each of them had eaten a Citron the next day he commanded a Citron to be given to one of them and not to the other they were againe lead to their punnishment he that had eaten the Citron felt no molestation the other being all over livid with biteings dyed CHAP. IIII. Of Orenges AUrenges or aureous Apples so called from their colour grow upon a Tree very like the Limmon-Tree in effigies for their colours odours flowers and leafes are the same only they differ a little in that part next the peduncle which in the Orenge is as it were pinnated and double they are dilutely green odorate and concolorate with the Limmon-Trees fruits the Tree whereon they grow is tall ramous perpetually virid and daily pomiferous some growing other falling and others ripening it beares flowers al the year which are white elegant suaveolent and more fragrant in Summer then other times some whereof adhaere to a nodose pedicle and are faecund others are enodous and sterile Aqua Naphae so much celebrated for its suavity and fragrance is distilled from these which Matrons and delicate Courtiers wash their faces hair and hands with Great plenty of Orenges are carried from Spain Italy and France into other regions some whereof are sweet and ingratefull or at least not pleasant to the gust others acid jucund cordiall and gratefull to the palate all round nitent of a Golden colour or very flave whence they are often called Golden Apples The sweet ones are temperate the acid ones refrigerate arceate putretude resist Poysons and corroborate Vires their pills are acrimonious amare and hot which for their gracious odour are used in sawces condited in Sugar it emends the breath of ones mouth CHAP. V. Of Pomegranates THis Tree commonly called Granate and its fruit Pomegranate derives its denomination either from the multitude of graines wherewith it is referted or else from the region of Granata where it fruticates copiously it delights in hot aire and dry ground its leafes are like myrtle leafes which fall off annually its flower is red oblonâ— jucund of aspect and resembles a cup in effigies the vulgar call it Balaustium though that name in Dioscorides his opinion may rather be deduced to the wild ones There are two sorts of Pomegranate-Trees the one wild which is florigerous but withall infrugiferous the other domesticall whereof there are three differences one beares acid Pomegranates another sweet ones and the third dulco-acid ones all of them are angulous and crasse referted with many graines demerged in much juice It s cortex is called Malicore and by some Sedion it is viridly flave like vitriol whereof according to Alcumists it participates its flower is oblong purpureous and fait which Pliny calls Balaustians The whole Pomegranate is astrictive and refrigerative but its succe is indued with the best facultyes which recreates the heart allayes the heat of the stomack and cures the Cholerick passion sweet Pomegranates molest the stomack CHAP. VI. Of Quinces QUinces grow upon a Tree which they call Cotonea or Catonea from M. Cato but the Graecians long agoe called it Cydonea from Cydon a Town in Crete where it was first found but I should rather believe that its name Colonea was given to it because of its tomentitious cortex resembling Cotten for these Apples are vested with a certain dawen like Cotten dawen The Tree from which they are excerped is commonly low assurgeing like a shrub vested with a sharp and gapeing Barke produceing things like scales its boughs are many short tortuous and cineritious its leafes subrotund mucronated green above white beneath soft and lanuginous its flowers albid somwhat purpureous and quinquefolious its fruits crasse very flave tomentitious and odorate emitting an odour jucund to some ingratefull to others its sapour is alike to all flesh luteous succe austere its seed as in other Apples is included in membranes and reconded as it were in Caskets The Quince-Tree is fruitfull in every place but most in hot regions cultivated places and Garden sides for then its fruits will be more and aureous some whereof are rounder shorter lesser and nearer the figure of vulgar Apples which are called Quinces absolutely others greater crasser longer turbinated and more like Peares vulgarly called Coignacea which are not so good as the former Some also are more candid others strutheous all more luteous and almost aureous whence they are called Chrysomels or Golden Apples such as are more lanuginous and by their fragrancy affect the heads of some men make very many eustomachicall medicaments as conserves waters and syrups of Quinces whereof there is much use both in health and sicknesse Quinces can searce be eaten crude when cocted they are more gratefull to the palate Vires they roborate the ventricle allay vomiting represse the flowers of the belly conduce to the dysenteriack and collicall as also to such as either spit blood or are infested with an immoderate flux of flowers or haemorrhoids CHAP. VII Of Medlers A Medler is a certain round Apple at first green and somwhat hispid afterwards it is yellow and soft some call it Tigranum and Galen calls it Tricoccum because it containes three lapideous or osseous graines instead of seeds yet somtimes four and somtimes five are found in it according to the number of its unguicles issuing out of its patulous bosse or head this fruit is so acerb before maturity that one cannot tast of it but when mature it is gratefull and wholesome for the last course The Tree from which it is decerped is of two sorts one wild and spinous growing spontaneously in Woods and Hedges which beares small oblong Apples very acerb before maturity and not very gratefull after the other domesticall so made by culture and insition whose Apples are more crasse and full though a little compressed round and gapeing on one side both are tortuous and rigid but this is lesse spinous Dioscorides calls it Setania Theophrastus Satanea It assurges to the magnitude of a vulgar Apple-Tree with boughs that are hairy and circumgyred promisse and not broad leafes white and quinquefolious nowers whereunto Apples succeed called Medlers which are of a moderate magnitude with late heads discreted with five unguicles or leafes its substance is white and sapour austere till maturity and then it is yellow and sweet Immature Medlers are acerb and astrictive yet their Powder according to Aâ—t Musa breakes and excludes stones in the Reins Vires to which effect their officles or seeds brayed and assumed are thought most conducible they are commended for cohibiting belly flux and roborating its parts CHAP. VIII Of Sorbe Apples SOrbes are small Apples in quality like Medlers in formes and magnitude very dissimilar for both at first are green hard acerb unfit to eat by maturity yellow soft grateful to
some factitious Alomes as Catinum which is made of the ashes of Kali and vulgar Soda as squamous Alome which is made of a specular stone pellucid like glasse as Lees-Alome which is made of Wine-Lees burned and albified I think it superfluous to describe the manner of confecting these Alomes since they are now of no use All Alome is of crasse parts Vires bindes much whence it is called Stypterion because it is styptical or astrictive it califies moderately cleanses emends putrid Ulcers dries humid ones absumes excrescent flesh takes away itching cures the scab and accedes usefully to many Medicaments made for Ulcers CHAP. 7. Of Salt AS nothing is more common nothing more frequent so nothing more known then Salt without which Beasts can but we cannot subsist Whereof there are many sorts as Sea-salt Fossile-salt Lake-salt and River-salt Sea-salt is most common and best which is solely used in France Fossile-salt which shop-men call Gemme-salt is broken and effoded out of Mynes like stones it is splendent like Chrystal This cast into the fire doth not crack like the rest but ignifies like Iron There is also Indian-salt which Mesue uses in the confection of Pills of Azure-stone but this being wanting we substitute gemmeous Salt They mistake that think that Mesue means by Indian-salt that Sugar which he calls Tabarzet we White for the Indians have their Salt which they effode from the Mount Oromenus in great lumps in whose stead our gemmeous Salt will serve well as in acuating the slower faculty of Agarick and Polypody Ammoniack or Armeniack-salt being very ingrateful both in sapour and colour and gifted with no eximious faculties is judged incommodious it concretes into broad plates under the Cyranium sands with black veins extrinsecally in colour it comes near Alome we call Schiston as also the Salt we call Alkali and Catinum Dioscorides commends Lake-salt and Phrygian-salt but we preferre our own The flower of Salt which flows upon Nilus is neither seen of nor desired by us it is as it were the Spawn of a certain River as also the broth of Salt and the flower of the spamous Sea in Dioscorides There is another kinde of Salt they call Nitre denoted with a double difference the first is the light Nitre of Dioscorides and the Ancients its colour is roseous or white it gapes with some holes like a spunge it ceases now to be brought to us the other is more vulgar called Salnitre or Saltpeter which ingredes the confection of that powder which is made of many nitrous waters in France for warlike Instruments While it is laboured with much coction it eructates Aphronitrum or spume of Nitre different from that which the Ancients mention which is thought to be native not artificial as also a certain friable lanuginous matter white and saltish which adheres to many walls which is thought to be the flower of Nitre I shall not now speak of the confection of Nitre because it appertains not to Apothecaries The faculties of Salt are great many and very useful to man but not so necessary in Pharmacy as many think who praedicate many wonderful and vain things of Salt educed by Chymical Art for they mordaciously assert that there is a purgative faculty in Medicaments because of Salt and when they have got some extract from any Medicament they averre they have got its Salt However Salt is very conservative it astringes absterges purges discusses represses extenuates and vindicates from putretude yet some Salt is better then other Seeing Brine is its liquor it exhibits the same effects Vires it is mixed with Glysters to excite the expulsive faculty which is flow in such as are infested with the Lethargy and Apoplexy CHAP. 8. Of Bitumen BItumen which the Greeks call Asphaltos is as it were the fatness of the earth swimming above the water which cast upon the shore condensates concretes and becomes hard tenacious and inflammable As long as Bitumen swims on the water it is soft but when it is off it becomes spisse and harder then and resembles dry Pitch yet easily liquescible at the fire Many Lakes are bituminous but especially one in Judaea Sodomeus Lacus thence called Asphalites and The dead Sea because of its vastity and because its water remains almost immovable not stormy but heavy falt crass and foetid wherein neither Plants nor Animals breed neither doth it nourish such as are injected or admit them into its bowels Some enumerate a kinde of Fossile terrene matter Carbo petrae which some call but falsly The Earth Ampelitis others better Stone-coal which seems to be a kinde of Jet of which they make Beads and Images which strangers wear in their Hats amongst solid Bituments All Bitumen is not solid and hard but some there is perpetually liquid and fluid called Naphta which is the colature of Babylonian Bitumen white of colour and most capacious of fire for there is so much cognation betwixt this and fire that it will presently leap into it when near it There is also black Bitumen As the true and native Bitumen of Judaea and Sodome come not to us in whose stead we use Pissaphaltus or factitious Bitumen made of Petreol Pitch and other things so neither the true Naphta in whose stead we assume a certain liquor that falls from the fields near Modena which they call Petreol as if it were Oyl educed out of a Rock for both have the same cansistency colour and vertue But Pissaphaltus is the commixion of Pitch and Bitumen as its name designs which some use for Mumy of which hereafter All Bitumen discusses mollifies glutinates defends from inflammation by obfaction suffumigation or imposition emends the Proptosis and strangulation of the Uterus but our Bitumen is seldome right Naphta extenuates incides digests penetrates absumes frigid and crasse humours in all parts of the body and cures the resolution of the Nerves Palsey and diseases in the arteries from a cold cause Some yet recenseate more bitumens as that furfurous pinguetude which some call Whales-sperm Sperma Caeti quid others White-Amber and many The flower of the Sea for it is collected on the Sea whose fat spume or innatant flower it is Many think it is Dioscorides his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 CHAP. 9. Of Sulphur SUlphur is either native and fossile called Brimstone and Quick-sulphur or factitious the native is naturally generated of a certain fat portion of earth much whereof is in Lipara Melos and such places where the factitious is made the splendent pellucid and not saxous is best whose colour without is subcincritious within subluteous Many Mountains are very sulphureous as Aetna which eructates perpetual flames The factitious is made of some fat Glebes which are effoded out of sulphureous Mynes The manner of its confection I leave to such Rusticks as are exercised therein the green and fat is best Sulphur hath much cognation with fire for if it be cast upon coals it will
and splendent like specular stone whence many call it Talkum but improperly for Talkum is more slender squamous white and lucid Some call it Selenite some juglers by their deceptive art make an oyl of Talkum to wash erugate and dealbate old Wives faces withall and so daily deceive silly women that will not indure deformity with their vain promises whilest warily yet not illicitely they put their hands into the womens Purses for it is no injury or deceit to beguile those that consent and are willing It hath an astringent faculty and is good against Ruptures Vires CHAP. 14. Of Chalk CHalk Lime and Gypsum are agglutinative stones used in compacting rich mens houses for poor mens cottages are emented onely with a little clay subacted Now Lime after it hath once drank water bears it not again but Chalk is nourished by water and longer and better preserved therewith When I name Chalk I mean that which is very white pulverable friable and by infusion in water inflammeable For crude Chalk is a hard ponderous stone that will neither dissolve nor wax white in water and is more properly called Chalk-stone In what parts Chalk is found there is no Lime and where Lime is found there is no Chalk that Chalk is best which touched with water makes a noise ignifies and is cineritious for age makes it whiter but more infirm for the air is got into it and its fire is abared Diâ—scorides sayes That Chalk may be made of the shells of Cockles Mussles or Oysters so long burnt till they be perfectly white An eximious Psylother may be made of quick Chalk and Auripigment which will easily depilate rough places This also with someother things will make good Pyroticks which will burn the part they are applied to Chalk often wasâ—ed with pluvial or fountain-water may usefully be mixed to such unguents as cure cadaverous Ulcers Chalk extinguished with water and twice or thrice washed if it be again cast into water makes that water very convenient for the Ulcers in the Privities and other running cadaverous and dangerous sores in other parts for by much washing it deposes its mordacity and ceases to be sharp but yet it callfies and siccates manifestly and ceases to be sharp but yet it califies and siccates manifestly and is therefore good to exsiccate Ulcers and induce scars CHAP. 15. Of stones found in Spunges SPunges by nature accede nearer to Plants then Animals for they have accrescion and augmentation but no fensation as many have credited Dioscorides makes some of them male which are full of smaller holes the hardness whereof they call He-goats and others female which have larger holes Aristotle makes four sons of Spunges some spisse which are softest others tenuious which are hardeft others most spisse and others most valid which they call Achilleous Spunges Those that grow on stones are harder those that grow on the tranquil marine tracts are softer But we know onely three sorts of Spunges the first with rare and patent holes which is softest and most vulgar in magnitude and form resembling a mans Liver the second perviated with lesser holes which is denser lesser and harder the third like Sea-spume which is most dense valid and cineritious they commonly call them all Sea-Mushromes Pliny saith Vires That stones either grow in Spunges or coming from other places fall in and are stabled there both sorts are well known for they are found in every Spunge but those that grow in the Spunge must be selected as being more apt to break the stone yet Galen is of opinion that this stone is not so valid as to break the stone in the bladder CHAP. 6. Of Bricks MEdicks do not onely from Gemmes and Stones but from broken and inveterate Bricks worn Shoe-soles and Clay seek remedies for the sick for nothing is â—oid of all qualities and nothing but used opportunely by a perite and approved Medick will profit There are many things which are efficacious while new but by age lose their qualities and vertue as common Medicaments others which are scarce Medicinal till they be old as Bricks which at first serve onely for structures but when old are very Medicinal and expetible as will appear from the Oyl extracted out of them for the cure of many diseases as we have shewed in our Shop SECT III. Of Metals THat is properly called a Metal which is of a Fossile body hard ductile with a hammer and liqueable with fire but as soon as it is melted it doth return into its pristine form The word is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say to search because the Metallists are wont to search the Veins of the Earth for every Vein doth afford some Metal But concerning the matter of them there are divers Opinions Aristotle in his third Book of Meteors cap. ult doth constitute a double matter of all Metals which are found in the Earth viz. Halitus Vapor Of which all Fossiles are made in the bowels of the Earth Those things that are digged out of the Earth are either such that may be melted or not melted those that are incorporated with some humid matter are easily melted as Lead and Tin others are melted indeed but with more difficulty as Iron c. Matthiolus writes that to be an Elementary substance which is the efficient cause of Metal Scaliger Exercit. 20. saith That the substance of Metal is a watery Earth The Chymists appropriate it to Mercury and therefore call it the Sperm of the Earth or as some say the Sulphur which they alledge out of Albertus who saith That the first matter of Metals is a humid unctious and subtile Body which is incorporated with a subtile and terrestrial mixture Now there are as many Metals as Planets to wit Seven whose Names and Characters they appropriate to the Metals for they call Gold Sol Silver Luna Lead Saturn Tin Jupiter Iron Mars Copper Venus and Quicksilver Mercury which is not properly a Metal for it cannot be wrought nor is it malleable but after another manner that is in vertue it may be called a Metal But Scaliger Exercit. 106. reprehends this nomination of Metals and their affinity with the Planets and calls it foolish and ridiculous Neither is the Number of Metals to be comprehended in the number of Planets for not onely the Metals but many other Fossiles do strive to respond in Title and Character and that more properly to the Planets and Signs of the Zodiack as Aspalatum to Taurus Auripigmentum to Gemini Sal Ammoâ—iacum to Cancer Red Arsenick to Virgo Roman Vitriol to Libra Sulphâ—r to Scorpio Roch-Alome to Sagittary Scissile-Alome to Capricorn Sal Nitre to Aquary So that these three Arcana's as they call them are covered with many Aenigmatical Riddles not unlike so many madmen spewing out a thousand boastings which are more fit to be derided then confuted But we will hasten to our intended purpose and enter upon a definition of Sol
effusion of blood for Iron tincted with blood presently contracts rust There is a certain kinde of execrement which eructates out of Iron which they sometimes call its dross sometimes its scales sometimes its recrement and sometimes its dung but those are properly called Iron-scales which break from it while its beaten with hammers and that its recrement or dung which is clicited by â—gnition Many assert That Iron-rust will cure Ulcers Vires and that Telephus King of Mysia wounded by Achilles was thereby persanated for this as also its dross astringe and siccate whence they are mixed with Medicaments of a siccative faculty All Iron is roborative and thence some waters become Medicinal which the Normans call Forgenses borrowing eximious vertues from Iron CHAP. 8. Of the seventh Metal SOme say This seventh Metal is Mercury others Amber but neither of these are more then in a potency to be Metals but it seems rather to be Stibium which is more truly called a Metal which is another great Alchymistical Idol and the sole Empyrical Cathartick whereby they jactitate to cure all diseases but they too anxiously perturb some mens Ventricles by moving them both upward and downwards others they miserably torment by too vigorous purging some they kill and restore very few to sanity One Corn Gemma a Physician of Lovanium saith That a Paracelsian English Medick being himself and his wife detained by a Fever took himself and gave to his wife that they call prepared Antimony whereupon she fell quickly distracted and changed her life yet valid with death He complaining of dreams and continual watchings seven dayes after his dejection began to dote and roave from that he became Epileptical from his Epilepsie he fell into a Lethargie being therewithall somewhat Apoplectical when he had been detained three dayes in that sopour he fell again to his roaving and was so agitated with fury that not long after he expired and passed from his conjugal bed to his conjugal tomb Yet this Antimony is by some so artificially prepared Vires that being opportunely given it produces admirable effects for an eximious sudatory inferiour to none may be made of it Neither is that Powder contemptible which they call Flower of Stibium for if it be prepared by perite and exhibited by learned Artists it profits much Yet very good Medicks forbear to prepare or exhibit it because they have much better Medicaments whereby they may more securely cure any disease CHAP. 9. Of Ceruse AS Iron hath its rust Cerusa quid and Brass its verdegrease so hath Lead its Ceruse which some call the flower of Lead and others after Galen Psymmithion And although Ceruse erupt like Verdegrease by the benefit of Vinegar yet is not green but very white whence Painters to whom it is of much use call it White-lead and it is made after this or the like manner Sharp Vinegar is in the Summer-time infunded into a pot with a broad orifice a plate of Red-Lead is superimposed and the vessel so occluded as nothing can expire When the plate of Lead is taken off which is most commonly on the tenth day that crasser matter that falls to the bottom of the vessel is collected and siccated afterwards it is grinded with a Hand-mill and sifted then coacted into a Masse or Pastils with a little Vinegar and preserved It may also be made of Lead-dust immerged and resolved by the space of ten dayes in very sharp Vinegar It is sometimes also made of the same Plates infused and deraded and again macerated and deraded the same again and again reiterated till they be resolved then their rasure must be collected brayed sifted and coacted with Vinegar Painters do not onely seek after white Ceruse but women also to fucate their faces yet by its undue use the teeth become black and worm-eaten and the breath foetid The best is that they call Rhodiaca or that we now call Puteolis Ceruse baked in a new earthen pot upon burning coals will acquire by ustion a red colour and so become Sandix which is an artificial Vermilion and not Sandaracha as some think Before Ceruse ingrede the composition of Salves Unguents and Collyries it should be prepared that is washed that it may desiccate and astringe moderately without any mordacity and that in some fit liquor as in simple water or Rose-water thus Let a convenient quantity of Ceruse be taken and brayed in a stone-Morter with a wooden Pestel then let water be poured upon it then let it stand till the Ceruse be quiet in the bottom of the Morter then abject the water let more again be poured in agitate it then suffer it to reside and eject the water as before then again pour new water in and so let the work be iterated till the water poured in and agitated appear clear and pure without filth These duly performed let the Ceruse be laevigated on a red Marble stone then dryed and again brayed and then formed into Pastils with Rosewater and reposed for future uses Some bray it with Vinegar and subact it into a masse others with another liquor accommodated to their intentions Ceruse refrigerates siccates astringes extenuates expletes Vires represses excrescencies and perduces to a scar it cannot be assumed at the mouth without peril CHAP. 10. Of Cadmia both factitious and fossile CAdmia which the Arabians call Climia is either fossile and native which is the stone out of which Brass is drawn and is called Brass-Ore which Artificers use in making yellow Brass which the shop-men call Aurichalcum or Orichalcum or else it is factitious The native is often found in Metal-Mynes it is a yellow stone very hard appearing of two colours when it is not accended but all over luteous when accended and it is probable this is the stone which Albertus calls Didachos or the Devils-stone The rivulets and torrents of Cyprus sometimes afford such a stone which being of many colours some call it The Rainbow-gemme of which we have before spoken but indeed it is neither the Rainbow nor Didachos Factitious Cadmia is a dense body concreted of the smoke of Brass melted in a furnace driven by the wind and cleaving to the sides and roof of the furnace Galen saith it is no matter whether we call it an earth or a stone out of which some Brass some Cadmia and some Diphryges is drawn for the stone Pyrites burnt in 〈◊〉 furnace affords Cadmia There are five sorts of factitious Cadmia Vires the first is called Capnitis which is found in the very orifice of the furnace which is so exust and tenuious that it resembles Embers the second is called Ostraticls which for the most part is black and looks like a potsheard being more grave and therefore it delabes to the bottom of the furnace and it is the most sordid of all Galen calls it Spâ—dâ—s or Spodium the third and fourth are found in the middle of the furnace and they are called
covers them with the earth which it makes even and so sits upon it till its young ones be excluded Solinus saith That in the Indian Sea there are Tortoises of so great a magnitude that their shells open at the bottom and joyned at the top make so large houses for the vulgar Indians that a numerous family may dwell therein Yea some use them in stead of Boats wherein they sayl from one Isle to another in the Red-Sea With the Troglodites they are cornigerous but less then the Indian Tortoises are of much use Vires both in Cibaries and Medicine for their decoction helps such as are consumed and attenuated and therefore they usefully ingrede the confecture of the resumptive Syrupe Many delight in their flesh but it is such a deformed Animal in head tail feet form colour and spots resembling the Serpentine kinde that nature seems to note it as offensive and unwholesome which they also confess who love it but that its dressing and condiments make it less noxious for else it were horrid CHAP. 28. Of Frogs MYropolists use whole Frogs in the composition of Vigonius his salve which the Author described for the cure of a disease proper to his own Nation Sylvius also saith Their decoction will ease the Tooth-ache if the mouth be washed therewith their ashes with Pitch according to Dioscorides or rather with Honey according to Pliny will bring again fallen hairs The Emplaisters wherewith they are mixed are thence siccative and discussive especially in the dolours of the junctures They are Antidotal against Serpentine poysons according to Dioscorides if they be decocted eaten with Salt and Oyl and their broth supped But all Frogs are not edible whereof there are many varieties for some delight solely in water and live there ordinarily others on the dry soyl others also are amphibious living equally on the water and earth Some of the watery Frogs live in Fenny and muddy places and are pernicious acceding near the nature of Toads others live in limpid and fountain water and are wholesome and reposed among Cibaries Some of those that feed on dry soyls live amongst reeds others amongst bryars and thorns the former which are least of all are called Calamitae and the latter Rubetae by the Latines by the Greeks Phrynoi which are as pernicious as the Palustrian Frogs those they call Dryophites which climb up Oaks and live in or about them and the Diopetes which fall with storms and warm showers out of the air are no better then the rest All of them are mute in winter except the watery Frogs which at the end of Winter and beginning of the Spring begin to croak to wit when Tadpoles are procreated in putrid waters which some falsly call Frogs-sperm or Frogs-egges Arist Hence many have derided the Medicament of a certain Alchymist who prescribes the water of Frogs-sperm to the Pimples and swellings of the face eyes and the whole body whereas he might hunt exenterate dissect exhaust and search the seminals of all the Frogs in France and never get so much sperm as would wet the bottome of his Metal-pan Experience also shews and learned Rondeletius hath averred That Tadpoles come of Mud and turn not into Frogs All Frogs besides the watery ones are pernicious and malign as also those of them also that are maculated with black spots like Toads of whose nature they participate and those that use them for meat are infected with a plumbeous colour Wherefore they should not be taken save for Physick for they putrifie the body Yet some put Palustrian Frogs others Rubetae to the confection of Jo. de Vigo his salve but I think amphibious Frogs are better For the Rubetae which live among bryars thorns and dry soyls being venenate and acrimonious impart a certain quality to the Medicament whereby it vellicates the skin and raises lumps and the water are not so efficacious therefore those that live partly in water and partly on the land must be elected as best CHAP. 29. Of Crab-fishes THere are innumerable varieties of shelled fishes some whereof have long bodies as Locusts and Lobsters others round as all the troop of Sea-Crabs and fresh-water Crabs whereof there are fewer varieties As some of Sea-Crabs are greater as those we call Maeae and Paguri and others lesser which we call Pinnophylaces so some of the fresh-water Crab-fishes are great broad-footed like the Sea-Crabs but greater others little ones which we use in Meats and Medicaments as by Avicenna's counsel to refresh such as labour in the Hectick Feaver and such as are bitten by mad Dogs as also to ingrede some mundificative Unguents Rondeletius hath largely described the whole kinde of Crabs Lib. 18. de Piscibus Lib. particulari de fluviatilibus as also Matthiolus upon Dioscorides For it is enough for us to mention these and to treat more copiously of such things as do but sometimes accede to Medicine CHAP. 30. Of Vipers VIpers flesh siccates Vires and digests potently and califies moderately its faculty hastens it to the skin propelling the excrements and poyson of the body if any thither whence we make it into Theriacal Trochisks as we have shewed in our Antidotary and of them we make that famous Theriacal confection so much commended against venenated affections Now those are call'd Theriacal Medicaments which cure the poysonous bitings of venenate Animals or heal such as have received harm by the biting breathing licking or touching of venenate Animals They are also called Alexipharmacal Medicaments which arceate peril by poyson but others will have them onely so called which by introsumption at the mouth cure poysons Now Theriacal comes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is from wilde and venenate Animals rather then from some certain sort of Serpents though a Viper whose Male is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Female 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 be sometimes by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for it being the most notorious of Serpents and wilde Beasts it vendicates this name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Medicament which admits of its flesh is nevertheless denominated Theriacal from its efficacy in curing the bites and poysons of wilde beasts and not because of that ingredient A Viper is ordinarily of a cubits length and often longer of a subflave colour maculated with many round spots the male is by the Greeks called Echis its head is angust and acute its neck crasser and body slenderer then the Female its tail like that of other Serpents grows more gracile by degrees and not on a sudden as that of the Female it hath sharper scales at the end of its tail which when moved it erects just as an angry Cock doth his Plumes in fighting He hath two Canine teeth the Female more according to that of the Poet Huic gemini apparent dentes in carne venenum Fundentes verubus sed Foemina pluribus atrox He also hath a passage in his tail neerer his belly then that of the
or cocted in Dishes that the pulveration and coction of each part may be equal and with these he records the Medicaments in idoneous vessels and with these takes them out for uses Now Spatulaes are broad at one end like the blade of a bone which the Barbarians call Spatulae The figure of these Spatulaes is all one to wit triangular and oblong but their matter diverse for some are made of Silver as those little ones which Chirurgeous use others of Wood as thâ—â— rudicle wherewith they agitate the palmeous Emplaister while it is cocting which is made of a Palm-bough others of Iron as almost all the rest whether great or small wherewith Apotheâ—â—ries work their soft Medicaments as Honey Winter-oyl liquid Electuaries and the like confections The Shon spoons are made of Iron and Copper the Table spâ—ons of Silver and of Wood for the Rustick and poorer people 〈…〉 make little ones of Ivory and Horn which serve for measuring 〈…〉 and putâ—ing them into the scales Many also of these materials are used in Kitchins to despumate decoctions Wood and Silver Spoons are also used in Shops but not Glass ones because they are so easily frangible nor Iron ones because they contract rust as Brasen ones also but they may use any of them so the servants have a care to keep them clean and absterge them as soon as they are inquinated CHAP. 5. Of their Caldrons and other Metalline Vessels MAny take Ahenum and Cacabum for the same but in proper locution Ahenum is a brasen vessel profund and operculated with a handle on the one side whereby it may be holden in ones hand and shut at ones pleasure it serves especially for elixating of water in which must either be drunk alone or mixed with some Wine Rich men for sanity or rather vanities sake have such vessels of Silver that the cocted water may not smell of Copper A Dish is another brasen vessel much broader and larger wherein Simples are cocted Compounds made and Fruits condited it hath two ears or handles on each side one that it may be set on or taken off the fire more easily it is set on the fire upon a three-footed Iron Instrument with hot coals under it that the liquor therein contained may boil A Pottenger is another aeneous small but patulous vessel whereunto a long start and a ferreous handle is suffixed that it may be more commodiously set on the fire and holden in either hand Such Medicaments as are given in small quantity are cocted herein as one dosis of a Medicament a small Electuary a Rosaceous Julip and the like A Frying-pan is another kinde of dish very patulous with a long start which they use in Kitchins to fry flesh in shops to fry seeds in as Coriander with Vinegar to castigate some quality in it Millet-seed with Wine or some other liquor fit for some part A Caldron is another brasen vessel which suspended on a Chimney-hook hangs over the fire that whatsoever is contained in its cavity may be cocted But seeing this and more of the vessels are culinary ones I shall not need to stand any longer upon their description especially seeing the Apothecary knows them well who uses them often to prepare the decoctions of Simples and to the preparation of Syrupes Unguents and other Confections CHAP. 6. Of Torculars and Presses PHarmacopolists have also their little Torculars wherewith they express succes and oyls by pressure and this sort of Press is made of two short pieces of wood alike in form and magnitude each whereof have two holes so cunningly excavated that within they seem to be two carved circles not recurring one against another wherein two iron Rods are introduced which by turning extrinsecally abduce the beams and open the Press but by prying intrinsecally adduce and shut it pressing the interposed matter and expressing its watry or oleous succe There should be two Presses in each Pharmacopoly one to express aqueous succes out of green fruits and herbs and another oleous out of Olives Such things as are to be pressed should by coction or triture be prepared for the press by coction thus flesh must be prepared whose expressed succe is given to such as are tabid and lean by long diseases by triture as some oleaginous Woods Fruits and Seeds which last lest they should leap and flie away must be included in a bag or a strong cloth that they may be better compressed and the tenuious substance more easily separated from the crass one Thus Oyle of Almonds is educed thus the juyce of Lentisks Dates Nuts Line-seed and the like is expressed as we shall hereafter shew CHAP. 7. Of Sieves and Incernicles PHarmacopolists have now got a custom to call those Instruments which separate the purer portion of the Medicament from the crasser Sieves but this rustick enunciation is too licentious and abusive since rusticks Sieves not Apothecaries Instruments are made of skins perviated with many but small holes to purge Corn with There are also other Sieves made of Horses hairs intertexed like a web to segregate the Bran from flower which Aromataries sometimes use in dividing their Powders and purging their Prunes and Cassia-Fistula from their stones and seed which by them are called seraceous subcirnicles and sometimes excussive incernicles because agitated betwixt their hands they excuss the small Powder They are sometimes made of Wood as when Teile-bark is discerpted into long and small fibres and lattice-wise connexed for the cribration of crasser Powders There are many common Sieves but one peculiar to Aromataries which being contexed with more artifice they call Tamis it is sometimes made of Horses hair often of fine linen and oftest of silk operculated above and below with a Rams skin upon a bending VVood that the Powder received in the one casket may by cribration pass into the other without any loss by prosilition Some of these are less then others which are more idoneous for suparating precious Powders which are onely softly holden in ones hard and the Powder delabes without violence others do not transmit the tenuious Powder without much percussion There is yet another kinde of sieve in form of a great box much in use in whose middle a certain web is intended through which the Powders superimposed fall into the inferiour part of the box The trajection of the Powder will be more easie and quick if a Tinne or Silver weight be superposed together with the Powder that by its motion and gravity may impel the excussive sieve against some solid body All sieves and incernicles serving to segregate dry things must be moved agitated and impelled but for moist things they must remain quiet and immote yet the trajection of the things to be separated may be helped by a Spoon or Manipulus as the pulpes of Tamarinds Cassia or Prunes as also Roots and herbs first cocted to putrelage then transmitted by this adjument for the confection of Cataplasms CHAP. 8. Of Colatories or Strainers NEither
use them wholly or some part or excrement of them to the curation of our diseases nutrication of our bodies or instauration of our strength for Musk and Givet though excrements wonderfully roborate the heart and spirits Insects are integrally usurped such as be Spanish-Flyes Asels Worms Lizards Ants Vipers Scorpions Frogs Crabs Swallows and some littles Birds The Medicinal parts of Animals are many as a mans scull unburied a Harts heart-bone Sparrows and Hares brains Boars and Elephants teeth Frogs hearts Foxes Lungs Goats Livers Wolves intestines Beavers and Cocks testicles Hogs bladders Harts genitals Serpents skins Mans Hogs Gooses Sheeps Ducks Badgers Conies Goats Snakes and Land-Snakes fat Harts Calves and Goats marrow Mans Stock-Doves and Goats blood all Milk and all that comes of it as Whey Cheese and Butter Hens Partridges and Ants eggs Honey Wax Propolis Harts Does and Unicorns horns Elkes Oxes and Goats Cleyes Oysters Margarites and many fishes shells And seeing excrements have their Medicinal vertues Pharmacopolists must also have them in keeping as Goats Dogs Storks Peacocks and Stock-Doves dung Sheeps grease Silk Musk Civet and the hairs of some Animals And that I may briefly complect all all the simple Medicaments we have described in our three Books of Medicinal matter are necessary for a Pharmacopolist CHAP. 35. Of Compound Medicaments to be kept in Pharmacopolies VVHen the Pharmaceutrical Art was not yet reducted to an Art nor any Medicaments save a few described or digested into order then what compounds should be retained and what rejected was not determinable Nicolaus Praepositus indeed described many Medicaments some whereof he himself disapproves of others he transcribed not faithfully and others he depraved by changing something in them so that from his writings we cannot conjecture what to keep or what not Nic. Alexandrinus heaps up such a mole of Medicaments that they would rather puzzle then help an Apothecary Actuarius also Aetius and Oribasius describe many which consisting of unknown and rare Simples are found either inept or neglected as indued with no eximious qualities Amongst the latter Writers Ferneleus Sylvius and Rondeletius have diligently examined the Medicaments invented by the Ancients and have rejected some as inconcinnate others they have proved illustrated and commended as invented by riper Judgements and indued with Nobler faculties I have diligently selected the most excellent from learned men and the most approved from old and expert men and of them extracted my Pharmaceutrical shop or Antidotary orderly composed into six books wherein all the approved troop of Alterative Purgative and Roborative Medicaments are described which being used either by intrinsecal assumption or extrinsecal adhibition I have exhibited those to be introsumed if Alteratives in form either of syrupes or sapes or conserves or eclegms if Purgatives either in the form of a liquid Electuary or a solid one or Trochisks or Pills if Roboratives either in form of a powder or an opiate confection or of Pastils those to be extraneously adhibited either in form of an Oyl or an Unguent or a salve All which receipts and forms of Medicaments we have exhibited in distinct Books and Chapters described in a good method wherein all the Medicaments are contained wherewith Pharmacopolies should be furnished and guarded He shall require no more neither can he be well furnished with fewer who desires well to cure the several affections of mans body The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY THE FIRST BOOK Of Alterative and Preparative Medicaments Distinguished into eight SECTIONS The first whereof describes onely Syrupes selected and approved by long use THE PREFACE HOw necessary a Method is in delivering of Disciplines I think is well known to any moderately-learned man For without a method there is no certain rule neither for Learner or Teacher to walk by but with this Arts are more firmly established their Theorems more optably read and easily learned Yet you shall scarce finde two who in writing Antidotaries have kept in one rode or disposed their Compounds in one order Some preposterously propose Nic. Praepositus for their example who himself imitating one Nic. Alexandrinus out of whose Works he excerpted those his Works he calls Joan. Agricol Ammonius and M. Tatius Alpin went on Alphabetically treating first of those Medicaments which begun with the letter A then with the letter B and so he spoke promiscuously of the Antidotes Acetum Scylliticum and Amylum Sylvius Fernelius and Joubertus of the later Writers have assayed by certain Laws and Rules to establish an orderly and duly-disposed method yet they much dissent among themselves and what one of them approves another disapproves yet all think that order is best which curation prescribes for a series of words onely demonstrate We have observed this method in our Shop wherein are contained all Medicaments for the expugnation of all diseases not confusedly described but such as must be introsumed are digested in the former part of the Antidotary such as must be extrinsecally adhibited in the latter part thereof The first part is distributed into three Books the first whereof treats of Alterative and Preparative Medicaments the second of Purgatives and the third of Cordials or Roboratives Each Book is disterminated into many Sections and they subdivided into many Chapters the first whereof treats of Syrupes and first of such as are made of the first and Spring-flowers as Syrupe of Violets Syrupe of Coltsfoot and of the flowers of Peach-trees CHAP. 1. Syrupus Violarum or Syrupe of Violets â„ž of Violet flowers fresh and picked 2 lb. Infuse them eight houres in 5 pints of hot scalding water in a close * * * An Insusionpot The Author appoints an equal quantity of sugar to the infusion pot well glazed afterwards press them out and the same Infusion made hot again adde to it the same quantity as before of fresh Violets Infusing them 8 hours more and so sive times repeated adde to the Colature 10 lb. â„¥ x. of Loaf-sugar and so make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Nature alone confects no Syrups but they acquire their mixtion coction and consistence by Art yet that which is made of Violets Water and Sugar onely is called a simple Syrupe in reference to the more compound which besides these admit of the seeds of Quinces Mallowes Jujubs Sebesten and the water of Gourds whose Authour they make Mesue but that I know of I never found it thus confected in him That which we call the Simple Syrupe is made in every Pharmacopoly but not alike simply confected for it is sometimes made of the succe of Violets and Sugar sometimes of the same infused and expressed twice thrice or oftener for many infuse and macerate new Violets seven times others eight and some nine But Fernelius thinks that so oft iterated infusion is needless They in vain saith he reiterate the maceration of Violets nine times for Syrupe of Violets seeing after the third or fourth infusion the Syrupe will be as efficacious as after more But I
think that better which is confected by many infusions Some put the expressed succe of Violets others the conserve of Violets in this syrupe incrassated by coction to make it more Violaceous others make it of pure succe of Violets and white sugar others coct their sugar first to the consistence of an Electuary and afterwards with the said succe of Violets into the crassitude of a syrupe Many put a difference betwixt the syrupe of Violets and the Violaceous syrupe calling that the syrupe of Violets which is made of purged flowers and that violaceous which is made of integral and not purged ones and this indeed hath less of Violets faculties in it but it is more solutive for the herbaceous part is emollitive as well as its leaves some put onely four pounds of sugar to five of succe and coct it into the consistence of a syrupe Syrupe of Violets breaks the acrimony of Choler tempers the heat of the bowels subduces the belly Qualitates and conduces to the vices of the breast It is a special auxiliatory in pectoral and lateral inflammations and against the roughness of the Aspera arteria and is very good against the heat of Fevers cholerick and acute diseases the ardour of the intrails and will quench thirst CHAP. 2. Syrupus Tusilaginis or Syrupe of Coltsfoot â„ž of Coltsfoot fresh m. vj. Maiden-hair m. ij Hyssop m.j. Liquorice â„¥ ij boyl them in four pintes of water till the fourth part be consumed let the Colature be clarified and adde thereunto of the finest sugar lb iij. boyl it up to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is denominated from Tussilage as from its basis which ingredes it in greater quantity Its author is uncertain and thence its preparation various But we have exhibited the best description appointing the four prescribed simples to be cocted in four pounds of water but lightly Those that make this syrupe in the beginning of the spring take only the flowers of Tussilage those that make it in summer adde as much of the green leaves as they take of its green flowers Some make it in the middle of summer onely of the succe of its leaves depurated and sugar it may be very well made of the decoction of the flowers and sugar and be called simple syrupe in reference to the former more compound which admits of the true Maidens-hair in stead whereof Polytrichum may be substituted It helps shortness and difficulty of breathing the asperity of the windpipe it cocts moves and expectorates spittle but it must be licked like an Eclegm that it may stick longer in the Osophage and reach the amplitude of the asper artery CHAP. 3. Syrupus florum Persicorum Or Syrupe of the flowers of Peaches Tree â„ž of Peach flowers fresh lb j. Infuse them in three pintes of warme Water for xij hours afterwards Boyl them a little and express them and let the like quantity of flowers be again infused in the same Colature and this repeated five times and to the Colature adde lb iij. of sugar which Boyl into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is either made of the fruits or the flowers of the Peach-tree that which is made of its fruits is seldom in use as Christophorus Mesues commentator confesses and it is made in the beginning of Autume as that of the flowers in the beginning of the Spring Three things require that this syrupe be made of fewer infusions to wit the loss penury and amaritude of the flowers the loss of the flowers which can be regained by no Art for the flowers being evelled new ones grow not again that year and the tree remains fruitless the Penury of them for this tree is sative onely and without culture bears no fruit their Amaritude which will be more intolerable by how much the infusions are more This syrupe educes water and choler Vires kills worms frees the Mesentery from infarctures for it opens the passages incides and educes the humours CHAP. 4. Syrupus de Lupulo Or Syrupe of Hops â„ž of the clarified juyce of Hops lb iiij the juyce of Fumatory lb ij white sugar lb vj. Boyl them according to Art and make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY All do not describe this syrupe alike for some make it onely of the succe of Hops and Sugar others adde the succe of Fumatory to whose judgment I rather incline for thus its faculties are bettered it must not be made till the season in the Spring be pretty hot for till then the Fumatory whose succe is required appears not otherwise it must onely be made of the succe of Hops depurated and Sugar cocted to legitimate spissitude It allayes the heat of the intrails Vires attenuates cold and crass humours educes hot ones it conduces to the Jaundies Leprosie and all diseases caused by obstructions CHAP. 5. Syrupus Rosarum Pallid or Syrupe of Damask Roses â„ž of Damask Roses fresh lb vj. infuse them eight hours in a close vessel in lb xv of warm Water afterwards express the flowers and let the same quantity be again infused and this repeated nine times and to the Colature adde an equal weight of Sugar to the infusion and so Boyl it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some put not so much sugar to it but coct it longer till it grow thick and then it is more purgative but less grateful to the palate many following Mesues advice keep the first though twice-iterated infusion in a glass well operculated putting Oyl upon it and insolating it forty days and they call this maceration of Roses not expressed but infused Mucharum Rosarum But lest some should judge us unmindeful of our purpose because promising to treat here onely of Alterative and Preparative Medicaments we have adjoyned syrupe of Roses which is absolutely Purgative we Answer that we describe the most usual syrupes in the same order that the season of the year gives them not remitting the Purgative which are very few till we treat of such Medicaments besides these that do purge they do it so ignavely that they are rather Preparatives then Purgatives It is alterative and Hydragogous for it tempers hotter humours Vires educes watry ones from very remote parts if it be taken in great quantity when it is new made it is more Purgative when older less it may safely be given to old men and children CHAP. 6. Syrupe of Hispidula or Aelurope vulgarly called Cats-foot â„ž of the tops of the flowers of Cats-foot lb j. infuse them a whole night and day in warm water lb v. afterwards Boyl them gently upon a small fire till lb iiij of the Colature remains to which adde Sugar lb iij. and so boyl it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY It is fure enough that this syrupe hath been but of late use for they of our age invented it and being imboldened by much experience approved of it Joannes Gonerius a Parisian Apothecary and perite Medick first made it at Paris who
seeing the Plant whereof it was made coming from the Turenian fields sought and found great plenty of it in fields near Paris and of them he made his syrupe annually not borrowing elswhere It is variously called to wit Hispudula Guaphilium Coronario Aelurope or Cats-foot and improperly Harts-foot This syrupe is multifariously made and yet none hath hitherto published its confections some onely take the summities of the Plant or its Down and macerate them in water others take its flowers and leaves to whom I easily assent for thus it becomes more astrictive and more convenient to stay fluxes others adde to its decoction Liquorice Jujubs Raisins Barley and other bechical matters But this description we have exhibited is most usual whereunto if we adde half a pound of rosaceous sugar its quality will be more bechical and cordial and its sapour more gracious The manner of its preparation is so easie that it needs no further dilucidation then that which is in its perspicuous description if no Plant but the dry one can be got then its quantity must be less and the waters greater This syrupe is eximious against many affections of the Lungs for Vires Aelurope or Hispudula being a vulnerary Plant and astrictive it doth not onely cure wounds and hinder Ulcers but heal many other vices It is most convenient for such as have fluxes descending into their breast or have their Lungs infarciated with much pituitous humours for it cohibits the violence of the falling humour cocts the flux roborates the part affected and moves expectoration CHAP. 7. Syrupus Papaveris simp or The Simple Syrupe of Poppy Mes â„ž of the heads of white and black Poppy of each â„¥ xij ss macerate them a whole day in lb iiij of rain-Rain-water and to lb j. of the Colature adde Sugar and Penidees of each â„¥ vj. or lb ss and so boyl them into the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Mesue calls this syrupe Simple in reference to the more compound whose confection hath many lenitives as the seeds of Lettice Mallows Quinces Jujubs Maidens-hair also and Liquorice ingrede whereunto if need be Fernelius would have syrupe of Violets or Jujubs to make up this simple syrupe he advises also to adde less of black Poppy because its use is not safe and augment the quantity of the white To which assertion Joubertus assents against Rondeletius and prescribes forty dragms of the black to eighty of the white Vulgar Apothecaries call this Syrupe Diacodium but imperitely for Diacodium is reposed among the Opiates yet one may supply the defect of the other when sleep should be conciliated Poppies heads by Galens advice must be so long cocted after maceration till they be flaccid and marcid and not till the third or fourth part of the water be left for we cannot express their succe but when they are marcid and therefore it is in vain to coct them longer Rain-water is the best in defect whereof we may use fountain-water if it be limpid insipid and void of qualities and therefore the water conducted in leaden pipes must not be accepted because there is mud in them and hence he that drinks the dregs of such water will be overtaken with the Dysentery though in other cases they be wholesome The Ancients Diacodium was made in form of an Opiate and very ungrateful for it admitted of no sugar but many insuave and it is probable useless things it is not now made but in its stead this syrupe made of the decoction of Poppies heads and sugar which many call improperly Diacodium Syrupe of Poppy conciliates sleep Vires mitigates the temper of the cholerick humour and allayes the Cough it becomes more bechical by the access of Penidia which the Arabians call Alphenicum because of its whiteness for it is a most white confection of sugar so long cocted in the decoction of Barley till it acquires a ductile consistence and may be handled ducted and formed with ones hands into Pastils and Rowls intorted like ropes CHAP. 8. Syrupus Papaveris Erratici or Syrupe of Red-Poppy â„ž of the infusion of Red-Poppies twice or thrice reiterated lb ij Sugar lb j. ss Sugar of Roses â„¥ iiij boyl it into a Syrupe according to Art The COMMENTARY Some contend that this syrupe should be made of more infusions but two or three are sufficient for in so poriferous Medicaments no intenseness of faculties are requisite moreover so many infusions will make the colour and sapour of the syrupe more ingrateful The proportion of water to the sugar is the same in this with that in syrupe of Roses None of the Ancients spoke of this syrupe of Poppy but the later age found it good against the Pleurisie at the beginning thereof for it is astrictive roborative bechical and hypnotical it cohibits the humours falling down from the head upon the lungs and that it may better effect this some sugar of Roses must be added it may be safely given from half an ounce to an ounce and a half and to two ounces to the more valid especially if the Pleurisie be but beginning or not farre gone for it will either stay the former flux or hinder the rising of another CHAP. 9. Syrupus Nympheae or Syrupe of Water-Lillies â„ž of Water-Lillies lb ij infuse them six or seven hours in hot boyling water lb iij. afterwards boyl them a little and to the Colature adde again the same quantity of fresh flowers and let this be repeated three times and to the Colature adde an equal quantity of Sugar to boyl it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some make this syrupe onely of one infusion but that is more efficacious which is confected of two or three the green herbaceous and flave part also of the flower should be rejected and onely the white retained This is simple in reference to one more compound described by Franciscus-Pedomontanus which is seldome used because the Simple one is more easie of preparation and no less efficacious Moreover the description of the Compound is by some disallowed of by some changed by some the quantity of its ingredients is augmented by others diminished its description is well known This syrupe refrigerates much Vires cohibits venereous dreams restrains the immoderate flux of the sperm conciliates sleep allayes the heat of the bowels and abates the ardour of Fevers CHAP. 10. Syrupus Capil vener Com. or Syrupe of common Maiden-hair â„ž of the true Maiden-hair of the common Maiden-hair wall-Rue Spleen-wort Salvia vita of each m.j. Liquorice bruised â„¥ ij infuse them twelve hours in a sufficient quantity of water afterwards boyl them gently till it comes to lb v. adde to the Colature White Sugar lb iiij and so make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This is the most usual description of this syrupe whereunto some adde Raisins and Liquorice others Jujubs but none of these please Fernelius who thinks that the syrupe is made more ignave and weak by the admistion hereof but
Liquorice may be added for besides its sweetness it hath a quality like the capillaries yet some reject it because it makes the syrupe more flave but the quality and vertue must be more looked after then the colour The Parisian Apothecaries make it accurately according to the description here given and it is most eximiously Medicinal they that do otherwise mixing but a small quantity of capillaries and macerating them lightly make indeed a pellucid syrupe but both in colour and vertue aqueous and so defraud the Patient of his expectation and the Physician of his scope This is the most celebrated of Preparative syrupes Vires for it is very useful to oppugne all affections of the breast liver spleen reins uterus and to tenuate and prepare humours for it tempers and cocts choler incides phlegme makes the melancholical humour easie to be expurged yea often subduces the belly by much use it moves expectoration incides and cocts the humours contained in the Lungs and educes them by a second purge CHAP. 11. Syrupus capel Vener Monspelie or Syrupe of Monspelian Maidens-hair ℞ of Maiden-hair fresh and cut m.ij. infuse it twelve hours in a sufficient quantity of water afterwards boyl it a little clarifie the Colature and to lb v. thereof adde lb iiij of Sugar to boyl it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is most frequently and simply compounded in the City Montpessier being onely made of the light decoction of true Maidens-hair clarified and sugar cocted to the consistence of a syrupe For thus it is most grateful both in colour and sapour and yet that is more grateful to the palate which admits of Rose-water which is adjected by the Court-Apothecaries that they may by guile rather then science gain their Princes and Nobles grace and get their money by subtilty It is of affine qualities but more imbecile then that which admits of all the Capillaries and Liquorice for it is more ignave in inciding and attenuating the humours and opening the passages and that is most imbecile which admits of rose-Rose-water Vires for its faculty being somewhat astrictive reluctates with those of the Capillaries CHAP. 12. Syrupus de quinta radicibus or Syrupe of the five opening roots ℞ of the root of Smallage Fennel Parsly Butchers broom Asparagrass of each ℥ iiij boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till it comes to lb iiij adde thereunto as much Sugar as will make it up into a Syrupe according to art The COMMENTARY The roots must be first cleansed then washed cut in pieces their middle cut out and rejected then brayed and cocted some would have the coction made in eight pounds of water cocted to five whereunto when strained and clarified they adde four pound of Sugar which manner and proportion I approve of Some would have some Vinegar added to the decoction that its incisive faculty may be augmented but when use calls for it it may be diluted in some attenuating opening or other fit liquour as the Medicks scope requires Some make it onely of two roots to wit Petroseline and Fennel roots but seeing it is less efficacious and the other roots easily attainable it is better to make it with five roots and then they shall not need that which is made of two But if one more studious of curiosity then necessity would rather have it of two let him take of Petroseline and Fennel-roots each four ounces coct them in a sufficient quantity of water and adde to two pounds of the colature two pounds of Sugar and make a syrupe It incides and attenuates crass and glutinous humours Vires diduces the passages removes obstructions expels Urine moves fluors ejects sand and emends the foetid colour of Virgins and the Jaundies CHAP. 13. Syrupus de Althea or Syrupe of Marshmallows Des Fer. ℞ of the roots of Marshmallows ℥ ij red Licers ℥ i. of the roots of Grass Asparagrass Liquorice Raisins stoned of each ℥ ss the tops of Marsh-mallowes Mallowes Pellitory Pimpinel Plantain both the Maiden-hairs of each m j. of the four greater and lesser coole seeds of eachʒ iij. boyl them in lb vj. of water till four remain and with lb iij. of Sugar make it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY The use of this syrupe is much celebrated in Paris both for its eximious faculties and its Authors dignity to whom posterity is much engaged for his illustration of the Medicinal Art and for those many Medicaments wherewith he hath furnished Apothecaries shops Syrupe of Althea is most useful to sanative Medicks its preparation is thus The roots must first be purged and washed then cocted afterwards the Liquorice must be cocted for by long coction it grows bitter then the herbs and afterwards the seeds be made in water to the dissipation of its third part Why liquorice must not be long boyled for longer coction makes the decoction more viscid all the Simples whereof it consists are dilucidly explicated in the first Book of Medicinal Matter This syrupe expurges crass and pituitous matters Qualitates takes away obstructions impels the sand in the Reins and abates the heat of Urine CHAP. 14. Syrupus de Cichor comp cum Rhaeo or Syrupe of Succory compounded with Rhabarb Des Nic. Florent ℞ of the roots of Smallage Fennel Asparagrass Barley whole of each ℥ ij The herbs of Succory Dandilyon Endive smooth Sowthistle of each ℥ ij both the Lettices Liverwort Fumatory Hops an m.j. both the Maiden-hairs Wall-rue Ceterach Liquorice Winter-cherries the seeds of Dodder of eachʒ vj. Boyl these in lb xij of water or a sufficient quantity till a third part be consumed to the Colature adde lb vj. of Sugar which boyl up to a Syrupe and in the boyling to every pound of the Syrupe adde of Rhabarb ℥ ss and Spikenard ℈ iiij tyed up in a rag and hung in the Syrupe The COMMENTARY Nicolaus Praepositus whom most Apothecaries have as president doubles the quantity of Rhabarb prescribed eight times and addes four ounces of Rhabarb to every pound of syrupe so that for every ounce of syrupe there are four dragms of Rhabarb and thus it is made all over Paris That it may be exhibited when use calls for it without delay some onely quadruplicate or triplicate the quantity This so ample quantity of Rhabarb displeases Fernelius Joubertus and others as being of no utility but much loss who think that it were more profitable when use calls for it to infuse some Rhabarb in a convenient decoction and mix it with the syrupe because its purgative faculty perishes by coction and asservation Yet they act prudently that make it with eight times as much Rhabarb though its faculties be more imbecile yet it hath other qualities thereby bettered The syrupe of Succory compounded with Rhabarb is alliotical Qualitates roborative and purgative it allayes the heat of the intrails demulceates the acrimony of choler opens the veins takes away obstructions roborates the liver
gently purges the stomack and uppâ—r region of the body educes hot and pituitous humours if it be assumed in great quantity it helps in all bilious diseases and it may be given safely to all ages and sexes That which is made without Rhabarb is called Simple syrupe though it admit of all the described Simples except Rhabarb and Spikenard But there is one farre more Simple made onely of the succe of Succory depurated and Sugar cocted to a legitimate spissitude Both of them are good for such as have hot livers stomacks and fevers and such as labour under the ardour of bowels and obstructions CHAP. 15. Syrupus de Endivia simplex or the Simple Syrupe of Endive â„ž of the Juyce of Endive clarified lb viij of white Sugar lb v. boyl them into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some conceive that this syrupe should be made of the succe of wilde Succory and Sugar others will rather have it of Endive because it is more refrigerative and not so bitter in other qualities they agree But seeing Intubus is the genus to all the differences of sative Succory as Endive and Broadleaf The syrupe may be made of each succe without discrepance and yet be called the Simple syrupe of Endive or Intubus nay some in a larger acceptation call it Syrupe of Succory there being so much affinity both in form and faculty betwixt the sorts of Succory and Intubus that each may be used for other without any manifest errour It mitigates the ardour of the Liver Vires extinguishes the heat of Fevers and obtunds Choler CHAP. 16. Syrupus de Fumar. simpl or The Simple Syrupe of Fumatory â„ž of the juyce of Fumatory clarified lb ij ss Sugar lb ij boyl it into a Syrupe according to Art The COMMENTARY There are two descriptions of the syrupe of Fumatory the one more compound consisting of more ingredients the other less consisting onely of the succe of Fumatory and Sugar The first being hard to make they often put to young Apprentices at Paris to try their ingeny and a syrupe prepared of those Simples which are described in its form is very insuave in odour and sapour and black of colour and therefore it cannot be an Alterative Medicament because ingrateful and ignave nor yet Purgative because inefficacious it is better therefore to keep the Simple syrupe in Pharmacopolies Now that it may be rightly made the succe of the Fumatory must be depurated in the sun when clarified mixed with an equal weight of sugar if the syrupe must be sweet if not less But when the Fumatory's amaritude would be ingrateful it must be dulcorated with more sugar Now Fumatory is a vulgar Plant whereof there are two sorts the one Hortensian and bulbous which is seldome used in Medicine the other equally growing in cultivated and incultivated fields of whose succe this syrupe is made It frees the Hypochondria from obstructions mitigates choler Vires prepares Melancholy succe and cures such Feavers as arise from the hot distemper of the Liver CHAP. 17. Syrupus de Fumaria major or The greater Syrupe of Fumatory D. Mes â„ž Mirobalan Citreor Chebul of each â„¥ ij ss of the flowers of Bugloss Borrage Violets the leaves of Wormwood Dodder of each â„¥ j. Liquorice Rose-leaves of each â„¥ ss Epithymus Polypody of the Oak of eachÊ’ vij Prunes a hundred Raisins stoned lb ss Tamarinds Pulp Cassia of each â„¥ ij Boyl them a little in water from lb x. till lb iij. remains to the Colature of which adde of the Juyce of Fumatory clarified and white sugar of each lb iij. make it into a syrupe according to Art The COMMENTARY But that I have seen this syrupe in many shops I should willingly have omitted it for many will reject it and think it not worth the description because of its sapour and colour Besides its description prescribes no order for its composition but it begins sometimes with Mirobolambs sometimes with Flowers sometimes with Plants leaves and sometimes with Roots and Fruits But that this composition may be rightly peracted first Polypody must be contunded and elixated whereunto when moderately cocted Prunes Raisins Wormwood Epithymum Binde-weed Roses and Liquorice must be added then all must boyl together till seven pounds of the water be absumed onely the flowers must be added a little before Sugar must be added to the Colature and all cocted to the consistency of a syrupe in the cocting the expressions of Cassia Tamarinds and Mirobolambs must be added and so the syrupe besides its other faculties will be Purgative It gently subduces the belly opens the passages Vires removes obstructions takes away all affections and vices of the skin arising from salt or adust humours CHAP. 4. Syrupus Buglossi Or Syrupe of Bugloss â„ž of the Juyce of Bugloss clarified lb vj. of the flowers of the same lb j. boyl them a little and to the Colature ad lb iiij of sugar boyl it up into the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe being easie to make and of eximious faculties may not be omitted That it may be duly made the brayed Bugloss must lie in a moist and cold place a whole night or a day then it must be calified and expressed for its succe being viscid will not otherwise be easily educed when it is expressed it must stand to subside Some contund the flowers of Bugloss and coct them a little in that succe when clarified others coct them in water and affund the colature with sugar upon the succe all which they coct to the consistence of a syrupe Some take onely the leaves others the roots of Bugloss but I hold the whole Bugloss more convenient Syrupe of Borrages succe is made after the same manner and works the same effects so that he that hath the one needs not the other It is good for such as are marcid with long grief and sadness Vires labour under the Hypochondriacal melancholy or splenatick affections CHAP. 19. Syrupus de succo Acetosae or Syrupe of the Juyce of Sorrel D. Mes â„ž of the Juyce of Sorrel depurated in the sun lb iij. white sugar lb ij Boyl them together and make it up into a syrupe The COMMENTARY This is the most Simple of syrupes some make it after the same manner with the former others coct sugar to the consistence of a solid Electuary whereunto they afterwards adde the depurated and percolated succe then fervefie the mixture till it attain the consistence of a syrupe But more frequently they coct purge and percolate the succe and mix it with clarified sugar which they coct to a syrupe but then its faculties are more imbecile This syrupe Vires according to Mesue its Authour abates bilious and pestilent fevers extinguishes the flammeous ardour of the heart and ventricles and contemperates the aestuating bowels CHAP. 20. Syrupus Acetatus simplex or The simple of Syrupe of Vinegar or Oxysacharum D. Mes â„ž of
the purest Sugar lb v. fountain-Fountain-water lb iiij boyl them together till half the water be consumed then adde white-wine Vinegar lb ij or 3 or 4 lb. according to the accidity required and so boyl it up into the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Though this syrupe may be made at any time yet we subjoyn it to the former because they have much affinity betwixt their faculties it is called Oxysacharum for the Vinegar and Sugar whereof it consists That it may be rightly made Mesue would have it cocted in Earthen Tinne or a Stone-vessel not Brass or Copper as some do some would have distilled Vinegar but its quality being very sharp it hurts the ventricle and nerves the common Vinegar is better and more accommodate whose various proportions the Authour may prescribe as the Medick would have it sharper or less sharp It refrigerates hot humours incides crass and viscid ones Qualitates attenuates and prepares them for expulsion it arceates putretude quenches thirst and allayes the inflammation of the bowels Myrepsus exhibits another simple syrupe of Vinegar whose use I approve of and it is thus described â„ž Vinegar â„¥ iiij Juyce of Pomegranates â„¥ viij sugar lb j. boyl it up to a fit consistency It is made as the former and both of them are called Simple syrupes in distinction to another more compound whose description Nic. Praepositus gives But seeing it is of rare or no use we shall omit it This incides crass humours moves and impels them if inherent Vires allays calid humours refrigerates the heat of the ventricle and liver and emends the corruption of the humours or any syrupe of Vinegar kills worms whether in the Intestines or in the Veins as I saw in one of Paris in whose basilical Vein was a worm of a palms length CHAP. 21. Syrupus de Byzant simp comp or The Syrupe of Dynari or the Byzantian Syrupe both Simple and Compound â„ž of the Juyce of Endive Smallage of each lb ij Hops Bugloss Borrage of each lb j. boyl them a little and clarifie them and to lb iiij of the Colature adde lb ij ss of sugar to make it up into a Syrupe The Compound you may thus confect â„ž of the aforesaid Juyces rightly clarified lb iiij in which boyl Rose-leaves â„¥ ij Liquorice â„¥ ss the seeds of Annis Fennel and Smallage of eachÊ’ iij. spikenardÊ’ iij. strain it and adde Vinegar lb ij the whitest sugar lb ij ss or lb iij. boyl them according to Art to the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Both the syrupes are usually made but he may omit the Simple one that makes the Compound as also the Compound syrupe of Vinegar for it will supply the want of both The Arabians call it Dynari because it purges the Ureters not from Denarium a piece of Money as some think neither can I credit Bern Dessennius who saith That this Name was invented by an inept and covetous fellow who by Dynari portended some sum of Money It is called the Byzantian syrupe from Byzantium or Constantinople where it is very frequent or was invented or else because Mesue had its description from some Byzantian Medick This syrupe opens Vires incides and attenuates it frees the Liver from obstructions as also the Spleen and Mesentery it helps the Jaundies moves fluors and cures Fevers which arise from viscid humours CHAP. 22. Syrupus de Moris comp or The compounded Syrupe of Mulberries â„ž of the Juyce of Mulberries not altogether ripe lb ss of the Juyce of red Black * * * Before they be ripe berries honey despumed of each lb j. ⸪ Wine boyled to a good consistence sapa â„¥ iiij boyl these according to Art to the consistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY As in stead of Diacodium which was made in form of an Opiate we use now the simple syrupe of Poppies so in stead of Diamorum the syrupe of Mulberries to whose confection some now adde the succe of Rassberries and of Straw-berries thus confecting it of three kindes of Berries others leave both out and sape also the succes must be cocted with honey to the consistence of a syrupe which is more dilute then Diamorum or Rob of Mulberries which is now seldome made most using this compound syrupe in its stead The simple syrupe of Mulberries also is very good which is made of 〈◊〉 succe and sugar whereunto if you adde a little Rose-watâ—â— It will be more grateful and efficacious in roborating and staying fluxes The compound syrupe cures the eroding Ulcers of the mouth Vires the affections of the teeth and gums the relaxation of the uvula or flesh in the orifice of the throat and all vices of the mouth It may be taken alone out of a spoon or diluted in some convenient decoction in form of a Gargarism CHAP. 23. Syrupus Ribes Berberis or Syrupe of Red-Currans or Berberries â„ž of the Juyce of Red-Currans or Berberries lb iiij sugar lb ij ss boyl them according to Art to the consistence of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY The vulgar French call this Grossula rubra the Moors Riben and the shop-men Ribes they are small round red fruits racemously coherent pregnant with much succe and small stones which tunded and pressed emit a succe which after clarification and colation must be mixed with sugar but the sugar must be added in less quantity to this then other cold succes because this succe will keep long without corruption and because by too much sugar its pergrateful acidity will be obtunded and the syrupe weakened Berberries succe must also be so extracted and so cocted with sugar into a syrupe Berberries is a word deduced from Avicenna's Amyrberis which Dodoneus makes Oxyacantha Syrupe of Ribes or Berberries stayes bilious vomiting Vires cures hot â—evers and Heart-aches quenches thirst and cohibits the immoderate Belly-flux CHAP. 24. Syr. de Agresta seu de Omphacio or The Syrupe of sowre Grapes â„ž of the Juyce of sowre Grapes depurated by residence lb v. white sugar lb iij. boyl them together to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Mesue makes it as the syrupe of the succe of Citrons therefore he confects it of Omphacium and a Julep which is of water and sugar in a Tinne or Potters-vessel not in a brasen or copper one the Omphacium must first be cocted to the thirds then the sugar must be added which must first be cocted in thrice as much water and clarified then the mixture must be fervefied into tâ—â—â—nsistence of a fyrupe Some saith Mesue adde Cloves but 〈◊〉 are better left out Their custome is commendable who first coct sugar to the consistence of an Electuary whereunto they then adde the succe and coct them lightly into a syrupe whereinto they inject the succe of immature Grapes that it may be more acid This syrupe benefits the heart Vires stayes vomitings and the bilious flux of the Belly quenches thirst allayes the heat of the
Bowels recreates the stomack loaden with hot humours cures bilious Fevers and is good against poysons Mesue CHAP. 25. Syrupus Limonum Granat or Syrupe of Lemmons and Pomegranates â„ž the Juyce of Lemmons or Pomegranates depurated in the sun and trajected thorow a woollen strainer lb v. white sugar lb iij. boyl them gently to the consistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY These two Syrupes are joyntly described because their Preparations are one the proportion of sugar to their succes the same and their faculties similar and affine Some coct the sugar to the consistence of a solid Electuary whereupon they affund their limpid succe agitate it with a Spatula and by gentle coction reduce it to a Syrupe And this preparation is good for thus the faculty of the succes is not obtunded by the fire but preserved whole and entire others elixate the succes to the consumption of their third part and thereupon affund a simple Julep and coct them into a Syrupe Some take the succes and dilute them in twice as much sugar and withall califie them together that they may better become a Syrupe and the Syrupe thus confected will keep best and hath a very idoneous consistence So the succes be acid enough it may also be made by insolation without fire by the addition of more sugar But the method prescribed is the easiest shortest and best way of making it and most in use Syrupe of Oranges and many other fruits may also be thus confected The syrupe of Lemmons asswages continual pestilent Vires and contagious Fevers and all diseases accompanied with great ardour it emends also the corruption of humours heart-ach and other heart-affections The syrupe of Pomegranates also recreates the heart â—â—cates putretude cures the diseases and vomitings of choler and stayes Belly-fluxes CHAP. 26. Syrupus Citoniorum simplex or The simple Syrupe of Quinces â„ž of the Juyce of Quinces lb x. boyl it till half be consumed let it stand two dayes to settle afterwards strain it and adde to it sugar lb iij. boyl it up into a syrupe The COMMENTARY The manner of confecting this syrupe is various for some adde Wine others Vinegar others both and many Aromata's and so make it a compound syrupe Some would have it more simple and make it without cocture purging its succe by residence and insolation then having clarified it with sugar percolate and coct it some dilute the sugar in water and coct it well and then adject the succe and elixate them a little into a syrupe others make it otherwise but the description we have given is most usual easie and best This syrupe roborates the ventricle stayes vomiting Vires represses belly-fluxes helps such as labour under the Dysentery Cholick bloody-flux immoderate flux of fluors or Haemorrhoids and stayes distillations falling from the head to the breast and inferiour parts CHAP. 27. Syrupus de Pomis simplex or the simple Syrupe of Apples â„ž of the Juyce of sweet-Apples the Juyce of sower-Apples of each lb v. boyl them till half be consumed then let it stand that it may settle afterwards strain it and with lb iij. of sugar make it into a syrupe The COMMENTARY Some to the confection of this syrupe select the succe of Redolent others of Russetins to whom I willingly assent though Rondeletius refragate who disproves the succe of Russetins upon very infirm grounds because their flesh is hard the succe of those they call Apples of Paradise is also very laudable Some immerge silk newly tincted with scarlet in the succe either before or after depuration till it be red and receive the vertue of the tincture and so become more excellent others put Orange-juyce to it but the description tradited is best according to Mesue Such Apples must be selected as are not onely fragrant with their suavity to recreate the heart but also subacid to exhilarate the parts appertaining to the hearts Oeconomy arceate putretude and contemperate Melancholical humours This syrupe of Apple-juyce incides and diminishes Melancholical humours Vires moves sudour abates the hearts palpitation helps its trembling and debility and according to Mesue prohibits swounding so that it is of perpetual use CHAP. 28. Syrupus Regis Saboris or King Sabor's syrupe D. Mes â„ž of the Juyce of sweet-smelling Apples lb iij. the clarified Juyce of Bugloss and Borage Let the Saffron be hung in a Nodule whilest the syrupe is a boyling of each lb ij the Leaves of Senna picked from its stalksÊ’ iiij Amseed â„¥ ss SaffronÊ’ ij sugar lb iiij boyl these according to Art to the consistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY No Pharmacopoly should be without this eximious syrupe to whose confection Senny must first be a little brayed then macerated a whole natural day with Anise in the succes described afterwards once or twice fervefied and strained the expression strained and clarified must be cocted into a syrupe Saffron bound in a linen cloth may be cocted in it it took its name from Sabor King of the Medes for the conservation of whose sanity it was invented and instituted It recreates the vital spirits Vires exhilarates the mind contemperates and purges melancholick humours attenuates crass and viscid humours discusses flatuosity gently subduces the belly and purifies the blood CHAP. 29. Syrupus Myrtinus comp or the compound Syrupe of Myrtle â„ž of the berries of the Myrtle-tree â„¥ ij ss white Sanders * * * Rhois Culinariae red Sumach Pomgranate flowers Berberies red Roses of each â„¥ j. ss Medlars lb ss let these be bruised and boyled in lb viij of water till it come to lb iiij adde thereunto of the Juyce of Quinces and Pomgranates of each lb ij Sugar lb v. boyl it to a syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe holds its old composition wherein many astrictives are mixed together to supply the defect of Myrtle-berries which are very rare whereof if there were any plenty it were better to make the syrupe onely of their succe and Sugar Valerius Cordus mixes it with the succe of wild Apples Fernelius of acid Pomegranates which I like not It roborates the ventricle and bowels Vires abates the antiquate belly-flux prohibits the eruption of blood and the deflux of all humours from the head to the inferiour parts CHAP. 30. Syrupus Menthae simp comp or the simple and compound Syrupe of Mint D. Mes â„ž of the Juyces of Mint clarified sweet Pomegranates and sowre of each lb j. Sugar and Honey as much as will make it into a syrupe The Compound is thus made â„ž of the Juyces of sweet and dulcoacid Quinces of acid and dulcoacid Pomegranates of each lb j. ss Muzorum Acido-dulcium macerate in these for 24 hours dried Mint lb j. ss red Roses â„¥ ij boyl them till half be consumed to the Colature adde lb ij of sugar and in the boyling hang in a ragÊ’ ij of Gallia Moschata The COMMENTARY These syrupes by the consent of the Author may
be made either with Honey or Sugar but that is better and more suave which admits of Sugar whereof Fernelius addes twice the quantity to the succe but the more usual way of confecting the compound admits of onely two pounds of Sugar as Mesue hints who in his own idiome calls Dulcoacid and Semi-mature fruits Muzae that is pleasant for then their sapour arrides the stomack He that hath the compound needs not the simple But if the Mint be dry its quantity is greater for it is enough that one pound ten ounces be cocted in the succes and as much Sugar added to this Colature for it will be very insuave if made as Mesue describes it It roborates the ventricle hinders heart-aches vomiting Vires sighing and belly-flux but the more compounded is better SECT II. Of Syrupes which may be made at any time IN the first Section we described in order such Syrupes as should be confected in the Spring Summer and Autumn for the end of the precedent season being one with the beginning of the consequent those Syrupes which are made in the end of the Spring may as well be made in the beginning of Summer so that I would not disterminate the former Thirty Syrupes into exact Sections yet we have given their description in such order as the collection of the Simples required placing those first which are made of the first flowers of the Spring those last which are made of fruits in Autumn and those in the middle which are made of flowers roots succes and decoctions in Summer But in this Section we shall onely exhibit such as are or may be made in Winter or other seasons CHAP. 1. Syr. Rosar siccan or Syrupe of dry Roses D. Fernel ℞ of dryed * * * Red Roses Roses lb j. Infuse them 24 hours in hot boyling water lb iiij in the expression mix of the finest sugar lb ij boyl it up to the corsistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY Every one confects this syrupe after his own arbitration one while augmenting another while lessening the quantity of Roses sometimes iterating their maceration twice and sometimes oftner But no description can be more exact then this of Fernelius wherein is observed a due proportion of Roses to the water and of both to sugar and this syrupe confected with one maceration is all out as efficacious as any but red Roses must be selected not white or pale ones It stayes the belly-flux Vires roborates the internal parts gently deterges and agglutinates Ulcers asswages vomiting and cohibits Rheumatism CHAP. 2. Syrupus Reg. sive Alexand. c. or The Princely or Alexandrian Syrupe of old called The Julep of Roses ℞ of Damask rose-Rose-water lb iij. Loaf-sugar lb ij boyl it gently to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY He that considers this syrupe's perspicuity would with Mesue call it a Julep its consistence a Syrupe and its suavity a syrupe for Alexander or some Prince for both Kings and delicate persons delight to use it It is easie to make and may be made at any time and no Pharmacopoly can well be without it though our Ancestors knew not of it being not of skill to elicite Rhodostagme or rose-Rose-water Mesue describes another Julep of Roses made of their infusion after which manner two syrupes may be made one of pale Roses which is purgative and another of dry ones but neither of them are justly called Juleps This syrupe is cordial bechical roborative and alterative Vires helping the breast liver ventricle thirst and all ardour CHAP. 3. Syrupus de Absinthio or Syrupe of Wormwood D. Mes ℞ of dryed Roman Wormwood lb ss Roses ℥ ij Spikenardʒ iij. old white-wine Juyce of Quinces of each lb ij ss macerate them a whole day upon hot embers afterwards boyl them till half be consumed and to the Colature adde clarified honey lb ij to make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Dry Pontian or Roman Wormwood must be taken and minutely incided that it may be infunded with Roses and Spikenard in generous Wine as Muskadine or the like in an Earthen vessel leaded 24 hours upon the hot ashes that done they must be fervefied once or twice afterwards honey or rather sugar must be added some make two sorts one of honey and vulgar wormwood the other of sugar and lesser wormwood Some make this syrupe of one half pound of green wormwood in three pounds of water cocted to the third adding to the colature clear generous and ancient white-wine and the best white honey of each one pound and coct them to the consistence of a syrupe Which-ever of these wayes it is made it is very ingrateful and thence many rightly diminish the quantity of the wormwood and augment the sugar for those things that would roborate the ventricle if ingrateful subvert it This syrupe roborates the stomack Vires helps concoction excites appetite discusses flatuosity opens the veins and moves urine CHAP. 4. Syrupus de Stoechade or Syrupe of Stoecados D. Fernel ℞ of the flowers of Stoecados ℥ iiij Thyme Calamint Origanum of each ℥ j. ss Sage Betony the flowers of Rosemary of each ℥ j. ss the seeds of Rue Piony and Fennel of eachʒ iij. boyl them in lb x. of water till half be consumed and to the Colature adde sugar and heney of each lb ij make it into a syrupe aromatize it with Cinemon Ginger sweet-Cane of each 〈◊〉 tyed up in a linen rag The COMMENTARY Mesue gives two descriptions of this syrupe in both which he puts Pepper and Bartram which being hotter are rejected by Fernelius and he addes certain cephalical Medicaments to wit Sage Betony Poeony and Rosemary that it may acquire the effect the Author intends This syrupe is cognominated from its Basis to wit Staecados whereunto the rest are adjoyned to acquire more cephalical and noble faculties Sylvius permits it to be made with sugar and not honey for the more delicate It conduces to many affections of the brain Vires as Mesue attests to which it would nothing confer if it were made after his description for Stoechas which he puts for its Basis is more hepatical or splenical then cephalical therefore Fernelius addes many cephalicals which make his syrupe conduce to the Epilepsie Cramp Trembling and all cold affections of the brain CHAP. 5. Syrupus de Glycyrrhiza or Syrupe of Liquorice D. Mes ℞ of Liquorice scraped and bruised ℥ ij white Maiden-hair ℥ j. dryed Hyssop ℥ ss macerate them a whole day in lb iiij of rain-rain-water then boyl them till half be consumed to the Colature adde of the best honey penidees and sugar of each lb ss rose-Rose-water ℥ vj. and so boyl them into a syrupe The COMMENTARY Many do right in not cocting dry Liquorice long lest it grow bitter but put it in in the end of the coction they clarifie the Colature with Penidia Sugar and Honey then coct it to a syrupe adding thereunto some rose-Rose-water before it be perfectly cocted which
some disallow of because the syrupe is confected for purgation and the rose-Rose-water is astrictive to whose opinion Joubertus subscribing substitutes the water of the infusion of Roses as less astrictive but this water is therefore commixed that the syrupe may thereby participate of an astrictive quality and assumed in the beginnings of diseases stay the fluent humours and coct such as have delabed The infusion may be desumed for want of the water but not as less astrictive This syrupe consists not onely of simple but compound Medicaments to wit of Penidees which are made of Barly Water and Sugar cocted in such proportion and Art that a very solid mass arises thence so tractable that it adheres not to ones fingers but may be drawn into small long crass short or intorted threads alwayes white and hence its name is Alphenicum It stayes the humours flowing from the brain Vires cocts such as are fallen helps the cough and causes the expectoration of cocted humours CHAP. 6. Syrupus Jujubinar or Syrupe of Jujubees D.M. â„ž of Jujubees n. lx Violets the feeds of Mallows of eachÊ’ v. Liquorice scraped and bruised Maiden-hair Barley of each â„¥ j. the seeds of Quinces white Poppies Melons Lettice Gumme Thraganth of eachÊ’ iij. boyl them in lb iiij of fountain-Fountain-water to the Colature adde of sugar lb ij to bring it into the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY In confecting this syrupe the cleansed Barly must first be cocted then the Jujubs added then the Liquorice afterwards Maidens-hair and the seeds of Melons Lettice and Poppy at length Violet-flowers and Tragacanthum in the end lest by longer coction it become fume It should be included with Mallowes and Quinces-seed in a linen cloth and then cocted with the rest in four or five pounds of water to the absumption of the third part and elixated with the said quantity of sugar into the consistency of a syrupe the coction should not be to the half unless the weight of sugar be abated It conduces to hoarseness cough pleurisy it cocts Vires moves and educes spittle and that of Violets and is a mean betwixt the syrupe of Poppy it cohibits all fluxions and cocts the defluxed humours CHAP. 7. Syrupus de Hyssopo or Syrupe of Hyssop D. Mes â„ž of dryed Hyssop the roots of Smallage Fennel Liquorice of eachÊ’ x. Barley â„¥ ss the seeds of Mallows and Quinces Gumme Thraganth of eachÊ’ iij. Maiden-hairÊ’ vj. Jujubees Sebestens of each n. xxx Raisins stoned â„¥ j. ss dryed Figs fat Dates of each n. x. boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to lb iiij to the Colature adde Penidees lb ij make it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is cognominated from Hyssop its Basis in the confection whereof its Author Mesue is so far from defining a quantity of water that he mentions no water at all but they should take eight pounds wherein they should coct the Barly half an hour then inject the incided roots to be elixated a quarter of an hour then all the fruits at length the seeds bound in a linen cloth with Tragacanthum and at last pretty dry Hyssop true Maidens-hair or in its stead vulgar Maidens-hair Penidees made without starch must be added to the Colature by coction reducted to three pounds and clarified some had rather put in sincere sugar others the water of sape and sugar but it is best to confect it according to Mesue's description The same Author describes more preparations of this same syrupe but this we have transcribed is the most usual and best This syrupe conduces much to difficulty of breathing Vires pectoral dolours from a cold cause it takes away obstructions moves flours and deterges sand from the reins and bladder CHAP. 8. Syrupus de Aretemisia or Syrupe of Mugwort D. Fern. â„ž the leaves of Mugwort m. ij the roots of Orris Enula-campane Madder Piony Lovage Fennel of each â„¥ ss the leaves of Peny-royal Origanum Calamint Nep Balm Basil Carrets Savin Marjoran Hyssop Horehound Germander Groundpine St. Johns-wort Feverfew and Betony of each m. j. the seeds of Anis Petroseline Fennel Rue Gith of eachÊ’ iij. bruise those that are to be bruised and macerate them 24 hours in Hydromel lb viij boyl them to lb v. and with lb v. of Sugar coct it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe of Mugwort first described by Matthaeus containing a mass of Medicaments perperously congested was rightly castigated by Fernelius who substracting such things as were not known inconvenient and supervacancous left onely such as were usesul as Plantius well observed for when it is in vain to adde more where the thing may be better done by fewer what need had we of so much cost and time in seeking and congesting many Simples when much fewer were better yet no cost or pains must be spared when the sanity of a man lies at the stake so that the labour be not lost nor cost frustraneous A great and solemn composition whose bonity many ages have found and experience sufficiently proved must neither admit of mutation nor mutilation but such as are described without ground or reason must be either omitted or castigated This syrupe is denominated from Mugwort which is its Basis its preparation is clear enough in the description Yet it may be more Simply easily and as efficaciously made thus â„ž of the roots of Rest-harrow Madder Grass Butchers-Broom of eachÊ’ vj. the seeds of Carret and Roman-Gith of eachÊ’ j. Syr. de Artemisia simpliciter Mugwort m. ij Savin Marjoran Nep Hyssop of each m. ss boyl them in lb v. of water to the Colature adde lb i. ss of sugar and lb ss of Honey to bring it into the consistence of a syrupe This syrupe potently moves suppressed or staying fluors Vires and allayes the strangulation and subversion of the Uterus CHAP. 9. Syrupus resumptivus or The resumptive Syrupe â„ž of the flesh of Snails â„¥ iiij Barley whole â„¥ ij the pulp of Dates â„¥ j. Raisins Kiquorce of eachÊ’ vj. Sebestens Jujubees of each n. xij Cotton-seed Melon Cucumer and Gourd-seeds of each â„¥ ss The seeds of Lettice and * * * White Uagula Calalinae Poppy of each Ê’ ij Coltsfoot Lungwort of each m.j. the flowers of Violets and white Lillies of each â„¥ ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to lb iiij of Colature to which ad de lb ij of the whitest Sugar Sugar of Roses and Diatraganthum frigidum of each lb ss coct it to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY The resumptive syrupes in a general acception may be referred to all analepticall and restorative ones wherein Medicks adhibit Snails flesh after the example of that whereof Joannes Tornamyra is Authour by assent though I could neither see it in him nor any other Antidotariographer in my life and that which is now made by Medicks is made after as many different manners as there are different Shops wherein it is made yea all the descriptions
that I have seen of it and they were no few differ among themselves some admitting too many attenuatives others too viscid ingredients others useless ones and others in such a confused form as if they could scarce be prepared as described All of them require nemoral Snails which yet if there be any such are worse as Rubetae amongst Frogs because their succe is sharper and more fervid but less nutritive and apt to resarciate therefore I judge the vulgar more wholesom which live partly on the water partly on the land And Rondeletius said true that Snails could not alwayes live without water whence these terrestrial Snails must be such as live in muddy and fenny places partly on limpid water and partly on dry land But they must be duly prepared before they accede the confection of this syrupe their necks tails and members must be first abscinded their shels divided or separated that all the flesh may be extracted which must be purged from all filth cut into pieces and cocted together with the Simples enumerated and those in such order as they that require longer coction may be sooner injected those that require shorter later And so it were better to coct the simples severally from the flesh and the flesh first or last as the Medick will Sugar and Penidees must be added to the Colature It is good for such as resurge from long diseases Vires or are marcid tabid or consumed or labor under some prave affection of the lungs CHAP. 10. Syrupus exhilarans or The exhilarative Syrupe D. Dom. Laurent ℞ of the Juyces of Borrage and Bugloss lb j. ss of the Juyce of sweet smelling Apples lb j. of the Juyce of Balm ℥ ss of Kermes-berriesʒ iij. Saffronʒ ss Spec. diamarg. frigid ʒ ss Diambrae ℈ iiij Loaf-sugar lb ij coct it into Syrupe according to Art The COMMENTARY Doctor Laurentius the King of France's chief Physician gives this description in a certain learned piece of his about conservation of the Sight Melancholy Catarrhs and old Age and he confesses that his Kinsman Castellanus the King of France's chief Chirurgeon was its Author and it is thus confected The grains of Kermes must be infused a whole night in the depurated succes upon hot ashes the sugar diluted in its strong expression then all cocted into a syrupe in whose middle a little bundle must be suspended wherein the powders and Saffron are contained its dosis may be from one ounce to two ounces in the morning before meat or at night before sleep It is cognominated exhilarative because it hath an eximious faculty in recreating the heart and vitals erecting the saculties abigating sorrow and tempering the malign quality of melancholy This syrupe may be substituted in stead of that that is made of Kermes in such parts where the Illex is coccigerous of which consection we were not unmindeful but being easie to make we omitted it and left to such whom Nature hath inriched with its eximious succe There are inumerable more descriptions of syrupes in divers Authors but some of them being disapproved of others scarce proved we will not onerate or rather inquinate our Antidotary therewith For the acid syrupe of Manna the syrupe of sweet Pomegranates of Persian Apples of acid Prunes of Pears of deansed Grapes of Thyme and many more which Mesue describes are out of use I hear of the syrupes of the greater Centaury of St. Johns-wort of Ivy of Tobacco of Fennel and some others not yet proved by use of which if the Famous Colledge at Paris approve I shall approve also Myrepsus his syrupe the syrupe of Diasireos the syrupes of Lilly of Acorus of Madder of Penny-royal of Turbith of Grapes of Myrobalambs and others which Jacobus de Manliis Andernacus Wekerus and some of the later rank describe are now wholly neglected SECT III. Of Syrupes dulcorated with Honey THere rest yet some Syrupes which we shall describe in this Section that are not dulcorated with Sugar but with Honey nor made like the rest of the decoctions of Roots Leaves Flowers Seeds and Fruits but onely of limpid and aqueous succes whereunto we may well referre that Hydromel which is called the vinous Hydromel for in sapour faculties and consistence it responds to a Syrupe CHAP. 1. Oxymel seu Acetum mulsum c. Oxymel or sweet Vinegar Secanjabin in Arabick ℞ of the best Honey lb ij of fountain-Fountain-water lb iiij white-wine Vinegar lb j. boyl them together in a fit vessel to the consistency of a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY The Honey must first be cocted in water and despumed then must the Vinegar be by little and little adjected then all cocted together till they acquire the consistence of a liquid syrupe But the Ancients have not definitely described the quantity of Vinegar for seeing Honey according to Galen is hot and in hot natures turns soon into bile so much Vinegar must be added by Oribasius his advice as will correct that bilefying faculty and so it may be made into Oxymel convenient and useful for all ages and sexes for it is as sweet as acid and as mean and should be made variously according to the gust of the assumer so that it may not hurt for things very sharp abrade the intestines and hinder expectoration but that which is moderately acrimonious is very useful to the affections of the breast and lungs for it educes spittle and facilitates spiration for it incides and attenuates crass humours expurges the bowels without molestation and attenuates mans meat It s preparation then is various and the proportion of Honey to Vinegar and of Vinegar to water is various for though the a queous be better to most yet it agrees not to all Oribasius would have twice as much Honey and four times as much water as Vinegar and would have them all cocted to the thirds which is the same with that that Mesue gives whereunto Serapius assents though he elsewhere makes them of equal parts but that is too sowre Now the middle betwixt both may be of one part and a half of Vinegar to two of the best Honey which emits not much spume for all Honey that emits more spume is not so good but must be cocted and despumed longer and so its greatest part dissipated in coction for it must be cocted till it effer no more spume Thus the quantity of the Vinegar must be augmented and diminished according to the will of the user to whom it is more convenient as he more defires is and so it should be made according to every disposition yet that which is kept in shops is usually prepared as Mesue hath described and is made more sweet or more sowre as the assumer desires it and the exigency calls for it Oxymel incides Vires attenuates and prepares crass and viscid humours for expurgation conduces equally to hot and cold affections and effects what we have before mentioned CHAP. 2. Oxymel Stilliticum or Oxymel of Squills ℞ of
parts but they will be much diminished and yet the cleansed flower should be onely assumed for this confection both that its faculties may be better and its colour more violaceous The Violets should be brayed very small that no asperity may be found therein then twice their quantity of Sugar must be added to them then they must be again contunded together till the mass be soft and fit to be conserved in an idoneous vessel Mesue addes thrice their quantity of Sugar and then the Conserve is sweeter but not so valid Conserve of Violets allayes the heat of Choler Vires extinguishes the ardour of other humours quenches thirst subduces the Belly dilates and levifies the jaws and asper artery and cures all pectoral affections CHAP. 2. Conserva Rosarum or Conserve of Roses â„ž of red Rose-buds purged from their whites lb j. beat them with a wooden Pestel in a stone Morter till they become a paste then adde of the best Sugar lb iij. which beat with the Roses till they are perfectly mingled and after a little insolation put it up for future use The COMMENTARY Mesue calls that the Sugar which we call the Conserve of Roses and he takes red white and all Roses dryed in a shade without difference with thrice as much Sugar whereof he makes his Sugar of Roses which after three moneths space he exposes to the Sun we take only red Roses not dryed but brayed and mixed with thrice as much Sugar some put onely twice as much Sugar to it and so make the Conserve less suave but more efficacious We call that Sugar of rose-Rose-water which some call Sugar of Roses solved in equal measure and cocted to the consistence of a solid Electuary of which in its place But our Conserves of Roses are not alwayes alike but some are more liquid and soft which are made as we before described them of new flowers brayed and mixed with Sugar others more solid which are made of the powder of dry Roses with eight or ten times as much Sugar diluted in rose-Rose-water and cocted to the consistence of a solid Electuary wherewithall a little succe of Sorrel or Lemmons is mixed which is made into red paste out of which oblong morsels small at each end and crasser in the middle are formed The Conserves thus confected at Agendicum a City in the Province of Brya are much commended Conserve of Roses is cephalical and cordial for Vires it roborates the head and intrails allayes their heat and cohibits fluxions CHAP. 3. Conserva Buglossi or Conserve of Bugloss â„ž of the picked flowers of Bugloss lb j. beat them in a Marble Morter very well to which adde of the finest Sugar lb ij beat them well together which after a convenient insolation repose in a fit vessel The COMMENTARY I can scarce assent to their opinion who would have Buglosses flowers whose vertue is superficial and easily dissipable dryed before triture and mixtion for they are better by how much they are newer and more humid but if they lose their native humidity they lose their efficacy for they are no whit more humid then exigence requires Moreover the more aqueous and excrementitious part of newly confected Conserve is dissipated by insolation but if they be wet with dew or rain they should be dryed in a shade rather then in the Sun before their confecture Conserve of Bugloss exhilarates the vital parts Vires recreates the heart helps the Melancholical conduces to such as labour in the Palsey and Cough CHAP. 4. Conserva Borraginis or Conserve of Borrage â„ž of the fresh flowers of Borrage well picked lb ss of the whitest Sugar lb j. ss beat them in a stone-Morter with a Box-Pestel till it comes to a perfect Conserve The COMMENTARY First the flowers must be brayed by themselves till they be levigated then the Sugar then must they be mixed in triture and made into a soft mass which reconded in an idoneous vessel must be insolated and preserved The Arabians call it Zuccarum alchibil that is Sugar of Borrages the later age calls it Conserve of Borrage-flowers It is given to the same affections with Conserve of Bugloss Vires for both recreate the heart and vital spirits conduce to melancholical passions and this by a peculiar faculty moves womens fluors according to Holerius CHAP. 5. Conserva Nenupharis or Conserve of Water-Lillies â„ž of the flowers of Water-Lillies purged from their herbaceous parts and dryed a whole day in the shade lb ss beat them very well with lb j. ss of white Sugar till they come to a perfect Conserve The COMMENTARY The flowers of Water-Lillies being more crass and humid may be a little aerified then contunded that they may be levigated afterwards the sugar must be added brayed subacted and concorporated with the tunded flowers which mass well subacted must be reposed in a potters vessel white flowers must be selected whose herbaceous green and flave part also which is in the middle of the flower should be abjected The luteous Water-Lilly neither ingredes this Conserve nor the Syrupe before-described because the white one is better and more frequent they should likewise grow in limpid and clear water others are worse Conserve of Water-Lilly allayes the heat of the intrails Vires quenches thirst refrigerates the brain conciliates sleep and is good for such as are severish CHAP. 6. Conserva Anthos or Conserve of Rosemary-flowers â„ž of the finest flowers of Rosemary very small beaten lb ss of the whitest Sugar lb j. ss mix them well together with a Box Pestel till they become a fine paste which keep in a Gally-pot well luted The COMMENTARY The Rosemary-flower being of it self dry should not be exposed to the Sun before triture nor dryed but this and all calid and dryer flowers require more of sugar not for their conservation but more suavity and they need not so much insolation This Conserve is of much use in Medicine Vires for it is very cephalical and nerval roborates the brain and propugns all its affections it successfully helps or cures the Epilepsie Apoplexy Lethargy Palsey and Trembling CHAP. 7. Conserva Betonicae or Conserve of Betony â„ž of the flowers of Betony fresh and finely picked lb j. white Sugar lb iij. beat them according to Art into a Conserve The COMMENTARY All do not make this Conserve after the same manner for some confect it according to the form prescribed others coct Sugar in the water of Betony to the consistence of a solid Electuary then mix it with brayed flowers and make a Conserve of most laudable sapour and faculties it may well be made either way Conserve of Betony whether assumed or adhibited Vires roborates the head benefits the ventricle obtunds poysons and propugns all affections of the brain CHAP. 8. Conserva Salviae Melissae Stoechados or Conserve of Sage Balm and Stoechados â„ž of the flowers of Sage or Balm or Stoechados lb ss white Sugar lb s
Art The COMMENTARY Quinces because of their solidity endure much coction and therefore they require more water They should be cocted not onely till they be soft but till their Syrupe be crasser wherein they must be kept whole and not discepted nor reducted to a Pultess Quinces may be condited another way to wit cocted with Sugar and in cocting agitated that they may acquire the consistence of a Pultess and then they must be removed and reposed in ligneous Boxes if the weight of these Quinces and Sugar be equal the conditure will be more sâ—ave but less astrictive There is yet another conditure more red and lucid made onely of the decoction of the Pills and seeds of Quinces with an equal weight of Sugar cocted to the consistence of a Syrupe and kept in Boxes of Pine-wood if in cocting the vessel be shut and covered which contains them the conditure will be more red which colour is most expetible in all conditures of Quinces Some adde the sâ—â—ce of Quinces thereto and call it clear Cidoniat There is also a Conserve made of Quinces but after another manner for their succe is elicited cocted and strained and twice as much sugar added to the colature and cocted to the consistence of an Electuary the succe is in equal weight mixed with sugar and so the Conserve made of a red colour grateful sapour and eximious faculties The Conditure of Leaves CHAP. 7. Folia Adianti condita or The condite Leaves of Venus-hair â„ž of white Maiden-hair picked from its stalks lb j. good Sugar lb ij beat them severally afterwards together till they become a perfect Conserve The COMMENTARY Leaves are seldome condited seeing when dry we can take their decoctions and make Syrupes of them indued with their faculties or keep them dry some for a whole year without damage yet some are so volatile that they scarce retain any thing of their genuine quality when dryed as true Maidens-hair which for its eximious faculties is sought by exotical Merchants and carried in form of a Conserve made as before after which manner other dry leaves may be condited but humid ones thus CHAP. 8. Folia Tussilaginis condita or The condite Leaves of Collsfoot â„ž of the Juyce of the leaves of Coltsfoot lb j. Sugar lb ij boyl then to the consistency of an Electuary to which whilest hot adde of green Coltsfoot finely beaten as much as you see good and make thereof a Conserve The COMMENTARY In the confecture of this Conserve the quantity of the leaves to be brayed is not defined some taking more others less a third part or at most half as much sugar is enough But Conserves thus made should be long insolated and frequently agitated with a Rudicle that they may califie all over and their aqueous humidity be quite dissipated wherewith they abound The conditures of other leaves may be thus confected The conditure of these leaves help the Cough Vires Lungs and hinder the frequent delapse of humours from the Brain to the breast and vitals The Conditure of Stalks CHAP. 9. Caules Lactucae conditae or The condite Stalks of Lettices â„ž of the stalks of Lettices purged from the exteriour skin or cortex lb j. Boyl them in water till they wax soft afterwards dry them upon a cloth then take the like weight of Sugar and with a sufficient quantity of water boyl them till the liquor become a crass Syrupe which repose in a sit vessel If you desire them of a dryer form let them be wiped and dryed and then in Sugar boyled to the height of an Electuary let them a little fervesie afterwards taken out and dryed The COMMENTARY Very few Plants Cauls are condited either because of their hardness or insuavity or other useless qualities But such as have crassitude sweetness tenerity and excellency of faculties may rightly be condited as the cauls of Lettice and Artichock Of both which cauls Confectioners used to make dry confectures after the manner prescribed They quench thirst allay the heat of the stomack and liver Vires CHAP. 10. Caules Cynarae conditi or The condited Stalks of Artichocks â„ž of the stalks of Artichocks the exteriour pellicle taken off and purged from its fibres lb j. boyl them in water till they grow soft afterwards let them be dryed upon a cloth then with the like weight of Sugar and a sufficient quantity of water boyled to the body of a crass Syrupe repose the confecture in a fit vessel which if required more dry prepare them as afore-described The COMMENTARY The white stalks of Artichocks should be desumed before they erupt out of the earth they are used all winter in Paris where they much abound which some upon no grounds use to stimulate Venery for they afford little of genital matter or flatulent spirits to the body but much Melancholical succe The cauls of the vulgar not of the Spanish Artichock should be selected for that is a kinde of Carduus as both of them seem to be depromed from that stock onely one of them hath by culture attained a more fair aspect and gracious sapour They are more celebrated for Junkets for the whole then Diet for the sick Condited Roots CHAP. 11. Radix Poeoniae condita or The condited Root of Poeony â„ž of the Roots of Poeony washed and purged lb ij boyl them in water till they grow soft then repose them to dry in a shade that their humidity may be evaporated then boyl them again with the like weight of Sugar with a little portion of the aforesaid decoction to the body of an Electuary which take from the fire and repose in a vessel for use The COMMENTARY Some Roots should be condited onely in the Spring before their succe be immitted into their branches boughs and leaves others in Autumn when Plants demit their leaves for then much of the Plants vertue goes into the Roots and then the humour is more throughly cocted then at other times others may be condited both in the Spring Summer and Autumn being alwayes succulent whose cauls are either not erupted or grown up or else dryed They must then be collected in that feason wherein their vertue is most prealent as the Roots of Ragwort and Rainbow in the Spring the Root of Poeony in August according to Sylvius or rather in March the Roots of Enula Bryony and Maidens-grass in Autumn as we have shewed at large in our Institutions Cap. 13. Lib. 1. Some of them are amare sharp and insuave which before their conditure should be often macerated in water others are grateful which being one day infused in warm water may in the same or another be cocted forthwith as the Roots of Poeony which may be weâ— condited according to this prescribed form or some other of the like sort when they are cocted and the Sugar cocted like a soft Electuary affunded upon them if they become crude the liquor must be again cocted and that again repeated till they cease
same things that make up Honey of Squills onely they differ in preparation and proportion For in Honey of Squills the leaves are confusedly insolated with the Honey in a fit vessel and strained when use calls for it But in the Eclegm of Squills onely their succe is cocted with Honey above the consistence of a Syrupe Eclegms of Squills potently incide and prepare for expulsion Vires crass and viscid humours impacted in the spirators They very much help such as breath with difficulty or have much of viscid Phlegm in their Lungs or highest region of the Breast CHAP. 2. Eclegma de Caulibus or Eclegm of Colewort D. Gord. â„ž of the Juyce of Coleworts lb j. boyl it a little and scum it afterwards adde SaffronÊ’ iij. Sugar and Honey of each lb ss boyl them according to Art to the consistence of a Linctus The COMMENTARY The succe of Garden-Cauls must first be educed then depurated by the Sun or fire then Honey or Sugar added to it and they perfectly cocted then must well-pulverated Saffron be mixed therewith or as Gordiâ—nus its Author would have it injected therein 〈◊〉 while cocting because he will have it tend to its spissitude but it is credible he means by his Electuary a Lohoch for the cure of difficulty of breathing But the leaves of red Cauls should be selected when the diseases of the highest part of the Breast are respected or the Belly to be moved Lonoch of cauls cures difficulty of breathing Vires inveterate coughs cocts moves and excludes spittle CHAP. 3. Eclegma de Pulmone Vulpis or Eclegm of Foxes Lungs D. Mes â„ž of Fox Lungs prepared and dryed of the Juyce of Liquorice white Maiden-hair sweet Fennel-seeds Anise-seeds of each equal parts make it into a Lohoch with Syrupe of Red-roses or Myrtles The COMMENTARY Some confect it with simple Hydrosa charum that is water and sugar others with sugar solved and cocted in Saxifrage water and some that would have it more roborative with Rob or inspissated succe of Myrtle as Mesue advises We confect it with syrupe of Roses or Alexanders syrupe for so it is more grateful then those with Rob of Myrtle and Hydrosacharum yea its faculty roborates in a mean betwixt them But if it be kept for a Roborative it may be rightly confected with syrupe of Myrtle but Pharmacopolists do not now preserve it Foxes Lungs should if possible be onely taken by such as are young sound and given to hunting they must be washed in water incided according to the vessels whereto they adhere and wherein they are suspended their blood must be expressed then moderately washed in white-wine imposed in a pot dryed in an Oven pretty hot and kept When use calls for them a portion of them must be levigated very small and mixed with some idoneous liquor as in this Eclegm with the said Syrupe and other pulverated Medicaments Mesue describes this Lonoch of Foxes Lungs to difficult breathers Vires but some would rather bray the Lung and exhibit it mixed with Julep of Roses others upon good grounds prefer the Lungs of other wholesome Animals as Hogs Rams or Calves Lungs for the easure of such as are troubled with difficulty of breathing for the diseased may eat these with more delight and salubrity to the quantity of two or more ounces and so better consult the sanity of his Lungs then if he uses an ounce of this Eclegm wherein there is scarce a scruple of Foxes Lungs Yet this should be kept in Pharmacopolies because it is very bechical and may be successfully used by such as are tabid CHAP. 4. Eclegma sanum expertum or A sound and experienced Lohoch D. Mes â„ž of Raisins stoned Figs Dates of each n. xij Jujubees Sebestens of each xxx Foenugreek-seedÊ’ v. Linseed Anise-seed sweet Fennel-seed dryed Hyssop Calamint the roots of Orris Liquorice Cinamon of each â„¥ ss Maiden-hair m.j. boyl them all in four pintes of water till half be consumed to the Calature adde Penidees lb ij boyl it again to the crassitude of Honey then adde these following powders and pastes Pine-kernelsÊ’ v. blanched Almonds Starch of eachÊ’ iij. Liquorice Gumme-Thraganth Arabick of each â„¥ ij ss Orris â„¥ ss Let all these be exactly mingled and beaten into a Lohoch The COMMENTARY That this Eclegm may be well confected the root of Orris should be cut into short pieces and be first cocted in limpid water by half a quarter of an hour then must the seeds be injected then the fruits and leaves last the Liquorice and Cinamon the powders being levigated a part must be confusedly mixed and conjected into the colature duly cocted with Penidees that of these united and agitated with a Pestel may arise an Eclegm which from its effect is called Sound and Expert for it contains many fruits seeds leaves and some gummes which commonstrate its eximious faculties whereunto they adde Amylum to make it more viscid Now Amylum may be made of many cereals but the best is that that is made of Wheat five times madefied with water till it be soft which done the water is effused without agitation lest something that is useful flow out with it when it is very soft and the water effused it should be calcated with ones feet and so broken then should water be again superfused upon it and it again calcated and the enatant bran received into a sieve and the rest dried in a Basket and forthwith baked in the sun and kept For thus it is grinded without a Mill and thence called Amylum It leniates exasperated parts stays the fluxions of the eyes and rejections of Blood This Eclegm cures the cough Vires and hoarseness contracted by a cold distemper it incides attenuates and deterges much and concocts cold humours CHAP. 5. Eclegma de Pineis or Eclegm of Pine-kernels D. Mes â„ž of Pine-kernels cleansed from their skinsÊ’ xxx sweet Almonds Hazel-Nuts Gumme-Thraganth Arabick Liquorice Juyce of Liquorice white Starch white Maiden-hair Orris-root of each â„¥ ss the Pulp of DatesÊ’ xxxv bitter Almonds Honey of Raisins fresh Butter white Sugar of each â„¥ iiij Honey as much as will suffice to make it up according to Art into an Eclegm The COMMENTARY That this Eclegm may be rightly made the dry roots must first be brayed apart then the Maidens-hair then the fruits then the gummes and Amylum but such as may better be incided as Almonds and Filberts may be cut with a knife When all are well levigated Rob or Honey of Raisins must be added then butter then an idoneous quantity of the whitest and best Honey that the Eclegm may be of a legitimate consistence It cures inveterate coughs Vires difficulty of breathing moves viscid spittle helps the asperity of the voyce helps coction and expectoration of humours and cures such affections of the Lungs and Breast as arise from the plenty or noxious quality of humours Finis Libri Primi The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY THE
SECOND BOOK Of most selected and approved Purgative Medicaments THE PREFACE THe multitude of Compounded Purgatives are almost innumerable their forms multifarious and their preparations various We shall here exhibit the most select best and approved and those either in form of a liquid or solid Electuary as Opiates or Hierae or in form of Pills and Trochisks For Pharmacopolists seldome keep Purgatives in form of Powders or Potions We shall adde the manner and reason of their confecting and the quality of the Confection But we shall withall omit many Purges described by the Ancients because their use is not salubre nor a due order observed in their Composition as admitting of many noxious useless and unknown Medicaments We shall also neglect many described and invented by late men who being covetous of vain-glory cognominated some after their own Titles and from a fictitious effect We shall I say relinquish such and give onely the more select approved and useful We dissect this Treatise into four Sections In the first whereof we speak of liquid Electuaries in the third of solid ones in the fourth of Pills and in the second of bitter Confections which Medicks call Hierae CHAP. 1. Diacassia D. N. Praepos â„ž of the flowers and leaves of Violets Mallows Beets Pellitory Roman Wormwood of each m. ss boyl in lb iiij of water till half be consumed to the Colature adde of Honey lb j. boyl it to the consistence of a liquid Electuary then mingle with it Gassia lb j. and so make it into an Electuary and repose it in a fit vessel The COMMENTARY All do not make Diacassia alike for some coct the succes of Plants with honeys to a fit crassitude and then adject the Cassia others elixate the Plants and in the colature dilute Cassia and Honey and then fervefie the whole mixture to the consistence of a liquid Electuary But that manner wherein the Cassia is so long cocted is disapproveable but the other whereby the Canes wherein the Cassia is contained are washed in the strained decoction and afterwards a pound of honey added and they cocted to a legitimate spissitude that by the adjection of a pound of Cassia they may become an Electuary is very good Some in stead of honey mix sugar therewith others both some adde Manna others Senny others other Medicaments and so confect various Electuaries of Cassia whereunto I assent not For it is enough that we have Diacassia made according to the prescript for Glysters and if the pith of Cassia must be assumed at the mouth it may be extracted fresh and taken alone or mixed with other Medicaments as the Medick requires But Aegyptian or Oriental Cassia should be selected which is without redly black and within full of a fat medullous and black matter which is of force to contemperate heat wash the Belly and gently purge the Body and may thence be securely given to Boyes Old-men and pregnant Women for it subduces the Belly without molestation but it is thought procurative of flatulency and therefore many educe its pith in the vapour of cocted Anise or Fennel others mix some Cinamon with it and Coraeus gives it with some grains of Berberries to such as have weak Intestines I hear of a new kinde of Cassia brought from Brasile a half ounce whereof doth more move the Belly and copiously educe humours then a whole ounce of the vulgar and oriental Diacassia is a benign Medicament and purges clemently it allayes the heat of the Mesentery gently moves the Belly humectates its siccity and by lubrication and detersion deposes the excrements by stool CHAP. 2. Electuarium lenitivum or The lenitive Electuary â„ž of Polypody of the Oak Senny picked Raisins stoned of each â„¥ ij Mercury m. j.ss Barley Maiden-hair Violets of each m. ss Jujubees Sebestens of each num xx Prunes stoned Tamarinds of eachÊ’ vj. LiquoriceÊ’ ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till a third part be consumed to the Colature adde Pulp of Cassia-Fistula Tamarinds Prunes Loaf-sugar and Sugar of Violets of each â„¥ vj. Senny powdred â„¥ iij. ss make it into an Electuary according to Art The COMMENTARY The Raisins which ingrede this confection should be purged from their stones if white Adiantum or true Maidens-hair cannot be had Polytrichum may be substituted in its stead Conserve of Violets or Sugar of Violets may be mixed at pleasure He that judges Conserves inept in Electuaries may adde Anise or sweet Fennel-seed or a little Cinamon yet this Electuary hath hitherto been confected without any of them and the users have not found any molestation from flatulency The fruits whose pulps must be educed must be humectated in a part of the prepared decoction another part thereof with sugar must be made into a Syrupe and the pulps with sugar of Violets mixed with it while hot then must an ounce and an half or at least an ounce and three dragms of well-levigated Senny be added to every pound of the Composition whereof they say Rhasis is Author This lenitive Electuary thus cognominated from its effect Vires levifies mollifies and subduces the Belly educes all obvious but especially pituitous and melancholical humours without molestation it helps against the Pleurisie and other pectoral affections The Florentine Medicks describe another by the name of the Magisterial Electuary which admits of Turpentine Ginger and Scammony which our Shop may well be without CHAP. 3. Electuarium Catholicum or The Catholical Electuary â„ž of Polypody of the Oak well bruised lb j. pure water lb ix boyl them together till a third part be consumed and in two parts of the decocoction let there be boyled Sugar lb viij to which adde pulp of Cassia and Tamarinds madefied with the other part of the decoction of the leaves of Senny of each â„¥ viij of the best Rhabarb Polypody sweet Fennel-seeds Violets of each â„¥ iiij of the four greater cool seeds of each â„¥ j. Liquorice Penidees Sugar-Candy of each â„¥ ss make into an Electuary The COMMENTARY That this universal Antidote may be duly confected many things must be brayed and prepared apart and first of all Polypody which being twice assumed must be bifariously prepared In the first course it must be brayed only pretty grosly in the second it must be levigated very small that which is onely contunded must be long cocted in the prescribed or sufficient quantity of water and a Syrupe must be made of two parts of its colature and sugar The Tamarinds and Cassia must be humectated with the rest that their pulps may be more easily separated and secerned The Rhabarb must be brayed alone the Senny Liquorice Fennel and Violets both alone and together twice as much of the Syrupe of Violets may be mixed in stead of the Violets the four cold seeds must be excorticated and minutely cut with a Pen-knife then must the Penidia and Sugar be pulverated then must all be put together and agitated with a ligneous Pestel or Rudicle till
they become an Electuary of a legitimate consistence And the composition of this solemn Medicament is not onely various but there are also various opinions concerning its Author for Sylvius seems to ascribe the invention thereof to Galen Joubertus to Nicolaus Myrepsicus Bauderonius to Nicolaus Salernitanus Adolphus Occon to Nicolaus Praepositus Valer. Cordus to Nicolaus Alexandrinus who indeed hath described it but not as it is vulgarly made But none know certainly to which of these to attribute its invention but all call it Nicolaus his Catholicum not adding his Sirname Now this Medicament is called Catholical or Universal either because it expurges all humours or because it draws them from all parts of the Body That which is made according to this prescript is called Simple Catholicum in reference to the more compound which receives twice as much Rhabarb and Senny yet neither of them substantially or in powder ingrede that same as they do this simple Catholicum but the Senny is cocted and the Rhabarb infused and its expression joyned with the mixture which formed into an Electuary is called Catholicum Duplicatum Many coct Anise and Fennel and others Coriander-seed with Polypody to discuss its flatuosity but there is Fennel enough in the description to effect this so that there is no need to congest so many Medicaments of the same faculty together If any like not Anise he may in its stead substitute sweet Fennel or Coriander or an equal weight of each yea any may adde some Cinamon to make it more grateful and it will be of good consequence The rest I leave to the old description which most Medicks approve of and prefer before many purges which to pervert as Rondeletius hath done were a piece of a piacle Some keep a certain Catholicum in their shops for Glysters different from the common one onely in this that it admits of onely old and worse Rhabarb and is confected with Honey in stead of Sugar That which is very purgative wherein Apothecaries put Turpentine Coloquintida and Hermodactyls is not good I hear of some that make a more liquid Catholicon onely of Syrupe and the infusion of some pulps but its faculties being very imbecile and not respondent to the scope of the Author whoever first made it I think it is not now kept or prepared Fernelius gives more descriptions of Catholicum one whereof amongst other things receives Hellecampane Hyssop Ginger Cinamon Nutmeg and Honey another amongst Purgatives Agarick Turpentine and Diacridium which compositions made by a perite artificer are good but they are seldome kept in shops Let that then which we have according to the Ancients minde here described be continually kept for the true Catholicum in each Pharmacopoly It clemently and gently purges all humours cures Fevers Vires and acute diseases especially such as proceed from the prave disposition of the Spleen and Liver CHAP. 4. Diaprunum seu Diadamascenum simplex or Simple Diaprunum or Diadamascenum D.N.Myr. â„ž of fresh and ripe Damask-Prunes n. 100. boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till they grow soft then let them be pulped through a hair-sieve In the percolated Colature boyl the flowers of Violets â„¥ j. In the Colature dissolve Sugar lb ij boyl them into a Syrupe to which adde the pulp of the aforesaid Prunes inspissated by it self lb j. of the pith of Cassia and Tamarinds of each â„¥ j. then sprinkle in these following Powders viz. White Sanders red Sanders Rhabarb of eachÊ’ iij. Roses Violets the seeds of Purslain Endive Berberries Juyce of Liquorice Thraganth of eachÊ’ ij of the four greater cool seeds of eachÊ’ j. make it into an Electuary according to Art The COMMENTARY The description of this Electuary shews the manner of its confection which indeed is the best though some make it otherwise who wash and elixate not onely the pulps of Plums and Tamarinds but of Cassia also to the consistence of Honey with a Syrupe whereunto they afterwards adde the Powders that together with its desired faculty it may acquire its legitimate consistence But all agree not about the quantity of Violets for some according to Nic. Myrepsus his decree take onely half an ounce others an ounce and a half we aiming at the mean take one ounce to be a little cocted in the strained decoction of the Plums Some besides the Authors intention adde Cinamon but we think it unfit for a lenitive and refrigerative Medicament And we judge no otherwise of Berberries-seeds though we know that they are roborative for Diaprunum may easily be without their help seeing it admits of Rhabarb and Roses which are farre more roborative and seeing its main faculty should rather be lenitive then roborative But that they call Spodium is not once to be thought of in this confection because the Grecian Spodium is noxious and the Arabian cannot be had and is withall inconvenient as also Antispodium which being nothing but burnt Ivory hath no affinity with the burnt Roots of Cane which Avicenna calls Spodium as we have shewed in our third Book of Medicinal Matter Chap. 11. CHAP. 5. Diaprunum compositum seu laxativum or The Compound or laxative Diaprunum D.N.Myr. â„ž of the simple Diaprunum afore-prescribed lb j. Scammony prepared â„¥ ss mingle them and make them into an Electuary The COMMENTARY Both the sorts of Diaprunum are compounded and laxative but the simple not admitting of Diacridium subduces the Belly easily scarce moving the first region of the Body the other which admitting of Diagridium moves the Belly potently and deduces humours from all parts is called the more compound Onely one ounce of Diacridium is added to each pound of the simple Diaprunum so that one ounce of the Electuary contains but one scruple of the same Nic. Salernitanus doth perversly augment the weight of the Diacridium mixing seven dragms thereof with each pound of the Electuary for so its purgative faculty becomes more efferous and its use more unsafe Diacridium must be levigated very small and put to the Electuary while hot This Diaprunum Vires besides those qualities it hath common with the other purges potently and yet without molestation it is successfully used in the diseases of the Reins and Bladder in Fevers and all calid affections CHAP. 6. Diaphoenicum seu Confectio de Dactylis or Diaphoenicum or Confection of Dates D. Mes â„ž of Dates not perfectly ripe macerated three dayes in VinegarÊ’ 100. PenideesÊ’ l. of the best TurbithÊ’ xxx DiagridiumÊ’ xij Ginger Long Pepper Rue dryed Cinamon Mace Lignum Aloes the seeds of Anise Fennel Carret Galangal of eachÊ’ ij Honey despumed lb ss or as much as will suffice to bring it into the consistency of a solid Electuary The COMMENTARY Seeing Dates of a perfect magnitude and not absolutely mature are somewhat flave there is no need of this word Kirron in the prescript which vulgar Apothecaries usually adde for if they derive it from the Greeks it signifies flave if from the Barbarians who
parts more remote seeing they admit not of such things as potently deduce cold humours The powder of Galens Hiera Picra must be desumed to their confection and not Hiera in form of an Electuary The Myrabolambs may be purged from their stones and brayed apart then Chian Mastick then the Aloes all must be received in the Syrupe of Stoechas and made into a mass These Pills are indeed chalagogous and much profit the impure and languid ventricle and by consequence benefit the head and cure such affections as arise from some sympathy with the stomack and lowest ventricle Pills of Hiera being almost of the same faculties Vires and easie to be made of the powder of Hiera which is kept in all Pharmacopolies by the addition of the Honey of Roses or the like in a sufficient quantity need no particular description nor those also which take both their name and matter from Benedicta which are seldome or never used for they are onely nominally eximious as many Chymical confections as Aqua Benedicta Spiritus Aureus Elixir Vitae c. CHAP. 16. Pilulae Alephanginae or Aromatical or sweet Pills â„ž Cinamon Cloves Cardamomes Nutmegs Mace Calamus Aromaticus Galangal yellow Sanders Squinant Rose-leaves of each â„¥ ss These must be brayed pretty crassly and macerated twelve hours in four pounds of water then boylâ—d on a slow fire till the third part be absumed one pound of Aloes must be dissolved in the colature and when the aqueous humidity is spent by hot ashes Sun or an Hypocauste adde Myrrhe Mastick of each â„¥ ss Saffron â„¥ ij Syrupe of Wormwood as much as will suffice to make it into a mass The COMMENTARY We retain a great part of the materials of sweet Pills described by Mesue but we have added Galangal as most convenient and detracted the most rare and dear ingredients as Carpo-balsamum Xylo-aloes Cubebs and the useless ones as Asarum We do not allow of Aloes washed in rain-water because it makes it imbecile neither do we approve of the quantity of Aromata's and water wherein they should be cocted as defined by Mesue for seeing Aromata's endure not coction without the loss of their vertues what need is there of cocting them in twelve pounds of water to the absumption of seven pounds thereof This is useless and noxious labour but if they must be onely lightly cocted to what end is so much water and if the third part of the water will serve why not the third part of the Aromata's also In this our description we have the faculties and vertues of the third part of the Aromata's better then we should have them out of the whole designed by Mesue and confected after his rite who with the absumption of the water absumes more of the Aromata's faculties We have in stead of Wormwood substituted its Syrupe for the better coalition of the mass lest it grow too dry or contract chinks and marcour Thus we have castigated Mesue's sweet Pills or rather exhibited our own which are easier to make better and of lesser charges to which if the maker shall put a little of the liquor of Balm they shall exceed all Pills in roborating the stomack Sweet Pills are most customachical Vires and roborate the nervous parts best for they at once purge crass putrid pituitous and bilious humours from the ventricle and vicine parts and recreate the same preserve native heat help coction discuss flatulency dispel crudities resarciate appetite help cholical dolours and conduce to old and frigid men at all times to bilious and young men onely in winter CHAP. 17. Pilulae de Nitro or Pills of Nitre D. Alex Tral â„ž of Aloes Coloquintida Scammony prepared black Hellebore Bdellium Gumme Arabick of eachÊ’ ij Euphorbium Nitre of eachÊ’ j. and with Juyce of Coleworts or Rhodomel make it up into a mass The COMMENTARY The later age retains the old description of Tralian's Pills but not the name for one calls them Pills of Coloquintida another of Nitre and this puts more of Nitre in them the other more of Coloquintida But seeing reason and use have better approved of the weight of simples described by the more Recent we shall follow the Ancients in the materials but the Recents in the proportion and weight of these materials Now for their confection prepared Coloquintida that is Trochisks of Alhandal must be taken Bdellium must be dissolved percolated and cocted in the calified succe of Brassica till the succe be consumed then must the rest be mixed and a sufficient quantity of the Honey of Roses mixed with them Euphorbium must not by the advice of many be added to the mixture till thus prepared Some quantity of Euphorbium must be taken pulverated small with a little Oyl of Almonds rubbed on a stone like many Collyries then collected and included in a Quince excavated and obvolved with paste then cocted in a furnace like Scammony and thus cocted and repared preposed for use Pills of Nitre move frigid crass and viscid humours Vires from parts more remote whence they conduce in nervous affections and help the had loaden with contumacious diseases as also the Epilepsie Palsey Vertigo and affections of the articles because they educe both flave and black Bile some believe they are good against the Indian disease and thence too licentiously call them Indian Pills CHAP. 18. Piluae Mechoacanae â„ž of Mechoacan â„¥ ss TurbithÊ’ iij. Spurge-olive macerated in vinegar and dryed the seeds of Dwarf-Elder Agarick trochiskized of eachÊ’ ij the roots of * * * Esula Milwort prepared Mastick of each Ê’ j. ss Cinamon and Sal Gem of each ℈ ij Let them all be made into powder that same subacted into a mass with white-wine then let that be dryed and brayed and again coagulated with the succe of the celestial Orris which dry and bray again and then make into paste with the Syrupe of Damask-Roses and repose it for use The COMMENTARY Practical Medicks seek out of Dispensatories as out of a foecund and fertile Garden all kindes of Medicaments for the deletion of all diseases but they finde a great part of them described without Art or Reason and onely convenient for few diseases yea sometimes ten Medicaments indued with the same faculties and discriminated onely by divers names But we have according to the diversities of diseases and humours tradited divers Medicaments desumed not onely out of vulgar Dispensatories but out of the Writings of many grave men besides which we do also exhibit some proved salutiferous by Reason Experience and successful Event as these Pills prescribed for the Dropsie which having Mechoacan for their Basis from thence mutuate their denomination which is of Simples most praepollent for educing water by stool Besides which there are five more Hydragogous Ingredients which being all united together with some cordial and stomachical ones potently educe serous and watry humours without laesion of the ventricle not onely from the Belly but all parts of the
matter And because Pills sine quibus are of efficacy enough for the affections of the eyes we have omitted the ancient description of the Imperials of the five kinds of Myrobalambs of the eight Ingredients and the Arabians Pills because the agregative are better and usefull for all such things as the aforesaid are prescribed for We have neglected the Indian Pills and them of the stone Armentum because them of the Azure-stone are affine to them and more efficacious We weigh not the Pills of Rhabarb because ignave but give them of Egrimony as more efficacious with whom they have affinity Pills of Hermodactyls exclude the arthretical Pills and the foetid Pills exclude those that are denominated from Sagapene Euphorbium and Sarcocolla Pills of Mechoacan make them void which consists of Esula and Mezereon Benedict Pills and Hiera may be made at any time seeing powders are or should be alwayes in readiness in shops whereof either Electuaries or Pills may be confected at pleasure Pills of Bdellium are quite neglected because they are scarce purgative in stead other better and more roborative Medicaments easier to be made may be confected for present use I pretermit many more as unworthy to be named or used for many men describe many Medicaments not so much that they consult others sanity as the augmenting of their Dispensatories grand bulk Cathartical Powders being ingrateful are usually coagmented into liquid or solid Electuaries or else Pills yet Empiricks give the powder of Stibium onely in a little Wine or other liquor as also the powder of Mercury wherewith a veneficous Circulator at Lutetia promised the cure of all diseases openly professing himself a Prophet but the wretch went about many Cities to see whom he might devour he is not worthy to be named At last he ran away All prepare not Quicksilver or Mercury alike for some include it with Aqua fortis in a Matracy and exhale the water by sublimation calling that which remains in the bottom Powder of Mercury It is of a yellowish red colour and rather caustical then cathartical Others prepare it otherwise but better thus They immerge Quicksilver in Aqua fortis whereinto they inject Brine then they let the Quicksilver reside and the water is ejected by inclination and the crassament that remains which is whitish is called Powder of Mercury But in what proportion it should be mixed how it may be perfectly dealbated and with what vertue it is indued I need not recenseate lest Empiricks and Pseudopharmacopoeans abuse it but if it be made as P. Pijardus a learned Parisian Medick taught its vertues are eximious and efficacious in curing some Diseases which will not yield to vulgar Medicaments An APPENDIX Of some Pills not Solutive EAch Medicament is by singular dexterity and ingenuity effinged into a form proper for the diseased Thus some Purgatives are liquid others solid and others in a mean some Medicaments onely purge others onely roborate and others alter and some perform all but Pills are for the most part purgative for all of them except a few subduce the Belly and are exhibited especially when supervacaneous succes are to be educed from remote parts for in such a form and consistence they abide longer in the ventricle and their vertue is more easily carried to the parts diseased and oppressed with excrementitious humours When therefore we would have a Medicament stay longer in the ventricle we give it in a solid form and such are not onely the prescribed purgative Pills but the Hypnotical and Arterial ones that follow CHAP. 22. Pilulae de Cynoglosso or Pills of Dogs-tongue â„ž of MyrrheÊ’ vj. OlibanumÊ’ v. the root of Hounds-tongue Henbane-seed Opium of eachÊ’ iij. Saffron Castoreum of eachÊ’ j. ss and with Syrupe of Stoechados make it up into a mass which let be conveniently reposed for use The COMMENTARY The Neotericks have retained the old description but not the name of these Pills for Mesue their Author calls them from their effect Pills for all diseases but these call them Pills of Cynogloss which is neither for quantity nor quality prepollent therein perhaps they mistake Cynogloss for Arnogloss which might more properly give them denomination for seeing Mesue described them for astriction Arnogloss being of an astrictive quality was more convenient but we with Fernelius admit of the new name and adde Castorium for the castigation of Opium But we think that Rhodostagm or rose-Rose-water is altogether inconvenient for the receipt of the powders if we would have the mass of a legitimate consistence or fit to be kept and we substitute in its stead Syrupe of Stcechados by whose quality the head will be roborated and armed against the nocuments of Opium and by its lentour the powders will be coacted into a more idoneous mass as for its confection the root of Cynogloss must first be brayed with the seed of Henbane and then the other simples apart the brayed Opium must be first subacted by the Syrupe then the other powders must be mixed and coacted into a mass They conciliate sleep stay Catarrhs distillations of the head Vires the Cough and such succedent affections for they cohibit all distillations whether upon the Breast and Lungs or Teeth or elswhere CHAP. 23. Of Laudanum NOt many years ago there arose a company of Pseudo-Medicks who in stead of the usual Pills of Cynogloss exhibited a certain confection which they called Laudanum whereby they promised not onely to conciliate sleep but abigate all diseases I then saw a Circulator who boasted by his Laudanum to revoke men almost exanimated or half dead and man the Encomium of this Medicine so won upon men that no Empirick so stupid no Medicaster so dull nor Tonsor so plebeious but he was a Laudanister or else not worth flaming I wooed some with prayers some with price to tell me this Medicament but found amongst twenty of its descriptions not one like another yea he that was most ignorant would profess he had the best But I heard some Mountebanks exhibit Pills of Cynogloss for Laudanum extorting for each Pill the weight of half a scruple in gold And thus were the credulous Plebeians drawn with new names and unusual words circumvented by the subtilty of these rafrous Juglers The descriptions of Laudanum given by more perite Alchymists are seldome and hardly made for they consist of the best of Gems Hyacinths and Corals of the essence of Saffron and Opium of the Oyls of Cinamon Cloves Liquor of Margarites Powder of Unicorns-horn of the Bezar-stone Amber-grise and other precious stones and doubtless a confection of these materials must needs be eximious and I approve of the learned rich Alchymists acts who make keep and exhibit this to the diseased but alas the improbous do so impose upon us that we can scarce give the honest and good I saw a certain Laudanum exhibited by a learned Princely Medick which wrought happy effects This sequel one is eximious and easie to be made â„ž of
they boyl it before they sell it out lest it should be sown and germinate elswhere as we have shewed Chap. 14. Sect. 3. Book 4. of our Medicinal Materials Dianison cures the cold distemper of the ventricle Vires caused by crude phlegm or flatulency it cures diuturnal coughs proceeding from cold humours and frees the bowels from obstructions CHAP. 11. Diacinnamomum or The compound Powder of Cinamon D. Mes ℞ of small Cinamonʒ xv Cassia-wood the root of Enula-campane of eachʒ iiij Galangalʒ vij Cloves Long-pepper both the Cardamomes Ginger Mace Nutmegs Aloes-wood of eachʒ iij. Saffronʒ j. Sugarʒ v. Mosch ℈ ij make of these a Powder according to Art The COMMENTARY Of the Aromata's which this Powder admits Cinamon is most prepollent which is of two sorts the one more tenuious and fragrant which the Arabians call Darcheni the other more crass and less odorate which we call vulgar or ligneous Cinamon We have depinged both their Histories in Chap. 9. Sect. 3. and Book 1. of our Medicinal Matter The Neotericks for more suavities sake prepare Diacinnamomum with Musk. Its preparation is no more but pulveration and the confused union of the Powders Diacinnamomum consisting wholly of hot and aromatical ingredients Vires doth miraculously resartiate strength exhilarate the spirits and cure all affections proceeding from cold causes CHAP. 12. Lithontripticon or A Powder to break the Stone ℞ of the blood of a Buck-goat prepared ℥ j. the blood of a Hare burnt ℥ ss the roots of Sea-holly Sowbread Madder Cyprus Orris the Florentine the seeds of Gromwel and Saxafrage Winter-cherries of eachʒ ij Lapis Spongiae Egge-shells burnt the inward tunicle of the ventricle of a Hen Juniper-berries Cardamomes Cinamon Mace of each ʒ j. ss the seeds of Smallage Petroseline Bishopweed Asparagrass Caraway Carret Hartwort Coriander Citron Mallows Melon Pepon and Pimpinel of eachʒ j. the Gumme of the Cherry-treeʒ ij let them be all beaten and made into a fine Powder The COMMENTARY We have rejected the old description of this Powder which vulgar Apothecaries call Lithontribon because it receives many astrictives and some things that hinder its efficacy in breaking the stone and extracting the sand of the Reins and others that are too rare and precious or can never be had sincere in whose stead we give another Lithontripticon most aptly composed to break the stone expel sand and cure other affections of the Reins and Bladder But before Goats-blood ingrede its composition it should be thus prepared First a Goat of four years old or thereabouts should be selected and jugulated the blood which comes out in the middle must be put in an earthen pot for that which flows out first is too tenuious the last too crass then the pot must be covered with a rare linen cloth and exposed to the Sun that the blood may coagulate the watry must be rejected and the more crass concreted blood dryed brayed and kept in a glass vessel they are too superstitious who will not kill the Goat till the Sun be entring into Cancer and he have been nourished a long time with Saxifrage Pimpinella Smallage and the like nor collect any save the arterial blood for though this preparation be not useless yet it is not necessary nay there can scarce be such plenty of those plants they require got as will nourish a Goat a long time and besides his blood whose pabulum is not changed is as efficacious for breaking the stone The Hares-blood newly extracted must be so assated that it turn not to ashes but may be pulverated There is nothing besides in this preparation either difficult or operous This Powder taken in a little white-wine Vires or water of Pellitory of the wall or such convenient liquor will expel stones and sand from the Reins Bladder and Ureters and potently move Urine CHAP. 13. Pulvis Diacalaminthes or The compound Powder of Mint D. N. Myr. ℞ Mountain-Calamint Peny-royal black Pepper the seeds of Massilian * * * Seseleos Hartwort and Parsley of each ʒ iij. andʒ ij the seeds of Sermountain Ameos Bishopweed Dill tops of Thyme Cinamon Ginger of each ℈ ij Smallage-seed ℈ j. make of these a fine Powder and keep it in a glass with a narrow orifice The COMMENTARY There are various descriptions given of this Powder but all practical Medicks take and approve of this of Myrepsus as best Galen exhibits the like but he makes it too hot and sharp by too much Ginger and Pepper we have put Dill for Anise yet with this reserve That any one may without difference or damage to the compound substitute which he pleases This is prepared as the precedents Diacalamin the extenuates crass and viscid humours Vires discusses flatulency moves urine and fluors cures the cough from cold humours helps the distribution of the aliment to the Liver roborates the ventricle augments appetite it may be given in form of a soft Electuary if it be mixed with Honey a solid one if with Sugar CHAP. 14. Pulvis contra Pestem seu Bezoardicus or A Powder against the Plague or Bezoar-Powder ℞ of the roots of Tormentil Angelico Enula-campane Gentian Pyony Aloes-wood yellow Sanders Harts-horn Ivory the bone in the heart of a Hart Juniper-berries Cardamomes the seeds of Sorrel and Carduus Cloves Mace Cinamon of eachʒ j. ss the rinds of Citron and Orange Diptamus Scordeum Squinant the aromatick Reed Rose-leaves Saffron of eachʒ j. Bole-armeniack washed in Rose-water and Lemnian-Earth of eachʒ ij Camphyr gr viij Amber-grise Leaf-gold of each ℈ j. make of these a very fine and small Powder and repose it in a glass which sign Pulvis Bezoardicus The COMMENTARY Medicaments which oppugn the Plague expugn Poysons evert their harm and defend life are by the Greeks called Antidota by the Arabians Bezaardica of which sort there are some simples as the Bezar-stone Zerumbet and Precious-stones some compounds as Cordials and Theriacals which consist of many things that roborate the heart spirits and vital parts extinguishing poysons and venenate qualities therefore they are said to be in a mean participating both of our nature and poysonous qualities as Mithridate whose frequent use is not safe where there is no suspicion of a venenate quality for if it finde no object on which it may act it leaves the vestigia of its inimick quality impressed on the parts accending the humours and preying upon the native calour But such compound Medicaments as consist onely of cordial and roborative ingredients and by some special faculty oppugning poyson are at all seasons convenient for all temperatures and diseases as this Powder we have described whose faculties are eximious in expugning malign affections and defending the noble parts And it is given in water or some cordial decoction or idoneous conserve or else it is excepted in the Syrupe of Kermes or Lemmons or concinnated into the form of an Opiate it may also with Honey despumed in some cordial
wherewith they mix the Powder of Worms But I had rather make it thus ℞ of Steel well preparedʒ ij Cinamonʒ ss the species for the Electuary of the three Sanders and de Gemmis of each ℈ j. the Powder of Dictamus ℈ ss with Sugar dissolved in balm-Balm-water ℥ iiij of which make Tablets ofʒ iij. weight or ℥ ss one whereof take in the morning fasting They used to put more Sugar to Cordial Tabels but then they are less efficacious THE SECOND PART Of Powders necessary to be had in Shops IN the former part of this Section we have tradited onely most select Cordial Powders omitting onely such whose qualities were affine and similar whose descriptions were ungrounded and use disapproved Now in this second part we shall treat of such as being more frigid and sweeter are not as the former Aromatical but Bechical and Thoracical for they are convenient for the Cough of the Lungs and all Thoracical affections CHAP. 17. Pulvis Diaireos simplex ℞ of Florentine Orris ℥ ss Sugar-candy Pul. Diatrag. frigid of eachʒ ij make of them all a Powder to be kept for use The COMMENTARY The Author of this Powder is most uncertain but its use most frequent it should be conveniently excepted in Sugar duly cocted in the white of an Egge clarified with Coltsfoot-water and concinnated into Tabels or Lozenges Each ounce of Powder must have a pound of Sugar yea they sometimes put two ounces of Sugar to one dragm of Powder and the Electuary thus made is more grateful but less efficacious as on the contrary when each dragm of Powder receives an ounce of Sugar The manner of its preparation is so easie that it needs no further description It stayes the distillation of the Jaws Vires attenuates cocts and expectorates crass humours There is another composition of Diaireos denoted by Solomons name which being harder to make more insuave and no whit more efficacious is seldome made CHAP. 18. Pulvis Diatragacanthi frigidi or The Powder of cold Diatragacanthum D. Myrep ℞ of Penidees ℥ iij. Gum Thraganth ℥ j. Gum Arabickʒ x. Starch ℥ ss the seeds of white Poppyʒ iij. of the four greater cool seeds Liquorice of eachʒ ij Camphyr ℈ ss make of these a Powder The COMMENTARY This Powder hath its name and basis from Tragacanthum which in its composition is most prepollent It receives many Bechical viscid refrigerative and lenitive simples whereunto Myrepsus its Author addes Nettle-seed as very accommodate for the attenuation and expurgation of crass humours which because it makes the compound both in colour and sapour ingrateful is by Neotericks omitted others supplying its faculty better It is kept either in form of a Powder as the rest or of a tabulated Electuary each ounce of Powder admitting of a pound of Sugar It helps all hot affections of the lungs and breast Vires conduces much to such as are macilent or consumed it cures the Pleurisie asperity of the tongue and jaws and cocts and expectorates spittle CHAP. 19. Pulvis Diapendit sine speciebus or The Powder of Penidees without species D.N. Myreps ℞ of Penidees ℥ ij Pine-nuts sweet Almonds decorticated white Poppy-seed of eachʒ iij. the Juyce of Liquorice Gum Thraganth Arabick the four greater cool seeds Starch of eachʒ j. ss Camphyr gr viij make of them all a Powder The COMMENTARY Diapenidion is made either without species as in this form or with them when Cinamon Cloves and Ginger are added thereto as Myrepsus its Author describes it and the said species Almonds Poppy-seed and Liquorice-juyce are put in equal weight It is kept either in form of a Powder or of a solid Electuary which by the Authors advice may be thus made Three ounces of Violers must be macerated and cocted in a pound of water till the water be of a violaceous colour one pound of Sugar must be cocted in the colature to the consistence of a solid Electuary wherewith whilst hot the Penidees and other levigated simples must be so mixed and subacted that the mass may acquire a solid form whereof tabels or Rhombodies may be concinnated and reposed for use All with one consent confect Penidees thus but few agree in the proportion of the simples for each one changes their weight this we have delivered is the most usual form This Powder conduces very much to those that are infested with a cough Vires pleurisie difficulty of breathing asperity of jaws hoarseness and many vices of the lungs If it be made with the species besides the enumerated effects it also incides attenuates and cocts viscid crass and cold humours preparing them for expectoration CHAP. 20. Confectio de Rebecha ℞ of the Powder of Diaireos cold Diatraganth of eachʒ ij Powder of Liquorice ℥ ss Sugar-candyʒ iij. and with Gum Thraganth dissolved in Rose-water make a Paste of which Rolls The COMMENTARY Though this confection be of an unknown Author yet it is most usual grateful for sapour and commendable for effects The Powders whereof it consists are indeed kept severally till they be mixed with Tragacanthum solved in rose-Rose-water or other convenient liquor or else coacted with Sugar cocted in some idoneous humour into a mass whereof Pastills or Bacills may be formed We anumerate it amongst Bechical Powders because it is of the same use and consistence Some think this consection is called Rebecha from Bechia for it is Bechical some ignorant fellow reading Rebechi for ℞ Bechi in some ancient Medicks receipt gave the name to this Confection which is now called Rebecha It cures such as cough Vires breathe difficultly spit corrupt blood are infested with the Peurisie asperity of the tongue and jaws and hoarseness CHAP. 21. Of Penidees PEnidees are much commended amongst bechical and arteriacal Medicaments which consist but of a few ingredients for they are made of Sugar and Barley-water mixed in such proportion and so cocted that a mass expurges thence of such solidity that it is tractable not adhering to ones fingers but easily ducible into long or short crass or small threads which that it may be duly effected the mass while hot is adduced reduced and drawn upon a ferreous hook affixed to the Beam till it be dealbated and severall figures made out of those threads Bulcasis the Author of this Compound made it of pure water Sugar and Honey mixed with as much Oyl of bitter Almonds But now we take Barley-water omit Honey and onely anoint the hands of the subacter and the Marble on which it is projected with Oyl The shop-men call this Medicament Alphenicum from the whiteness it contracts by subaction and duction It cures the cough hoarseness and asperity of the artery moves Vires cocts and excludes spittle and helps all affections of the Lungs and Breast SECT II. Of liquid Antidotes THere are of the Powders described and other Cordial and Alexiterial ones diluted in some idoneous liquor certain soft confections made which we sometimes call Liquid Antidotes
mollified in a hot Morter with a hot Pestel and Aloes-wood very small pulverated added to it then the Musk must be brayed alone and last of all the Camphyr all must be well agitated subacted and mollified and a little Oyl liquid Amber or Opobalsamum superadded that they may be coacted into a more convenient mass whereof Pastils may be formed They have the same faculties with Trochisks of Gallia but more efficacious Noble-men oftner use them for Persumes CHAP. 8. Trochisci de Caphura or Trochisks of Camphyr D.Myr. â„ž of CamphyrÊ’ ss SaffronÊ’ ij StoraxÊ’ iij. red Roses Gum-Arabick Thraganth shavings of Ivory of eachÊ’ ss the seeds of Cucumer and Purslain Liquorice beaten of each â„¥ j. and with musilidge of Fleabit-seed made in Rose-water make them into Troches The COMMENTARY Of the various sorts of Trochisks of Camphyr described by the Ancients that is onely made which Mesue prescribes for hot Fevers the ardour of Bile and of the Liver Blood and Ventricle and thirst inextinguishable but it consisting of many hot Simples as Spikenard Xylo-aloes Saffron and Cardamome I cannot easily conjecture how it can effect these things I exhibit others of the same name much better more efficacious for those ends and more casie to make out of Myrepsus in whose description I finde nothing mutable but the order of the Simples onely in stead of Spodium if there be any such thing besides Pompholix or the Graecian I would rather exhibit crude Ivory then burnt for many reasons before-urged The preparation is neither troublesome nor laborious the powder or scrapings of Ivory must be levigated apart and also the other simples Saffron Camphyr Amylum Roses and Liquorice the Gummes must be brayed in a hot Morter Cucumers-seed must be decorticated then minutely cut and levigated then must they all be received in the musilidge of Fleabane and made into a Paste for Trochisks They mitigate the heat of the liver and other bowels Vires temperate the acrimony of Bile and stay the fluor of humours delabing upon â—he Lungs CHAP. 9. Trochisci Diarrhodon D. Mes â„ž of red Roses â„¥ j. Liquorice â„¥ ss Spikenard Aloes-wood of eachÊ’ ij and ℈ ij MastickÊ’ ij burnt Ivory ℈ iiij Saffron ℈ ij make them into Troches with white-wine The COMMENTARY Various Authors give various descriptions of these Pastils for every one at his pleasure addes detracts perverts changes and oftentimes designs the same Medicament with divers names calling two or three by one word of the same acceptation Besides this of the Trochisks of Diarrhodon or of Roses Mesue describes others whose significations include others Their reasons are futilous who endeavor to prove the diversity of these from the diversity of names But if I may with an approved Author speak my minde I will call these the Trochisks of Diarrhodon and not of Roses whose preparation further to declare were superfluous seeing it bears nothing of difficulty in it In stead of Spodium we put the vulgar Antispodium which is burnt Ivory They cure pituitous Vires inveterate and implicite Fevers they allay the dolours of the ventricle and deterge the humours adherent thereunto they are mixed in many great compounds described by Mesue There are other Troches of Diarrhodon described by Myrepsus which are made after this manner â„ž of red RosesÊ’ iij. SpodiumÊ’ ij red SandersÊ’ j. ss gr vij white SandersÊ’ j. gr xij Saffron ℈ ij ss Camphyr ℈ ss which with rose-Rose-water form into Troches CHAP. 10. Trochisci de Carabe or Troches of Amber D. Mes â„ž Amber â„¥ j. Harts-horn burnt Gum-Arabick burnt Thraganth Coral burnt Acacia Juyce of Cystus Balaustians Mastick black Poppy-seed of eachÊ’ ij and ℈ ij Olibanum Saffron Opium of eachÊ’ ij and with the mufilidge of Fleabane-seed form them into Troches The COMMENTARY I have selected these Pastils of Mesue as most efficacious amongst fifteen of that name described by as many Authors a great part whereof are onely nominally like these They are denominated from Amber which the Arabians call Karabe and the Graecians Electrum which is very good to roborate the bowels cohibit bloody flux and stay the Rheumatism of the Uterus It s incrassative faculty is augmented by the interjection of Gumme and Opium its astrictive faculty by the shrubs of Cistus and Acacia Opium is castigated by Saffron the ventricle is roborated by Mastick all are comprehended in the musilidge of Fleabane and the asperity of their parts levigated Mesue commands many things to be burned for their preparation but if they be admitted crude the Medicament will be no worse for if Harts-horn or Coral have any eximious vertue in them it is probable they have it while crude and not by ustion I am not ignorant what ustion conduces to Medicaments what it takes from them or what it addes to them onely some are so weak that they will not indure such preparation without much loss But let those burn them that will so they retain their faculties with their ashes Acacia and Hypocistis should be first minutely cut then pulverated with Pomegranate-flowers and then the rest Trochisks may be made of all of them brayed in order and by art with the musilidge of Fleabane They are roborative and astrictive Vires one dragm of them taken in Plantain or Rose-water stay all flux of blood especially from the upper region of the body the Lungs Liver Reins Uterus and Haemorrhoids they cure the Dysentery whether assumed at the mouth or injected at the Fundament CHAP. 11. Trochisci de Antispodio or Trochisks of Antispodium D. Mes â„ž of red RosesÊ’ vij Antispodium or burnt Ivory â„¥ ss Purslain-seed Juyce of Liquorice of eachÊ’ ij and with the musilidge of Fleabane-seed make them into Troches The COMMENTARY If we may babble with others we shall call these Pastils the Trochisks of Spodium though unwillingly for Spodium is not Basis but rather Antispodium which vulgar Apothecaries usurp for the burnt roots of Tabaxir But let that Pseudospodium and the Arabian Spodium be gone these Trochisks are made and denominated from Antispodium so called by us with the addition of Roses Purslain-seed and Liquorice-juyce complected in the succe of Fleabane And thus made Vires they do not onely ingrede the composition of the Electuary of Psyllam but are given alone in acute Fevers inflammations of the Liver and vehement thirstings Mesue gives others more compound admitting of Sorrel-feed the pulp of Sumach Amylum Coriander Pomegranate-flowers Berberries and Gumme-Arabick excepted in the succe of Omphacium But they are less usual and agree not with the said Electuary CHAP. 12. Trochisci de Berberis or Trochisks of Berberries â„ž of the berries of Berberries with their Juyce of the Juyce of Liquorice the seeds of Purslain burnt Ivory of eachÊ’ iij. red RosesÊ’ vj. Spikenard Saffron Starch Thraganth of eachÊ’ j. CamphyrÊ’ ss and with Manna dissolved in the Juyce of Berberries make them into Troches The COMMENTARY Mesue hath another description of the same name but
will educe clear water then incend it and you will have rubicund Oyl keep each apart They are special Medicaments for the cure of wounds Balsamum 5. Med. Florent or the fifth Balsam by the Medicks of Florence â„ž of Turpentine lb j. old Oyl â„¥ vj. Oyl of Bayes â„¥ iiij Cinamon Spikenard of each â„¥ ij new Tyles well boyled â„¥ viij Bray such as are to be brayed and distil them in an Alembick It moves Urine breaks stones kills worms helps the hissing of the ears the Palsey Cramp Gout and all dolours of the Junctures either by way of Potion or Unguent a small quantity thereof in a water fit for the affection may be drunk Balsamum 6. Euonymi or The sixth Balsam D. Euonym which is yet vulnerary â„ž of Turpentine â„¥ ss Olibanum â„¥ vj. Aloes Mastick Galangal Cinamon Saffron Nutmegs Cloves Cubebs of each â„¥ j. Gum of Ivy â„¥ ij Pulverate and mix them with Turpentine then put them in a glass Alembick and adde to them Camphyr and Amber-grise of eachÊ’ ij Distil them with a slow fire the first water will be white and clear and is called the Wine of Balsam the second is flave called Oyl the third croceous and that is the surest Balsam This Balsam is much commended for its excellent faculties for it is the most speedy collective of wounds sarcotical to hollow Ulcers and epulotical to all it is a sure help for the Palsey and imbecility of the Nerves Balsamum 7. vulgare or The seventh and vulgar Turpentine â„ž of Venetian Turpentine lb j. Gum-Elemni â„¥ v. common Rosine â„¥ iij. let these be melted together adding thereunto the powder of long Birthwort â„¥ ij Dragons-bloodÊ’ iij. repose it in a vessel to cool This Balsam is inferiour to none in perducing old or new Ulcers to sanity it especially cures the external diseases of the head it is easie to make Balsamum 8. admirabile or The eighth and admirable Balsam â„ž of the leaves and stowers of Tutsan or the grains of the leaves flowers or tops of S. Johns-wort the tops of both the Oaks of Jerusalem of the leaves of Ground-Ivy of each m. ss of both sorts of Sage and of Ground-pine of each m. ss Macerate them two dayes in lb ij of white and generous wine adde lb ij ss of old Oyl Boyl them on a slow fire till the wine be dissipated adde to the colature of Turpentine lb j. Olibanum â„¥ iiij Myrrhe â„¥ iij. Mastick Dragons-blood of each â„¥ ij Storax â„¥ j. Boyl them a little on a slow fire then repose them seven dayes in the Sun and repose them in an earthen or glass vessel for use This Balsam is not causlesly called The Wonderful one for many affections which contemn other Praesidies are miraculously cured by the adjument of this It presently cures any new Wound or Ulcer it heals also inveterate and dyepulotical ones it roborates the nerves cures trembling and palsey conduces to all external affections of the head especially cold ones it foments innate heat allayes frigid dolours and roborates the parts I could describe more but they are needless if these be in readiness Finis Libri Quarti The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY Of EXTERNAL MEDICAMENTS THE FIFTH BOOK Of Unguents and Cerecloths THE PREFACE UNguents were of old in such use and fame that he that handled or sold them solely or them and other Medicaments was called an Unguentary and Myropolist The Arabians often call Cerecloths and Salves Unguents as Dioscorides doth many odorate Oyls according to that of Hippocrates A Medick should be Unguented that is Perfumed that by the fragrant halite of his vesture he may purchase glory amongst the vulgar But now Unguents are in a more angust acceptance taken onely for those Medicaments which adhibited and illited onely on external parts are thought to auxiliate them when other Medicaments would either through their gravity burthen them or through their humidity hurt them and are olaginous of a middle consistence betwixt a Cerecloth and a Liniment as a Cerecloth is betwixt an Unguent and a Salve Now the proportion of Oyl in the confection of an Unguent is such that one ounce thereof responds to each dragm of Powder and two dragms of Wax So that there is four times as much Oyl as Wax and eight times as much Oyl as Powder And seeing heat makes the consistence of an Unguent softer and cold harder Myropolists used to mix more Oyl in Winter and less in Summer with their ingredients Now seeing there is much conformity betwixt a Cerecloth and an Unguent both consisting of the same Materials onely differing in proportion the Unguent receiving more Oyl and less Wax that it may be of a middle consistence betwixt a Liniment and a Cerecloth more spisse then the one and more liquid then the other We have determined to treat of them both in this Book In whose first Section we shall describe the most approved and usual Unguents in the second Cerecloths Now Unguents are either made with fire as those that admit Wax Rosines and decoctions of Simples or without fire as such as need onely nutrition and subaction as the crude Unguent and the Unguent of Quicksilver of which we shall in particular treat in this Book beginning with the Refrigerative The first whereof that occurs is the Unguent of Roses CHAP. 1. Unguentum Rosatum or The Unguent of Roses D. Mes â„ž Hogs-suet nine times washed in hot and cold water fresh red Roses of each lb iij. mingle them and let them be macerated seven days afterwards boyl them upon a gentle fire and let them be strained afterwards fresh Roses put in macerated boyled and strained as before afterwards pour upon it of the Juyce of red Roses lb j. ss Oyl of sweet Almonds lb ss boyl them upon a gentle fire till the Juyce be consumed and if in boyling you adde a little Opium it will be excellent to procure sleep The COMMENTARY That this Unguent may be duly confected the Hogs-grease should be accurately purged from its membranes nine times washed in warm water and nine times in cold that it may depose all its odour for so it will be more apt to receive any odour and easily admit of the fragrance of Roses Now the maceration of the Roses should be iterated that they may be more efficacious half as much of their succe and the sixth part of as much of the Oyl of Almonds as there is of grease should ingrede the colature according to Mesue But to three pounds of Hogs-grease we put a pound and an half of the succe of Roses and half a pound of the Oyl of Almonds Some in stead of the Oyl of Almonds put the Oyl of Roses or Omphacinum but then the Unguent will not open the pores of the skin nor permeate so quickly It may be made without any Oyl seeing it is liquid enough of it self and thus almost all Myropolists make it But it is better to have it too liquid with the Oyl of
Almonds then too crass without it And as it is against the Rules of Art that all the quantity of Oyl which Mesue prescribes should be taken sois it contrary to right Reason that all should be refused Some to acquire a greater redness and more elegant colour whereof Aromataries are most studious mix Alcanet-root with the coction but it were much better to mutuate that colour from Roses then other irrequisite simples Mesue would have Opium diluted in rose-Rose-water accede its confection that it might withall conciliate sleep to the interruptly vigilant whereunto I willingly assent and wish that Apothecaries would confect if not all yet part of this Unguent with Opium It extinguishes immoderate heat inflammations pimples and S. Anthonies fires it allayes the dolours of the head from a hot cause it mitigates the ardour of the Ventricle Reins and Liver that which admits Opium effects all these more validly and besides conciliating of sleep cures Phrensie and refects strength Unguents of Violets Water-Lillies and other flowers of all qualities may be confected after the same manner CHAP. 2. Unguentum Album Rhasis or Rhasis his white Unguent â„ž Oyl of Roses â„¥ ix Ceruse washed in Rose-water â„¥ iij. white Wax â„¥ ij make it into an Unguent The COMMENTARY This Unguent consists of few things and is described alike by few Authors VVe conjecture that the variety of its descriptions arises from this That Rhasis its author gave not the dosis of the simples definitely and therefore every one augments diminishes and changes them at his own will Some rather desiring the grace of odour then vertue adject Camphyr others the succe of Tragacanthum some Lithargie others the whites of Egges so that its description is nowhere certain but at Paris where all the Apothecaries make it after this who so rub the Ceruse on the setaceous sieve that it will go thorow then they wash it often in common water afterwards in Rose-water then they dry it and after siccation rub it to powder which they mix with wax melted in the Oyl of Roses and by agitation with a Spatle reduce it into an Unguent of a white colour and legitimate consistence which is indued with much vertue for it cures the Itch Scab Adustion Galling Vires Ulcers the eruption of Pimples Tetters the hot distemper of Ulcers and many other cutaneous vices CHAP. 3. Unguentum Populeon or The Unguent of Poplar D.N.Myr. â„ž of the buds of the black Poplar-tree lb j. ss of the leaves of black Poppy Mandrake the tender tops of Bramble Henbane Nightshade Lettice small Stonecrop the greater and lesser House-leek Violet-leaves * * * Cotyledon Kidney-wort of each â„¥ iij. fresh Hogs-suet lb iij. make it into an Unguent according to Art The COMMENTARY Salernitanus borrowed this description of Myrepsus and Praepositus of Salernitanus but neither of them gave due honour to its Author both covering his Name Now it is called the Populean Unguent from its Basis the tender eyes or buds of the black Poplar which erupt out of its summities in the beginning of the Spring and are collected in March before they be perfectly explicated whereunto many Refrigeratory and Hypnotical Medicaments are adjoyned as the leaves of Mandrake Poppy Henbane Lettice and Nightshade and of both the House-leeks and Stone-crop but that Vermicular should be selected which bears white flowers and affects not the tongue with any acrimony The leaves also of Kidney-wort which perite Herbalists call sometimes Cymbal sometimes Coral and sometimes Venus her Navel must be added hereunto and it is thus made The fresh buds of the Poplar must be contunded and mixed with the grease purged from its membranes and put into a figuline vessel well operculated and reposed in moderate heat till May or June or till the other expetible Plants may be had which must then be collected purged brayed in a Morter and concorporated with the former fermentated mixture which must then again be reposed in a warmer place for a week or longer then put in a Caldron with one pound of Wine or Vinegar which many think more convenient but wine in so small a quantity will not harm the Refrigeratives whereas some would adde Burre-dock which is hotter some take Nightshades succe to it that the colour may be greener It conciliates sleep Vires helps such as labour under hot Fevers or Head-aches from hot causes if their foreheads and temples their feetplants or hands-palms be anointed therewith CHAP. 4. Ungaentum Natritum seu crudum or The crude or Triapharmacal Unguent of Lithargie D. Mes â„ž of Oyl of Roses lb j. Litharge finely beaten lb ss Vinegar â„¥ iiij beat these together in a Morter till they acquire the consistency of an Unguent The COMMENTARY This is one of those Unguents which are depraved by each Artist because of the indefinite dosis of the simples whereof it consists for Mesue prescribes onely to this preparation That sometimes Oyl sometimes Vinegar and Lithargie accede which should be well laboured in a Morter yea many to this day neither limit the quantity of Oyl nor of Vinegar butonely describe as much as will suffice others take equal parts of both and as much Lithargie others and that better take one pound of Oyl half a pound of Lithargie and three ounces of Vinegar We have given a due proportion of each yet if the Myropolist in its agitation finde one thing too little or too much he may at his judgement change it Now this Unguent should be continually agitated with a Pestel till it acquire a fit spissitude Much of Oyl or Vinegar must not at first be affunded on the Lithargie lest it be submerged and never be able to attain an Unguentary consistence Some agitate it in a plumbeous Morter with a plumbeous Pestel that it may be more desiccative but this obscurer tincture many like not in Unguents others wash Lithargic in Rose-water some adde the succe of Nightshade with Ceruse but it is best to prepare it after the form given which the Parisian-Apothecaries follow yet all need not at all times to take Oyl of Roses but without errour sometimes common Oyl It is called the crude Unguent because it is made without fire the nutritum because with much nutrition it acquires an Unguentary form sometimes the Triapharmacal from the union of the three simples whereof it consists of which duly cocted may be made a salve that should be kept in all shops as most usual It represses desiccates generates flesh in hollow Ulcers Vires and heals them CHAP. 5. Unguentum de Bolo or The Unguent of Bole. â„ž Bole-armeniack lb ss of the Juyces of Nightshade and Plantain of each â„¥ iij. Vinegar â„¥ ij Oyl of Roses lb j. Mingle them and stir them together in a Morter till they come to the consistency of an Unguent The COMMENTARY Guido Cauliacus gives the same or like description which they say he discerped from the ninth Book of Galens simples but I evolving
it should be made very refrigerative to put the succes of Lettice Nightshade Sempervive and such refrigerants to it But this needs not be done but when the time of use calls for it these may be added for it is better to have it made in the shops after the most simple form It cures Inflammations S. Anthonies fires Pimples Carbuncles Vires red Swellings and all hot distempers It also much helps the Feverish if it be put upon their Hypochondria CHAP. 2. Ceratum Santalinum or The Cerate of Sanders D. Mes â„ž of Rose-leavesÊ’ xij red SandersÊ’ x. white and yellow of each â„¥ vj. Bole-armeniackÊ’ vij white Wax washedÊ’ xxx IvoryÊ’ vij CamphyrÊ’ ij Oyl of Roses lb j. make into a Cerate The COMMENTARY The Pharmacopolist that wants Sugar is not so derisible as he that wants this Ceratum whose continual and happy use sufficiently nobilitate it It is from Wax called Ceratum from Santals Santalinum You may make it thus First pulverate all the Santals together the Roses Bole-armeniack Ivory and Camphyr apart then mix the Wax with the Oyl that they may be liquefied on a slow fire when they are confusedly melted and a little cold wash them thrice or more in rose-Rose-water whereunto adject the said powders yet in such method that the Camphyr be last put in then agitate subact and unite all into the consistence of a Ceratum We have put crude not burnt Ivory for Spodium and why we have so done hath been frequently shewed It allayes the inflammations exustions and hot distempers of the Ventricle Liver and other parts with much efficacy CHAP. 3. Ceratum Stomachicum or A Cerate for the Stomach taken out of Mes â„ž Roses Mastick of eachÊ’ x. dryed WormwoodÊ’ vij ss SpikenardÊ’ v. Wax â„¥ ij Oyl of Roses â„¥ ix make it according to Art into a Cerate The COMMENTARY This Ceratum of Mesue's being more efficacious then those two which Galen describes it is more usual and frequent in shops For its preparation melt the Wax and Oyl when cold wash them oft in Rose-water melt them again and wash them in equal portions of the succe of Quinces and of black austere wine with a little Vinegar which may be well omitted In the mean-while pulverate the Roses and VVormwood together Mastick and Spikenard apart then confusedly mix all the powders with the wax and Oyl duly washed and subact them into a legitimate spissitude Galen to whom Mesue attributes its description gives it otherwise therefore the invention of the description or at least of the better description is due to Mesue It it called Stomachical because it conduces to that part for it foments the heat of the stomack and of the whole Ventricle helps concoction dissipates flatulency cocts crude humours moves appetite and stayes vomiting but it should and must be extended all over the region of the stomack and sometimes the whole Ventricle for it roborates that also and makes it more prompt and apt to perform its office CHAP. 4. Ceratum Oesypatum Gal. tributum D. Mes â„ž Oesypi â„¥ x. Oyl of Camomile Orris of each lb ss Wax â„¥ iiij Mastick Turpentine of each â„¥ j. Rosine â„¥ ss SpikenardÊ’ ij ss SaffronÊ’ j. ss Ammoniacum â„¥ j. Storax â„¥ ss make it into a Cerate according to Art The COMMENTARY Mesue describes three Cerata's whereof we select this one attributed to Galen as most efficacious and usual which yet Rondeletius by the addition of Ammoniack and Storax hath made more effectual for thus confected it performs those effects which the descriptions of Pilagrius and Paulus pollicitate Wherefore he that hath this may be without the others It is called Oesypatum from its Basis Oesypum which you may thus extract Take a fit quantity of wooll evelled from the necks bellies and privities of sheep macerate it eight hours in hot water agitate it all the while with a stick then servefie it on the fire till it depose its fatness into the water extract and violently express the wooll and then transfuse the water from one vessel to another with much force that it may eructate much spume which collect and repose in a vessel apart iterate the transfusion in the hot Sun till all the fat spume be collected which wash and agitate in pure water till its filth be segregated and the last water remain limpid and the fatness leave no acrimony on the tongue then put it in a dense earthen pot and keep it in a cold place It is emollitive resolvative calefactive and anodynous The Ceratum you may thus confect first pulverate the Saffron Mastick Spikenard and Storax apart then mix their powders together macerate Ammoniack in Vinegar melt it and coct it to the consistence of Honey then liquefie the wax in Oyl take them from the fire and put therein Oesypum dissolved Ammoniack and Turpentine together then agitate and subact all the powders together that they may acquire due spissitude It mollifies resolves digests and allayes dolours and thence conduces to the hard tumours of the Liver Spleen Uterus Nerves Articles and other parts Authors describe other external Medicaments under the name of Cerata which being of a harder consistence we shall prosecute in our next Book of Salves Mesue describes some softer then these which are seldome or never made Finis Libri Quinti The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY Of EXTERNAL MEDICAMENTS THE SIXTH BOOK Of Emplaisters THE PREFACE BOth the Matter and Vertue of Unguents and Salves are one their consistence different which in the one is soft and liquid in the other crass and solid which are therefore made into Rolls and Bacils of a fingers length and crassitude and sometimes much more and not reposed in vessels like Unguents but involved in papers and so kept in Pharmacopolies That they may acquire that crassitude they admit of more Wax and less Oyl then Unguents as twice thrice and sometimes four times as much Wax as Oyl which quantity of Wax must be augmented or lessened according to the quantity of Rosines and concrete succes as also the quantity of Oyl as the dosis of Fat 's Grease and Marrow may ingrede the confection Now Salves are confected of the parts of Plants and Animals of Minerals and Metals some whereof give onely the body and consistence without any great vertue as Wax common Oyl Quicksilver and some Rosines others with matter give also vertue and efficacy as Minerals Plants and the other Ingredients All Salves do not admit of Wax and Rosines but receive Ladanum Frankincense and other things for their matter Some also are made without Wax and fire whose materials are Honey viscid Succes Cream and the like concreted to a due spissitude as the Salve of Bread-Crusts and Bayberries and the like This order must be observed in confecting Salves first the Wax must be melted in Oyl then the liquors succes and Mucagines mixed therewith and cocted on a slow fire till the aqueous humidity be exhaled then must the Fat 's
Waters after Distillation are to be insolated pag. 90 A Water of the extinction of Gold pag. 70 A Water for a Gonorrhaea pag. 735 A Water of Community pag. 736 A Water for the redness of the eyes Ibid. A Water against the Stone pag. 735 Alome-Water pag. 77 198 Cinamon-Water pag. 734 Cephalical Waters how many they are pag. 151 Cordial Waters what they be pag. 150 Claret-Water pag. 734 Treacle-Water pag. 733 Water-flag pag. 273 Water-lilies pag. 249 The juyce thereof what vertue it hath pag. 7 Wax which is best pag. 393 Virgins Wax Ibid. It s washing and making white Ibid. Weights their several denominations pag. 134 Their Arabian names pag. 135 What things are diligently to be weighed pag. 142 143 Widow-wail pag. 267 Willow white pag. 340 Windeflower pag. 309 Wine who first mixed water with it pag. 220 Wine its utility with the differences thereof pag. 219 220 It excites the spirits Ibid. Wine of Herbs pag. 77 Hippocrates Wine pag. 56 Winter-Cherries pag. 349 An extreme cold Winter pag. 145 Woodbind pag. 338 Wolfs liver how it is to be prepared pag. 54 How to be washed Ibid. Wolfs intestines their preparation Ibid. Wolfs grease how made pag. 453 Words their force according to the Hebrews pag. 21 Worms generated of salt and snow pag. 469 Silk-worms what kinde of animals they are pag. 471 Earth-worms their vertue pag. 469 Wormwood its species and vertues pag. 316 Roman Wormwood Ibid. X. XAntonian pag. 316 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pag. 377 Xylobalsamum pag. 282 Xylocolla pag. 452 Xylon pag. 362 Y. YArrow pag. 368 Z. ZAdar pag. 272 Zadura Ibid. Zamarat pag. 412 Zapeticon pag. 451 Zea. pag. 366 Zedoaria pag. 271 Zeduar pag. 272 Zeopyrum pag. 366 Zerumbet pag. 271 How it differs from Ginger Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. Zinzipha pag. 381 Zizipha Ibid. Zopissa pag. 378 FINIS A PHYSICAL DICTIONARY OR An Interpretation of such crabbed Words and Terms of Art as are derived from the Greek or Latin and used in Physick Anatomy Chirurgery and Chymistry With a Definition of most Diseases incident to the Body of Man And a Description of the Marks and Characters used by Doctors in their Receipts Published for the more perfect understanding OF M R. TOMLINSON'S Translation of Rhaenodaeus Dispensatory And whatever other Books of Physick and Surgery are extant in the English tongue This Dictionary will be as useful and sufficient to all our late English Practitioners in Physick or Chirurgery especially such as are not Scholars as any Dictionary of Ten Shillings price Approved by several Doctors Surgeons and Apothecaries and Recommended by them in an Epistle to all English Practitioners in Physick and Chirurgerie LONDON Printed by G. Dawson for John Garfield and are to be sold at his Shop at the sign of the Rolling Press for Pictures near the Royal Exchange in Cornhil over against Popes-head-alley 1657. To all English PRACTITIONERS IN PHYSICK ANATOMY CHIRURGERY And CHYMISTRY HOw great the necessity is of having a PHYSICALL DICTIONARY for Explaining hard Words and terms of Art in the Medicinal Sciences of Physick Chyrurgery and Chymistry such as are vers'd in the understanding thâ—se most useful mysterious and noble Arts dâ— very will know It is intended for such Persons as spend their time and employment in studying Physick and are acquainted with no other than their Mother tongue yet many times more readily Cure a Disease by their observant diligent and strict keeping to an approved Medicine than many others that trust wholly to their Art Therefore for the help of charitable and honest-meaning People this Dictionary was Compiled which hath in is as much as is necessary for understanding hard Words in the forementioned Arts being freed from that troublesome and superfluous Number of unnecessary Words which serve for nothing but to swell up the Bulk and Price of Books And thus much we have thought fit English Reader to say unto thee in Commendation of this best of Physical Dictionaries George Starky Doctor of Physick George Thornley Doctor of Physick Thomas Herbert Student in Physick and Astrologie John Rowland Doctor of Physick John Hawkins Chirurgion John Roane Chirurgion John Beach Student in Physick and Surgery Philip Frith Student in Physick and Astrology Ralph Woodall Chirurgion John Bryan Student in Physick Anthony Rowe Chirurgion John North Apothecary John Straw Practitioner in Physick John Harvy Apothecary THE STATIONER TO HIS COVNTRY-MEN Kind Country-men THe Explaining the Art of Physick having found so welcome Entertainment I hope for the like friendly Acceptance amongst you having preserved this Dictionary for your Good which others would have depriv'd you of wherein such difficult Terms as are deriv'd from the Greek or Latin and dark to the English Reader are made English and such Marks and Characters as are used by Physitians and Apothecaries in their Receipts explained and for your ease and better understanding put down the signification of their Weights and Measures according to their Characters with a definition of most Diseases incident to the Body of man And whereas there are many Words in Mr. Tomlinson's Translation of Rhaenodaeus Dispensatory not understood by any ordinary Scholars much less such as are not I have caused them to be Explained by Able Persons well Acquainted with the Practice of Physick so that the meanest Capacity by making use thereof may rightly understand whatever Difficult Expressions he shall meet withal in the said Dispensatory Your Friend and Servant JOHN GARFIELD THE EXPLANATION OF VVeights Measures A Handful is written thus M. 1. Half an Handful thus M. ss A little small Handful thus P. 1. A Scruple thus ℈ 1. Half a Scruple 10 Gra. or thus ℈ ss A Drachm thus Ê’ 1. An Ounce thus â„¥ 1. Half an Ounce or half a Drachm thus â„¥ ss Ê’ ss A Grain thus Gri. 1. A Drop thus Gut 1. The Number of any thing thus Numb 1. c. Half of any thing thus ss A Pound or Pint thus lb. 1. Twenty Grains make a Scruple Three Scruples make a Drachm Eight Drachms make an Ounce Twelve Ounces a Physical Pound Ana is of either of them so much P.x. is aequal parts or parts alike S. a. secundum antous according to art Q. â— so much as is sufficient Viz. that is to say â„ž recipe take A Physical Dictionary A ABdomen the Belly or Paunch Abeston a stone found in Arabia of the colour of Iron which being once set on fire can hardly be quenched Ablegate remove turn out send forth or out of the way Ablution washing Abortion miscarrying in Women when the Child is born so long before the time that it 's in no capacity to live Abscescus an Imposthume or Botch Abscinded cut off Absinthites Wormwood-Wine Abstergent clensing forth scowring away filth Abstersive clensing or wiping away Absumed taken away Acatia a little Thorn growing in Egypt out of the leaves and fruit whereof they draw a juyce or black liquor which being dried is called Acatia and is very astrictive or
binding our Apothecaries have seldom the right Acatia but instead thereof use the juyce of Sloes Accended burned Access a fit of an Ague Gout c. Accelerator in plain English an hastener Physically it is used for the Muscle that opens the passage of the Seed and Urine Acerb sowr or sharp Acetum Vinegar of Beer Acetaries Sallets or Herbs mixed with Vinegar to stir up appetite Acetum Vini Vinegar of Wine Acetum destillatum Distilled Vinegar Acetabula see Cotylidones Achor vel tinea or scald-head is a Disease possessing the musculous skin of the head or hairy scalp and eating thereinto like a Moth. Accidents something necessarily accompanying a Disease Acquires obtains Acrimony sharpness or freting of any sharp or corrosive water or humour of the body Aconite a venemous herb having a root like to a Scorpion shining within like Alabaster Acuminated sharp pointed Acute Diseases such as are sharp and violent but of short continuance Adamant A pretious stone commonly called a Diamond brought from Arabia and Cyprus It s the hardest of all stones insomuch that it cutteth Glass and yieldeth neither to the hammer nor fire yet it may be dissolved with warme Goats-blood Adeps farness Adjacent neer adjoyning Adjection casting or adding to Adimpleates fills up Adjuvant causes such as are subservient to the principal causes Adjument help and relief Adjuncts qualities dispositions and symptomes annexed to a Disease Adjutorious helpful Admixtion mingling together Adscitious false counterfeit Adulation flattery Adust the blood is then said to be adust when by reason of extraordinary heat the thinner parts are evaporated and the thicker remain black and dreggy Adustion burning of the blood Adulterate corrupt or counterfeit Adventitious not natural but proceeding from some Cause existing without the proper body Adstriction binding or shutting up the pores of the skin Aegilops fistala lacrymalis a tumor in the great corner of the Eye by the root of the Nose Aeftuary an hot-house or Stove Affectus unimi affectionis motions or passions of the mind Affected troubled or distempered Afflux flowing to any particular part Agaric a kind of Mushrom or Toad-stool of great use in Physick it grows upon the Larch tree in Italy and is white light brittle and spungeous it purgeth phlegm and opens obstructions in the Liver Agitation shaking any liquor together in a glass Ahenum a brass skillet with a cover Ablution is exaltation clensing impure things by often infusion reducing them to purity Albation is the abstraction of Dust moths gret cleaving to a thing with a Hares foot feather spather or such like Albugo is the white spot in the Eye called pin and web Alacrity chearfulness Alchimy is an art dissolving natural congealed substances and likewise congealed substances dissolved for the more grateful wholsom safe preparing of Medicines for mans body an art which produces magisterial and essential medicines from mixed bodies Alkakengie winter Cherries the red round berries whereof are good against obstructions of the Liver the stone and divers diseases of the Kidnies and Bladder Alcolismus is an operation by calcination ribellation and other means which reduceth a matter into Allcool the finest pouder that is Alexipharmaca Medicines to resist the plague and poyson Aliment food nourishment Aliotica altering Medicines Alopecia a falling off of the hair Alumen raw Allum Alamen combustum burnt Allum Aloes Zoccatrina it s brought from India the best is clear and red like the liver it s an excellent medicine to purge choler and proper to be taken by them that are troubled with the Emrods Allantois the skin that holds the Urine of the Child during the time it abides in the womb Allauded praised commended Alteratives medicines changing the humor and temper of the body Amalgamation is the putting together solution or calcination of familiar vessels by argentum vivum Amaritude bitterness Amaurosis Gutta serena A disease in the eyes viz. when the sight is gone and no fault to be seen Ammoniac a gum like frankincense so called because it grows in Lybia where the Temple of Ammon stood Hence is also a Salt so called found in Affrick under the sand Amnios the inner skin that compasseth the Child round in the womb Amputation dismembring or cutting off the arm leg c. Amulet any thing hang'd about the neck to preserve one from inchantment Analeptica restorative Medicines Analogical answerable in every particular Anastomasis an opening of the mouths of the veins Anastomaticum Medicine opening obstructions Anatomy is an artificial cutting of the outward inward parts Aneurism a swelling caused by the breaking the internal coat of an Artery the external being whole Anfractures turning and winding Angina a swelling in the throat which hinders breathing and swallowing and yet no defect in the lungs or breasts Animosity courage stoutness Anodines Medicines to aswage pain Anorexia a loathing of meat caus'd from abundance of crude and raw humors Anthera a Compound medicine used for sore mouths Anthrax a Carbuncle coming from blood which is black thick and filthy burning exceeding hot Anthonies fire the shingles Antidote a Medicine against poyson or any medicine which serves to amend any distemper of the body Antimony a Mineral like to Lead Antimonii vitrum Glass of Antimony or Stibium Antimonii Regulus Antimony preciptiate Antinomasia a naming before or that of any sort which is most excellent as Barbary gold Orient pearl c. Anus the fundament Apertion opening Apophlegmatisms Medicines which draw Flegm from the head Apoplexy a deep steep wherein there is a total privation of sense and motion except breathing Apostema Hepatis the Aposthume of the Liver which comes from a fall bruise or being too strait laced Appellations Names Apothects an Apothecaries-shop Apozem a Drink made with Water and divers herbs and spices used in stead of a syrup A prique place where the Sun shines Appropinquating adjoyning bordering near Neighbourhood Aptha certain Ulcers bred in the uppermost part of the mouth Aqua fortis strong Water made of Copperas Allum and salt-peter Aqua Regis a Water which divides Gold made after the manner of Aqua fortis only adding sal Armoniack Aquatical Which grows in the Water Aranea tunica the cobweb coat or tunicle Arbuscle a little shrub Arceates drives away Ardent burning or heating Arid dry Aromata Spices and sweet-smelling drugs or perfumes Aromatical smelling sweet like spice Aromatized spiced or perfumed Aromatization is an artificial manner of preparation whereby Medicaments are made more sweet to the smell and acceptable to the taste and more comfortable to the heart it is done by spices commonly Arsenicum Arsenick many wayes a good healer Arteries proceed from the heart are in a continual motion quicken the body they carry the vital blood to every part of the body their motion is that which is called the Pulse you may feel it at your Temples Wrist Groin c. Arthetical Medicines proper for the joynts especially for the heart Arthritis is a pain in the joynts
chusing of simples according to time and season Electuary a soft form of medicine made sometimes purging sometimes not Elephantiasis a kind of white scals or leprosie over the whole body of the patient making it like the side of an elephant Elevation is when subtil things are forced from those which are thick Elicite make choice of Elixar a quintessense or medicinal liquor refined by distillation to the highest purity and exalted to its utmost degree of vertue Elixation gentle boyling by a moderate heat Elution the preparation of common Bole by pulverization calcination lotion c. as Talcum Crocus martis Terra-lemnia Emanates proceeds from Embrocated moistened sprinckled wash'd or bathed Emends cures or takes away Emetos or Emesia vomiting a depraved motion of the stomach Emetica vomiting Medicines Emphrastica medicines that clog up the pores of the skin by their clamminess Empirick a Mountebank or Quacksalver that administreth Physick without any regard to rule or art Emollient softening or dissolving oyntments Emollition a softening by steeping Emollient herbs are four mallows marsh-mallows black violet and bears breech Empasms medicinal pouders used to allay inflamations and to scarifie the extremity of the skin Emplasters are a Composition of several Simples for several diseases according to the Physitians discretion Emplaistick medicines all such kind of food which is of a clammy glutinous substance Empneumasis Windiness in the stomach Emprostotonos A kind of Cramp Empyema corruption or quittour lying between the Breast and Lungs after a plurisie Empyici are such as have an imposthume or bladder broken in the side of the Lungs Emulgent veins those passages whereby the wheyish excrements of the bloud is conveyed through the kidneys into the bladder Emulsions the steeping or dissolution by steeping of any seeds or kernels in liquor till it come to the thickness of a jelly Emunctories certain passages whereby nature clenseth the body from many hurtful peccant humors which are certain kernels in the groins and under the arms where risings most commonly happen in pestilential and venemous diseases Enecated killed Eneorema the clouds that hang in distilled waters or in urins especially when the Disease is breaking away Energetical very forcible and strong Enchanthis an immoderate encrease and swelling of the caruncle or little flesh in the corner of the eye coming from the abundance of bloud in that part Encomium praise commendation Entrals the bowels Euntiates signifies Ephemera febris a light Fever that lasts but one day Ephractica medicines opening the pores of the skin Epicrasis a leasurely evacuacuation of evil humors Epidemical diseases are such as are universally spread over a whole Nation or Country such are the plague small pox fluxes sweating sicknesse c. Epidemia the plague Epiglottis is a gristle and a cover of the cleft of the Larynx made to fall upon it when we swallow that nothing should slip into the weason Epilepsia the falling sickness which is a convulsion of the whole body not continually but by fits with an hinderance both of the mind and senses Epiphora involuntary weeping Epispastick blistering plaisters or any other strong drawing plaister they are also called vesicatories Epithems bags of dried herbs pouders or spices sometimes moistened with rose-water wine or vinegar sometimes applied dry to the region of the stomach heart liver spleen or brain Epuloticks pouders or other medicines that dry up ulcers and sores Eradicate plucked up by the roots Eraded scraped off or raked away Erector in plain english A lifter up physically the muscle that makes the yard to stand Eroded rusted canker'd or eaten asunder Erumnies griefs miseries Errhins sneezing medicines to be snuft up into the head to purge the brain Erugates Takes away wrinckles Eruption a breaking or bursting out Erysipelas chollerick humors or swellings Escheoticks potential cauteries see Cauteries Esculents whatever things may be eaten Essences or chymical extracts being the most refined and spiritual part of any matter or substance Essential accidents of a Disease without which they could not be said to be as heat in a Fever leanness in a Consumption c. Eviscerate to unbowel or draw out the bowels Euphorpium a gum or tear of a strange Plant growing on the mount Atlas in Libia its yellow clear and brittle it 's good against palsies and shrinking of sinews Exhalation is when the spirit of any matter solid or in pouder is lifted up through heat and vanisheth into the air Evacuation purging or discharging the body of what is dangerous or superfluous Evaporation consumption by steem caused by a gentle heat in evaporations of liquors the flatter broader your vessel is that holds your liquor the sooner will the Operation be effected Eventilated fanned cooled or clensed by the wind as musty corn is made sweet by casting to and again abroad in the air Euchima good blood or a good habit of body Evocative that calls forth or brings forth any offensive matter or humor Euphony sound pronuntiaon Exacts drives away Exanthemata the small pox are pustules and the measles spots which arise in the top of the skin from the impurity of the corrupt bloud sent thither by force of nature Exaltation a chymical preparation whereby any thing is brought to its highest vertue and purity Exanimate drive out the life Exiccate to make dry or dry up Exasperate provoked to be more painful fell and angry than before Excavated hollow Excite stir up provokes Excrement the dregs or residence of the nourishment of the body voyded by dung sweat and urine Excrementitious that which is mixed with any impure or unnecessary excrementitious humor Excorticated fleyed or pieled Excreta things voided out of the body Exenterated having the bowels plucked out Exestuate destroy the heat of any part Exhalation vapors drawn by the Sun upwards off the face of the earth and waters Exhausted drawn dry spent Exhibited given administred Exhilerate make chearful enlighten revive Exiccation drying Exigent a streight or necessity an eminent peril Exiguity meanness littleness smalness Eximious excellent eminent exceeding admirable great Exonerate disburthen discharge Exotick strange forreign Expetible desirable worthy to be wish'd for or sought after Expel to drive forth Expectorate to help an easie spitting out of flegm Expressed squeezed out Expletes empties Expulsion the driving forth of excrements dung urine sweat or any hurtful humor offending the body Expurged clensed Exquisite perfectly perfect Extension stretching forth Extenuation leanness a consumption Extergeth clenseth Extinct dead or put out like a candle Extraction pulling or drawing out Extranous strange forreign from without Extrinsecal from without Extruct build set up Extrudes drives out Exucce without juyce Exulcerate make sore Exuperant over abounding exceeding F Fabrick the whole composition or frame of the body Fabrication building Factitious counterfeit Faculty of a medicine is a certain cause or quality whereon its properaction or vertue depends as the faculty of Aloes is to purge Faex vini the lees of wine Fames Canina Boulimia dogs appetite
Injection a medicinal liquor cast with a syringe or Clyster-pipe into the Womb Fundament or Bladder Innoxiously without harm or danger Inoculate is by cutting a round hole in the bark of one tree and a bud off another to set it on the hole of the former with clay Inodorous without smell Inordinate irregular unruly masterless Inquination defilement corruption pollution Insensible passages are certain passages in the body not perceivable to sense by reason of their smalness Insensible not to be perceived by the senses Inserted engrafted or joynted into Instinct a strong inclination impuls or secret prompting Insipid tasteless Insolation is a steeping or infusion of any thing in liquor and setting it in the Sun Inspersion sprinckling upon Inspissate juyce is the juyce of some herb boyled to the thickness of honey Integral whole or entire Intension and Remission encrease and decrease Insuavity unwholsomness or stinking Insuave unpleasant Integral whole Intercept stopped in the mid-way Intercostales the Muscles which are woven between the ribs and fill up the distances between them Intermission ceassing leaving off between whiles Internal inward Intermediate mediating between Intermitting pulse is that which the fit holds up a while and then beats again which is a sign of extreme sickness Intervention coming between Intestinum Jejunum the empty gut Intestinum caecum the blind gut Intestinum rectum the arsegut Intestinum duodenum the gut next the stomach Intestina Gracilia the little guts Intestina terrae Lumbrici terrestes earth-worms Intoxicate to bewitch to amaze or extremely dull ones spirit Introsumed taken inwardly Invalidity weakness want of strength Invasions of a disease the return of the fit Inversio ventriculi an inversion of the stomach Investigate search out Inveterate grows old Involution a wrapping up one thing in another Irradiation a shining upon Irrigation a sprinkling of moisture upon things that are to be dissolved that they may melt more easily Irritated provoked stirred to anger Ischias the Sciatica Ischuria urinaeretentio a stoppage of the urine Jucundity pleasantness Jugular veins the throat veins Jugulates signifies to choak or kill Juleps pleasant cooling drinks made most commonly of distill'd waters and syrups and given to allay heat and quench thirst in Fevers Jujubes certain Plums of Italy sold here by Apothecaries some of them are white others red round like an Olive of a sweet taste having a small hard stone if they be long kept they grow dry and full of wrinkles they are of a temperate quality and are good against the cough roughness of the throat and against all exulcerations of the kidneys and bladder but of hard digestion K Katagmatica medicines effectual in conjoyning broken bones L Lacca a kind of red Gum brought out of Arabia and sold here by Apothecaries good against diseases of the breast and comfortable to the liver Lac Virginis Maiden milk see the preparation in the general practice of Physick Lacrymae the tears of juyces or gums that distill from trees and plants of their own accord Lacteous milky Lagopthalmus or the flarecys in this disease the patient sleeps with his eyes open because his eye-lids are so short that it will not cover them Lambative medicines to be lick'd up and swallowed down softly appropriated to the Lungs Lapis Granutus the Granate stone it is pretious in medicines but by reason of its costliness is soldom used Lapis magnetis the Loadstone for value far exceeding the Diamond of a drawing and healing quality Lapis Hematis Bloud-stone good to stench bleeding inwardly and outwardly with many other medicinal vertues Lapis prunellae a stone made of salt-niter it is good against tooth-ach inflamations and sores of the mouth or throat and hot fevers taken inwardly Lapis sabulosus is a great secret in curing a Fracture being daily given the patient one dram a day mixing it with the outward medicine and applied to the pained place Larynx diseases of the teeth gums jaws pallate wind-pipe the throat or organ of the voice Larch turpentine a kind of Rosin or Turpentine that grows upon Larch-tree in Italy it s often used in oyntments and playsters to clense and heal wounds it may be taken inwardly with Hony and so it cleanseth the breast loosens the belly and is good to expel the stone and gravel Lassitude weariness Lateres stones or bricks for furnaces Latifolious with broad leaves Lateres Cribrati pouder of bricks used in preparing medicines to make good lute as well as otherwayes Laudanum a yellowish gum as some write but others affirm it to be made of a dew which falleth upon a certain Herb in Greece some say it s taken hanging at Goats-beards that feed among that plant It 's often used in Pomanders and being annointed upon the head with oyl of Myrtles it strengthens the skin and keeps the hair from falling off Lapis Lazuli a blew stone of a kind of marble with veins of gold in it it is hot and dry and being rightly prepared it's good against melancholly diseases and by cleansing the bloud preserves from the leprosie Leguminous a kind of pulse Leniating looseness Lenitive a gentle purge Lenocinies gentle medicines Lentor a clammy or glewish humor Lenetives gentle medicines to loosen the belly or plaisters or oyntments to ease pain Lepra the leprosie a disease causing a roughness of the skin with black wannish spots and dry parched scales and scurff Lethal deadly Lethargy a sleepy disease in which the senses and reason it self seem to sleep Levative medicines easing pain Leviate ease pain Levigated finely poudered Leucophlegmatia a kind of dropsie Liberates frees or releases Libidinous lustful leacherous Lichen a tetter or ringworm Lienteria intestinorum levitus a kind of flux of the stomach when the meat and drink runs from a man as he taketh it without concoction or alteration Ligamenta sinews Ligature bands wherewith joynts dislocated and broken bones are bound up and contained in their places till they may knit and grow together again it signifies also a binding of any part so hard as that thereby the bloud and humors through the pain and straitness of the ligature is drawn from the place or diseased part to the part so bound Ligneous a woody substance Ligula Uvula a little piece of flesh in the roof of the mouth Limbeck a still to distil waters Limation filing Limatura martis the filings of horn used for the making of Crocus martis Limpid clear pure transparent Linetus Eclegma lambetivum or Confection that is not chewed but licked in and by the Apothecaries is called by an Arabian word viz. Lohoch Liniments oyntments used for curing the scurvy dropsie and palsie Lipitude purblindness Lipothymy a swouning wherein one seemeth to be dead the vital spirits being suddenly opprest Liquation making liquid Liquified made liquid or turn'd to water Lithargy the foam or scum that riseth from Lead Silver or Gold c. when they are tryed It is cold in operation and of frequent use with Surgeons in oyntments and
made of Apples Pomatum a drink made of Apples Ponderous weighty Pontian Wormwood see Wormwood Poplitis vena the vein of a mans ham behind the leg Populaeon an oyntment in the shops made of poplar Pores the skin is full of small unperceivable little holes whereby sweat and vapors exhale from the body Poros that matter which consolidateth the broken bones within Posca a kind of small houshold Wine mixed with Water in the press Potent powerful Potential that is any thing in quality hot or cold or burning opposed to actual as a red hot iron is actually burning Potible that which may be drunk Precided cut off Praecipitation is when bodies dissolved in Aqua fortis into Water and Mercury cast upon them and beaten into ashes they are made perfect medicines Praecipitated thrown headlong Praeforations stoppings Praeparation of humors is to make them fit for expulsion and consists in separating them from the mâ—ss of good bloud or in thickening them if they are too thin or in thinning them if too thick Praeposterous out of season unhandsome unseemly disorderly Praepetent strong effectual potent above or before others Praesidies auxiliary forces helps by the by Praesidy help comfort c. Pregnant big with child Prepuce the fore-skin of a mans yard which the Jewes used to cut off in Circumcision Praestigiators cozeners cheaters Preternatural contrary or besides the course of nature Privation God knows what it is there is no such thing in nature Probable likely to come to pass Procatarctick Causes the primary first working or moving Causes as in a Fever the next immediate moving Cause is putrefied Choller c. but the first working and occasional Cause was the patients taking cold or by swimming in cold water whereby the pores became shut and so the matter of the Disease inflamed by being pent up in the body Procerity height Procidentia Ani the falling down of the fundament which is very frequent in children Procidious ready to fall out Profligation the overthrowing driving away or bringing any thing to destruction Profluvio sanguinis ex naribus flux of bloud at the nose Profound deep subtilly learned Prognosis the fore-knowledge of a disease Prognosticks of diseases signs foretelling what will be the event of any particular disease or if the patient shall recover or not Projects cast forth Propomates all kind of drinks made with sugar and hony Prostates the kernels which keep the seed after the stones have flnish'd it Propriety a pain by propriety is when the cause of the pain is in the part pained as when the head-ach comes from the humors in the head it 's called a pain by propriety when it proceeds of vapors sent up from the stomach or any other part it 's called head-ach by consent or sympathy Protopium Wine new pressed out of the grape Protraction is the lengthening out of the disease and making it last long as most of those you call Doctors are wont to do to get the more fees from their patients purses Protrusion casting out Pryapismus an unnatural standing of the yard without any desire to generation Pseudo-medick a false physitian or counterfeit Empirick Psilothers medicines to take off hair from any part of the body Psora Plinit sera scabies a certain kind of scurvy itch so called Pterygium or Haw in the eyes called Unguis is a hard nervous little membrane which coms out of the great corner of the eye covers the white and after by continuance the black and covering the pupilla hindereth the sight Pthiriasis morbus pedicularis the louzy disease Ptisan a Decoction of Barly Pubes the hairy hillock above the privities in men and women the word signifies ripeness because that hair being grown out shews the party to be fit for Generation Pugil as much in quantity as may be taken up between the three fore fingers and the thumb Pulsation beating of the arteries in any part of the body Pulse beans pease vetches c. Pulverization bringing to pouder Pupil of the eye is the round black spot in the middle which we commonly call the sight or apple of the eye pulchritude beauty Pulverable hard things as oyster-shells brought to pouder Purgation is the clensing of impure liquor having a thick sediment and froth by Decoction Putrefaction dissolving or opening of mixed mineral bodies by a natural warmth and moist putrefaction viz. by horse dung and Balneum Mariae Putretude filthiness Purilence the dissolution of any thing into a thick slimy substance Pyramis a geometrical figure broad at bottom and growing less and less towards the top till it end in a point the Sepulchers of the Egyptian Kings were of this form and therefore called pyramides Pyroticks Causticks burning medicines as the name imports Q Quartation is the separation of gold and silver mixt together by four unequal parts Quinque-angular five corner'd Quinta Essentia is an absolute pure and well digested medicine drawn from any substance either animal vegetable or mineral Quittour matter Quotidiana a daily Ague commonly call'd a Quotidian Ague R Radical moisture the fundamental juyce of the body whereby the natural heat is nourished and preserveed as the flame in a Lamp is preserved by oyle Ramex varicosus a Rupture of swollen bones Ranula a swelling under the tongue in that part whereby it is bound to the ligament it is oftentimes so large that it is seen above the lower teeth Rarefaction making thin Rasion rasping shreding or fileing Recenseate reckon up Recency newness Recipient part is that part which receives the offending humor Recruted repaired restored made up it 's a term in the Art Military Rectification when the distilled liquor is oftentimes distill'd over again Redacted brought constrained reduced Reduced brought back again Reduction the restauration of any thing that hath suffered a change or alteration to its former condition Reduplicated often doubled or repeated Refaricated stuffed quilted Referted replenished well furnished Reflux flowing back again Reficiates amends comforts Refocilate refresh revive Refractions the breaking of the representations in visible objects it 's a term in Opticks Refragates contradicts gainsayes Refrigeration cooling Refrigeratory is in general any plate or vessel used for cooling particularly it is taken for a vessel like a pail placed about the head of an Alembeck of Copper or Pewter and is used to be filled with cold Water that so the Still-head may not grow hot but that the Spirits which in distillation ascend up may the more easily be made thick and turned back into the Receiver which otherwise would be dispersed and consumed Relax is used sometimes to signifie the loosening of the belly Relaxing flakening unbinding Remitted lessened abated eased pardoned Renovation a renewing Repelled driven away Repercussives medicines which are applied to drive back the humors from a diseased part Repletion too great an abundance or fulness of bloud and humors Reposed laid up to lie a great while Represses restrains Reptant creeping Repullulate bud or spring again Repurgation the purging of
turn round so that the patient is neither able to stand nor go but falls down except he lay hold on something to stay himself upon Verrucales-Hemorrhoides the Piles or Hemorrhoides Vesicae biliariae the receptacle of pure choler Vesicatories things applied to the skin to draw blisters Vicissitude changes turnings or a perpetual succession of changes Vimineous any thing made of wicker rods like a Basket Vinum dilutum Wine mixt with water Viscid Phlegm clammy tough phlegm roping like birdlime Viscous clammy roping tough like bird-lime Visive-Nerve the nerve that is the instrument of the visive faculty or of seeing whereby the objects of sight are carried into the brain to the imagination and judgment Visor or visive spirits the spirits which are the principal instruments of sight Vital Faculty the faculty of life whereof the heart is the principal seat of residence this is the cause of life pulse and breathing Vitiligo a foulness of the skin with spots of divers colours Morphew Vitrification is the violent calcination of any Calx or Ashes till it melt into Glass Vitriol Copperas Vitrous humor a moisture like to molten Glass or Chrystal which is a part of the eye you may see it if you dissect the eye of a Calf or Sheep Vitrum Glass it 's used to signifie Glass distilling vessels or any other vessels made of Glass Ulcerated a sore turned to an ulcer a part that hath Ulcers in it Ulcus an ulcer Umbilical Vessels the Navel and the parts thereto belonging which is called Umbilieus from it's Convolutions or foldings one within another Urbane pleasant Urine both of men and children is used in Alchymy as also in Physick and Chirurgery frequently both externally and internally Unctious oyly fatty Uncultivated untill'd Universal Evacuation a general purging of the whole body all at once Voluntary faculty that power of the body which serves the Will in disposing the whole man to any action as going running speaking or whatever is voluntary and obedient to the command of our Wills and may be acted or forborn at pleasure Whereas the powers of beating in the pulse of digestion in the stomach or liver of motion in the heart are not within our own power and therefore are termed involuntary Vovulus Iliaca passio a pain in the guts or the cholick in the uppermost gut Vomitories medicines to procure vomiting Urachos the vessel which conveyes the Urine from the Child in the Womb to the Allontois Ureters certain long and very slender pipes or passages which convey the urine from the Kidneys to the Bladder Ureting pissing Urethra a common passage of the yard both for seed and urine Ustion burning or scorching of any thing whereby it may the easier be reduced to pouder Usurped used Vulva a Womans privie member Uvula the palat of the mouth Uteri Phymosis straitness of the Womb insomuch that it will not admit of seed but if it do it brings death to the Woman sometimes the yard of a Man is troubled with this Phymosis upon the foreskin Uvea Tunica a Coat of the Eye resembling the skin of a Grape whence it hath its name Vulneral Medicines belonging to Wounds viz. Plaisters Salves c. And inward Potions Diet-Drinks c. W Warmth heat Watry Humor A certain Humor resembling fair Water in the Composition of the Eye Watergate a Womans privie member Whites in Women is a flux of filthy corrupt stuff from their privities Womb-fury a lustful desire Womb-Imperforated such as Virgins have like a barrel of beer unboared till it have a spigot put in it Z Zanie a foolish imitator to a Tumbler the familiar of a Witch Zachariae flos the blue-bottle Zacutus Lusitanus a Jew that practizing Physick at Amsterdam became very famous in his Art there are many Pieces of his in Print he was of the Gallenical way not unlearned Zarsa parilla the Root of rough Bindweed brought us from Spain and Pern where it had this name given it Zedoary a certain Root brought to us from beyond Sea sold at the Druggists Zenith that part of the Heavens which is direct over our heads Zyrbus Barbarorum the caul or suet wherein the bowels are wrapt Books printed and sold by Iohn Garfield at the Rolling-Press for Pictures near the Royal Exchange in Cornhil Viz. RHaenodaeus Medicinal Dispensatory containing the whole Body of Physick discovering the Natures Properties and Virtues of the Plants Minerals and Animals the manner of Compounding Medicines with the way how to administer them Methodically digested into Five Books of Philosophical and Pharmacentical Institutes Three Books of Physical Materials both Galenical and Chymical with a perfect Apothecaries shop and a Physical Dictionary adjoyned with the said Dispensatory explaining all the hard Words and Terms of Art in the said Dispensatory Ochinus his Dialogues of Polygamy and Divorce wherein all the Texts of Holy Scripture and Arguments from Reason and the Laws and Customs of Nations that have been or can be brought for or against Polygamy are urged and answered interchangably by two persons Daphnis and Chloe a most sweet amorous and pleasant Pastoral Romance for young Ladies Translated out of Greek by George Thornly Gentleman FINIS
may serve for a rule for all stomachical Pills that should be kept in Pharmacopolies but they should be made onely in small quantity that they may be alwayes new and fresh for by long keeping they become too dry and their faculties duller The mass must be involved in a piece of Leather well oyled and then reposed in a Tin-pot well shut All Pills and other Purges should be given on an empty stomack especially such as should draw noxious humours from remoter parts which may be assumed long before or after meat as after the first sleep but stomachical Pills not so for it is enough that they be taken one hour before break-fast or other meals that the Belly may be gently subduced and phlegm or other prave humours contained in the Ventricle or other vicine parts be educed Vires which all stomachical Pills effect roborating the stomack resarciating the appetite and exciting it to rest CHAP. 2. Pilulae Ruffi commonly called Pestilential â„ž of the best Aloes â„¥ ij Myrrhe â„¥ j. Saffron â„¥ ss and with the best * * * Honey Wine Oinomel make it into a mass The COMMENTARY There is scarce any Medicament but it is by some changed from that it was by its Author at first made These Pills are compounded by few but variously changed by many for some adde a third part of Myrrhe others a fourth and some onely an eighth some mix Saffron and Myrrhe in equal weight others take onely half as much Saffron as Myrrhe and half as much Myrrhe as Aloes according to which opinion most famous Medicks prescribe and we have formed our description Rondeletius denies that Ruffus was the Inventor of these Pills for he tradited a Potion rather then Pills as Paulus Aegineta evidences He indeed described a certain Medicament of Aloes Myrrhe and Ammoniacum Storax brayed in odorate Wine which he calls a Potion yet he exhibits it in the magnitude of a Bean which concords not with potulent measures but an usual expression for the quantity of solid things And hence the later age upon good grounds pronounces Ruffus the Author of these Pills VVe substitute generous Oinomel in stead of aromatical VVine for the reception of the Powders which is more convenient for if they should be subacted onely with VVine the mass would acquire a stony hardness Syrupe of VVormwood is also a fit recipient for them Ruffus his Pills are called Pestilential Vires because they conduce rather to the prevention then curation of the Pestilence for Aloes frees the Body from excrements Myrrhe vindicates it from putretude and Saffron recreates the heart and vital faculties but they very little profit when the Pestilence is begun for then more cordial potent and alexipharmacal Medicaments are required CHAP. 3. Pills of Mastick â„ž of Mastick â„¥ ss AloesÊ’ x. AgarickÊ’ iij. mix these with vinous Hydromel into a solid mass The COMMENTARY Mesue calls all the Pills that receive Mastick Stomachical whereof he gives not onely various descriptions But his Commentators and such as wrote of the same Subject and promulgated Antidotaries also one while augmenting the Aloes another time the Agarick sometimes the Mastick or else diminishing or adjecting The description we have here given is more usual and safe whereunto if you adde a little Diamoschum they will be Pills of Aloes according to the vulgar edition But the Agarick should be first brayed as also the Aloes and Mastick and subacted with Hydromel rather then with Wine both for efficacy and conservation It is thought that Petrus de Abano was their Author who would not denominate them from their exuberant Aloes lest many Pills of the same name should be confounded They purge the stomack gently roborate excellently Vires detract and expel all excrementitious humours from the Abdomen without molestation cure the dolour of the head and many affections of the Uterus CHAP. 4. Pilulae de tribus Solutivis or Pills of the three Solutives â„ž of Rhabarb Aloes Agarick of eachÊ’ iij. after they are beaten fine take Syrupe of Roses solutives as much as will suffice to bring it into a mass The COMMENTARY These are called the Pills of the three Solutives because they consist onely of three Purgative Simples and Syrupe of Roses which indeed is purgative but not simple They are indeed more validly stomachical then the former because of the Agarick which if it be first made into Trochisks as it should be will be more incisive and attenuative but less vomitory The manner of their preparation is easier then that it should need explication They purge bilious pituitous Vires crass and viscid humours from the Ventricle cavities of the Liver and Spleen and from the Mesentery they roborate the stomack and revoke appetite and let this serve for more that might be said of them CHAP. 5. Pilulae Imperiales D. Fern. or Fernelius his Imperial Catholical Pills â„ž of the best Aloes â„¥ ij choyce Rhabarb â„¥ j. ss Agarick trochiscated Senny picked of each â„¥ j. CinamonÊ’ iij. GingerÊ’ ij Nutmegs Cloves Spikenard Mastick of eachÊ’ j. and with Syrupe of Violets let them be subacted into a mass The COMMENTARY The Author did not without reason give this egregious denomination to these Pills which from the multiplicity of their faculties and their benignity in acting merit a more noble title They may also be called Catholical Pills because they universally expurge all humours from all parts as the Liver Spleen Ventricle Brain and if in greater quantity from parts farther dissited Nic. Praepositus describes more of the same name which are seldome made because they consist of more things and are less efficacious These Imperial Pills of Fernelius Vires purge roborate and liberate all the bowels from infarctures educe all noxious and obvious humours and help the oeconomy of all nutritive parts CHAP. 6. Pilulae de Eupatorio majores or The greater Pills of Egrimony â„ž of yellow Myrabolans the Juyces of Egrimony and Wormwood of eachÊ’ iij. RhabarbÊ’ iij. ss MastickÊ’ j. SaffronÊ’ ss AloesÊ’ v. of the Juyce or rather Syrupe of Endive as much as will suffice to bring it into a mass The COMMENTARY Mesue describes two forms of these Pills the former which we have here inserted he calls the greater the other the lesser which are seldome as both indeed prepared But these being very commendable for the Jaundies and all obstructions of the Liver should be kept in Pharmacopolies that it might go better with the diseased They should rather be denominated from Rhabarb which is the Basis in the composition But Authors put names upon the compounds they invent rather according to their own wills then valid reason For the due making of them the succe of true Egrimony and Wormwood should by evaporation be inspissated exsiccated and afterwards pulverated then mixed with other Medicaments brayed apart then all subacted into a fit mass with Syrupe of Endive or Succory They act perperously who following Mesue's advice put the
Powders into water of Endive and so coact them into a mass These greater Pills of Egrimony do not onely cure the Jaundies Vires but periodical and circularly-reiterated Fevers also CHAP. 7. Pilulae sine quibus esse nolo or Pills without which I would not be D. Nic. Praepos ℞ of the best Aloesʒ xiiij the five sorts of Myrobalans Rhabarb Senny Agarick trochiscated Mastick Wormwood Dodder Rose-leaves Violets of eachʒ j. Diagridiumʒ vj. ss Honey despumed with the Juyce of Fennel as much as suffices to bring it into a mass The COMMENTARY These are also Universal as well as the Imperial but more cholagogous and valid because of their Diagridium Their denomination being noted by a certain circumlocution shew the efficacy and necessity of their use which no man or Master of a Family that mindes his sanity should be without Their ingredients are such as deduce humours from all principal parts of the Body and roborate those parts Rheubarb is their Basis if we respect their better part Scammony if their more valid and exuperant and Myrabolambs if the weight of fruits That they may be duly made Scammony Aloes Agarick and Mastick should be pulverated apart the rest partly alone and partly together They must not be subacted with the water or succe of Fennel as the Author would but with Honey that they may not too soon become dry and marcid These Pills educe Phlegm and both the Biles from all parts Vires but especially from the head eyes and senses and thence they lessen the suffusions of the eyes conserve sight and cure the pain and noise in the ears CHAP. 30. Pilulae Aureae or Golden Pills D.N.Myr. ℞ of the best Aloes and Diagridium of eachʒ v. of red Roses and Smallage-seed of eachʒ ij ss the seeds of Anise and sweet Fennel ef eachʒ j. ss Powder of Coloquintida Saffron and Mastick of eachʒ j. and with Gumme-Thraganth dissolved in Rose-water or rather with Honey of Roses make it up into a mass of a legitimate consistence The COMMENTARY Nic. Praepositus doth justly insult over Nic. Myrepsus the Author of these Pills That he described so great a quantity of Diagridium insomuch that the place is suspected of Errour where I believe he would have said ℈ v. not ʒ v. which may be gathered from his very words in the end of this 107 Chapter where defining the dosis of these Pills he thus writes Let them be made like a Pease with the water of the infusion of Tragacantha and nine or eleven of them taken at night with Mulse or Wine for this quantity is at least ʒ j. ss or ʒ ij which admits of almost ʒ ss of Diagridium However use hath so prevailed that they are made according to the manner described yet with this rule That they be exhibited in a just and idoneous weight according to the Medicks prudence and diseased's strength to whom if four or five grains of Diagridium would purge him so much of these Pills must be given as receives just so much Diagridium Nic. Praepositus did well in the adjection of Mastick for the roboration of the Ventricle against the attact of such violent Purgatives Tragacanthum is also justly commixed to mitigate the ferity of Scammony but the Trochisks of Alhandal were safer then Coloquintida uncastigated all must be pulverated small and coacted into a mass of a legitimate consistence with Honey of Roses for so it will be softer then if it had been subacted with the dissolved Gumme of Tragacantha They are called Golden Pills rather from their croceous colour then their excellent effect for all Medicaments which potently subduce the Belly and validly expurge humours are not presently denominated aureous or eximious but such onely as with facility and without molestation extract noxious ones Golden Pills are very cholagogous Vires for they potently draw Bile and Phlegm also not onely from the inferiour but also superiour Ventricle and the head and thence they purge the senses and acuate the eye-sight CHAP. 9. Pilulaede Agarico or Pills of Agarick D. Avic ℞ of Agarickʒ iij. Orris-root Horehound of eachʒ j. Turbith Hierae Picrae of eachʒ iiij Coloquintida Sarcocollae of eachʒ ij Myrrheʒ j. mingle it with as much Sape as will suffice to make it into a mass The COMMENTARY Nic. Praepositus addes Mastick to these Pills the Commentators upon Mesue like not of it Fernelius approves of its use and transcribes their description out of Praepositus Joubertus disapproves of it but gives no reason I think it is neither hurtful nor greatly profitable for if it be exploded the Ventricle cannot want roboratives as long as Hiera Myrrhe Sape and Orris ingrede the compound if it be admitted it will neither obtund the faculties of the other nor much better them Their first Author was Avicenna who described them with Myrrhe which Mesue omits as Bauderonius observes in his Book where he describes Agarick and Coloquintida without any express preparation But it is best to take them both when made into Trochisks and so bray and mix them The Powder of Galens Hierae Sacra must be taken with Honey white Horehound selected and the Root of that Orris whose flower is caeruleous which Avicenna calls the Celestial Lilly The Purgatives must be pulverated apart the rest partly so partly together and then all mixed together with Sape Pills of Agarick purgeth phlegm potently from all parts Vires conduces to the head and breast and thence cures the sleepy Disease Catarrhs Vertigo and such affections as proceed from cold humours but especially difficult breathing for which end Avicenna invented them CHAP. 10. Pilulae Cochiae D. Rhasis ℞ of the Powder of simple Hieraeʒ x. Coloquintidaʒ iij. ℈ j. Scammony preparedʒ ij ss Turbith Stoechados of eachʒ v. and with Syrupe of Staechados make it up into a mass The COMMENTARY The Pills of Cochia are not so called simply from the grain which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but because they are round and small like Pepper-corns after which manner all Pills were wont to be made and though they be now greater yet we give them the same name as well as the same description Some think them excessively purgative because of the greater quantity of Diagridium And seeing Pharmacopolists should have gentle purges for such as are delicate and valid ones for the stronger I would have made them as Rhasis hath described them for they may be given in such small quantity that they will not over-purge the Belly but educe onely noxious humours Some doubt in their mixtion whether Galens Hiera Picra should be taken or some other made We for many reasons which for brevities sake we omit judge no other Hiera more convenient valid or better but it is safer to admit the Trochisks of Alhandal then Coloquintida unprepared and if Syrupe of Stoechas be not in readiness which indeed few keep then the Powders may be subacted in Honey with the decoction of